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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreprc  'uctions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notat/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographicaiiy  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


□ 


D 


D 
D 


D 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommag^e 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurie  et/ou  pellicul^e 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  gdographiques  en  couleur 


□    Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  blaue  ou  noire) 

I      I    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Re!i6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  serr6e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intdrieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout^es 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  fiim^es. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl6mentaires; 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  Ati  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mithode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqute  ci-dessous. 


I      I   Coloured  pages/ 


y/ 


1/ 


D 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmd  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqui  ci-dessous. 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endom  magmas 


The 
tol 


□    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaur^es  et/ou  pelliculAes 


Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  dicolordes,  tachetdes  ou  piqudes 


□    Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ditachdes 


Showthrough/ 
Transparence 


I      I    Quality  of  print  varies/ 


Quality  in6gale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  matdriel  supplimentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


Thi 
poi 
ofi 
fiin 


Ori 
be| 
the 
sio 

fin 
sio 
or 


Th( 
shi 
TIf 
wh 

Mfl 

difi 
ent 
be 
rig] 
rec 
md 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t6  film^es  d  nouveau  de  fapon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

y 

12X 

16X 

20X 

24X 

■\ ' 

28X 

32X 

The  copy  filmed  her*  het  been  reproduced  thenks 
to  the  generoeity  of: 

Library  of  the  Public 
Archives  of  Ccnada 


L'exemplaire  film*  fut  reproduit  grice  k  la 
gAnirositA  de: 

La  bibiiothAque  des  Archives 
publiques  du  Canada 


The  imegee  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  iteeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  end  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  bacic  cover  W!hen  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  Illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  Impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  -^'  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  ▼  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  In  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  In  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  At6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  ia  nettetA  de  I'exempleira  film*,  at  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  da 
fllmage. 

Les  exemplalres  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimAe  sont  fiim6s  en  commen^ant 
par  le  premier  plet  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernlAre  pege  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'iilustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  sutres  exemplaires 
origineux  sont  filmte  en  commenpent  par  la 
premlAre  pege  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'iilustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  dee  symboles  suivants  apparattra  sur  ia 
dernlAre  imege  de  cheque  microfiche,  seion  le 
cas:  le  symbols  —►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifle  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
flimAs  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diffArents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seui  clichA,  11  est  fiimd  d  partir 
de  i'angle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  drolte, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
iliustrent  la  mAthode. 


1 

2 

3 

32X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

6 

6 

x\ 


TIIK 


AMERICAN 


/ 


BIOGRAPHICAL  DICTIONARY: 


COMTAININO  AN  ACCOUNT  OF  THE 


LIVES,  CHARACTERS,  AND  WRITINGS 


*  OP  THR 


ast  Eminent  persons  ^ttmt)i  in  |tori|  %mm, 


FROM  ITS  FIRST  SETTLEMENT.    .    . 


BT 


WILLIAM    ALLEN,    D.  D., 

LATB  I'KKfllDENT  OP  IIOWDOIN   COIiLKOR,   FKLUIW  Or  THE  AMGKICAN  ACADEMY  OF  ARTS  AND   SCIEMCB8, 

MKMUEK  ur  TIIK  AMKIIICAN   ANTIQUAKIAN   gOCIETY,  AMD  OP  THE  IIISTOKICAL  80CIETIK8  OF 

UA8SACIIU8ETT8,   MAINK,   MEW  IIAMrSIIIlIE,  NEW   YOKE,  AMD   MEW  .lEKSEY;    AUTHOR 

or  "  ADuiucwBa,"  amd  op  the  "  valb  op  boomatummuk." 


QUIQUI  8UI  MEMORKS  ALIOS  VKCERB  HERENOO.— Tnoa. 


THZBD  SDITIOir. 


BOSTO]Sr: 
PUBLISHED  BY  JOHN  P.  JEWETT  AND  COMPANY. 

CLEVELAND,  OHIO: 

HENRY  P.  B.  JEWETT. 

H.DCCC.LVIt. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1867,  by 

JOHN  P.  JEWETT  AND  COMPANY, 

In  the  Clerk's  office  of  the  District  Court  for  the  District  of  Massachnsetti. 


UTHOTTFED  BY  THE  AHERICAM  BTBREOTTTE  COMFAKT, 


rHCBNUE  BUILDUiO,  BOSTON. 


N^ 


fc.'iY    ■ 

\. .» ;. 


»         «[ 


PREFACE  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


The  following  work  prescnta  itself  to  the  public  with  no  claims  to  attention,  but  such  as 
are  founded  upon  the  interest  wiiidi  may  be  felt  in  the  lives  of  Americans.  Finding 
himself,  a  few  years  ago,  in  a  literary  retirement,  with  no  important  duties  which  pressed 
immediately  upon  him,  the  author  conceived  i'.;-  nlun  of  this  Dictionary.  lie  was  desirous 
of  bringing  to  the  citizens  of  the  United  States  more  information  than  was  generally 
j)0saessed,  respecting  the  illustrious  men  of  former  times,  the  benefactors  and  ornaments  of 
this  country,  who  liave  passed  away.  He  j)ersuaded  himself  tiiat,  if  he  could  collect  the 
fragments  of  biograpiiy,  which  were  buried  in  the  mass  of  American  history,  or  scattered 
amidst  a  multitude  of  tracts  of  various  kinds,  and  cotdd  fashion  tiiese  materials  into  a 
regular  form,  so  as  to  plaei;  before  the  eye  our  great  and  good  men,  if  not  in  their  full 
dimensions,  yet  in  their  true  shape,  he  should  render  an  acceptable  service  to  his  country- 
men. This  work,  with  no  little  labor,  he  has  now  completed ;  and  the  inexperienced  artist, 
in  his  first  essay,  can  hope  only  that  his  design  will  be  commended.  lie  wishes  chiefly, 
that,  as  the  images  of  departed  excellence  arc  surveyed,  the  spirit  which  animated  them 
may  be  caught  by  the  beholder. 

As  an  apology,  however,  for  the  deficiencies  and  errors  of  various  kinds  which  may  be 
found  in  the  work,  a  full  exposition  of  his  plan,  and  some  representation  of  the  difficulty  of 
executing  it,  seem  to  be  necessary. 

It  was  proposed  to  give  some  account  of  the  persons  who  first  discovered  the  new  world; 
of  those  who  had  a  principal  agency  in  laying  the  foundations  of  the  several  colonies  ;  of 
those  who  have  held  important  offices  and  discharged  tlie  duties  of  them  with  ability  and 
integrity ;  of  those  who  have  been  conspicuous  in  the  learned  professions ;  of  those  who 
have  been  remarkable  for  genius  and  knowledge,  or  who  have  written  anything  deserving 
of  remembrance ;  of  the  distinguished  friends  of  literature  and  science  ;  of  the  statesmen, 
the  patriots,  and  heroes,  who  have  contended  for  American  liberty,  or  aided  in  the  estab- 
lishment of  our  civil  institutions  ;  and  of  all,  whose  lives,  bright  with  Christian  virtue, 
might  furnish  examples  which  should  be  worthy  of  imitation.  It  was  determined  to  enlarge 
this  wide  field  by  giving  as  complete  a  list  as  could  be  made  of  the  writings  of  each 
person,  and  by  introducing  the  first  ministers  of  the  principal  towns,  for  the  purpose  of 
illustrating  the  history  of  this  country.  The  design  included,  also,  a  very  compendious 
liistory  of  the  United  States,  as  well  as  of  each  separate  colony  and  State,  for  the  satisfac- 
tion of  the  reader  who  might  wish  to  view  the  subjects  of  the  biograjjhical  sketches  in 
connection  with  the  most  prominent  facts  relating  to  the  country  in  which  tliey  lived.  In 
addition  to  all  this,  it  was  intended  to  annex  such  references  as  would  point  out  the 
sources  from  which  information  should  be  derived,  and  as  might  direct  to  more  copious 
intelligence  than  could  be  contained  in  this  work. 

Such  were  the  objects  which  the  author  had  in  view,  when  he  commenced  an  enterprise, 
of  whose  magnitude  and  difficulty  he  was  not  sufficiently  sensible,  before  he  had  advanced 
too  far  to  be  able  to  retreiit.  The  modem  compilers  of  similar  works  in  Europe  have 
little  else  to  do  but  to  combine  or  abridge  the  labors  of  their  predecessors,  and  employ  the 


iv 


PRET-ACB. 


materials  previously  collected  to  their  hands.  But  in  the  compilation  of  this  work  a  now 
and  untrodden  field  was  to  be  explored.  It  became  ncccfwarj,  not  only  to  examine  the 
whole  of  American  history,  in  order  to  know  who  hare  token  a  conspicuous  part  in  the 
transactions  of  this  country,  but  to  supply,  from  other  sources,  the  imperfect  accounts  of 
general  historical  writers.  \iy  a  recurrence  to  the  references,  it  will  be  seen  that  much 
toil  has  been  encountered.  But,  althoufi^h  the  authorities  may  seem  to  be  unnecessarily 
multiplied,  there  has  been  some  moderation  in  introducing  them,  for  in  ninny  instances  they 
do  not,  by  any  means,  exhibit  the  extent  of  the  researches  which  have  been  made.  It 
could  not  be  expected,  or  wii^hcd,  that  newspapers,  pamphlets,  and  other  pro<luctions  should 
bo  referred  to  for  undisputed  dates  and  single  facts  which  they  have  oiforded,  and  which 
have  been  embodied  with  regular  accounts.  The  labor,  however,  of  scorching  for  inform- 
ation has  frequently  been  less  than  that  of  comparing  different  statements,  endeavoring  to 
reconcile  them  when  they  disagreed,  adjusting  the  chronology,  combining  the  independent 
facts,  and  forming  n  consistent  whole  of  what  existed  only  in  disjointed  parts.  Sometimes 
the  mind  has  been  overwhelmed  by  the  varicjty  and  abundance  of  intelligence ;  and  some- 
times the  author  has  prosecuted  his  inquiries  in  every  direction,  and  found  only  a  barren 
waste. 

For  the  large  space  which  is  sometimes  occupied  in  describing  the  lost  houre  of  the 
persons  of  whom  a  sketch  is  given,  the  following  reasons  are  assigned.  In  the  lives  of  our 
fellow-men,  there  is  no  period  so  important  to  them,  and  so  interesting  to  us,  as  the  period 
which  immediately  precedes  their  dissolution.  To  see  one  of  our  brethren  nt  a  point  of 
his  existence,  beyond  which  the  next  step  will  either  plunge  him  down  a  ])recipicc  into  an 
abyss  from  which  he  will  never  rise,  or  will  elevate  him  to  everlasting  glory,  is  a  spectacle 
which  atfmcts  us,  not  merely  by  its  sublimity,  but  because  we  know  that  the  flight  of  time 
is  rapidly  hastening  us  to  the  same  crisis.  We  wish  to  see  men  in  the  terrible  situation 
which  inevitably  awaits  us ;  to  learn  what  it  is  that  can  support  them,  and  can  secure  them. 
The  gratification  of  this  desire  to  behold  what  is  great  and  awful,  and  the  communication 
of  the  aids  which  may  be  derived  from  the  conduct  of  dying  men,  have  accordingly  been 
combined  in  the  objects  of  this  work.  After  recounting  the  vicissitudes  attending  the 
affairs  of  men,  the  author  was  irresistibly  inclined  to  turn  from  the  fluctuations  of  human 
life,  and  to  dwell,  when  his  subject  would  give  him  on  opportunity,  upon  the  calm  and  firm 
hopes  of  the  Christian,  and  the  sure  prospects  of  eternity.  While  he  thus  soothed  his 
own  mind,  he  also  believed  that  he  should  afford  a  resting-place  to  the  minds  of  others, 
fatigued  with  following  their  brethren  amidst  their  transient  occupations,  their  successes, 
their  disappointments,  and  their  afflictions. 

Some  terms  are  used  which  relate  to  local  circumstances,  and  which  require  those 
circumstances  to  be  pointed  out.  In  several  of  the  New  England  States,  when  the  annual 
election  of  the  several  branches  of  the  legislature  is  completed,  and  the  government  is 
organized,  it  has  been  an  ancient  practice  to  have  a  sermon  preached  in  the  audience  of 
the  newly-elected  rulers,  which  is  called  the  election  sermon.  This  phmse  would  not  need 
an  explanation  to  an  inhabitant  of  New  England.  The  names  of  pastor  and  teacher,  as 
distinct  officers  in  the  church,  frequently  occur.  Soon  after  the  first  settlement  of  this 
countiy,  when  some  societies  enjoyed  the  hibors  of  two  ministers,  they  bore  the  titles  of 
teacher  and  pastor,  of  which  it  was  the  duty  of  the  former  to  attend  particularly  to  doctrine, 
and  of  the  latter  to  exhortation  ;  the  one  was  to  instruct,  and  the  other  to  persuade.  But 
the  boundary  between  these  two  offices  was  not  well  defined,  and  was  in  fact  very  little 
regarded.     The  distinction  of  the  name  itself  did  not  exist  long. 

Great  care  has  been  taken  to  render  the  dates  accurate,  and  to  avoid  the  mistakes  which 
have  been  made  from  inattention  to  the  former  method  of  reckoning  time,  when  March  was 


rilEPACB.  ▼ 

llio  first  month  of  tUo  year.  If  any  one,  Ignorant  of  this  circnmnlunce,  8houUI  look  into 
Dr.  Mather's  Ma{?nalia,  or  ecclesiastical  history  of  New  England,  he  would  Hometimes 
wonder  at  the  absurdity  of  the  writer.  lie  would  rea<l,  for  instance,  in  the  life  of  President 
Chauncy,  that  he  died  in  February,  1671,  and  will  find  it  previously  caid  that  he  attended 
the  commencement  in  the  same  year,  which  was  in  July.  Thus,  too,  Prter  llobart  is  said 
to  have  died  in  January,  and  yet  to  have  been  infirm  in  the  summer  of  1C78.  Wlien  it  is 
remembered  that  March  was  the  first  month,  these  accounts  arc  ea  y  to  be  reconciled. 
There  seems  not,  however,  to  have  been  any  uniformity  in  disposing  of  the  days  between 
the  first  and  the  twenty-fiiVh  of  March,  for  sometimes  they  are  considered  as  belonging  to 
the  antecedent,  and  sometimes  to  the  subsequent  year.  American  writers,  it  is  believed, 
have  generally,  if  not  always,  applied  them  to  the  latter.  When  the  figures  for  two  years 
are  written,  as  in  dates  before  the  adoption  of  the  new  style  in  1752  is  found  frequently  to 
be  the  case,  not  only  for  the  days  above  mentioned,  but  for  the  days  in  January  and 
February,  it  is  the  latter  year  which  corresponds  with  our  present  mode  of  reckoning. 
Thus,  March  1,  1689,  was  sometimes  written  March  1,  1688-9,  or  with  the  figures  placed 
one  above  the  other.  The  months  were  designated  usually  by  the  names  of  the  first,  the 
second,  etc. ;  so  that  February  was  the  twelfth  month. 

No  apology  is  necessary  for  the  free  use  which  has  been  made  of  the  labors  of  others,  for 
the  plan  of  this  book  is  so  essentially  dificrent  from  that  of  any  which  has  preceded  it,  that 
tlic  author  has  not  encroached  upon  the  objects  which  others  had  in  view.  lie  has  had  no 
hesitation  in  using  their  very  language,  whenever  it  suited  him.  Compilers  seem  to  bo 
licensed  pillagers.  Like  the  youth  of  Sparta,  they  may  lay  their  hands  ujion  plunder 
without  a  crime,  if  they  will  but  seize  it  with  adroitness.  The  list  of  American  literary 
productions,  which  has  been  rendered  as  complete  as  possible,  is,  tor  the  sake  of  method, 
placed  at  the  close  of  each  article ;  and,  in  giving  the  titles  of  them,  it  will  bo  perceived 
that  there  has  frequently  been  an  economy  of  words,  as  far  as  was  consistent  with  distinct- 
ness of  representation.  «  . 

The  author  is  aware  that  he  lives  in  times  which  are  like  all  other  times,  when  the  sym- 
pathies of  parties  of  different  kinds  arc  very  strong ;  and  he  believes  that  he  has  sought 
less  to  conciliate  them  than  to  follow  truth,  though  she  might  not  lead  him  into  any  of  the 
paths  along  which  the  many  are  pressing.  Without  resolving  to  be  impartial,  it  would 
indicate  no  common  destitution  of  upright  and  honorable  principles  to  attempt  a  delineation 
of  the  characters  of  men.  He  may  have  nisapprehendcd,  and  he  may  have  done  what  is 
worse.  All  are  liable  to  errors,  and  he  knows  enough  of  the  windings  of  the  heart  to 
remember  that  errors  may  proceed  from  prejudice,  or  indolence  of  attention,  and  be  crimi- 
nal, while  they  are  (  =  nhcd  as  honest  and  well-founded  convictions,  the  result  of  impartial 
inquiry.  He  trusts,  ho\  ever,  that  nothing  will  be  found  in  this  book  to  counteract  the 
influence  of  genuine  religion,  evincing  itself  in  piety  and  good  works,  or  to  weaken  the 
attachment  of  Americans  to  their  well-balanced  republic,  which  equally  abhors  the  tyranny 
of  irresponsible  authority,  the  absurdity  of  hereditary  wisdom,  and  the  anarchy  of  lawless 
liberty.  •         _ 

Cambkidge,  Massacuusetts,  August  2,  1809. 


'>>••':,%•  v-^^-fftf.? 


PREFACE  TO  THE  SECOND  EDITION. 


Aktkr  n  long  interval  since  tho  first  edition  of  this  work,  the  author  now  offers  tliis 
second  edition  to  tlie  public.  During  twenty  years  past  lie  liiw  been  repeatedly  urged  to 
accomplish  what  ho  has  not  found  leisure  to  necom|)lish  till  the  present  time.  Hut  tho 
delay,  as  the  death-harvest  among  the  eminent  men  of  our  country  has  been  gathered  in, 
has  swelled  the  catalogue  of  those  who  ought  to  be  commemorated  in  a  biography  of  '*  tho 
mighty  dead  "  of  America.  Tho  first  edition  was  the  first  general  collection  of  American 
biography  ever  published  ;  and  it  is  still  tho  largest  work  uf  the  kintl  which  has  appeared. 
In  the  prospectus  of  this  second  edition  it  was  proposed  to  print  seven  hundred  and  fitly 
pages,  and  it  was  thought  that  the  separate  biographical  notices  would  amount  to  about  twelve 
liundrcd,  being  about  five  hundred  more  than  nro  contained  in  tho  first  edition.  Yiut  the 
book  has  reached  the  unwieldly  size  of  eight  hundred  and  eight  pages,  and  the  biographical 
articles  exceed  eighteen  hundred,  presenting  an  account  of  more  than  one  thousand  indi- 
viduals not  mentioned  in  Lord's  edition  of  Lempriere,  and  of  about  sixteen  hundred  not 
found  in  the  first  ten  volumes  of  the  Encyclopedia  Americana.  Y(!t  the  aiithor  has  been 
obliged  to  exclude  accounts  of  many  persons  of  whom  ho  would  willingly  have  said  some- 
thing. If  ho  has  at  times  misjudged  in  his  exclusions  and  admissions,  —  yet  for  some 
omissions  an  apology  will  be  found  in  the  difficulty  of  obtaining  intelligence,  as  well  as  in 
oversight,  which  could  hardly  fail  to  occur  in  a  work  of  such  extent,  embracing  such  a 
multitude  of  facts,  and  I'cquiring,  while  in  the  press,  such  incessant  attention  and  labor,  — 
lie  can  only  promise,  should  he  live  to  publish  an  additional  volume,  or  to  prepare  another 
edition,  nn  earnest  effort  to  render  the  work  more  complete,  and  more  free  from  error.  In 
the  mean  time  he  solicits  the  communication  of  intelligence  respecting  individuals  worthy 
of  being  remembered,  who  have  escaped,  or  who  are  likely  to  escape,  his  unassisted 
researches. 

To  those  gentlemen  in  different  parts  of  our  country,  who  have  favored  him  with  notices 
of  their  friends,  or  of  others,  he  returns  his  acknowledgments.  He  has  been  particularly 
indebted  to  the  biographical  collections  of  Mr.  Samuel  Jennison,  Jun.,  of  Worcester, 
Mass.,  and  to  the  accurate  antiquarian  researches  of  Mr.  John  Farmer,  of  Concord,  N.  II., 
whose  New  England  Genealogical  Register  will  enable  most  of  the  sons  of  tho  Pilgrims 
of  New  England  to  trace  their  descent  from  their  worthy  ancestry.  The  authorities 
referred  to,  though  obridged  from  the  first  edition,  will  show  to  what  books  ho  has  been 
chiefly  indebted. 

America  is  reproached  in  Europe  for  deficiency  in  literature  and  science ;  but  if  one  will 
«  jnsider  that  it  is  not  two  hundred  years  since  the  first  press  was  set  up  in  this  country, 
and  will  then  look  at  the  list  of  publications  annexed  to  the  articles  in  this  Biography,  he 
will  be  astonished  at  the  multitude  of  works  which  have  been  printed.  New  England  was 
founded  by  men  of  learning,  whose  first  care  was  to  establish  schools ;  and  the  descendants 
of  the  fathers  have  inherited  their  love  of  knowledge  and  mental  energy.  No  race  of  men 
on  the  face  of  the  earth,  it  may  be  safely  asserted,  are  so  rational,  so  intelligent,  so 

(vi) 


I'RCrAOB. 


▼n 


r  oflTers  tliia 
\y  urged  to 
.  Itiit  tlio 
;ntlKTcil  in, 
iliy  of  "  tlic 
r  Arncricnii 
s  u|i|ifiircil. 
'<1  mnl  M)y 
bout  twilve 
.  But  th(! 
iiogra|)hi<>ul 
iiHiiiul  indi- 
undrod  not 
r  has  been 
eaid  i^otnc- 
st  for  some 
well  iw  in 
ng  such  a 

laljor,  — 
re  another 

rror.  In 
ills  worthy 
unassisted 


cnliglilonod,  and  of  Kuch  intcHectual  power,  m  the  de«ccndnnt«  of  the  Now  England  PiU 
griins,  and  the  iiilmitilatits  generally  of  our  extcnHivo  eountry. 

Although  the  with;  diirusion  of  knowledge  is  preferable  to  ItH  convergence  into  a  few 
points  of  s|ih>iidor,  yet  America  can  iMiast  of  names  of  eminence  in  the  arts  and  in  various 
ile[tttrtm<'nls  of  science,  and  can  «i)eak  of  her  sona  of  inventive  |H)wer,  of  metaphysical 
acutenoss,  of  philosophical  discovery,  of  profound  learning,  and  thrilling  eloquence,  and 
especially  of  a  multitude  skilled  in  the  knowledge  and  the  maintenance  of  the  rightH  of 
man.  Happy  will  it  bo  for  our  country,  if  ancient  wis(h)m,  and  patriotism,  and  piety  shall 
not,  in  a  future  race,  dwindle  down  into  the  hunger  for  ofllce,  and  the  violence  of  party, 
and  the  eheerlessness  of  intidelity. 

This  liody  of  American  Biography  will  bo  found  to  compriso  the  first  Settleiis  and 
Fathers  of  our  country ;  early  Navioators,  and  adventurous  Travellers  ;  the 
Statesmen,  Patriots,  and  Heroes,  who  have  contended  for  American  liberty,  or 
assisted  in  laying  the  foundations  of  our  republican  iustitutions ;  all  the  Signers  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence  ;  bravo  and  skilful  Militaut  and  Naval  Commanders  ; 
many  of  the  Governors  of  the  several  States,  and  the  deceased  Presidents  of  our 
country ;  profound  Lawyers,  and  skilful  Physicians  ;  men  of  Genius,  Learning,  and 
Science,  and  the  distinguished  Friends  and  Patrons  of  Learnino  ;  Tueoloqians 
and  Historians,  Poets  and  Orators  ;  ingenious  Artists,  and  men  celebrated  for  their 
Inventions  ;  together  with  many  eminent  PHiLANTiiROriSTa  and  Christlans,  whose 
examples  have  diflfuscd  a  cheering  radiance  around  thcni. 

The  author,  in  conclusion,  cannot  avoid  expressing  the  wish  that,  as  the  reader  survejrg 
the  lives  of  such  men,  the  commendable  zeal  which  animated  them  may  come  upon  his 
own  soul,  and  that  he  may  help  to  bear  up  the  honors  of  a  country  which  has  beea  the 
abode  of  a  race  of  enlightened,  noble-minded,  disinterested,  and  virtuous  men. 

Bbdnswigk,  Maine,  July  17,  1833. 


|th  notices 
irticularly 
Worcester, 
•d,  N.  II., 
I  Pilgrims 
lithoritics 
Ihas  been 


y!  ■'  .•■':•-,.- 


one  will 

I  country, 

*phy,  he 

land  was 

pendtmts 

!  of  men 

;ent,  so 


^'~^s 


rilKKACK  TO  Tin;  TIIIKD  EUITIOX. 


The  rpprint  of  tin;  I'r«'faro«i  to  tlin  two  furmcr  ctlltioim  —  tho  first  dntod  forty-«i;{lit 
ypiira  iigo,  nn<l  thn  second  Iwcniy-tivc  years  —  rctnlers  iinncccs^nry  nny  new  rrmarkn  on 
the  (lesion  anil  iinportanee  of  siieli  a  tollt'ellnn  of  ((enoral  American  l)io((rnpliy,  nx  is  fur- 
nislied  l>y  tlii.H  liool< ;  wiiieli  was,  in  fact,  tlic  first  worl(  of  tlie  kind  over  published,  and  ii) 
now  tho  only  general  and  excliiHivcly  Auiiriean  liiojjrapliy  to  which  (he  incpiirer  has  access. 
The  only  eliango  in  the  plan  is  tho  omission  of  the  brief  liistories  of  the  nevernl  States, 
which  histories  miKlit  have  been  useful  and  convenient  many  years  npo,  but  which,  at  tho 
present  day,  with  the  great  increase  of  the  number  of  tho  States,  and  the  rapid  growth  of 
tho  various  interests  of  the  country,  >hould  give  way  to  fuller  and  more  copious  and  satis- 
factory historical  accounts.  This  work  is  therefore  now  purely  biography ;  and,  instead  of 
"  An  American  lliographieul  and  J/istorical  Dictionary,"  tho  title  is  now  "  The  American 
lliographical  Dictionary." 

This  book  of  American  biography  has  not  been  superseded  nor  approached  in  value  by 
Bny  book  of  the  kind  which  has  been  published.  Without  referring  again  to  such  books  as 
were  mentioned  in  the  second  preface,  I  may  allude  to  two  general  biographies  wliich  hovo 
been  recently  printed,  namely:  Appletons'  Cycloptcdia  of  Biography,  and  Blake's  General 
Biography.  They  each  include  in  one  volume  both  foreign  and  American,  chiefly  foreign, 
and  only  in  small  part  American,  biography.  While  they  may  have  each  ten  or  twelve  thou- 
sand foreign  names,  the  former  has  only  about  ono  thousand,  and  the  latter  about  two 
thousand,  American  names;  but  my  book  has,  of  tho  distinguished  men  of  our  country,  the 
great  number  of  six  thousand  seven  hundred  seventy-five,  exceeding  the  largest  of  these 
two  books  by  about  four  thousand  seven  hundred  American  names.  And  my  whole  book 
of  nine  hundred  pages,  in  two  columns,  royal  octavo,  is  made  up,  not  chiefly  of  foreigners, 
but  of  ALL  Americans.  Moreover,  I  may  be  permitted  to  add,  ray  articles  are  not  shallow 
abridgments  of  my  second  edition,  but  full  and  ample  accounts,  including  a  list  of  tho 
writings  of  each  person.  If  tho  Appletons'  book  gives  one  page  of  letter  type  to  Wash- 
ington, my  own  book  gives  to  our  greatest  man  twelve  pages  ;  if  that  book  gives  to  Bev. 
Dr.  John  M.  Mason,  of  New  York,  eight  lines,  mine  gives  to  him  a  page  and  a  half;  if 
that  book  gives  to  John  Adorns  half  a  page,  mine  gives  to  him  six  pages.  Such  will  oAen 
be  found  tho  proportion  in  tho  articles,  without  referring  to  such  a  case  as  Rev.  Dr.  Morse, 
the  father  of  American  geography,  who  has  one  line,  while  in  my  book  he  has  nearly  half 
a  page  ;  such  the  abridgment  to  which  my  book  has  been  subjected. 

I  can  truly  say  of  my  book,  that  it  is  my  own  labor  of  half  a  century,  during  which 

period  I  have  been  gleaning  from  the  wide  field  of  American  history,  and  from  an  immense 

multitude  of  journals,  papers,  and  memorials  of  the  dead,  aided  also  by  the  contribution  of 

facts  from  the  friends  of  the  deceased.    I  have  introduced  many  anecdotes,  for  they  often 

combine  useful  and  important  instruction  with  amusement.     I  have  attempted  truly  to 

describe  all  characters ;  and,  in  ibllowing  the  pathway  of  truth,  I  have  not  invested  men 

with  excellencies  which  do  not  belong  to  them,  nor  regarded  with  equal  favor  contradictory 

systems  of  faith  and  irreconcilable  principles  of  conduct.     As  an  honest  man,  not  deprived 

(viii) 


rnrfArr,  to  rnr,  Tnrao  unmoif. 


h 


ted  forty-<'i}jlit 
>w  remarks  on 
ipliy,  iiH  U  fur- 
blixlicd,  iind  i» 
in-r  lius  a«'c«'KS. 
several  Slate.'*, 
t  vliicli,  nt  tlio 
ipiil  prowlli  of 
iuiH  nntl  Hatis- 
nnd,  instead  of 
The  American 

;(l  in  value  by 
>  Rueh  books  na 
ics  whieh  havo 
(lake's  Oenernl 
chiefly  foreign, 
or  twelve  thou- 
tcr  about  two 
iir  country,  the 
irgest  of  thcBO 
»y  whole  book 
of  foreigners, 
re  not  shallow 
a  list  of  tho 
typo  to  Wash- 
gives  to  Bev. 
nd  a  half;  if 
uch  will  often 
!V.  Dr.  Morse, 
IS  nearly  half 

during  which 
I  an  immense 
sntribution  of 
or  they  often 
pted  truly  to 
invested  men 
contradictory 

not  deprived 

(viii) 


of  intoUigonoe  nor  void  of  bonfvoK'nce,  I  iinvi-,  m  I  think,  known  how  to  censure  as  well 
n^  (<>  prui'ie. 

Tbr  lirKt  rdilion  toiilalned  an  account  of  niun'  timn  -rvcn  liuntlrcd  dcci'nxrd  Amerioann, 
the  Hccond  of  more  than  clghircn  hundred,  which  large  numlH>r,  in  the  prcM'nt  edition, 
bniiiglit  down  to  the  present  timi',  i^*  more  tiian  trcbleil;  mi  tlint  in  thi-<  iMxik  m.ty  Im) 
found  an  account  of  ncjtrly  seven  thousand  Americans,  of  some  note  and  wurlhines')  of 
Ix'ing  remembered.  And  how  vast  must  In-  tiie  munlier  of  American  citizens,  spread 
over  uur  wide  country,  who  nmy  tind  here  re<-onlcd  the  names  of  their  own  ance.Hton*, 
which,  elsewlien',  they  may  iM)t  \n'  able  to  Iind  ? 

If,  OS  a  reviewer  regarded  this  IxKtk,  wlien,  nuiny  years  ago,  the  second  edition  was  pul>- 
lished,  it  waa  "one  of  that  class  of  books  which  may  be  recktmed  as  among  the  nfrttmriet 
of  literary  life,  the  implenu'Uts  of  study,"  and  if  "  this  work  should  be  in  thi^  liundM,  or  ut 
least  within  tliv  reach,  of  every  literary  and  pmfessionnl  nuin  throughout  the  country ; " 
then,  at  the  present  time,  alter  tho  laps<>  of  a  quarter  of  a  century,  this  greatly  enlarged 
book  cannot  be  less  necessary  and  important. 

It  must  bo  wanted,  if  I  mistake  not,  by  our  statesmen ;  it  must  be  wanted  by  every 
minister  of  the  gospel,  of  whati'ver  denomination  ;  it  must  1m^  wanteil  in  every  school  and 
town  library.  That  the  print  is  fair  and  easy  to  iIh'  eye,  every  reader  will  i^-rceive  ;  and 
I  rejoice  that  my  publishers  pr<-sent  this  work  to  the  lovers  of  American  biography  in  a 
ibnn  whicli  must  U^  satisfactory  to  their  wishes,  associating  nothing  uf  meanness  or  nar- 
rowness with  this  memorial  of  the  mighty  <lcad  of  our  country. 

Intelligent,  patriotic  impiirers  cone«Mning  the  lives  of  their  predecessors  may  here  obtain 
the  information  which,  unaid  '  Uy  this  book,  it  might  be  impossible  (or  them  to  procure ; 
and  which  they  certainly  will  not  Iind  in  the  books,  whether  called  dictionaries  or  cyclo- 
pa;dias,  containing  abridgments  of  my  condensed  biography.  The  author  of  one  of  them  ha<l 
indeed  the  grace  to  ask  of  me  iHjrmission  to  abridge  my  second  edition  for  his  own  purposes,  — 
a  request  which  I  could  not  grant.  The  use  which,  without  my  consent,  has  been  actually 
made  of  my  book,  byway  of  abridgment  or  abstracts,  will,  I  hope,  create  a  thii-st  for  the 
more  copious  l)iography,  to  be  found  in  this  book.  It  may  be  added,  that  this  biographical 
book  will  not  —  like  mony  other  works  which  have  only  a  temporary  interest — be  liable 
to  become  antiquated  by  years ;  for  the  memory  of  the  worthy  dead,  the  memory  of  the 
fatliers,  will  ever  be  cherished  and  fresh  in  the  American  lieart.  The  Pilgrims  who  landed 
on  the  rock  of  Plj^mouth  were  never  so  reverenced  as  they  are  now. 

It  is  rare  that  an  author  is  permitted  to  sui)crintend  tlie  publication  of  a  book,  the  first 
edition  of  which  he  published  nearly  half  a  century  l)efore.  To  the  kind  Providence 
whicli  has  preserved  my  life,  I  oficr  my  grateful  acknowledgments ;  and,  as  my  age  and 
my  lal)ors  in  tliis  book  of  record,  which  speaks  of  the  dead,  have  rendered  my  thoughts 
familiar  with  death,  I  may  be  allowed,  lastly,  to  utter  the  prayer  for  the  readers  of  this 
work,  that  God  will  give  us,  at  the  moment  of  our  departure  from  the  earth,  the  peace  and 
triumph  often  given,  as  here  recorded,  to  his  Christian  servants ;  and  that,  when  wc  shall 
meet  in  a  great  company  of  hundreds  of  millions  of  revivified  men  of  all  countries,  lie  will 
grant  that  we  may  meet  as  fellow-sliarers  in  the  imutterable  blessings  revealed  in  the 
gospel  of  his  Son,  whose  death  has  made  atonement  lor  our  sins,  and  by  whose  teach- 
ing and  resurrection  "  hfc  and  immoi'tality  have  been  brought  to  light." 

NoninAupioir,  Massachusetts,  May  1,  1857. 


THE   AMERICAN 


BIOGRAPHICAL    DICTIONARY. 


ABBOT,  IIi'T.L,  r»  Tcs])cctal)lc  minister  of 
Charlostown,  Mass.,  was  {(radualed  at  Harvard 
C'olle;j;c  in  the  year  ITl'O,  and  ordained  I'd),  it, 
1121,  as  collcaguo  \vitli  Mr.  Bradstrcut.  A'ter 
continiiin;^  filty  years  in  the  ministiy,  he  died 
Ajjril  li>,  17V4,  aged  80  years.  He  published 
the  following  sermons :  on  the  artillery  election, 
1T3.'5;  on  the  rebellion  in  Scotland,  17  JG;  agmnst 
cursing  and  swearing,  1717. 

AUIJOT,  Sami'KL,  one  of  the  founders  of  tlic 
Theological  Seminary  at  Andovcr,  died  in  that 
town,  of  which  he  was  a  native,  April  30,  1812, 
aged  80.  lie  had  been  a  merchant  in  Boston. 
His  donation  for  establishing  the  Seminary,  August 
31,  1S()7,  was  20,000  dollars;  ho  also  bequeathed 
to  it  more  than  100,000  dollars.  He  was  a 
humble,  conscientious,  and  j)ious  man,  remark- 
able for  prudence,  sincerity,  and  u])riglitness ; 
charitable  to  the  poor,  and  zealous  for  the  inter- 
ests of  religion.  lie  bestowed  several  thousands 
of  dollars  for  the  relief  of  ministers  of  the  gosj)el 
and  for  other  charilablo  objec's.  It  was  a 
maxim  with  him,  "  to  praise  no  one  in  his 
presence  and  to  dispraise  no  one  in  his  absence."' 
In  bis  last  sickness  he  enjoyed  a  peace,  tvhich  the 
world  cannot  give.  "  I  desire  to  live,"  he  said, 
"  if  God  has  any  thing  more  for  me  to  do  or  to 
suffer."  "When  near  his  end  he  .said,  "there  is 
enough  in  God ;  I  want  nothing  but  God."  He 
left  a  widow,  with  whom  he  had  lived  more  than 
fifty  years,  and  one  son.  —  U^uuds'  Funeral  Ser- 
mon ;  Panoplist,  VIII.  337. 

ABBOT,  AniEL,  D.  ]).,  a  minister  in  Beverly, 
Mass.,  way  born  at  Andover  Aug.  17,  1770,  and 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1787,  having  an 
unstained  character  and  a  high  rank  as  a  scholar. 
After  being  an  assistant  teacher  in  the  Academy 
at  Andover,  and  studying  theology  witli  Mr. 
French,  he  was  settled  about  1794  as  the  minister 
of  Haverhill,  where  he  continued  eight  years. 
.i\ii  inadequate  sujjiiort  for  his  fomily  induced  him 
to  ask  a  dismission,  though  with  great  reluctance. 
He  was  soon  afterwards,  about  1802,  settled  in 
Beverly,  as  the  successor  of  Mr.  McKeen,  who  had 


been  cliosen  president  of  Bowdoin  College.  Tlio 
remainder  of  his  Ufc,  about  twenty-four  years,  was 
passed  in  Beverly  in  his  ministerial  ollice,  except 
when  his  labors  were  interru])te(l  by  sicluiess. 
He  passed  the  winter  of  1827-182H  in  and  near 
Charleston,  S.  C,  for  the  recovery  of  his  health. 
I'^arly  in  Feb.,  1828,  he  embarked  lor  Cuba, 
where  he  continued  three  months,  exjiloring 
different  parts  of  the  island,  and  making  a  dili- 
gent record  of  liis  observations  in  letters  to  iiis 
family  and  friends.  On  his  return,  he  sailed  from 
the  jiestilential  city  of  Havana,  with  his  health 
almost  restored.  He  preached  at  Charleston, 
June  1,  and  the  next  day  sailed  for  New  York. 
But,  although  able  to  go  on  deck  in  the  morning, 
he  died  at  noon,  June  7th,  just  as  the  vessel  came 
to  anchor  at  the  quarantine  ground  near  the  city 
of  New  York,  and  was  buried  on  Staten  Island. 
It  is  jirobable,  that  ho  was  a  victim  to  the  yellow 
fever,  the  contagion  of  which  he  received  at  Ha- 
vana.—  ])r.  Abbot  was  very  courteous  and  inter- 
esting in  social  intercourse,  and  was  eloquent  in 
preaching.  His  religious  sentiments  are  not 
particularly  explained  by  his  biographer,  who 
says,  that  he  belonged  "to  no  sect  but  that  of 
good  men."  llapjjy  are  all  they,  who  belong  to 
that  sect.  He  seems  to  hare  been,  in  his  last 
days,  extremely  solicitous  on  the  subject  of  reli- 
gious controversy.  In  the  love  of  peace  all  good 
men  will  agree  with  him,  and  doubtless  there  has 
been  much  controversy  concerning  nnim])ortant 
points,  conducted  too  in  an  unchristian  spirit;  but, 
in  this  world  of  error,  it  is  not  easy  to  imagine 
how  controversy  is  to  be  avoided.  If  the  truth 
is  assailed,  it  would  seem,  that  those  who  love  it, 
shoidd  engage  in  its  \indication ;  for  men  alway.s 
defend  against  unjust  assault  what  they  deem 
valuable.  Besides,  if  an  intelligent  and  benevo- 
lent man  thinks  his  neighbor  has  fallen  into  a 
dangerous  mistake,  why  should  he  not,  in  o 
friendly  debate,  endeavor  to  set  him  right '.'  \\n- 
pecially  ought  the  jireachers  of  truth  to  recom- 
mend it  to  others,  with  meekness  indeed  and  in 
love,  but  with  all  the  energy  whicli  its  relation  to 

(I) 


t 


2  ABBOT. 

.'^uman  happiness  demands.  AVhcn  this  is  done, 
tht  onemics  of  the  truth,  by  resisting  it,  will  j)re- 
sent  to  ;}'»  world  the  form  < T  rcb'gious  dissension. 
If  infidels  endeavor  to  subvert  the  foundations 
of  Christianity ;  if  corrupt  licretics  deny  tlie  plain 
doctrines  of  the  gospel ;  if  bewildered  enthusiasts 
bring  forward  their  whims  and  fancies  as  doc- 
trines revealed  from  heaven  j  shall  the  dread  of 
controversy  j)revent  the  exposure  of  their  false 
reasonings,  their  presumptuous  comments,  and 
their  delusive  and  perilous  imaginations? — Since 
the  death  of  Dr.  Abbot  and  the  settlement  of  liis 
Unitarian  successor,  many  of  the  congregation 
have  withdrawn  and  connected  themselves  with 
the  Second  Church  and  Society.  —  His  interesting 
and  valuable  letters  from  Cuba  were  jjublishcd 
after  his  death,  8vo.,  Boston,  1829.  lie  published 
also  artillery  election  sermon,  1802;  sermons  to 
mariners,  1812;  address  on  intemperance,  1815; 
sermon  before  the  Salem  Missionarj-  Society,  181G ; 
before  the  Bible  Society  of  Salem,  1817 ;  conven- 
tion sermon,  1827. — Flint's  Sermon;  Sketch  in 
Letters  from  Cuba. 

ABBOT,  John,  died  at  Andovcr,  the  place  of 
his  birth,  July  2,  1843,  aged  84.  Ho  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1754,  was  the  first  professor  of 
languages  at  Bowdoin  College,  and  for  many  years 
its  librarian  and  treasmer. 

ABBOT,  Benjasilx,  LL.  D.,  brother  of  the 
preceding,  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1788,  and 
died  in  Exeter  Oct.  25,  1849,  aged  87.  From 
1788  to  1838  he  was  the  highly  respected  prin- 
cipal of  Phillips'  Exeter  Academy.  Many  emi- 
nent men  were  his  pu])ils ;  and,  on  his  retire- 
ment in  1838,  they  united  in  a  testimonial  to  his 
merits. 

ABBOT,  Jacob,  died  at  Farmington,  Me.,  Jan. 
25, 1847,  aged  70  —  a  worthy  and  useful  man,  the 
father  of  distinguished  sons,  Jacob,  John,  Gor- 
ham,  and  Charles.  He  was  a  native  of  Andover : 
for  many  years  he  lived  in  Brunswick.  His  sons 
write  the  family  name,  Abbott. 

ABBOT,  Samuel,  was  born  in  Wilton,  N.  H., 
in  1780,  graduated  at  Harvard  in  18C8,  and  died 
in  1839.  He  invented  the  jjroccss  of  extracting 
and  clarifying  strach  from  the  jjotato. 

ABBOT,  Joiix  Ejieuy,  a  minister  in  Salem  ; 
died  in  1819,  aged  20.  He  was  a  graduate  of 
Bowdoin  in  1810.  His  sermons,  with  a  memoir 
by  H.  Ware,  were  published  in  1829. 

ABEEL,  John  Nelson,  1).  1).,  an  eloquent 
preacher,  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1787. 
He  relinquished  the  study  of  the  law,  which  be 
had  commenced  under  Judge  Patterson,  and  juir- 
Bued  the  study  of  divinity  with  Dr.  Livingston. 
He  was  licensed  to  j)reach  in  April,  1793.  After 
being  for  a  short  time  a  minister  of  a  Presby- 
terian church  in  Philadelj)bia,  he  was  in  1795 
installed  as  j)astorof  the  llcfonncd  Dutch  Church 
in  the  city  of  New  York.    He  died  Jan.  20, 1S12, 


ABERNETHEY. 

in  the  43d  year  of  his  age,  deeply  lamented  on 
account  of  his  una.ssuming,  amiable  manners,  and 
his  eloquence  as  a  i)reacher  of  t'lC  gospel.  V'ith 
a  discriminating  mind,  and  a  sweet  anr'  ■"lo- 
dious  voice,  and  his  soul  inflamed  with  ^  i  'eal, 
he  was  j)re-cminent  among  extemporane.  •;  ora- 
tors. In  i)er.*'orniing  bis  various  pastoral  duties 
he  was  indefatigable.  —  Oinin's  Funeral  Seriiion. 

ABEP^L,  David,  missionary  to  China,  died  at 
Albany,  Sejjt.  4,  1840,  aged  about  40.  He  em- 
barked at  New  York,  and  arrived  at  Canton  Feb. 
19, 1830,  and  at  Bankok  in  1831.  From  1833  to 
1839  he  was  from  ill  health  in  the  United  States, 
but  returned  to  Canton  in  1839.  In  1842  he 
commenced  a  mission  at  Amoy.  Ill  health  com- 
pelled his  return  to  America  in  1845.  He  was 
first  a  preacher  to  seamen  at  Canton;  then  a 
useful,  respected,  and  important  missionary. 

ABERCIIOMBIE,  James,  a  British  major-gen- 
eral, took  the  command  of  the  troops  asscml)led 
at  Albany  in  June,  1756,  bringing  over  with  him 
two  regiments.  It  was  proposed  to  attack  Crown 
Point,  Niagara,  and  Fort  Du  Quesne.  But  some 
difficulty  as  to  the  rank  of  the  pro\incial  troops 
occasioned  delay,  and  in  August  the  Earl  of 
Loudoun  took  the  command.  The  capture  of 
Oswego  by  Jlontcalm  disarranged  the  projected 
campaign.  In  1757  Montcalm  took  Fort  Wil- 
liam Henry ;  and  thus  the  French  commanded 
all  the  lakes.  The  British  spirit  was  now  roused. 
Mr.  Pitt  in  1758  placed  50,000  troops  under  the 
command  of  Abercrombie,  determined  to  recover 
the  places  which  had  been  captured  by  the 
French,  and  also  to  capture  Louisbom-g.  Aber- 
crombie, at  the  head  of  15,000  men,  proceeded 
against  Ticonderoga,  which  he  assaulted  injudi- 
ciously and  unsuccessfully,  July  8th.  with  the  loss 
of  nearly  2,000  men,  killed,  wounded,  and  missing. 
He  then  retired  to  his  intrenched  camp  on  the 
south  side  of  Lake  George.  An  expedition  which 
he  sent  out  against  Fort  Frontenac,  under  Col. 
Bradstreet,  was  successful.  He  was  soon  super- 
seded by  Amherst,  who  the  next  year  recovered 
Ticonderoga  and  Crown  Point,  and  ca])tured 
Quebec.  —  MiinsJiaU,  I. 'Uj'2-:>(\;  Holmes,  n.  82. 
Mante,  59,  107,  144,  101. 

ABEKCIlOMBIi;,  Jamks,  ]).  1).,  died  at  I'hil- 
adelj)bia,  June  20,  1S41,  aged  M.'i,  the  oldest  Ejiis- 
cojiul  minister  in  the  city.  He  liiul  been  a  teacher 
of  youth,  and  was  a  veneral)le  iliviiie. 

ABEIINETIIEY,  lloisiajT,  M.  D.,  died  in 
Woodbury,  Conn.,  Sept.  24,  liS51,  aged  77.  He 
was  the  son  of  Dr.  William  A.,  of  Harwinton, 
and  practised  physic  in  Woodbury  for  25  years. 
He  was  a  man  of  distinction,  and  the  delight  of 
his  friends ;  also  a  man  of  religion,  a  worthy  jjro- 
fessor  for  46  years,  loving  the  house  of  God  and 
the  assembly  of  Christians  for  conference  and 
prayer.  His  son,  John  J.  A.,  is  a  surgeon  in  the 
wxw. 


:<      I 


'ual, 
ora- 


lly lamented  on 
le  manners,  and 
gosjicl.     V'ith 
■eet  nnr' 
with  ,  i 
iporane. 
jvastoraJ  liuries 
\ueral  Sennon. 
China,  died  at 
40.    He  em- 
it Canton  Feb, 
From  1833  to 
United  States, 
In   1842  ho 
11  health  com- 
845.    He  was 
mton;   then  a 
ssionaiy. 
sh  major-pen- 
jps  assembled 
)vcr  with  him 
attack  Crown 
e.    But  some 
lincial  troops 
the  Earl  of 
e  capture  of 
:he  projected 
k  Fort  AVil- 
commanded 
now  roused. 
OS  under  the 
;d  to  recover 
red    by  the 
urg.    Aber- 
proceeded 
dted  injudi- 
ith  the  loss 
ind  missing, 
imp  on  the 
lition  which 
under  Col. 
ioon  super- 
recovered 
caj)turcd 
'es,  II.  82. 

d  at  I'hil- 

Ide.st  I'IjjIn- 

a  tcacjier 

•lied     in 

77.  He 
arwinton, 
25  years, 
elight  of 
rthy  pro- 
God  and 
;nce  and 
)h  in  the 


ACKLAXD. 

ACKLAXD,  John  D.,  major,  a  British  offi- 1 
cer,  was  at  the  head  of  the  grenadiers  on  the 
left,  in  tiie  acti<in  near  Stillwater,  Oct.  7,  1777. 
lie  lirnvoly  sustained  the  attack ;  but,  overpow- 
ered by  uuinl)ers,  the  IJritish  were  obliged  to 
retreat  to  their  cam]),  which  Mas  instantly  stormed 
bv  Arnold.  In  this  action,  Major  Aeklaud  was 
shot  through  the  legs,  and  taken  prisoner.  —  !Ic 
was  discovered  and  ])rotectcd  by  Wilkinson.  His 
devoted  wile,  in  the  utmost  distress,  sought  him 
in  the  American  caniji,  favored  with  a  letter  from 
Uurgoyne  to  Gates. — After  his  return  to  England, 
Major  Ackland,  in  a  disj)utc  with  Lieut.  I,loyd, 
defended  the  Americans  against  the  charge  of 
cowardice,  and  gave  him  the  lie  direct.  A  duel 
followed,  in  which  Ackland  was  shot  through  the 
head.  Lady  Harriet,  his  wife,  in  consequence 
lost  her  senses  for  two  years ;  but  she  afterwards 
married  Mr.  Brudenell,  who  acconi])nnied  her 
from  the  camp  at  Saratoga  in  her  ])erilous  ])ursuit 
of  her  husband.  When  will  there  cease  to  be 
victims  to  private  combat  and  ))ublic  war?  It 
will  be,  when  the  meek  and  benevolent  spirit  of 
the  gospel  shall  universally  reign  in  the  hearts 
of  men.  —  lir.mcmhrmiccr  for  1777,  p.  401, 4G5; 
Wilkin.vni'n  Memoirs,  200,  37(). 

ADAIJt,  Jamks,  a  trader  with  the  Indians  of 
the  Southern  States,  resided  in  their  country  forty 
years.  From  1735,  he  lived  almost  exclusively  in 
intercourse  with  the  Indians,  cut  off  from  the 
society  of  his  ciWlized  brethren,  chiefly  among 
the  Chickasaws,  with  whom  he  first  traded  in 
1744.  His  friends  persuaded  him  to  publish  a 
work,  which  he  had  jirepared  with  much  labor, 
entitled,  "  The  History  of  the  American  Indians ; 
particularly  those  nations  adjoining  the  Missis- 
si])pi,  East  and  West;  Florida,  Georgia,  South 
and  North  Carolina,  and  Virginia.  London,  4to, 
1775."  In  this  book  he  points  out  various  cus- 
toms of  the  Indians,  having  a  striking  resemblance 
to  those  of  the  Jews.  His  arguments  to  prove 
them  descended  from  the  Jews  are  founded  on 
their  division  into  tribes;  their  worship  of  Je- 
hovah; their  festivals,  fasts,  and  religious  rites; 
their  daily  sacrifice;  their  i)rophcts  and  high 
priests;  their  cities  of  refuge;  their  marriages 
and  divorces ;  their  burial  of  the  dead,  and 
mourning  for  them ;  their  language  and  choice 
of  names  adapted  to  circumstances ;  their  manner 
of  reckoning  time ;  and  various  other  particulars. 
Some  distrust  seems  to  have  fallen  ujjon  his 
statements,  although  he  says  that  -his  account  is 
"  neither  disfigured  by  fable  nor  jjrejudice."  Dr. 
Boudinot,  in  his  "  Star  in  the  West,"  has  adopted 
the  o])inions  of  Adair. 

AD.VIU,  Joii.\,  general,  died  May  19,  1810, 
aged  82,  at  Harrodsburg,  Ky.  He  was  a  soldier  in 
the  early  nortli-w(.'sterti  wars,  and  commanded  the 
Kentucky  troops  at  New  Orleans  in  1814.  He 
was  a  senator  in  1805,  and  a  representative  in 
congress  in  1831, 


ADAMS.  3 

AD.VMS,  Wii.MASf,  the  second  minister  of 
Dedham,  was  the  son  of  W.  A.,  and  bora  in 
1050,  at  Ipswich:  he  died  Aug.  17,  1085,  aged 
35.  He  graduated  in  1()71,  and  was  ordained  as 
Mr.  Allen's  successor,  Dec.  3,  1073.  By  his  first 
wife,  Mary  Manning  of  Cambridge,  he  had  three 
children,  one  of  whom  was  Hev.  I'Uijihalet  A. 
His  second  wife  was  Alice  Bradford,  daughter  of 
William  B.,  and  grand-daughter  of  Gov.  Brad- 
ford, of  Plymouth ;  by  her  he  had  Elizabeth, 
who  married,  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  Bev.  S. 
Whiting,  of  Windham,  afterwards  llcv.  S.  Xiles; 
Alice,  who  married  Bev.  N.  Collins,  of  Enfield ; 
William;  and  Abial,  bom  after  his  death,  who 
married  Bev.  J.  Metcalf,  of  Falmouth.  His 
widow  married  James  Fitch.  He  published  a 
fast  sermon,  1079;  an  election  sermon,  1085. 

ADAMS,  Emmiaijct,  son  of  the  preceding, 
an  eminent  minister  of  New  London,  Conn.,  wos 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1094.  He  was 
ordained  Feb.  9,  1709,  and  died  Oct.  4,  1753, 
aged  70.  Dr.  Chauncey  speaks  of  him  as  a  great 
Hebrician.  —  His  son  William,  graduated  at  Yale 
in  1730,  and  died  in  1798,  haring  been  a  preacher 
sixty  years,  b«t  never  settled  nor  married ;  ho 
published  a  thanksgiving  sermon,  1700. — He  pub- 
lished a  sermon,  1700,  on  the  death  of  Bev.  James 
Noyes  of  Stonington ;  election  sermons,  1710  and 
1783;  a  discourse  occasioned  by  a  storm,  March 
3,  1717  ;  a  thanksgiving  sermon,  1721 ;  a  sennon 
on  the  death  of  Gov.  Saltonstall,  1724;  at  the 
ordination  of  William  Gager,  Lebanon,  May  27, 
1725;  of  Thomas  Clap,  Windham,  1720;  and  a 
discourse  before  young  men,  1727. 

AD.\MS,  John,  a  poet,  was  the  only  son  of 
John  Adams,  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  was  graduated 
at  Harvard  College  in  1721.  He  was  settled  in 
the  ministry  at  Newport,  B.  I.,  Ajnil  11,  1728,  in 
opposition  to  the  wishes  of  Mr.  Clap,  who  waa 
jjastor.  Mr.  Clajj's  friends  formed  a  new  society, 
and  Mr.  Adams  was  dismissed  in  about  two 
years.  Ho  died  at  Cambridge  in  Jan.,  1740, 
at  the  age  of  30,  deej)ly  lamented  by  his  ac- 
quaintance. He  was  much  distinguished  for  his 
learning,  genius,  and  ])iety.  As  a  preacher  ho 
was  much  esteemed.  His  uncle,  Matthew  Ad- 
ams, describes  him  as  "  master  of  nine  languages," 
and  conversant  with  the  most  famous  Greek, 
Lat:!'.,  Italian,  I'rench,  and  Spanish  authors,  as 
well  as  with  the  noblest  l^nglish  writers.  He 
also  speaks  of  his  "  great  and  undissembled  piety, 
which  ran,  like  a  vein  of  gold,  through  all  his 
life  and  ])erformanccs." — He  published  a  sermon 
on  his  ordination,  172H,  and  a  jiocm  on  the  love 
of  money.  A  small  volume  of  his  jjoems  was 
published  at  Boston,  in  1745,  which  contains  imi- 
tations and  paraphrases  of  several  portions  of 
Scripture,  translations  from  Horace,  and  the 
whole  book  of  Bevelation  hi  heroic  verse,  to- 
gether with  original  pieces.    The  versilication  is 


ADAMS. 


ADAMS. 


remarkably  hannonious  for  the  period  and  the 
country.  Mr.  Adams'  j)rodiictioiis  evince  a  lively 
fancy,  and  breathe  a  iiioiw  Ktrain.  'i'lie  lollowin); 
ib  an  extract  from  his  poem  on  Cotton  Mather : 

*'  Whttt  numrnius  volumes  srattoml  from  Iiis  Imnil, 
LiKlitciicil Ills  (iwii,  unci  Hnniu'l  oiicli  fimigii  lauU? 
Wliiit  plouH  liri'ntliiiiKH  of  iv  (flowing  »oul 
Llvo  in  cacli  ]mf^\  anil  tininuitc  tlio  wliolt*? 
Tlic  lirefttli  of  iioiivni  tiio  savory  page.-*  8lio^, 
As  wo  Aritti:i  from  Us  apices  know. 
AmliiliouH,  (iclivc,  towcrioKwiiH  liio  soul, 
Ilut  tluming  pliit>'  innpircd  tljo  wliolo.-' 

—  Mass.  Mfifiazine  fur  April,  1789;  Dnchis' 
Hint.  Ahridtjcd,  loH;  Vrcfuvc  to  his  I'ocms; 
Spcciinen.i  of  American  I'dclnj,  I.  G7. 

ADAMS,  Mattiikw,  a  distinguished  writer  in 
Boston,  thoiif^h  a  nicehanic  or  "  tradesman,"  yet 
had  a  handsome  collection  of  books,  and  culti- 
vated literature.  Dr.  Franklin  acknowledges  his 
obligations  for  access  to  his  library,  lie  was  one 
of  the  writers  of  the  Essays  in  the  New  England 
Journal,  lie  died  jioor,  but  with  a  rejMitation 
more  durable  than  an  estate,  in  l".j3.  —  Ills  son, 
l{ev.  John  Adams,  a  graduate  of  17-1.),  Avas  the 
minister  of  Durham,  N.  II.,  from  174S  to  177S. 
By  a  grant  of  100  acres  of  land,  he  was  induced 
to  remove  to  the  small  plantation  of  Washington, 
or  Xewfield,  county  of  York,  ^Ic.,  having  only 
five  families,  in  Feb.,  1781.  Here  he  passed 
the  remainder  of  his  life,  preaching  and  prac- 
tising physic  in  Newfield,  Limington,  Parsons- 
field,  and  Limerick,  till  his  death,  June  4,  1792, 
aged  CO.  lie  was  subject,  occasionally,  to  a  deep 
dejjression  of  feeling ;  and,  at  other  times,  was 
borne  away  by  a  sudden  excitement,  which  gave 
animation  to  his  ])rcaching.  A  fine  letter  from 
Durham  to  the  tovni  of  Boston  in  1774,  with  a 
donation,  was  written  by  him.  —  Eliot:  Green- 
lec/'.f  Ecclesiastical  History  of  Maine,  113. 

ADAMS,  Asios,  minister  of  Koxbury,  Mass., 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  in  1702.  He 
was  ordained  as  successor  to  Mr.  Pcabody,  Sept. 
12, 1753,  and  died  at  Dorchester,  Oct.  5, 1770,  aged 
47,  of  the  dysentery,  which  ])revailed  in  the  camp 
at  Cambridge  and  Uoxbury.  His  son,  Thomas 
Adams,  was  ordained  in  Boston  as  minister  for 
Camden,  S.  C,  where,  after  a  residence  of  eight 
years,  he  died  Aug.  16,  1797. 

Mr.  Adams,  in  early  life,  devoted  himself  to 
the  service  of  his  Iledecmer ;  and  he  contiimed 
hia  benevolent  labors  as  a  preacher  of  the  gosj)el 
with  imabated  vigor  till  his  death.  He  was  fer- 
vent in  devotion ;  and  his  discoiu-ses,  always  ani- 
mated by  a  lively  and  cxjjressive  action,  were 
remarkably  calculated  to  warm  the  heart.  He 
was  steadlast  in  liis  principles,  and  miwearied  in 
industry. 

He  published  the  following  sermons :  On  the 
death  of  Lucy  Dudley,  1706  j  at  the  artillery 
election,  1759;  on  a  thanksgiving  for  the  reduc- 
tion of  Quebec,  1709  j  at  the  ordination  of  S. 


lodged  in 


Kingsbury,  Edgartown,  Xov.  20,  1701 ;  at  the 
ordination  of  John  Wyeth,  (Jloucester,  Feb.  5, 
1766 ;  the  only  hoiie  and  refuge  of  Muners,  1767  ; 
two  discourses  on  religious  lil)erty,  1767;  a  view 
of  New  I'^nglaud,  in  two  discourses  on  the  fast, 
-Vjjril  6,  1769;  sermons  at  the  ordination  of  Jon- 
athan >foore,  Rochester,  Se])t.  20,  176H,  and  of 
Calci)  I'rentice,  Beading,  Oct.  20,  1769.  Ho 
])rcached  the  Dudleian  h^ctiire  of  Harvard  Col- 
lege in  1770,  entitled,  "Diocesan  Episcopacy,  as 
founded  on  the  8U])posed  Ej)iscopacy  of  Timothy 
and  Titus,  subverted."  This  work  is  a  specimen  • 
of  the  learning  of  the  writer.  It  is 
mnnuscrii)t  in  the  library  of  the  college. 

ADAMS,  JosKPH,  minister  of  Newington,  N. 
IL,  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1710, 
was  ordained  in  1710,  and  died  in  1783,  aged 
almost  90,  —  a  descendant  of  1  lenry  A.,  of  Quincy. 
Ho  preached  till  just  before  his  death.  He  pub- 
lished a  sermon  on  the  death  of  John  Fabian, 
1707;  and  a  sermon  on  the  necessity  of  rulers 
exerting  themselves  against  the  growth  of  im- 
piety, 1760. 

ADAMS,  Zabdikl,  minister  of  Lunenburg, 
Mass.,  was  born  in  Braintree,  now  Qixincy,  Nov.  5, 
1739.  His  father  was  the  uncle  of  John  Adams. 
He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1709, 
having  made  while  in  that  seminary  great  profi- 
ciency in  learning,  and  much  improved  the  vigor- 
ous powers  of  mind  vriih  which  he  was  endued. 
He  was  ordained  Sept.  0,  1764,  and  died  ]March 
1,  1801,  in  the  62d  year  of  his  age,  and  37th 
of  his  ministry. 

Mr.  Adams  was  eminent  as  a  preacher  of  the 
gospel,  often  explaining  the  most  important  doc- 
trines in  a  rational  and  scriptural  manner,  and 
enforcing  them  with  j)liunness  and  pungency. 
His  language  was  nervous;  and,  while  in  his 
public  ])crformances  he  gave  instruction,  he  also 
imparted  pleasure.  In  his  addresses  to  the  throne 
of  grace  he  was  remarkable  for  pertinency  of 
thought  and  readiness  of  utterance.  Though  by 
bodily  constitution  he  was  liable  to  irritation,  yet 
he  treasured  no  ill  will  in  his  bosom.  His  heart 
was  easily  touched  by  the  aflUctions  of  others,  and 
his  sympathy  and  benevolence  prompted  him  to 
administer  relief,  when  in  his  power.  About  the 
year  1774  he  wrote  a  pamphlet,  maintaining, 
without  authority  from  the  platform  of  1C48,  that 
a  pastor  has  a  negative  upon  the  proceedings  of 
the  Church.  Some  ministers,  who  embraced  his 
principles,  lost  by  consequence  their  j)arishes. 
He  jjreached  the  Dudleian  lecture  on  Presbyterian 
ordination  in  1794.  —  He  jiubhshed  a  sermon  on 
church  music,  1771;  on  Christian  unity,  1772; 
the  election  sermon,  1782;  on  the  19th  of  April, 
1783;  at  the  ordination  of  Enoch  Whipple,  1788. 
—  Whitnet/'s  Funeral  Sermon. 

ADAMS,  Andrew,  LL.  I).,  chief  justice  of 
Connecticut,  was  appointed  to  that  pLice  in  1793, 


/:« 


f    5  1 


ADiUIS. 


ADAMS. 


Imvinjf  l)ccn  upon  the  boiuh  with  rrpiitation  m  n  j 
jiiclfjc  from  ITHI).     He  wun  ii  imlivc  ol'  StriUtord, , 
II  ((rnduiitc  of  Yak-  Collc'tji'  in  17(i(),  mid  ii  mcni- 
licr  of  ('on)?ri'sK  n'loiit  tlic  ynir  17H2.     lie  re- 
si.k-d  at  Lltchlii'kl,  uiid  died  Nov.  lid,  1707,  ngcd 
01  yearn. 

AI).\MS,  SaMI  r.I„  f^overiior  of  Massaeluisetts, 
niid  a  most  distiiipjiiislied  patriot  in  tlie  Aniencon 
llevoltition,  was  horn  in  iloston  Sejit.  Hi,  ().  S., 
17'J2.  His  fatiicr,  Saniurl,  the  Hon  of  Jolni  and 
Hannah  A.,  was  Imru  in  KiHil,  and  died  in  1717, 
wliose  wife  was  Mary  Filicld.  Mr.  S.  A.  married 
in  174!)  I'llizalieth,  daufjliler  of  J{i'\.  S.  C'heckley; 
and  his  second  wife  in  17(il,  F,ii/alielli,daiif,'liter  of 
l''ranc'is  Wells.  He  was  gradnated  at  Harvard 
College  in  17 10.  Wlirn  he  eomnieneed  master  of 
arts  in  17-i;J,  ho  jiroposed  tlio  following  question 
for  discussion :  "  Whether  it  be  lawful  to  resist  the 
supreme  magistrate,  if  the  Commonweallh  cannot 
otherwise  he  i)reserved  ?  "  He  maintained  the 
ailirmativc,  and  thus  early  sliowcd  hiu  attachment 
to  the  liherties  of  the  i)eo|)le. 

Early  <listinguished  hy  talents  as  a  writer,  his 
first  attempts  were  jn'oofs  of  his  filial  ])iety.  Ity 
his  cfl'ortH  he  preserved  tlio  estate  of  his  father, 
which  had  heeii  attached  on  account  of  an  eiigagc- 
niciit  in  the  land  hank  hiililile.  He  was  known 
as  a  political  writer  (hiring  tlu  adniiiUNtration  of 
Shirley,  to  which  he  was  opposed,  as  he  tliought 
the  unfon  of  so  much  civil  and  military  jKiwer  in 
one  man  was  dangerous.  His  ingenuity,  wit,  and 
profound  argument  are  spoken  of  with  the  high- 
est respect  hy  those,  who  were  contemporary  with 
him.  At  this  early  jieriod  he  laid  the  founda- 
tion of  public  confidence  and  este(!m.  His  first 
oflicc  of  ta.vgatherer  made  him  aciiuainted  with 
every  shipwright  and  mechanic  in  liostoii,  and 
over  their  minds  he  ever  retained  a  jjowerful  iii- 
fhicnce.  I'rom  this  cmjiloyment  the  enemies  of 
hhcrty  styled  him  Samuel,  the  Vublican. 

In  170.5  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  (if  Massachusetts,  in  the  place  of 
Oxenbridge  Thaclier,  deceased.  He  was  soon 
chosen  clerk,  and  he  gradually  acipiired  influence 
in  the  Legislature.  'I'liis  was  an  eventful  time. 
Jlut  Mr.  Adams  ])ossessed  a  courage,  which  no 
dangers  could  shake.  Ho  was  undismayed  by 
the  prospect,  which  struck  terror  into  the  hearts 
of  many.  He  was  n  member  of  the  Legislature 
nearly  ten  years,  and  he  was  the  soul,  wliich  mii- 
m:Ue(l  it  to  the  most  inii)ortaiit  resolutions.  No 
man  did  so  much.  He  pressed  iiis  measures  with 
ardor;  yet  he  was  ])nidentj  he  knew  how  to 
bend  the  jiassions  of  others  to  his  purpose.  Gov. 
Hutchinson  relates  that,  at  a  town  meeting  in 
1700,  an  objection  having  been  made  to  a  moti(ni 
because  it  imjilied  an  independency  of  ])arlia- 
meiit,  Mr.  Adams,  then  a  rejjresenlative,  coii- 
ehided  his  siieecii  with  these  words :  "  Indcijciid- 
ent  we  are,  and  independent  wo  will  be."    He 


represents,  too,  that  Mr.  Adams,  by  a  defolcation 
as  collector,  had  injured  his  character;  but  he 
adds:  "The  benclit  to  the  town  from  his  defence 
of  their  liberties  he  supposed  an  ('([iiivalent  to 
his  arrears  as  their  collector."  As  a  political 
writer  he  deenud  biin  the  most  artful  and  insin- 
uating of  all  men,  whom  he  ever  knew,  and  the 
mo;it  successful  in  "  robbing  men  of  their  char- 
acters," or  "cahunniatlng  governors,  and  other 
servants  of  tlu;  crown." 

When  the  charter  was  dissolved,  he  was  chosen 
a  member  of  the  I'rovincial  Convention.  In  1774 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  General  Con- 
gress. In  this  station,  in  whicii  he  remained  a 
number  of  years,  he  rendered  the  most  impor- 
tant services  to  his  country.  His  eloquence  was 
adapted  to  the  times,  in  wliitli  he  lived.  The 
energy  of  his  hiugiiagc  corresponded  with  the 
firmness  and  ngor  of  his  mind.  His  heart 
glowed  with  the  feelings  of  a  patriot,  and  his 
eloquence  was  simple,  majestic,  and  iiersuasive. 
He  was  one  of  the  most  efHcient  members  of 
Congress.  Ho  possessed  keen  penetration,  i,n- 
shuken  fortitude,  and  jjcrmanent  dccihion.  Gor- 
don speaks  of  him  in  1774  as  having  for  a  long 
time  whispered  to  his  confidential  friends,  that 
this  country  must  bo  hidependcnt.  Walking  in 
tiie  fields,  the  day  after  the  battle  of  Lexing- 
ton, ho  said  to  a  friend;  "It  is  a  fine  day, —  I 
mean,  this  day  is  a  glorious  day  for  America." 
He  doomed  the  blow  to  bo  struck,  which  would 
lead  to  hulependenco.  Li  the  last  ofKcial  act 
of  the  British  government  in  Massachusetts  he 
was  proscribed  with  John  Hancock,  when  a  gen- 
eral jiardon  was  ofi'ered  to  all  who  bad  rebelled. 
This  act  was  dated  June  12,  1775,  and  it  teaches 
Americans  what  they  owe  to  the  denomiced 
patriot. 

In  1770  he  united  with  Franklin,  J.  Adams, 
Hancock,  Jeflerson,  and  a  host  of  worthies  in 
declaring  the  United  States  no  longer  an  ap- 
pendage to  a  monarchy,  but  free  and  independent. 

When  the  constitution  of  ^lassachusetts  was 
adopted,  he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  Senate, 
of  which  body  ho  was  elected  ])resident.  He 
was  soon  sent  to  the  western  counties  to  quiet  a 
disturbance,  whicli  was  rising,  and  '.,c  was  suc- 
cessful in  his  mission.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
convention  for  examining  the  constitution  of  the 
United  States.  He  made  objections  to  .several 
of  its  provisions ;  but  his  ])rincipal  objection  was 
to  that  article,  which  rendered  the  several  States 
amenable  to  the  courts  of  the  nation.  He  thought 
this  reduced  them  to  mere  cor])orations ;  that  the 
sovereignty  of  each  would  1)0  dissolved ;  and  that 
a  consolidated  government,  sujiported  by  an 
army,  would  be  the  consequence.  The  consti- 
tution was  afterwards  altered  in  this  jioint,  and 
in  most  other  respects  according  to  his  wishes. 

In   1789  he  was  chosen    lieutenant-governor, 


6 


ADAMS. 


'     ^ 


and  was  continued  in  this  ofTico  till  1704,  wlicn 
he  woH  elected  governor,  as  successor  to  Mr. 
Hancock.  He  was  annually  replaced  in  the  chair 
of  the  first  maf^istratc  of  MassachusettH  till  1797, 
when  his  nfj;e  and  infirmities  induced  liiin  to  retire 
from  public  life.  He  died  Oct.  2,  IHO.'t,  in  the 
82d  year  of  his  ago.  His  only  son,  of  the  same 
name,  was  born  in  17.11,  j^rnduated  nt  Harvard 
Colle};e  in  1770,  and,  alter  studyitif,'  under  Dr. 
JoKe])h  Warren,  served  his  country  as  a  surf^eon 
duriiiff  the  war.  Keturning  home  with  a  broken 
constitution,  he  at  lenj^th  died  Jan.  17,  1788. 
The  avails  of  his  claims  for  services  in  the  army 
gave  his  father  a  comiietciicy  in  his  decliniii}; 
years. 

The  leadin<^  traits  in  the  character  of  Mr.  Ad- 
ams were  an  unconquerable  love  of  liberty,  in- 
tegrity, firnniess,  and  decision.  Some  acts  of  his 
administration  as  eliief  mafjistrate  were  censured, 
though  nil  allowed,  that  his  motives  were  j)ure. 
A  division  in  poHtical  sentiments  at  that  time 
existed,  and  afterwards  increased.  AVhen  he  dif- 
fered from  the  majority,  he  acted  with  great  inde- 
pendence. At  the  close  of  the  war  he  op])osed 
peace  with  Great  ISritain,  unless  the  Northern 
States  retained  their  full  privileges  in  the  fisheries. 
In  1787  he  advised  the  execution  of  the  condign 
punishment,  to  which  the  leaders  of  the  rebellion 
in  1780  had  been  sentenced.  It  was  his  settled 
judgment,  that  in  a  rejHiblic,  de])ending  for  its 
existence  upon  the  intelligence  and  virtue  of  the 
peojjle,  the  law  should  be  rigidly  enforced.  At- 
tached to  the  old  confederation,  he  often  gave  as 
a  toast  —  "The  States  united,  and  the  States 
separated."  lie  was  opposed  to  the  treaty  with 
Great  Britain,  made  by  Mr.  Jay  in  1794,  and  he 
put  his  election  to  hazard  by  avowing  his  dislike 
of  it.  The  three  topics,  on  which  he  delighted  to 
dwell,  were  British  thraldom,  the  manners,  laws, 
and  customs  of  New  England,  and  the  impor- 
tance of  common  schools. 

Mr.  Adams  was  a  man  of  incorruptible  integ- 
rity. Gov.  Hutchinson,  in  an.swer  to  the  inquiry 
"Why  Mr.  Adams  was  not  taken  off  from  his 
opposition  by  an  office?"  writes  to  a  friend  in 
England,  "Such  is  the  obstinacy  and  inflexible 
disposition  of  the  man,  that  ho  never  can  be  con- 
ciliated by  any  of  lice  or  gift  whatever." 

Ho  was  ])oor.  AVhilo  occu])ied  abroad  in  the 
most  important  and  responsible  jjublic  duties,  the 
partner  of  his  cares  sujiported  the  family  at  home 
by  her  industry.  Though  liis  resources  were  very 
small,  yet,  such  were  the  economy  and  dignity  of 
his  house,  that  those,  who  visited  him,  found 
nothing  mean  or  unbecomijig  his  station.  His 
country,  to  whose  interests  he  devoted  his  life, 
permitted  him  to  remain  j)oor ;  but  there  w-ere 
not  wanting  a  few  friends,  who  showed  him  their 
regard.  In  this  honorable  jioverty  ho  continued 
to  a  very  late  period  of  liis  life ;  and  had  not  a 


ADAMS. 

decent  competency  fallen  into  his  hands  by  the 
very  afllictuig  event  of  the  death  of  an  only  son, 
ho  nnist  have  dejiended  for  fcubsistence  ujjon  the 
kindness  of  his  friends,  or  the  charity  of  the 
public. 

To  a  majestic  countenance  and  dignified  man- 
ners there  was  added  a  suavity  of  temper,  which 
conciliated  the  afl'ection  of  his  acquaintance.  Some, 
who  disa])])roved  of  his  jjolitical  conduct,  loved 
and  revered  him  as  a  neighbor  and  friend.  He 
could  readily  relax  from  severer  cares  and  studies 
to  enjoy  the  pleasures  of  private  conversation. 
Though  somewhat  reserved  among  strangers,  yet 
with  his  friends  he  was  cheerful  and  comjian- 
ionablc,  a  lover  of  chaste  wit,  and  remarkably 
fond  of  anecdote.  He  faithfully  discharged  the 
duties  arising  from  the  relations  of  social  life. 
His  house  was  the  seat  of  domestic  peace,  regu- 
larity, and  method. 

Mr.  Adams  was  a  Christian.  His  mind  was 
early  imbued  with  piety,  as  well  as  cultivated  by 
science.  He  early  approached  the  table  of  the 
Lord  Jesus,  and  the  purity  of  his  life  witnessed 
the  sincerity  of  his  profession.  On  the  Christian 
Sabbath  he  constantly  went  to  the  temple  ;  and 
the  morning  and  evening  devotions  in  his  family 
jjroved,  that  his  religion  attended  him  in  his  sea- 
sons of  retirement  from  the  world.  His  senti- 
ments were  strictly  Cahinistic.  The  platform  of 
the  New  England  churches  he  deemed  an  ample 
guide  in  all  matters  of  ecclesiastical  discipline 
and  order.  The  last  production  of  his  jien  was 
in  favor  of  Christian  truth.  He  died  m  the  faith 
of  the  gospel. 

He  was  a  sage  and  a  patriot.  The  independ- 
ence of  the  United  States  of  America  is  j)erhap8 
to  be  attributed  as  much  to  his  exertions,  as  to 
the  exertions  of  any  one  man.  Though  he  was 
called  to  struggle  with  adversity,  he  was  never 
discouraged.  He  was  consistent  and  firm  under 
the  cruel  neglect  of  a  friend  and  the  malignant 
rancor  of  an  enemy;  comforting  himself  in  the 
darkest  seasons  with  reflections  upon  the  wisdom 
and  goodness  of  God. 

Mr.  John  Adams  speaks  of  him  in  the  follow- 
ing terms :  "  The  talents  and  virtues  of  that  great 
man  were  of  the  most  exalted,  though  not  of  the 
most  showy  kind.  His  love  of  his  country,  his 
exertions  in  her  service  through  a  long  course  of 
years,  through  the  administrations  of  the  gov- 
ernors Shirley,  I'ownall,  Bernard,  Hutchinson, 
and  Gage,  imdor  the  royal  govcniment  and 
through  the  whole  of  the  subsecjucnt  revolution, 
and  always  in  support  of  the  same  principles; 
his  inflexible  integrity,  liis  disinterestedness,  his 
invariable  resolution,  his  sagacity,  his  jiatiencc, 
perseverance,  and  ])uro  public  virtue  were  not 
exceeded  by  any  man's  in  America.  A  collection 
of  his  writings  would  be  as  curious  as  voluminous. 
It  would  throw  light  upon  American  history  for 


::as^ 


ADAMS. 


ADAMS, 


fifty  years.  In  it  woulil  be  found  Hjwcimcns  of  n 
nt'rvouH  Himi)licify  of  rcnsoninf;  nnd  cloqiionct', 
that  have  ni'vcr  hoc-n  rivalled  in  America." 

His  writings  exist  only  in  the  perishable  col- 
umns of  a  newsimjier  or  jiamjihlet.  In  his  more 
advanced  life,  in  the  year  1"!K),  a  few  letters 
passed  between  him  and  John  Adams,  in  which 
the  jirinciples  of  >;overnment  are  discussed ;  and 
there  seems  to  have  been  some  difference  of  sen- 
timent between  those  eminent  patriots  and  states- 
men, who  had  toiled  together  through  the  Uevo- 
lution.  This  corrcsiKindence  was  jjublished  in 
1800.  An  oration,  wliich  >Ir.  Adams  delivered 
at  the  State  House  in  Philadeljihia  Aug.  1,  1776, 
vva«  published.  The  object  is  to  support  Ameri- 
can Indejjendencc,  the  declaration  of  which  by 
Congress  had  been  made  a  short  time  before. 
He  op])oses  kingly  government  and  hereditary 
succession  with  warmth  and  energy.  Not  long 
before  liis  death  he  addressed  a  letter  to  I'aine, 
exjjressuig  his  disa])probation  of  that  unbeliever's 
attem])ts  to  injure  the  cause  of  Christianity. — 
Thachcr's  Sermon ;  Sullivfni'n  churadcr  of  him 
in  public  papers  ;  Polijanthos,  ill.  73-82 ;  Gor- 
don, I.  347,  410;  Brissot,  Noiw.  Voij.,  i.  151; 
Thnchcr'x  Medical  Biography ;  Hutchinson's 
Lust  History,  265 ;  Eliot's  Biographical  Dic- 
iionarij ;  Encyclopwdia  Americana,  and  Ilees. 

ADAMS,  JoiLN,  president  of  the  United  States, 
was  bom  at  Brainti.eo,  Mass.,  Oct.  19,  1735,  O.S., 
or  Oct.  .'JOth,  present  style.  His  father,  John, 
■was  a  deacon  of  the  church,  a  farmer,  and  a 
mechanic,  and  died  May  25,  1761,  aged  69;  his 
grandfather,  Joseph,  died  Feb.  12,  1737,  aged 
82;  his  great-grandfather,  Joseph,  was  born  in 
England,  and  died  at  Braintree  Dec.  6,  1697, 
aged  63 ;  the  father  of  this  ancestor  was  Henry, 
who,  as  the  inscription  on  his  monument,  erected 
by  John  Adams,  says, "  took  his  flight  from  the 
Dragon  Persecution,  in  Devonshire,  England,  and 
alighted  with  eight  sons  near  Mount  WoUaston." 
Of  these  sons  foul'  removed  to  Mcdfield  and  the 
neighboring  towns,  and  t\vo  to  Chelmsford.  The 
year  of  Henry's  arrival  at  Braintree,  now  Quincy, 
is  not  known,  but  is  supposed  to  be  1632 ;  he 
died  Oct.  8,  1646.  His  ancestry  has  been  traced 
uj)  si.\  or  seven  hundred  years  to  John  Ap  Adam, 
of  the  Marches  of  Wales. 

John  Adams,  while  a  member  of  Harvard  Col- 
lege, where  he  was  graduated  in  1755,  was  dis- 
tinguished by  diligence  in  his  studies,  by  boldness 
of  thought,  and  by  the  powers  of  his  mind. 
Wliile  ho  studied  law  at  Worcester  with  Col. 
James  Putnam,  an  able  lawyer  in  extensive  prac- 
tice, from  1755  to  1758,  he  instructed  pujnls  in 
Latin  and  Greek,  as  a  means  of  subsistence. 
At  this  early  period  he  had  imbibed  a  prejudice 
against  the  prevailing  religious  opinions  of  New 
England,  and  became  attached  to  speculations 
hostile  to  those  opuiinus.    Nor  were  his  views 


afterwards  dumped.  I'erhaps  tlie  religious  nen- 
finients  of  most  men  become  settled  at  as  early  a 
])eri(id  of  their  lives.  If  therefore  the  cherished 
views  of  Ciiristianity  have  any  relation  to  prac- 
tice and  to  one's  destiny  hereafter;  with  what 
sobriety,  candor,  and  diligence,  and  with  what 
earnestness  of  jirayer  for  light  and  guidance  from 
above  (uight  every  young  man  to  investigate  re- 
vealed truth  ?  In  A])ril,  1756,  he  was  deliberating 
as  to  his  profession.  Some  friends  advised  him 
to  study  theology.  In  a  few  months  afterwards 
he  fixed  u])on  the  j)rofession  of  law.  He  had 
not  "  the  highest  o])inion  of  what  is  called  Or- 
thodoxy." He  had  known  a  young  man,  worthy 
of  the  best  parish,  despised  for  being  susjjccted 
of  Arminianism.  He  was  more  desirous  of  being 
an  eminent,  honorable  lawyer,  than  of  "  heading 
the  whole  army  of  Orthodox  preaeliers."  In  a 
letter  to  Dr.  Morse  in  1815  he  says:  "Sixty-iivo 
years  ago  my  own  minister, Uev.  Lemuel  Bryant; 
Dr.  Mayhew,  of  the  West  Church  in  Boston; 
Rev.  Mr.  Shute,  of  Ilingham;  Kev.  John  Brown, 
of  Cohasset ;  and  perhaps  equal  to  all,  if  not 
above  all,  Kev.  Mr.  Gay,  of  Ilingham,  were  Uni- 
tarians. Anong  the  laity  how  many  could  I 
name,  lawyers,  jjhysicians,  tradesmen,  and  farmers  ? 
More  than  fifty-six  years  ago  I  read  Dr.  S. 
Clarke,  Emlyn,  etc." 

In  Oct.,  1758,  Mr.  Adams  jffesented  himself — 
a  stranger,  jioor  and  friendless  —  to  Jeremy 
Gridley,  of  Boston,  attorney-general  of  the 
crown,  to  ask  of  him  the  favor  to  offer  him  to 
the  Superior  Court  of  the  jirovince,  then  sitting, 
for  admission  to  the  bar.  Mr.  Gridley  examined 
him  in  his  office,  and  recommended  him  to  the 
court ;  and  at  the  same  time  gave  him  excellent 
paternal  advice.  For  his  kindness  Mr.  Adams 
was  ever  grateful,  and  was  afterwards  his  intimate 
personal  and  professional  friend.  As  Mr.  Gridley 
was  grand  master  of  the  Massachusetts  Grand 
Lodge  of  Free  Masons,  ^Ir.  Adams  once  asked 
his  advice,  whether  it  was  worth  his  while  to  be- 
come a  member  of  the  society ;  tho  reply  of  the 
grand  master  was,  "  No  " ;  adding,  ihat  he  did 
not  need  the  artificial  sujjport  of  the  society,  and 
that  there  was  "  nothing  in  the  Masonic  Institu- 
tion worthy  of  his  seeking  to  be  associated  with 
it."  In  consequence  of  this  advice  he  never 
sought  admission  to  the  lodge. 

Mr.  Adams  commenced  the  practice  of  the  law 
at  Quincy,  then  in  the  county  of  Suffolk,  and 
soon  had  a  sufficiency  of  lucrative  business.  In 
1<61  he  was  admitted  to  the  degree  of  barrister- 
at-law.  In  this  year  a  small  estate  became  his 
by  the  decease  of  his  lather.  At  this  period  his 
zeal  for  the  rights  of  his  country  was  inflamed  by 
the  attempt  of  the  British  cabinet  to  introduce  in 
Massachusetts  writs  of  assistance  —  a  kind  of 
general  search-warrant  for  the  discovery  of  goods 
not  discharged   from  the  parliamentoi-y  taxes. 


8 


ADAMS. 


The  affair  won  arffticd  in  Unston  l)y  Mr.  Otis. 
Mr.  AdniDH  dnyn,  "  I^vc.-y  niiiii  of  iiii  immenso, 
crowded  oiidiencc  npiJCiircd  to  nii'  to  f,'o  oway,  us 
I  did,  ri'n<ly  to  take  anus  nj^niiist  writs  of  un- 
Bistniicf." — "Tlifii  mid  there  tiiu  child  Indt- 
pondenco  was  bom." 

In  l"(!l,  he  ninrricd  Aliifrail  Smith,  dniifjhter 
of  Jtev.  Williiim  Smith  of  Weymouth,  and  fjrnnd- 
dan;;]iter  of  Colonel  (Jniney,  a  lady  of  unc(mimon 
endowments  and  excellent  ednration.  —  In  the 
next  year  he  ])ul)liNhed  an  essay  on  Canon  and 
Feudal  I.iiw,  rejirinted  at  London  in  ITOH,  and  at 
l'liiladel])liia  in  17H3.  His  ohject  was  to  show 
the  consjiiraey  lietween  Church  and  State  for  the 
jnirjiose  of  opjiressinp  the  jieople.  lie  wished  to 
t'nli},'hten  his  fellow-eiti/ens,  that  they  mi;,'lit  ])rizc 
their  liiierty.  and  lie  ready,  if  necessary,  to  assert 
their  rif,'hts  hy  force. 

lie  removed  to  Iloston  in  I'M,  and  there  had 
extensive  le^'al  practice.  In  l"(i.S  (iov.  Jlernard 
otiered  him,  throu^li  his  friend  Mi:  Sewall,  the 
jilace  of  advocate-p;eneral  in  the  Court  of  Ad- 
miralty, a  lucrative  ]iostj  hut  he  decidedly  de- 
clined the  offer.  He  was  not  a  man  thus  to  lie 
brioed  to  desert  the  cause  of  his  country.  The 
oiricc  was  the  same  which  Mr.  Otis  had  resigned, 
in  1701  in  order  to  opjiose  the  writs  of  assistance. 
Yet  Mr.  Ilntchinson  states,  that  ho  was  at  a  loss 
which  side  to  take,  and  that  tho  neglect  of  Ber- 
nard to  make  him  a  justice  of  the  jicaco  roused 
his  patriotism!  Ho  adds:  "His  ambition  was 
■without  bounds  ;  and  ho  has  acknowledged  to  his 
acquaintance,  that  lie  could  not  look  with  coni- 
jdacency  upon  any  man,  who  was  in  possession 
of  more  wealth,  more  honor,  or  more  knowledge 
than  himself."  In  1709,  he  was  chairman  of  the 
committee  of  the  town  of  Boston  for  drawing  u)) 
instructions  to  their  representatives  to  resist  the 
British  encroachments.  His  colleagues  were  11. 
Dana  and  Joseph  Warren.  These  instructions 
■were  important  Unks  in  the  chain  of  revolutionary 
events.  —  In  consequence  of  the  affray  with  the 
British  garrison  !March  5,  1770,  in  which  several 
of  the  jieojile  of  Boston  were  killed,  the  soldiers 
were  arraigned  before  tho  civil  authority.  Not- 
withstanding the  strong  excitement  against  them, 
Mr.  Adams,  with  J.  Quincy  and  S.  S.  Blowers, 
defended  them,  and  jirocured  the  acquittal  of  all 
excejit  two,  who  were  convicted  of  manslaughter, 
and  branded  in  punishment.  This  triunijih  of 
justice,  for  the  soldiers  were  first  attacked,  was 
honorable  to  the  cause  of  America.  In  May, 
1770,  he  was  chosen  a  member  of  tho  Legisla- 
ture, in  which  he  took  a  jironiinent  jiart. 

In  1773  he  wrote  al;ly  in  the  Boston  Ciazette 
against  the  regulation,  making  judges  dependent 
for  their  salaries  ujion  the  crown.  In  1773  and 
1774  he  wa.s  chosen  into  tho  council  by  the  as- 
sembly, but  negatived  by  the  governor.  To  the 
struggle,  at  tliis  period,  between  the  house  and 


ADAMS, 

the  governor  in  re:  • '  to  the  council,  his  friend 
Sewall,  ])leaNantly  .  i,  ',  s  thus:  "  Wu  have  some- 
times seen  lialf-a-do/.en  sail  of  lory  navigation 
unalile,  on  an  election  day,  to  pass  the  bar,  formed 
by  the  flux  and  reflux  of  tho  tides  at  the  entrance 
of  the  harbor,  and  as  many  whiggisli  ones  stranded 
the  next  morning  on  (iovernor's  Island."  —  Juno 
17,  1774,  he  was  chosen  by  the  assemlily,  to- 
gether with  T.  Cushing,  S.  Adams,  and  K.  T. 
I'aine,  to  the  first  Continental  Congress.  To 
Sewall,  who,  while  they  were  attending  tho  court 
at  Portland,  endeavored  to  dissuade  liim,  in  a 
morning  walk  on  "  the  great  liill,"  from  accepting 
this  ajipointment,  lie  said  :  "  Tho  die  is  now  cast ; 
I  have  passed  the  Rubicon  j  swim  or  sink,  live  or 
die,  survive  or  perish  with  my  country  is  my  im- 
alterable  doterniination."  'I'hus  he  parted  with 
his  tory  friend,  nor  did  he  converse  with  him 
again  till  17HH. 

He  took  his  seat  in  Congress  Sept.  5, 1774,  and 
was  on  the  connnittee,  which  drew  uj)  the  state- 
ment of  tho  rights  of  tho  colonies,  and  on  that, 
which  ])rciiared  the  address  to  the  king.  At  this 
period  the  members  of  Congress  generally  were 
not  determined  on  independence.  It  was  thought, 
the  British  would  relinquish  their  claims.  —  He 
returned  to  Boston  in  November,  and  soon  wrote 
the  papers,  with  the  signature  of  Novanglus,  in 
answer  to  those  of  his  friend  Sewall,  with  the 
signature  of  Massachuscttcnsis.  Tho  latter  are 
dated  from  Dec.  12,  1774,  to  Apri'  3,  1775;  the 
former  from  Jan.  23  to  April  17,  1770.  These 
pnjiers  were  rejirinted  in  1819,  with  a  jirefacc  by 
Mr.  Adams,  with  the  addition  of  letters  to  AV. 
Tudor. 

A  short  review  of  tlicm  may  be  interesting,  as 
they  relate  to  a  jieriod  immediately  preceding  the 
commencement  of  hostilities.  In  this  controversy 
Mr.  Sewall  said :  "  I  saw  the  small  seed  of  sccU- 
tion,  when  it  was  implanted ;  it  was  as  a  grain  of 
mustard.  I  liavc  watched  the  plant,  until  it  has 
become  a  great  tree ;  the  vilest  reptiles,  that 
crawl  ujion  the  earth,  arc  concealed  at  the  root ; 
tho  foulest  birds  of  the  air  rest  on  its  branches. 
I  now  would  induce  you  to  go  to  work  immedi- 
ately with  axes  and  hatchets,  and  cut  it  down,  for 
a  twofold  reason  —  because  it  is  a  pest  to  society, 
and  lest  it  bo  felled  suddenly  by  a  stronger  arm, 
and  crush  its  thousands  in  the  fall."  In  the  first 
jilace,  ho  maintained,  that  resistance  to  Groat 
Britain  would  be  unavaihng.  The  militia  he  con- 
sidered imdisci])lined  and  ungovernable,  each  man 
being  a  jiolitician,  jiutFcd  uj)  with  his  own  opinion. 
"jVn  experienced  British  officer  would  rather  talie 
his  chance  with  five  thousand  British  troops,  than 
fifty  thousand  such  militia."  The  sea  coast  he 
regarded  as  totally  unprotected.  Our  trade, 
fishery,  navigation,  and  maritime  towns  were 
liable  to  bo  lost  in  a  moment.  The  'back  settle- 
ments would  fall  a  prey  to  the  Canadians  and 


i^. 


ADAMS. 


ADAMS. 


Iii<li;in«.  Thf  IlritiNh  nrniy  wnuhl  HWPcp  all  be-  j 
fort'  it  like  ii  \vliirlwiii<l.  ilcsidoM,  New  l'',nj,'liin(l  , 
vidiilil  |iri)l)ulily  lii<  iiloiii'.  nnsii])|)()rti'(l  l)y  the 
Dilicr  Siiilf'4.  Ilel)clliim,  tlicrilorr,  would  l)i'  tliu  , 
licij,'lil  111'  iiiixliicKs.  Ill  cDiisidcriiiff  tlif  rrasoiiN  I 
Tor  ii'sistniifi!  he  mniiitttiiu'd,  llmt  the  purlinmont  j 
lm<l  a  li^jlil  to  imss  n  Kluni|)  net.  in  order  tlmt  the  ! 
colonies  hhould  i)ear  a  part  of  the  national  l)iii<len. 
Similar  aets  Imd  heen  before  jinssed.  We  liad  j 
jiiiid  ])ostaije  nj;reeal)ly  to  net  of  i)arlininent,  du- 
ties imposed  for  re(;ulntiii|^  trade,  and  even  for 
raising'  a  revenue  to  the  erowii,  wilhout  ([iiestion- 
Inj?  the  ri^^ht.  ThiH  rijjlit.  he  myn,  was  first 
denied  hy  the  resolves  of  the  lionse  of  hurjjesHes 
in  Virprinin.  "We  read  tiieni  with  wonder;  they 
Havored  of  indejiendeiiee."  'I"he  three-penny  duty 
on  tea,  he  tliouf^ht,  should  not  he  re;,'ar(led  us 
burdensome;  for  the  duty  of  n  HJiillin}?,  laid  upon 
it  for  refjulntiiifj;  trnde,  nnd  therefore  allowed  to 
1)0  constitutional,  was  tnlion  olf;  so  that  we  were 
fjainers  nine])ence  in  the  ))ound  by  the  new  re}?u- 
Intion,  whieli  was  desijjned  to  ])revent  sniu;j}^lii)}jr, 
nnd  not  to  raise  a  revenue.  The  net  declaratory 
of  the  right  to  tax  was  of  no  consequence,  so  lon;{ 
ns  there  was  no  grievous  exercise  of  it,  esjiccinlly 
ns  wc  hnd  ])rotested  ngninst  it,  and  our  assemblies 
had  ten  times  resolved,  that  no  such  right  ex- 
j.ted.  IJut  deningogucs  wore  interested  in  in- 
flaming the  minds  of  the  j)eo])lc.  The  ])idpit 
also  was  a  powerful  engine  in  ])romoting  discon- 
tent. —  Though  the  small  duty  of  three  pence 
was  to  be  paid  by  tlie  Kast  India  company,  or 
their  factors,  on  landing  the  tea,  for  the  purpose 
of  selling  it  at  auction,  nnd  no  one  was  obliged  to 
])urchase ;  yet  tlic  mob  of  Uoston,  in  disguise, 
forcibly  entered  the  three  Khij)s  of  tea,  sj)lit  open 
the  chests,  nnd  emptied  tlie  wliole,  10,000  ])ounds 
sterling  in  value,  into  the  dock,  "  nnd  jjorfumed 
the  town  with  its  fragrance."  Yet  zealous  rebel 
merchants  were  every  day  importing  teas,  subject 
to  the  same  duty.  The  act  interfered  with  tlicir 
interest,  not  with  the  welfare  of  the  people.  The 
blockade  act  against  Boston  was  a  just  retaliatory 
measure,  because  the  body-meeting,  contrived 
merely  as  a  screen  to  the  town,  consisting  of 
thousands,  hnd  resolved,  that  the  tea  should  not  pay 
the  duty.  Now  sprung  up  from  the  brain  of  a 
partiznn  the  "committee  of  correspondence" — 
"  the  foulest,  subtlest,  and  most  venomous  ser- 
pent, thnt  ever  issued  from  the  eggs  of  sedition." 
A  new  doctrine  had  been  ndvanced,  that,  as  the 
Americans  are  not  represented  in  parlinment,  they 
are  exempt  from  nets  of  parliament.  But,  if  the 
colonies  are  not  subject  to  the  authority  of  par- 
liament. Great  Britain  and  the  colonies  must  be 
distinct  States.  Two  independent  authorities  can- 
not co-exist.  The  colonies  have  only  power  to 
regulate  their  internal  police,  but  are  necessarily 
subject  to  the  control  of  the  supremo  power  of 
the  State.    Had  any  person  denied,  fifteen  years 


ago,  tlmt  ihecolonies  were  subject  to  the  nulhority 
of  parliiiincnt,  he  woidd   have   been   deeined  a 
fool  or  11  niuihnnn.     It  was  curious  to  trace  the 
history  of  rcliellion.     When   the.  stamp  act  wns 
])asse(l,  the  right  of  |iarhuineiit  to  impose  interiuil 
taxes  was  denied ;  but    the  right   to  ini|)OHe  ex- 
ternal  oiu's,  to   lay  duties  on   goods  and    mer- 
chandi/e,  was  admitted.     On  the  passage  of  the 
tea  act  a  new  distinction  was  ^et  up;  duties  coidd 
be  laid   for   the  regulation  of  trade,  but  not   for 
raising  a  reveiuie ;  larlianuMit  could  lay  the  for- 
iTier   duty   of  a   shilling   a    i;oun(l,  but   not  the 
|)resent  duty  of  three  pence.     There  was  but  one 
more  stej)  to  iiule])enden('e  —  the  denial  jjf  the 
right  in   j)arliament  to  innlie  any  laws  whatever, 
which  should  bind  tlie  colonies  ;  and  this  ste])  the 
jn-etended    jiatriots   hnd    taken.     Mr.   Otis,   the 
oracle  of  the  whigs,  in   17(i4  never  thought  of 
this.     On  the  contrary,  he  maintained  in  respect 
to  the  colonies,  that  "  the  ])arlinmeiit  has  an  un- 
doubted power  and  lawful  authority  to  make  acts 
for  the  general  good."    Obedience,  in  his  view, 
was  a  solemn  duty.     The  original  charter  of  the 
colony  exempted  it  from  taxes  for  a  definite  ])e- 
riod,  imj)lying  the  right  to  tax  afterwards.     The 
grant  of  all  the  liberties  of  natural  subjects  within 
the  realm  of  I'^ngland  affords  no  immiuiity  from 
taxes.    If  a  jicrson,  born  in   l'',ngland,  should 
remove   to   Ireland,  or  to  Jersey,  or  Guernsey, 
whence  no   member  is  sent  to   parliament,  ho 
would  bo  in  the  same  predicament  with  an  emi- 
grant to  America,  all  having  the  rights  of  natural 
born  subjects.    In  the  charter  by  King  William 
the  powers  of  legislation  were  restricted,  so  that 
nothing  should  be  done  contrary  to  the  laws  of 
the  realm  of  I'ngland.     Even  Dr.  Franklin  in 
170j  admitted,  that  the  British  had  "  a  natural 
and   equitable  right  to  some  toll  or  duty  upon 
merchandizes,"  carried    through    the   American 
seas.     Mr.  Otis  also,  in  the  same  year,  admitted 
the  same  equitable  right  of  jiarliament "  to  im- 
pose taxes  on  the  colonics,  interiuil  nnd  external, 
on  lands  as  well  as  on  trade."    Indeed,  for  more 
than  a  century  parliament  had  exercised  the  now 
controverted  right  of  legislation  and  taxation. 

On  the  whole,  Mr.  Sewall  was  convinced,  that 
the  avarice  and  ambition  of  the  leatling  whigs 
were  the  causes  of  the  troubles  of  America : 
"they  call  themselves  the  peoi)lo;  and,  when 
their  own  measures  are  censured,  cry  out — 'the 
people,  the  people  are  abused  and  insulted!'" 
He  deplored  the  condition  of  the  dupes  of  the 
republican  party  —  the  men  who,  every  morning, 
"  swallowed  n  cliimera  for  brealvfast."  By  the  in- 
famous methods  resorted  to,  "  many  of  the  an- 
cient, trusty,  and  skilful  pilots,  who  had  steered 
the  community  safely  in  the  most  perilous  times, 
were  driven  from  the  helm,  and  their  places  occu- 
pied by  difTcrcnt  persons,  some  of  whom,  bank- 
rupts in  fortune,  business,  and  fame,  are  now 


10 


ADAMS. 


t  triviiiR  to  run  ihf  t;lii|i  on  the  rockti,  tlint  they 
innv  liiivc  nn  o|i|iortiinitv  of  iilundcrinff  tlic 
wreck ! " 

To  tluH  Mr.  .\il:\niM  rcplicil,  that  ]uiilinin('Hl 
I'.nd  niitlidrily  over  .Kiniricu  Ijv  no  law  :  not  liy 
t!ie  law  of  natnrc  iiiitl  natioMM  ;  nor  liy  coniinnn 
l\vf,  which  never  extenthil  lieytJiiil  the  tour  seaM  j 
nor  hy  Htalute  hiw,  for  none  existed  liefore  the 
Rettienu'Ut  of  the  eoioniesj  and  tliat  we  were 
under  no  reli;;iouN,  moral,  or  politieal  ol)li;»ationN 
to  Buhniit  to  ]>arliainent  an  a  suprenie  executive. 
He  HHked,  "  Is  the  tliree  jienee  iij]on  tea  our  only 
f',rieviuice?  Are  we  not  deprived  of  tlie  ))iivile(,'e 
of  jjayinff  our  governors,  judf;e.>i,  ete.  i'  Are  not 
trials  Ityjury  taken  from  us:'  Are  we  not  sent  to 
I'ln^land  for  trial;'  Is  iu)t  a  military  f;overnnient 
put  over  us!'  Is  not  our  eonstitulion  demolished 
to  the  foundation?" — ".Nip  the  shoolji  of  ar- 
liitrary  power  in  the  luid  is  the  oidy  niiixim, 
whieh  can  ever  ]ireserve  the  liberties  of  any 
people."  He  maintained,  that  the  |)reteiiee  to 
ta.\  for  revenue,  and  not  merely  for  tlie  re-jida- 
tion  of  trade,  had  never  been  advanced  till  re- 
cently j  that,  ill  IT.Vt,  Dr.  Franklin  denied  sucli  a 
rif^ht;  that,  more  than  n  century  before,  hotli 
^In.ssaclmsetfs  and  Virj^inia  liad  jirotested  nj^ainst 
tho  act  of  navif^ation,  and  refused  ohedienec,  be- 
cause not  represented  in  parhament.  lie  denied, 
that  there  was  a  whif,'  in  the  jirovincc,  vvlio  wished 
to  set  up  an  independent  reiiuhlic.  Hut  resistance 
to  lawless  violence,  ho  said,  is  not  rebellion  by 
the  law  of  God  or  of  tho  land.  And,  as  to  ina- 
bility to  cojjc  with  Great  Britain,  ho  maintained, 
that,  "ui  a  land  war  tiiis  conthient  niij^ht  defend 
itself  against  nil  the  world."  As  to  old  charters, 
that  of  Virginia  in  1009  exempted  tho  comj)any 
forever  from  taxes  on  goods  and  merchandizes. 
The  same  cxcmjition  was  given  id  Maryland  in 
1033.  Tho  Plymouth  colony  was  settled  without 
a  charter,  on  tho  simple  jirinciplo  of  nature,  and 
thus  continued  nn  indeiiendent  government  si.xty- 
cight  years.  The  same  was  tho  case  with  the 
colonics  in  Connecticut.  In  !Massnchusetts,  tho 
general  court  in  1077  declared,  that  tho  laws  of 
I'"nglaiid  were  bounded  within  the  four  seas,  and 
did  not  reach  America.  Tho  only  jjower  of  jiar- 
liament,  whicli  he  would  allow,  was  that  arising 
from  our  voluntary  cession  of  regidating  trade. 
The  first  charter  erected  a  corporation  within  the 
realm  of  England ;  there  the  governor  and  com- 
pany were  to  reside,  and  tlieir  ngents  only  wore 
to  come  to  America.  But  they  came  themselves, 
and  brought  their  charter  with  them,  and  thus, 
being  out  of  the  realm,  wore  not  subject  to  jjar- 
liament.  Tho  king  of  England  could  by  law- 
grant  nothing  out  of  England,  or  the  realm. 
The  great  seal  had  no  authority  out  of  tho  realm, 
except  to  mandatory  or  preceptory  writs;  and 
Kuch  was  not  the  charter.  In  case  of  the  for- 
feiture of  a  charter,  the  people  born  here  could 


ADAMS. 

be  under  no  nlleginnco  to  the  king.  —  Such 
briedy  were  the  opposite  views  of  these  distiu- 
giiishcil  men.  'I'hese  writiiifrs  of  Mr.  .\diims, 
with  tlioe  of  Otis,  Thaiher,  and  others,  con- 
triliuted  nuich  to  the  eniuniipalion  of  .Vmerica 
from  I'ritish  thraldom. 

.Mr.  Adams  attended  the  next  ('ongress  in 
177.i.  On  hearing  of  the  battle  of  Lexington, 
w;u'  was  deti'fmined  on.  ;\t  his  suggestion,  (iov, 
Johnstone  nominated  Washington  as  etmunaiider- 
in-ehicf,  and  he  was  uiuuiimously  chosen.  M'hen 
he  returned  to  Massaclumetts,  he  deeliiu'd  the 
olliee  of  chief  justice,  to  whieh  he  had  been  in- 
vited. In  Congress  he  was  amtmg  the  foremost, 
who  were  in  favor  of  inde])enilence.  He  moved, 
May  (i,  177(),  to  reccmunend  to  the  colonies  "to 
adopt  such  a  government,  as  would,  in  the  opinion 
of  the  rcpri'.ciitatives  of  the  ]ieop!e,  best  con- 
duce to  ihi'  ha|ipiiu'ss  and  safety  tif  their  con- 
stituents and  of  America."'  'I'his  jiasseil,  alter 
earnest  deliate,  on  the  loth.  11.  11.  I.ee  moved, 
on  the  7th  June,  and  tho  motion  was  fcconded 
by  Mr.  Adams,  "  that  these  united  colonies  are, 
and  of  right  ought  to  be,  free  and  independent 
States."  The  debate  continued  to  tho  10th,  and 
was  then  jiostponed  to  the  1st  of  July.  A  com- 
mittee of  five,  consisting  of  Jefferson,  Adams, 
rrnnkhn,  Sherman,  and  U.  11.  Livingston,  was 
ajjijointed  to  draw  up  a  declaration  of  indojicnd- 
ence.  The  two  first  wore  tho  sub-comniittoc. 
Tho  instrument,  at  the  request  of  Mr.  Adams, 
was  written  by  Jefferson.  The  resolution  of  Leo 
was  debated  again  July  1st,  and  adojjtcd  on  the 
2d.  Then  tho  Declaration  was  considered  and 
passed,  with  a  few  omissions  and  changes,  July 
4th ;  but  not  without  vigorous  oj)j)osition,  particu- 
larly from  John  Dickinson,  one  of  the  ablest  men 
and  finest  writers  in  Congress.  Tho  o])])osing 
arguments  were  met  by  ^Ir.  Adams  in  a  si)cech 
of  unrivalled  j)owcr.  Of  him  Mr.  Jefferson  said,  — 
"  the  great  jjillar  of  support  to  the  declaration  of 
independence  and  its  ablest  advocate  and  cham- 
pion on  the  tloor  of  the  house  was  John  Ad- 
ams."—  "Ho  was  the  colossus  of  that  Congress: 
not  graccfid,  not  eloquent,  not  always  fluent  in 
liis  public  addresses,  lie  yet  came  out  with  a 
power  both  of  thought  and  exjjrcssioii,  whieh 
moved  his  hearers  I'rom  their  seats." 

On  the  next  day  Jlr.  Adams  wrote  the  follow- 
ing letter  to  his  wife,  dated  I'hiladelphia,  July  5, 
1770: 

"  Yesterday  the  greatest  question  was  decided, 
which  wa.s  ever  debated  in  America,  and  a 
greater,  jierhaps,  never  was,  or  will  be,  decided 
among  men.  A  resolution  has  passed  without 
one  dissenting  colony, '  That  these  colonics  are, 
and  of  riylit  ought  to  be,  Free  ami  Independent 
States.' 

"  The  day  is  passed.  Tho  fourth  day  of  July, 
1770,  will  be  a  memorable  epoch  in  the  history 


'^' 


ADAMS. 


ADAMS. 


II 


lU'xt  CoMj^roRK  in 

llltllo    of     1,1'xillfrt,,,,, 

liin  niij,'),'i'.sti()ii,  (I'ov. 
Kloii  lis  ('i)niiiiiiii(l('r- 
isly  I'lioNcii.  When 
(N,  he  (Ifcliiicd  iliu 
li  lio  hud  hcc'ii  ill- 
iiDiiK  'lif  forcmoHt, 
ilc'iicc.  He  moved, 
to  the  cohiiiics  "to 
ould,  ill  ihi'ojiiiiioii 
picij)!f,  licst  loii- 
ati'ty  ol'  llicir  coii- 
'I'his   piissi'd,  iil'lir 

il.   U.    I, (.if    IIIDM'll, 

itioii  was  fC't'oiided 
lilted  coluniefi  are, 

niid  indeiieiideiit 
1  to  the  10th,  and 

of  July.  A  eoin- 
JefferNon,  Adams, 
t.  Li\-iiij,'Ntoii,  was 
atioii  of  iiulejiond- 
ic  suh-conimittee. 
St  of  Mr.  Adams, 

rcHoIution  of  Lee 

d  adojited  on  the 

coiiNidered  and 

d  clianges,  July 
)j)o.sition,  jiarticu- 

"  the  ablest  men 
The  o])j)08infj 
lams  in  a  sjieecli 

"cfferson  said, — 
declaration  of 

ocate  and  cliam- 
was  John  Ad- 
that  Congress : 

ihvays  fluent  in 

line   out  with  a 

pression,  whieh 

I'ote  the  foUow- 
delphia,  July  5, 

n  was  decided, 
morica,  and  a 
ill  be,  decided 
passed  without 
colonies  are, 
(I  Independent 

h  day  of  July, 
in  the  history 


nf  America.     I  am  n|)t  to  bolicvp,  it  will  be  celc- 

liriitfd  by  Hucrcciiiii^  gciK'nitiniiM  as  tlie  great 
anniversary  lestival.  It  oii;;lit  to  l)e  eomineni- 
oraled,  as  the  diiy  of  delivenuiee,  by  soK'nin  acts 
(if  <levolion  to  .Mmi;riity  (iod.  It  ought  to  be 
solemnized  with  poiiip,  shows,  games,  sports, 
j;iiMs,  lie!l>i,  boiilires,  and  illuminatioiiH  from  one 
eiirl  of  tlie  continent  to  the  other,  from  this  time 
forwiiid,  forever.  You  will  think  me  transported 
with  enlhiisiiism  j  but  I  am  not.  I  am  well  aware 
of  the  toil  anil  blood  and  treasure,  that  it  will 
cost  us  to  maintain  this  declaration,  and  support 
and  defend  these  States ;  yet  through  all  the 
gloom  I  can  see  the  rays  of  light  and  glory.  I 
can  see,  that  the  end  is  more  than  worth  all  the 
means,  and  that  ])osterify  will  tritini]))),  although 
you  and  I  may  rue,  which  I  hope  we  shall  not." 

Mr.  Silas  Deane,  commissioner  with  Franklin 
and  A.  Lee  at  the  French  court,  having  been 
recalled,  Mr.  .\dimis  was  ajipointed  in  his  ])lacc 
Nov.  L'S,  1777.  —  He  was  tlius  released  fnmi  his 
duties  as  chairman  of  the  board  of  war,  in  which 
he  had  been  engaged  since  June  IIJ,  177(i.  It  is 
Ruid,  that  he  had  been  a  member  of  ninety  com- 
mittees, and  chairman  of  twenty-five.  —  I'.mbark- 
ing  in  about  two  months  in  the  Uoston  frigate,  he 
arrived  safely ;  but  the  treaties  of  commerce  and 
alliance  had  been  signed  before  his  arrival.  — 
Soon  after  his  return  he  assisted,  in  the  autumn 
of  1770,  as  a  member  of  the  convention,  and  as 
one  of  the  sub-committee  in  prejiaring  a  form  of 
government  for  the  Slate  of  Massachusetts,  lie 
wrote  the  clause  in  regard  to  the  patronage  of 
literature.  Se])t. '_'!),  177!),  he  was  appointed  min- 
ister i)leni])otentiary  to  negotiate  a  jieace,  and 
had  authority  to  form  a  commercial  treaty  with 
fJreat  IJritain.  IIo  sailed  in  the  French  frigate 
Sensible,  \ov.  17,  landed  at  Ferrol,  and  aflcr  a 
toilsome  journey  arrived  at  Paris  in  Feb.,  1780. 
lie  was  accompanied  by  Francis  Dana  as  secre- 
tary of  legation,  and  by  John  T haxter  as  private 
secretary.  Deeming  a  residence  in  Holland  more 
favorable  to  his  country  than  in  Paris,  he  deter- 
mined to  proceed  to  Amsterdam  as  soon  as  j)er- 
mission  could  be  obtained  from  the  F'rench  min- 
ister. Count  de  VerjOfcnnes,  who  was  disjileased 
by  tlic  refusal  of  Mr.  Adams  to  communicate  to 
him  his  instructions  in  regard  to  the  treaty  of 
commerce.  In  August  he  rejiaircd  to  Amster- 
dam, having  jireviously  been  instructed  to  p.rocure 
loans  in  Holland,  and  soon  afterwards  receiving 
power  to  negotiate  a  treaty  of  amity  and  com- 
merce. Amidst  great  ditHculties,  arising  from 
the  hostility  of  England  and  the  intrigues  of 
France  herself,  he  toiled  incessantly  for  the  in- 
terest of  his  country.  In  a  series  of  twenty-six 
letters  to  Mr.  Kalkoen,  ho  gave  an  accomit  of 
the  controversy  with  Great  Britain,  and  of  the 
resources,  determination,  and  prospects  of  America. 
These  papers  were  reprinted  in  the  Boston  Patriot, 


and  in  n  pamphlet  form  jii  1800.  Thry  had 
niueh  elfi'Ct  in  enligbtening  the  jieople  of  Hol- 
land. Yet  he  eoiild  not  persuade  the  States 
(■('iieral  to  acknowledge  hi.n  as  ambassador  <if 
the  I'nited  .Stales  rntil  .\pril,  17H'J.  .\ss(K'iale<l 
with  Franklin.  Jay,  and  Laurens,  lie  formed  the 
(letlnilive  treaty  of  jieace,  which  was  ralilied  Jan. 
II,  17H1. — Alter  assisting  in  other  treaties,  Mr. 
Adams  was  in  17N,j  appointed  the  first  minister 
to  London.  In  that  city  he  published  his  "  De- 
fence of  the  American  consiiiulions"  in  17H7. — 
M  this  time  the  constitution  of  the  I'nited  State  i 
had  not  been  formed.  The  object  of  the  work 
was  to  oppose  the  theories  of  Turgot,  the  ,\bbe 
de  Mably,  and  Dr.  Price  in  favor  of  a  single 
legislative  assembly  and  the  cimsolidation  into 
one  tribunal  of  the  powers  of  government.  He 
maintained  the  necessity  of  keeping  distinct  the 
legislative,  executive,  and  judicial  dei)artments  j 
and,  to  prevent  encroachment  by  the  legislative 
branch,  he  jiroposed  n  division  of  it  into  two 
chambers,  each  as  h  check  upon  the  other.  He 
carried  his  views  into  effect  in  drafting  the  con- 
stitution of  Massachusetts,  —  which  form  has  been 
co])ied  in  its  chief  features  by  most  of  the  otlie;- 
States.  —  After  an  absence  of  nine  years,  he  re- 
turned to  America,  and  landed  at  Ifoston  June 
17,  17SS,  Congress  had  ]iassed  n  resolution  of 
thanks  for  his  al)le  and  faithful  discharge  of  vari- 
ous important  commissions.  His  "Discourses  on 
Davila"  were  written  in  1790. 

After  his  return  he  was  elected  the  firnt  ncc- 
president  of  the  United  States  under  the  new 
constitution,  which  went  into  ojieration  in  March, 
1789.  Having  been  rc-clecte(l  to  that  ofHce,  he 
held  it,  and  of  course  presided  in  the  Senate 
during  the  whole  of  the  administration  of  Wash- 
ington, whose  confidence  he  enjoyed  in  an  emi- 
nent degree.  The  Senate  being  nearly  balanced 
between  the  two  jiartica  of  the  day,  liis  castin,'; 
vote  decided  some  imimrtant  finestions ;  in  thi:; 
way  Clarke's  resolution  to  jn-ohiliit  all  intercourse 
with  Cireat  IJritain  on  account  of  the  capture  of 
several  American  vessels  was  rejected. — On  the 
resignation  of  Washington  Mr.  Adams  became 
president  of  the  United  States  March  4,  1797. 
He  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Jeflerson  in  1801,  who 
was  elected  by  a  majority  of  one  vote. 

After  March,  ISO  I,  Mr.  Adams  lived  in  retire- 
ment ai  (Juincy,  occujiied  in  agricultural  ]mrsuits, 
though  occasionally  addressing  various  communi- 
cations to  the  ])ublic.  —  In  a  letter  to  the  foimder 
of  the  peace  society  of  Massachusetts  in  181G  he 
says :  "  I  have  read,  almost  all  the  days  of  my 
life,  the  solemn  reasonings  and  pathetic  declama- 
tions of  Erasmus,  of  Fenelon,  of  St.  Pierre,  and 
many  others,  against  war  and  in  favor  of  peace. 
My  understanding  and  my  heart  accorded  with 
them  at  first  blush.  But,  alas!  a  longer  and 
more  extensive  experience  has  convinced  me,  that 


12 


ADAMS. 


warn  arr  niTi'Mor)-,  onil  m  iiipvitalilc  in  our  iiyn- 
ti'in  UN  liiirriiaiu'v,  fiirlli>|iiiiki'N,  ;iiiil  noIciuioi'n. 
L'iii\('rsiil  anil  iiirjitliiiil  iiriicc  ii|i|i<'ai'N  tn  inc  mi 
mori'  nor  l('^N  tliaii  I'vcrlantin^  |iaN^i\f  (ilicilicnci' 
and  iioii-ri'Ni^taiu')'.  'I'lic  Iiuiikui  iIikU  ^Mlullt  nixhi 
III)  tli'cccti  iiikI  liiitchi'i'cil  liy  (iiu>  or  ii  I'cw.  I 
I'Uiinot  lliiTi'lorc,  hir,  Ijc  a  suliMOiilHT  or  a  nu'inlHT 
of  your  Hocirty.  —  I  tlo,  sir,  most  liiiiiilily  HU{i|>li- 
cuto  tlio  tliciilo^'iiiiiN,  the  |iliiiiisii|i|ii'i'H,  and  tli<- 
|H)iiti('ianN  to  let  me  (lit'  in  pcuctv  i  xci'k  oii'y 
ro|K)Hi'."  Mr.  Ji'H'crson  t'X]iri'NitiHl  Wm  oimiiouh 
more  calmly  on  ilic  Nuljcct. 

In   181(1  lie  wiw  clioscn  a  nicnilicr  of  llif  I'li'C- 
toral   collijff,   which   voted   lor  Mr.   .^I(»Mroo  an 
president.      In    INIS  he  Niistaincd    his   severest 
ullliction  in  the  loss,  in  October,  of  his  wife,  with 
whom   he  had   lived   more  tliiui  half  a  centin'y. 
His  oidy  daii;{hter,  Mrs.  Smith,  died  in  lHi:t.     In 
1H'.'(»,  nt  the  a>;e  of  eij;hty-tive,  he  was  a  meniher 
of  the  convention  for  revising  the  constitution  of 
.Massachusetts.     In  the  last  years  of  his  life  lie 
had  a  friendly  correspondence  wilh  Mr.  Jellerson 
He  enjoye<l  tlie  sin;;ular  h:ipi)iiiess  in  1HL''>  of  st , 
uif^  his  son,  John  (iuincy  .\(lains,  elevatul  to  i'.. 
ollice  of  president  oi'  the  I'nited  State',     lu  i.   > 
year  lie  was  the  only  survivor  of  tlir  first  Con- 
gress.    He  died  July' I,  1S12(J. 

On  the  niornhi;;  of  the  juhilc  he  was  roused 
by  the  rin(,'inp:  of  hells  and  the  Hi  In;;  of  cannon, 
and,  when  asked  hy  his  servant  if  he  knew  what 
day  it  was,  ho  rejilied,  "O  yes!  it  is  the  f^loiious 
•llh  of  July  — God  hiess  it — fiod  bless  you  all." 
In  the  forenoon  the  orator  of  the  day,  his  parish 
minister,  culled  to  see  him,  and  found  him  Houted 
in  an  arm-chair,  and  asked  him  for  a  sentiment, 
to  be  f(iven  at  the  public  table.  He  replied,  "I 
will  K'vc  you  —  Independence  forever ! "  In  the 
course  of  the  day  ho  said,  "  It  is  n  great  and  {glo- 
rious day ;"  and  just  before  ho  expired,  exclaimed, 
"Jetl'erson  survives,"  shewing  that  his  thouj^hts 
were  dwellin}?  on  the  scenes  of  llHi.  But 
Jeflerson  was  then  dead,  having  expired  nt  one 
o'clock.  He  hitnscLf  died  at  twenty  miuuteH  be- 
fore six  P.  M. 

That  two  such  men  as  Jefferson  and  Adams, 
both  of  whom  had  been  presidents  of  the  United 
States,  the  two  last  survivors  of  those,  who  had 
voted  for  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  the 
former  having  drawn  it  up,  and  the  latter  hanng 
been  its  most  ];owerful  ,  ''voc  ito  on  the  floor  of 
Congress,  should  have  died  oi.  t'l  4th  of  July 
just  fifty  years  after  the  ";,!-''  "  'y"  of  tin 
Declaration  of  Ameri':"i  ('.J'  I'^nd  .i'JC, presented 
such  an  extraordinary  (.uiicuironco  of  events  aa  to 
overwhelm  the  mind  with  astonishment.  Some 
of  the  eulogists  of  these  illustrious  men  seemed 
to  regard  the  circumstances  of  their  removal  from 
the  earth  as  a  signal  ])roof  of  the  favor  of  God, 
and  sjioko  of  their  spirits  as  beyond  doubt  thus 
wonderfully,  ou  the  day  of  their  glory,  lianslatcd 


ADA.MS. 

to  lieavpn.  Hut  nurely  these  rircimiNtanreK  otight 
not  to  be  rrgiirded  as  indications  of  the  etenud 
destine  of  these  men  of  poliiical  eminence.  Like 
others,  they  nnist  apjiear  at  the  bar  of  Jesus 
Cliri-'t,  to  be  judged  agreeably  to  the  seltled  prin- 
ciples of  the  Divine  government,  according  to 
their  WDrks  mid  characters.  If  they  believed  in 
the  name  of  the  .Sun  of  (iod  and  were  his  follow- 
ers, they  will  doubtless,  if  the  Scriptures  are  true, 
be  saved;  otherwise  they  will  be  lost.  It  is  not 
always  easy  to  ascertain  the  design  of  Providence. 
If  some  imagine,  that  the  extraordinary  deaths 
of  these  men  indicate  the  Divine  approbulion  of 
their  patriolism;  others  may  imagine,  that  their 
deaths  on  the  day,  in  which  a  kind  of  idolatry  had 
often  been  ollered  them,  and  in  which  the  .Ameri- 
can people  h'l  1  liet  '  often  elated  with  the  emotioiiH 
of  vanity  ind  ori'li,  instead  of  rendering  duo 
thanks^,  -i  li'  i  •  tl  '  Imighty,  were  designed  to 
fro''  upon  ! he  111-  ig  people  and  to  teach  them, 
•hilt  incir  lioastcd  |...triots  and  statesmen,  their 
incc;.  (d  '■  i  i-gods,  were  but  frail  worms  of  the 
''list.      A  iK'w  and  similar  wonder   occurred   in 

!  decease  of  another  president,  Monroe,  on  the 
ith  day  of  Julv,  XKU). 

Mr.  AiL.nn  was  somewhat  irritable  in  his 
temper,  and  at  times  was  frank  in  the  utterance 
of  his  indignant  feelings.  In  reply  to  a  birth-day 
address  in  IH()2,  the  yeor  after  the  termination  of 
his  presidency,  he  said :  "  Under  the  continual 
provocations,  breaking  and  pimring  in  upon  me, 
from  unexpected  as  well  as  expected  quarters, 
during  the  last  two  years  of  my  administration,  ho 
must  have  been  more  of  a  modern  epicurian 
])hilosopher,  than  ever  I  was  or  over  will  be,  to 
linve  borne  them  all  without  some  incautious  cx- 
jiressions,  at  times,  of  an  unutterable  indignation. 
I  have  no  other  apology  to  moke  to  individuals  or 
the  public." — This  confession  moy  teach  the  am- 
bitious, that  the  high  station  of  president  may  be 
a  bed  of  thorns.  Mr.  Adams  added  the  senti- 
ment, which  is  worthy  of  perpetual  remembrance 
by  our  statesmen  and  citizens :  "The  union  is  our 
rock  of  safety,  ns  well  as  our  pledge  of  grandeur." 
—  Mr.  Adams,  it  is  believed,  was  a  i)rofessor  of 
religion  in  the  church  at  Quincy.  In  his  views  ho 
accorded  with  Dr.  Bancroft,  an  Unitarian  muiister 
of  Worcester,  of  whose  printed  s<  imons  ho  ex- 
pressed his  high  ojiprobation. 

Ill  his  jicison,  Mr.  Adams  w.w  of  middling 
stature.  \\  nil  jiassions  somewhui  imjietuous,  liis 
•  ...nners  were  courteous.  Industry  carried  him 
honorably  through  his  immense  ]mblic  labors ; 
temiierance  procured  him  the  blessing  of  a 
healthful  old  age.  He  lived  •  >  see  but  one  name 
before  liis  vnstarrcd  in  the  catalogue  «f  Harvard 
College:  excepting  the  venerable  I>r.  Holyoke, 
all  before  him  were  numbered  witl)  the  dead.  He 
was  a  scholar,  versed  in  the  anci'ut  languages. 
In  his  writings  he  was  persii:  nous  and  eucrgetic. 


it 


c'irciiniNlanrcM  oii^^ht 
aliiiim  (if  the  <'ti'nial 
nil  I'lniiii'tici'.  I,ik(> 
t  the  liiir  111"  Jisiiit 
>  t'l  (lie  N<  ttlid  |)riii- 
inciit,  lU'ciii'ilin;^  lo 
If  tlicy  liclicvid  in 
iirid  were  IiIn  fullow 

SiTii)tiir»'M  lire  true, 
1  lif  lost.  It  in  not 
i'.-if{in>ri'r<)vi(lciicp. 
xtriionliimry  (li'iitlw 
\'mv  n|i|ir<)liiitioii  of 

iiiiiij^ini',  that  their 
kind  of  idohitiy  hiul 
n  which  tlic  Aincii- 
'd  with  the  t'niotionH 
i)f  rcndi'rinj^  (hio 
y,  wcri"  di'si^nrd  to 

nnd  to  teach  them, 
lid  Ntatt'HnR'ii,  their 

frail  worniH  of  tho 
onder  occurred  in 
!nt,  Monroe,  on  the 

at  irrital)lo   in   his 

Ilk  in  the  iitteranco 

reply  to  a  hirth-day 

the  termination  of 

idcr  tho  continual 

niriiiH:  in  upon  me, 

(•xpcetcd  (juarters, 

■  administration,  ho 

lodern  epicurian 

ever  will  l)e,  to 

line  incautious  cx- 

le  iiuliffnation. 

to  individuals  or 

nay  teach  the  ani- 

iresident  may  he 

added  the  «enti- 

I  remembrance 

lie  union  is  our 

;e  of  grandeur." 

a  j)rofes8or  of 

In  his  views  ho 

'nitarian  minister 

raons  he  ex- 

of  middlinj? 

impetuous,  Iiin 
try  carried  him 

jiuhlic  labors  ; 

blesfiiiifr  of  a 
e  but  one  name 
ffiie  <»f  Harvard 

1>T.  Holyoke, 
ithcdi.id.  He 
lit  hi'iguages. 

and  eucrgetic. 


!ral) 


mil 
Tl 


ADAMS. 

To  hi.i  native  town  he  ^nvp  liin  whole  lihmry.  and 
niHile  lii'iiueotH  lor  till'  I'liilciwinriit  of  un  iK'iulemy 
uiid  the  build.'iij;  nf  a  hIoiu'  rliiinli. 

IliN  chief  wriliuKH  un — lli»tiiry  of  tho  diNpuie 
with  .Xuirrii;!,  177 1 1  twl•llt\-^ix  Irltirn  on  the 
Airi'Tican  llcNolution,  wrii  in  in  llniliiiid  in  I'Hlli 
Meati^tfiiil  tn  the  Stateo  K'<'"'Tal,  ITvj;  r,Miy  t« 
eaimn  mid  feudal  law,  I7s;ii  .liUiHf  of  Dikic 
Americnn  Conhiitiitidn.  .'J  m>I».,  K'-Hi  aiiNWitN  ui 
IKitrinlii  i/ldresM-H.  17(tHi  letterM  on  ^'ii\ernn»ent, 
to  Snni.  Aiiani!».  ^^yi:  di-eourhes  en  DayJla. 
INO.'ii  con':>si>onileiut',  l"^!!);  Novanulus  re-pul)- 
lixlied,  1HI!I  correspondence  wllil  \V.  Ciinniun- 
liain.  IH'.'.'I;  U'tternto  Jefferson.  — j:iiii/il„ii(iillii 
Amei:;  Aiin:  .Uiii.  JIfi.  I.  '.".'u  -'JIO;  t'nixloii 
Wnkhl  Mrssii,;/' r,  VI.  ;iti(l;  .  <,).  .{'I'liim'  lillnn 
ill  llii.sliin  I'lihiiit,  SrpI,  .),  IMill;  JIiiliiicn,  II. 
<1IM). 

ADAMS,  JiiiiN  (JflM  V,  {Mfwidtnt  ofthe  Uiiiter) 
Stp.tes,  died  at  Washiiiftion  Feb.  L';i,  ISIH,  ageil 
80  years,  being  born,  tlic  xm  I'l  .Foliii  ,\.,  July  11, 
17(i7.  At  the  age  of  ten  he  iicconipanied  his 
father  to  France ;  at  t  he  iige  ol  filteen  he  was  private  | 
necrelary  of  Mr,  Dana,  ministi  r  to  Jlu.■«^:ia.  At 
Ilarvanl  college  he  mii  graibinted  in  17M7,  and 
then  studied  law  with  NIr.  I'arscns  at  Newbury- 
port.  Living  in  Hoston,  'u-  pubii.siied  in  17!(1 
the  papers,  signed  I'l;  licola,  remarking  on 
I'nine's  Kights  of  .Man,  ,  -tnis'iiig  the  issue  of 
the  French  Uevolution.  I  'om  17i)t  to  ISOl  he 
was  minister  in  Holland,  1  i-land,  and  Prussia. 
From  1S03  to  1(S()8  ho  wasn  senator  of  the  U.  S. ; 
but  resigned  from  disagren  cut  with  his  own 
State  Legislature.  He  was  a  i  olessor  of  rhetoric 
at  Harvard  from  1800  to  IM^  i.  He  assisted  in 
negotiating  the  treaty  of  OIk  i  in  Dec,  1814, 
and  afterwards  assisted  in  theci-iivention  of  com- 
merce with  Great  IJrituin.  In  S17  he  was  sec- 
retary of  state  in  the  cabinet  of  M'  'iiroc.  In  1825 
he  was  chosen  president  of  the  '  H.  The  elec- 
toral votes  were  Oi)  for  Jackson.  84  for  Adams, 
41  for  Crawford,  37  for  Clay.  The  votes  of  thir- 
teen States,  rc]n'csented  in  the  hou;  ,  elected  him 
jiresidcnt.  He  served  for  four  year  In  Deceni- 
lier,  1S31,  he  became  a  member  •(  Congress, 
nnd  was  continued  in  that  post  I  .  his  death. 
AVliilo  in  his  seat  in  the  Hon  ■  of  llo])- 
reseiitatives,  Feb.  21st,  ho  fell  over  ii  one  side, 
and  was  removed  to  Mr.  Siieaker  >Vinthrop's 
apartment,  in  which  he  died.  He  w:  imly  able 
to  say:  "This  is  the  last  of  earth;  .  am  con- 
tent." His  wile,  Louisa,  daughter  '<{  Joshua 
Johnson  of  Maryland,  Aviiom  he  marrii  d  in  1797, 
si.nivcd  him;  l)ut  died  at  'W'ashiu^'ton  May 
lo,  1K.V_',  aged  70. 

As  a  member  of  Congress  he  in  hi  old  ago 
gained  imperishable  honor  by  watching  tie  move- 
ments and  withstandhig  the  progress  of  1 1 -o  slave- 
holding  power,  which  threatened  to  gain  tho  as- 
cendency in  oui"  general  goveromeut  over  all  the 


ADAMS. 


18 


!ntrrr«tii  of  jiisiirp  iinil  hiimnn  freedom,  nnd  to 
render  lliis  I. mil  of  lilierly  the  m  orii  of  the  des- 
potlNW"  ol  1',Mro)ir,  At  till'  I'l'i'icnl  ibiy  the  battlu 
l><i't«ecii  ikiuM'ry  and  Irtidcini  mijcs  with  inrriMiKi'd 
vcht'im'Wte I  and,  had  "llie  old  man  elnipii'iit " 
lixt-d  'o  wo  the  liorder-rulHaiiii-m  of  Mitsouri 
HuH'V'.iied  by  our  rulers,  and  allowed  to  create  n 
Ktweniiuent  and  bear  sway  in  I  be  Territory  of 
k^insie*,  nnd  al>o  to  m'c  a  Soutliern  riilllan  htrilung 
down  n  .Massachii^i'tts  senator  in  bis  scat,  and 
sup|.orted  in  the  iicl  by  the  wliole  .Sinilli,  his  voice 
Would   hii\e  rung  like  a  clarion  thriitigh  the  hall 

t  id  through  otir  Lind. 
Ii/ d  letters  on  Sdesia,  180  |j  lectures 

ind  orillory,  2  vols..    IHlO;   Itiiinot 

I  Moetic  hiHtoriciil  t.ile,  18;i'J;  poems 

-ot„tx,  and  various  oicasional 


v.ui.  (liiil  Dec 


of  Cong? 
He  pii 

on    rliclt. 
M;,<cMom  .1  ■ 

of    r  lij;ic)ii 
adiln     cs, 

A1).\MS,  Ha 
74,  and  »an  iIh'  Hr  ^t  ff-nuit  of  iht 
at    Moiin'     Xiiburn      She  was  In 
M  Ks. ;  I,,     mtlur  1. 

leii  she  ten 

i.c  first  .\i.  1 1 1-    ii 
lileratiire:  but  i 
eonsidcnili^c      ^ 
very   deaf,  a 
fond  of  stroll 
besl()vc<l  i||,i. 

ney  1"^  Chcl 
liy  land,  ami  ;i 
ten  miles,  her  o»i 
lished  a  history 
of   religions,   180  i^ 

controversy  will 
till    Gospels,  2d  ( 
her^'lf,  with  nddiii 
ADAMS,  FiiKM 
nnd  of  niatlicmntie- 
Aug.   lo,  1841,  nged 
Il)swich,  nnd  gradual!' 
His  daughter  married 


I'l.  l.s;Jl,  ageil 

uiryiug-ground 

II  in  Medlield, 

'tnittore;  her  mother  died 

irs  old.     She  was  perhaps 

who  devoted  her  lil'e  to 

s  of  her  laliiM's  were  iii- 

laider  the  middle  stature, 

.ippet*  sniiil'-tnker,  and  very 

\  U%  fioble-niinded  friends 


ic  '  .mforts  of  li;e.     A  joiir- 

is  I  le  farthest  she  hail  been 

oni   Itoston  to  Xaliaiil,  only 

oyngc  by  water.      She  ])ub- 

'v«'w  I'.ngland,  17!)!>;  a  view 

i story  of  the   Jews,  1812; 

Mti.i  e,   l,S14i    letters    on 

■     ,\  memoir,  written  by 

.\  a  liiend,  1H;{2. 

professor   of  languages 

Dartmouth  college,  died 

He  was  born  at  Xew 

ill   1701  nt  Dartmouth. 

1,     ssor  Young  of  tho 


same  college. 

ADAMS,  U?:njamin,  di  i  at  Uxbridge  March 
28,  1837,  nged  72.  A  gniduatc  of  IJrown  univer- 
sity in  1788,  ho  was  a  lawyer,  and  a  member  of 
Congress  from  181()  to  1821;  a  man  of  integrity 
and  worth,  and  much  resjierted. 

ADAMS,  John  AV.,  presbytcrian  minister,  died 
at  Syracuse  March  4,  18,jo,  nged  i'i4.  He  was 
the  son  of  Rev.  Roger  A.,  of  Conn.,  and  wa.s 
settled  over  the  first  church  Dec.  14,  1821.  Tho 
church  members  were  three  hundred  and  sixty- 
five  in  number. 

ADAMS,  Xi:vTO\,  M.  D.,  missionary  among 
tho  Zulus  in  S.  Africa,  died  Sejit.  10,  1851,  aged 
47.  Born  in  Ka.st  IJloomfleld.  N.  Y.,  he  decided 
to  become  a  missionary  in  181)4,  and  wont  nut  as 
a  physician;  but  was  ordained  in  1844.  He  was 
I  one  of  the  sL\  men,  who  with  thcii*  wives  sailed 


14 


ADAMS. 


ALBF.X. 


from  Hoston  in  Dec,  1834,  to  lay  the  foundation 
of  tlio  /iilii  mission. 


West,  in  Jan.,  1847,  Offed    120.     llo  was   seven 
times  married  :  his  {»randcliildreii  were  .'!"()  boys 


ADAAIS,  CiiAUi.is  Ji.vKlii.  (lied  at  St.  Tliomas  i  and  '_'()()  irivis. 
of  tiie  fever  .Ian.  11>,  IN-VJ,  a;,'ed  .'JS.  lie  ^'  is  j  Al'I'ldlX,  llonilltT,  a  ]ninler  in  I'liiladeli'liia, 
])ro('e.ssor  at  Amlierst  eollepje  of  /ooloi^'V  and  .i--  ;  came  to  tliis  country  in  17(i!),  e.nd  died  .luly,  IH()2, 
tronomy  from  IS47,  and  had  been  professor  of  I 'ij^ed  (JH.  l'"or  his  attachment  to  American  lllicrty, 
elieniistry  and  natural  history  at  Sliddieljury.  I  lie  was  tlirowii  into])risoii  liy  tlieliritisli.  Amon;^ 
lie  |)ul>li^hed  l{e]:orts  as  State  fjeolo^'ist  of  Ver- '  his  ]iul)lications  were  a  ina;;azine,an  edition  of  the 
nioiit,  and  a  worli  with  Prof,  (iray  on  fjeolo/^y.  i  Itihle,  and  the  transactions  of  the  Anier.  I'hil. 
S')nie  of  his  writiiifrs  on /oolo,','y  are  in  theaimal^    Soc.     He    was  the   author,  it  is  believed,  of  an 


of  tlie  Lyceum  of  Natural  History  of  Xew  York. 

ADAMS,  Zai!1)1i;i,  IJoyi.stox,  M.  D.,  died  in 

Boston  .Ian.  'J.*,  lS,j.<,  a/red  (iL'.     IJorn  in  ]lox 


iii(]uiry  concorniii!;  tiie  princijdes  of  a  commercial 
system  for  the  United  States,  17.S7.     Jane  Aitken, 
his  dau;»liter,  continued  the  business;  she  pnntcd 
bury,  he  j,'raduated  in  IHl.'J,  and  was  a  skilful  and  !  Thomjison's  Se]itiiajrint. —  Tlimiitis,  it.  77. 
beloved  |)!iyM;iau.  |      AKF.UI.Y,    Samiki,,   M.  ]).,  died   at    Statcn 

ADDIXCiTOX,  IsAAr,  secretary  of  the  ])rov- 1  Island  .hily  (!,  IK  l.j,  a-ijed  (JO.  He  studied  witli  his 
iiiee  of  .Massachusetts,  died  at  ISoston  March  10,  brother-in-law,  Mitchell,  and  contributed  larj^ely 
171.).  ajjed  70  years.  His  father  was  Isaac;  his  to  medical  and  scientific  journals.  He  was  one 
motlicr  was  Anne,  dau^diter  of  elder  Thomas  j  of  the  founders  of  the  institutions  for  tlic  deaf 
I.everett,  sister  of  (iov.  1..;  his  sister  Jfebecca  I  and  dumb,  and  the  blind. 

married  ('a|)t.  I",.  ])aven])<)rt ;  his  .sister  Sarah  AlJH'.U'r,  I'li'.liUK  Antomi:,  rector  of  the 
married  Col.  I'enn  'I'ownseiul.  He  sustained  a  |  French  I'rotestant  Fpisco])al  Cluirch  in  Xew 
hijjfli  character  lor  talents  and  learnin;,'.  and  for  j  York,  was  the  descendant  of  a  hiifhly  resjiectable 
integrity  and  (lili;;ence  in  his  ])ublic  services.  He  I  family  in  Lausanne,  Switzerland,  lieiuji;  invited 
was  secretary  more  than  twenty  years,  and  for  I  to  take  the  chai'i'-ic  of  the  church  in  the  city 
many  years  a  maf,'islrate  and  mendier  of  the  I  of  Xew  Y'ork,  which  w.is  founded  by  the  ]!erse- 
coniicil,  elected  by  the  ]:eo])le;  and  was  alr.o  some- 1  cuted  Hu;!:uenots  alU'r  the  revocation  of  the  edict 
times '•useful  in  ])racli:iii,u;  physic  and  chiruvfjery."  I  of  Xantes,  he  commenced  his  labors  ,Iuly  ~(j, 
He  was  .siu^'ularly  meek  and  Innnble  and  di:  inter-  j  1707,  and  died  July  12,  1800,  aged  -10.  He  was 
ested.  In  his  liimily  he  was  a  daily  wor.  hip])er  ,  an  accom])li  hcd  fjjenlleman,  an  erudite  .scholar,  a 
of  God.  'J'he  rolifjion,  which  he  jjrolcssed,  gave  in'olound  theologian,  and  a  most  eloquent  preacher. 
him  peace,  as  he  went  down  to  the  dead. —  A  stranger,  of  iniobtrnsive  maimers  and  in\iiicil)lo 
WiKJ.iiriiitli'uFiinendScnn.;  Ilutchinsoii, I.  il-i;  modesty,  he  led  a  very  retired  U!e.  His  worth, 
11.  212.  however,  could   not  be  concealed.     He  was   es- 


ADDIS,  Asa,  chief  justice  of  Vt.,  died  at  St. 
Albans  Oct.  lo,  1847,  aged  77.  He  was  a  grad- 
uate of  lirown  university. 

ADDISON',  .\i,i-.xaM)I:r,  a  distinguished  lawyer, 
died  at  Pittsburg.  Peim.,  Xov.  24,  1807,  aged  4H. 
In  the  oflice  of  a  judge  for  twelve  years  he  was  a 
luminous  expounder  of  the  law,  ])rom])t  and  ini- 
])artial,  and  never  was  there  an  a])])eal  from  his 


teemed  and  beloved  by  all  his  acquaintance.  — 
Md.tudrliiinclt.t  Mi.s.siiiiKiri/  Miij/azi'in;  iv,  78. 

AI.DF.N,  John,  a  magistrate  of  Plymouth 
colony,  was  one  of  the  first  company  which  fettled 
Xew  l',n!,da!id.  He  arrived  in  KiUO,  and  his  life 
was  ])r(donged  till  Sept.  12,  1087,  when  he  died, 
aged  about  80  years.  When  sent  by  his  friend, 
('aj)t.  Standish,  to   make  for  him    ])ro])osals   of 


judgment.  His  various  jmwerl'ul  talents  and  e.\- j  marriage  to  Priscilla  ^lullins,  the  lady  said  to 
tensive  learning  were  displayed  in  luunerous  writ- 1  him,  —  "  Prithee,  John,  why  do  you  not  s])eak  for 
ings,  wliich  evinced  not  oidy  a  cogency  in  reason- j  yourself  ?  "  This  intimation  of  preference  from 
ing,  but  a  classic  jiuritx  of  style,  and  a  unil'orm  I  the  li])a  of  one  of  the  Pilgrim  beauties  was  not 
regard  to  the  interests  of  virtue.  He  was  dis- 1  to  be  overlooked.  Priscilla  became  hi.s  wife.  Ho 
interested,  generous,  beneiic'ent.  He  published  '  was  a  very  worthy  and  nsel'ul  man,  of  great  hu- 
observatioiis  on  CJalhitin's  speech,  1708;  aiuilysis  I  mility  and  eminent  ])icty.  He  was  an  assistant 
of  rejjort  of  committee  of  Virginia  jVssembly, '  in  the  administration  of  every  governor  for  m.iny 
18(10;  re]}orts  in  Peims.  1800.  I  years.     A  jirofcssed  disei])le  of  Je.sus  Christ,  he 

ADILVIN,    U()iii;iiT,    LL.  D.,    died   at  X^cw 'lived  in  accordance  with  his  j)ro!'csrion.     In  his 


nrunswick,  N.  J..  Aug.  10,  18|;5.  aged  08.  A 
native  of  Ireland,  he  came  to  this  country  with 
Emmet.  He  was  jirolessor  of  mathematics  at 
llutgers  college,  also  at  Columbia  college. 


!     I! 


last  illness  he  was  ])atient  and  resigned,  fully  be- 
lieving that  God,  who  iiad  imparted  to  him  the 
love  of  excellence,  would  jierfect  the  work,  which 
he  had  begun,  and  would  render  him  completely 
AGATl',  Fiii:i)i:unK  S.,  died  at  Xew  York  in  !  holy  in  lu -iven. 
May,  1814,  aged  If";  an  iiistorieal  jiainter  of  con-       ALDEX,   Joiix,   died   at   Middleborough,   in 
siderable  reputation  among  .American  artists.  1821,  aged  102;  the  great  grandson  of  J.  A.,  of 

AUvKX,  U.vxiKL,  died  at  Wexford,  Cenada  I  the  Mavflower. 


ALDEX. 


ALEXANDER. 


16 


AT.DEX,  .It  DAll,  (lietl  nt  Duxlniry  March  2, 
ISJ,"),  afji'il  !»4.  He  was  a  jiatiiof  and  oflicor  of 
the  Iti'voliitioii,  ami  iircsidcnt  oftlii'  CiiiciniKiti. 

AI.Dl'-N.  Sktii,  (lii'd  at  'I'ilicut  Vvh.  22,  IS.j.j, 
at;id  .s;{;  adfMi'iidaiit  of  Joliii  Aklcii.tliL'  youii','- 
cst  of  iiiiit'li'i'ii  fhildi't'ii. 

ALDEX,  'I'l.MoniY,  n  descendant  of  John  Al- 
dcn,  was  <;ra(hiateil  at  ILirvard  collefie  in  IT(i'J, 
and  settled  Dec.  l.'i.  17()!»,  at  Yarmouth,  Mass., 
wliere  lie  died  Nov.  13,  ISL'S,  ajj;ed  !)1  years. 
Eor  more  than  half  a  century  he  was  a  faithful 
lahorer  in  the  cause  of  relifjion.  His  iieo])le,  in 
their  affection  to  him,  ^ave  him  n  eomfortahle 
KUjjport  f(n'  years  after  he  had  ceased  to  teach 
them.     He  ])ulilishe(l  a  dedication  sermon,  l~'.)o. 

ALDI'^X,  Timothy,  D.  D.,  son  of  the  jn-c- 
ccdiuf;,  died  at  Tittsljur;,'  .Tnly  ii,  IS,'!!).  a},'e<l  (iS. 
He  was  a  graduate  of  Harvard  in  17iM,  a  minis- 
ter in  Portsmouth,  and  ])resi(lent  of  Alk'tjliany 
culle^'e  at  ^Icadville.  He  ])ul)lishe(l  a  sermon  on 
the  death  of  \\'asliiMfj;ton,  iNdO;  account  of  socie- 
ties in  I'ortsnioulli,  ISOH  ;  a  century  sermon,  ISll ; 
Xew  Jersey  llcfjister,  1811;  collection  of  epitaphs, 
0  vols.,  1,S!4;  Allef,'hany  Majjazine,  ISIO. 

ALDEX,  IcilAlioD,  colonel,  was  idlled  by  the 
Lidians  at  Cherry  Valley  in  Xov.,  177H. .  He 
conunanded  a  Massachusetts  regiment  in  the  war. 
He  was  the  descendant  of  John  Alden  ;  and  a  s(m 
of  Samuel,  of  Du.xhury,  who  died  in  17.S(),  aged  !».'5. 

ALDEX,  ]{(i(;i;u,  major,  an  oihccr  of  the  Kevo- 
lution,  died  at  West  I'oiiit  Xov.  6,  183(5,  aged  88. 

ALEXAXDEU,  an  Indian,  was  the  son  and 
successor  of  Massivssoit,  and  brother  of  King 
riiilin.  His  Indian  name  was  AVamsutta.  lie 
received  his  English  name  in  IGJG.  IJeing  sus- 
jiectcd  of  conspiring  with  the  Xarragansctts 
against  the  Ihiglish,  he  was  cai)tured  hy  surprise, 
hy  Major  Winslowin  1002,  and  carried  to  Marsh- 
field.  The  indignant  sachem  fell  sick  of  a  fever, 
and  was  allowed  to  return,  under  a  ])lcdge  of  a])- 
jiearhig  at  the  next  court ;  l)ut  he  died  on  his 
way.  Judge  Davis  gives  a  nn'nute  account  of 
this  aflair.  Dr.  Holmes  ])laccs  the  occurrence  in 
1().J7.  —  /hinV  Miiiinii,  287  ;  IIoIiik.i,  i.  ;{()H. 

ALEXAXD1;K,  J.\mi:s,  secretary  of  the  jjrov- 
ince  of  Xew  York,  and  many  years  one  of  the 
council,  arrived  in  the  colony  in  17I.>.  He  was  a 
Seotch  gentleuKui,  who  was  lired  to  the  law. 
(iov.  llurnelt  was  particularly  attached  to  him. 
Though  not  distuiguislied  for  his  talents  as  a 
public  sjjeaker,  he  was  at  the  head  of  his  pro- 
fession for  sagacity  and  penetration.  Imminent 
for  his  knowledge,  he  was  also  comnnniieativc 
and  easy  of  access.  Uy  honest  practice  and  ini- 
wearicd  ap])hcation  to  bushiess,  he  acipiired  a 
great  estate,  lie  died  in  the  beginning  of 
17.")(').  —  t'liiilli'a  Xcir  Voi/c,  lij2. 

ALKXAXDEK,  AVii.i.i.vM,  commonly  called 
Lord  .Stirling,  a  major-general  in  the  Anu-rican 
army,  was  a  native  of  the  city  of  Xew  York,  the 


son  of  the  secretary,  James  Alexander,  but  sjient 
n  consi(leral)le  jiart  of  his  life  in  Xew  Jersey. 
He  was  considered  by  many  as  ihe  rightful  heir 
to  the  title  and  estate  of  an  earldom  in  Scotland, 
of  which  country  his  father  v>.m  a  native;  and 
although,  when  lie  went  to  Xorth  IJritain  in  jnir- 
siiit  of  this  inheritance,  he  failed  of  oiitaining  an 
acknowledgment  of  his  claim  liy  government,  yet 
among  his  friends  and  acipiaiutances  he  received 
liy  courtesy  the  title  of  Lord  Stirling.  —  He  dis- 
covered an  early  fondness  for  the  study  of  mathe- 
matics and  astronomy,  and  attained  great  emi- 
nence in  these  sciences. 

In  the  battle  on  Long  Island  Aug.  27,  1770, 
he  was  taken  jn'isoner,  after  liaving  secured  to  a 
large  jiart  of  the  detachment  an  o]i])ortiinity  to 
eseajje  by  a  bold  attack  with  fmir  hundred  men 
upon  a  corjis  under  Lord  Cornwallis.  His  at- 
tachment to  AVashiugton  was  jiroved  in  the  latter 
Jiart  of  1777,  by  transmitting  to  him  an  account 
of  the  disaffection  of  Gen.  ("onway  to  the  com- 
mander-in-chief. In  the  letter  he  said :  "  Such 
wicked  du])licity  of  conduct  I  shall  always  think 
it  my  duty  to  detect."  He  died  at  Albany  Jan. 
15,  178;i,  aged  'u  years.  lie  was  a  brave,  dis- 
cerning, and  intrejiid  otKecr.  —  He  married  Sarah, 
daughter  of  I'iiili])  Livingston.  His  eldest  daugh- 
ter, Mary,  married  John  AVatts,  of  a  wealthy 
family  in  Xew  Y'ork.  Ho  published  a  pam]ihlet, 
"The  conduct  of  Maj.-(icn.  Shirley  briefly  stated." 
—  Miller,  II.  ;5!)0;  ' llobnci,  II.  247;  Mnrtshull, 
III.  Xiili'  Xo  V. 

ALi:X.\XI)ER,  X.\TU.\NIKL,  governor  of 
Xorth  Carolina,  was  graduated  at  I'rincetou  in 
177G,  and  after  studying  medicine  entered  the 
army.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  resided  at  the 
High  Hills  of  Santec,  pursuing  his  jirofession, 
and  afterwards  at  Mecklenburg.  AVhile  he  held 
a  seat  in  Congress,  the  Legishilurc  elected  him 
governor  in  1800.  He  died  at  Salisbury  March 
8,  1808,  aged  u2.  In  all  his  jiublic  stations  ho 
discharged  his  duty  with  ability  and  firmness.  — 
L'hdrhxldii  Coll)  if);  Mil  nil  2.'i. 

ALl'XAXDEK,  C.\i.i:n,  D.  I).,  a  native  of 
Xorthfield,  Mass.,  and  a  graduate  of  Yale  in 
1777,  was  ordained  at  Xew  Marlborough,  Alass., 
ill  1781,  and  dismissed  in  KN2.  He  was  agahi 
settled  at  Mendon,aiid  disini.stl  in  bso.'j.  After 
an  iiielfcctual  altemjit  to  estalilish  a  college  at 
h'airlield,  State  of  Xew  York,  lie  look  the  charge 
of  the  academy  at  Onondaga  Hollow,  where  he 
died  in  .\iiril,  1828.  He  |niblislied  an  essay  on 
the  deity  of  Jesus  Christ,  with  strictures  on  Em- 
lyn,  1701;  a  Latin  grammar,  1701;  an  English 
grammar,  and  grammar  elements.  —  IILsIidi/  of 
Jli-iLtliin;  20.'j. 

ALi;X.VXI)El{,  Auciiiiui.i),  D.  I).,  jirofessor 
of  theology  at  Princeton,  was  the  descendant  of  a 
Scotch-Irish  family,  wliich  came  over  about  173(5 
and  settled  in  the  great  valley  of  A'u-giiiia;  aud 


16 


ALFORD. 


was  the  son  of  AVilliam  A.    He  died  Oct.  22, 

18jl,  af,'cd  70.  Almtit  ISOl  lie  was  piTsidont  of 
IIami:tion  Sidney  ci)ll(-;>:f.  niul  iiuinicd  Janctta, 
daughter  of  llvv.  ])r.  'Waddel,  of  Louisi  county, 
Va.  In  1800  he  succeeded  Dr.  Milledoler  in  Tine 
street  church  in  I'hihi.  In  1S12  he  hccanie  the 
professor  of  tlieolo^ry  in  the  new  Kcniinary  at 
Princeton.  Dr.  Miller  came  in  Dec,  1813.  lie 
remained  with  honor  in  this  important  station 
until  his  death.  He  left  six  sons  and  a  daupfhtcr; 
three  were  ministers,  two  hrvyers,  one  a  ])hysician. 
His  hrother,  Miij.  ,Iohn  A.,  who  served  in  the  war 
of  1812,  died  at  Lexington  in  18.j.'}. 

Ho  ]ml>lishcd  a  sermon  at  Philadelphia,  1808; 
on  the  hurnin};  of  the  theatre,  1811 ;  missionary, 
IKl.'J;  inauf^ural;  Christian  evidences,  182.3;  canon 
of  Hihle;  to  youn-jrincn,  1820;  on  Swiday  schools, 
1820;  growth  in  grace;  before  Amer.  Board, 
1820;  hymns,  sehvted,  1831;  on  jmstoral  ollice; 
lives  of  jiatriarciisj  history  of  Israel;  house  of 
God;  the  ])eople  of  God  led,  18-12;  at  Washing- 
ton college,  1813;  sketches  in  regard  to  the  log 
college,  184,);  history  of  colonization  ;  outlines  of 
moral  science;  intnxl.  to  Henry,  liates.  Jay,  and 
AVaterhury;  ]n'actical  sermons;  letters  to  the 
aged ;  counsels  to  the  young ;  against  Univcr.sal- 
ism;  com))end  of  liihle  truth;  on  experience; 
life  of  Ilaxtcr ;  of  Jlclville ;  of  Knox ;  way  of 
salvation,  with  various  other  tracts,  as  on  justifica- 
tion hy  faith ;  the  day  of  judgment ;  and  the 
misery  of  the  lost.  His  Hfe  by  hi.s  son.  Dr.  J. 
W.  A.,  was  published  in  18J4  by  C.  Scribncr,  N. 
York. 

ALFOPiD,  AmoAiL,  died  at  Northampton  Aug. 
20,  IToO,  aged  102. 

ALICi:,  a  slave,  died  in  Bristol,  Pcnn.,  in  1802, 
aged  IIC).  She  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  which 
])laco  she  remembered  as  chiefly  a  wilderness 
inhabited  by  Indians.  For  ibrty  years  she  was 
cmj)loycd  in  ferrying.  She  retained  her  hearing, 
but  was  blind  at  the  age  of  one  hundred ;  though 
her  sight  was  gradually  restored.  Her  hair  be- 
came white.  L'nable  to  read,  she  loved  to  have 
the  Bible  read  to  her.  A  worthy  member  of  the 
Ejnscopal  church,  she  ant!ci])ated  the  hai)i)iucss  of 
dwelling  in  the  jirescnce  of  her  Saviour. 

ALl'OU]),  .loiix,  founder  of  the  professorship 
of  natural  religion,  moral  jdiilosophy,  and  civil 
])olity  in  Harvard  college,  died  at  Charlestown 
Scj)t.  20,  1"()1,  aged  T.J.  He  had  been  a  member 
of  the  council.  His  executors  deternihied  the 
particular  objecis,  to  which  his  be(iuest  for  charit- 
able uses  should  be  a])i)lied,  and  divided  it 
tqually  between  Harvard  college,  Princeton  col- 
lege, and  the  society  for  the  ]:ropagation  of  the 
Gosjjel  among  tlic  Inditms.  To  the  latter  l(),()7,j 
dollars  were  ]:aid  in  1787.  Levi  Frisbie  was  the 
first  Alford  jirofessor. 

ALLI'.X,  JoiiN",  first  minister  of  Hedham, 
Mass.,  was  born  in  ICngland  in  lo'JO,  and  was 


ai.li:n. 

driven  from  his  native  land  during  the  persecution 
of  the  Puritans.  1  le  had  been  lor  a  number  of 
years  a  faithful  jjreacher  of  the  Gosjiel.  Soon 
after  he  arrived  in  New  F'ngland,  he  was  settled 
pastor  of  the  church  in  Dedham  A])ril  21,  1030. 
Here  he  continued  till  his  death  Aug.  20,  1071, 
aged  74.  He  was  a  man  of  great  meekness  and 
humility,  and  of  considerable  distinction  in  his 
day.  Mr.  Cotton  sjjcaks  of  him  with  respect  m 
his  i)reface  to  Norton's  answer  to  Ajjollonius. 
He  pubhshcd  a  defence  of  the  nine  jjositious,  in 
which,  with  Mr.  She])ard  of  Cambridge,  he  dit;- 
cusses  tlic  jioints  of  church  discipline ;  and  a 
defence  of  the  Synod  of  1002,  against  Mr. 
Chauncy,  under  the  title  of  Animadversions  uj)on 
the  Antisvniodaha,  4to,  1004.  This  work  is  pre- 
served in  the  New*  England  library.  The  last 
two  sermons,  which  he  preached,  were  j)rinted 
after  his  death.  —  Mof/uulia,  ill.  132;  I'reiitinis' 
Funeral  Srrwnn  on  Ihivcn. 

ALLEN,  Thomas,  minister  of  Charlestown,  was 
born  at  Norwich  in  England,  in  1008,  and  was 
educated  at  Cambridge.  He  was  afterwards  nun- 
istcr  of  St.  Edmond's  in  Norwich,  but  was 
silenced  by  bishop  Wren,  about  the  year  1030,  for 
retusing  to  read  the  book  of  sports  and  conform 
to  other  imjiosilions.  Li  1038  he  fled  to  New 
England,  and  was  the  same  year  installed  in 
Charlestown,  whore  he  was  a  faitliful  jireacher  of 
the  Gospel  till  about  IGiil,  when  he  retm'ncd  to 
Norwich,  and  continued  the  exercise  of  his  minis- 
try till  1002.  He  aftenvards  j)reachcd  to  his 
church  on  all  occasions,  that  offered,  till  his  death, 
Sept.  21,  1073,  aged  00.  He  was  a  very  pious 
man,  greatly  beloved,  and  an  able,  practical 
preacher. 

He  published  an  invitation  to  thirsty  shiners  to 
come  to  their  Saviour ;  the  way  of  the  S]iirit  in 
bringing  souls  to  Clirist ;  the  glory  of  Christ  t,et 
forth,  with  the  necessity  of  faith,  in  several  cer- 
mons ;  a  chain  of  Scri])turc  chronology  I'rom  the 
creation  to  the  death  of  Christ,  in  seven  periods. 
This  was  ])rinted  in  10u8,  and  was  regarded  as  a 
very  learned  and  useful  work.  It  is  preserved  in 
the  New  England  hbrary,  established  by  'Sir. 
Prince,  by  whom  the  authors  quoted  ia  the  book 
arc  written  in  the  beginning  of  it  in  his  own 
hand.  Mr.  Allen  \n'ote  also,  with  !Mr.  Shejiard,  in 
1045,  a  jireface  to  a  treatise  on  liturgies,  &c.  com- 
jioscd  by  the  latter.  He  contends,  that  only 
visible  siiints  and  believers  should  be  received  to 
communion.  —  MaqwiL  III.  21o ;  NoncovJ'urmtsin' 
Mi'Dioriiil,!.  2o4;  III.  11,  12. 

ALLEN,  M.VTTiiF.w,  one  of  the  first  settlers  of 
Connecticut,  came  to  this  country  with  ^Ir.  Hooker 
in  1()32,  and  become  a  landholder  in  Cambridge, 
in  the  records  of  which  towni  his  lands  and  houses 
arc  described.  He  accompanied  Mr.  Hooker  to 
Hartford  in  1030,  and  was  a  magistrate.  In  the 
charter  of  1002  he  is  named  as  one  of  the  com- 


ALLEN. 


-\LLE\. 


17 


pniiy.  His  public  Rcnnces  wore  various.  In  l()(i4 
he  ?s  called  Mr.  Allou,  senior.  He  niii^ht  have 
been  llie  ihllierof  John.  There  was,  however,  a 
"Air.  Matthew  Allen,  a  nia^'istrate,  in  17 10 ;  another 
of  the  same  name  in  Windsor,  in  IT.'J'J.  Trum- 
bell  gives  tlie  name  Alien;  but  Matlicr  wrote 
AUyn. 

ALI.r.X,  John,  secretary  of  the  colony  of 
Connecticut,  was  chosen  a  niajjistratc  under  the 
charter  in  l(i()2  and  treasurer  in  lOti.'J.  lie  was 
on  the  committee,  with  Mattliew  Allen  and  .lohn 
Talcott,  res])ecting  tlie  imion  with  Now  Haven  in 
KiOIJ.  He  ai)]iears  to  have  been  secretary  as 
early  as  Dec,  1001;  .Tose])li  .Mien  had  been  sec- 
retary belore  liini.  He  was  also  secretary  in  l().s;{ 
and  on  the  committee  res])ectinj;  the  boundary  of 
New  York.  The  time  of  liis  deatli  is  not  known. 
One  of  his  name  was  maj^istrate  as  late  as  1700. 
The  hist(n'y  of  the  l'e(]uot  war.  f^iven  by  Increase 
Maiher  in  his  Itelation  in  1077,  was  not  written 
by  Mr.  -Mien,  as  .Iud;;e  l)avis  erroneously  sup- 
poses, but  merely  coninumicated  by  him  to  Mr. 
Mather. — Daeis'  Morion,  190;  Pibicc's  Iittvod. 
to  M'lxmi'n  Ifisf. 

ALLEX,  .Iaxit.s,  minister  in  Boston,  came  to 
this  country  in  l(i02,  recommended  by  Mr.  Good- 
win. Ho  had  been  a  iellow  of  New  collcj^e, 
0.\ford.  He  was  at  this  time  a  younj;  man,  and 
possessed  considerable  talents.  lie  was  very 
plcasinp;  to  many  of  the  clun'ch  in  Hostoii,  and  an 
attcmjit  was  made  to  settle  him  as  assistant  to 
^Ir.  AA'ilson  and  Mr.  Norton.  He  was  ordained 
teacher  of  the  first  church  Dec.  !),  lOOS,  as 
collea;j;Me  with  Mr.  Davoniiort,  who  was  at  the 
same  time  ordained  jiastor.  After  the  death  of 
^Ir.  Davenport,  he  had  for  his  collea-JiMe  Mr. 
Oxenbridffe,  and  after  his  decease  Mr.  Wadsworth. 

In  100!)  seventeen  ministers  ])ubhshed  their 
testimony  aj^ainst  the  conduct  of  Mr.  Allen  and 
Mr.  Davenport  in  relation  to  the  settlement  of 
the  latter.  They  were  charged  with  communica- 
tin;;  jiarts  only  of  letters  from  the  churcii  of  New 
Haven  to  the  church  of  Boston,  by  which  means, 
it  was  said,  the  church  was  deceived  ;  but  they  in 
defence  asserted,  that  the  letters  retahied  did  not 
represent  things  differently  from  what  liad  been 
stated.  The  whole  colony  was  interested  in  the 
controversy  between  the  first  and  the  new,  or  third 
church.  At  length  the  General  Court,  in  1070, 
declared  the  conduct  of  those  churches  and  ciders, 
who  assisted  in  establishing  the  third  church,  to 
be  illegal  and  disorderly.  At  the  next  session, 
however,  as  there  was  a  change  of  the  members 
of  the  General  Court,  the  censure  was  taken  off. 
It  seems,  the  act  of  censure  was  ex]n-essed  in  lan- 
guage very  intemperate,  and  invasion  of  the  rights 
of  churches  and  assumjition  of  ])rclatical  ])ower 
were  declared  in  it  to  be  among  the  prevailing 
c\ils  of  the  day.  The  charge  was  so  general,  an(l 
it  threatened  to  operate  so  unl'avorably  on  religion, 

3 


that  a  number  of  the  very  ministers,  who  had 
pul)hshed  their  testimony  against  the  elders  of 
the  first  cluu'cli,  wrote  an  address  to  the  court, 
re])resenting  tlie  intemjierate  nature  of  the  vote; 
and  it  was  in  conseipience  revoked,  and  the  new 
church  was  exculpated.  Mr.  Allen  died  Scjjt. 
'2'2,  1710,  aged  7H  years.  His  sons  were  James, 
John,  and  Jeremiah,  Iiorn  in  1070,  1071',  and 
107.'}.  'J'lie  last  was  chosen  treasurer  of  the  prov- 
ince in  171.). 

He  ])ublished  liealthfnl  diet,  n  sermon ;  New 
England's  choicest  Idessiii;^^-,  an  election  sernicm, 
107!);  nerious  advice  to  delivered  ones;  man's 
!  self-reliection  a  means  to  lurther  his  recovery 
from  his  ajiostasy  from  God;  and  two  j)raclical 
discourses.  —  llnlihiii.stiii'K  Jlist.  o/' Mii.sn.  i.  173, 
222,  22.J,  270 ;  Collcdion.i  vf  lli'c  hist.  Sucitli/, 
IX.   17.'t;  CiiUimy. 

AIjLEN,  S.\mij:i„  a  merchant  of  London,  pro- 
prietor of  a  part  of  New  Hampshire,  made  the 
jnu'chase  of  the  heirs  of  Mason  in  10!)  1.  The 
territory  included  J'ortsmouth  and  Dover,  and 
extended  sixty  miles  from  the  sea.  'I'he  settlers 
resisting  his  cliiims,  a  pcri)lcxing  litigation  fol- 
lowed. In  the  midst  of  it  Mr.  Allen  died  at 
Newcastle  May  !j,  no.j,  aged  0!).  He  sustained 
an  excellent  character.  Though  attached  to  the 
church  of  England,  he  attended  the  Congregal  ional 
meeting.  His  s<ni,  Tiiomas  Allen  of  I,ond(m, 
conthuicd  the  suit.  The  final  verdict  was  against 
him,  in  1707,  in  the  case,  Allen  r.s.  Waldron;  — 
i  lie  ap])ealed,  yet  his  death  in  17l.j,  before  the 
I  appeal  was  heard,  ])ut  an  end  to  the  suit.  The 
])rincipal  reliance  of  the  defendant  was  on  the 
Indian  deed  to  AVheclright  of  102!).  Tin's  Mr. 
Savage  has  satisiactorily  shown  to  bo  a  forgery  of 
a  later  date.  If  so,  it  would  seem,  that  the 
Aliens  were  wrongfully  dispossessed  of  a  valuable 
jjrovuice.  —  /)('/l:iirij>'n  N.  I[.  I.;  Hufdijc'ti  Witi- 
tUrop,  I.  40j;  N.  11.  Coll.  II.  i;J7. 

ALLEN,  Jami;s,  first  minister  of  Brooklino, 
Mass.,  was  a  native  of  Hoxbury,  and  was  gradua- 
ted at  Harvard  college  in  1710.  He  was  ordained 
Nov.  5,  1718,  and  after  a  ministry  of  twenty-eight 
years  died  of  a  lingering  consumi)tion  I'eb.  IS, 
1717,  aged  .O.j  years,  with  the  re])utation  of  a 
])ious  and  judicious  divine.  His  successors  were 
Cotton  Brown  from  1748  to  17.51;  Nathaniel 
I'ottor  from  17.J,")  to  \''>Q;  Jose]>h  Jackson  from 
1700  to  17!)G;  and  John  Pierce  fnmi  1707  to  1810. 
In  July,  174.'J,  he  gave  his  attestation  to  the  revival 
of  religion,  which  took  ])laco  throughout  the 
country,  and  made  known  the  success,  which  had 
attended  his  own  exertions  in  Brooklino.  Almost 
every  jjorson  in  his  congrogalioii  was  im])resscd 
in  some  degree  with  the  important  concerns  of 
another  world,  and  he  co\ild  no  more  doubt,  ho 
said,  that  there  was  a  remarkable  work  of  God, 
than  ho  could,  that  there  was  a  sun  in  the 
heavens.  Ailerwards,  from  iiccul in r circumstances, 


18 


ALLEX. 


ALLEX. 


Ijcrhajja  from  the  npostasy  of  koiuc,  who  had  a])-  [  incniher  of  ('')!if,'vess  and  of  the  Cominiltec  of 


j)t'nrcd  Kfroiif;  in  ;ht'  faith,  ho  was  led  to  sjieak 
of  this  revival  "uiiadviseiiiy  with  his  lips."  This 
jjroduced  an  alienation  anidni;  siime  of  his  former 
friends.  In  his  last  hours  ii'  li'd  a  ho])e.  which 
ho  would  not  j'.art  witli,as  he  sai.  lor  a  thousand 
worlds. 

lie  puhlL-^hed  a  flmnkspvin;!;  f^ernion,  17l'2;  a 


Safety;  and  'Williani  a  lieutenant-colonel  in  the 
continental  service,  hut  in  177H  lie  attemi)ted  to 
raise  a  r(');iment  of  torie^.  —  Mi/hr'.s  J'ltio.tpnt, 
II.  ;J.>1';  I'i'iikI'k  /Ji.sl.  of  l'ciiiisi//riiiua,U.  188  j 
.iiiiir.  /'riiKDiliriiiicci;  1777,  ]>.  iJ(i. 

AI.I,1'',X,  IIKMIY,  a  ])reacher  in  Xova  Scotia, 
was  horn  at  Newport,  U.  I.,  June  It,  174S,  and 


discoin-.se  on  I'rovideiu'c,  17'27!  the  doctrine  of  |  hefjan  to  ])ropa;;ate  some  very  Ninf,'ular  sentiments, 
meritexjiloded,  and  humility  recommended.  17:27;  ahout  the  year  177S.  He  was  a  man  of  ;;ood 
a  fixst  sermon,  on  the  eartlKpiake,  17li7;  a  sermon  '  caj'acity,  thou;^h  liis  mind  had  not  heen  much 
to  youujj  men,  I7.'J1;  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  |  cultivated,  and  thoufjli  he  possessed  a  warm 
S.  Asjjinwall,  17.'ili;  an  election  sermon.  1711.  i  ima;;ination.  He  helievcd,  that  the  souls  of  all 
— Pierce's  Cent.  Diifnurxc ;  Chrixlida  Hid.  I.  |  men  arc  emanations  or  jiarts  of  the  one  great 
304.  Sj)irit,  and  that  they  wore  jirLScnt  with  our  first 

ALLEX,  Jamks,  member  of  the   IIou-;c  of  i  parents  in   ]'',den   and  ])articipatcd  in  the  first 


Representatives  of  Massachusetts  a  iiumher  of 
years,  and  a  councillor,  was  ftraduatcd  at  Harvard 
college  in  1717,  and  died  .Ian.  8,  \':>'t,  aged  o~. 

In  the  Iicginm'iig  of  171!)  he  made  a  s])coeh  in 
the  House,  censuring  the  coiulnct  of  the  governor, 
for  which  he  was  rc(|niri'd  to  make  an  acknowl- 
edgment. As  he  declined  doing  this,  the  House 
issued  a  precc])t  for  the  choice  of  a  new  repre- 
sentative. When  re-elected,  he  was  not  ]iermitted 
to  t.ike  his  scat ;  hut  next  year  he  took  it,  and 
retained  it  till  his  death,  —  Mi'iiiil'n  J/lxi.  Mass. 
I.  101-1()7. 

ALLEX,  William,  the  first  minister  of  Green- 
land, N.  II.,  died  in  1700,  aged  84.  A  graduate 
of  Harvard  in  1703,  and  settled  in  1707,  he  had 
been  a  minister  fifty-three  years.  ^Ir.  MacClin- 
tock  became  his  colleague  in  HoG.  Before  his 
settlement  the  people  of  G.,  then  a  part  of 
Portsmouth,  were  accustomed  to  walk  six  or 
eight  miles  to  P.  to  meeting. 

ALLEX,  William,  chief  justice  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, was  the  son  of  William  Allen,  an  eminent 
merchant  of  Philadelphia,  who  died  in  172j. 
On  the  ajjjjroach  of  the  Revolution  ho  retired  to 
England,  where  he  died  riept.,  1780.  His  wife 
vas  a  daughter  of  Andrew  Hamilton,  whom  he 
succeeded  as  recorder  of  Philadelphia  in  1741. 
He  was  much  distinguished  as  a  friend  to  litera- 
ture. He  i)atronized  Sir  Penjamin  West,  the  j 
painter.  l)y  his  counsels  and  exertions  Dr. 
Franklin  was  much  assisted  in  establishing  the 
college  in  Philadeliihia.  He  jjuhlished  the 
American  crisis,  London,  1774,  in  which  he  sug- 
gests a  jilan  "for  restoring  the  dei)endencc  of 
America  to  a  state  of  perfection."  His  principles 
seem  to  have  heen  not  a  little  arbitrary.  On  his 
resignation  of  the  office  of  chief  justice,  to  which 
he  had  been  a])pointed  in  17o(),  he  was  succeeded, 
till  the  Pevolution,  by  Mr.  Chew,  attorney-general, 
and  Mr.  C'lu^w  by  his  son,  Andrew  Allen.  This 
son  died  in  London  March  7,  18L'j,  aged  85.  At 
the  close  of  177G  he  put  himself  under  the 
protection  of  Gen.  Howe  at  Trenton,  with  his 
brothers  John   and  William.    He  had  been  a 


transgression  ;  that  our  first  jiarcnts  in  innoceney 
were  jmre  spirit.s  without  material  bodies ;  that 
the  body  will  not  be  raised  from  tlic  grave ;  and 
that  the  ordinances  of  the  Gospel  are  matters  of 
indifierenco.  The  Scrii)tures,  he  contended,  liavc 
a  spiritual  meaning,  and  are  not  to  be  understood 
in  a  literal  sense.  He  died  at  the  house  of  Pcv. 
1).  M'Chn-e,  Xorthampton,  X.  II.,  Feb.  2,  1784, 
and  since  his  death  liis  j)arty  lias  much  declined. 
He  ])ublished  a  volume  of  hymns ;  and  several 
treatises  and  sermons. — Adams'  View  of  lie- 
llijiiiiis,  n(:iie<li(t,l.2H'2. 

ALLEX'^,  Ethan,  brigadier-general,  was  bom 
in  1738,  in  Woodbury,  Conn.  His  ancestor, 
Xehemiah,  was  a  brother  of  Samuel,  of  Xorth- 
ampton. His  j)arents  removed  to  Salisbury ;  at 
an  early  age  he  himself  emigrated  to  Vermont. 
At  the  commencement  of  the  disturbances  in  this 
territory  about  the  year  1770  he  took  a  most 
active  jjart  in  favor  of  the  "  Green  Mountain  Boys," 
as  the  settlers  were  then  called,  in  ojiposition  to 
the  government  of  Xew  York.  An  act  of  out- 
lawry against  him  was  passed  by  this  State,  and 
.jO  pounds  were  offered  lor  his  apj)rehension ;  but 
his  jjarty  was  too  numerous  and  faithful  to  jiermit 
him  to  be  disturbed  by  any  ajiprehensions  for  his 
safety ;  in  all  the  struggles  of  the  day  he  was 
successful;  and  ho  not  only  proved  a  valuable 
friend  to  tlio^^c,  vho>^e  ca'.ise  he  had  espoused,  but 
he  was  humane  and  generous  towards  those,  with 
whom  he  had  to  contend.  When  cfiUcd  to  take 
the  field,  he  showed  himself  an  able  leader  and 
an  intrej)id  soldier. 

The  news  of  the  battle  of  Lexington  deter- 
mined Col.  Allen  to  engage  on  the  side  of  his 
country,  and  inspired  him  with  the  desire  of 
demonstrating  his  att.ichment  to  liberty  by  some 
bold  exploit.  While  his  mind  was  in  this  state,  a 
plan  for  taking  Ticonderoga  and  Crown  Point  by 
surprise  was  formed  by  Ca])ts.  Edward  Mott  and 
Xoah  Phelps,  of  Hartford,  Conn.  They  marched 
privately  Ajnil  29th,  with  sixteen  unarmed  men. 
Arriving  at  Pittsfield,  the  residence  of  Col.  James 
Easton  and  John  Brown,  Esq.,  they  communicated 


ALLEX. 


ALLEN. 


19 


the  project  to  thorn  nnd  to  Col.  Etlinn  Allen,  then 
at  I'ittKtield.  Tiicsu  (fciitlemen  imnu'tliiitcly  en- 
gii;,'f(i  to  t'o-opcriite  nml  to  raise  men  for  the  jHir- 
lM)se.  Ol'lhe  llerkshire  men  nnd  the  "Green  Moun- 
tain Hoys  "  two  hundred  and  thirty  were  collected, 
under  the  command  of  Allen,  nnd  jirocceded  to  I 
Custleton.  Here  he  waw  luiexpectedly  joined 
hy  Col.  Arnold,  who  had  heen  commissioned  hy 
the  MasNUchusetts  committee  to  rnise  four  hundred 
men  and  ellect  t!i(!  same  ohject,  which  was  now 
nhout  to  he  accomi)lishcd.  Ah  lie  had  not  raised 
the  men,  he  wan  mlmitted  to  act  as  an  assistant  to 
Col.  Allen.  They  reached  tho  lake  opjiosite 
TiconderoRn  Tuesday  oveninfj.  May  9,  1775. 
With  the  utmost  dilliculty  honts  were  procured, 
nnd  eighty-three  men  were  landed  near  the  gar- 
rison. The  np])ronch  of  day  rendering  it  danger- 
ous to  wait  for  the  rear,  it  was  determined  imme- 
diately to  jirocced.  The  commander-in-chief  now 
addressed  his  men,  representing,  that  they  had 
heen  for  n  niimher  of  years  a  scourge  to  arbitrary 
power,  nnd  famed  for  their  vnlor,  and  concluded 
with  saying,  "  I  now  i)ro])ON0  to  advance  heforc 
you,  and  in  jiorson  conduct  you  through  the 
wicket  gate,  and  you,  that  will  go  with  nio  volun- 
tarily in  this  desperate  attemi)t,  ])oise  your  fire- 
locks." At  the  head  of  the  centre  file  he  ninrched 
instantly  to  the  gate,  where  a  sentry  snajijied  his 
gun  at  him  nnd  retreated  through  the  covered 
way  J  he  ])ressed  forwnrd  into  the  fort,  and  formed 
his  men  on  the  jiarade  in  such  a  manner  as  to 
face  two  o])posite  harracks.  Three  huzzas  awoke 
the  garrison.  A  sentry,  who  asked  quarter, 
pointed  out  the  apartments  of  the  commanding 
ollicer ;  nnd  Allen,  with  n  drnwn  sword  over  the 
head  of  Cu\)t.  ])e  la  Place,  who  wns  undressed, 
demanded  the  surrender  of  the  fort.  "  Hy  what 
nuthority  do  you  demnnd  it?"  inquired  the 
astonished  eommnnder.  "I  demnnd  it,"  said 
Allen,  "  in  the  name  of  the  great  Jehovah  nnd  of 
the  Continental  Congress."  The  summons  could 
not  ho  disoheyed,  and  the  fort,  with  its  very 
valuable  stores  nnd  forty-nine  prisoners,  was  im- 
mediately surrendered  on  ^Iny  lOth,  There 
were  from  112  to  120  iron  cannon  from  G  to  24 
pounders,  2  hrnss  cannon,  flO  swivels,  2  mortars, 
10  tons  of  musket  halls,  3  cartloads  of  flints,  10 
casks  of  powder,  DO  new  carriages,  100  stand  of 
small  arms,  .'JO  barrels  of  flour,  and  18  barrels  of 
pork.  Crown  I'oint  was  taken  the  same  day,  nnd 
the  ca])ture  of  a  sloo])  of  war  soon  afterwards 
made  Allen  and  his  brave  party  eom]ilete  masters 
of  Lake  Champlahi.  May  INth,  Arnold  with 
thirty-five  men  surprik'cd  the  fort  of  St.  John's  in 
Canada,  taking  fourteen  ])risoners,  n  sloop,  nnd 
two  hrnss  cniuion.  Allen,  arriving  the  nnmc  day 
with  ninety  men,  resolved,  against  the  advice  of 
Arnold,  to  nttem])t  to  hold  the  jilace.  Hut  he  was 
attacked  the  next  day  hy  a  larger  force  from 
Montreal,  and  compelled  to  rtareut.    In  the  fail 


of  177.">  ho  was  sent  twice  into  Canada,  to  observe 
the  disjiositions  of  tho  iu'o])le,  and  attach  them, 
if  poNsil)le.  to  the  .\inerican  cause.  During  ibis 
last  tour  Col.  Hrown  met  him,  and  [iroposed  an 
attack  on  ^lontreal  in  concert.  The  projHisal  was 
eagerly  embraced,  and  Col.  .\llen,  with  one  hun- 
dred nnd  ten  men,  nearly  eighty  of  whom  were 
Cnnndians,  crossed  the  river  in  tiie  night  of  Sept. 
21.  In  the  morning  he  waited  with  impatience 
for  tho  signal  from  Col.  Hrown,  who  agreed  to  co- 
opernte  with  him;  but  he  waited  in  vain.  He 
made  a  resolute  defence  against  an  attack  of  five 
hundred  men,  nnd  it  was  not  till  his  own  party 
wns  reduced  by  desertions  to  the  number  of 
thirty-one,  and  ho  had  retreated  near  a  mile,  that 
he  surrendered.  A  moment  afterwards  a  furious 
savngc  rushed  towards  him,  nnd  j)resentcd  his 
firelock  with  the  intent  of  killing  him.  It  was 
only  by  making  use  of  the  body  of  the  officer,  to 
whom  he  had  given  his  sword,  as  a  shield,  that  he 
escajied  destruction.  This  rash  attempt  was  made 
without  authority  from  Gen.  Schuyler,  lie  was 
kept  for  some  time  in  irons,  nnd  then  sent  to 
England  as  a  prisoner,  being  assured  that  the 
halter  would  bo  the  reward  of  his  rebellion,  when 
ho  arrived  there.  On  his  passage,  handeutred 
and  fettered,  ho  was  shut  up  with  his  fellow 
jirisonors  in  the  cable  tier,  a  sjiace  twelve  feet  by 
ten.  After  his  arrival,  about  the  middle  of  Decem- 
ber, he  was  lodged  for  a  short  time  in  rendennis 
castle,  near  Falmouth.  On  the  8th  of  Jan.,  177(5, 
ho  was  put  on  board  a  frigate  and  by  a  circuitous 
route  carried  to  Halifax.  Here  he  remained 
confined  in  the  gaol  from  June  to  October,  when 
he  was  removed  to  New  York.  During  the  pas- 
sago  to  this  place,  Capt.  Burke,  a  daring  prisoner, 
proposed  to  kill  the  British  cai)tain  and  seize  tho 
frigate  j  but  Col.  Allen  refused  to  engage  in  tho 
jjlot,  nnd  was  ])robably  the  means  of  preservin;^ 
tho  life  of  Ca])t.  Smith,  who  had  treated  him 
very  i)olitoly.  lie  was  kept  at  Xcw  York  about  a 
year  and  a  half,  sometimes  im])risoned,  and  some- 
times permitted  to  be  on  i)arole.  While  here,  ho 
had  nn  o])portunity  to  observe  the  inhuman  man- 
ner, in  which  tho  American  prisoners  were  treated. 
In  one  of  tho  churches,  in  which  they  were 
crowded,  he  saw  seven  lying  dead  at  one  time,  nnd 
others  biting  pieces  of  chips  from  hunger.  Ho 
calculated,  that  of  the  jirisoners,  taken  at  Long 
Island  and  I'ort  Washington,  near  two  thousand 
])erislied  by  hunger  and  cold,  or  in  consequence 
of  diseases  occasioned  by  tho  impurity  of  their 
[irisons. 

Col.  Allen  was  exchanged  for  Col.  Campbell 
May  fl,  1778,  and  after  having  repaired  to  head- 
quarters and  offered  his  services  to  Gen.  Wash- 
ington in  case  his  health  should  be  restored,  he 
returned  to  Vermont.  His  arrival,  on  the  evening 
of  tho  last  of  May,  gave  his  friends  great  joy,  and 
it  wns  announced  by  the  discharge  of  cannon. 


20 


ALLEX. 


ALLEN. 


As  on  expression  of  confidence  in  his  pntriofism 
and  military  talents,  ho  was  very  soon  a])))oiiite(l 
to  the  fomniaiid  of  the  Slate  militia.     It  does  not 
ap|)ear,   however,   that   his  intre])i{lity  was   ever 
af;;ain  hroiifjht  to  the  test,  thoiifjh  his  jjatriotism 
■WHS   tried    hy  an    iinsiitcessl'id    attempt   of  the 
British  to  hrihe  hi.  .  to  elleet  a  imion  of  Vermont 
with  Canada.     Sir   IL   Clinton   wrote   to   Lord 
Gcrmaine,  I''el).,  17H1,  "'niere  is  every  reason  to 
suppose,  that  llthan  Allen  has  ([uitted  the  rebel 
cause."    He  died   of  apo])lexy  at   his   estate  in 
Colchester  Feb.  l.'t,  IT.sil,  a;i;ed  .jl.     His  first  wife 
was  Mary  IJrownson  of  Jto.\l)ury ;  iiis  second  wife 
was    Frances,   (liui;,diter  of  Col.    lirush   of  the 
Uritish   army,  whom   ho  met  in  lioston  on  his 
return    from   his    eajuivity    in    ]',ngland.      Her 
mother  was  the  daiif;htcr  of  James  Calcraft,  a 
soldier  and  a  schoolmaster,  whose  name  is  now 
clian^'ed   to   Schoolcraft.      After   his   death   she 
married    ])r.    l'cn;iinian    of   Colchester.       The 
names  of  the  other  children  of  Joseph,  I'than's 
father,  were  Ileman,  Lydia.  Heber,  Levi,  Lucy, 
Ziniri,  and  Ira;  their  mother's  name  was  Remem- 
brance Daker.      His  daughter  I'amela  married  I".. 
W.   Keyes,  I'.sq.,  in    ISO,'}.      Another  danj!,hter 
entered  a  nunnery  in  Canada.     He  had  lived  for 
a  time  in  Sunderland.     It  was  his  jiroject  to  make 
n  city,  Vcr;!;cinies,  a  mile  square.     His  son,  Capt. 
I'^than  A.  Allen,  formerly  of  the  army,  died  at 
Korfolli  Jan.  0,  IRo.J  i  liis  grandson,  Col.  Hitch- 
cock of  the  army,  is  said  to  resemble  him.     From 
this  lilieness  Kinney's  statue  of  him  was  framed. 
Gen.  Allen  ])ossessed  stronf;  powers  of  mind, 
but  they  never   felt   the  influence  of  education. 
Thou'fh  he  was  brave,  luunanc,  and  {.generous,  yet 
his  conduct  does  not  seem  to  have  l)een  much 
influenced  by  considerations  respectin;,'  that  holy 
and  merciful  IJein;;,  whose  character  and  whose 
commands  are  disclosed  to  us  in  the  Scriptures. 
His  notions  with  repaid  to  religion  were  such,  as 
to  prove  tluit  tlicy,  who  rather  confide  in  their 
OH'ii  wisdom  than  seeli  instruction  from  heaven, 
may  embrace  absurdities,  which  would  disgrace  the 
imderstanding   of   a   child.     He    believed,   with 
Pythagoras,  that  men  after  death  would  trans- 
migrate into  beasts,  birds,  fishes,  reptiles,  etc.,  and 
often  informed  his  frie  ids,  that  he  himself  ex- 
pected to  live  again  in  the  form  of  a  large  wliitc 
liorse. 

Besides  a  nundier  of  ])amphlets  in  the  contro- 
versy with  Now  York,  lie  j)nl)lished  in  1779  a 
narrative  of  his  observations  during  his  ca])tivity, 
wliieli  was  ni'terward^■.  I'eprinted  ;  a  vindication  of 
the  o])])osiiion  of  the  inlv.ililants  of  Vermont  to 
the  government  of  New  York,  and  their  right  to- 
form  an  inde])endont  Slate,  1779;  and  Allen's 
theology,  or  the  oracles  of  reason,  1780.  This 
last  work  was  intended  to  ridicule  the  doctrine  of 
Mose.s  and  the  projihets.  It  would  be  unjust  to 
bring   ngaiuKt   it  the  charge  of  having  elfectcd 


I  great  mischief  in  the  world,  for  few  have  had  the 
liatience  to  read  it.  —  AUin'.i  Xdrni/ire  ;  lIuKlun 
j  HV'7./y  Miii/irziiii',  11.;  Hulinin' Aiintilx.  l\.  'HM  ; 
I  \\'i7/iinii.s'  Winiiiul ;  Chmniili',  Mmc/i  '>,  1789; 
\  M.-ii:s/iii//'.s  l\'i!s/i.,  11.  L'O.'J;  III.  21;  (liiidnii,  11. 
'!.'{,  Kid;  (I'rii/Kiiii'.s  liiiii'iiil ;  Ehi'ijc.  Amei:; 
Ihriijlil's  Travels,  U.  ■1()9,  121;  Amci:  Itcmeuib., 
I  1778.  ]).  -,{). 

I  ALLEX,  IiiA,  first  secretary  of  Vermont,  the 
i  brother  of  Eihan,  was  born  at  Cornwall,  Conn. 
'  about  17o2,  and  in  early  life  co-ojierated  with  his 
;  brother  in  the  controversy  between  Vermont  and 
Xew  York,  being  a  lieutenant  under  him.  He 
also  took  an  active  part  on  the  lakes  in  the  war 
of  177.5.  lieing  a  memlier  of  the  Legislature  in 
1770  and  1777,  he  was  zealous  in  asserting  the 
independence  of  Vermont.  In  Dec,  1777,  ho 
assisted  in  forming  the  constitution  of  Vermont; 
and  soon  afterwards  was  nominated  surveyor- 
general  and  treasurer.  He  and  liradleyand  Fay 
were  commissioners  to  Congress  for  Vermont  in 
1780  and  1781.  In  the  politic  negotiations  with 
Canada  in  1781,  designed  to  protect  the  jieoplo 
of  the  "Xew  IIami)shirc  grants"  from  invasion, 
Mr.  iVllen  and  Jonas  Fay  were  the  princijjal 
agents.  In  17H9  he  drew  up  a  memorial  in  favor 
of  the  establishment  of  a  college  at  BurUngton. 
Having  risen  to  tlie  raidi  of  eldest  major-general 
of  the  militia,  he  proceeded  to  lun-ope  in 
Dec,  179o,  to  purchase  arms,l)y  tlie  advice  of  the 
governor,  for  the  sujjply  of  the  State,  but  as  a 
])rivatc  sijccidation  by  the  sale  of  his  lands,  of 
which  he  asserted,  that  he  and  the  heirs  of  I'.than 
held  nearly  three  hundred  thousand  acres.  He 
went  to  France  and  jjurchased  of  the  French  re- 
])ublic  twenty-four  brass  cannon  and  twenty 
thousand  muskets  at  twenty-five  Uvrcs,  expecting 
to  sell  them  at  fifty,  a  part  of  which  he  shipijcd 
at  Ostend  in  the  Olive  Branch ;  l)ut  ho  was  caj)- 
tured  Xov.  9,  1790,  and  carried  into  England.  A 
litigation  of  eight  years  in  the  court  of  admiralty 
followed.  He  was  charged  with  the  purijose  of 
supjjlying  the  Irish  rebels  with  arms.  In  1798 
he  was  imprisoned  in  France.  He  returned  to 
America  in  1801.  At  length  he  procured  a 
decision  in  his  favor.  His  residence,  when  in 
Vermont,  was  at  Colchester;  but  he  died  at 
riiiladelphia  Jan.  7,  1814,agedC2,  leaving  several 
children.  He  pul)lished  the  natural  and  political 
history  of  Vermont,  1798,  and  statements  ajipli- 
cable'to  the  OHvc  Branch,  Phila.  1807.  — P«&. 
CIhu:,  1802,  p.  23-1-24S;  Holmes,  ii.  4.~'2;  Amev. 
Ucmcnih.,  1782,  j).  JJol,  Fart  ii.  74. 

ALLEX,  TiJtOTliY,  died  at  Chesterfield  Jan. 
12,  1800,  aged  91.  lie  was  a  minister  of  note  in 
his  day.  A  graduate  of  Yale  in  1730,  he  was 
ordained  at  West  Haven  in  1738,  and  dismissed 
in  1742.  In  tlie  time  of  Mr.  Whitfield  he  was  a 
zealous  preacher,  as  mentioned  by  Trumbull. 
His  second  scttlcinuut  was  at  Ashford ;  liis  last  at 


M 


;VLLEX. 

C'hrstprficld.  lie  ]iul)liNlii'(l  a  icrmon  nt  his  in- 
Ktallatioii,  A'-liibrd,  l"(il  ;  answtr  to  rilatf'is  (iiics- 
tiolii  tlic  main  ]>oint,  1  "().<. 

AIJ.I'.X.  M()si;s,  iiilnistor  of  Midway,  da.,  and 
n  disiiii;,'iiisIiL'd  fiifiid  of  his  founlry,  was  horn  in 
Xortlianipton,  Mass.,  Sept.  II,  171H.  Ifc  wns 
CHhitatcd  at  tho  collc^'u  in  New  Jirscy,  whiTO  ho 
was  f;ia(huit{'d  in  1772;  and  was  licensed  hy  tlie 
I'resbytery  of  New  lirunswick  Feb.  1,  1771,  and 
recommended  l)y  them  as  an  infjenious,  prndent, 
l)ions  man.  In  his  jonrnal  of  this  year  lie  s])t'aks 
of  passinj,'  a  few  days  in  Decemher.  at  his  earnest 
retinest,  with  his  friend,  James  Mailison.  in  Vir- 
^'inia,  at  the  house  of  his  lather,  Col.  Madison, 
and  r)f  |)reachin^'  repeatedly  at  the  eonrt  house, 
and  of  lieinj?  solicited  to  ])ass  the  winter  there. 
In  Mareh  Ihllowinff  lie  ])reaclicd  first  at  Christ's 
church  parish,  about  twenty  miles  from  Charleston, 
in  .So\ith  Carolina.  Here  he  was  ordained 
Mareh  10,  177.J,  by  Mr.  Zubly,  Mr.  I'.dmonds,  and 
William  Tennent.  lie  preached  his  iarewcll  ser- 
mon in  this  ])lace  Jime  S,  1777,  and  was  soon 
alk'rwards  established  nt  Midway,  to  which  place 
he  had  been  earnestly  solicited  to  remove. 

The  liritish  army  from  Florida  under  Gen. 
Prcvost  dis]ierscd  his  society  in  177.S,  mn]  burned 
the  meetinj^  house,  almost  every  dwellin;,'  house, 
and  the  cro])s  of  rice  then  in  stacks.  In  ]  )eccm- 
ber,  when  Savannah  was  reduced  by  the  liritish 
troojis,  ho  was  taken  ])risoncr.  The  continental 
ofHcers  were  sent  to  Sunbury  on  jjarole,  hut  Mr. 
Allen,  who  was  clia])lain  to  the  Georgia  brigade, 
was  denied  that  ];rivilegc.  His  warm  exhorta- 
tions from  the  j)uli)it  and  his  animated  exertions 
in  the  field  ex])osed  him  to  the  i)articular  resent- 
ment of  the  British.  They  sent  him  on  board  the 
priso".  ships,  ^^■earied  with  a  confinement  of  a 
number  of  weeks  in  a  loathsome  jjlace,  and  seeing 
no  j)ros])cct  of  relief,  ho  dcternnned  to  attempt 
tho  recovery  of  his  liberty  by  throwing  himself 
into  the  river  and  swimming  to  an  adjacent 
point ;  but  he  was  drowned  in  tho  attcmjit  on  tho 
evening  of  Feb.  S,  1770,  aged  30.  His  body  was 
washed  on  a  neighboring  island,  and  was  found 
by  some  of  his  friends.  They  requested  of  tlic 
captain  of  a  Dritish  vessel  some  boards  to  malcc 
a  coilin,  but  could  not  procure  them. 

Mr.  Allen,  notwithstanding  his  clerical  function, 
a])i)earcd  among  the  foremost  in  the  day  of  battle, 
and  on  all  occasions  sought  tho  post  of  danger  as 
tho  ]iost  of  honor.  Tho  friends  of  indejjendonco 
admired  him  for  his  j)op\ilar  talents,  his  courage, 
and  his  many  virtues.  Tho  enemies  of  indepen- 
dence could  accuse  him  of  nothing  more,  than  a 
vigorous  exertion  of  all  his  jjowers  in  defending 
the  rights  of  his  injured  country.  He  was 
eminently  a  pious  man.  —  Hanis/n/,  ii.  G;  Tllat. 
Coll.  lX."lo7  ;  All<')i\f  Sci:  on  M.  Allen  ;  Hart. 

AI.LEX,  Tlio.MAti,  brother  of  tho  preceding 
and  first  miuister  of  rittsficld,  Mass.,  was  born 


AI.LEX. 


21 


.Tan.  17,  1713.  at  >'oriham]iton,  of  whicli  town 
his  great-grandliitlicr. . Samuel,  was  one  of  the  lirst 
settlers,  receiving  a  grant  of  laiul  from  the  town 
Dec.  17,  l<w7.  In  the  records  of  the  town  tho 
name  is  written  variou.-ly,  Allen,  Allin,  .\ll\n.and 
Alui.  His  grand'.iither,  SMinuel,  who  <lied  in 
173!!,  was  a  deacon  of  tho  elnnch,  of  which 
.lonathan  Edwards  was  |;a'tor.  His  father, 
,I()se]  h,  who  died  Dec.  IIO,  177!',  and  his  mother, 
Elizalielh  1 'arsons,  who  died  .Ian.  1(1,  ISdO,  both 
eminent  for  piety,  were  the  steady  fi lends  of  Mr. 
I'.dwiirds  during  the  jiopnlar  connnolioii,  which 
caused  the  n  moval  of  that  excellent  minister. 
The  church  records  commend  her  character,  and 
say,  she  assisted  at  the  birth  of  three  thousand 
children. 

Through  the  bequest  of  an  \UKle  of  his  father, 
—  Mr.  Thomas  Allen,  who  died  in  17.31.  —  Mr. 
Allen  was  educated  at  llarvaril  college,  where  he 
was  graduated  in  17(11.'.  I;eing  ranked  among  tho 
best  classical  .scholars  of  the  disy. 

After  studying  theology  under  the  direction  of 
Mr.  Hooker  of  Xorthamjiton,  Mr.  Allen  was 
ordahicd  A];ril  l.S,  17(:  1,  the  first  minister  of  I'itts- 
iield,  so  named  in  honor  of  AVilli:nn  I'ilt,  —  then 
a  I'ronlier  (own,  in  which  a  garrison  hc\d  been 
kej)t  during  the  I'rench  war.  'I'he  Indian  name 
of  the  ]  lace  was  I'l/nlooxuc.  At  the  lime  of  his 
settlement  there  were  in  I'ittslield  but  half  a 
dozen  Ijonses  not  made  of  logs.  He  lived  to  see 
it  a  rich  and  beautil'ul  town,  containing  nearly 
three  thousand  iidiabitants.  During  a  ministry 
of  forty-six  years  he  was  unwearied  in  dis]]ensing 
tho  glorious  Gosi:el.  Ilesidcs  his  slated  labors  on 
the  iSabbalh,  he  irecpiently  delivered  lectures,  and 
in  tho  course  of  his  lilb  iireached  six  or  seven 
hundred  funeral  sermons.  In  the  early  ]!art  of 
his  ministry  ho  also  occasionally  ], reached  in  tho 
neighboring  towns,  not  then  .su];j)lied  with  settled 
ministers. 

The  same  benevolence,  which  awakened  his 
zeal  in  guiding  men  in  the  way  to  heaven,  made 
him  desirous  of  rendering  them  hap])y  also  in 
this  world.  His  charities  to  the  ])oor  excited 
their  gratitude  and  rendered  his  relijrious  instruc- 
tions the  more  eilectual.  His  bouse  was  the  seat 
of  hos];itaUty.  'I'owards  other  denominations  of 
Christians,  tliough  strict  in  his  own  jrinci]:lcs,  he 
was  yet  excnijilarily  candid,  neither  believing  that 
true  j.iety  was  coniined  to  his  own  sect,  nor  that 
gentleness  and  forl'.earance  were  useless  in  the 
attemjit  to  reclaim  men  from  error.  At  the  com- 
mencement of  tho  American  Jievolution,  like 
most  of  his  brethren,  he  engaged  warmly  in  tho 
support  of  the  rights  and  iiide];endence  of  his 
country,  for  he  believed,  that  thesecmity  and  per- 
manence of  the  best  of  earthly  enjoyments,  as 
well  as  the  ])rogress  of  genuine  religion,  were  in- 
timately connected  with  ])ublic  liberty.  Twice  he 
went  out  as  a  voliuiteer  chaijlain  for  a  short 


22 


ALLEN. 


ALLEX. 


I 


'' 


li! 


Ri  i 


time;  — from  Oct.  3  to  Nov.  23,   1770,  he  was 
a1)Kcnt    from  lionie,   with  the   nrmy  nt    AVliite 
IMiiiiiH,  iii'iir  New  York,  and  in  .Iiiiic  niul  July, 
1777,  he  WHS  at  'ricoiKlcro^ja.     On  the  retreat  of 
St.  Clair   liefore    Itiir;,'oyiie   he   returned   home. 
Hut   the  next  nionili,  when  a   detaehnient   from 
]Jur;;oyne'M  troops  inider  the  eommand  of  Col. 
Uaum   had   peiu'trated    to  the  neijjhhorhood   of 
Uennin;,'ton,  and  threatened  to  desolate  thecoim- 
try,   he   aeeoni])anied    the  vcdnnteer    militia    of 
rittsliiid,   who   nuirched   to  rejx'l  the  invasion. 
Previously  to  the  assa\dt  of  a  parlicidar  intreneh- 
ment,  which  was  filled  with  rel'ti-jfees,  he  deemed 
it  his  duty  to  advance  towards  the  enemy  and 
exhort  them  to  surrender,  assmin^  them  of  >,'oo(l 
treatment,  in  a  voice  distinctly  heard  hy  them ; 
but  Ijcin;?  fired  upon,  he  rejoined  the  mililia,  and 
was  nmonf?  the  foremost,  who  entered  the  hrcnst- 
work.      llis  exertions  and  examjde  contributed 
fioniewlmt    to   tli(>  triumi>h  of  that  day,  Au^rust 
Kith,  which  checked  the  jirof^'ress  of  tlie  Ilritish 
and  led  to  the  capture  of  l!iu-f,'oyne.     After  the 
battle  he  found  a  Ifessian  Kurf;;con'.s  horse,  loaded 
with  ])nmiiers  of  hottles  of  wine.     The  wine  lie 
administered  to  the  wounded  and  the  weary;  hut 
two  lar^'e  s(|uare  while  {jlass  hottles  ho  carried 
home  with  him,  as  tro]ihies  of  his  eani])aif,'n  of 
three  or   four   days.     iJurinu;  the   rebellion    of 
Shays,  which  extended  to  tho  county  of  lierk- 
shire,  Mr.  .\llen  si;])]iorted  the  authority  of  the 
established  government  of  Massachusetts.      The 
insurf^cnts  at  one  ];eriod  threatened  to  seize  him 
and  eerry  liim  as  a  hostaije  into  the  State  of  New- 
York.     Ihit  in  his  intrepidity  he  was  not  to  he 
shaken  from  his  puqiose  and  his  duty.     Ho  slc'j)t 
with  arms  in  his  bedroom,  ready  to  defend  him- 
self against  the  violence  of  lawless  men.     In  the 
new  [jolilieal  controversy,  which  sjjrung  uj)  after 
the  ndojition  of  the  federal  constitution,  Mr.  Al- 
len's ])rinciples  attached  him  to  what  was  called 
the  Democratic  or  Rejiublican  jiarty.     Among  his 
parishioners  were  some,  who  were  tories  in  the 
revolutionary  war  and  who  remembered  with  no 
good  will  the  zeal  of  their  whig  minister ;  others 
were   furious  jjolilicians,  jiartaking  fully  of  the 
malevolent  s]}irit  of  the  times,  intent  on  aecom- 
])lishing  their  object,  though  wiih  the  weapons 
of  obloquy  and  outrage.     "  J  )uring  the  presidency 
of  Mr.  Jefi'erson,"  says  the  history  of  Berkshire, 
"that  s])irit  of  j;olilical  rancor, that  infected  every 
class  of  citizens  in  this  country,  arraying  fathers, 
brothers,  sons,  and  neighbors  against  each  other, 
entered   even  the  sanctuary  of  the  church.     A 
immber  of  ^Ir.  Allen's  church  and  congregation 
withdrew,  and  were  incorjjorated  by  the  legisla- 
ture into  a  separate  jjarish  in  I. SOS;  thus  [u'esent- 
ing  to  the  world  the  ridiculous  spectacle  of  a  church 
divided  on  ])arty  jiolitics  and  known  by  the  jjarty 
names  of  the  day."     'i'liis  division  was,  however, 


healed  in  a  few  years  ;  though  not  until  after  the 


death  of  him,  whose  last  days  were  thus  em- 
bittered, as  well  as  hy  domestic  afllictions  in  the 
loss  of  his  eldest  son  and  daught<'r. 

In  Mr.  ,\llen  the  sirenglh  of  those  affections, 
which  constitute  the  charm  of  d()ni"stic  and  social 
life,  was  remarkable;  giving  indeed  ]]eculiar 
jjoignaucy  to  the  arrows  of  allliction,  but  also 
swelling  in  a  high  degree  the  amount  of  good, 
t'onnd  in  the  pilgrimage  of  the  earth. 

After  the  death  of  his  l)rotlu'r  .Moses  .Mien  in 
177!l,  he  took  a  journey  on  horseback  to  Savan- 
nah, out  of  regard  to  the  weli'are  of  the  widow  and 
her  inliuit  son,  whom,  while  the  war  was  raging  at 
the  south,  he  ])laced  for  a  time  in  a  ha])]iy  refuge 
at  his  lunise.  Mr.  Allen's  tirst-horn  daughter, 
who  married  AVilliam  1'.  White  of  Uoston,  died 
in  London,  leaving  an  infant,  un])rotected  hy  any 
relatives,  her  husbaml  being  then  in  the  East 
Indies.  Though  the  child  was  left  under  the  care 
of  a  very  res]:ectable  gentleman,  who  was  con- 
nected with  its  father  in  large  mercantile  busi- 
ness, yet  such  was  his  soUeitude  for  its  welfare, 
that  in  the  year  179!)  he  encountered  the  dangers 
of  a  voyage  across  the  Atlantic  and  brought  his 
grandchild  home  to  his  own  family. 

lie  sailed  in  the  ship  Argo,  Capt.  Rich. — On 
the  \()yage  nuniy  fears  were  awakened  by  a  vessel 
of  force,  which  ])ursued  the  Argo,  and  was  sup- 
posed to  be  a  Erench  shij).  The  idea  of  a  ])rison 
in  Erance  was  by  no  means  welcome.  In  the 
ex])ectation  of  a  fight  Mr.  Allen  obtained  the 
captain's  consent  to  ofi'er  a  ])rayer  with  the  men 
and  to  make  an  encouraging  s])cech  to  them 
before  the  action.  The  frigate  proved  to  be 
Dritish  ;  and  the  deliverance  was  acknowledged  in 
a  thanksgiving  jirayer.  On  his  arrival  at  Londcm 
he  was  received  with  great  kindness  by  his 
friends,  Mr.  Robert  Cowie  and  Mr.  Robert  Steel, 
and  was  made  ocquainted  with  several  of  the  dis- 
tinguished evimgelical  ministers  of  I'.nghuul ; 
with  Newton,  and  Ilaweis,  and  Rowland  Ilill,  and 
Rogue,  and  others,  from  whom  he  caught  a  jiious 
zeal  for  the  jiromotion  of  foreign  missions,  which 
on  his  return  he  diffused  around  him.  He 
regarded  the  London  missionary  society  as  the 
most  wonderful  work  of  Divine  Providence  in 
modern  times.  It  ajijiears  from  his  journal,  that 
he  was  absent  from  I'ittsfield  from  July  3d  to 
Dec.  30,  17!)!).  His  return  passage  was  boisterous 
and  exteiuled  to  the  great  length  of  eighty-five 
days.  Among  other  objects  of  curiosity,  which 
attracted  his  attention  in  London,  he  went  to  see 
the  king,  as  he  jiasscd  from  St.  James'  to  the 
])arliament  house  in  a  coach,  drawn  by  six  ereajn- 
eolorcd  horses.  On  this  sight  he  recorded  the 
following  reflections  :  "  This  is  he,  who  desolated 
my  country ;  who  ravaged  the  American  coasts  j 
annihilated  our  trade ;  burned  our  towns ;  jjlun- 
dered  our  cities;  sent  forth  his  Indian  allies  to 
scalp  our  wives  and  children ;  starved  our  youth 


r 


(lays  wore  thtii  om- 
<'slic  nfllictioiiH  in  tlie 
iifjlitcr. 

Ii  c.r  tliosc  nfTcctioiiH, 
)l'(l()iii"sticaii(I  social 
in;,'  hulvvd  ju'culinr 
>t'  ndlictioii,  Init  also 
thf  niiiount  of  ^'ood, 
'w  eni-th. 

'lliiT  .^[()sp,s  Allen  in 
linrFC'liack  to  .Sa\an- 
ai'L' of  the  widow  and 
lie  war  was  ra^'ln^'  at 
11'  in  a  lia|)i>y  relii^rc 
(ii'st-horn  ilaughter, 
liito  of  IJosfon,  died 
nnprotccted  hy  any 

llicn  in  the  Kast 
s  lellnnder  tlieearo 
linn,  who  was  con- 
;'(•  mercantile  bnsi- 
nde  (or  its  wclliirc, 
intered  tlie  dan^'ers 
tif  and  brought  his 
iiiily. 

'.  C'apt.  Kich.  — On 
akened  by  a  vessel 
l•^'o,  and  was  sup. 
U'  idea  of  a  jiHson 
wlconic.  In  the 
llt'u  obtained  the 
lycr  with  the  men 

siiw'ch   to  them 
tt"   ])n)vcd    to   be 

acknowled^^ed  in 

•ival  at  J.ondon 

iiindness   l)y   his 

■•  IJobert  iSteel, 

xral  of  the  dis- 

"f   IjiKlandj 

'wland  Hill,  and 

canght  a  jiious 

missions,  which 
iiid    him.      lie 

society  as  the 

I'rovidence  in 
lis  journal,  that 
'im  July  ad  to 

was  boisterous 

'  of  oi^-hty-fivo 
in-iosity,  which 

c  went  to  ,sec 
James'  to  the 

liy  six  ercajn- 

recorded  the 
"ho  desolated 
c'lican  coasts ; 

(owns;  j)lun- 

dian  allies  to 

ed  oui-  youth 


arn 

k 

I 

L'V 
'S 
) 

e 


Al-LEN. 

in  his  jirison  ships ;  ami  caused  the  ex|)onditure 
of  a  hundred  millions  of  money  and  a  hundred 
thousand  of  jirecious  lives.  Instead  of  bciii;;  the 
father  of  his  |',eo]ile,  he  has  Iieen  ''i"ir  dcslroyer. 
May  Ciod  for;;ive  him  so  ^rreat  ^i.  And  \  I't  lie 

is  the  idol  of  the  ];eo|)lc,  who  tliinh,  they  cannot 
live  without  him."  In  this  journal  he  also  re- 
corded with  much  confidence-  the  following;  pre- 
diction;  "This  country  will  work  the  subversion 
and  ruin  of  the  freedom  and  ^'overument  of  my 
countrj,  or  my  country  will  work  the  melioration 
if  not  the  renovation  of  this  country."  I.ate 
events  seem  to  ])rove,  tliat  the  e.\ani])le  of  Ameri- 
can lilierty  has  not  been  without  a  beneficial  eliect 
in  Great  liritain. 

His  health  had  been  dcclininp;  for  several  years 
before  his  death,  and  more  than  once  he  was 
l)rou;;ht  to  the  brink  of  the  grave.  For  several 
months  he  was  miable  to  j)rcach.  He  was  fully 
aware  of  his  a])proaehing  dissolution,  and  the 
l)ros]iects  of  eternity  brightened,  as  he  drew  near 
tiie  close  of  life.  Those  ])recious  j)ron>ises,  which 
with  peculiar  tenderness  he  had  often  announced 
to  the  sick  and  dying,  were  now  his  support.  The 
all-suiricicnt  Saviour  was  his  only  lio])e ;  and  he 
rested  on  him  with  perfect  confidence.  He  was 
desirous  of  de])artiug,  and  was  chiefly  anxious, 
lest  he  should  be  impatient. 

Knowing  his  dejiendence  ujion  God,  he  contin- 
ually besought  those,  who  were  around  his  l)ed, 
to  pray  for  him.  lie  took  an  afl'ecting  leave  of 
his  family,  rejjcathig  his  pious  counsels  and  be- 
stowing upon  each  one  his  valedictory  blessing. 
AVhen  ho  was  reminded  by  a  friend  of  his  great 
labors  in  the  ministry,  he  disclaimed  all  merit  for 
what  ho  had  done,  though  he  expressed  his 
belief,  that  he  had  i)lainly  and  faithfully  preached 
the  Gosjiel.  lie  forgave  and  jiraycd  for  his 
enemies.  When  one  of  his  children,  a  day  or 
two  before  his  death,  ]nTssed  him  to  lake  some 
nourishment,  or  it  would  be  imjiossible  lor  him  to 
live,  he  rej)lied,  "Lire/)  I  am  going  to  live 
forever!"  He  frequently  exclaimed,  "Come, 
Lord  Jesus ;  conic  quickly."  In  the  morning  of 
the  Lord's  day,  Feb.  11,  IHIO,  he  fell  nslec])  in 
Jesus,  in  the  (ifSth  year  of  his  age  and  the  4Gth 
of  his  ministry.  Among  his  children,  who  have 
deceased  since  his  dej)arture,  was  one  son,  who 
was  a  ca])tain  in  service  during  the  war  of  1812. 
Another,  Dr.  Flisha  Lee  Allen,  ofliciated  as  sur- 
geon in  the  same  war  on  the  Niagara  frontier,  and 
was  retained  on  the  peace  establishment  May, 
.  1815.  His  account  of  the  battle  of  Chippewa 
was  published  in  the  Boston  Centinel  Aug.  10, 
1814.  He  died  of  the  yellow  fever  at  Pas 
Christian,  near  New  Orleans,  Sept.  5,  1817. 
Another  son,  I'rof.  Solomon  M.  Allen,  died  a  few- 
days  afterwards,  Sept.  23,  1817.  And  Mrs. 
llipley,  the  wife  of  ^Maj.-Gen.  l{ii)ley,  died  at  the 
Bay  of  St.  Louis  of  the  yellow  fever  Sept.  11, 


ALLEN. 


23 


1820.  Mr.  Allen's  widow,  I'.li/abeth,  died  March 
:J1,  IS.'JO,  aged  .S2  years.  She  was  the  (l;uif,'hl(T 
of  Itcv.  J.  Lee  of  .Sali.-.bury,  and  a  dcscendunt 
from  Gov.  Ilnidl'oril. 

He  pulili  bed  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  his 
daughter,  Elizabeth  White,  ITOS;  on  the  death 
of  .Moses  .\llen,  son  of  Hev.  Moses  .Mien,  1801  j 
on  the  death  of  .Vnua  Collins,  lH(i;!j  on  the  death 
of  his  son  Thonuis  .Mh'ii,  Jr..  INdO;  election  ser- 
mon, IH08.  Several  of  his  leiters  on  the  sickness 
and  death  of  his  daughter  were  ])ubli>hcd  in  the 
I'.dinburgh  Missionary  Magazine  for  Oct.  Nov.  and 
Dee.,  17'J!>.  — /'»»<7('/ /.•-/,  Mnnli,  1810;  Hid.  of 
lt(ikshii-i\  ;n7;   I'HlsUrl,!  Sim.  Frh.  21. 

ALLEN,  Solomon,  a  useful  minister  of  the 
Gos])el,  brother  of  the  ])rece(ling,  was  born  at 
Northampton  I'eb.  2.'J,  17')1.  He  and  four  of  his 
brothers  entered  the  army  in  the  Jlevolutioiuu*y 
war.  Of  these,  two,  Moses  and  Thomas,  whose 
lives  are  here  recorded,  were chajilaius.  Another, 
Maj.  Jonathan  Allen,  after  cscajiing  the  jicrils  of 
the  service,  was  shot  by  Lis  comijanion,  ^Vlr.  Selh 
Lyman,  while  hunting  deer  in  a  dec])  snow  in  the 
neighi)orhood  of  Northampton,  in  January,  1780, 
aged  42  years.  To  such  families  of  daring,  self- 
denying,  zealous  patriots  and  soldiers  America  is 
indebted,  through  the  blessing  of  (iod  on  their 
sacrifices  and  toils,  for  her  freedom  and  inde- 
pendence. 

Mr.  Solomon  Allen,  in  the  course  of  the  war, 
rose  to  the  rank  of  major.  At  the  time  of  the 
capture  of  Andre  he  was  a  lieutenant  and  adju- 
tant, on  service  near  the  lines  not  fiir  f'roni  New 
York.  His  account  of  the  removal  of  Andre  to 
West  Point,  received  from  his  own  li])s,  will  cor- 
rect the  errors  of  the  other  accounts,  which  have 
been  given  to  the  world.  When  the  Uritisli  spy 
was  brought  to  the  American  post.  Col.  Jameson 
orderal  Lieut.  Allen  to  select  a  guard  of  nine 
men  out  of  three  hundred,  who  were  detached 
from  West  Point  as  a  covering  party  to  Col.  A\'el(r8 
(or  Sheldon's)  light  horse  on  the  lines  sixty  miles 
from  West  Point,  and  to  carry  the  prisoner  to  Gen. 
Arnold,  the  commanding  oflicer  at  West  Point, 
with  a  letter  from  Jameson  to  Arnold.  Just  at 
night,  Sept.  23,  1780,  he  set  out  with  his  ])risoner, 
who  wore  an  old,  torn  ennison  coat,  nankeen  vest, 
and  small  clothes,  old  boots  and  fla])j)ed  hat. 
Andre's  arms  being  bound  i)eliind  him,  one  of  the 
soldiers  held  the  straj),  which  was  around  his 
arm,  and  the  guard  on  each  side  as  well  as  before 
and  behind  were  ordered  to  run  him  through,  if 
he  attempted  to  escape.  Lieut.  Allen,  riduig 
l)ehind,  assured  Andre  of  good  treatment,  and 
offered,  if  he  shoufd  be  tired,  to  dismount  and 
give  him  his  horse.  Having  thus  proceeded 
seven  miles,  with  much  cheerfulness  on  the  part 
of  the  prisoner,  an  exjircss  overtook  them  with  a 
letter  from  Jameson  of  this  im|/')rt,  that  as  the 
enemy  might  have  parties  landed  between  them 


24 


AI.LF.N. 


AI.I.KV. 


I 


li 


m  i 


mill  WoNf  I'dinf,  Lieut.  Allen  «;i«  tjnlered  ii>  Icnvc 
fill'  river  mud  iiiiil  tiiKe  llic  pri'-Diier  inime(liatel\ 
over  enst  t(i  lower  Silcm  ;iii(l  deliver  him  to  (':i]il. 
lloD^jlatid,  cdinniiiiKliii},'  there  a  conii'iiiiy  of  li;,'ht 
lidr-iCi  then  to  take  one  ot'lhe  ;;iiMnl  nnd  proecMil 
with  Jiinieson's  letter  to  Anioid  nl  Wet  IN  iiit, 
MMidin;;  the  (■i;,'lit  men  hnik  under  the  command 
of  the  ser^'cant.  The  j,'nard  were  iinwilliii;,'  to 
(•om|p|y.  lor  they  wished  to  (jet  liack  to  W'jvst 
I'oint.  They  Naid,  there  was  no  daii^'er,  ami  it 
woidd  he  hest  to  proceed  !  iiml  Andre  wcolidcd 
the  ])r()po'.al.  lie  lhoii;;lil.  the  fear  of  a  rescne 
was  very  iille.  lint  l.icnt.  Allen  replied,  like  a 
Foldier,  I  mnst  oIjcv  orders.  I'rcnn  this  moment 
Andre  apjpeared  downcast.  The  same  iiif,'ht 
Allen  delivered  him  to  lloof,'land,  lia\  in;?  travelled 
twenty  ihiles.  In  the  morninf;  of  Sept.  L'lih  he 
])rocee(ie(l  with  n;-.'.'  of  the  (jnard  to  AVest  I'oint, 
it  heinj;  arranj;ed,  ihat  .\n(lre  ;  luinld  soon  follow 
him  :  hut  the  ma.i  lieln^r  <in  loot, and  the  distance 
forty  or  lilty  miles,  they  did  not  arrive  till  the 
forenoon  of  the  L'Olh.  at  Uohinsoii's  house,  the 
cast  Hide  of  the  river,  (:p])()site  West  I'oint,  —  the 
residence  of  Arnold  and  the  (juartcrs  of  the 
{;eneral  ollicers.  Arnold  waH  m  t'.i  huttcry 
catiiif;,  it  hein;,'  10  or  11  o'clock;  on  rc'^vinff  the 
letter  from  .Jameson  he  was  thrown  inio  ^'reat 
confusion ;  he,  however,  in  a  short  time  asked 
Lieut.  Allen  up  stairs  to  sit  with  Mrs.  Arnold, 
prolmbly  to  keeji  him  from  an  hitervicw  with  the 
other  oHicers,  and  ]ireci])ilately  left  the  house  and 
fled.  Such  was  >Ir.  Allen's  statement.  AVasli- 
in^^ton  soon  arrived,  at  12  o'clock  on  the  same 
day,  from  llartlbrd,  vwd  in  the  afternoon  the 
treason  was  discoveied  hy  the  arrival  of  the 
packet  from  Janics(,.'  for  M'ashin^ton ;  Andre 
was  broiif'ht  to  headiiuarters  the  next  day.  On 
the  same  day  Adj.  Allen  was  invited  to  diue  at 
head-quarters ;  and  at  dinner  he  heard  (ieu. 
Knox  remark,  "AVhat  a  wvyj'iirliiiinti'  disccvery 
this  was!  AVithout  it  we  should  all  have  heen 
cut  up."  To  which  Gen.  Washin{i;ton  very 
gravely  and  ein])hatically  replied,  "  I  do  not  call 
this  a  J'tirlitiKile  occurrence ;  but  a  remarkable 
J'riiriiJciiic!" 

AfU-r  the  war  Maj.  Allen  was  a  cons])icuous 
officer  in  (|uellin^  the  insurrection  of  Shays.  At 
the  a^e  of  forty  his  sold  was  concjuered  by  the 
power  of  the  Gospel,  which  till  then  he  had 
resisted;  in  a  few  years  a^'terwards  he  was  chosen 
a  deacon  of  the  church  of  Northampton.  As  his 
personal  ])iety  increased,  he  became  solicitous  to 
preach  the  Ciosjiel  to  his  ])erishinfj  brethren. 
•  But,  at  the  a^e  of  fifty,  with  no  advantaf;es  of 
education,  there  were  formidable  obstacles  in  his 
way.  The  ministers  around  him  suff^'ested  dis- 
couragements, as  he  could  hardly  acipiire  the 
necessary  (jualilicaiions.  lint  his  ])ious  zeal  was 
irreju'essihle.  There  were  various  branches  of 
learning,  which  he  could  not  hope  to  gain ;  but 


"one  thing  he  could  do;  —  he  coidd  bend  all  the 
force  of  a  nalur.dly  robust  intellect  to  the  wiirk 
of  searching  the  Scriptures.  This  he  did.  and 
while  in  this  way  he  enriched  liiw  understanding 
from  their  abundant  treason's,  his  faith  wan 
strengthened,  his  hope  lirightene<i,  and  all  the 
Clnisiian  graces  were  refreshed  from  that  fountain 
of  living  waters."  He  read  also  Howe's  and 
llaxter's  works.  The  former  was  in  his  view  the 
greatest  of  uniiis|iired  writers.  l''roni  these 
sources  he  drew  his  theology,  lie  wrote  out  ii 
few  sermons,  and  thus  commenced  the  labor  of 
])reaching,  at  first  in  a  few  small  towns  in 
ll(un]ishire  cotmty,  but  tor  the  last  years  of  hi't 
lile  in  the  western  part  of  the  State  of  New  York, 
in  Middletown  iit  the  head  of  Canandaiguu  Lake, 
in  Uigit,  ritlsf'ord,  Itrighlon,  and  other  towns  near 
the  Genesee  Ifiver.  Without  jiroperty  himself, 
he  preached  the  (ios|)el  to  the  ]ioor, and  was  ])er- 
feclly  content  wiih  food  and  clothing,  deinauding 
and  receiving  no  other  compensation  for  his  ser- 
vices. He  rejoiced  in  fatigues  and  privations  in 
the  service  of  his  blessed  .Master.  Sometimes  in 
I'.is  journeys  he  rei^sed  himself  with  nothing  but 
a  biaidiet  to  jprotect  him  from  the  inclemency  of 
the  weather.  l!ut,  though  ])oor.  he  wiis  the  means 
of  enriching  many  with  the  inestimable  riches  of 
religion.  Four  chinx'hes  were  established  by 
him,  and  he  numbered  about  two  hundred  souls, 
as  by  his  j)reaching  reclaimed  fnmi  jierdition. 
Though  jjoor  himself,  there  were  those  connected 
with  him,  who  were  rich,  and  by  whose  liberality 
he  was  enabled  to  accom))lish  his  benevolent  j)ur- 
])oscs.  AVhen  one  of  his  sons  presented  him 
with  a  hundred  dollars,  he  begged  him  to  receive 
again  the  money,  as  he  had  no  unsujjplied  wants 
and  knew  not  what  to  do  with  it ;  but,  as  he  was 
not  allowed  to  return  it,  he  jiurchased  with  it 
books  for  the  children  of  his  flock,  and  jrave  every 
child  a  book.  L'rom  such  sources  he  ex])ende(l 
about  a  thousand  dollars  in  books  and  clothing 
i'or  the  ])eo])le  in  the  wilderness,  while  at  the 
same  time  he  toiled  incessantly  in  teaching  them 
the  way  to  heaven.  Such  an  oxaiTi])le  of  dis- 
interestedness drew  forth  from  an  enemy  of  the 
Gos])el  the  following  remark:  "This  is  a  thing  I 
eaimot  get  along  with  :  this  old  gentleman,  who 
can  be  as  rich  as  he  ])lenses,  comes  here  and  does 
all  these  thhigs  Ibr  nothing ;  there  must  be  some- 
thing in  his  religi(    ." 

In  the  autumn  of  fS20,  aflcr  having  been  nearly 
twenty  years  a  jircacher  in  the  new  settlements 
of  the  west,  his  declining  health  induced  him  to. 
bid  adieu  to  his  ])eo])le,  in  order  to  visit  once 
more,  before  his  death,  his  chiUlren  and  friends 
in  Massachusetts  and  in  the  cities  of  New  York 
and  l'hiladel])hia.  His  jiarting  with  his  church  at 
lirighton  was  like  iie  j)arting  of  l';iul  with  the 
elders  of  the  chnr.  h  of  Kjjhesus.  M.iny  of  the 
members  of  the  church  >iccomi)anied  him  to  the 


:•  roiiM  licnd  nil  tlio 
ilcllcct  t(i  the  work 
This  111'  (lid,  ||„(| 
I  liiN  iiii(lcrstiiii<lliif( 
res.    his    lliiih     WHS 
ilciicd,  iiikI   ;i!I    iho 
il  Irorii  llmt  limiiiaiii 
nlso   IIowo's   1111(1 
"lis  in  his  view  tli(.' 
I'i's.       I'roiii    thcso 
V.     Ho  wnilc  out  11 
eiipcd  the  l;i!)oi-  of 
■    Miiull    towns    in 
ic  liist  years  of  his 
Slate  of  Xew  York, 
Canandal-jna  I.akc, 
id  other  towns  near 
I)roji(.rty  hiniM'ir, 
jiiior,  and  was  p^v- 
othiii;,',  deiniindin;,' 
Illation  for  his  ser- 
<  nnd  j)rivatioiiN  in 
er.     Sometimes  in 
f  with  nothin;,'  I)nt 
the  inclemency  of 
',  he  was  the  means 
'stimahle  ridies  of 
•0   estatilished    hy 
wo  hundred  souls, 
1  from   ])er(lition. 
:•  those  connected 
y  whose  lil)erality 
lienovolent  j)iir- 
l)resemed    him 
•d  him  to  receive 
unsu])i)lie(l  wants 
hut,  as  he  was 
nrchasod  with  it 
and  j,''a\-e  every 
•fs  he  expended 
)kH  nnd  elothinf,' 
<n,  while  at  th(3 
n  teaching,'  them 
xamjjle  of  dis- 
ui  enemy  of  tlio 
'his  is  a  thiiif,'  I 
f,'eiitlcinan.  who 
s  here  and  does 
must  he  .some- 

iiif;  hecn  nearly 

lew  Kettlenienls 

induced  him  to. 

to  vi^it  once 

•en  and  IWeiids 

s  of  Xew  York 

li  his  church  at 

Tiiul  with  the 

-Alnny  of  the 

ied  liim  to  the 


■■»■', 

,'.4- 


ALLKX. 

hnnt,  nnd  tearn  wore  nhed  aii'  ,ir»\rn  ofkfn  >n 
the  HJiore  of  I. like  Ontario,  u.s  mi  the  oeurortx:  of 
Asia  Miimr.  I'.m'Ii  the  passcnfjers  in  the  l)OUt 
could  not  retrain  from  weepiiif,'  at  the  Holemnitj 
mill  teMdcrness  of  the  scene.  It  was,  ns  it  was 
apprehended  to  he,  tlie  last  interview  hetween  the 
hcliived  |)aHtor  nnd  his  |icople,  until  tliiy  meet 
a(,Min  ill  the  moriiin;,'  of  the  resurrection  of  the 
just.  The  a'tai  hment  of  children  to  Mr.  Allen 
was  indeed  remiirkalile.  Wherever  he  went, 
children,  while  lhe\  venerateil  his  white  locks, 
would  cliiij,'  nrouiid  his  knees  to  listen  to  the 
interest  in;,'  nnecdotcM,  which  lie  would  relate,  and 
to  his  wiirnin^js  and  instructions. 

Mr.  Allen  revi.^ited  his  friends,  with  n  jiresenfi- 
meiit,  that  it  was  his  last  visit,  lie  had  come,  he 
saiit,  "  to  set  his  house  in  order,"  alludin;,'  to  his 
numerous  children  nnd  j;raiidchil(lrcii,  livin;,'  in 
diHerent  ])laces.  It  was  his  custom  to  address 
them  llrst  individually,  then  collectively,  and  while 
a  heavenly  serenity  heamed  niion  his  countenniice, 
he  pressed  ujion  them  the  conceriiH  of  another 
world  with  |)laiiiness  u;id  sim|)licity,  with  pnthos 
and  enerfty.  He  had  the  hap])iness  to  be  jicr- 
Nuaded,  that  all  his  children,  e.\ce])tin};  one,  were 
truly  pious ;  and  concernin}?  that  one  he  had  the 
strongest  faith,  thnt  CJod  would  have  mercy  upon 
him.  After  ten  years  that  son  espoused  a  cause, 
which  he  never  before  loved,  and  niauilcsted 
much  jiious  zeal. 

At  I'ittsfield,  where  some  of  his  relatives  lived 
and  where  his  brother  had  been  the  minister,  Mr. 
Allen  went  through  the  streets,  and,  entering  each 
house,  read  a  chapter  in  the  IJible,  exhorting  all 
the  members  of  the  family  to  serve  God,  nnd 
jirnying  I'ervently  for  their  salvation.  In  like 
manner  he  visited  other  towns.  He  felt,  that  the 
time  was  short,  and  he  was  constrained  to  do  all 
the  good  in  his  jiower.  AA'ith  hi.s  white  locks  and 
the  strong  impressive  tones  of  his  voice,  nnd 
having  a  known  character  of  sanctity,  all  were 
awed  at  the  presence  of  the  man  of  God.  He 
went  about  with  the  holy  zeal  and  authority  of  nn 
aiiostle.  In  prayer  Mr.  Alien  displayed  a  sub- 
limity and  pathos,  which  good  judges  have 
considered  as  unequalled  by  any  ministers,  whom 
they  have  known.  It  wns  the  energy  of  true 
faith  and  strong  feeling.  In  November  he  arrived 
at  Xew  York,  and  there,  after  a  few  weeks,  he 
expired  in  the  arms  of  hi.s  children  Jan.  20,  1821, 
aged  70  years.  At  his  funeral  his  pall  was  borne 
by  eight  clergymen  of  the  city. 

As  he  went  down  to  the  grave  he  enjoyed  an 
unbroken  serenity  of  soul,  and  rejoiced  and 
exulted  in  the  assured  liojie  of  eternal  life  in  the 
j)resence  of  his  lledeemer  in  heaven.  Some  of 
his  last  memorable  sayings  have  been  ])reservcd 
by  Itev.  Mr.  Danforth  in  his  sketch  of  his  last 
hours.  If  there  are  any  worldly-minded  ministers, 
who  neglect  the  sheep  and  lambs  of  the  Hock,  — 


ALLKN 


u 


imy,  « 

rc|WO»ie  them 

—  niiN 

.'>  Me  ikH 

to  ill 

'    —any,  • 

/.Ml, 

■•irmiij  in 

111     |.. 

;    til   llicui 

mil! 

'mi'sh  of  Nl 

a   Ik  .  ■! 

rX('(  li    11 

'n»  lu  u-ortii'tl  iiidiik'nce, 
1  In  (*>i)r.  •     ami  dilii;t>nt 
M*  not  III,  ainff  with  holy 
ti,  nor  lirvriil  ami  mighty 
•■   hiitory  of  the  ministry 
sH  of  -Nlr.  Allen  might  show  to  what 
Jid    lionnr    they  might 
reach,  did  iiicy  luil  p<)>-.csM  his  H|iirit. 

Mr.  Allen  published  no  writings  to  keep  alivo 
his  name  on  earth,  lie  did  not,  like  sonic  learned 
men,  spend  his  life  in  liilioriiuisly  doing  nothing. 
Hut  he  has  a  record  on  high:  and  his  licncvnlent, 
])ious,  zealous  toils  have  diiiilitless  gained  for  him 
that  honor,  which  comet h  from  (iod,  and  which 
will  be  green  and  nourishing,  when  the  honors  of 
science  and  of  heroic  exploits  and  all  the  lionorH 
of  earth  shall  wither  away.  In  his  life  there  is 
presented  to  thi'  world  a  memorable  example  of 
the  power  in  doing  good,  which  may  be  wielded 
by  one  mind,  even  under  the  most  unfavinablo 
circumstances,  when  its  energies  are  wholly 
controlled  by  a  spirit  of  piety.  Though  found  iii 
deep  jjoverty,  such  a  jjious  zeal  may  mould  tlio 
characters  of  those,  who  hy  their  industry  nnd 
enteqirise  acciuire  great  wealth ;  and  thus  may  be 
the  remote  cause  of  all  their  extensive  charities. 
One  lesson  C8])ecially  should  come  home  to  tho 
hearts  of  ])arents;  teaching  them  to  hoiiethnt  by 
their  faithfulness  and  the  constancy  and  impor- 
tunity of  jirayer  all  their  offspring  and  a  multitudo 
of  tlieir  descendants  will  be  rendered  through  tho 
laithfulness  and  mercy  of  God  rich  in  faith,  and  be 
made  wise  unto  8alv,ation.  —  Sketch  of  hi.i  lust 
hours,  hy  J.  N.  Danforth ;  Sparks'  Letters  of 
\Voshi)ir/ton,  MI. 

ALLEN,  Jonathan,  minister  of  Bradford,  died 
in  1827,  aged  77.  He  published  a  sermon  at  the 
ordination  of  B.  Thurston,  1780. 

AliLICN,  Jamks,  a  poet,  was  born  nt  Boston 
July  24,  1739.  It  was  his  misfortune  to  be  tho 
son  of  a  merchant  of  considerable  wealth. 
From  youth  ho  was  averse  to  study.  He  early 
adopted  free  notions  on  religion.  After  remaining 
three  years  at  college,  he  aftoi-wards  lived  at  liis 
ease  in  Boston,  without  business  and  without  a 
family,  disjdaying  much  eccentricity,  till  his  death 
Oct.,  1808,  aged  09  years.  Had  he  been  without 
property,  he  might  have  been  impelled  to  some 
useful  exertion  of  his  powers,  lie  wrote  a  few 
pieces  of  poetry — lines  on  the  Boston  massacre, 
at  the  request  of  Hr.  Warren,  the  lletrospect,  &c. 
—  Sj)ec.  of  Ainer.  Poetry,  I.  IGO. 
1  ALLEN,  "WiLLUM  IIlxuy,  a  naval  officer,  was 
born  at  Providence,  11.  I.,  Oct.  21,  1784.  His 
father,  William  Allen,  was  a  major  in  the  llevolu- 
tionary  army,  and  in  1799  ajijiointcd  brigadier- 
general  of  the  militia  of  the  State.  His  mother 
was  the  sister  of  Gov.  Jones.  Notwithstanding 
the  remonstrances  of  liis  father,  who  )vished  him 
I  to  cultivate  the  arts  of  peace,  he  entered  the  navy 


S6 


AF.I.r.N. 


AI.I.KX. 


iw  a  mlilHhipman  in  1S()0  niiil  xnilctl  under  naiii- 
liridf^c  ti>  Al^ficrN.  Artfr  lilt  nliirii  lie  n;;;iiii 
ttiiil<'<l  for  llic  Mi'iliti'iTiiiu'iiii  iiiiilcr  iliirriMi  in  the 
l'iiilii(li'l|iiiiiii  till'  tliird  tinii',  ill  I'SOJ,  iiikUt 
ItiHJi^crs  ill  the  IVi^'iitc  Juliii  AiLiiiin;  mid  tlic 
fourth  tiinr,  in  1H(I|,hm  miiliii^  muster  of  the  C'on- 
UrcNs.     Ill  his  \oyn>;i',  wliilf  the  sliip  «iis  lun;{lo 

ill  n  K"l'''  '"'  ''11  'i'"i"  •'"'  '•"'''  >'"'''  '"'"  ''"'  "''"• 
mid  iiiiist  Imvi'  liccii  lust,  \\m\  lie  not  risen  close 
liy  the  iiii/zen  eimiiis,  on  «liieli  he  ciuiKJit  hold. 
'J'liiiN  WHS  he  liy  a  Ivind  I'lv AJdiiice  preserved. 
Ah  lii'uteiiiint  he  re|iiiired  on  liourd  the  ('oiiKtilu- 
tion,  conininnded  hy  Jlodj^i-rs,  in  Oct.,  iNO.i. 
During  the  cruise  he  visited  the  inoiintiiiiiN  A'.Um 
nnd  Vesuvius  mid  the  cities  llerciiiiineiiin  mid 
roinjieii.  IJeliiniiiif^  in  ISOtl,  he  wiis  the  iu\t 
jcnr  on  hoard  the  Chesapeake,  when,  without 
ii(,ditinK.  *<''''  Mtriieli  her  colors  to  the  Itiitish 
irij;ate  I,eo])ard,  —  mi  event,  which  filled  him  with 
indif^iiution.  lie,  in  conseipience,  drew  uj)  tliu 
letter  of  the  ollicers  to  the  secretary  of  the  navy, 
urfjiiif,'  the  arrest  and  trial  of  Coin,  liarron  for 
ncjjlcct  of  duty.  Dnriii;,'  tlie  enil)ar(,'o  of  IHOS 
lie  cruised  olf  Hlock  Island  for  the  eiiforceinent 
of  the  law,  hut  in  his  delicacy  pit  excused  from 
bonrdiii^  in  ])crson  any  vessel  from  his  native 
State.  In  IHIt!)  he  joined  the  frl^jate  I'nited  StiitOH 
ns  first  lieutemint  undor  Decatur.  Soon  atter  the 
declaration  of  war  in  1N12  he  was  distin;^uishe(l 
in  the  action, Oct.  2.5th,  which  issued  in  the  cajiture 
of  the  Macedonian.  The  superior  skill  of  tlie 
United  StatCH  in  gunnery  was  nscrilied  to  the 
diligent  trahiing  and  discipline  of  Lieut.  Allen. 
Ho  carried  the  prize  safely  into  the  harbor  of 
New  York  amidst  the  gratulations  of  tliousands. 
Promoted  to  he  master  commandant,  in  1813  he 
conveyed  Mr.  Crawford,  the  minister,  to  France, 
in  the  brig  Argus,  nnd  arterwards  jiroceeded  to 
the  Irish  Channel,  agreeably  to  orders,  for  the 
purjwse  of  destroying  the  English  commerce. 
Ilis  success  was  so  great,  that  the  injury  inflicted 
by  him  ui)on  the  enemy  in  the  cajiture  of  twenty 
vessels  was  estimated  at  2,()()(),()()()  dollars.  In 
liis  generosity  he  never  allowed  the  baggage  of 
passengers  to  bo  molested.  On  the  1-lth  of  Aug. 
he  fell  in  with  the  IJritish  brig  Pelican,  cruising 
in  the  channel  for  the  pur])osc  of  capturing  the 
Argus.  Soon  after  the  action  commenced,  Cajit. 
Allen  was  mortallv  wounded,  and  carried  helow ; 
Lieut.  Watson  being  also  wounded,  tlie  command 
for  a  time  devolved  on  Lieut.  W.  II.  Allen,  Jr. 
After  a  vigorous  resistance  of  nearly  an  hour,  the 
Argus  was  cajiturcd,  with  the  loss  of  six  killed 
Olid  seventeen  wounded.  Capt.  Allen  was  carried 
into  Plymouth  the  next  day,  his  leg  having  been 
am]mtated  at  sea.  IIo  died  Aug.  1'),  181.'i,  aged 
28  years,  and  was  buried  willi  military  honors. 
Capt.  Allen  was  highly  resj)octcd  and  esteemed  in 
private  life,  exhihiting  a  uniform  courtesy  and 


amenity    of   manners.       With 


ho 


I  ubstaiiii'd  from  all  irritating  and  insiiliing  Inn^iaj^, 

I  He  iiiiiti  il  the  milder  gr.i-'s  with  the  stern  and 

!  inasciiliiie  cliHracter   of   li..'    sailor.       I'ln     eager 

deire  of  lliiiie,  called  "the  last  iidirmilN  nt   nolile 

ininils,"  seemed  to   reign  in  his  he;irt.     Against 

!  the  wishes  of  nil  his  friends  he  ei\t(re<l  the  naval 

service,  thirsting  lor  honor  and  distinction,  of 

which  he  had  his  Nliare ;  but  in  enrlv  iiiaMliond  he 

dieil  a  pri'-oiiiT  in  a  foreign  laiiil.     If  there  must 

be  victims  to  war,  we  coiiM  wish  the  defenders  of 

'  their  country's  rights  a  higher  reward  i  uui  fame. 

ltiii/ri/'i  Annil  Itiiiiii-iijihii,  'J(l.j-L*l'(l. 
I      ALLI'.N',  Sdi.oMoN  .Mkt(.\i.f,  jirofessor  of  lan- 
guages in  Middleliury  ccdlege,  Vermont,  was  the 
,  son  of  lU'v.  T.  Allen  of  I'ittstieid,  and  was  born 
j  Felt.  IH,  \~t").     He  received  his  second  name  (»n 
account  of  his  heiiig  a  descendant  on  his  mother's 
side   of   Kev,   .loseph  Metcalf,  first   minister   of 
j  I''alniouth.      His   father   destined   him   to   be   a 
'  fanner,  as  ho  was  athletic  and  fond  of  octive  life ; 
}  but,  after   ho   became   |)ious,   his   friends   being 
I  desirous  that  he  should  receive  u  eoUegial  edu- 
!  cation,  he  commenced  the  study  of  Latin  nt  the 
,  age  of  twenty.     In  IHl.'J  he  graduated  at  Middle- 
bury  with  high  reputation  as  a  scholar.     During 
a  year  s])ent  at  Andover,  besides  attending  to  the 
I  customary  studies,  ho  read  n  ))art  of  tlio  New 
Testament  in  the  Syriac  language.     After  ofHciat- 
iiig  for  two  years  as  a  tutor,  ho  was  chosen  in 
IHIO  professor  of  the  ancient  languages,  having 
risen  to  this  honor  in  seven  years  after  commencing 
the  stuily  of  Latin.     IIo  lived  to  accomjdish  but 
little,  but  long  enough  to  show  what  the  energy 
of    jiii>us    zeal     is    cajiablo    of    accomiilishing. 
Itespected  and  beloved  by  all  his  associates  nnd 
acquaintance,  his  sudden  and  awful  death  over- 
whelmed them  with  sorrow.     Ueing  induced,  on 
account   of   a    defect    in    the    chimney,   to    go 
imprudently  upon  the  roof  of  the  college  building, 
he  fell  from  it  Sept.  23,  bSl",  and  in  consequence 
died  the  same  evening,  aged  28  years.     In  his 
last  hours  his  numerous  Iriends  crowded  around 
him,  "  watching  with  tremlding  anxiety  the  flight 
of  his  immortal  soul  to  the  kindred  spirits  of  a 
better  world."    Under  the  extreme  anguish  of  his 
dying  moments,  resigning  the  loveliness,  whicli  he 
had  hoi)ed  would  be  shortly  his  own,  and  all  the 
fair  ])ros])ects  of  this  world,  he  exclaimed:  "The 
Lord  reigneth,  let  the  earth  njoice!      ()  Father, 
thy  will  be  done!     So  seemoth  it  good  in  thy 
sight,   O   Lord."    Professor   I'rederic   Hall  has 
described  his  frank  and  noble  character  and  his 
many  \irtues,  the  tenderness  of  his  heart  and  his 
energy  of  mind.    Another  writer  speaks  of  his 
unwearied  perseverance  and  unconquerable  reso- 
lution, nnd  says  :   "  His  march  to  eminence  was 
steady,  ra])id,  and  sure.     Whether  ho  turned  his 
attention  to  the  abstruse  nnd  jirofoumL  branches 
of  mathematical  science  or  to  the  stores  of  ancient 
classical  learning,  he  solved  every  problem  and 


is   frii'iulN   !)fiii(^ 


ALLF.X.  AM,F.V.  87 

ovi'iraniP  rvrry  obstiiclo  with  oqiml  fiicility  nn<l '  extrart  fnin)  Xoiili  U  in  S|M-(imi'n'<  nt  Amrrirnn 

Iriumi.ti  "     Mr.   Allfii   wan  nt    Aiulovcr  <)iu«  of  ;  I'o.lry.  —  N/x-'.  .Im,  n.n;(  /'..Wi//,  ii.  is.V 

.Mhc''roi.iir.lMars"tlii'fri.>i'lHof  ('i»rloN\Vii<nx.l      AI.M'.N.  Huiuiil..  Hr-.t   l.isli..|.  of  ilu>  Afri- 

oilii.inl  K.  I.y  liim   ill  the  f(.ilnwiM«  line*.     Tlio   can  Mcllio.liM  l",|.is(Miiml(liiirih,  diitl  at  I'iiiladi-l- 

othcrit    wiT<''  SjKc.trr    I.ariu'.l,   AUxaiidrr    M. ,  |)i»ia  .NLirdrJil.  Ih;H.  ntfril  71 

I'iilu'r,  I.c'vi  I'arM)!!^,  I'liiij  l'i>k,  and  Jo-opli  K. 

AiidriiHi  all    ri'conlcd    in   tliiH  voiuini-.      'I'lie  .•, 

with  Mr.  Allen  and  Mr.  Wilcox,  all  yoini)(  men, 

no  IciM^'fT  hhinc  on  tlic  earth  ;  l)ilt,  it  is  believed, 

they  make  a  coiiNti'il.ition  of  neven  starN,  like  tiie 

I'ltiadi's,  re^|ileiidint  in   heaven.     .May  there  he 

in  future  many  such  groups  in   our  lhcoh)gicul 

Hchools, 


"  Yo  wiT<>  «  KTOiip  nf  Fitiir«  rnllvctoil  li<-m. 
("iiiiiii  iiiliaiv  Klimlnir,  "th.'M  «|i,irkllin(lirigliti 
lliTr.  rl^lim  I'l  II  ri'irimi  I'liliii  ami  cli'iir, 
Y>'^lMlllvlt»lllll'  nitli  liittTinliiKli'il  IlKht; 
Tlii'i,  pnrtl  in.  rue  h  imrwiilnx  lili  own  IHk''' 

O'er  till'  ni'lc  Iii'I1iI-|iIiitc...h'i'1iik1,v  I'll' i 

lliit,  I'H'  ycrllmlicil  li>  half  ymir  |ir<iiiili<iMl  lii'lnht, 

Yi'  Kiiiik  uitiiiii  with  hriulitfiiliiK  uliiry  riiuinl  yiiu  thrown, 

Kuh  lilt  11  l.rillliiiit  triirk,  luiimclii'XiilnMlttliiiiu." 

—  niiir.i  /■jiln;/!/ ;   ]\'ilroj-'.i  Itcmains,  00  i  Nu- 
iioHiit  Slaiolani,  Oct.  1,  1H17. 

AF.I.l'.N,  I'Aft.,  a  poet,  was  horn  at  Proudenco, 
K.  1.,  I'eh.  1."),  177.)  i  his  father,  Paul  Allen,  heiiij,' 
n  repicHeiilative  in  the  legislature,  and  his  mother 
the  dau^'hter  of  (iov.  Cook.  lie  was  >;radiiated 
nt  lirown  university  in  1700  and  afterwards 
studied,  Imt  never  practised,  law.  Devoted  to 
liierature,  ho  removed  to  Philadeliihia  and  was 
cn)^a;;ed  as  a  writer  in  the  Port- Folio  and  in  the 
United  States  (ja/ette,  and  was  also  miploycd  to 
prepare  for  the  press  the  travels  ol  Lewis  and 
Clark.  After  this  he  was  for  some  time  one  of  the 
editors  of  the  Federal  llepuhlican  at  Ualtiniorc; 
hut  on  (piittin-j  this  employment  he  found  him- 
self in  impaired  health  and  extreme  indif^cnco, 
with  a  widowed  mother  dependent  on  him  for 
sup]iort.  In  his  mental  disorder,  ho  believed 
that  he  was  to  he  waylaid  and  murdered.  To 
the  dis;;racc  of  our  laws  he  was  thrown  into  jail 
for  a  debt  of  liO  dollars.  About  this  time  he 
wrote  for  the  Portico,  a  magazine,  associated  with 
Pierpont  and  Neal.  His  friends  jirocured  for 
him  the  establishment  of  the  Journal  of  the 
Times,  and  afterwards  of  the  Moniinj^  Chroiiiele, 
which  was  widely  circulated.  Having  long  and 
fre(piently  advertised  a  history  of  the  American 
J{evolulion,  of  which  he  had  written  nothing,  it 


.M.J.l'.N,  111  N.IAM1N,  Hector  of  St.  Paul's  church, 
Philadelphia,  tlied  at  sea  in  the  brig  I'.dward  on 
his  return  from  I'.urnpe  Jan.  •J7,  ivjK.  lie  had 
lieeii  the  editor  of  the  Chri'itiaii  Maga/me,  and 
was  a  disinterested,  zealous  sei-\alit  of  (iod. 

.\Mil''.N,  Ji'.NMNtiS,  died  in  I'airtleld  district, 
S.  ('.,  Jan.,  1n;1.»,  ageil  111;  a  soldier  of  the  rev- 
olutionary army. 

ALLl'.N,  r.i'liHAiM,  died  in  .Salem,  X.  Y.,  in 
IHIO;  a  graduate  of  Harvard  in  17N0,  and  re- 
spected as  n  physician.  His  wife  was  a,  daughter 
of  (ien.  Newhall. 

ALI.KN,  Haiih  'IN,  missionary  among  tho 
Choctaws,  died  at  i..iot  Aug.  10,  IH.ll,  aged  'M. 
Horn  in  Chilniark,  he  graduated  at  liowdoin  in 
l.S'JI,  at  Andover  seniii-  '■  IKl'H  He  arrived 
at  I '.Hot  Jan.,  1h:!  ' 

ALLKX,    lli;\  '..    lied   "t   Hydo 

Park,  N.  Y.,  July  'iz,  i.).>o,  aged  {)o\  once  iiro- 
fessor  of  mat  Hematics  at  Union  College,  ond  long 
the  eminent  head  of  a  classical  school  at  Hydo 
Park. 

ALLEX,  MvnA,  wife  of  I).  O.  Allen,  mission- 
ary at  IJombay,  died  suddetdy,  Feb.  .l,  1H;J1,  aged 
;iO.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Col.  Abel  Wood 
of  Westminster,  Mass.  j  a  devoted  and  iiseftd  mis- 
sionary for  the  short  period  of  three  years.  Her 
character  is  described  in  the  Miss.  Herald  for 
1K31  and  1H,'J2. 

ALLEX,  Onr.ui,  missionary,  wife  of  ]).  O, 
Allen,  died  at  Hombay  June  o,  1S12.  Her  iiamo 
was  Graves,  of  llupert,  Vt.  She  went  to  Bombay 
in  1S3I  and  was  married  in  ISIJS. 

ALLEX,  .(ViilliA,  wife  of  J).  O.  Allen,  mission- 
ary at  Homhay,  died  June  11,  IKIIJ.  Her  name 
was  Condit.  She  left  Xcw  York  with  her  sister, 
!Mrs.  Nevins,  in  18.'!0,  and  lived  some  time  in 
Ilataviaand  Uorneo  before  her  marriage  in  Dec., 
184'J.     She  died  in  peace  imd  triumph. 

ALLEX,  Sauaii  Joiinsox,  wife  of  William 
Allen,  died  at  Xorthamjjton  Feb.  'J.j,  1848,  aged 
iTi  ;  a  daughter  of  John  "SI.  Breed,  a  merchant 
of  Xorwich,  Conn.  —  M'hilc  unmarried,  she  and 
Sarah  L.  Huntington,  afterwards  married  to  Dr. 


was  now  deternuned  to  publish  it,  an  unecpialled  !  ]',li  Smith,  established  and  conducted  a  Sabbath 
subscription  having  been  obtained.  The  work  school  among  the  ^lohegan  Indians  near  Xor- 
ajiiieaved  in  two  vols,  in  his  name,  hut  was  written  wich.  In  the  result  a  church  was  built  at  their 
by  Mr.  John  Neal  and  !Mr.  Watkins  ;  Xeal  writing  '  residence  in    Montville,  at  wliich  Gen.  William 


the  first  vol.,  beginning  with  the  Declaration  of 
Independence.  His  principal  poem,  called  Xoah, 
which  has  simplicity  and  feeling,  was  also  sub- 
mitted to  Mr.  Xeal,  and  reduced  to  one-fil'th  of 
its  original  size.  He  died  at  Balthnore  in  Aug., 
182(),  aged  ol  years.  lie  published  original 
poems,  serious  and  entertaining,  1801.     A  long 


Williams  was  accustomed,  last  year,  to  visit  them 
every  Sabbath  as  their  teacher. 

ALLEX,  JosKPH,  died  at  Worcester  Sept.  2, 
1827,  aged  78.  Born  in  Boston,  his  mother  was 
a  sister  of  Samuel  Adams.  He  was  n  merchant 
in  Leicester,  a  benefactor  and  treasurer  of  the 
academy.    In  1776  he  removed  to  Worcester,  and 


28 


ALLEN. 


ALLISON. 


sustained  various  public  offices,  —  was  clerk  of  the 
courfw,  a  councillor,  a  member  of  couj^ress,  twice 
one  of  the  electors  of  i)resident.  His  sons  were 
Charles  and  George  Allen. 

ALLEN,  Hkman,  died  in  Burlington,  Vt.,  Dec. 
11,  1844,  a  brother  of  Ethan  A.,  and  a  member 
of  congress.     Ho  was  also  minister  to  Chili. 

ALLEN,  JoN.\TllA.N',  died  at  I'ittsfield,  May  20, 
184  ■>,  aged  12.  He  was  the  son  of  ]{ev.  T.  Alien, 
and  had  been  a  senator  of  Ma.ssachusctts.  He 
greatly  ])ronioted  the  interests  of  agriculture  by 
introducing  into  lierkshirc  an  excellent  flock  of 
Spanish  merino  sheep,  for  which  sole  object  he 
crossed  the  ocean. 

ALLEN,  S.VMUIX  C,  died  at  Northfield  Feb. 
8,  IMC).  A  graduate  of  Dartmouth  in  1794,  he 
was  the  minister  of  N.  in  ll'JH;  but  withdrew 
from  the  pulj)it  and  studied  law.  For  twelve 
years  he  was  a  monibor  of  congress.  He  jiub- 
lished  an  oration  July  4,  1H()0|  eulogy  on 
President  John  "Wheelock,  delivered  at  Hanover 
Aug.  17,  I H 17. 

ALLEllTON,  Isaac,  one  of  the  first  settlors 
of  Plymouth,  came  over  in  the  first  shiji,  the  May- 
flower.    His  name  a])pcars  the  fiflh  in  the  agree- 
ment of  the  conii)any,  signed  at  Capo  Cod,  Nov. 
11,  1020.     'J'hcre  were  six  persons  in  liis  family. 
Mary,  his  wife,  died  Feb.  25,  1G21.     His  daugh- 
ter, Mary,  married   Elder  T.  Cushman,  son  of 
Robert  C.,  and  died  in  1099,  aged  about  90, 
the  last  survivor  of  those,  who  came  over  in  the 
Mayflower.  —  Sarah  married  Moses  Maverick  of 
Marblehead.    In  the  summer  or  autumn  of  1620 
he  went  to  England  as  agent  for  the  colony ;  and 
he  returned  in  the  spring  of  1027,  having  condi- 
tionally purchased  for  his  associates  the  rights  of 
the  adventurers  for  1800  pounds,  the  agreement 
being  signed  Nov.  lii,  1020,  and  also  hired  for 
them  200  pounds,  at  30  per  cent,  interest,  and  ex- 
pended it  in  goods.    He  took  a  second  voyage  as 
agent  in  1027  and  concluded  the  bargain  with  the 
company  at  London  Nov.  0,  accomplishing  also 
other  objects,  particularly  obtaining  a  jratent  for 
a  trading  place  in  the  Kennebec.     Judge  Davis 
erroneously  rejiresents,  that  Mr.  Prince  dates  the 
departure  of  yir.  Allerton  in  the  autumn ;  hut  Mr. 
Prince  speaks  only  of  his  going  "  with  the  return 
of  the  shijjs,''  j)robably  Jmie  or  July.    The  voyage 
of  the  i)receding  year  he  regards  as  made  "  in  the 
fall ; "  also  the  third  voyage  in  1028,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  enlarging  the  Kennebec  patent.     After 
his  return  in  August,  1029,  he  jiroceeded  again 
to  England  and  with  great  difficulty  obtauicd  the 
patent  Jan.  29,  1030.    A  fifth  voyage  was  made 
in  1030,  and  he  returned  the  following  year  in 
the  ship  White  Angel.     Ho  was  an  tiiicrprisuig 
trader  at  Penobscot  and  elsewhere.     In  1033  he 
was  engaged  in  "a  trading  wigwam,"  which  was 
lost  at  Macliias.     A  bark  of  his  was  lost  on  Cape 
Ann  in  lG3i5,  and  twenty-one  persons  perished, 


among  whom  were  John  Aver)-,  a  minister,  his 
wife,  and  six  children.  The  rock  is  called  "  Avcrj-'s 
fall."  From  1043  to  1G.J9  he  lived  at  New  Haven, 
and  ])robably  traded  with  the  Dutch  at  Now  York. 
In  1053  he  received  mackerel  from  Boston  to  sell 
for  half  ])rofits,  and  is  called  J.  .\llorton,  senior.  — 
I'oint  Alderton  in  Boston  harbor  is  supposed  to 
be  named  from  him.  —  His  second  wife,  whom  ho 
married  before  1027,  and  who  died  of  "the  pest- 
ilent fever  "  in  1034,  was  Fear  Brewster,  daughter 
of  Elder  Brewster,  who  had  another  daughter, 
Love,  and  a  son,  Wrestling.  It  seems,  that  he 
was  married  again ;  for  coming  from  New  Haven 
in  1644,  he  was  cast  away  with  his  wife  Johanna 
at  Scituate,  but  was  saved.  He  died  in  1039;  his 
widow  in  1084.  His  son  Isaac  was  graduated  in 
lOoO :  —  Elizabeth,  liis  daughter,  married  B.  Starr 
and  S.  Eyre.  Davis'  Morton,  38,  221, 389,  391  ; 
Mass.  IJis.  Coll.  III.  46 ;  Prince,  242 ;  Sttvaije's 
Winthr.  I.  25;  II.  210;  /.  Mathers'  Hem.  I'rov. 

ALLISON,  Frvxcis,  I).  I).,  assistant  minister 
of  the  first  Presbyterian  church  in  Philadeli)hia, 
was  born  in  Ireland  in  1705.  After  an  early 
classical  education  at  an  academy  he  completed 
his  studies  at  the  university  of  Glasgow.  He 
came  to  this  country  in  1735,  and  was  soon  ap- 
pointed pastor  of  a  Presbyterian  church  at  New 
London  in  Chester  county,  Penn.  Here,  about 
the  year  1741,  his  solicitude  for  the  interests  of 
the  Kedeemer's  kingdom  and  his  desire  of  en- 
gaging young  men  in  the  work  of  the  ministry 
and  of  promoting  public  happiness  by  the  diffu- 
sion of  religious  liberty  and  learning  induced  him 
to  open  a  public  school.  There  was  at  this  time 
scarcely  a  particle  of  learning  in  the  middle 
States,  and  he  generally  instructed  all,  that  came 
to  him,  without  fee  or  reward. — About  the  year 
1747  he  was  invited  to  talvo  the  charge  of  an 
academy  in  Philadelphia;  in  1755  he  was  elected 
\ice  provost  of  the  college,  which  had  just  been 
established,  and  professor  of  moral  philosophy. 
He  was  also  minister  in  the  first  Presbyterian 
church.  In  the  discharge  of  the  laborious  duties, 
which  devolved  upon  him,  he  continued  till  his 
death  Nov.  28,  1777,  aged  72. 

Besides  an  unusually  accurate  and  profound 
acquaintance  with  the  Latin  and  Greek  classics, 
he  was  well  informed  m  moral  jjhilosophy,  history, 
and  general  literature.  To  his  zeal  for  the  difl'u- 
sion  of  knowledge  Pennsylvania  owes  much  of 
tli.it  taste  for  solid  learning  and  classical  literature, 
for  which  many  of  her  j)rincipal  characters  have 
been  so  distinguished.  The  private  virtues  of  Dr. 
Allison  conciliated  the  esteem  of  all  that  knew 
him,  and  his  public  usefulness  has  erected  a  last- 
ing monument  to  his  praise.  For  more  than 
forty  years  he  supported  the  ministerial  character 
with  dignity  and  reputation.  In  his  public  scr- 
\iees  he  was  plain,  practical,  and  argumentative  j 
warm,  animated,  and  pathetic,    lie  was  greatly 


y,  a  minister,  his 
is  called  "  Avery's 
ed  at  New  Haven, 
iiteh  at  New  York, 
om  Boston  to  sell 
llerton,  senior.  — 
)r  is  suj)i)osed  to 
nd  wife,  whom  ho 
ied  of  "  tlic  ])est- 
rewster,  dau;,'liter 
iiother  daiigliter, 
:  seems,  that  ho 
from  New  Haven 
his  wife  Johanna 
[lied  in  IGoO;  his 
ivas  graduated  in 
married  13.  Starr 
8,221,389,391; 
e,  242;  Sam„jc's 
rs'  Rem.  I'rov. 
;ssistant  minister 
in  Philadeljjhia, 
After  an   early 
ly  he  completed 
Glasgow.     He 
d  was  soon  ap- 
church  at  New 
n.    Here,  about 
he  interests  of 
s  desire  of  en- 
of  the  ministry 
^s  by  the  diffu- 
ig  induced  him 
as  at  this  time 
in  the  middle 
all,  that  came 
^bout  the  year 

charge  of  an 
he  was  elected 
had  just  been 
il  philosoj)!!}'. 

Presbyterian 
tiorious  duties, 
tinued  till  his 

md  profound 
reek  classics, 
ophy,  history, 
for  the  diff'u- 
es  much  of 
eal  literature, 
iracters  have 
virtues  of  Dr. 
II  that  knew 
ected  a  last- 
more  than 
'ial  character 
public  scr- 
;umentative ; 
was  greatly 


1 


ALLISON. 

honored  by  the  gracious  llcdcemer  in  being 
made  instnimentai,  as  it  is  believed,  in  the  salva- 
tion of  many,  who  heard  him.  1  le  was  frank  and 
ingenuous  in  his  natural  teni])er ;  warm  and  zeal- 
ous in  his  friendships ;  catholic  in  his  sentiments  ; 
a  friend  to  civil  and  religious  liberty.  His  benev- 
olence led  him  to  sjiare  no  i)auis  nor  trouble  in 
assisting  the  jjoor  and  distressed  by  his  aduce 
and  influence,  or  by  his  own  private  liberality.  It 
was  he,  who  planned  and  was  the  means  of  estab- 
lishing the  widows'  fund,  which  was  remarkably 
useful.  He  often  expressed  liis  hopes  in  the 
mercy  of  God  unto  eternal  life,  and  but  a  few 
days  Ijcfore  his  death  said  to  1  )r.  I'wing,  that  he 
had  no  doubt,  but  that  according  to  the  gosjjcl 
covenant  he  should  obtain  the  pardon  of  his  sins 
through  the  great  Redeemer  of  mankind,  and 
enjoy  an  eternity  of  rest  and  glorjin  the  presence 
of  God.  —  He  published  a  sermon  delivered  be- 
fore the  synods  of  New  York  and  Pennsylvania 
May  24,  l"o8,  entitled,  peace  and  unity  recom- 
mended.—  Axxenilili/'s  MisK.Mag.  I.  4u7 — 3G1 ; 
Miller's  Betrospcct,  II.  342;  Holmes'  Life  of 
Stiles,  9H,  99. 

ALLISON,  P.VTRICK,  D.  D.,  first  minister  of  the 
Presbyterian  cliurch  in  Baltimore,  was  born  in 
Lancaster  county  in  1 740,  educated  at  the  college 
of  Philadelphia,  and  installed  in  17G2  at  Balti- 
more, where  he  remained  in  eminent  usefulness 
till  his  death  Aug.  21,  1802,  aged  CI.  His  few 
jjublications  were  in  favor  of  ci\il  and  religious 
liberty. 

ALLSTON,  Joseph,  general,  was  elected  gov- 
ernor of  South  Carolina  in  1812.  He  died  at 
Charleston  Sei)t.  10,  1816,  aged  38.  His  wife, 
the  daughter  of  Col.  Aaron  Burr,  was  lost  at  sea 
on  her  passage  from  Charleston  to  New  York  in 
1812. 

ALLSTON,  AViLLlAM,  colonel,  senator  in  the 
first  congress,  died  at  Charleston  June  20,  1839, 
aged  82.  One  of  the  largest  owners  of  his  fellow 
men  in  the  State,  his  slaves  cultivated  his  paternal 
estate  near  Georgetown.  He  was  an  ofl[icer 
under  Marion  ;  and  the  father  of  Gov.  A. 

ALLSTON,  W.vsiiiXGTON,  a  very  distinguished 
])ainter,  died  at  Cambridge  July  9, 1843,  aged  03. 
lie  was  born  of  a  respected  family  in  Charleston, 
S.  C,  Nov.  5,  1779.  After  being  in  the  school 
of  It.  Itogers,  Newport,  he  graduated  at  Harvard 
in  1800.  He  was  early  fond  of  music,  ])ainting, 
and  jioetry.  In  order  to  cultivate  his  taste  for 
painting  he  sold  his  patrimonial  estate,  and 
entered  in  1801  the  Iloyal  Academy  in  London, 
of  which  Benjamin  West,  an  American,  was  the 
president.  In  1804  he  i)asscd  over  to  Paris  and 
thence  to  Italy.  Thus  he  was  eight  jears  in 
Euroj:e,  studying  the  works  of  the  great  masters, 
and  enjoying  the  friendshij)  of  jjoets  and  jjainters 
in  England  and  Italy.  Among  his  friends  were 
the  poets  Wordsworth,  Southey,  and  Coleridge; 


ALSOP. 


29 


and  among  the  painters  Rcj-nolda,  West,  and 
I'useli. 

In  1809  he  retunicd  to  .\merica,  and  the  next 
year  delivered  a  ])()em  at  Cambridge  at  the  annual 
meeting  of  tlie  I'iii  Beta  Kappa  society,  w lien  the 
writer  of  this  had  the  honor  of  being  his  literary 
associate,  and  of  delivering  the  prose  address  on 
that  occasion;  and  after  the  lajise  of  forty-six 
years  I  remember  well  his  ample  locks,  and  fine, 
uiteresting,  animated,  sjiiritual  countenance.  At 
this  period  he  married  the  sister  of  Dr.  C'haniiing. 
The  years  from  1811  to  1818  he  also  spent  in 
England,  where  he  published  in  1813  the  sylphs 
of  the  seasons  and  other  jioems.  God  afllicted 
him  by  liereanng  him  of  his  wife ;  but  led  him  to 
seek  earnestly  the  permanent  consolations  of  re- 
ligion. His  iiiith  was  strong  in  the  incarnation 
of  the  Son  of  God ;  and  he  had  recourse  to  the 
sacraments  of  the  church. 

On  his  return  in  1818  ho  made  Boston  his 
home ;  but  soon  built  him  a  house  and  studio  in 
Cambridge,  where  he  married  a  daughter  of  Judge 
Dana  in  1830.  His  principal  works  as  a  painter 
were,  "  the  dead  man  restored  to  hfe  by  I:;iijah," 
"  the  angel  liberating  Peter  from  prison,"  "  Jacob's 
dream,"  "  Elijah  in  the  desert,"  "  the  angel  Uriel 
in  the  sun,"  "Saul  and  the  witch  of  Endor," 
"  Sj)alatro's  vision  of  the  bloody  hand,"  "Gabriel 
setting  the  guard  of  the  heavenly  host,"  "  Anna 
Page  and  Slender,"  "  Beatrice,"  and  "  Belshazzar's 
Feast," — his  last  work.  He  died  suddenly.  Ho 
possessed  a  jiowerful  and  brilliant  imagination ; 
and  as  a  colorist  he  was  called  the  American 
Titian.  His  brother,  William  Moore  A.,  died  at 
Newport  in  1844,  aged  02.  lleceiving  by  the  will 
of  his  father  a  young  slave,  named  Diana,  ho 
emancipated  her,  and  she  became  the  mother  of 
freemen  in  Charleston.  His  faith  in  the  atone- 
ment and  his  Christian  character  were  commended 
in  a  sermon  by  Mr.  Albro  of  Cambridge.  Besides 
his  poems,  he  also  published  Monaldi,  a  prose 
talc ;  lectures  on  art  and  poems,  with  a  preface 
by  Mr.  Dana,  N.  Y.,  18o0. 

ALLYN,  Matthew,  judge,  died  at  Windsor, 
Conn.,  in  17J8,  aged  97.  He  was  a  r^lonel,  a 
councillor,  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court. 

ALLYN,  John,  D.  D.,  the  minister  of  Duxbury, 
died  July  19,  1833,  aged  00.  He  was  born  in 
Barnstable,  and  was  a  graduate  of  1785  ;  ordained 
in  1788.  Benj.  Kent  was  lus  colleague  in  1820. 
A  memoir  by  C.  Francis,  his  son-in-law,  is  in 
Hist.  Coll.  III.,  vol.  5. 

He  pubhshed  a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of 
A.  Bradford,  1793;  at  thanksgiving,  1798;  at 
Hanover,  1799;  at  Plymouth,  1801;  at  election, 
180.J ;  at  New  Year's,  1800 ;  Christian  ^lonitor, 
1800,  being  prayers,  &:c. ;  at  Sandwich,  1808 ;  also 
two  charges,  and  obituary  notices  of  Drs.  West 
and  Barnes. 

ALSOP,  George,  published  "a  character  of 


30 


ALSOP. 


AMERICUS. 


tlio  province  of  Maryland,"  doscrihinpf  the  laws, 
customs,  commodities,  usii.^e  of  slaves,  &c. ;  also 
"  a  small  treatise  of  the  wild  and  native  Indians, 
&c."     Lond(m,  KiOfi,  pp.  US. 

ALSOl*,  Iti(  IIAIII),  a  ])oet,  the  son  of  Richard 
A.  and  .Mary  Wrij;hi,  was  l)orn  in  Middletown, 
Conn.,  in   17.j!),  and  was  a  merchant,  as  was  his 
father.     He   died   at    I'latlmsh,  I,.  I.,   Au;,'.  20, 
1815,  aged  5G  years,  with  a  character  of  correct 
morality.      Several  of  his  poetical  compositions 
are  preserved  in  the  volume  entitled  "  American 
Poetry."    In    1800   he  ])ul)hshed   a  monody,  in 
licroic  verse,  on  the  death  of  Washinf,'ton,  and 
in   ISOS  a  translation  from  the  Italian  of  a  part 
of  Berni's  Orlando  Inamorato,  under  the  title  of 
the  Fairy  of  the  iMichanted  Lake.     lie  jjuhlished 
also  several  prose  translations  from  the  French 
and  Italian,  amon-,'  which  is  Molini's  history  of 
Chili,  with  notes  4  vols.  8  vo.,  1808.     This  Avas 
republished  in  London  without  acknowledgment 
of  its  being  an  American  translation.     In  1815  he 
published  the  narrative  of  the  captivity  of  J.  It. 
Jcwitt  at  Xootka  Sound.     The  Universal  Receijjt 
Book  was  com])ile(l  also  by  him.     Among  numer- 
ous iui]niblished  works,  left  by  him,  is  the  ])oem 
called  The   Charms  of   Fancy.      He   wrote   for 
amusement,  and  made  but  little  effort  for  literary 
distinction ;  yet  his  powers  were  above  the  com- 
mon level.     With  a  lu.vuriant  fancy  he  had  a 
facility  of  expression.      In   1791  the  Echo  was 
commenced  at  Hartford,  being  a  series  of  bur- 
lesque, poetic  jjieces,  designed  at  first  to  ridicule 
the  inflated  style  of  Boston  editors.     The  plan 
was  soon  extended,  so  as  to  include  politics.    The 
writers  were  Alsoj),  Theodore  Dwight,  Hopkins, 
Trumbull,  and  others,  called  the  "Hartford  wits." 
This  was  repubUshed  with  other  poems  in  1807. 
Alsop  wrote  more  of  the  Echo  than  any  other 
contributor  ;  also  the  Political  Greenhouse  in  the 
same  volume.     His  mother,  who  had  been  a 
■widow  about  filly  years,  died  in  Oct.,  182!),  aged 
90.     Mr.  A.'s  widow  married  Samuel  AV.  Dana, 
a    member    of   Congress;    one    sister    married 
Theodore    Dwight,    and    another    married  Mr. 
Riley  of  New  York.  —  Spec.  Ami'i:  Poet.  II. 

AMERICUS  VESPUCIUS,  or  more  properly 
Amerigo  Vesimcci,  a  Florentine  gentleman,  from 
whom  America  derives  its  name,  was  born  March 
9,  14 Jl,  of  au  ancient  family,  llis  father,  who 
was  an  Italian  merchant,  brought  him  uj)  in  this 
business,  and  his  jirol'ession  led  him  to  visit  Sp.iin 
and  other  countries.  Being  eminently  skilful  in 
all  the  sciences  subservient  to  navigation,  and 
possessing  an  enterprising  s])irit,  he  became 
desirous  of  seeing  the  new  world,  which  Columbus 
had  discovered  in  141)2.  He  accordingly  entered 
as  a  merchant  on  board  ihe  small  fleet  of  four 
ships,  equij)])ed  by  the  merchants  of  Seville  and 
sent  out  muler  the  command  of  Ojeda.  The ! 
enterprise  was  sanctioned  by  a  royal  license. 


According  to  Amerigo's  own  nccotmt  he  sailed 
from  Cadiz  May  20,  1407,  and  returned  to  the 
same  port  October  l.j,  14!)S,  having  discovered 
the  coast  of  Paria  and  ])assed  as  far  as  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico.  If  this  statement  is  correct,  he  saw 
the  continent  before  Columbus ;  but  its  correct- 
ness has  been  dis])ioved ;  and  the  voyage  of 
Ojeda  was  not  made  until  1499,  which  Amerigo 
calls  his  second  voyage,  falsely  representing  that 
he  himself  had  the  command  of  six  vessels.  Ho 
sailed  ^lay  20,  1499,  under  the  command  of 
Ojeda,  and  proceeded  to  the  Antilla  Islands,  and 
thence  to  the  coast  of  Guiana  and  Venezuela,  and 
returned  to  Cadiz  in  Nov.,  1500.  After  his 
return  F,ma:iuel,  king  of  Portugal,  who  was 
jealous  of  the  success  and  glory  of  Sjiain,  inntcd 
him  to  his  kingdom,  and  gave  him  the  command 
of  three  ships  to  malic  a  third  voyage  of  discovery. 
He  sailed  from  Lisbon  May  10,  1501,  and  ran 
down  the  coasts  of  Africa  as  far  as  Sierra  Leone 
and  the  coast  of  Angola,  and  then  ])asscd  over  to 
Brazil  in  South  America,  and  continued  his  dis- 
coveries to  the  south  as  far  as  I'atagonia.  He 
then  retm-ned  to  Sierra  Leone  and  the  coast  of 
Guinea,  and  entered  again  the  port  of  Lisbon 
Sept.  7,  1502. 

King  Emanuel,  highly  gratified  by  his  success, 
equijiped  for  him  six  shi[)s.  with  which  he  sailed 
on  his  fourth  and  last  voyage  May  10,  1503.  It 
was  his  object  to  discover  a  western  passage  to 
the  Molucca  Islands.  He  jiassed  the  coasts  of 
Africa,  and  entered  the  Bay  of  All  Saints  in 
Brazil.  Having  provision  for  only  twenty  months, 
and  being  detained  on  the  coast  of  Brazil  by  bad 
weather  and  contrary  winds  five  months,  he 
formed  the  resolution  of  returning  to  Portugal, 
where  he  arrived  June  14,  1504.  As  he  carried 
home  with  him  considerable  quantities  of  the 
Brazil  wood,  and  other  articles  of  value,  he  was 
received  with  joy.  It  was  soon  after  this  period, 
that  he  wrote  an  account  of  his  four  voyages. 
The  work  was  dedicated  to  Rene  II.,  diJce  of  Lor- 
rauie,  wlio  took  the  title  of  king  of  Sicily,  and 
who  died  Dec.  10,  1508.  It  was  ])robably  pub- 
lished about  the  year  1507,  for  in  that  year  ho 
went  from  Lisbon  to  Seville,  and  King  Ferdinand 
aj)pointed  him  to  draw  sea  charts,  with  the  title 
of  chief  pilot.  He  died  at  the  island  of  Tercera 
in  1514,  aged  about  (53  years,  or,  agreeably  to 
another  account,  at  Seville,  in  1512. 

As  he  published  the  first  book  and  chart 
describing  the  new  world,  and  as  he  claimed  the 
honor  of  first  discovering  the  continent,  the  new 
world  has  received  from  him  the  name  of 
America.  His  pretensiims,  however,  to  this  first 
discovery  do  not  seem  to  be  well  suj)ported  against 
the  claims  of  Columbus,  to  whom  the  honor  is 
uniformly  ascribed  by  the  Spanish  historians,  and 
who  first  saw  the  continent  in  1498.  llerrera, 
who  compiled  his  general  history  of  America 


US. 

)Trn  accoTint  he  sailed 
and  returned  to  the 
'S,  liaviiifi:  discovered 
ed  as  far  as  the  Gulf 
It  is  correct,  lie  saw 
l)us ;  hut  its  correct- 
and  the  voya-];e  of 
4!)!),  wluch  Ameri^-o 
3ly  re])resontiiig  that 
I  of  six  vessels.  lie 
r  the  command  of 
Amilla  Islands,  and 
and  Venezuela,  and 

I*JOO.  After  his 
I'ortu^al,  who  was 
ry  of  Si)ain,  innted 
B  him  the  command 
voyage  of  discovery. 

10,  1501,  and  ran 
far  as  Sierra  Leone 
then  passed  over  to 
I  continued  his  dis- 
as  I'atagonia.  lie 
lie  and  the  coast  of 
he  port  of  Lishon 

fied  hy  his  success, 
ith  which  he  sailed 
May  10,  iJOa.     It 
vestern  jjassage  to 
sKcd  the  coasts  of 
of  All  Saints  in 
ily  twenty  months, 
it  of  Brazil  by  bad 
five    months,  he 
•ning  to  Portugal, 
As  he  carried 
quantities   of  the 
of  value,  he  was 
alter  this  period, 
lis  four  voyages. 
II.,dulte  of  Lor- 
ng  of  Sicily,  and 
as  j)robably  j)ub- 
in  that  year  he 
King  Ferdinand 
'ts,  with  the  title 
sland  of  Tercera 
or,  agreeably  to 
12. 

look  and  chart 
s  ho  claimed  the 
ntincnt,  the  new 
the  name  of 
^ver,  to  this  first 
.i])portcd  against 
m  the  honor  is 
1  historians,  and 
41)8.  Ilerrera, 
ry  of  America 


AMES. 

from  the  most  authenfir  records,  says,  that 
Amerigo  never  made  but  two  voyages,  and  those 
were  with  Ojeda  in  lit)!)  and  l.iOI,  and  tliiit  his 
relation  of  his  other^  voyages  vas  proved  to  be  a 
mere  imposition.  This  charge  nocds  to  be  con- 
firmed by  strong  jiroof,  for  Amerigi-'s  book  was 
j)ul)li-;he(l  wiihin  ten  years  of  the  ])eriod  assigned 
ibr  his  first  voyage,  when  the  facts  must  have  been 
fresh  in  the  memories  of  thousands.  IJcsides  the 
improbaliility  of  his  being  guilty  of  falsifying 
dates,  as  he  was  accused,  which  arises  from  this 
circumstance,  it  is  very  jjossible,  that  the  8|)ani.sh 
writers  might  have  felt  a  national  resentment 
against  him  for  having  deserted  the  service  of 
Sjiain.  Hut  the  evidence  against  the  honesty  of 
Amerigo  is  very  convincing.  Neither  Martyr  nor 
Benzoni,  who  were  Italians,  natives  of  the  same 
country,  and  the  former  of  whom  was  a  contem- 
porary, attribute  to  him  the  first  discovery  of  the 
continent.  ^lartyr  ])ul)lished  the  first  general 
history  of  the  new  world,  and  his  e])istles  contain 
an  account  of  :  11  the  remarkable  events  of  his 
time.  All  the  Spanish  historians  arc  against 
Amerigo.  Ilerrera  brings  against  him  the  testi- 
mony of  Ojeda  as  given  in  a  judicial  inquiry. 
Fonscca,  who  gave  Ojeda  the  license  for  his 
voyage,  was  not  reinstated  in  the  direction  of 
Indian  afi'airs  until  after  the  time,  which  Amerigo 
assigns  for  the  commencement  of  his  first  voyage. 
Other  circumstances  might  be  mentioned  j  and 
the  whole  mass  of  evidence  it  is  difficult  to  resist. 
The  book  of  Amerigo  was  probably  jiublished 
about  a  year  after  the  death  of  Columbus,  when 
his  pretensions  could  bo  advanced  without  the 
fear  of  refutation  from  that  illustrious  navigator. 
But  however  tliis  controversy  may  be  decided,  it 
is  well  known,  that  the  honor  of  first  discovering 
the  continent  belongs  neither  to  Columbus  nor 
to  Vespucci,  even  admitting  the  relation  of  the 
latter)  but  to  the  Cabots,  who  sailed  from 
England.  A  life  of  Vosjmcci  was  jiublishod  at 
Florence  by  Bandini,  174j,  in  which  an  attempt 
is  made  to  supj)ort  his  pretensions. 

The  relation  of  his  four  voyages,  wliich  was 
first  jiublished  about  the  year  1007,  was  re- 
jiublished  in  the  Novais  Orbis,  fol.  loo6.  His 
letters  were  published  alter  his  death  at  Florence. 
—  Mureri,  iJid.  Jlidoiiquc;  Kcw  ami  Gen. 
Bioij.  Did.;  Itubert.suii's  S.  Anieriva  I.  Xote  22 ; 
Iluliiicii'  Ainiiil.s,  I.  10;  Jlerreni,  I.  221;  Prince, 
Iidrod.  80-82;  li-viuijn  l.!iilnnibun,in.  App.  1). 

AMES,  N.vriLVXiEL,  a  physician,  died  at  Ded- 
ham,  Mass.,  in  17Gj,  aged  07.  lie  had  jniblishcd 
for  about  forty  years  an  almanac,  which  was  in 
high  reimtc.  His  taste  for  astronomy  he  actjuired 
from  his  father,  Nathaniel  Ames,  of  Bridgewater, 
who  died  in  1730,  and  who  was  not,  as  Dr.  Eliot 
suj)posed,  a  descendant  of  the  famous  William 
Ames.  He  married  two  wives,  each  of  the  name 
of  Fisher.    His  most  distinguished  son  bore  that 


AMES. 


31 


name.  His  son.  Dr.  Nathaniel  Ames,  a  graduate 
of  1701,  died  at  Dedliam  in  1822,  aged  82;  an- 
other son.  Dr.  Selh  Ames,  a  graduate  of  1701, 
settled  at  Amherst,  N.  11.,  iiut  removed  to  Ded- 
liam, wliei'e  be  died  in  I77().  His  widow,  who 
married  Mr.  Woodward,  died  in  1818,  aged  !)j. 
Mass.  Hist.  Coll.  X.  .S".  VII.  1 J4 ;  IHst.  Coll.  X. 
11.  II.  7!). 

AMES,  FisiiF-R,  LL.  D.,  a  distinguished  states- 
man and  eloquent  orator,  was  the  Kon  of  the  ])re- 
ceding,  and  was  born  at  Dedham  April  0,  17r;8. 
He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1774, 
and  after  a  few  years  commeiued  the  study  of  the 
law  in  Boston.  He  began  the  ])racticc  of  his  pro- 
fession in  his  native  village ;  but  his  expansive  mind 
could  not  be  confined  to  the  investigation  of  the 
law.  Ilising  into  life  about  the  period  of  the 
American  devolution,  and  taking  a  most  alTection- 
ate  interest  in  the  concerns  of  his  country,  he  felt 
himself  strongly  attracted  to  jiolitics.  His  re- 
searches into  the  sciences  of  government  were 
ext  i  iisive  and  profound,  and  he  began  to  be  known 
by  political  discussions,  published  in  the  iiews])a- 
pers.  A  theatre  soon  jiresented  for  the  display 
of  his  extraordinary  talents.  Ho  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  convention  of  his  native  state, 
which  considered  and  ratified  the  federal  consti- 
tution ;  and  his  sjieeches  in  this  convention  were 
indications  of  his  future  eminence.  The  sjilendor 
of  his  talents  bm-st  forth  at  once  upon  his  coim- 
try. 

When  the  general  government  of  the  United 
States  commenced  its  operations  in  1789,  he  ap- 
jiearcd  in  the  national  legislature  as  the  first  rep- 
resentative of  his  district,  and  for  eight  successive 
years  he  took  a  distinguished  jjart  in  the  national 
councils.  He  was  a  i)rincipal  siJCiJior  in  the  de- 
bates on  every  imjiortant  question.  Towards  the 
close  of  this  period  his  health  began  to  fail,  but 
his  indisi)osition  could  not  jirevcnt  him  from  en- 
gaging in  the  discussion  relating  to  the  appropri- 
ations necessary  for  carrying  into  efl'ect  the  British 
treaty.  Such  was  the  effect  of  l;is  sjieech  of 
April  28,  1790,  that  one  of  the  members  of  the 
legislature,  who  was  opjioscd  to  Mr.  Ames,  rose 
and  objected  to  taking  a  vote  at  that  time,  as  they 
had  been  carried  away  by  the  imiiulse  of  oratory. 
Afku'  his  return  to  liis  family,  frail  in  health  and 
fond  of  retirement,  he  remained  a  ])rivate  citizen. 
l''or  a  few  years  however  he  was  persuaded  to  be- 
come a  member  of  the  council.  But,  though  he 
continued  chiefly  in  retirement,  he  ojierated  fur 
around  him  by  his  wriiings  in  the  pulilic  papers. 
.\  few  years  before  his  death  he  was  chosen  pres- 
ident of  Harvard  college,  but  the  infirm  state  of 
his  health  induced  him  to  decline  the  appoint- 
ment. He  died  on  the  morning  of  July  4,  1808. 
His  wife,  Frances  Worthington,  was  the  daughter 
of  John  Worthington,  of  Springfield.  He  left 
seven  childi-cn  j  his  only  daughter  died  iu  1829. 


32 


AMKS. 


M|i!' 


Mr.  Ames  possesscrl  a  mind  of  n  prcat  and  cx- 
traorditiiiry  fluiraetcr.  Ho  reasoned,  Imt  he  did 
not  reason  in  the  form  of  loj,'ic.  Jiy  striking  allu- 
«ions,  more  than  hy  re;,'iilar  (hMhietions,  lie  com- 
jjelled  assent.  Tiie  richness  of  his  faney,  the 
fertility  of  his  invention,  and  the  ahnndancc  of 
his  thon;,'hts  were  as  reniark;ilile  as  the  justness 
and  strenf^th  of  his  iniderstnndin;,'.  His  political 
character  may  be  known  from  his  writinfjs,  and 
speeches,  and  measures.  lie  was  not  only  a  man 
of  distin^fuished  talents,  whose  jjuhlic  career  was 
splendid,  but  he  was  amiable  in  private  hfe  and 
endeared  to  his  acquaintance.  To  a  few  friends 
he  unveiled  himself  without  reserve.  They  found 
him  modest  and  umissumin^',  untainted  with  am- 
bition, sim])le  in  manners,  correct  in  morals,  and 
n  model  of  every  social  and  ])ers()nal  virtue.  The 
charms  of  his  conversatinn  were  uneciualled. 

lie  entertained  a  firm  belief  in  Christianity,  and 
his  belief  was  founded  ujjon  a  thorouf?h  investi- 
gation of  the  subject.  lie  read  most  of  the  best 
vvritiuf^s  ill  defence  of  the  Christian  religion,  but 
he  was  satisfied  by  a  view  rather  of  its  internal 
than  its  external  evidences.  He  thought  it  im- 
possilile,  that  any  man  of  a  fair  mind  could  read 
the  Old  Testament  and  meditate  on  its  contents 
without  a  conviction  of  its  truth  and  inspiration. 
The  sublime  aiid  correct  ideas,  which  the  Jewish 
scrijitures  convey  of  God,  connected  with  the  fact 
that  all  other  nations,  many  of  whom  were  sujie- 
rior  to  the  Jews  in  civilization  and  general  im- 
provement, remained  in  darkness  and  error  on 
this  great  subject,  formed  in  his  view  a  conclusive 
argument.  After  reading  the  book  of  Deuter- 
onomy he  expressed  his  astonishment,  that  any 
man  versed  in  antiquities  could  have  the  hardi- 
hood to  say,  that  it  was  the  production  of  human 
ingenuity.  Marks  of  Divinity,  he  said,  were 
stamped  upon  it.  His  views  of  the  doctrines  of 
religion  were  generally  Calvinistic.  An  enemy 
to  the  metajihysical  and  controversial  theology, 
he  disliked  the  use  of  technical  and  sectarian 
jihrases.  The  term  irinitij  however  he  frecpiently 
used  with  reverence,  and  in  a  manner,  which  im- 
])lied  his  belief  of  the  doctrine.  His  i)crsuasion 
of  the  dixinity  of  Christ  he  often  declared,  and 
his  belief  of  this  truth  seems  to  have  resulted 
from  a  particular  investigation  of  the  subject,  for 
he  remarked  to  a  friend,  that  he  once  read  the 
evangelists  with  the  sole  purpose  of  learning  what 
Christ  had  said  of  himself. 

He  was  an  admirer  of  the  common  translation 
of  the  Hible.  He  said  it  was  a  sjieeimen  of  pure 
Knglish;  and  though  he  acknowledged,  that  a 
few  jihrases  had  grown  obsolete,  and  that  a  few 
passages  might  be  obscurely  translated,  yet  he 
sliould  consider  the  ado])tion  of  any  new  translation 
as  an  incalculable  evil.  He  lamented  the  jirevail- 
ing  disuse  of  the  Uible  in  our  schools.  He  thought, 
that   children  should   early  be  made  acquainted 


AMES. 

I  with  the  important  tniths,  which  it  contains,  and 
he  considered  it  as  a  ])rinci])al  instrument  of  mak- 
ing them  acquainted  with  their  own  language  in 
its  purity.  He  said,  "  I  will  hazard  the  assertion, 
that  no  man  ever  did  or  ever  will  become  truly 
eloquent,  without  being  a  constant  reader  of  the 
Uible,  and  an  admirer  of  the  purity  and  sublim- 
ity of  its  language."  He  recommended  the  teach- 
j  ing  of  the  Assembly's  Catechism ;  not  iierhajis 
because  he  was  perfectly  satisfied  with  every  ex- 
pression, but  because,  as  he  remarked,  it  was  a 
good  thing  on  the  whole,  because  it  had  liecome 
venerable  by  age,  because  our  ])ious  ancestors 
taught  it  to  their  children  with  hapjiy  effect,  and 
because  he  was  oi)])osed  to  innovation,  unwilling 
to  leave  an  old,  exjierieneed  path  for  one  new 
and  uncertain.  On  the  same  ground  he  a])])roved 
the  use  of  AVatfs'  version  of  the  I'sahns  and 
Hymns.  No  uninspired  man,  in  his  judgment, 
had  succeeded  so  well  as  AA'atts  in  uniting  with  the 
sentiments  of  ])iety  the  embellishments  of  jioetry. 

Mr.  Ames  made  a  jiublic  profession  of  religion 
in  the  first  congregational  church  in  Dedham. 
With  this  church  he  regularly  communed,  till  pre- 
cluded by  indisj)osition  from  attending  public 
worship.  His  practice  corresponded  with  Ids 
jirofession.  His  life  was  regular  and  irreproacha- 
ble. Few.  who  have  been  placed  in  similar  cir- 
cumstances, have  been  less  contaminated  by  inter- 
course with  the  world.  It  is  doubted,  whether 
any  one  ever  heard  him  utter  an  expression  cal- 
culated to  excite  an  imjiious  or  impure  idea.  The 
most  scrutinizing  eye  discovered  in  him  no  dis- 
guise or  hyjiocrisy.  His  views  of  himself  however 
were  humble  and  abased.  He  was  often  observed 
to  shed  tears,  while  spealiing  of  his  closet  devo- 
tions and  experiences.  He  lamented  the  cold- 
ness of  his  heart  and  the  wanderings  of  his 
thoughts  while  addressing  his  Maker,  or  medi- 
tating on  the  precious  truths,  which  he  had  re- 
vealed. In  his  last  sickness,  when  near  his  end, 
and  when  he  had  just  expressed  his  belief  of  his 
approaching  dissolution,  he  exliibited  submission 
to  the  Di\ine  will  and  the  hope  of  the  Di\ine  fa- 
vor. "  I  have  peace  of  mind,"  said  he.  "  It  may 
arise  from  stupidity ;  but  I  think  it  is  founded  on 
a  belief  of  the  Gospel."  At  the  same  time  he 
disclaimed  every  idea  of  meriting  salvation.  "  My 
hope,"  said  he,  "  is  in  the  mercy  of  God,  through 
Jesus  Christ." 

Mr.  Ames'  sjiceeh  in  relation  to  the  British 
treaty,  which  was  delivered  April  28,  1796,  is  a 
fine  H]ieeimen  of  elocpience.  He  ])ublished  an 
oration  on  the  death  of  Washington  in  1800,  and 
he  wrote  much  for  llie  newsi)a])ers.  His  political 
writings  were  jiubllshed  in  1809,  in  one  volume, 
8vo.,  with  a  notice  of  his  life  and  character  by 
President  Kirkland.  —  I'anoplist,  Jidi/,  1800  j 
Deitcr's  Funeral  Eulogy ;  Marshall's  Washing- 
ton, V.  203 ;  Ames'  IVorhs. 


■■11* 


it 


AMES. 


ANDERSON. 


33 


AMl'.S,  Natiianikl,  hoii  of  Fisher  Ames,  died 
Jan.  IH,  1h:J');  author  of  marincr'n  Hkctchcs; 
nautical  reininisci'iicfs ;  and  old  Hailors'  yariiH. 

AMi;S,  N.  1'.,  died  at  CalH)tvillc  April  23, 
lH-17,  nfjed  44;  a  lar^e  manufacturer  of  firearms, 
and  a  man  of  Hound  judgment  and  iirnctica!  Hkill. 

AMlll'^ltST,  Jkukky,  lord,  commander-in- 
chief  of  the  JJritish  army  at  theconqueMtof  Canada 


])atcnt  of  jiecragc,  as  Baron  Amherst  of  Mont- 
real. In  January,  ITiW,  he  was  ajjain  a])jH)inted 
to  the  command  of  the  army  in  (ireat  llritain  ; 
but  in  170o  this  veteran  and  very  deservinj?  offi- 
cer was  superseded  by  his  royal  liif^hness,  the 
Duke  of  York,  the  second  son  of  the  kin)^,  who 
was  only  in  the  thirty-first  year  of  his  afje,  and 
had  never  seen  ony  actual  service.     'I'he  fjjovern- 


m  17(i(),  was  born  in  Kent,  Kuftland,  Jan.  2!),  ment  upon  this  occasion,  with  a  view  to  soothe  the 
1717.  1  lavintf  early  discovered  a  predilection  for  |  feelinf,'s  of  the  old  (general,  oHered  him  an  earldom 
the  military  life,  lie 'received  his  first  commission  ]  and  the  rank  of  field  marshal,  lioth  of  which  lie 
in  the  ormy  in  17.'J1,  and  was  aid-de-camp  to  at  that  time  rejected.  The  office  of  Held  marshal 
Gen.  I.iK^nier  in  1741,  in  -.vhicl)  character  he  was  however  he  accepted  in  July,  17!)().  He  died 
liresent  at  the  iiattles  of  Dettiiif^en,  Fontcnoy,  without  children  at  his  seat  in  Kent  Auf?ust  3, 
and  llocoux.  He  was  afterward  aid-de-cam])  to  '  17!)7,  aged  eif^hty  years.— ir«//,/)(.v,-  Holmes' 
his  royal  highness,  the  duke  of  Cumberland,  at !  ylH«f(Zs,  II. 'J26-246,  498  (  Ji«c.v/<«//,  I.  442-470; 
the  battle  of  Lotfeldt.     In  17.>H  lie  received  orders   Minol,  ii.  3«. 

to  return  to  I'^nglond,  bein^  ajjpointed  for  the  |  AMY,  a  slave,  died  at  Charleston  in  182«,  said 
American  service.  He  sailed  from  Fortsmouth  ,  to  he  aged  140,  and  that  she  came  to  C.  when 
March  Kith  as  major-general,  having  the  ccimniand  ,  there  were  but  six  small  buildings  there, 
of  the  troops  desthied  for  the  siege  of  Louisbourg.  I  ANDl'.USON,  lli'i'i-H,  mini.ster  of  Wenham, 
On  the  2(ith  of  July  following  he  captured  that .  Mass.,  was  born  in  Londonderry  March  5,  1705, 
jilace,  and  without  farther  dilHculty  took  entire  and  graduated  at  Dartmouth  college  in  1791.  In 
])ossession  of  the,  island  of  Va\\m  iJreton.  After  i  consecpicnce  of  a  religious  education  his  mind  was 
this  event  he  succeeded  Abercromljie  in  the  com-  j  early  imbued  with  the  trutlis  of  the  gosjiel.  lie 
mund  of  the  army  in  North  America.  In  1759;  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  second  church  in 
the  vast  design  of  the  entire  con(|ucst  of  Canada  ,  North  Yarmouth  Oct.  22, 1794.  After  a  ministry 
was  formed.  Three  armies  were  to  attack  at  of  ten  years  he  was  dismissed,  and  installed  July 
nearly  the  same  time  all  the  strongholds  of  the  j  10,  1805,  at  V.'enham,  where  he  died  Feb.,  1814. 
French  in  that  country.  They  were  commanded  Dr.  Worcester  has  described  his  excellent  charac- 
by  Wolfe,  Amherst,  and  I'rideaux.  Gen.  Am-  ter,  and  sjioken  of  his  useful  labors  and  peaceful 
herst  in  the  sjiring  transferred  his  head-quarters  [  death.  He  published  two  discourses  on  the  fast, 
from  New  York  to  Albany;  hut  it  was  not  till  ^  1802;  and  seven  letters  ogainst  the  close  com- 
the  22d  of  July,  that  he  r(!ached  Ticonderoga,  munion  of  the  Bajjtists,  1805.  —  Worcenter's  Fu- 
agalnst  which  ])lace  lie  was  to  act.  On  the  27th  neral  Sermon  ;  I'anoplLit,  X.  307. 
this  place  fell  into  his  hands,  the  enemy  having  ANDERSON,  Jame.s,  the  first  Presbyterian 
deserted  it.  He  next  took  Crown  Point,  and  j)ut  j  mhiister  in  the  city  of  New  Y'ork,  began  his 
his  troops  in  winter  quarters  about  the  kst  of  Oc- !  labors  in  Oct.,  1717.  He  was  born  in  Scotland  in 
tober.     In   the  year    1700  he  advanced   agahist ,  1078 ;  came  to  Philadelphia  in  1710,  and  became 


Canada,  embarking  on  lake  Ontario  and  proceed' 
ing  down  the  St.  Lawrence.  On  tlie  8th  of  Sep- 
tember M.  do  Vaudreuii  capitulated,  surrendering 
Montreal  and  all  other  places  within  the  govern- 
ment of  Canada. 

I  le  continued  in  the  command  in  America  till 
the  latter  end  of  1703,  whcli  he  returned  to  Eng- 
land. The  author  of  the  letters  of  Juflius  was 
his  friend,  and  in  Sept.,  1708,  wrote  in  his  favor. 
In  1771  he  was  made  governor  of  (luernsey,  and 
ill  1770  he  was  created  J laron  Amherst  of  Holms- 
dale  in  the  county  of  Kent.  In  1778  he  com- 
manded the  army  in  England.  At  this  ])eriod 
Lord  Sackville,  to  whom  the  letters  of  Junius 
liave  been  ascribed,  was  one  of  the  king's  minis- 
ters ;  and  he  hud  been  intimate  with  Amherst 
from  early  life.  In  1782  he  received  the  gold 
stick  from  the  king ;  but  on  the  change  of  the 
administration  the  command  of  the  army  and  the 
lieutenant-generalship  of  the  ordnance  were  put 
into  other  hands.    In  1787  he  received  another 


the  jjastor  of  Newcastle.  His  high  notions  of 
church  authority  occasioned  a  division  of  his 
church  in  N.  Y.  To  the  seceders  Jonathan 
Edwards  was  the  ])reaclier  for  some  months.  Mr. 
A.  accejjted  in  1727  a  call  to  Donegal,  in  Penn., 
and  was  succeeded  in  N.  Y'.  by  Mr.  I'ernberton. 

ANDERSON,  Jamks,  M.  D.,  an  eminent  jjhy- 
sician  of  Maryland,  died  at  his  seat  near  Chester- 
town  Dec.  8,  1820,  in  the  09th  year  of  his  age. 
He  studied  at  Pliiladelj)hia  and  at  I'xlinburgh. 
His  father  was  a  physician  from  Scotland.  Dr. 
.\ndersoii  was  learned  and  skilful,  and  highly 
respected  in  all  the  relations  of  life.  As  a  Chris- 
tian he  was  distinguished,  —  in  his  jieciJiar  views 
being  a  disciple  of  'Wesley.  With  exemplary 
patience  and  meekness  he  submitted  to  ])uhdul 
illness,  and  died  in  peace.  —  T/iac/tci''s  Mi:d. 
Bioi/raph;/. 

ANDERSON,  RiciiAiiU,  minister  of  the  United 
States  to  Colombia,  was  a  native  of  Kentucky,  and 
for  some  years  a  member  of  Congress.    Bemg 


34 


ANDJtK. 


1  !i'!!:i 


n])pointe(l  envoy  exfrannliniiry  to  the  iisscnibly 
of' Aincncnn  nntioiis  nl  I'mianin,  while  on  liis  way 
to  tlint  ))la(,T  he  (lied  at  ('arthaf,'eiiu  .Inly  L'l,  lNL'(i. 
On  hin  former  visit  to  C'olonihia  he  lost  his  exeel- 
lent  wife.  His  fallier,  JJiciiard  ('.  Anderson, died 
Nov.  0.  —  Mr.  Anderson  was  a  very  aniial)le  man, 
of  n  diseriminatin;,'  mind,  and  very  discreet  and 
conciliatorv  ns  a  jiolitician. 

ANDKK.SOX,  .(oiiN-  Wai.laci;,  M.  1).,  ])hysi- 
cian  to  the  colony  in  Liheriu,  was  the  son  of  Col. 
llichard  Anderson,  and  horn  in  1  Ia;,'erstown,  Mary- 
land, in  1S()2.  llis  medical  echication  was  at 
Philadelphia,  where  he  took  his  de-rrec  in  18L'H, 
and  afterwards  settled  as  a  ])hysician  at  Ilagcn;- 
town.  Here,  at  his  iiome,  amidst  all  the  liai)j)i- 
ncss  of  the  family  circle  and  of  relif,'ious  institu- 
tions, he  formed  the  jmrpose  of  devotinj;  his  life 
to  the  colonists  of  J.iberia.  He  hoped  to  hencfit 
them  by  his  medical  skill,  and  was  jiarticularly 
anxious  to  promote  tiic  cause  of  temperance  in 
Africa.  He  sailed  .Ian.  17,  18;J0,  and  arrived  at 
the  colony  Feb.  17.  ])r.  Mechlin,  the  agent,  now 
returning,  the  affairs  of  the  colony  were  commit- 
ted to  Dr.  Anderson ;  but  he  died  of  the  African 
fever  April  12,  aged  27  years.  In  his  illness  he 
was  resigned  and  joyful  in  the  ho])o  of  salvation. 
He  requested,  that  tlie  following  sentence  might 
be  inscribed  on  his  tombstone :  —  "  Jesus,  for  thee 
I  live,  for  thee  I  (\ic  y'  —  A/ric.  liepos.  VI.  189— 
191. 

ANDRE,  John,  aid-dc-camj)  to  Sir  Henry 
Clinton,  and  adjutant-general  of  the  British  army 
in  the  Itevolutionary  war,  was  born  in  England  in 
1749.  His  father  was  a  native  of  Geneva,  and  a 
considerable  merchant  in  the  Levant  trade ;  he 
died  in  17G9.  Young  Andre  was  destined  to 
mercantile  business,  and  attended  his  father's 
c  lunting-house,  after  having  si)cnt  some  years 
for  his  education  at  Geneva.  He  first  entered 
the  army  in  Jan.,  1771.  At  this  time  he  had  a 
strong  attachment  to  Honoria  Sneyd,  who  after- 
wards married  ^Ir.  Edgeworth.  In  1772  ho  vis- 
ited the  courts  of  Germany,  and  returned  to 
England  in  1773.  He  landed  at  I'hiladelphia  in 
Sept.,  1774,  as  lieutenant  of  the  lloyal  I'^nglish 
Fusileers ;  and  soon  proceeded,  by  way  of  Boston, 
to  Canada,  to  join  his  regiment.  In  1775  he  was 
taken  jjrisoner  by  Montgomery  at  St.  John's ; 
but  was  afterwards  exchanged,  and  aj)j)ointed 
captain.  In  the  summer  of  1777  he  was  ap- 
pointed aid  to  Gen.  Grey  and  was  present  at  the 
engagements  in  New  J(.'rsey  and  Pennsylvania  in 
1777  and  1778.  On  the  return  of  Gen.  Grey,  he 
was  ai)i)ointcd  aid  to  Gen.  Clinton.  In  1780  he 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  major,  and  made 
adjutant-general  of  the  British  army. 

After  Arnold  had  intimated  to  the  British  in 
1780  his  intention  of  delivering  up  West  Point  to 
them,  Maj.  Andre  was  selected  as  the  person,  to 
whom  the  maturing  of  Arnold's  treason  and  the 


AXDIIE. 

arrangements  for  its  execution  should  be  commit- 
ted.    A  eorres])ondence  was  for  some  time  car- 
ried on  between  them  under  a  mercantile  disguise 
and   the  feigned   names  of  (instavus  and  .\nder- 
son;  and  ul   length  to  facilitate  their  communica- 
tions iheVidture  sloop-of-war  moved  uj)  the  North 
river  and  took  a  station  eonvenient  for  the  j)ur- 
])ose,  but  not  so  near  as  to  excite  sus])icion.     An 
interview  was  agreed  on,  and  in  the  night  of  Se])- 
lenilier  21,  1780,  he  was  taken  in  a  boat,  which 
was  dispatched  for  the  ])uri)ose,  and  carried  to 
the  l)each,  without  the  posts  of  both  armies,  under 
a  pass  for  John  Anderson.     He  met  Gen.  Arnold 
I  at  the  house  of  a  Mr.  Smith.     While  the  confer- 
I  ence  was  yet  unfinished,   daylight  approached ; 
'  and  to  avoid  the  danger  of  discovery  it  was  jjro- 
1  posed,  that  he  should  remain  concealed  till  the 
'  succeeding  night.     Ho  is  imderstood  to  have  re- 
fused to  be  carried  within  the  American  posts,  but 
j  the  jjromise  made  him  by  Arnold  to  respect  this 
I  objection  was  not  observed.      He  was  carried 
I  within  them  contrary  to  his  wishes  and  against 
j  his  knowledge.     He  continued  with  Arnold  the 
:  succeeding  day,  and  when  on  the  following  night 
he  j)roj)osed  to  return  to  the  Vulture,  the  boat- 
man refused  to  carry  him,  because  she  had  dur- 
ing the  day  shifted  her  station,  in  consequence  of 
a  gun   having   been  moved  to  the   shore  and 
brought  to  bear  upon  her.    This   embarrassing 
circumstance  reduced  him  to  the  necessity  of  en- 
deavoring to  reach  New  York  by  land.     Yielding 
with  reluctance  to  the  urgent  representations  of 
Arnold,  he  laid  aside  his  regimentals,  which  lie 
had  hitherto  worn  under  a  surtout,  and  put  on  a 
])l;mi  suit  of  clothes;  and  receiving  a  ])ass  from 
the  American  general,  authorizing  him,  under  the 
feigned  name  of  John  Anderson,  to  proceed  on 
the  public  service  to  the  White  Plains,  or  lower  if 
he  thought  jiropcr,  he  set  out  on  his  return  in  the 
evening  of   the    22d,   accompanied    by   Joshua 
Smith,  and  passed  the  night  at  Crompond.    The 
next  morning  he  crossed  the  Hudson  to  King's 
ferry  on  the  east  side.     A  little  beyond  the  CrO- 
ton,  Smith,  deeming  him  safe,  bid  him  adieu.   He 
had  jiaHScd  all  the  gi;;n-ds  and  posts  on  the  road 
without  susjiicion,  anfl  was   proceeding  to  New 
York  in  perfect  security,  when,  September  23d, 
one  of  the  three  mihtia-men,  who  were  employed 
with  others  in  scouting  parties  between  the  lines 
of  the  two  armies,  springing  suddenly  from  his 
covert  into  the  road, seized  the  .eins  of  his  bridle 
and  stopped  his  horse.     Instead  of  producing  his 
pass,  Andre,  with  a  want  of  scU-possession,  which 
can   be  attributed  only  to   a  lund   Providence, 
asked  the  man  hastily  where  he  belonged,  and 
being  answered,  "  to  below,"  replied  immediately, 
"  and  so  do  I."    He  then  declared  himself  to  be 
a  British  officer,  on  urgent  business,' and  begged 
that  he  might  not  be  detained.    The  other  two 
militia  men  coming  up  at  tliis  moment,  he  discov- 


should  1)0  cnmmit- 
)!•  sonic  lime  ciir- 
Dcrcniitik'  ilisp;iiisc 
<tnviis  and  Andcr- 
'  llu'ir  comniiinicii- 
lovt'd  iij)  the  North 
lient  i'ur  the  \)m- 
ite  susjiic'ioii.     An 
the  iiifi;ht  of  .Sep- 
in  n  hoat,  which 
e,  and  carried  to 
)oth  nrniics,  under 
met  Gen.  Arnold 
While  the  confer- 
ight  approached; 
covery  it  was  pro- 
concealed  till  the 
•stood  to  have  rc- 
merican  posts,  hut 
)ld  to  resjjcct  this 
He   was  carried 
ishes  and  against 
with  Arnold  the 
le  following  night 
I'ulture,  tJie  hoat- 
luse  she  had  dur- 
in  consequence  of 
3  the   shore  and 
his   emharrassing 
e  necessity  of  en- 
y  land.     Yielding 
epresentations  of 
lentals,  which  he 
>ut,  and  put  on  a 
ing  a  j)ass  from 
ig  hin?,  under  the 
II,  to  proceed  on 
lains,  or  lower  if 
his  return  in  the 
nied    hy   Joshua 
Dromijond.    The 
[udson  to  King's 
beyond  the  Cro- 
liim  adieu.   He 
)osts  on  the  road 
•ceding  to  Xew 
September  23d, 
were  employed 
ctween  the  lines 
(Idenly  from  his 
ins  of  his  bridle 
)f  producing  his 
lossession,  which 
ind   I'rottdence, 
belonged,  and 
•d  immediately, 
.  himself  to  be 
ess,' and  begged 
The  other  two 
nent,  he  discov- 


AXDRE. 

ored  his  mistake ;  but  it  was  too  late  to  repair  it. ' 
lie  oit'i'i'cd  liii'in  his  purse  and  u  valuable  watch. 
Id  whicli  be  ad<l('d  the  most  tempting  promises 
of  nni|ilc  vcwanl  and  pcrniancnt  provision  from 
the  govcruTiu'iit,  if  they  would  permit  in'm  to 
oscajje  I  but  his  oH'ers  were  rijected  without  hesi- 
tation. 

The  militia-men,  whose  names  were  John  Paul- 
ding, David  Williams,  and  Isaac  Van  Wart,  ])ro- 
ceedcd  to  search  him.  'I'hey  found  concealed  in 
his  boots  exact  returns,  in  Arnold's  handwTiting, 
of  the  state  of  the  forces,  ordnance,  and  defences 
at  West  I'oint  and  its  deiiendencies,  critical  re- 
marks on  the  works,  and  an  estimate  of  the  men 
ordinarily  employed  in  them,  with  other  interest- 
ing i)a])ers.  Andre  was  carried  before  Lieut. -Col. 
Jameson,  the  officer  commanding  the  scouting 
parties  on  the  lines,  and  regardless  of  himself  and 
only  anxious  for  the  safety  of  Arnold,  he  still 
maintained  the  character,  which  ho  had  assumed, 
and  retpiested  Jameson  to  inform  his  commanding 
officer,  that  Anderson  was  taken.  A  letter  was 
accordingly  sent  to  Arnold,  and  the  traitor,  thus 
becoming  acquainted  with  his  danger,  escaped. 
The  narrative  of  the  bearer  of  this  letter,  Solomon 
Allen,  is  given  in  the  sketch  of  his  life  :  it  differs 
in  several  res])ects  from  the  account  of  the  afl'air 
in  the  ]'"ncycIo])!rdia  Americana,  and  throws  light 
ujion  circumstances,  which  have  been  heretofore 
obscure. 

A  board  of  general  officers,  of  which  Maj. 
Gen.  Greene  was  jiresident,  and  the  two  foreign 
generals,  Lafayette  and  Steuben,  were  members, 
was  called  to  rejjort  a  ])recise  state  of  the  case  of 
Andre,  who  had  acknowledged  himself  Adjutant- 
General  of  the  liritish  army,  and  to  determine  in 
what  character  he  was  to  be  considered,  and  to 
what  ])unishment  he  was  liable.  He  received 
from  the  board  every  mark  of  indulgent  atten- 
tion;  and  from  a  sense  of  justice,  as  well  as  of 
delicacy,  he  was  informed  on  the  first  opening  of 
the  examination,  that  he  was  at  perfect  liberty 
not  to  answer  any  interrogatory,  which  might  em- 
barrass his  own  feelings.  But  he  disdained  every 
evasion,  and  frankly  acknowledged  every  thing, 
which  was  material  to  his  condemnation.  The 
board,  which  met  Sept.  29th,  did  not  examine  a 
single  witness,  Init,  founding  their  rej)ort  entirely 
upon  his  own  confession,  reported  that  he  came 
within  the  description  of  a  spy  and  ought  to  suf- 
fer death.  The  execution  of  this  sentence  was 
ordered  on  the  day  succeeding  that  on  which  it 
was  rendered. 

The  greatest  exertions  were  made  by  Sir  Henry 
Clinton,  to  whom  Andre  was  particularly  dear,  to 
rescue  him  from  his  fate.  It  was  first  represented, 
that  lie  came  on  shore  under  the  sanction  of  a 
flag ;  but  Washington  returned  an  answer  to 
Clinton,  in  which  he  stated,  that  Andre  had  him- 
self disclaimed  the  pretext.    An  interview  was 


ANDRE. 


as 


next  jiroposed  between  Lieut.-Gen.  Rolirrtsnn 
and  Gen.  Greene  ;  b\it  no  facts,  which  bad  not 
l)efore  been  coi\sidcred,  were  made  known.  When 
every  other  exertion  failed,  a  letter  from  Arnold, 
filled  with  threats,  was  presented. 

Andre  was  dee])ly  alfected  by  the  mode  of 
dying,  which  the  laws  of  war  liad  decreed  to  per- 
sons in  bis  situati(m.  He  wished  to  die  as  a  sol- 
dier, and  not  as  a  criminal.  To  obtain  a  mitigation 
of  his  sentence  in  this  respect  he  addressed  a  let- 
ter to  Gen.  Washington,  replete  with  all  the  feel- 
ings of  a  man  of  sentiment  and  honor.  Tl'.e 
commander-in-chief  considted  his  officers  on  the 
subject ;  but  as  Andre  umpiestionably  came  under 
the  description  of  a  spy,  it  was  thought,  that  the 
public  good  required  his  ])unishment  to  be  in  the 
usual  way.  The  decision,  however,  from  tender- 
ness to  Andre,  was  not  divulged.  Ho  encoun- 
tered his  fate,  Oct.  2d,  at  Tapj)an,  with  a  com])o- 
surc  and  fortitude,  which  excited  tlie  admiration 
and  interested  the  feelings  of  all  who  were  jiros- 
ent.  He  exhibited  some  emotion,  when  he  first 
beheld  the  prejjarations  at  tlic  fatal  sj)ot,  and  in- 
quired, "  must  I  die  in  this  manner  ?  "  He  soon 
afterwards  added,  "it  will  be  but  a  momentary 
pang  ; "  and  being  asked,  if  he  had  any  reque^-t 
to  make  before  he  left  the  Avorld,  he  answered, 
"  none  but  that  you  will  witncs;  to  the  world,  that 
I  die  like  a  bravo  man."  While  one  weejis  at  the 
ignominious  death  of  a  man  so  much  esteemed 
and  belovedj  it  would  have  giv  m  some  relief  to 
the  pained  mind,  if  he  had  died  more  like  a 
Christian  and  less  like  a  soldier.  The  symjjathy, 
excited  among  the  American  officers  by  his  fate, 
was  as  universal,  as  it  is  unusual  on  such  occa- 
sions ;  and  proclaims  the  merit  of  him,  who  suf- 
fered, and  the  humanity  of  those,  who  inflicted 
the  punishment.  In  1821  the  bones  of  Andre 
were  dug  up  and  carried  to  his  native  land  by 
royal  mandate.  Major  Andre  wrote  the  Cow 
Chase,  in  three  cantos,  1781.  This  jioem  wa:! 
originally  pubhshed  in  l{i\^ington's  Itoyal  Gazette, 
New  York,  in  the  morning  of  the  day,  on  which 
Andre  was  taken  prisoner.  The  last  stanza,  in- 
tended to  ridicule  Gen.  Wayne  for  his  failure  in 
an  attempt  to  collect  cattle  for  the  army,  is  this : 

"  And  now  I've  olosed  my  epic  strain, 
I  tremble,  lis  I  show  it, 
Lest  tUis  same  Wiirrior-Drover,  Wayne, 
Should  ever  ratch  thf  Poet .' " 

He  wrote  also  letters  to  Miss  Seward,  New 
York,  1772.  Miss  Seward  wrote  a  monody  on 
Andre,  in  which  she  predicted,  that  Washington 
would  die  miserably  for  executing  the  spy.  — 
Annval  Ilegiiiterfor  1781,  89-4(5;  Marshall,  iv. 
277-286;  Gordon,  III.  481-490;  Stcdmaii,  ii. 
249-253  ;  liamsmj,  II.  190-201 ;  Political  Maf/. 
II.  171 ;  Amer.  Bememh.  1781, 1.,  p.  101 ;  Smilh's 
Narrative ;  Thacher'a  Military  Journal. 


3G 


ANDREWS. 


AXDROS. 


^1    i 


AXDUFAV,  Samifx,  the  kwoikI  rcofor  of  |  AXDREWS,  KitHNrainiT.,  mi  extensive  printer, 
Yale  collfffc,  was  till' Hon  of  Samuel  .Viiilrew,  of  'died  in  Itostoii  Oet.  !»,  IH,")I,  n;,'e(l  (+1.  lie  was 
Caniliridfje,  Mass.,  horn  l(i.i(>,  ffniduated  KiT.J,  I  of  the  firm  of 'I'liomns  \:  Andrews, 
and  ordained  the  minister  of  Millbnl,  Conn..  AXDJtKWS,  As.v,  the  snr\ivor  of.all  the  prc- 
Xov.  IH.  KIM.j.  Ilcin;;  ap|)oinled,  after  tlie  death  !  eedin;,'  firadnafes  of  Harvard,  (lied  at  Ipswich 
of  Mr.  I'ierson,  tenipoiarv  rector  of  the  colle^fe  in  Jan.  hi,  IS.VJ,  a>;ed  !).'J.  Jle  was  horn  in  Itoylston ; 
1707,  he  ollitiated  till    171!),  occasionally  repair- j  his  mother,  whose  name  was   Itradstreet,  was  ii 


inj{  to  the  collei,'e  at  Sayhrook  and  Xew  Haven 
hut  residing;  at  Milford.  lie  died  Jan.  21,  17;J.S, 
aged  K2,  le,i\inf,'  an  excellent  re]>utation.  His 
])redecessors  in  the  ministry  wer(.'  I'rudden  and 
Xewton  ;  Whittlesey  succeeded  him. 

AXI)KI''.WS,  RoiiKUT,  professor  of  mathematics 
in  AVilliam  and  Mary  college,  Virginia,  died  in 
Jan.,  1S()4,  at  Williamshurg.  In  1779  he  was  n 
commissi(mer  with  Dr.  Madison  to  settle  the 
hoimdary  line  with  I'ennsylvania,  —  IJryan,  lowing, 
and  Rittenhouse  heing  the  comnn'ssioners  of  I'enn. 
The  talents  of  Mr.  Andrews  were  actively  em- 
jiloyed  and  regulated  hy  reas(m  and  religion. 
Ilis  wife  and  children  were  taught  hy  him  tliosc 
divine  i)rinci])les,  which  hear  the  afflicted  ahovc 
the  evils  of  life. 

AXDRi:W.S,  Joil.V,  D.  ]).,  jirovost  of  the 
university  of  I'enn.,  was  horn  in  CVcil  county, 
Md.,  Ajiril  1,  17-1(!,  and  educated  at  Philadelphia. 
After  receiving  Episcoj)al  ordination  in  liondon 
Fet).,  1707,  he  was  three  years  a  missionary  at 
Lewiston,  ^Id.,  and  then  a  missionary  at  York- 
town,  and  a  rector  in  Queen  Ann's  county,  Md. 
Not  partaking  of  the  jjatriotic  spirit  of  the  times, 
ho  was  induced  to  quit  Maryland  for"  many  years. 
In  1785  he  wa.s  j)laced  at  the  head  of  the  Episco- 
])al  academy  in  I'hiladeljjhia,  and  in  1789  ap- 
])ointed  professor  of  moral  j)hilosoj)hy  in  the 
college.  In  1810  he  succeeded  Dr.  M'Dowell  as 
provost.  He  died  March  29,  1813,  aged  07.  As 
a  scholar  he  was  very  distinguished,  lie  puhlishcd 
a  sermon  on  the  parahlc  of  the  unjust  steward, 
1789;  and  elements  of  logic. 

ANDREWS,  LORIXG,  a  distinguished  editor, 
died  at  Charleston  Oct.  19,  1805.  He  was  the 
brother  of  Rev.  John  Andrews,  of  Newhuryport. 
He  first  jjublished,  in  Boston,  the  Herald  of 
Freedom ;  then,  at  Stockbridge,  the  Western  Star ; 
and  in  1803  he  established  the  Charleston  Courier, 
a  political  i)aj)er  of  high  reputation. 

AXDREWS,  Joiix,  D.  D.,  died  in  Newhury- 
port in  Aug.,  1845,  aged  81.  A  graduate  of  1780, 
he  was  settled  as  a  colleague  with  Mr.  Cary  in 
1788.  lie  jjublished  a  thanksgiving  sermon, 
1795;  at  a  dedication,  1801 ;  on  the  death  of  T. 
Cary,  1808;  before  a  humane  society,  1812. 

ANDREAVS,  rAiiXELLY,  wife  of  Dr.  S.  L. 
Andrews,  missionary  at  the  Sandwich  Islands, 
died  at  Kailua  Sept.  29,  1840,  aged  39.  Her 
name  was  Pierce,  of  Woodbury,  Conn.  She  em- 
barked in  1830. 

ANDREWS,  Jo.vxxA,  Mrs.,  died  at  Gloucester 
Jan.  20,  1847,  aged  102. 


descendant  of  (iov.  U.  He  graduated  in  1783, 
and  studied  law  with  C.  Strong,  Xorthamjjton. 
From  1790  to  1829  he  was  collector  of  the  ])ort 
of  I])swich.  He  was  a  man  of  ability,  highly 
resjiccted. 

AXDROS,  Et)MfM),  governor  of  Xew  England, 
had  some  command  in  Xew  York  in  l(i72,  and  in 
1074  was  aj)p()inted  governor  of  that  ])rovinee. 
He  continued  in  this  otticf;  till  1082,  exhibiting  in 
this  govennnent  but  little  of  that  tyranm'eal  dis- 
position, which  he  afterwards  displayed.  Ik- 
arrived  at  Roston  Dec.  20,  1080,  with  a  commis- 
sion from  King  James  for  the  government  of 
Xew  I'^ngland.  He  nuule  high  jjrofessions  of 
regard  to  the  ])ubh'c  good,  directed  the  judges  to 
administer  justice  according  to  the  custom  of  the 
])lace,  ordered  the  established  rules  with  resjject 
to  rates  and  taxes  to  be  observed,  and  declared, 
that  all  the  colony  laws,  not  inconsistent  with  his 
commission,  should  remain  in  full  force.  By 
these  jirofessions  he  calmed  the  apjjrehensions, 
which  had  agitated  the  minds  of  many ;  but  it 
was  not  long  before  the  monster  stood  forth  in 
his  i)roper  shaj)e. 

His  administration  was  most  oj)])ressive  and 
tyrannical.  The  ])ress  was  restrained,  exorbitant 
taxes  were  lened,  luid  the  Congregational  minis- 
ters were  threatened  to  be  dej)rived  of  their  suj)- 
port  for  nonconformity.  Sir  Edmund,  knowing 
that  his  royal  master  was  making  great  ijrogress 
towards  despotism  in  England,  was  very 
willing  to  keep  equal  i)ace  in  his  less  important 
govennnent.  It  was  pretended,  that  all  titles  to 
land  were  destroyed;  and  the  farmers  were 
obliged  to  take  new  patents,  for  which  they  ])aid 
large  fees.  He  i)rohibited  marriage,  unless  the 
parties  entered  into  bonds  with  sureties  to  be 
forfeited  in  case  there  should  afterwards  ajjpear 
to  have  been  any  lawful  impediment.  There  was 
at  this  time  but  one  Episcoj)al  clergvinan  in  tlie 
eomitry ;  but  Andres  wrote  to  the  bishop  of  Lon- 
don, intimating,  for  the  encouragement  of  those 
who  might  be  persuaded  to  come  to  this  country, 
that  in  future  no  marriage  should  be  deemed 
lawful,  unless  celebrated  by  ministers  of  the 
church  of  England.  With  four  or  five  of  his 
council  he  laid  what  taxes  he  thought  proper. 
The  fees  of  office  were  raised  to  a  most  exorbitant 
height.  In  Oct.,  1087,  he  went  with  troops  to 
Hartford,  and  demanded  the  surrender  of  the 
charter  of  Connecticut,  which  was  placed  in  the 
evening  upon  the  table  of  the  Assembly,  but 
instantly  the  lights  were  extinguished,  and  the 


■§>\ 


ANDIIOS. 


ANDms. 


37 


rhnrtpr  dlsnpppnrcd,  Imviii^'  liccn  rarricil  off  liy  | 
Ciiiit.  \\'a(l^«'irtli  mid  scciTlcd  in  a  IkpIIdw  oak, 
near  tlic  Iidum'  of  Saiiiiicl  \\'y'l_vs.  J 

111  the  siiriiif;  of  Kiss  Andros  piiicccdtMl  in  the  j 
lloNf  frifjate  to  I'l'iioliscot  niid  ])liiii(li'rt'(l  the  | 
liousc  and  fort  of  Castine,  and  lliiis  liy  his  liaso 
rapacity  excited  mi  Indian  war.  In  Xoveiiitier  lie 
niarclied  iii;ainst  tlie  eastern  Indians  at  tlie  head 
of  seven  or  eijjht  iiundred  iiieii ;  l)ut  not  an 
Indian  was  seen.  They  had  retired  to  llie  woods 
for  liimtinfj.  lie  Iniilt  two  frn'ts.one  at  Sheeiiscot, 
tlio  other  at  Veffyjiscot  Falls  or  lirnnswick,  and 
left  fiarrisons  in  them.  If  the  old  name  of 
Aniarasco;ff,'in,  on  which  river  he  huilt  l'ej;yj)SC'ot 
Tort,  received  at  this  time,  in  honor  of  him,  the 
name  of  Aniho.viiijijin,  he  was  not  worthy  of 
such  remcmhrance.  The  nneient  name  is  to  he 
preferred. 

At  leiifjth  the  capricions  and  arliitrary  proceed- 
ings of  Andro.s  roused  the  determined  spirit  of 
the  ])eople, 

llavinf.'  soupiht  in  the  wilds  of  America  the 
Nccnre  enjoyment  of  that  civil  and  reli};ioiis 
liherty,  of  which  they  had  been  unjustly  dejirived 
in  Kngland,  they  were  not  disposed  to  sec  their 
dearest  rights  wrested  from  them  without  n 
struggle  to  retain  them.  Animated  with  the  love 
of  liherty,  they  were  also  resolute  and  courageous 
in  its  defence.  They  had  for  several  years 
suffered  the  imi)ositions  of  a  tyrannical  adminis- 
tration, and  the  dissatisfaction  and  indignatiim, 
which  had  been  gathering  during  this  jieriod, 
were  blown  into  a  flame  by  the  report  of  an 
intended  massacre  by  the  governor's  guards.  On 
the  morning  of  April  IS,  1089,  the  inhabitants  of 
Boston  took  uj)  arms,  the  peojile  ])oured  in  from 
the  counfry,  and  the  governor,  with  such  of  the 
coimcil  as  had  been  most  active,  and  other 
obnoxious  j)ersons,  about  fifty  in  number,  were 
seized  and  confined.  The  old  magistrates  were 
restored,  and  the  ne.xt  month  the  joyftd  news  of 
the  llevolution  in  England  reached  this  country, 
and  quieted  all  ajjiirehension  of  the  consequences 
of  what  had  been  done.  After  ha«ng  been  kept 
at  the  castle  till  February  following,  Andros  was 
sent  to  England  for  trial.  The  General  Court 
about  the  same  time  despatched  a  committee  of 
several  gentlemen  to  su1)stantiatc  the  charges 
against  him. 

The  government  was  reduced  to  a  most  per- 
jjlexing  dilemma.  If  they  condemned  Andros' 
administration,  the  sentence  might  be  drawn  into 
a  i)recedent,  and  they  might  seem  to  encourage 
insurrection  and  rebellion  in  future  jioriods,  when 
circumstances  did  not  render  so  des])erate  an  ex- 
jiedient  necessary.  On  the  other  hand,  if  they 
should  apjirove  of  the  administration  of  Andros 
and  censure  the  jiroceedings  of  the  colonists,  it 
would  imjily  a  reprobation  of  the  very  measure, 
which  had  been  pursued  in  bringing  about  the 


Tlevolntion  in  I'.nglatid.  It  was  therefore  deemed 
pruileiit  t(i  dismiss  the  business  wilimut  eoiiiiiig  to 
a  linal  decision,  'i'he  people  were  aci  ordiiiglv 
left  to  the  full  eiijoxiiieiit  of  their  freedom  ;  and 
Andros,  in  imtilic  estimation  guilty,  escaped  with- 
out censure. 

In  l(i!*2  he  was  appointed  the  governor  of 
Virginia,  in  which  ofHee  his  conduct  was  for  the 
most  ]inrt  ])rii{lent  and  tiiiimpeaelu d.  lie  was 
succeeded  liy  Nicholson  in  KIDS.  He  died  in 
London  Feb.  -1,  1711,  at  a  very  advanced  age. 
His  narrative  of  his  jiroceedings  in  New  I'jigland 
was  ])ublishcd  in  l(i!M,  and  re[)ulilished  in  1"7;{. 
—  IIiilrhiiiHov ,  /)iiiii//ii:..i,  ri.  ^47,  27'_',  .'{(iO; 
/A,//;«'.v,   I.   4L'1,    I'.'.;;    ltrU;i,„i,,   I.   L'14;   Kliot ; 

AXDllOS,  TiKiMAS,  minister  of  ISerkley,  was 
born  in  Norwich,  Conn.,  May  1,  17.')!),  the  son  of 
a  merchant.  His  widowed  mother  removed  to 
I'lainfield,  where  her  frierds  resided.  At  the  age 
of  sixteen  he  joined  the  army  as  a  soldier  at 
Cambridge  in  177.5.  Afterwards  he  was  in  the 
battles  of  Long  Island  and  White  I'lains,  and 
served  elsewhere .  In  1 7S1  he  enlisted  in  a  private 
armed  vessel  at  New  London  j  but,  cajjtured  in  a 
])ri/e  vessel,  he  was  thrown  into  ])rison  in  the  old 
Jersey  ])ris()n-shi])  at  New  York,  in  which,  it  is 
said,  eleven  thousand  died.  In  a  few  months  ho, 
by  a  remarkable  I'rovidence,  escajicd ;  and  his 
lost  health  was  restored.  1  laving  studied  theology 
with  Dr.  Benedict  of  I'lahifield,  he  was  ordained 
at  Berkley  March  19.  17N,S,  on  a  salary  of  80 
pounds.  He  was  dismissed  at  his  request  June 
15,  1834,  having  labored  with  his  ])eo])le  forty- 
six  years.  His  last  sermon  he  ])reached  October 
5,  1845,  walking  two  miles  to  church,  and  speaking 
with  animation  and  I'orce.  He  died  of  apo- 
plexy Dee.  30,  1845,  aged  80.  His  first  wife 
was  Abigail  Cutter,  of  Killingly;  his  second, 
Soiihiii  Sanibrd,  of  Berkley,  in  1799.  His  son, 
11.  S.  S.  Andros,  wrote  an  account  of  him  for 
Emerj's  Mini.stry  of  Taunton. 

He  published  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  J. 
Crane,  1795;  of  Mrs.  Andros,  1798  j  at  thanks- 
gi\ing,  1808  and  1812;  on  restraining  prayer; 
Bible  news,  &c.,  against  N.  Worcester's  book, 
1813;  on  human  creeds,  1814;  at  the  ordination 
of  B.  Whittemore,  1815;  against  philoso])hical 
mixtures,  1819;  an  essay  against  a  positive 
efficiency  in  the  production  of  sin,  1820;  six  dis- 
courses; on  the  death  of  S.  Tobey,  1823;  a  ser- 
mon indicating  the  temperance  society,  1830 ;  a 
narrative  of  his  imjirisonment  and  escape  from 
the  Jersey  ])rison-shi]i. 

AXDIIUS,  JosKi'ii  It.,  agent  of  the  colonization 
society,  was  graduated  at  ^liddlebury  college  in 
1812,  and  after  studying  theology  at  New  Haven 
and  Andover,  and  also  under  Bishoj)  Griswold  at 
Bristol,  K.  I.,  received  Episcopal  ordination.  It 
had  been  for  years  his  purpose  to  devote  himself 


88 


ANOE. 


'M 


to  promote  the  wclfiirc  of  tlio  dc^jnidt'd  nnd 
opprcNst'd  race  of  Al'iiciiiis.  Ilciiij,' iippoinlcd  llic 
nfji'iit  of  till'  colonizution  Kocicty,  he  suilcd  curly 
ill  IH21,  1111(1  iiroccrilcd,  willi  his  iissociulc, 
J'.pliraini  Ilacoii,  in  April  from  Sirrra  I.i'oiio  to 
tliL'  UaNsa  coiiiitry  to  iicf^otiatc  with  Kin;;  lien  for 
a  |)lucf  of  i'dtlt'iiu'iit.  It  was  well  for  tlif  ])ro- 
poHud  colony,  tlint  the  attempt  was  imsucTi'SHfiil, 
for  n  more  lii'alllifnl  and  idi^filili'  territory  was 
afterwards  |)iii(liaN<'d  hy  l>r.  Ayres  at  Montserado. 
Mr.  AiidniM  died  at  Sierra  l,eone.  and  was 
buried  July  ^!),  INlil.  He  was  the  friend  of 
Carlos  Wilcox,  nnd  liy  him  honored  in  his  lines, 
"The  (iroup  of  Stars." — /'niiniilisl,  XVIII. ;  L'j, 
40(t;   ISrmiiiiis  of  W'ilrnx,  00. 

AXGK,  FitANCls,  n  jilantcr  of  Pennsylvania, 
died  in  17()7,  n^'ed  VM  years.  He  renieinhered 
the  death  of  Charles  I  ;  at  the  a^v  of  YM)  was  in 
good  health ;  and  ai  the  time  of  his  death  his 
memory  was  strong',  his  faculties  jicrfect.  lie 
had  lived  on  simple  food.  His  residence  wao 
between  Broad  creek  and  the  head  of  "Wicomoco 
i-iver.  —  Man.  of  IJiduvkal  Socicli/,  I'hi/ad.,  I. 
a20. 

AXGIEU,  Samikl,  minister  of  llehoboth,  died 
in  1710,  aged  about  fiO.  He  wa.s  a  graduate  of 
1673,  in  n  class  of  four,  of  whom  one  was  John 
■\Visc.  He  was  ordained  in  May,  1()70,  and  dis- 
missed in  IGOIJ;  after  which  ho  was  the  jinstor  of 
"VVatertown,  yet  living  at  Camliridge,  where  his 
house  was  burnt,  with  the  records  of  Kehoboth. 
His  motlier  was  the  daughter  of  the  famous  Wm. 
Ames :  his  wife  was  the  only  child  of  President 
Oakes,  and  he  had  by  her  fifteen  children. 

AXGLIN,  HicxuY,  a  soldier  of  the  licvolution- 
ary  army  in  North  C'arolina,  died  at  Athens  in 
Georgia  in  18ij,'{,  aged  105. 

ANTES,  John,  a  Moravian  missionary,  was 
born  March  4,  1740,  and  sent  from  America  to 
Herrnluit  in  Germany  in  1704.  In  17G9  he  jiro- 
ceeded  to  Cairo  on  a  proposed  mission  to  Abys- 
sinia; but  meeting  Mr.  Bruce,  he  was  induced  to 
abandon  the  undertaking.  He  returned  to  Ger- 
many in  1781 ;  and  in  1808  visited  I'Inglnnd,  and 
died  at  Bristol  ])cc.  17,  1811.  He  published  a 
re])ly  to  Lord  Valencia,  vindicating  Bruce's  ve- 
racity j  observations  on  the  manners  of  the  Egyj)- 
tians ;  and  wrote  a  memoir  of  his  own  life. 

ANTHONY,  SisANXA,  an  eminently  pious 
woman  of  Ithode  Island,  was  born  in  1720,  and 
died  at  Newjiort  June  23,  1791,  aged  04  years. 
Her  ])arents  were  Quakers.  Dr.  liojikins  pub- 
lislied  the  memoirs  of  her  life,  consisting  chiefly 
of  extracts  from  her  writings,  of  which  tliere  was 
a  second  edition  in  1810.  She  devoted  herself 
cliieflv  to  ])raver. 

APl'LETON,  Xatiiaxiki,,  11.  1).,  minister  of 
Cambridge,  was  born  at  Ijiswich  Dec.  !),  IGO.'J. 
His  father  was  John  Ajjijleton,  one  of  the  king's 
council  and  for  twenty  years  judge  of  probate 


'iridge,  and   was   ordained 
Ills   occasion    Dr.   Increase 


APn.ETOX. 

'  in   flip   county  of  Essex,   nnd    his   mother  was 
the   eldest   daughter   of   President    Ilogers.     He 
was    graduated    at    Harvard    college   in     1712. 
.Vlh'r  eonipleliiig   his    ediieatii)ii,  an   opportunity 
]ireseiite(l  of  entering  into   coinniei'iiil   business 
on   very  advantageous    terms   with    an    uncle    in 
^  Boston,    who    was   an    o|iiileiit    luerehant )    but 
ho  resolved  to  forego  every  worldly  advantage, 
that    ho    might    promote    the    interest    of   the 
j  Itedeeiner's  kingdom.     Soon  alter  he  began   to 
•  jireaeh,  ho  was  iiivilcd  to  succeed   Mr.  Brattle  in 
i  the   ministrv   at   Cn 
lOct.  0,   1717.      On 
Mather  preached  the  sermon  and  gave  the  charge, 
and   Dr.  Cotton  Mather  gave  the  right  hand  of 
fellowship.     He   was   the   same    year  elected   a 
]  follow  of  Harvard  college,  which  office  lie  sus- 
tained above  sixty  years,  faithfully  consulting  and 
essentially  promoting  the  interests  of  the  insti- 
tution.    In  1771  the  university  conferred  on  him 
the  degree  of  doctor  of  divinity,  an  honor,  which 
fiad   been   conferred   ujion  Init   one   ])erson,  In- 
crease Mather,  about  eighty  years  before.     De- 
grees have  since  become  more  frequent  and  less 
honorable.     The  usefulness  of  Dr.  Ajijileton  was 
diminished  for  a  few  of  his  last  years  through  the 
infirmities  of  nge,  but  did  not  entirely  cease  ex- 
cept with  his  life.     Ho  received  Mr.  Hilliard  as 
his  colleague  in  178U.     After  a  ministry  of  more 
than  sixty-six  years,  he  died  Feb.  i),  1784,  in  the 
91st  year  of  his  age.    This  cou'  *ry  can  furnish 
few  instances  of  more  useful   talu -.ts,  and  more 
exemiilary  piety,  exhibited  for  so  long  a  time  and 
with  such  groat  success.     During  his  ministry  two 
thousand  one  hundred  and  thirty-eight  jiersons 
wore  bajitized,  and  seven  hundred  and  eighty-four 
admitted  members  of  the  church. 

Dr.  Ajipleton  was  as  venerable  for  his  piety  as 
for  his  years.  His  whole  character  was  jiatri- 
nrehal.  In  his  dress,  in  his  manners,  in  his  con- 
versation, in  his  ministry  he  resembled  the  Pu- 
ritan ministers,  who  first  settled  X<!w  England. 
He  lived  from  the  close  of  one  century  to  near 
the  close  of  another,  and  he  brought  down  with 
him  the  habits  of  former  times.  His  natural 
temper  was  cheerful,  but  his  habitual  deportment 
was  grave.  Early  consecrated  to  God,  and  hav- 
ing a  fixed  predilection  for  the  ministry,  by  the 
union  of  good  sense  with  deep  seriousness,  of 
enlightened  zeal  with  consummate  jirudence,  he 
was  hajijiily  fitted  for  the  jjastoral  office. 

He  jn'oachcd  with  groat  plainness  and  with 
primitive  sirr-;'".^ity.  In  order  to  accommodate 
his  discourses  to  the  meanest  capacity,  he  fre- 
quently borrowed  similitudes  from  familiar,  some- 
times from  vulgar  objects  ;  but  his  ap])lication  of 
them  was  so  pertinent  and  his  utterance  so  sol- 
emn, as  to  supjjress  levity  and  silence  criticism. 
Deejily  sensible  of  the  fallen  state  of  man,  he  ad- 
mired the  wisdom,  holiness,  and  mercy,  which  are 


Al'l'M/roN. 


API'LKTON. 


39 


(liHiiIavcd  in  tin-  iilaii  of  rrclctniition  tllr()ll^,'ll  ii   James  Swan  luid  otlirrs,  n^;iiiiist  tin-  nIuvl' triulu 

.     '  •  .,  .  !•  .  .1.  .1 1 1'      1.:  I     .1.......      ('- ITl!/!     I..      l--i. 


L'liPiimi.s  S;i\i'mr.  I'rotii  the  iilmiidiuici'  of  his 
licait.  lilird  willi  iIh'  love  of  (iixl.  lie  K\n\\<v  «illi 
KiK'li  tiTvor,  as  was  tilled  to  iiis|)ire  liis  liearers 
wilh  piDiis  heiiliineiils  imd  all'eelioiis. 

lie  possensed  the  k'aniinjf  ol'  Ids  lime.  The 
mriptiires  he  read  hi  the  orixiiudH.  His  exiiosi- 
tioii.  preaelied  in  course  on  the  Sahhatli,  eom- 
preheii(U(l  the  \\\\i>\v  New  Testament,  the  pro- 
])lieey  of  Isaiali,  and  some  of  tlie  other  ])rophets. 
It   was    eliielly    desi;;ned    to    promote    imietieal 


and  shivery  from  17(1(1  to  177i». 

His  piililiealiiiiis  are  ihe  foilnwiinr :  the  wisrhim 
of  (iod  ill  the  ridempliiiii  of  man,  l7'.'Hi  a  ser- 
mon  at  liie  arlilhry  ehetion,  17:{:J  ;  on  evan- 
(,'elical  lepenlanee,  1711  i  discoiirves  on  KoniaiiH 
VIII.  11,  171.')!  funeral  sermons  on  tlii' ileatli  of 
President  I,e\erett,  17'.'l  ;  of  Francis  Foxcrol>, 
17'_'Hi  of  Tresidcnt  Wadsworih,  17:17  i  of  Han- 
cock, 17.VJi  of  Spencer  I'liips,  17.")7;  of  Henry 
I'lynt,   17()()i    of    ])r.  Winj;les\vorth,    17(i.')i    (If 

at   the 


iiietVi  imt  on  llie  prophetical  |)arts  lie  discovered  rresidcnt  Ilcdyoke,  17(i!»j  sermons  at  tlie  or 
a  conlinued  attenlion,  extent  of  readiiifj,  iind  a  diiiation  of  Josiah  Cotton,  17l'N;  of  ,John  Ser- 
deptli  of  research,  which  come  to  the  Hlmre  of  jfcant,  17:(.>i  of  .Iidm  Sparhawk,  17lUi;  of 
Imt  very  few.  In  his  preachiiif,'  he  carefully  Matthew  llridfie,  17  Km  of  ().  I'ealiody,  Jr., 
availed  himself  of  sjiecial  occurrences,  and  his  j  M.'A);  of  Stephen  Ilad;,'er,  17.jIJ;  a  Nermon  a»  tlio 
discourses  on  such  occasions  were  ])ecidiarly  sol- ,  f,'eneral  elecllon,  \~i'2;  at  t!ie  convention,  17l.'l; 
cmn  and  impressive.  \Vilh  the  tidelity  and  two  discourses  on  a  fast,  17 IH ;  on  the  diircrenco 
]ilaiimesN  of  a  Christian  minister  he  administered  hetween  a  Ii-^al  and  evan(,'elicil  rifjhteousnesN, 
reproofs  and  admoiuti(ms,  and  nuuntauied  willi  17-li)i  Dudleiaii  lecture,  17.J.S;  at  the  lloston  lec- 
ture, 17(i'J;  nj^ainst  profane  swearing,  17().J;  a 
tluinkHgivinn  sermon  for  the  compiest  of  Can- 
ada, 17(iO;  for  the  rejieal  of  the  Htamj)  act,  17(>(i; 
two  discourses  on  a  fast,  1770.  —  llnlmcH'  lliilnnj 


]iarental  tenderness  and  pastoral  autliority  the 
discipline  of  the  church.  Ity  his  desire  ii  com- 
mittee was  ai)i)oiiited,  and  continued  for  many 
years,  for  inspecting;  the  manners  of  ])rolessinj,' 
Chrislians.     So  fjrcat  was  the  ascendency,  which 


iif  Cdiiiliriiliff  ;  ('(il/crtiitlis  uf  Jhnlnrlral  Siiciiti/, 


he  gained  over  his  ])cople  hy  his  discretion  and   vii.  U7,  (MiUj  X.  loS;  American  Herald,  Feb. 
moderation,  by  his   condescension   and   benevo-   23,  17Ki. 


lence,  by  his  fidelity  and  piety,  that  they  regarded 
ili^  counsels  as  oracular. 

In  controversial  and  ditticult  cases  he  was  oflcn 
niijilied  to  for  advice  at  ecclesiastical  councils. 
Impartial  yet  jjiicific,  firm  yet  conciliatory,  he  was 
j)eculiarly  (lualiiied  for  a  counsellor,  and  in  that 
cliaracter  he  materially  contributed  to  the  unity, 
the  ])eace,  anl  order  of  the  churches.  With  the 
wisdom  of  the  serjient  he  hajijiily  united  the 
innocence  of  the  dove.  In  his  religious  ])riiici- 
ples  he  was  a  C'alvinist,  as  were  all  his  ])redeces- 
sors  in  the  ministry.  Hooker,  Stone,  Shej)ard, 
Mitcliel,  Oakes,  Oookin,  and  lirattlc.  Hut  towards 
those  of  different  princijiles  he  was  candid  and 
catholic. 

His  own  example  enforced  the  duties,  which  he 
enjoined  ujjon  others.  lie  was  humble,  nieek, 
and  benevolent.  He  was  reaily  at  all  times  to 
relieve  the  distressed,  and  through  life  he  de- 
voted a  tenth  part  of  his  whole  income  to  jiious 
and  charitable  uses.  Ho  was  ever  a  firm  i'riend 
to  the  civil  and  religious  liberties  of  mankind, 
and  was  hajijiy  in  living  to  see  the  establishment 
of  peace  and  indei)endence  ia  his  native  land. 
He  deserves  honorable  remembrance  for  his  ex- 
ertions to  send  the  gosjjel  to  the  Indians.  Under 
his  many  heavy  trials  he  was  submissive  and  jia- 
tieut.  AMieii  his  infirmities  had  in  a  great 
measure  terminated  his  usefulness,  he  expressed 
his  desire  to  dejiart  and  be  with  Christ.  lie  at 
length  calmly  resigiii'd  his  sjjirit  into  the  hands 
of  its  l{edeemer.  His  sou,  Nathaniel,  a  mer- 
elumt  in  Boston,  who  died  in  1708,  wrote,  with 


Al'I'Ll'TOX.  Je,sse,  D.  ]).,  the  second  president 
of  Howdoin  college,  was  born  at  New  Ijiswich 
Nov.  17,  1772.  He  .Icscended  from  John  Apple- 
ton  of  Groat  Waldingfield,  Suffolk,  I'.ngland,  who 
died  in  14;J(i.  Samuel,  a  descendant  of  John, 
came  to  this  country  in  KJ.'M,  and  settled  at 
Ijiswich,  Mass.  Francis,  his  father,  a  man  of 
piety  and  vigorous  intellect,  died  in  ISIG,  aged  83. 

President  A])pletoii  was  graduated  at  Dart- 
mouth college  in  17f)2.  It  was  during  his  resi- 
dence at  that  senihiary,  that  he  experienced  deep 
religious  im])ressions  j  yet  of  any  ])recise  ])eriod, 
when  his  heart  was  regenerated  by  the  Spirit  of 
God,  he  was  not  accustomed  to  s|)eak.  The  only 
safe  evidence  of  ])iety,  ho  believed,  was  "  tho 
jierception  in  himself  of  those  (pinlities,  which  tho 
Gospel  requires."  Having  sjient  two  years  in  tho 
instruction  of  youth  at  Dover  and  Amherst,  he 
studied  theology  under  Dr.  Lathrop  of  West 
Springfield.  In  Feb.,  17!)7,  he  was  ordained  as 
the  pastor  of  a  church  at  Ilami)ton.  His 
religious  sentiments  at  this  period  were  Armiiiian. 
Much  of  his  time  during  his  ten  years'  residence 
in  that  town  was  devoted  to  systematic,  earnest 
study,  ui  consequence  of  which  liis  sentiments 
assumed  a  new  form.  By  his  faithful,  affectionate 
services  he  was  very  much  endeared  to  his  peo])le. 
At  his  suggestion  the  Piscataqua  Evangelical 
Magazine  was  j)ublished,  to  which  he  contriimted 
valuable  essays,  with  the  signature  of  licighton. 
Such  was  his  jiublic  estimation,  that  in  1803  he 
was  one  of  the  two  principal  candidates  for  the 
professorship  of  theology  at  Harvard  college ;  but 


40 


Arri,r;r()\. 


) 


itM.';,' 


i    I 


]>r.  Wiiro  wnit  ilcctdl.  In  lH<»7  lie  wii-i  {lumcii 
iirr^iilciit  lit'  lt(i\M|iiiii  ciillc;;!',  ililn  nliiili  iiflicc 
lie  wiiH  imliictnl  lice.  'J.'l.  At^ci"  llii'  lulls  ol'  Icii 
V'lir'N  ill  tliit  Nliitiiiii,  lii'<  lii'iillh  lii'ciiiiii'  iiiiirli  iiii- 
|iiiirc(l  ill  (•iiii'-i'i|ii('ii(<'  "il'  M  M'\<r('  icilil,  in  (  Kicplicr, 
1N17.  In  Miiy,  |h|!»,  his  illness  licinnir  iimpii' 
iiiiiriuiii);,  his  <iini|ihiinls  liciii;;  ii  con^fli,  jioiirsi'- 
iicNN,  1111(1  ilcliilil).  A  jdiirncj-  |iriivc(l  of  iid 
csNciitiul  lit'intii.  A  |iri)lusr  liriiii(rrlm),'o  in 
Octolirr  cxlin^fiilslicil  nil  liii|n'  of  rcnixcry.  As 
tlic  liny  of  his  (lissidiilioii  n|i|iroiuhr(l,  lie  rc- 
niiii'kcil,  "Of  this  I  Mill  Mile,  ihnt  sniMilion  is  nil 
of  ^'i-ncc.  I  »i)ulil  innkc  no  mention  of  nny- 
thiiin,  whiih  I  hiixe  everlhoiiffhl,  or  snid,  or  donei 
hut  only  of  this,  timt  Hint  mi  Im-nf  llir  wiiil<l,  tin 
to  i/irr  //('.<  "/(/'/  lii'i/dHfii  Sim,  Unit  irlinnnn-rr  he- 
lin-illi  I'll  lliiii  iliiiiil'l  mil  I'liiuli,  lull  liiiri'  I'rri- 
liiMiini  lil'i'.  'I'he  nloneineiit  is  the  only  ffronnd 
of  hope."  In  lu'iillh  he  was  sonieliines  iiiixioiis, 
in  u  lliiii  (le;;ree,  in  re>;ard  lo  the  collefje;  hut  in 
luH  Niikiiess  he  xiiid  in  cheerful  contidence,  "(iod 
h.iH  tiiken  care  of  the  eolleKi'.  nnd  (iod  will  tiike 
care  of  it."  Anions;  his  last  ('xpressioim  were 
heard  tlie  words,  "(ilory  to  (iod  in  the  hiffhesl : 
ihe  whole  earth  shall  he  tilled  with  Inn  >{lory." 
]|e  died  Nov.  IL'.  IS  I!),  at  the  afje  of  17,  liaviiif,' 
been  president  nearly  twelve  years.  A  discourse 
WHS  pulilished,  whieli  was  delivered  at  his  funeral 
liy  Iteiijamin  'I'apiiiui  of  .\u(j;iista,  descriliiiifj  the 
excellentes  of  his  charaeter  and  his  jieculiar 
(pialillcatioiis  for  the  station,  which  ho  occupied. 
]lis  widow,  I'.li/.alieth,  died  in  Koston  in  IS  14. 

He  published  a  dedicatiiiii  sermon  at  Hampton, 
17{>7;  HcrinonH  at  the  ordination  of  Asa  Uand 
of  (iorham,  1S()!»,  and  .lonathan  C'offswell  of  Saco, 
nnd  Keuben  Nasou  of  I"ree])ort,  INK);  of  Uen- 
jaiiiin  'I'apiJan  of  Aufjusta,  ISll;  discourse  on 
the  death  of  Frederic  Southfjate,  ISl.'i;  Massa- 
chusetts election  sermim,  IHl }  j  n  sermon  on  the 
perjietuity  of  tlu'  Sabliath,  1H14;  tliaiiksf,'ivin<f 
tiermon,  1S1.>;  sermon  nt  the  ordination  of  I'.iios 
Mvrrill,  of  Freeport;  sermon  lieforc  the  Itafh 
Hoc-icty  for  the  suppression  of  jiublic  vices;  address 
before  the  Mass.  society  for  the  supj)ression  of  in- 
temperance, ISUi:  sermon  before  the  .\mericnn 
conl!ni^sioners  for  loreif,'!!  missions,  1817;  sermon 
nt  the  formation  of  the  Maine  educatimi  society, 
181Hi  also  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  Mrs.  Ihick- 
inin.ster ;  a  sermon  liefore  the  Portsmouth  female 
usyhim  ;  ami  a  sermon  relating,'  to  ])r.  J'Jnmons  on 
unity. 

Ill  1820  a  volume  of  his  addresses  was  ])ub- 
lifthcd,  containing  his  inaii','ural  address  and 
eleven  annual  addresses,  with  a  sketch  of  his 
charactir  by  J)r.  Xieiiols  of  Portland.  In  1822 
his  lectures  and  occasional  sermons  were  ])ublishe(l 
in  one  volume,  with  a  memoir  of  his  life  by 
Benjamin  Ta])pan  of  Aujfusta.  The  subjects  of 
these  lectures,  twenty-seven  in  number,  are  the  ne- 
cessity of  revelation,  human  depravit)-,  the  atonc- 


ArriioHP. 

liicnt,  regeneration,  the  eternity  of  future  piinish- 
liieiit,  the  resurrection  of  the  body,  and  the 
demoniacs  of  the  New  'I'estament. 

The  Ncnnons  are  on  the  immortality  of  tlw  soid, 
the  iMtliii'iiie  of  r<'liKion  on  the  eondiliun  of 
niiin,  the  mils  of  war  and  the  prulialiillty  of 
iiniviisjil  peace,  the  truth  of  Christianity  from  its 
moral  ell'ect,<,  conscience,  and  coiiNeipiemes  of 
neglcetiiif;  the  );reat  saUatioii.  His  norks,  with 
a  memoir,  were  puldished  in  two  vols.,  In;)7. 

.M'PI.I'.'J'ON,  Sami  t.I„  a  distinguished  mer- 
chant, died  .Inly  12,  IS.').'),  aged  h7.  Ilewasborii 
ill  New  Ips«i(h.  .N.  II.,  .lune  22,  I7<iti,  one  of  a 
family  of  twelve  brothers  and  sisters.  He  early 
liecanu'  a  country  merchant;  in  1701  he  pm- 
tablished  himself  in  business  in  lioston,  in  which 
his  career  was  one  of  >;reat  honor,  success,  nnd 
usefulness.  His  brother,  .Nathan,  became  his 
partner.  He  married  in  18HI  Mrs.  .Mary  (lore. 
As  early  as  18211  he  determined  to  spend 
annually  the  amount  of  his  income.  Ilaxing  no 
children,  much  of  his  beneliceiice  had  respect  to 
the  children  of  his  brothers  and  sisters;  and 
much  of  his  charity  went  to  the  jioor.  He  was 
accustomed  to  (,'ive  away  2.»,00()  dollars  u  year. 
To  all  ureat  objects  of  charity  he  was  u  larjfe  con- 
tributor. He  deemed  the  day  lost,  in  which  lie 
had  not  done  some  good.  To  Dartmouth  college 
he  fi  ive  1(1,(1(10  dollars.  A  ])rint  of  him  is  in  the 
Hist<nical  Ifegister.  His  life  by  V..  I'eabody  may 
be  found  in  the  lives  of  American  merchants. 

Al'PI.I'.TON,  J.viiiA,  sister  of  N.  Dmie,  died 
in  Heverly  Aug.  2.'{,  ISI.j,  aged  lO.'J  years  and  H 
months.  She  was  married  at  thirty  and  was  a 
widow  at  ninety. 

APTHOKP,  F.AST,  nn  E])iHCoj)nl  minister,  was 
tlie  son  of  Charles  Apthorp,  a  merchant  of 
Hoston,  who  died  in  17.>S,  aged  (tl.  He  was  born 
in  17.'i;J,  and  studied  nt  Jesus' college,  Cambrid'^i 
l''iiglnnd.  Having  taken  orders,  he  was  a])poinlt d 
in  17()1  by  the  MK'iety  for  propagating  the  (m)n(t»<| 
in  foreign  (larts  a  missionary  at  Cambri.ige.  ii;; 
which  ])lace  he  continued  four  or  live  ye  -^v.  1 1  <. 
engaged  in  a  warm  controversy  with  l>>-.  ^l  ivliew 
concerning  the  design  and  conduct  of  ;lie  society, 
of  which  he  was  a  missionary.  The  political 
feelings  of  the  people  were  mingled  with  their 
religious  attachments;  the  cause,  which  Mr.  A])- 
thor])  espoused,  was  unpojiular,  and  he  returned 
to  I'jigland.  He  was  made  vicar  of  Croydon  in 
X'ii't,  and  in  1778  rector  of  iJow  church,  London, 
to  which  he  was  presented  by  liis  friend  nnd 
fellow  collegian,  bishop  Porteus.  In  17!)0,  having 
lost  his  sight,  he  exchanged  these  livings  for  the 
])rebend  of  rinsbury,  and  having  an  adeiiuale 
income,  he  retired  to  s])end  the  evening  of  his 
days  among  the  scenes  and  friends  of  his  youth, 
at  the  university,  in  a  house  provided  for  him  by 
his  ])atr(m.  liishoj)  A\'atson.  He  died  at  Cam- 
bridge, England,  April  IG,  1816,  aged  83  ycai-s. 


AlTimi!!'. 


Ann/' 


tl 


IIIm  wife  wriK  till-  (liiiiKlitcr  of  Ko^tiT  IliltcliiiiJirin, ' 

n  linilliir  <>(  iIm'  K"*""'"""''-     "'*  ""'>'  *""  *""  "* 
(•|iT;,'Mniin  i  of  llinc  (laiiKhliT«,  (.ni-  wat  iniirriiMl  ' 
til  Mr.  Carv  iiiiil  onr  to  Kr.  Iliiilcr,  Imtli  Iii'ikIh  of  ; 
rolli'^i's.  the  thiiil  marrit'd  a  »oii  of  Hr.  I'alry.  j 
I»r. 'riioinax   Miilliiicli  of  lloston   married  one  of  ' 
hiM   »ii.HT-«,   iiiul    Itolirrt    ItayanI    of   Nrw   York 
niiotlicr.      lit'    wat   ciuiiHiit    as   a   wriifr.      lit' ^ 
|iulili»li(Ml  n  MTiHon  nt  the  o|it'iiinn  of  llic  cJiurcii 
lit   CamliriilKC,    17(11  i  on   the   piaif,   I'll.'li  coii- 
BidcraiioiiH  rrs|it'i'tiii>,'  ilic  Hdcic!)  for  tin-  pro|ia«ii- 
tion,  ttc.  I7<l.'l;  on  tlic  dc  alli  of  Ann  WlnclwriKlit.  \ 
I'til  j  review  of  Ma)tie«'.i  remarks  on  the  annwer 
to   his   ohservations,   ete.,    17(m!    diseourses   on 
projiliery,  lit    the   Wiirlmrtoii    Uetiire,    {.iiieohi's 
Inn  eliapel,  2  vids;  and  an  iHiHwer  to  (iii)l)on'N 
Htateinent  of  tlie  eaiises  of  the  Npreiid  of  Christ- 
ianitv. — hniiison,  MS.;   llnhiiin,  II.  l-ll,  (HI. 

Ai'TIIOUl',  (iKoiici;  II.,  misNionary  to  Ceylon, 
died  ,lune  H,  IHU,  n;,'e(l  Ki.  Horn  in  (iuiiiey,  he 
priidiiated  at  Yale  in  IS'JO,  iind  studied  theology 
nt  Triiu'eton.  lie  sailed  from  Hoston  in  IN.'JII. 
lie  lived  ehielly  at  Varany.  He  said  in  his  sick- 
ness, "  My  faith  rests  firmly  on  the  roek." 
Amonf;  his  list  words  were,  "  I'reeioiis  Saviour, 
come, — come  ipiickly."  His  last  |)rayers,  both  in 
Enfjlisli  and  'I'nmiil,  for  all  descriptions  of  men, 
were  most  enrneHt.  His  wife,  Mary  llohortson, 
of  Alheinarlc  county,  Vii.,  died  in  ])enee  .Sejit.  .'3, 
IHU),  lifted  41,  nnd  was  l)iiried  hy  the  side  of  her 
hushniid. 

AUIIUCKLE,  M,\'mii:\v,  hrifjadier-jjencral, 
di(Ml  nt  l''ort  .Smith,  Ark.,  June  11,  lH,')l,n;;ed  7.). 
He  commanded  at  New  Orleans,  Fort  Gil)s(m,aiid 
Fort  Smith.  Thorouf^hly  iiequainted  with  the 
Indians,  he  nlwnys  preserved  their  ennfidence. 

ARCH,  John,  a  Cherokee  Iiulian  nnd  nn 
interpreter,  died  at  IJrainerd  .June  H,  1820,  ajijed 
27.  When  taken  Hick,  he  wns  enjjnf^ed  in  trans- 
latin}?  John's  Gosjiel  into  Cherokee,  using  the 
ingenious  alphabet  invented  hy  Mr.  fJuess.  1  le 
had  been  a  Christian  convert  severnl  years ;  nnd 
he  died  in  pence,  saying.  "  God  is  good,  nnd  will 
do  right!"  He  was  buried  by  the  side  of  ])r. 
Worcester. 

AltCHD.M.K,  Joii\,  governor  of  Ciirolinn,  was 
ap]>ointcd  to  tins  olHee  by  the  proprietors,  at>er 
Lord  Ashley  had  declined  accejiting  it.  He  wius 
a  (iuaker  and  a  roprietor,  and  arrived  in  the 
Kuniiner  of  169.^  The  settliTs  received  him  with 
universiil  joy.  The  colony  had  been  in  niiieli  eon- 
fusion,  but  ordi  was  now  restored.  The  .\s- 
sembly  uas  cal  <d,  and  the  governor  by  the 
discreet  use  of  his  extensive  powers  settled  almost 
every  j)ublic  concern  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
people.  The  price  of  lands  and  the  form  of  con- 
veyances were  settled  by  law.  Magistrates  were 
appointed  for  hearing  all  causes,  and  (k'tt'rmining 
all  diiferenccs  between  the  settlers  and  the 
Indians.  Public  roads  were  ordered  to  lie  made 
6 


and  water  pa««agr"i  cut.      I  lie   planting  of  ricr, 

whieh  has  since  beeoine  the  great  siiiir( f  the 

o|Milenee  of  Carolina,  was  intrixlueed.  .\  captain 
of  n  vessel  from  Madagascar  on  his  way  to  (irent 
Itritain  anehored  off  Sulliviin's  Inland  ami  made  a 
present  to  the  giivernor  of  a  liag  of  sird  rice, 
which  he  hail  broiighl  fmni  the  ei..t.  This  rice 
the  governor  divided  aiuoiig  some  of  bis  friends, 
who  agreed  to  in.ike  an  esperiment.  The  success 
equalled  their  expectatinii,  and  from  this  small 
beginning  aro^e  the  staple  c(unmo(lilv  of  Carolina. 
He  continued  one  \car  in  his  guvennuent. 
After  his  rilurn  to  l.oiidiin,  he  pnliliNlied  a  work 
entitled,  a  new  descriptinn  of  that  ferliji-  and 
pleasant  province  of  Carolina,  with  a  brief  ac- 
count of  its  discovery,  settling,  and  the  govern- 
ment thereof  to  this  time,  with  several  reinark- 
iible  jtassages  during  my  time,  17(17.  —  //«////«■.«; 
ll,inill.\.  lilt,  rj!>-l.'tli   Horns,,, J.  \.   |7-,-)0. 

AUCHKlt,  Sri;vi;Ns()\,ehiif  judge  of  tlucimrt 
of  appeals  in  Maryland,  died  Jan.  2.'i,  In  IS. 

.MUi.VLI-,  S.\Mli;i.,  deputy  govc  rnor  of  Vir- 
ginia, came  to  that  colony  in  l(i((!)  to  trade  and 
to  tlsh  for  sturgeon.  The  trade  was  in  violation 
of  the  laws;  but  as  the  wine  ai'd  |iro\isions, 
which  he  brought,  were  iniieh  wanted,  his  con- 
duct was  connived  at,  anil  he  continued  to  inako 
vovnges  foi  his  own  advantage  mil  in  the  service 
of  the  colony.  In  l'il2  he  carried  off  rocahoii- 
tns  to  James  Town.  In  Kil.'J  he  arrived  ot  tho 
Island,  now  called  Mount  Desert,  in  Maine,  for 
the  piir|)ose  of  fishing,  and  having  discovered  a 
settlement  of  the  French,  which  was  made  two 
vears  before,  he  immediately  attacked  it,  and 
took  most  of  the  settlers  jirisoners.  Gilbert  de 
Thet,  u  Jesuit  father,  was  killed  in  the  engage- 
ment. This  was  the  commencement  of  hostili- 
ties between  the  French  nnd  l'",ngli.sli  colonists  in 
America.  Capt.  Argall  soon  afterwards  sailed 
from  Virginia  to  Acndio  and  destroyed  the  French 
settlements  of  St.  Croix  and  Port  Royal.  The 
pretext  for  tb's  hostile  expedition  in  time  of 
])caco  was  the  encroachment  of  the  F'rench  on 
the  rights  of  the  F.nglish,  which  were  founded  on 
tho  jirior  discovery  of  the  Cabots.  Argall  on  his 
return  subdued  the  Dutch  settlement  at  Hudson's 
river.  In  Kilt  he  went  to  England,  and  returned 
in  1(!17  as  deputy  governor.  On  his  arrival  he 
found  the  jjublic  buildings  at  James  Town  fallen 
to  decay,  the  market  i)lace  and  streets  planted 
with  tol)aeco,  and  the  jieople  of  the  colony  dis- 
]iersed  in  ])laces,  which  they  thought  best  ada])ted 
for  cultivating  that  pernicious  weed.  To  restore 
jirosperity  to  the  colony  Capt.  Argall  introduced 
some  severe  regulations.  He  proliibited  all  trade 
or  familiarity  with  the  Indians.  Teaching  them 
the  use  of  arms  was  a  crime  to  be  ])unished  hy 
death.  He  ordered,  that  all  goods  should  he 
sold  at  an  advance  of  twenty-five  per  cent.,  and 
fixed  the  price  of  tobacco  at  three  shillings  per 


42 


AUMISTEAl). 


j)ound.  None  could  soil  or  buy  at  a  different 
price  under  the  ))eiiiilty  of  three  years'  imjjrison- 
ment.  Xo  i.ian  was  permitted  to  (ire  a  fjuu,  be- 
fore a  new  su])j)ly  of  aninuinition,  e.\ce])t  in  seli- 
defence,  on  jiain  of  a  year's  slavery.  Absence 
from  cinireh  on  Sundays  or  holidays  was  ])unislied 
by  confinement  for  the  nif,'ht,  and  one  weeli's 
slavery  to  the  colonv,  and  on  a  repetition  of  the 
offence  the  ])unishment  was  increased. 

The  ri},'orous  execution  of  these  laws  rendered 
him  odious  in  the  colony,  and  the  report  of  his 
tyranny  and  his  de])redations  ujjon  the  revenues 
of  the  company  reaching'  ];nf,'land,  it  was  detei-- 
mined  to  recall  him.  J.ord  Delaware  was  di- 
rected to  send  him  home  to  answer  the  char^'cs 
brou},'ht  af,'ainst  him  ;  but  as  iiis  lordshij)  did  not 
reach  V'irfjinia,  beinjf  summoned  away  from  life 
while  on  his  jiassaf,'!-,  ihe  letter  to  him  fell  into 
the  hands  of  Ar{,'all.  I'erceiviuf,'  from  it  that 
the  fine  harvest,  which  now  occu])ied  him,  would 
be  soon  ended,  he  redoubled  his  iiulustry.  1  le 
multiiilied  his  acts  of  injustice,  and  before  the 
orrival  of  a  new  governor  in  1(>I9  set  sail  in  a 
vessel,  loaded  with  his  elfects.  lie  was  the 
partner  in  trade  of  the  Earl  of  Warwick,  and  by 
this  connection  was  enabled  to  defraud  the  com- 
pany of  the  restitution,  which  they  had  a  rif,'ht  to 
exj)cct.  In  1020  he  com.manded  a  sliij)  of  war 
in  an  expedition  against  the  .\l<,'erines ;  in  1()'23 
he  was  knif^hted  by  Kiufj;  James;  in  WIS  he 
wa«  engaged  in  the  expedition  against  the  Sjjan- 
isfi  under  ('ecil. 

His  character,  like  that  of  most,  who  were  con- 
cerned in  the  government  of  Virginia,  is  differ- 
ently drawn  j  by  some  he  is  rejjresented  as  a 
good  mariner,  a  man  of  public  spirit,  active,  in- 
dustrio'is,  careful  to  provide  for  the  jjoople,  and 
to  keep  them  constantly  cmj)loyed ;  and  by  others 
he  is  described  as  negligent  of  the  jjublic  busi- 
ness, selfish,  rajjacious,  passionate,  arbitrary,  and 
cruel,  pushing  his  unrighteous  gains  in  every  way 
of  extortion  and  oppression.  He  was,  without 
question,  a  man  of  talents  and  art,  for  he  so 
foiled  and  ])erploxed  the  company,  that  they  were 
never  able  to  bring  liim  to  any  account  or  j)un- 
ishment.  An  account  of  liis  voyage  from  James 
Town,  bcghming  June  19,  IfilO,  in  wliich,  missing 
Bermuda,  he  "  put  over  towards  Sagadahoc  and 
Cape  Cod,"  and  his  letter  respecting  his  voyage 
to  Virginia  in  1613,  are  ])rcserved  in  Purchas.  — 
Belknap'x  Biographj,  II.  51-03 ;  Holmes,  144, 
155 ;  I.  Smilh :  Sliih ;  Marsha//,  I.  50,  107  ; 
licver/i/. 

AUMISTEAl),  Gen.  W.  K.,  died  at  Upper- 
ville,  Va.,  Oct.  13,  1845,  aged  about  60.  He 
was  in  the  army  forty  years,  of  correct  moral 
deportment :  for  many  years  he  was  chief  of  the 
corps  of  engineers.  He  commanded  in  1840  in 
the  war  against  the  Florida  Indians. 

ARMSTRONG,  Wiluam  J.,  D.  I).,  secretarv 


ARMSTRONG. 

of  the  American  Board  of  Missions,  died  in  the 
wreck  of  the  steamer  Atlantic  Nov.  liT,  184(), 
aged  50.  He  was  born  in  1790  at  Mendliam, 
N.  J.,  where  his  father.  Dr.  A.  .Vrmstrong,  was 
the  minister.  Ho  graduated  at  I'rinceton  in 
1810.  AVlicn  he  first  began  to  ])reach,  he  souglit 
iui  untried  field  of  labor  at  Charlottesville,  in 
central  Virginia,  whore  there  was  no  church,  but 
whore  ho  galiiorod  one.  In  1821  ho  returned  to 
New  Jersey,  and  became  for  three  years  the 
])astor  of  the  church  in  Trenton.  Ho  then  was 
for  ton  years  ])astor  of  a  church  in  Richmond, 
Va.,  as  the  successor  of  Dr.  Rice;  and  here  he 
faitiifidly  toiled  with  remarkable  success.  In 
1834  he  was  ch.osen  a  secretary  of  the  American 
Board  of  Missi(nis  as  successor  of  Dr.  Wisner, 
and  removed  to  Boston ;  but  in  1838  it  was 
thouglit  best,  that  ho  should  reside  in  New  York, 
rotahiing  his  connection  with  the  Board.  Almost 
every  Sabbath  he  preached,  far  and  wide,  on  the 
claims  of  the  heathen. 

He  made  his  monthly  visit  to  Boston  on 
Monday  Nov.  23,  1840,  to  attend  the  mooting  of 
the  Prudential  Committee  of  the  Board.  A 
storm  set  in  on  Wednesday,  when  he  ])roposod 
to  return  to  Now  York :  in  vain  did  his  associates 
advise  him  not  to  venture  ujion  the  water  in  such 
a  tcm])cst ;  but  he  was  desirous  to  reach  homo, 
as  the  next  day  was  thanksgiving.  At  five  o'clock 
ho  left  Boston  by  railroad  for  Norwich,  and  pro- 
ceeded from  .VUyn's  Point  in  the  steamor  Atlantic 
to  Now  liOndon ;  but  when  about  nine  miles  out 
of  the  liarbor  the  steam-pij)C  burst,  leaving  the 
vessel  to  the  north-west  wnid.  The  anchors 
dragged,  and  during  the  whole  day  and  night 
of  Thursday  the  vessel  was  at  the  mercy  of  the 
storm.  As  a  minister  of  Christ  Dr.  A.  was  busily 
emjjloyed  in  teaching,  in  exhortation,  and  jjrayer, 
that  he  might  aid  others  in  preparing  to  die. 
About  fifty  mot  in  the  cabin  in  the  afternoon  to 
read  the  Bible  and  to  jiray.  Tie  was  calm  and 
resigned.  After  four  o'clock  in  the  momuig  of 
Friday  the  27th  the  vessel  went  to  j)ieces,  as  it 
struck  the  reef,  and  ho  and  many  others  died. 
His  body  wa"  recovered,  aiul  his  funeral  was  at- 
tended at  New  York.  —  N.  }'.  ObnKirer,  Dec.  5. 

ARMSTRONG,  Rohkrt,  general,  died  at  Wash- 
ington in  Feb.,  1854,  aged  about  65.  Bom  in 
East  Tennessee,  he  was  a  general  in  the  Florido 
war  of  1830;  afterwards  consul  at  Liveri)ool. 
Gen.  Jackson  bequeathed  to  him  his  sword. 

ARMSTRONG,  John,  general,  died  at  Red 
Hook,  N.  Y.,  April  1,  1855,  aged  84.  He  served 
as  an  officer  Avith  much  credit  during  the  llevolu- 
tionary  war,  at  the  close  of  which  he  published 
the  celebrated  Newburgh  Letters,  written  with 
great  \igor  and  eloquence.  The  prudence  of 
Washington  gave  triumph  to  milder  counsels. 
After  tliti  war  he  was  adjutant-general  of  Penn- 
sylvania :   he  conducted  the  vigorous  movement 


ARMSTRONG. 


ARNOLD. 


43 


to   Boston   on 


apainst  the  settlers  at  Wyoming.  From  New 
York  lie  was  sent  to  the  Senate  of  tlie  United 
States:  lie  was  also  minister  in  France,  after 
Chancellor  lavinffslon.  Mr.  Madison  placed  him 
at  the  liead  of  the  war  deiiartment.  After  the 
capture  of  Washington  by  the  British  in  1S14  he 
was  dismissed  from  otHce  and  afterwards  lived  in 
retirement.  He  published  a  brief  history  of  the 
war  with  I'.iifrland. 

AHMSniOXG,  Samvei.  T.,  died  in  Boston 
March  2(i,  IHoO,  a},'ed  CG.  lie  was  a  bookseller, 
in  which  profession  he  made  a  fortune ;  mayor 
of  the  city ;  and  lieutenant-ffovernor.  Among 
the  books  ho  published  was  a  stereoty])c  edition 
of  Scott's  family  Bible,  which  was  widely  circu- 
lated, lie  was  a  member  of  the  Prudential 
Committee  of  the  American  Board.  It  is  said, 
that  it  was  his  purpose,  —  as  he  had  a  fortune  of 
100  or  150,000  dollars  and  no  children,  —  to 
leave  a  liberal  charitable  bequest;  but  he  died 
suddenly  in  his  chair.  His  wife,  a  descendiuit 
of  Edward  Johnson,  survived  him. 

ARMSTRONG,    John,    general,    resided    in 
Pennsylvania  and  was  distinguished  in  the  Indian 
wars.    In  177G,  being  appohited  brigadier-general, 
l^'  h'-'  assisted  in  the  defence  of  Fort  Moultrie  and 

'  •*  in  the  battle  of  Germantov.n.     He  left  the  army 

in  1777  through  tlissatisfaelion  as  to  rank,  and 
was  afterwards  a  member  of  Congress.  lie  died 
at  Carlisle  ^larch  9,  179o.  lie  was  a  professor 
of  religion.  —  Lenipricrc. 

ARNOLD,  Bkxkuict,  governor  of  Rhode 
Island,  succeeded  Roger  Williams  in  that  office 
in  10.57  and  continued  till  IGOO ;  he  was  also 
governor  from  1()G2  to  IGGG,  from  1GG9  to  1072, 
and  from  1C77  to  1G78,  —  in  which  last  year 
he  died.  He  had  lived  in  I'rovidence  as  early 
as  IGt'iO.  A\'inthrop  spealcs  of  liim,  "  as  a  great 
friend  of  Massachusetts,  es])ecially  in  negotiations 
with  the  Indians."  —  In  lGii7  he  and  Coddington 
Din'chased  of  the  Indian  sachems  the  island  of 
Quononoquot,  at\erwards  called  James  Town.  — 
Masnachusctis  Historical  Collcctiuns,  V.  217; 
Savagii's  WinfJiro/i;  Farmer. 

ARNOLD,  BKNi'Dirr,  a  major-general  in  the 
American  army,  and  infamous  for  deserting  the 
c^  n  of  his  country,  died  in  England  June  14. 
1801.  He  was  bred  an  a])othecary  with  a  Dr. 
Lathrop,  who  was  so  pleased  with  him,  as  to  give 
him  oOO  pounds  sterling.  From  1703  to  1707 
he  combined  the  business  of  a  druggist  with  that 
of  a  bookseller,  at  New  Haven,  Conn.  Being 
captain  of  a  volunteer  company,  after  hearing  of 
the  battle  of  Lexington  he  immediately  marched 
with  his  comiiany  for  the  American  head-quar- 
ters, and  reached  Cambridge  Ajiril  29, 177o.  He 
waited  on  the  Massachusetts  eonnnittce  of  safety 
and  informed  them  of  the  defenceless  state  of 
Tieonderoga.  The  committee  appointed  him  a 
colonel,  and  commissioned  liim  to  raise  four  hun- 


dred men,  and  to  take  that  fortress.  He  ])ro- 
ceeded  directly  to  Vermemt,  and  when  he  arrived 
at  Castleton  was  attended  by  one  servant  only. 
Here  he  joined  Col.  Allen,  and  on  May  10th  the 
fortress  was  taken. 

In  the  fall  of  177j  he  was  sent  by  the  com- 
mander-in-chief to  ])enetrate  through  the  wilder- 
ness of  the  District  of  Maine  into  Canada.     He 
commenced  his  march  Sept.  IG,  with  about  one 
thousand   men,  consisting  of  New  I-^ngland   in- 
fantry, some  volunteers,  a  company  of  artillery, 
and  three  comjianies  of  rillemen.    One  division, 
that  of  Col.  Enos,  was  obliged   to  return   from 
Dead  river  from  the  want  of  provisions ;  had  it 
proceeded,  the  whole  army  might  have  perished. 
The  greatest  hardshi])s  were  endured  and  the 
most  appalling  difficulties  surmounted  in  this  ex- 
pedition, of  which  Maj.  Meigs  kept  a  journal,  and 
Mr.  Henry  also  published  an  account.     The  army 
wa.s  in  the  wilderness,  between  Fort  Western  at 
Augusta  and  the  first  settlements  on  the  Chaudiere 
in  Canada,  about  five  weeks.    In  the  want  of 
provisions  Capt.  Dearborn's  dog  was  killed,  and 
eaten,  even  the  feet  and  skin,  with  good  appe- 
tite.   As  the  army  arrived  at  the  first  settle- 
ments   Nov.   4th,    the    intelligence    necessarily 
reached  Quebec  in  one  or  two  days ;  but  a  week 
or  fortnight  before  this  Gov.  Cramahe  had  been 
ap])rized  of  the  approach  of  this  army.     Arnold 
had  imprudently  sent  a  letter  to  Schuyler,  en- 
closed to  a  friend  in  Quebec,  by  an  Indian,  dated 
Oct.  13,  and  he  was  himself  convinced,  from  the 
jireparations  made  for  his  reeeiition,  that  the  In- 
dian had  betrayed   liim.    Nov.  Oth  the   troops 
arrived  at  St.  Mary's,  ten  or  twelve  miles  from 
Quebec,  and  remained  there  three  or  four  days. 
Nov.  9th  or  10th  they  advanced  to  I'oint   Levi, 
ojjposite   Quebec.     I'orty   birch    canoes    having 
been   collected,  it  was   still   foiuul   necessary  to 
delay  crossuig  the  river  for  three  nights  on  ac- 
count  of  a  high  wind.     On   the  14th  the  wind 
moderated ;  but  this  delay  was  very  favorable  to 
the  city,  for  on  the  13th  Col.  M'Lean,  an  active 
officer,  arrived  with  eighty  men  to  strengthen  the 
garrison,  which  already  consisted  of  more  than  a 
thousand  men,  so  as  to  render  an  assault  hope- 
less.    Indeed  Arnold  himself  placed  his   chief 
de])endenee  on  the  eo-ojieration  of  Montgomery. 
On  the  14th  of  Nov.  he  crossed  the  St.  l<aw- 
rence  in  the  night ;  and,  ascending  the  ])reeipice, 
which  Wolfe  had  climbed  before  him,  formed  his 
small  corjis   on   the  height  near  the  jjlains  of 
Abraham.     With  only  about  seven  lunnlred  men, 
one  third  of  whose  muskets  had  been  rendered 
useless   in   the  march   through    the  wilderness, 
success  could  not  be  expected.     It  is  surj)rlsing, 
that  the  garrison,  consisting  Nov.  14th  of  one 
thousand  one  hundred  and  twenty-six  men,  did 
not  march  out  and  destroy  the  small  force  of 
Arnold.     After   parading    some    days    on    the 


44 


ARNOLD. 


f 


heights  near  ihe  to^-n,  ami  scndiiifj  two  flaj^s  to 
Bummon  the  inlial)itaiits,  he  retired  to  I'oiiit  aiix 
Trembles,  twenty  inilets  ahovc  Quehee,  and  there 
awaited  tlie  arrival  of  Montf^omery,  who  joined 
him  on  tlie  first  of  December.  TIic  city  was  im- 
mediately hesief;cd,  but  the  best  measures  had 
been  taken  for  its  defence.  'I'lic  able  Gen.  Carle- 
ton  had  entered  tlie  city  with  sixty  men  Nov. 
20th.  On  tlie  morninf;  of  the  last  day  of  the 
year  an  assault  was  made  on  the  one  side  of  tlic 
lower  town  by  Montf^omery,  wlio  was  killed.  At 
the  same  time  Col.  Arnold,  at  the  head  of  about 
three  hundred  and  fitty  men,  made  a  desperate 
attack  on  the  o])])osite  side.  Advancing;  with  the 
utmr  :t  I.itre])i(lity  aloiif^  the  St.  Cliarles  through 
a  narrow  path,  cxi)osed  to  an  incessant  fire  of 
grajjc-sliot  and  muskeM-y,  as  he  approached  the 
first  barrier  he  received  a  musket  ball  in  the  left 
leg,  which  shattered  the  bone.  He  was  com- 
pelled to  retire,  on  foot,  dragging  "  one  leg  alter 
him"  near  a  mile  to  the  hospital,  havhig  lost 
sixty  men  killed  and  wounded,  and  three  hun- 
dred prisoners.  Altiiougli  the  attack  was  unsuc- 
cessful, the  blockade  of  Quebec  was  continued 
till  May,  l""(i,  when  the  army,  which  was  in  no 
condition  to  risk  an  assault,  was  removed  to  a 
more  defensible  jjosition.  Arnold  was  compelled 
to  relinquish  one  post  after  another,  till  the  18th 
of  June,  when  he  quitted  Canada.  Ai\er  this 
period  he  exhibited  great  bravery  in  the  com- 
mand of  the  American  fleet  on  Lake  Champlain. 
In  August,  1777,  he  relieved  Fort  Schuyler 
under  the  command  of  Col.  Gansevoort,  whicli 
was  invested  by  Col.  St.  Leger  with  an  army  of 
from  fifteen  to  eighteen  hundred  men.  In  the 
battle  near  Stillwater,  Sejjt.  I'Jth,  he  was  engaged 
incessantly  for  four  hours.  In  the  action  of  Oct. 
7th,  after  the  British  had  been  driven  into  the 
lines,  Arnold  pressed  forward  and  under  a  tre- 
mendous fire  assaulted  the  works  throughout 
their  whole  extent  from  right  to  left.  The  in- 
trenchmcnts  were  at  length  forced,  and  with  a 
few  men  he  actually  entered  the  works ;  but  his 
horse  being  killed,  and  he  liimself  badly  wounded 
in  the  leg,  he  found  it  necessary  to  withdraw, 
and,  as  it  was  now  almost  dark,  to  desist  from  the 
attack.  Being  rendered  unfit  for  active  service 
in  consequence  of  his  wound,  after  the  recovery 
of  rhiladel])hia  he  was  ap])ointed  to  the  com- 
mand of  the  American  garrison,  ^^'hen  he  en- 
tered the  city,  he  made  the  house  of  Gov.  Penn, 
the  best  house  in  the  city,  his  head-quarters. 
This  he  furnished  in  a  very  costly  manner,  and 
lived  far  beyond  his  income,  lie  had  wasted  the 
plunder,  which  he  had  seized  at  Montreal  in  his 
retreat  from  Canada ;  and  at  Philadelphia  he  was 
determined  to  make  new  acquisitions.  lie  laid 
his  hands  on  every  thing  in  the  city,  which  could 
be  considered  as  the  j)roperty  of  those,  who  were 
unfriendly  to  the  cause  of  his  country.    He  was 


ARNOLD. 

charged  with  opjjression,  extortion,  and  enormous 
diarges  u])on  the  jiulilic  in  his  accounts,  and  with 
a])pl)ing  the  ])ublic  money  and  pnqierty  to  his 
own  private  use.  Such  was  his  conduct,  that  bo 
drew  ujjon  himself  the  odium  of  the  inhabitants, 
not  only  of  tlie  city,  liut  of  the  province  in  gen- 
eral, lie  was  engaged  in  trading  sjieculations, 
and  had  shares  in  several  ;  r'vateers,  but  was  un- 
successful. From  the  jud^p  ent  of  the  commis- 
sioners ajipointed  to  ins])ect  his  accounts,  who 
had  rejected  above  half  the  amount  of  his  de- 
mands, he  appealed  to  Congress ;  and  they  ap- 
])ointed  a  committee  of  their  own  body  to  settle 
the  business.  The  committee  confirmed  the  re- 
])ort  of  the  commissioners,  and  thought  they  had 
allowed  him  more  than  he  had  any  right  to  ex- 
pect. By  these  disaijjjointments  he  became  irri- 
tated, and  he  gave  full  scope  to  his  resentment. 
His  invectives  against  Congress  were  not  less 
violent,  than  those,  which  he  had  before  thrown 
out  against  the  commissioners.  He  was,  however, 
soon  obliged  to  abide  the  judgment  of  a  court 
martial  ujjon  the  charges  exhibited  against  him 
by  the  executive  of  Pennsylvania;  and  he  was 
subjected  to  the  mortification  of  receiving  a  repri- 
mand from  Washington.  His  trial  commenced 
in  June,  1778,  but  such  were  the  delays  occa- 
sioned by  the  movements  of  the  arm>,  that  it  was 
not  concluded  until  Jan.  20,  1770.  '  '  'ence 
of  a  reprimand  was  ap])roved  by  C  •i,,cs..  and 
was  soon  afterwards  carried  into  exersi';; : 

Such  was  the  humiliation,  to  whicii  Gen.  Ar- 
nold was  reduced  in  consequence  of  yielding  to 
the  temptations  of  pride  and  vanity,  and  indulging 
himself  in  the  pleasures  of  a  sum])tuous  table 
and  expensive  equipage.  From  tliis  time  his 
j)roud  spirit  revolted  from  the  cause  of  America. 
He  turned  his  eyes  to  West  Point  as  an  acquisi- 
tion, which  would  give  value  to  treason,  while  its 
loss  would  inflict  a  mortal  wound  on  his  former 
friends.  He  addressed  himself  to  the  delegation 
of  New  York,  in  which  state  his  reputation  was 
peculiarly  high,  and  a  member  of  Congress  from 
this  state  recommended  him  to  Washington  for 
the  service,  wliich  he  desired.  The  same  appli- 
cation to  the  commander-in-chief  was  made  not 
long  afterwards  through  Gen.  Schuyler.  Wash- 
ington observed,  that  as  there  was  a  prospect  of 
an  active  campaign  he  should  be  gratified  vnth 
the  aid  of  Arnold  in  the  field ;  but  intimated  at 
the  same  time,  that  he  should  receive  the  op- 
pointment  requested,  if  it  should  be  more  pleas- 
ing to  him.  Arnold,  without  discovering  much 
solicitude,  repaired  to  camp  in  the  beginning  of 
August,  and  renewed  in  person  the  solicitations, 
which  had  been  before  indirectly  made.  He  was 
now  offered  the  command  of  the  left  wing-  of  the 
army,  which  was  advancing  against  New  York  ; 
but  he  declined  it  under  the  pretext,  that  in  con- 
sequence of  his  wounds,  he  was  unable  to  perform 


ARNOLD. 


ARNOLD. 


45 


d  enormous 
Is,  and  witli 
|)erty  to  his 
uct,  that  bn 
inhabitantR, 
ICO  in  f?cn- 
])cculations, 
but  was  un- 
hc  commis- 
lounts,  who 
,  of  his  (le- 
nd they  ap- 
dy  to  settle 
lied  the  rc- 
;ht  they  had 
rif^ht  to  ex- 
became  irri- 
resentment. 
re  not  less 
lore  thrown 
as,  however, 
t  of  a  court 
against  him 
and  he  was 
ring  a  repri- 
commenced 
lelays  occa- 
I ,  that  it  was 
'ence 
(,    ..  •  and 

Ich  Gen.  Ar- 
ielding  to 
indulging 
ituous  table 
time  his 
America, 
an  acquisi- 
while  its 
his  former 
delegation 
jtation  was 
gress  from 
hington  for 
mrae  appli- 
madc  not 
Wash- 
)rospect  of 
tified  with 
timated  at 
e  the  op- 
ore  pleas- 
ing much 
j;inning  of 
licitations, 
He  was 
ing  of  the 
ew  York ; 
lat  in  con- 
perform 


the  active  duties  of  the  field.  Without  n  sus- 
picion of  his  ])atri()tism  he  was  invested  with  tlio 
command  of  West  Point.  Previously  to  his  so- 
liciting this  station,  he  had  in  u  letter  to  Col. 
Uevcrley  Robinson  signified  his  change  of  jjrin- 
cijiles  and  his  wish  to  restore  himself  to  the  ihvor 
of  his  prince  by  some  signal  jjroof  of  his  re])ent- 
ance.  This  letter  o])ened  to  him  a  corres])ond- 
ence  with  Sir  Henry  Clinton,  the  object  of  which 
was  to  concert  the  means  of  i>utting  the  im- 
portant post,  which  he  commanded,  into  the  ])os- 
session  of  the  British  general.  His  ])lan,  it  is 
believed,  was  to  have  drawn  the  greater  ])art  of 
his  army  without  the  works  under  the  pretext 
of  fighting  the  enemy  in  the  defiles,  and  to  have 
left  unguarded  a  designated  pass,  through  which 
the  assailants  might  securely  a])])roach  and  sur- 
prise the  fortress.  His  troops  lie  intended  to 
place,  so  that  they  would  be  comjJcUed  to  sur- 
render, or  be  cut  in  jjieces.  But  just  as  his 
scheme  was  ripe  for  execution  tlie  wise  Disjioser 
of  events,  who  so  often  and  so  remarkably  inter- 
posed in  favor  of  the  American  cause,  blasted  his 
designs. 

Maj.  Andre,  after  his  detection,  apjirized  Arnold 
of  his  danger,  and  the  traitor  found  opportunity 
to  escape  on  board  the  Vulture,  Sept.  26,  1780,  a 
few  hours  before  the  return  of  AVashington,  who 
had  been  absent  on  a  journey  to  Hartford,  On 
the  very  day  of  his  escape  Arnold  wrote  a  letter 
to  Washington,  declaring  that  the  love  of  his 
country  had  governed  him  in  his  late  conduct, 
and  requesting  him  to  protect  Mrs.  Arnold.  She 
was  conveyed  to  her  husband  at  New  York,  and 
his  clothes  and  baggage,  for  wliich  he  had 
WTitten,  were  transmitted  to  him.  During  the 
exertions,  which  were  made  to  rescue  Andre  from 
the  destruction,  which  threatened  him,  Arnold 
had  the  hardihood  to  interpose.  He  a])])ealed  to 
the  humanity  of  the  commander-in-chief,  and 
then  sought  to  intimidate  him  by  stating  the  situ- 
ation of  many  of  the  principal  characters  of 
South  Carolina,  who  had  forfeited  their  lives,  but 
had  hitherto  been  spared  through  the  clemency 
of  the  British  general.  This  clemency,  he  said, 
could  no  longer  in  justice  be  extended  to  them, 
should  Maj.  Andre  suffer. 

Arnold  was  made  a  brigadier-general  in  the 
British  service ;  which  rank  he  preserved  through- 
out the  war.  Yet  he  must  have  been  held  in 
contemjjt  and  detestation  by  the  generous  and 
honorable.  It  was  imjiossible  for  men  of  this 
de8cri])tion.  even  when  acting  with  him,  to  forget 
that  he  was  a  traitor :  first  the  slave  of  his  rage, 
then  purchased  with  gold,  and  finally  secured  by 
the  blood  of  one  of  the  most  accomjiUshed  officers 
in  the  British  army.  One  would  su])posc,  that 
his  mind  could  not  have  been  much  at  ease ;  but 
ho  had  proceeded  so  far  in  nee,  that  perhaps  his 
rcilcctious  gave  him  but  little  trouble.    "I  am 


mistaken,"  says  Washington  in  a  private  letter, 
"  if  at  this  time  .Vrnold  is  not  undergoing  the 
torments  of  a  mental  iicll.  He  wants  feeling. 
I'roni  some  traits  of  his  character,  which  have 
lately  come  to  my  knowl^lge,  he  seems  to  have 
l)een  no  hackneyed  in  crime,  so  lost  to  all  sense  of 
lionor  and  shame,  that  while  his  faculties  still 
enable  him  to  nontl"""  his  sordid  pursuits,  there 
will  be  no  time  ior  remorse." 

Arnold  found  it  necessary  to  make  some  exer- 
tions to  secure  the  attachment  of  his  new  friends. 
With  the  hope  of  alluring  many  of  the  discon- 
tented to  his  standard,  he  pui)lished  an  address 
to  the  inhabitants  of  America,  in  wliich  he  en- 
deavored to  justiiy  his  conduct.     He  had  encoun- 
tered the  dangers  of  the  field,  lie  said,  from  ap- 
])reliension  that  the  rights  of  his  country  were  in 
danger.    He  had  acquiesced  in  the  Declaration 
of  Iiuli  Mendencc,  though  he  thought  it  precijjitate. 
But  the  rejection  of  the  overtures  made  by  Great 
Ikitain   in    1778,  and   the   French  alliance,  had 
opened  his  eyes  to  the  ambitious  views  of  those, 
who  would  sacrifice  the  happiness  of  their  country 
to  their  own  aggrandizement,  and  had  made  him 
a  confirmed  loyalist.     He  artfully  mingled  asser- 
tions, that  the  princijial  members  of  Congress 
held   the  jieople   in   sovereign   contenijit.     This 
was  followed  in  about  a  fortnight  by  a  proclama- 
tion, addressed  "  to  tlie  ofliccrs  and  soldiers  of  the 
continental  army,  who  have  the  real  interest  of 
their  country- at  heart,  and  who  are  determined 
to  be  no  longer  the  tools  and  dujies  of  Congress 
or  of  France."    To  induce  the  American  officers 
and  soldiers  to  desert  the  cause,  which  they  had 
embraced,  he    represented,  that    the  corj)s  of 
cavalry  and  infantry,  which  he  was  authorized  to 
raise,  would  be  upon  the  same  footing  with  other 
troops  in  the  British  ser\ice ;  that  he  should  with 
pleasure  advance  those,  whose   valor  he  might 
witness ;  that  the  private  men,  who  joined  him, 
should  receive  a  bounty  of  three  guineas  each,  be- 
sides payment  at  the  full  value  for  horses,  arms, 
and  accoutrements.     His  object  was  the  peace, 
liberty,    and    safety    of    America.      "You    are 
promised  liberty,"  he  exclaims,  "  but  is  there  an 
hidindual  in  the  enjoyment  of  it,  saving  your  oj)- 
jiressors  ?    Who  among  you  dare  speak  or  write 
what  he  thinks  against  the  tyranny,  which  has 
robbed  you  of  your  projierty,   imprisons  your 
persons,  drags  you  to  the  field  of  battle,  and  is 
doily  deluging  your  country  with  your  blood?" 
"What,"  he  exclaims  again,  "is  America  now, 
but  a  land  of  widows,  orphans,  and  beggars  ?    As 
to  you,  who  have  been  soldiers  in  the  continental 
army,  can  you  at  this  day  want  evidence,  that  the 
funds  of  your  country  are  exhausted,  or  that  the 
managers  have  apjilied   them   to  their  private 
uses  ?    In  either  case  you  surely  can  no  longer 
continue  in  their  service  with  honor  or  advantage. 
Yet  you  have  hitherto  been  their  supporters  in 


46 


ARNOLD. 


it 


t}mt  cruelty,  which  'vitli  eqiml  indifTorcnce  to 
yourN  as  well  as  to  tlic  lal)or  and  hlood  of  others, 
is  devouriii};  a  country,  that  from  the  moment  you 
quit  their  colors  will  he  redeemed  from  their 
tyranny."  These  ])roclamutions  did  not  ])roduce 
the  cfl'cct  desifjned ;  and  in  all  the  hardshi])s, 
sufferinfjs,  and  irritations  of  the  war  Arnold 
remains  the  solitary  instance  of  an  American 
officer,  who  almndoned  the  side  first  emhraced  in 
the  contest,  and  turned  his  sword  ujmn  his  former 
companions  in  arms. 

lie  was  soon  dis])afched  liy  Sir  Henry  Clinton 
to  make  a  diversion  in  Virf,'inirt.  With  ahout 
seventeen  hundred  nic;  lie  arrived  in  the 
Chesaj)eake  in  .Jan.,  17.S1,  and  bein;^  su]'])orted  hy 
such  a  naval  force  as  was  suited  to  the  nature  of 
the  service,  he  committed  extensive  ravaf^es  on 
the  rivers  and  alonj;  the  uni)rotecled  coasts.  It 
is  said  that,  while  on  this  ex])edition  Arnold 
inquired  of  an  American  ca])tain,  wlioni  he  had 
tidien  ])risouer,  what  the  Americans  would  do 
with  him,  ii  ne  should  fall  into  their  hands.  The 
officer  rejjlied,  that  they  would  cut  off  his  lame 
leg  and  l)ury  it  with  the  honors  of  war,  and  haiip 
the  remainder  of  his  hody  in  ffihhets.  After  his 
recall  from  Virf;inia  he  conducted  an  e.\])cdition 
against  his  native  state,  Connecticut,  lie  took 
FortTrumbidl  Sei)t.  (ith,with  inconsiderable  loss. 
On  the  other  side  of  the  harbor  Lieut. -Col.  Kyre, 
who  commanded  another  detachment,  made  an 
assault  on  Fort  Ciriswold,  and  with  the  fjreatest 
difficulty  entered  the  works.  An  officer  of  the 
conquering  troo])s  asked,  who  commanded ?  "I 
did,"  answered  Col.  l,edyard,  "  Ijut  you  do  now," 
and  presented  him  his  sword,  which  was  in- 
stantly ])lunged  into  his  own  bosom.  A  merci- 
less slaughter  commenced  ujjon  the  brave  garrison, 
who  had  ceased  to  resist,  until  the  greater  part 
were  either  killed  or  wounded.  After  burning 
the  town  and  the  stores,  which  wore  in  it,  and 
thus  thickening  the  laurels, '-.  Ith  which  his  lirow 
was  adorned,  Arnold  returned  to  New  York  in 
eight  days. 

From  the  conclusion  of  the  war  till  his  death 

Gen.   Arnold  resided   chiefly   in   England.     In 

1780    he   was   at   St.   John's,   Xew   lirimswick, 

engaged  in  trade  and  navigation,  and  again  in 

1790.     For  some  cause  he  became  very  impopular 

in  17i)2  or   17!>3,  was  hung  in  effigy,  and  the 

mayor  found  it  necessary  to  read  the  riot  act,  and  i 

a  comi)any  of  troojis  was  called  to  quell  the  mob. 

l{ej)airing  to  the  West  Indies  in   1701,  a  French 

fleet  anchored  at  the  same  island;    he  became 

alarmed  lest  he  should  be  detained  by  the  Am  ri- 

can  allies,  and  jnissed  the  fleet  concealed  ou  a 

raft   of  lumber,      lie   died   in  Gloucester  place, 

London,     lie  married  Margaret,  the  daughter  of 

Edward  Shippen   of  I'hiiadelphia,  chief  justice,  i 

and  a  loyalist.     Gen.  (ireene,  it  is  said,  was  his 

rival.      She  combined  fascinating  manners  with  , 


ASDUIIY. 

strength  of  mind.  She  died  at  London  Aug.  24, 
1N()4,  aged  -liJ.  His  sons  iXcre  men  of  projicrty 
in  Canada  in  1HL'!».  He  fought  Itravely  for  his 
country  and  he  bled  in  her  cause;  but  his  country 
owed  him  no  returns  of  gratitude,  for  his  sul)- 
sequent  conduct  ])roved,  that  he  had  no  honest 
regard  t.)  her  interests,  but  was  governed  liy 
selfish  considerations.  His  progress  from  self- 
indulgence  to  treason  was  easy  and  rajjid.  He 
was  vain  and  luxurious,  and  to  gratify  his  giddy 
desires  he  must  resort  to  meaimess,  dishonesty, 
and  extortion.  These  vices  brought  with  them 
disgrace ;  and  the  contenijit,  into  which  he  fell, 
:iwakened  a  s])irit  of  revenge,  and  left  him  to  the 
unrestrained  influence  of  his  cuj)i(lity  and  ])asslon. 
Thus  from  the  high  fame,  to  which  his  bravery 
had  elevated  him\  he  descended  into  infamy. 
Thus  too  he  furnished  new  evidence  of  the  infatu- 
ation of  the  hmnan  mind  in  attaching  such  value 
to  the  rciJUtation  of  a  soldier,  which  may  be 
obtained,  while  the  heart  is  unsound  and  every 
mond  sentiment  is  entirely  dej)raved.  —  MmshalVs 
Wdshiniitiiii,  IV.  271-200;  Warren's  Hist.  War; 
Ifolmrs;  Slnhiiini,  I.  13H,  iVM;  II.  247;  Smith's 
Xtirrnfire  of  the  Death  of  Andre;  Maine  Hist. 
Cull.  I.;  Anier.  llememb.,  1776,  part  II.  j  1778, 
part  II. 

AJIXOLD,  ri:i,i;o,  chief  justice  of  Khode 
Island,  was  a  delegate  to  Congress  under  the 
confederation,  and  then  was  ap])ointed  ju<lge.  lie 
died  at  Smithfield  Feb.  1,3,  1820,  aged  08. 

AUXOLl),  Thomas,  aj)])ointcd  chief  justice  in 
1809,  died  at  Warwick,  11.  L,  Oct.  8,  1820. 

ARXOLl),  JosiAii  Lyndon,  a  ])oet,  was  born 
at  I'rovidence  and  was  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
college  in  1788.  After  superhitending  fi)r  some 
time  the  academy  at  I'lainfield,  Conn.,  he  studied 
law  at  I'rovidenee  and  was  admitted  to  the  t)ar; 
l)ut  he  did  not  jnirsuc  the  ju'olession,  being  ap- 
pointed a  tutor  in  the  college.  On  the  death, 
^laich,  1703,  of  his  father,  Dr.  Jonathan  Arnold, 
formerly  a  member  of  Congress,  he  settled  at  St. 
Johnsbury,  Vt.,  the  ])lace  of  his  father's  residence, 
where  he  died  June  7,  179G,  aged  28  years.  His 
few  liasty  effusions  in  verse  were  jmblished  after 
his  death.  —  Specimens  of  Amer.  Poetry,  ll.  77. 
.\KXOLD,  Setii,  died  at  Westminster,  Vt., 
Aug.  0,  1849,  aged  101  years,  10  months,  —  a 
llevolutionary  jiensioner. 

AliXOLI),  Li:jili:l  IL,  governor,  died  in 
Khigston,  11.  L,  June  27,  18.'>2,  aged  59.  Born 
in  St.  Johnsbury,  he  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
in  1811,  and  left  the  bar  for  mercantile  ])ursuits. 
He  was  governor  of  Ithodc  Island  in  1831  and 
1832,  and  afterwards  a  member  of  Congress. 
Ilis  father,  Jonathan,  was  of  the  Continental 
Congress  from  Khode  Island. 

ASliL'UY,  Fkancis,  senior  bishop  of  thc' 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  in  the  United  States, 
came  to  tliis  country  in  1771  as  a  preacher,  at  the 


ASH. 


ASIIMUN. 


47 


ap;c  of  twcnty-«ix.  In  1773  tlip  firnt  minimi  con- 
ference of  the  McthodiNtN  won  hchl  nt  I'liiladclpliiii, 
when  it  coiiHistecl  of  ten  ]iiTiU'lierH  und  aUoiil 
eleven  hundred  menil)erH,  lie  wun  coMKecnited 
bishop  hy  Dr.  Coke  in  17S1.  Troni  tiiis  time  he 
travelled  yearly  thron),'h  the  United  StiiteN, 
jn'obably  ordaininjjr  three  thoimand  iircaclier.s  and 
prcachin{»  Kcventeen  thousand  sermons.  He  died 
suddenly  while  on  n  journey,  at  S|)otsylvania,  Va., 
March  31,  1810,  aj^ed  70  years.  A  letter  from  J. 
W.  Bond  to  IJisliop  M'Keiidree  gi\eH  an  account 
of  his  death, 

ASH,  John,  an  agent  of  Carolina,  was  sent  by 
tliat  colony  to  I'lnj^land  to  Heck  redress  of 
(Tricvanccs,  in  1703.  In  the  same  year  he  j)ub- 
lishcd  an  accoinit  of  the  affairs  in  Carolina. 

ASHE,  TnoMAH,  jmblishcd  in  lOH'J  a  description 
of  Carolina. 

ASHE,  Samuki,,  povcmor  of  North  Carolina, 
was  a])])ointed  chief  justice  in  1777,  and  was 
governor  from  1790  to  17!>().  lie  died  Jan.,  1813, 
aged  88  years. 

ASHLEY,  Jonathan,  minister  of  Peerfleld, 
Mass.,  was  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1730,  and 
was  ordained  in  1738.  He  died  in  1780,  aged 
67.  He  possessed  a  strong  and  discerning  mind 
and  lively  imagination,  and  was  a  ])ungent  and 
energetic  preacher.  He  ])rocliiimed  the  iloctrines 
of  grace  with  a  pathos,  which  was  the  effect,  not 
merely  of  his  assent  to  their  Divine  authority,  but 
of  a  deep  sense  of  their  importance  and  excellency. 
He  published  a  sermon  on  visible  saints,  vindicating 
Mr.  Stoddard's  sentiments  resj)ecting  church 
membership ;  a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of  John 
Norton,  Decrfiold,  1741;  the  great  duty  of 
charity,  1742;  a  letter  to  W.  Coojicr,  1740. 

ASHLEY,  John,  mnjor-gen';ral,  was  the  son 
of  Col.  John  Ashley,  one  of  the  settlers  in  1732 
of  lloussatonnoc,  afterwards  Sheffield,  died  Nov. 
6,  1799,  aged  CO.  He  descended  from  Itobert 
A.  of  Springfield',  1030, — and  was  graduated  at 
Yale  college  in  1758.  In  the  Shays'  insurrection 
he  commanded  the  force,  which  dispersed  the  in- 
surgents at  Sheffield  Feb.  20, 1  "87.  H  is  daughter 
Lydia,  married  to  11.  H.  Hinman,  died  in  18i33, 
aged  65.  — IJint.  licikuhirc,  213. 

ASHLEY,  EmvAUi),  died  at  Oroton,  Conn., 
Jan.,  1707,  aged  108. 

ASHLEY,  Wiu.iAM  H.,  general,  of  St.  Louis, 
died  March  20, 1838.  Born  in  Powhatan  county, 
Va.,  at  the  ago  of  thirty  he  emigrated  to  Missouri, 
then  upjjcr  Louisiana,  and  settled  near  the  lead 
mines.  He  was  licutenant-govcnor  of  Missouri, 
and  a  member  of  Congress  1831-33.  He  was 
respected  for  his  talents,  enterprise,  and  hitegrity. 
In  1822  he  projected  the  "mountain  ex])edition," 
uniting  the  Indian  trade  in  the  Uocky  Mountains 
with  himting  and  tra|)|)ing,  aiul  eidisted  in  the 
scheme  three  hundred  men.     Atk'r   h)sse8  by 


Indian  robberj'  and  river  disasters  he  and  his  as- 
sociates acquired  a  handsome  fortune. 

ASHMU.V,  i:i,i  I'.,  (lied  at  Northampton  May 
10,  1810.  nged  18.  Horn  in  Blandford,  he  studied 
liiw  with  Jiid^<'  Sedgwick,  and  practised  in  his 
native  town  imtil  1807.  In  IKKi  he  was  a  Senator 
of  the  I,'.  S.  A  man  once  asked  him  for  a  writ 
against  his  neighbor,  saying,  "I  will  sue  him,  for 
he  has  sued  me.  I  can  ])rove  he  had  the  ])roperty." 
But  Mr.  A.  pushed  his  inquiries,  and  asked,  if 
tiie  ])urchaser  had  ])aid  for  i;,t  ])ro])erty,  and 
extorted  the  answer,  "  There  was  nobody  jiresent, 
when  he  ])aid  uie,  and  he  can't  jirove  it."  The 
man  was  sent  away  f  ronj  the  office  with  a  scorching 
rebuke. 

ASIIMUN,  John  Hookku,  son  of  the  jireceding, 
]iroiessor  of  law  in  Harvard  iniivcrsity,  died  April 
1,  1833,  aged  32.  He  was  born  July' 3. 18(!0,  was 
graduated  at  Cainbridge  in  1818,  and  appointed 
l)rofessor  in  1829.  1  )ying  early,  "  he  had  gathered 
about  him,"  said  Judge  Story,  "  all  tht  honors, 
which  are  usually  the  harvest  of  the  ri))est  life." 

ASIIMUN,  Jkhi'DI,  agent  of  the  American 
Colonization  Society,  died  Aug.  25,  1828,  aged 
31.  He  was  born  of  pious  ])arents  in  Champlain, 
on  the  western  shore  of  the  lake  of  the  same 
name.  New  York,  in  April,  1794.  In  early  life  he 
was  an  unbeliever ;  but  it  ])leased  God  to  disclose 
to  him  the  iniquity  of  his  heart  and  his  need  of 
mercy  and  the  value  and  glory  of  the  Gospel. 
He  graduated  at  Burlington  college  in  1810,  and 
after  j)reparing  for  the  ministry  was  elected  a 
professor  in  the  theological  seminary  at  Bangor, 
Slainc,  in  which  ])lace,  however,  he  continued  but 
a  short  time,  llemoving  to  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia, he  became  a  member  of  the  Ei)iscopal 
church,  edited  the  Theological  Kepertoiy  and 
])nblished  his  memoirs  of  Samuel  Bacon.  He 
also  projected  a  monthly  journal  for  the  American 
Colonization  Society,  and  jjublished  one  number ; 
but  the  work  failed  for  want  of  jjatronage. 
Being  appoii\tcd  to  take  charge  of  a  reinforcement 
to  the  colony  at  Liberia,  he  embarked  for  Africa 
June  19,  1822,  and  arrived  at  Caj)e  ^lontserado 
Aug.  8.  He  had  authority,  in  case  he  should 
find  no  agent  there,  to  act  as  su'ih  for  I  lie  society, 
and  also  for  the  navy  department.  In  the  absence 
of  the  agents,  it  was  at  a  jieriod  of  great  difficulty, 
that  he  assumed  the  agency.  The  settlers  were 
few  and  surrounded  with  numerous  enemies.  It 
was  necessary  for  him  to  act  as  a  legislator  and 
also  as  a  soldier  and  engineer,  to  lay  out  the 
fortifications,  su]ierintending  the  construction,  and 
this  too  in  the  time  of  affliction  from  the  loss  of 
his  wife  and  while  suffering  himself  under  a  fever, 
and  to  animate  the  emigrants  to  the  resolute  jiur- 
pose  of  self-defence.  About  three  months  after 
ills  arrival,  just  as  he  was  beginning  to  recover 
I  strength,  and  while  his  whole  force  Wi's  thirty-five 


48 


ASPDmALL. 


men  and  boys,  he  vaa  attacked  at  the  dawn  of 
day,  Nov.  11,  by  eight  hundred  armed  savnRcsi 
but  by  the  energy  and  des])erBte  valor  of  the 
agent  the  aHNailantH  were  rejiulned,  with  the  loss 
of  four  colonifltH  killed  and  four  wounded,  and 
again  in  a  few  days,  when  they  returned  with 
redoubled  numbers,  were  utterly  defeated.  Here 
was  a  memorable  diHj)lay  of  heroism.  The  same 
energy,  diligence,  and  courage  were  displayed  in 
all  his  labors  for  the  benefit  of  the  colony.  AVhen 
ill  health  compelled  him  to  take  a  voyage  to 
America,  he  was  escorted  to  the  place  of  embarka- 
tion, March  26,  1828,  by  three  companies  of  the 
militia,  and  the  men,  women,  aril  children  of 
Monrona  parted  with  him  with  tears.  lie  left  a 
community  of  twelve  hundred  freemen.  The 
vessel  touched  and  landed  him  at  St.  Bartholo- 
mew's in  very  ill  health.  lie  arrived  at  New 
Haven  Aug.  10th,  a  fortnight  before  his  death. 
In  his  sickness  he  was  very  humble  and  patient. 
He  said :  "  I  have  come  here  to  die.  It  is  hard  to 
be  broken  down  by  the  slow  progress  of  disease. 
I  wish  to  be  submissive.  My  sins,  my  sins  ;  they 
seem  to  shut  me  out  from  that  comfort,  which  I 
wish  to  enjoy.  I  have  been  praying  for  light; 
and  a  little  light  has  come,  cheering  and  refresh- 
ing beyond  expression."  An  eloquent  discourse 
was  preached  by  Leonard  Bacon  at  his  funeral, 
describing  his  remarkable  character,  the  important 
influence  on  the  tribes  of  Africa  of  his  piety  and 
regard  to  justice,  and  his  great  services  for  the 
colonists.    He  was,  as  Mrs.  Sigoumey  represents, 

"  Tlielr  londer,  when  the  blast 
Of  ruthle™  wnr  swept  by ;  — 
Their  tflarher,  when  the  storm  was  past, 
Their  guide  to  worlds  on  high." 

Mr.  Gurley,  the  editor  of  the  African  Repository, 
is  preparing  an  account  of  his  life.  In  the  Re- 
pository various  communications,  wTitten  by  Mr. 
Ashman,  were  published;  his  memoirs  of  S. 
Bacon  have  been  already  mentioned. — African 
Repository,  IV.  214-224,  286;  Christian  Spec- 
tator, 11.  528 ;  N.  Y.  Mercury,  I.  13. 

ASPIXWALL,  Wii.M.\M,  M.  D.,  an  eminent 
physician,  was  bom  in  Rrookline,  Mass.,  in  June, 
1743,  and  graduated  at  Cambridge  in  1764.  His 
ancestor,  I'eter,  was  the  first  settler  in  Brookline 
in  1650.  Dr.  Aspinwall  studied  his  profes.sion 
with  Dr.  B.  Gale  of  Connecticut,  and  at  Philadel- 
phia, where  he  received  his  medical  degree  in 
1768.  In  the  war  of  the  Revolution  he  acted  as 
a  surgeon  in  the  army.  In  the  bottle  of  Lexing- 
ton he  served  as  a  volunteer,  and  bore  from  the 
field  the  corpse  of  his  townsman,  Isaac  Gardner, 
Esq.,  whose  daughter  he  afterwards  married. 
After  the  death  of  Dr.  Boylston  he  engaged  in 
the  business  of  inoculating  for  the  small  pox,  and 
erected  hospitals  for  the  purpose.  Perhaps  no 
man  in  America  ever  inoculated  so  many,  or  had 


ATHERTON. 

such  reputation  for  skill  in  that  disease.  Yet, 
when  the  vaccine  inoculation  was  introduced, 
after  a  projier  trial  he  acknowledged  its  etticacy 
and  relinquished  his  own  ])rofital)le  establishment. 
For  forty-five  years  he  had  extensive  ]jractice, 
frequently  riding  on  horseback  forty  miles  a  day. 
In  his  youth  he  lost  the  use  of  one  eye ;  in  his 
old  age  a  cataract  deprived  him  of  the  other. 
He  died  April  16,  1823,  in  his  8()th  year,  in  the 
peace  of  one,  who  had  long  jjrofessed  the  religion 
of  Jesus  Christ  and  practised  its  duties.  At  the 
bed  of  sickness  he  was  accustomed  to  give  re- 
ligious counsel.  His  testimony  in  favor  of  the 
gospel  he  regorded  as  his  best  legacy  to  his  chil- 
dren. In  his  pohtical  views  he  was  decidedly 
democratic  or  rcpubUcan ;  yet  he  was  not  a  per- 
secutor, and  when  in  the  council,  he  resisted  the 
measures  of  the  riolent.  He  was  anxious,  that 
wise  and  good  men  should  bear  sway,  and  that 
all  benevolent  and  rcUgious  institutions  should  be 
per])etuated.  His  son  of  the  same  name  suc- 
ceeded him  in  his  profession.  Another  son.  Col. 
Thomas  Aspinwall,  lost  an  arm  ir  the  war  of 
1812  and  was  afterwards  appointed  consul  at 
London.  —  7'hncher's  Medical  liiography. 

ASPLUND,  John,  died  in  Maryland  in  1807. 
Bom  a  Swede,  he  was  a  Baptist  minister  in  Caro- 
lina in  1782.  He  was  drowned  from  a  canoe  in 
Maryland.  With  great  labor  he  prepared  the 
Register  of  the  Baptist  churches  in  1791  and 
1794. 

ASTOR,  John  Jacob,  died  in  New  York  March 
29,  1848,  aged  84.  He  was  born  in  Waldrop, 
near  Heidelberg,  of  humble  parents,  and  came  to 
Baltimore  in  1784,  commencing  business  as  a 
fur-trader.  He  made  frequent  voyages  up  the 
Mohawk  to  trade  with  the  Indians,  and  extended 
his  business  to  the  Columbia  river,  founding  As- 
toria. W.  Irring  has  recorded  the  over-land 
journeys  projected  by  him  to  the  Pacific.  Pre- 
\ious  to  the  war  of  1812  he  had  ships  in  the 
Canton  trade:  their  safe  arrival  during  the  war 
gave  him  enormous  wealth.  He  pim:hased  Amer- 
ican stocks  at  sixty  to  seventy  cents,  which  after 
the  war  were  worth  twenty  jier  cent,  above  par. 
His  cliief  wealth  was  from  the  piu-chase  of  real 
estate. 

ATHERTON,  Hujiphrey,  major-general,  came 
to  this  country  about  the  year  1636,  succeeded 
Robert  Sedgwick  in  his  military  office  in  1654, 
and  was  much  employed  in  negotiations  with  the 
Indians.  He  died  in  consequence  of  a  fall  from 
his  horse  Sept.  17,  1661.  His  residence  was  at 
Dorchester.  Among  his  children  are  the  names 
of  Rest,  Increase,  Thankful,  Hope,  Consider, 
Watching,  and  Patience.  —  Hope,  a  graduate  of 
1665,  was  the  first  minister  of  Hatfield.  As 
chaplain  he  was  at  the  Indian  battle  in  Montague, 
May  18,  1676.  —  Farmer's  Genealogical  Regis- 
ter ;  Savage's  Wintkrop,  II.  137. 


^^^jv^     , 


\' 


(casc.  Yfit, 
introduced, 
its  efficacy 
tabliNhmcnt. 
vc  jjractice, 
niilcN  a  day. 
eye  J  in  his 
r  the  other, 
year,  in  the 
the  religion 
C8.  At  the 
to  p-ive  re- 
avor  of  the 
,•  to  his  chil- 
is decidedly 
I  not  a  per- 
resistcd  the 
nxious,  that 
ly,  and  that 
IS  should  be 
name  suc- 
ler  son,  Col. 
the  war  of 
1  consul  at 
nphy. 

md  in  1807. 
iter  in  Caro- 
1  a  canoe  in 
repared  the 
a  1701   and 

York  March 
n  Waldroj), 
and  came  to 
sincss  as  a 
iges  up  the 
id  extended 
bunding  As- 
e  over-land 
acific.  Pre- 
ihips  in  the 
ing  the  war 
lased  Amer- 
which  after 
above  par. 
[lase  of  real 

eneral,  came 

S,  succeeded 

ice  in  1604, 

3ns  with  the 

a  fall  from 

ence  was  at 

the  names 

Consider, 

graduate  of 

atficld.    As 

1  Montague, 

deal  llegis- 


ATIIEIITON. 

ATIir.HTON,  CiiAni.KS  II.,  an  eminent  law- 
yer, (lii'd  at  AnihcrNt,  X.  H.,  Jan.  8,  18j3,  aged 
70,  a  graduate  of  Iliir\ard  in  1704.  He  was  a 
nicmliiT  of  CongrcNM  lSlo-1817,  and  register  of 
probate  thirty-nine  years. 

ATlIi;]iTOX,  CllAKLKS  G.,  son  of  the  pre- 
ceding, died  in  Nashua  Nov.  15,  18.')3,  aged  53,  a 
graduate  of  Harvard  in  1822.  He  was  a  repre- 
sentative in  Congress  1837-184.'),  and  a  senator 
from  1HI3  till  his  dcatii.  He  left  a  widow,  but 
no  children  to  inherit  an  estate  of  200,000  or 
300,(100  dollars. 

ATKINS,  He-NRY,  a  na^^gator,  sailed  from 
Boston  in  tlie  shij)  "Whale,  on  a  voyage  to  Davis' 
Straits,  in  1729.  In  this  and  in  subsequent  voy- 
ages for  the  purpose  of  trade  witli  the  Indians, 
the  lust  of  which  was  made  in  1758,  he  explored 
much  of  the  coast  of  Labrador.  A  short  account 
of  his  observations  was  published  in  tlie  first  vol- 
ume of  Mass.  Historical  Collections. 

ATKINS,  Elisha,  minister  of  Killingly,  died 
June  1 1, 1839,  aged  80,  formerly  a  chaplain  in  the 
army. 

ATKINSON,  Theodore,  chief  justice  of  New 
Ilamjjshire,  was  bom  at  New  Castle,  son  of  Col. 
Theodore  Atkinson,  and  graduated  at  Har\-ard 
college  in  1718.  lie  sustained  many  pub] ic  offi- 
ces, civil  and  military;  was  secretary  in  1741;  a 
delegate  to  the  congress  at  Albany  in  1754,  and 
chief  justice  in  the  same  year.  Tlie  Kevolution 
deprived  him  of  the  offices  of  judge  and  secre- 
tary. Ho  died  in  1770,  bcqucatliing  200  pounds 
to  the  Episcopal  church,  the  interest  to  be  ex- 
pended in  bread  for  the  i)oor.  distributed  on  the 
Sabbath.  —  Adams'  Annals  of  I'orismuuth,  269. 

ATKINSON,  Israel,  an  eminent  ])hysician, 
was  a  native  of  Harvard,  Mass.,  and  graduated  at 
Cambridge  in  1762.  He  settled  in  1765,  at  Lan- 
caster, where  he  died  July  20,  1822,  aged  82. 
For  some  years  he  was  the  only  j)hysician  in  the 
county  of  Worcester,  who  had  been  well  edu- 
cated.—  Thndier's  Medical  Biography. 

ATKINSON,  Henry,  brigadier-general,  died 
near  St.  Louis  June  20,  1842,  aged  60.  lie  en- 
tered the  army  in  1808. 

ATLEE,  Samuel  John,  colonel,  commanded 
a  Pennsylvania  company  in  the  French  war  and  a 
regiment  in  the  war  of  the  llevolution,  and  ac- 
quired great  honor  in  the  battle  on  Long  Island, 
though  taken  prisoner  and  subject  to  a  long  cap- 
tivity. Afterwards  he  acted  as  commissioner  to 
treat  with  the  Indians.  In  1780  he  was  elected 
to  Congress  and  was  on  the  committee  concern- 
ing the  mutiny  of  the  Pennsylvania  troops  in 
1781.  His  usual  residence  was  at  Lancaster. 
He  died  at  Philadelphia  in  Nov.,  1786,  aged  48. 

ATLEE,  WiLLLiM  ArcusTUS,  a  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  and  president  of  the  common  pleas 
for  Lancaster  and  other  counties,  died  at  his  seat 
on  the  Susquehanna  Sept.  9,  1793.  —  Jennison, 


AUDUBON. 


49 


AT^VI:LL,  Li'CRETIA,  Mrs.,  died  at  Mont^•il^ 
Conn.,  Nov.  1,  1851,  aged  102;  retaining  all  her 
laeulties  to  the  day  of  her  death. 

ATWELL,  Zachariaii,  cajjtain,  died  at  Lynn 
in  1847,  aged  67.  Crossing  the  Atlantic  seventy 
times,  he  never  lost  a  man. 

AT  wool ),  Mauy,  tlie  mother  of  Harriet  Newell, 
died  in  Boston  July  4,  1853,  aged  84.  She  was 
the  daugliter  of  Thomas  Tcnney  of  l^ast  Brad- 
ford, of  an  eminent  family,  and  married  in  1788 
Moses  A 'wood,  a  merchant  of  ILiverhill,  who 
died  in  ,  ^^08.  The  whole  care  of  her  family 
now  rested  upon  her ;  but  she  was  diligent,  pru- 
dent, prayerlul.  When  her  daughter  asked  her 
consent  to  quit  her  country  in  the  cause  of  Christ, 
she  resigned  the  beloved  one  to  her  work.  In 
the  course  of  her  life  her  home  was  with  her 
children  in  Medford,  Newton,  Pittsburg,  Oranby, 
and  Philadeli)hia  ;  and  widely  apart  did  she  bury 
most  of  them,  to  be  gathered  together  in  glory 
eternal.  The  Journal  of  Missions  for  Sej)t.,  1853, 
has  a  beautiful  piece  of  poetry  on  her  death. 

AUCHMUTY,  lloRERT,  an  eminent  lawyer, 
died  in  1750.  He  was  of  Scottish  descent,  and 
after  his  education  at  Dublin  studied  law  at  the 
Temple.  He  came  to  Boston  in  early  life;  and 
on  the  death  of  Mr.  Menzics  was  appointed  judge 
of  the  court  of  admiralty  in  1703,  but  held  the 
place  only  a  few  months.  In  1740  he  was  one 
of  the  directors  of  the  Land  Bank  bubl)le,  or 
Manufacturing  Company,  in  which  the  father  of 
Samuel  Adams  was  involved.  When  sent  to 
England  as  agent  for  the  colony  on  the  boundary 
question  with  Rhode  Island,  he  projected  the 
expedition  to  Cape  Breton,  ])ublishing  a  pam- 
j)hlet,  entitled,  "  the  importance  of  Cape  Breton  to 
the  British  nation,  and  a  jilan  for  taking  the 
place."  On  the  death  of  Byfield  he  was  again 
appointed  j  udge  of  admiralty  in  1 733.  Ilis  daugh- 
ter married  Mr.  Pratt.  His  son  vSamucl  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  college  in  1742,  was  an  Episcopal 
minister  in  New  Y^ork,  and  received  the  degree 
of  doctor  in  divinity  from  OxI'ord.  He  died 
March  3,  1777 ;  and  his  son.  Sir  Samuel,  heut.- 
general  in  the  British  army,  died  in  1822.  — His 
name  is  introduced  in  the  versification  of  Hugh 
Gaine's  petition,  Jan.  1,  1783.  He  is  alluded  to 
also  in  Trumbull's  M'Fingal.  His  other  son, 
Robert,  a  most  interesting,  persuasive  pleader, 
defended,  with  John  Adams,  Cajit.  Preston.  He 
had  previously  been  ai)])ointed  judge  of  admiralty 
in  1768.  His  letters,  with  Hutchinson's,  were 
sent  to  America  by  Franklin  in  1773.  Like  his 
brother,  he  was  a  zealous  royalist,  and  left  Amer- 
ica in  1776.  He  'lied  in  England. — Jennison, 
Manuscripts;  Thomas,  llASH;  Hutchinson's  Last 
History,  401 ;  Eliot, 

AUDUBON,  JoiiN  JAMES,  died  at  Minn'  sland, 
near  New  York,  Jan.  27,  1851,  aged  71.  Born 
of  French  parents  at  New  Orleans,  he  was  edu- 


50 


AUSTIN. 


catcd  nt  PariH.  As  early  ns  1810  he  went  down 
the  Ohio  in  nn  open  Inrnt  in  Kcareli  of  ii  forest 
homo,  llis  life  wiiH  a  life  of  adventure  and  ro- 
mantic interest,  liaidly  a  rcfiion  of  the  I'liited 
StateH  liein)^  unviNited  l)y  him  in  his  ornlthoio^^'ieal 
purKuitt).  He  puhlitihed  a  njdendid  work, —  Hirds 
of  America,  from  orifjinal  (lra\vin(j;s,  folio;  also 
()rnith(do;,'ical  liiof,'rai>hy,  Hvo.  is;jl. 

AUSTIN,  Hli.viAM'.N,  a  jiolitical  writer,  died  in 
Boston  May  1,  IN'JO,  ajjed  (iS.  He  early  cNponsed 
the  democratic  or  re|)nl)lican  side  in  the  ])olitieal 
controversy,  which  ra;?ed  during  the  administra- 
tion of  John  Adams.  He  was  liold,  unf!inehin>,', 
uncompromisiiif;.  He  assailed  others  for  their 
political  errors;  and  he  was  himself  tradnced 
with  the  utmost  virulence.  I'erhajjs  no  man  ever 
met  such  a  tide  of  ohloquy.  Yet  many,  wiio  once 
detested  his  ])arty,  have  since  united  themselves 
to  it.  After  the  triumj)h  of  Mr.  Jefferson,  he 
was  ai)i)ointed,  without  soliciting  the  place,  com- 
mi.ssioner  of  loans  for  Mass.  In  ISOO  his  son, 
Charles  Austin,  wl' in  attempting  to  chastise  Mr. 
Snlfridgc  for  ahuae  of  his  father,  was  by  him  shot 
and  killed  in  the  streets  of  Uostoii.  Mr.  8.  was 
tried  and  ac(juitted.  His  jiolitical  writings,  with 
the  signature  of  "  Old  South,"  pulilished  in  the 
Chronicle,  were  collected  into  a  volume,  entitled 
"  Constitutional  Jtepublieauism,"  Hvo.  18UU. 

AUSTIN,  Jonathan  Uohi.no,  died  in  Boston 
May  10,  182G,  aged  7H.  He  rendered  important 
services  in  the  llevolution.  Born  in  Boston  Jan. 
2,  1748,  he  v\as  graduated  in  1760;  was  a  mer- 
chant and  secretary  cf  the  hoard  of  war  in  Mas- 
sachusetts. He  was  sent  to  I'aris  in  1777  with 
news  to  our  commissioners  of  the  capture  of  Bur- 
goyne :  presenting  a  note  to  Dr.  Chauncy's  church 
for  a  safe  voyage,  th'!  Doctor,  wlio  was  somewhat 
unskilful,  prayed,  that  whatever  might  become  of 
the  young  man,  the  packet  might  be  sale.  For 
two  years  in  I'aris  he  was  Franklin's  secretary. 
A  large  cake  was  once  sent  to  the  aj)artment  of 
the  comiiiissioners,  inscribed — "Ledigne  Frank- 
lin,"—  the  worthy  Franklin.  F  immediately  re- 
marked—  "The  present  is  for  all  of  us — these 
French  jieoplc  cannot  write  I'higlisli  i  they  mean 
Lee,  Deane,  Franklin." 

As  the  agent  of  Franklin  he  spent  two  years 
in  London  in  the  family  of  the  Earl  of  Shel- 
burne.  On  his  return  in  May,  1779,  he  was  lib- 
erally rewarded  by  Congress.  Li  1780  in  going 
to  Sjjain  as  an  agent  of  the  state  he  was  cap- 
tured and  carried  to  England.  He  was  secretary 
and  treasurer  of  the  state,  and  an  exemplary 
member  of  the  church.  His  son,  James  T.  Austin, 
was  attorney-general  in  1832. 

AUSTIN,  Moses,  an  enterjjrising  settler  in 
upper  Louisiana,  was  a  native  of  Durham,  Conn., 
and  after  residing  in  Philadeljihia  and  Richmond 
emigrated  to  the  west  with  his  family  in  1798, 
having  obtained  a  considerable  grant  of  land 


AUSTIN. 

from  the  Spanish  governor.  Ho  commenced  the 
business  of  nn'ning  at  Mine  an  Breton,  and  cre- 
ated there  a  town  ;  but  Iji-coming  eml)arrassod  i)y 
his  spicidatioiiM,  he  sold  his  estate  and  jiurchasod 
a  largo  tract  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  Colorado, 
in  Mexico.  J'lre  his  arrangements  for  removal 
were  comiilotod,  he  dio<l  in  1821.  Jlelieving  the 
gos])el,  he  jjlaccd  his  ho])es  of  future  ha]ipinesH 
on  the  atonement  of  the  Saviour.  —  Schuitlvraft's 
Tnin/x,  1821,  p.  2;i9-2iiO. 

AUSTIN,  Samiki.,  D.  D.,  president  of  the  uni- 
versity of  Vermont,  was  horn  at  New  Haven, 
graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1783,  and  ordained, 
as  the  successor  of  Allyn  Mather,  at  Fairhaven, 
Conn.,  Nov.  9,  178(5,  but  was  dismissed  Jan.  19, 
1790.  He  was  afterwards  for  many  years  ])astor 
of  a  church  in  AVorcester,  Mass.  He  was  hut  a 
lew  years  at  the  head  of  the  college  in  Burling- 
ton. After  his  resignation  of  that  ])lace  he  was 
not  resettled  in  the  ministry.  He  died  at  Gloa- 
tenbury,  Conn.,  Dec.  4,  1830,  aged  70  years. 
His  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Hopkins  of  Ilad- 
ley.  He  was  eminently  pious  and  distinguished 
as  a  minister.  With  three  other  ministers  ho 
was  the  projector  of  the  ^lassachusetts  mission- 
ary society,  and  was  active  in  originating  the 
Mass.  general  association.  Much  might  be  said 
of  his  high  intellectual  character,  of  his  zeal  and 
eloquence,  his  charity,  influence,  and  usefulness. 
But  for  the  last  three  years  it  pleased  God  to 
cast  a  thick  cloud  over  his  mind,  so  that  he  was 
in  a  state  of  despondence  and  sometimes  in 
jjaroxysms  of  horror.  His  last  words  in  prayer 
were,  "  Blessed  Jesus !  sanctify  me  wholly." 

He  jmblished  two  inijjortant  works ;  a  view  of 
the  church,  and  theological  essays :  also  letters 
on  baptism,  examining  Merrill's  seven  sermons, 
1805;  reply  to  Merrill's  twelve  letters,  1800;  and 
the  following  sermons,  —  on  disinterested  love, 
1790;  ordination  and  installation  of  S.Worces- 
ter; on  the  death  of  Mrs.  Blair,  1792;  Mass. 
missionary,  18C3;  dedication  at  Hadley;  ordina- 
tion of  W.  Fay,  J.  M.  AVhiton,  N.  Nelson,  G.  S. 
Olds ;  at  a  fast",  1811 ;  at  two  fasts,  1812  ;  view  of 
the  economy  of  the  church. 

AUSTIN,  David,  died  in  Norwich,  Conn.,  Feb. 
5, 1831,  aged  71.  His  father  was  collector  of  the 
customs  and  a  merchant  in  New  Haven.  —  He 
graduated  in  1779.  After  travelling  abroad  he 
was  ordained  at  Elizahethtown,  N.  J.,  in  1788. 
His  wife,  Lydia  Lathron  of  Norwich,  was  the 
daughter  of  a  man  of  wealth.  An  illness  of  the 
scarlet  fever  in  179o,  it  is  8ui)i)osed,  affected  his 
reason.  He  predicted  the  second  coming  of 
Christ  on  th-  fourth  Sunday  of  May,  1790.  As 
the  event  did  not  cure  him  of  his  delusion,  the 
presbytery  dismissed  him  in  1 797.  By  building 
houses  for  the  Jews,  who,  he  thought,  were 
coming  to  New  Haven,  he  incurred  debts,  for 
which  he  was  imprisoned.     Recovering  his  reason, 


AVKUY. 


IJACKUS. 


61 


lie  WHS  tlic  miiiiNtcr  of  Ho/rnh  from  181")  till  IiIh  ! 
(liMili.  lie  |ml)li^lic'(l  in  four  vols,  the  "  Aiiu'riian  [ 
I'ltiiiiicr,"  l)y  \.oiiiii-i  miiiisti'i's,  uiid  tlif  "  Down- 1 
III  11  of  llaUyfon."— 0/)«,T/vr,  .1)/,/.  11,  1H14. 

AVllUY,  John,  n  niinisfiT,  caini'  to  this  conn- 
try  in  KiU.i.  \\'liili'  sailing;  from  Nt'whnry  towards 
Marbli'licad,  whciv  hi'  proposi'd  to  settli.',  lie  was 
shipwri'C'ki'd  in  u  violent  storm  An>f.  H,  UV.i't,  on 
a  rocky  island,  called  'riuichcr's  woe  and  Avery's 
fall,  and  died  with  his  wife  and  six  children. — 
Mr,  A.  Thacher  escaped.  —  His  last  words  were ; 
"  I  can  lay  no  claim  to  deliverance  from  this 
danj^er,  hut  throuj;h  the  Hatisfaction  of  Christ  I 
can  lay  claim  to  heaven  :  this,  Lord,  I  entreat  of 
thee." —  Mnijmtl.  III.  77  ;  Siivotje,  I.  Kio  ;  Elint. 

AVKUY,  William,  Dr.,  died  in  Dedlmm  ahout 
1GH7,  havin)^  lived  there  as  early  as  lO.J.').  Of 
his  fjrandchildren,  Joseph  was  the  first  minister 
of  Norton  from  1714  to  1770,  and  John  the  first 
minister  of  Truro,  dying  hi  17.J4,  aged  ahout  70. 
Jtev.  David  A.  of  llolden  and  Rev.  Daniel  A.  of 
Wrenthain  were  also  his  descendants. 

AXTELl,,  lInNiiY,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Geneva, 
N.  v.,  was  born  at  Mendham,  N.  J.,  in  1773,  and 
graduated  at  Princeton  in  1790.  lie  went  to 
Geneva  soon  after  the  settlement  of  that  j)art  of 
the  state,  and  was  very  useful.  At  the  time  of 
lus  ordination  in  1812  his  church  consisted  of 
seventy  members :  at  the  time  of  his  death  of 
about  400.  In  two  revivals  his  labors  had  been 
jjarticularly  blessed.  He  died  ]"eb.  11,  1829, 
aged  iio.  His  eldest  daughter  was  placed  in  the 
same  grave. 

UACIIE,  lliniAHD,  postmaster-general  of  the 
United  States,  was  ai)])ointed  in  the  place  of  Dr. 
Franklin  in  Nov.  1770,  and  wiis  succeeded  by 
Mr.  Hazard  hi  1782.  A  native  of  England,  he 
came  in  early  life  to  this  country,  and  was  at  the 
beginning  of  the  devolution  chairman  of  the  re- 
])ublican  society  in  Philadelphia.  He  married  in 
1707  Sally,  the  only  daughter  of  Dr.  Franklin, 
who  died  in  Oct.,  1808;  he  died  at  Settle  in  the 
county  of  Berks,  Penn.,  July  29, 1811,  aged  74. 

liACIIE,  IliCNJAMix  Fu.v.\KLiy,  a  i)rintcr,  died 
in  1799.  He  was  the  son  of  the  preceding,  and 
accompanied  Dr.  Franklin  to  Paris,  where  he 
completed  bis  education  as  n  i)rinter  and  fomidcr 
in  tlio  iirinthig  house  of  the  celebrated  Didot. 
After  bis  return  in  178,j  he  pursued  witli  honor 
his  studies  at  the  college  of  Philade!];hia.  In 
Oct.,  1790,  he  commenced  the  jniblication  of  the 
General  Advertiser,  the  name  of  which  was  after- 
wards changed  to  that  of  the  Aurora,  —  a  paper, 
which  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Ilache  and  his 
successor,  Mr.  Duane,  exerted  a  powerful  influ- 
ence on  the  politics  of  the  country  in  hostility  to 
the  two  first  administrations.  His  widow  married 
Mr.  Duane.  —  JeniiiKdii'n  jVnniixm'itfs. 

BACIIE,  GicoKCii:  :M.,  a  lieutenant  in  the  navy, 
was  swept  from  the  deck  of  his  ship  off  Cajie  llat- 


teras  in  a  hurricane  S('])f.  8, 1810.  He  had  toiled 
for  eight  years  in  a  scientilic  coast-survey,  being 
chief  of  u  h\drogriiphic  parly.  He  was  a  native 
of  Philadelphia. 

ItACHI,  PlKTKO,  died  in  IJostim  Aug.  22, 18.j;), 
aged  00.  Horn  in  Sicily,  he  came  to  this  country 
in  I82'j  and  was  teacher  of  Ituliuii  ut  Harvu:d 
from  1820  to  1840. 

ll.VC'KL'S,  Is.vAC,  a  distinguished  llaiitist  min- 
ister of  Massachusetts,  died  Nov.  20,  1800,  aged 
82.  He  was  born  at  Norwich  in  Connecticut,  in 
1724.  In  1741,  a  year  memorable  for  the  revival 
of  religi(m  through  this  country,  his  attention 
was  first  arrested  by  the  concerns  of  another 
world,  and  he  was  brought,  as  he  believed,  to  the 
knowledge  of  the  truth,  as  it  is  in  Jesus.  In 
1740  he  commenced  j)reaehing  the  gosjiel;  and 
A])ril  II),  1748,  he  was  ordained  first  minister  of 
a  Congregational  church  in  Titicut  precinct,  in  the 
town  of  Middleborough,  Mass.  This  society  was 
formed  in  Feb.,  174U,  in  consequence  of  disputes 
with  regard  to  the  settlement  of  a  minister.  The 
members  of  it  wished  for  a  minister  of  dilfercnt 
sentiments  from  the  man,  who  was  settled,  and, 
as  they  could  not  obtain  a  dismission  from  the 
church  by  an  ecclesiastical  council,  at  the  end 
of  five  years  they  withdrew  without  this  sanction, 
and  formed  a  chitfch  by  themselves  in  Feb.,  1748. 
The  society,  however,  w^as  not  jiermitted  now  to 
rest  in  peace,  for  they  were  taxed  with  the  other 
inhabitants  of  the  town  for  the  jjurjjose  of  build- 
ing a  new  meeting-house  for  the  first  church. 

In  1749  a  number  of  the  members  of  Mr. 
Backus'  church  altered  their  sentiments  with  re- 
gard to  baptism,  and  obtained  an  exemjjtion  from 
the  congregational  tax ;  and  he  at  length  united 
with  them  in  ojjinion.  lie  was  baptized  by  im- 
mersion in  August,  1751.  F'or  some  years  after- 
wards he  held  communion  with  those,  who  were 
bajjtized  in  infancy,  but  he  withdrew  from  this 
intercourse  with  Christians  of  other  denomina- 
tions. A  Bajjlist  church  was  fcn-med  Jan.  10, 
1750,  and  he  was  installed  its  pastor  Juno  23  of 
the  same  year  by  ministers  from  Boston  ai:d  Re- 
hoboth.  In  this  relation  he  contisiucd  through 
the  remainder  of  his  life.  He  had  been  enabled 
to  ])reach  nearly  sixty  years  until  the  spring  before 
his  death,  when  he  exjjerienced  a  paralytic  stroke, 
which  deprived  him  of  sjieech,  and  of  the  use  of 
his  limbs. 

Mr.  Backus  was  a  i)lain,  evangelical  preacher, 
without  any  jirctensions  to  eloquence.  It  may  be 
ascribed  to  his  natural  diffidence  that,  when 
jjreaching  or  conversing  on  ini])ortant  subjects, 
he  was  in  the  habit  of  shutting  his  eyes.  To  his 
exertions  the  Baptist  churches  in  America  owe 
not  a  little  of  their  jjresent  flourishing  condition. 
He  was  ever  a  zealous  friend  to  the  equal  rights 
of  Cliristians.  When  the  Congress  met  at  Phil- 
adelpliia  in  1774,  he  was  sent  as  an  agent  from 


62 


BACKUS. 


UACKL'S. 


the  naptlHt  cliurt'hcs  of  tliu  Wiirrcn  nsNoriutiim 
to  Hujijiort  tlii'ir  claiiiis  t.i  tlu'  -ami' ('i)iiiil  lilicr- 
ticH,  wlildi  (iu;;lit  to  III'  jtivt'ii  to  t'vi'ry  ili'iiomiim- 
tion.  In  Oi'tolicr  hi'  liail  n  coiiliTriici'  witli  tin- 
MnsHacliiisi'ttK  (Irlc^alidii  and  ntlirrs,  at  wliich  he 
conti'iiili'il  Dhly  Cor  llii^  Hanii'  privili  f^'CH,  wliicli 
were  pvi'ii  to  llif  clmri'lics  in  itosiuii ;  anil  lie 
receivt'd  thu  ]>romiKf,  that  the  rijjhts  of  the 
Ua]»tisl«  Nlionld  lie  rej^ariled.  On  his  iituiii,  as  a 
roiiort  had  iirerriU'd  Iiiin,  that  he  had  lieen  at- 
temptinjf  to  lireak  ii|i  the  union  of  the  colonies, 
he  address!  d  himself  to  the  convention  of  MasN. 
Dec.  9,  and  a  vcte  was  iKcsed,  ileila''Mi>,'  his  con- 
duct to  have  been  correct.  Whi'it  the  convention 
in  177!)  took  into  consideration  the  constitution 
of  the  state,  the  su'iject  of  the  extent  of  the  civil 
power  in  rejjard  to  relif,'ion  naturally  presented 
itself,  and  iu  the  course  of  deliate  the  ])erfecf 
correctness  of  the  IJajilist  memorial,  which  was 
read  at  I'liilaiUljihli,  was  called  in  question.  In 
conseipience  of  which  Mr.  Hackus  jiulilished  in 
the  C'hronicli  of  Dec.  lid  n  narrative  of  his  ])ri)- 
ceediiifjs  as  Itaptist  affcnt.anil  lirou^dit  ar;,nmieiits 
afj;ainst  an  article  in  llic  hill  of  ri;,'lils  of  the  con- 
stitution of  MasKachiisctts.  lie  helieved,  that  the 
civil  authority  had  no  ri;;ht  to  retpiiro  men  to 
support  a  teacher  of  piety,  morality,  and  relijjion, 
or  to  attend  public  worNhij) ;  that  the  church 
ouglit  to  have  no  connection  with  the  state  j  that 
the  kingdom  of  the  Lord  Jesus  was  not  of  this 
world,  and  was  not  dependent  on  the  kingdoms 
of  this  world  j  and  that  the  sulijcct  of  religion 
should  bo  left  entirely  to  the  consciences  of 
men. 

The  publications  of  Mr.  Backus  arc  more 
numerous,  than  those  of  any  other  liaptist  writer 
in  America.  An  abridgement  of  the  whole  work 
was  jiublished  in  one  volume,  when  the  author 
was  80  years  of  age. 

Little  can  be  said  in  commendation  of  his 
three  volumes  of  the  history  of  the  ]ia])tists,  of 
wliich  he  jiublislied  an  abridgment,  brought 
down  to  1801.  It  contains  indeed  many  facte, 
for  which  the  jjublic  is  indebted  to  the  patient  in- 
dustry of  the  writer,  and  it  must  be  a  very  valu- 
able work  to  the  Baptists,  as  it  presents  a  minute 
account  of  almost  every  church  of  that  denom- 
ination in  New  England.  But  these  facts  are 
combined  without  much  attention  to  the  connec- 
tion, which  ought  to  subsist  between  them,  and 
the  author  shows  himself  too  much  under  the  in- 
fluence of  the  zeal  of  party.  —  Backus'  Church 
Uisiorii,  in.  139-141!  lienedict,  II.  267-274. 

BACKUS,  Cii.viii.LS,  D.  D.,  an  eminent  minister, 
was  born  in  Norwich,  Conn.,  in  1749.  He  lost 
his  parents  in  his  childhood,  but,  as  he  early  dis- 
covered a  love  of  science,  his  friends  assisted  him 
to  a  liberal  education.  lie  was  graduated  at 
Yale  college  in  1709.  Ilis  theological  education 
was  directed  by  Dr.  Hart  of  Preston.    In  1774 


lie  was  ordaini<l  to  the  jiastoral  charge  of  the 
chiiri'li  in  Sinners,  in  which  town  lie  rcMiaiiu'd  till 
his  death  Dec.  .'JO,  lN(i:),  alh'r  i.  faithful  ministry 
of  more  than  twentN-nine  years.  In  the  hist 
year  of  his  residence  at  colli".;i'  the  mind  of  Dr. 
Dackiis  was  impressed  by  Divine  truth,  and, 
although  his  conduct  had  not  been  inunoral,  he 
was  deeply  convinced  of  his  sinfulness  in  the 
sight  of  (jlod.  He  was  for  a  lime  opposed  to  the 
doctrines  of  the  gosjiel,  jiarticularly  to  the  doc- 
trine of  the  aloneinent,  and  of  the  de|)endence 
of  man  ujion  the  sjiecial  inHiienceK  of  the  Holy 
Spirit  to  renew  his  heart.  But  at  last  his  pride 
was  humbled,  and  he  was  brought  to  an  acquaint- 
ance with  the  way  of  salvation  by  a  crucified  l{e- 
deemer.  From  this  time  he  indulged  the  lioj;© 
that  he  was  reconciled  unto  God.  A  humlile  and 
an  exemplary  Christian,  under  the  afllictioiis  of 
life  he  quietly  submitted  to  the  will  of  his  Fathe" 
in  heaven.  He  was  a  ]ilain,  evangelical,  imjiressivo 
preacher.  Knowing  the  worth  of  immortal  souls, 
he  taught  with  the  greatest  clearness  the  way  of 
.salvation  through  faith  in  the  Kedeenier,  and 
enforced  upon  his  hearers  that  holiness,  without 
which  no  man  can  see  the  Lord.  During  his 
ministry  there  were  four  seasons  of  peculiar  atten- 
tion to  religion  among  his  peojile.  Dr.  Backus 
was  eminent  as  a  theologian.  His  retired  situa- 
tion and  his  eminence  as  an  instructor  drew 
around  him  many,  who  were  designed  for  the 
Christian  ministry.  Nearly  fifty  young  men  were 
members  of  his  theological  school,  among  whom 
were  Drs.  Woods,  Church,  Hyde,  Moore,  Davis, 
Lovell,  and  Cooley.  He  refused  invitations  to  the 
theological  chair  in  Dartmouth  and  Yale.  His 
only  child,  a  son,  a  member  of  college,  died  in 
1794.  He  was  a  very  fervent,  eloquent,  extempo- 
raneous ])reacher.  In  his  last  sickness  he  had 
much  of  the  Divine  presence.  The  last  words, 
which  he  was  heard  to  whisper,  were,  "  Glory  to 
God  in  the  highest,  and  on  earth  peace,  good 
will  towards  men."  He  jiublished  the  following 
sermons:  at  the  ordination  of  A.  Backus,  1791; 
of  F.  lievnolds,  1795 ;  of  J.  llussell,  Princeton, 
and  T.  m!  Cooley,  1796  j  of  J.  H.  Church  and  T. 
Snell,  1798;  of  Z.  S.  Moore  and  V.  Gould;  on 
death  of  J.  Howard,  1785;  of  M.  Chapin,  1794; 
of  Mrs.  Prudden ;  of  six  young  persons,  drowned 
at  Wilbraham,  1799;  to  free  masons,  1795;  five 
on  the  truth  of  the  Bible,  1797 ;  century  sermon, 
1801 ;  a  volume  on  regeneration. 

BACKUS,  AzEL,  D.  D.,  president  of  Ham- 
ilton college,  died  Dec.  28,  1816,  aged  51. 
He  was  the  son  of  Jabez  Backus  of  Norwich, 
Conn.  His  father  bequeathed  to  him  a  farm  in 
Franklin,  which,  he  says,  "  I  wisely  exchanged  for 
an  education  in  college."  He  was  graduated  at 
Yale  in  1787.  While  in  college  he  was  a  deist; 
but  his  uncle  and  friend,  Charles  Backus  of 
Somers,  won  him  from  infidelity  through   the 


nACON. 


BACON. 


S8 


of  Ilam- 
bged  51. 
Norwich, 
a  farm  in 
hanged  for 
aduatcd  at 
■as  a  deist ', 
Backus  of 
rough  the 


Divine  hlooHlnfj,  and  reared  him  up  for  the  minin- 
try.  t'roin  the  time  that  lie  helicvid  tlie  gof^jiel, 
he  gloried  in  the  crosM.  In  early  lil'e  he  wa.t  or- 
dained a.H  the  Niiccessor  of  I»r.  Itclluniy  at  Ikth- 
leni,  wliere  he  not  only  laliore(l  liiitlihdly  in  the 
ministry,  hut  also  iiiNtitntcd  and  conducted  a  school 
of  considerahle  celehrity.  Alter  the  estaliiishinent 
of  IlaniiltoM  college,  near  L'tica,  he  was  choKcn 
the  first  president,  and  wasKuccceded  hy  President 
Duvix  of  Middlehury  college,  lie  was  a  man  of 
an  original  caNt  of  thought,  distinguished  hy  sus- 
ceptihility  and  ardor  of  feeling  and  l)y  vigorous 
and  active  piety.  Of  his  henevolencc  and  good- 
nesN  no  one  could  doubt.  In  hisKcrmons,  though 
familiar  and  not  perhaps  Hutliciently  correct  and 
elevated  in  Htylo,  he  was  earnest,  all'ectionate,  and 
faithful.  He  puhhshed  a  Kernion  on  the  death  of 
Gov.  Wolcott,  1"!)7;  at  the  election,  17!)H;  at  the 
ordinrition  of  John  Frost,  Whiteshorough,  ISIU. 
—  nelii/.  Intel.  I.  it'll,  692;  Piiiiiipli.it,  xill.  4J. 
UACON,  NathaNIKI,,  general,  a  Virj^inia  rebel, 
died  Oct.  1,  I07G.  lie  was  educated  at  the  Inns 
of  court  in  I'jigland,  and  after  his  arrival  in  this 
country  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  council. 
He  was  a  young  man  of  fine  accomjilishments,  of 
an  interesting  countenance,  and  of  impressive 
clotjuence.  The  treachery  of  the  English  in  the 
murder  of  six  Woerowances  or  Indian  chief's,  who 
came  out  of  a  besoiged  fort  in  order  to  negotiate 
a  treaty,  induced  the  savages  to  taiie  terrible 
vengeance,  inhumanly  slaughtering  sixty  for  the 
six,  for  they  thought  that  ton  for  one  was  a  just 
atonement  for  the  loss  of  their  great  men.  Their 
incursions  caused  the  frontier  jjlantations  to  be 
abandoned.  Thus  did  the  crime  of  the  Virginians, 
as  is  always  the  case  with  pubUc  crime,  draw  after 
it  punishment.  The  governor,  Berkeley,  resorted 
to  the  wretched  policy  of  building  a  few  forts  on 
the  frontiers,  which  could  have  no  eftect  in  pre- 
venting the  incursions  of  the  savages,  who  quickly 
found  out,  as  an  old  history  of  the  affair  expresses, 
it, "  where  the  nic>use-tra])8  were  set."  The  people, 
in  their  indignation,  determined  on  wiser  and 
more  active  measures.  Ilanng  chosen  Bacon  as 
their  general,  he  sent  to  their  governor  for  a 
commission,  biit  being  refused,  he  marched  with- 
out one  at  the  head  of  eighty  or  ninety  men,  and 
in  a  battle  defeated  the  Indians  and  destroyed 
their  magazine.  In  the  mean  time  the  governor, 
at  the  instigation  of  men  who  were  envious  of  the 
rising  popularity  of  Bacon,  proclaimed  him  a 
rebel  May  29,  IG7C,  and  marched  a  force  against 
him  to  "  the  middle  plantation,"  or  Wilhamsburg, 
hut  in  a  few  days  returned  to  meet  the  assembly. 
Bacon  himself  soon  proceeded  in  a  sloop  with 
thirty  men  to  Jamestown ;  but  was  talicn  by  sur- 
prise and  i)ut  in  irons.  At  his  trial  before  the 
governor  and  council  June  10,  he  was  acquitted 
and  restored  to  the  council,  and  promised  also  in 
two  days  a  commission  as  general  for  the  Indian 


war,  agreeably  to  the  passionate  wisheit  of  the 
people.  Their  regard  to  him  will  account  for  bin 
acipiitlance.  .\s  the  j;overnor  refused  to  sign  the 
promised  commission,  Itaron  soon  a|ipeiii  d  at  the 
head  of  five  huixlred  men  and  olitaiui  d  it  by 
force.  'I'lnis  was  he  "crowned  the  darling  of  the 
jieople's  hopes  and  desires."  Nor  did  the  |)eo]ilu 
misjudge  as  to  his  capacity  to  serve  them.  By 
seiuling  companies  under  select  ollieers  into  tlio 
diU'erent  counties  to  scour  the  thickets,  swamjis, 
ami  forests,  where  the  Indians  might  be  sheltered, 
he  restored  the  dispersed  jieriple  to  their  ])lanta- 
tions.  AVliile  he  was  thus  honorably  employed, 
the  governor  again  proclaimed  him  a  rebel.  Thin 
measure  induced  him  to  countermarch  tr)  Wil- 
liamsburg, whence  he  issued,  Aug.  (I,  his  declara- 
tion against  the  governor  and  soon  drove  him 
across  the  bay  to  .\ccomac.  He  also  exacted  of 
the  ])eo])le  an  oath  to  su|)|iort  him  against  the 
forces  employed  by  the  governor.  He  then 
prosecuted  the  Indian  war.  In  Sejjtember  he 
again  ])ut  the  governor  to  flight  and  burned 
Jamestown,  consisting  of  sixteen  or  eighteen 
houses  and  a  brick  chm-ch,  the  first  that  was  built 
in  Virginia.  At  this  period  he  adojited  a  singular 
ex])edient  to  p.-event  an  attack  by  the  governor, 
beseiged  by  him.  He  seized  the  wives  of  several 
of  the  governor's  atiherents  and  brought  them 
into  camp  J  then  sent  word  to  their  husbands, 
that  they  would  be  jdaccd  in  the  fore  front  of  his 
men.  Entirely  successful  on  the  western  shore, 
Bacon  was  about  to  cross  the  hay  to  attack  the 
governor  at  Accomac,  when  he  was  called  to  sur- 
render up  his  life  "into  the  hands  of  that  grim 
and  all  conquering  captain.  Death."  In  his  sick- 
ness he  implored  the  assistance  of  Mr.  Wading,  a 
minister,  in  jireparing  for  the  future  world. 

After  the  death  of  Bacon  one  Ingram,  a  weak 
man,  assumed  his  commission,  but  was  soon  won 
over  by  the  governor.  Among  his  followers,  who 
were  executed,  was  Col.  Hansford,  who,  with  the 
feelings  of  Maj.  Andre,  hn''  ^lo  favor  to  ask,  but 
that  "  he  might  be  shot  liki  a  soldier,  and  not  be 
hanged  like  a  dog;"  also  Capt.  Carver,  and  Far- 
low,  and  Wilford.  >Iaj.  Cheisman  died  in  jirison. 
Drummond  also,  formerly  governor  of  Carolina, 
and  Col.  Ilichard  Lawrence  were  victims  of  this 
I  civil  war,  which,  besides  the  loss  of  valuable  lives. 
'  cost  the  colony  100,000  pounds.  After  reading 
!  the  history  of  this  rebeUion,  one  is  ready  to  per- 
suade himself,  that  its  existence  might  have  been 
prevented,  had  tlie  governor  consulted  the  wishes 
of  the  jjcople  by  giving  Bacon  the  command  in 
the  Indian  war ;  had  he  been  faithful  to  his  own 
promise ;  had  he  not  yielded  to  the  envious  or 
malignaiit  counsels  of  others.  Had  Bacon  lived 
and  been  triumjihant,  he  would  probably  have 
been  remembered,  not  as  an  insurgent,  but  as  the 
deUverer  of  his  country.  Yet  it  is  very  obvious, 
[  that  under  an  organized  government  he  did  not 


64 


IIACON. 


nADOER. 


prnvo  lumM'If  n  K'><><1  citi/cn,  l)iit  van  nn  nrtfiil 
di'iniiKoKiif,  mill  ItiiriU'  ii»ay  liy  ii  rciirclicnsilili' 
and  riu<li  iiiiiliitiini.  —  Ihnlli  nf  liiimn;  Kvilli'a 
lliit.  itf  Viiijiiiiii,  l.)<»-l(i'J  I  Cliiilinnn,  I.  .'t.'J'J- 
3.'W|  hn-rrli/,  Id,*)  H'yiiiie,  II.  'JJL',  :i'J3 ;  .V(//'- 
iluill,  I.  lll.VL'Ol. 

HACON',  TlloMAN,  III)  Kpisropiil  iiiinister  nt 
Frfilrrictown,  Mil.,  tlii'il  Muy  'J I.  ITilH.  Ho 
cotnjiilcd  "n  i'()ni|ili'ti'  My»tt'in  of  tin-  rcvi'iiuu  <il' 
Iri'liiiid,"  |ml)liNlic(l  in  ITlJ'i  idwo  ii  coniiih'tf  liody 
of  tlu!  hiWH  (»f  Maryland,  fol.,  170.1.  IIu  oIho 
MTotf  other  valiiahlc  )iiw'es.  —  Jiiiii. 

U.VC'O.V,  J.vcoii,  llr^t  minister  of  Keene,  N.  II., 
died  at  Howley  in  17N7,  af,'ed  H{.  A  graduate  of 
Harvard  in  I7.'JI,  lie  wan  ordained  in  ll'.iH.  The 
gcttletnent  wa.t  broken  up  by  the  Iii'!i'»n«  i.i 
A])ril,  1717.  He  idterwardH  was  Nettled  in  I'ly- 
nioutli.  HiH  NuteeNsorH  at  K.  were  Carpenter, 
iijnniner.  Hall,  ()li])hanf,  and  Uurstow.  Tho  laNt 
WON  ordained  July  1,  ININ. 

UACOX,  John,  niiniNter,  of  DoKtoii,  died  Oct. 
23,  1820.  He  wan  u  native  of  Canterbury, 
Conn.,  and  was  graduated  at  the  college  of 
New  Jersey  in  170.1,  After  preaching  for  a  time 
in  Somerset  county,  Maryland,  he  and  John  Hunt 
were  settled  oh  colleague  jiaKtora  over  the  old 
south  church  in  Itoston,  as  successors  to  Mr. 
Blair,  Sept.  L'o,  1771.  His  stylo  of  preaching 
was  argumentative ;  his  manner  api)roacliing  the 
severe.  Hitliculties  soon  sjjrung  up  in  regard  to 
the  doctrines  of  the  atonement  and  of  imputation 
and  the  administration  of  hajitism  on  tho  half- 
way covenant,  which  led  to  the  dismission  of  Mr. 
Bacon  Feb.  8,  1775.  His  views  seem  to  have 
been  such  as  now  jircvnil  in  New  England,  ■while 
his  church  advocated  limited  atonement  and  the 
notion  of  the  actual  transference  of  the  sins  of 
believers  to  Christ  and  of  his  obedience  to  them. 
Probably  the  more  poj)ular  talents  of  Mr.  Hunt 
had  some  influence  in  creating  the  difficulty.  Mr. 
Bacon  removed  to  Stockbridgc,  Berkshire  county, 
where  ho  died.  He  was  a  magistrate  j  a  repre- 
sentative; associate  and  presiding  judge  of  tho 
common  j)leas ;  a  member  and  jiresident  of  the 
state  senate ;  and  a  member  of  Congress.  In  his 
political  views  he  accorded  with  the  jjarty  of  Mr. 
Jefferson.  He  married  the  widow  of  his  prede- 
cessor, Mr.  Cumming.  She  was  tho  daughter  of 
Ezekiel  Goldtlnvuit,  register  of  deeds.  His  son, 
Ezekiel  Bacon,  was  a  distinguished  member  of 
Congress  just  before  the  war  of  1812.  He  pub- 
lished a  sermon  after  his  installation,  1772;  an 
answer  to  Huntington'  on  a  case  of  discipline, 
1781;  a  speedi  on  the  courts  of  U.  S.,  1802;  con- 
jectures on  the  i)rophecies,  18(),j. —  Winner's  Hist. 
0.  «.  CIninh,  33;  Hist,  of  Ikrk.ihire,  104,  201. 

BACON,  ^Iauy,  died  at  rrovidencc  July  3, 
1848,  aged  lO.S ;  bom  Juno  10, 1740,  the  daughter 
of  John  Matthewson. 

BACON,  SiUItJiL,  agent  of  the  (Vmerican  gov- 


ernment for  establishing  a  colony  in  .Vfrica,  wnn  nn 
I'lpiNciipal  clergyman.  He  proceeded  in  thu 
Kli/Jibeth  to  Sierra  I.eoiie  wiiheighty-two colored 
people,  accoinpanird  by  Mr.  llankson,  a!'<o  agent, 
and  ])r.  Cro/er;  and  arrived  .March  0,  1820.  Tho 
.\ugUNla  schooner  was  piirchuncd  and  the  |ieoplu 
and  stores  were  transhipped,  and  carried  to 
Canipelar  in  Sherbro  river  March  20tli.  Dr. 
Cro/er  and  .Mr.  llankNon  died  in  a  few  weeks,  and 
Mr.  Bacon  being  taken  ill  on  the  17th  April 
proceeded  to  Kent,  at  Cajio  Shilling,  but  died  two 
days  after  his  arrival,  on  the  3d  of  May.  Many 
others  died.  The  circular  of  tho  colonization 
society,  signed  by  K.  B.  Caldwell,  Oct.  20, 
describes  this  disastrous  expedition.  —  Memoivi 
III/  Anhmiin. 

BAJ)OEI{,  Stephen,  minister  of  Natick,  Mass., 
was  born  in  Charlestown  in  1720  of  humblo 
]mrentage,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  c(dlege  in 
1747,  his  name  l)eing  last  in  the  catalogue,  when 
tho  luunos  were  arranged  according  to  parental 
dignity.  Employed  by  tho  commissioners  for 
I)ropagating  the  Gos])el  in  New  England,  ho  was 
ordained  as  missionary  over  the  Indians  at  Natick,' 
as  successor  of  Mr.  I'oabody,  March  27,  1753, 
and  died  Aug.  28,  1803,  aged  78  years.  Mr. 
lliglow  re])resents  him  as  in  reality  a  Unitarian, 
although  not  avowedly  such.  He  published  a 
letter  from  a  pastor  against  tho  demand  of  a  con- 
fession of  ]mrticular  sins  in  order  to  church  fellow- 
ship ;  a  letter  concerning  the  Indians  in  the  Mass. 
hist,  collections,  dated  1797  ;  and  two  discourses 
on  drimkenness,  1774,  recently  reprinted.  In 
his  letter  concerning  tho  Indians  he  states,  that 
Deacon  E])hraim,  a  good  Christian  Indian  of  his 
church,  on  being  asked  how  it  was  to  bo  accounted 
for,  that  Indian  youths,  virtuously  educated  in 
Enj;lisli  iiiniilies,  were  apt,  when  losing  tho  ro- 
straiiits  under  which  they  had  been  brought  up, 
to  become  indolent  and  intemperate  like  others, 
replied:  "Ducks  will  be  ducks,  notwithstanding 
they  aro  hatched  by  the  hen," — or  in  his  own 
imperfect  English — "Tucks  will  be  tucks,  for  all 
ole  hen  he  hatchum."  Another  Indian  of  Natick 
once  jjurchased  a  dram  at  a  shop  in  Boston,  and 
tho  next  sjjring,  after  drinking  rum  at  the  same 
shop,  found  that  the  jirico  of  tho  ])oison  was 
doubled.  On  inquiring  the  reason,  the  dealer 
reijlicd,  that  he  had  kept  the  cask  over  winter, 
and  it  was  as  expensive  as  to  keep  a  horse. 
"Hah,"  replied  the  Indian,  "he  no  eat  so  much 
hay ;  but  I  believe  he  drink  as  much  water ! " 
Of  tho  strength  of  rum  tho  Naticks  were  un- 
ha])])ily  too  good  judges.  It  is  deplorable,  that  in 
1707  there  were  among  the  Natick  Indians,  for 
whom  the  apostolic  Eliot  labored,  only  two  or 
three  church-members,  and  not  one  who  could 
sj)eak  their  language,  into  which  he  translated  the 
Bible.  Among  the  many  causes  of  their  degene- 
racy may  bp  mentioned  the  sale  of  their  lauds, 


nAIXlKU. 


DAILY. 


55 


their  intcrmixturo  with  l)h('kii  nnil  whito*,  Icnvin^ 
iiiily  iiboiit  twenty  cIcui'Mniiili'd  Iiidiaiifi,  their 
lll)ei)n<|iieriil>h-  iii(li>lrnce  iiriil  |)rii|H'iisity  to  exceHM, 
mill  perhiipN  the  wiint  nl'  ^eiil  mi  ihi'  piirt  (il'liieir 
reli^iouH  teiicluTH.  Iii  1(17(»  there  were  fort)  or 
ttrty  ehtirtii-meiiilierN.  The  iiiiinlier  of  IiiiliuiiN 
in  I'll)  woM  one  limiilred  iiiid  nixiy  ;  in  ITli.'l  only 
thirty-Neven.  'I'he  wnr  of  ll'iSi  luid  ii  putrid  l'e\er 
hud  dcNtroyed  innny  of  them.  —  Itiijlnir's  llial. 
Nalirk,  :,'.)-iV.),  77;  '<'„/.   Ilisl.  Snr.  V.  U'.'-I.V 

KAIKiKIt,  Wii.i.iAM,  jfoveriior  of  N.  II.,  diiil 
nt  (iihnnntoii  Sept.  -M,  \X.Y>,  ii^ed  'U.  He  wan 
governor  in  1H3I  and  XM.'i  and  had  Nuntuined 
many  ofllccM. 

UADOMU,  IlAf'Hix,  MrH.,  died  at  Lynde- 
horouKh.  \.  II.,  IMUI,  n)<ed  1(H). 

ltAI)(ii;il.  .losKPil,  died  at  rorryxhnrfjh  Ma> 
ft,  IHKI,  a(,'ed  87,  a  Holdier  of  the  KevoUition,  and 
chajilain  Miider  Harrison  at  Tort  Mei}{Hj  an  ex- 
emplary Christian. 

HADLAM,  Sti.I'IIK'*  hri},'adier-fjcncral  of  ihc 
mililiii,  died  in  Auj;.,  IHl.').  He  was  iioriin  Can- 
ton, Mass.,  and  joined  the  American  army  in 
177.J.  In  the  next  year,  as  mijor  of  a>  lilery,  he 
took  ])osHcssion,  July  Itl  of  the  n  nnt,  whirli 
from  thut  circumstance  was  called  Mount  Inde 
pondencc.  He  did  good  service  with  his  field))ie('t 
in  the  action  at  I'ort  Stanwix,  under  Willet  .  iii 
Auf^.,  1777.  His  residence  was  af  Dorchesier, 
where  he  was  an  eminently  useful  ..i  'i,  iictin;,' 
as  a  magistrate  and  a  deacim  of  the  church. — 
(Judman'.H  Fniienil  Sermon ;  I'nnnjiliKl,  XI.  i'>72. 

IJAILliY,  MoiLNTJOY,  general,  died  at  Wash- 
ington March  2'1,  18;J(i,  aged  HI  j  an  olHccr  of  the 
Ilevolution. 

BAILl^V,  EiiisNEZEii,  died  nt  Lynn  Mineral 
Springs  Aug.,  XKVi,  long  an  eminent  teacher  of 
youth  in  Doston.  A  lock-jaw  was  uccasioned  hy 
ruiniing  a  nail  into  his  foot. 

BAILEY,  MosivS,  died  in  Andovcr,  Mass., 
^larch  14,  184'J,  aged  OS  leaving  one  hmidrcd 
and  thirty-five  descendants. 

IJAILEY,  Jacob,  n  graduate  of  Harvard  in 
17.53,  died  in  1S()8,  an  I'^piscopal  jjreacher  in 
I'ownalborough  c  d  Nova  Scotia.  His  journal 
was  pul)lished  in  1  '■-'  i ...  .ith  a  biography  by  \V.  J. 
Bartlct. 

IJAILY,  John,  an  excellent  minister  in  Doston, 
died  in  1607,  afrcd  511.  He  was  born  hi  1G44  in 
Lancashire,  T.iigland.  From  his  earliest  years 
his  mind  Fei;ms  to  have  been  impressed  by  the 
truth":  0.  religion.  AVhilo  lie  was  yet  very  young, 
his  mother  one  day  jjcrsuaded  him  to  lead  the 
devotions  of  the  family.  When  his  father,  who 
was  a  very  dissolute  man,  heard  of  it,  his  heart 
was  touched  with  a  sense  of  his  sin  in  the  neglect 
of  this  (hity,  and  he  became  afterwards  an 
eminent  Christian.  After  having  been  carefully 
instructed  in  classical  learning,  he  commenced 
preaching  the  gospel  about  the  age  of  twenty-two. 


Up  noon   wpnt  to   Ireland,  where  by  frpfjuent 
liiliors    he  much   injured    Iuk  health,   Hhieh  wiw 
never  perfrclly  ri'Kiorcd.     He  Npent  about  fourteen 
vears  of  his  lite  at  Liineriik.and  was  exceedingly 
blessed  in   his  exertions  to  turn  men  from  dark- 
lU'sN  to  liglit.     Vet  while  in  this  pliu'e  as  well  lu 
previously,  he  was  piTst'euted  by  men,  who  wero 
contending  for  form  and  eereinony  in  violation  of 
the  jirei'epts  and  the  sjiirit  of  the  gospel.     While 
he  wiiH   a   young  man,  he  often  travelled  far  by 
night   to   enjoy   the   ordinances   of    the   gospel, 
privately  administered  in  dissenting  congregations, 
and   for  this  presumptuous  otfence  he  was  some- 
times  thrown  into  Lancashire  jail.     As  soon  as  ho 
began  to  jireaeh,  his  lidelily  was  tried,  and  ho 
.  't'ered  imprisonment  because  in  his  conscienco 
!•     could  not  conform  to  the  established  church. 
While  at  Limerick  a  deaiu-ry  was  otlered  him,  if 
he  would  conform,  with  tin-  promiseof  a  liishojiric 
u])oii  the  first  vacancy.     Hut   dicdaiiiing  worldly 
things,  when  they  ennie  in  competition  with  duty 
to  his  Saviour  and  the  ])urity  of  Hivinc  worship, 
he  rejected  the  otl'er  in  true  disinterestedness  ami 
elevation  of  sj)irit.     IJut  neither  this  proof,  that 
he  was  intent  on  higher  objects,  than  this  world 
;)rcsents,  nor  the  blamelessiiessof  his  life,  nor  the 
rong  hold,  which  he  had  in  the  affections  of  his 
ac(pmiiitance,   could    preserve   him    from   again 
suffering  .he  hardshijis  of  imprisonment,   wlnle 
the  jiaj  ■ '  .  in  the  neighborhood  enjoyed  liberty 
and    countenance.      When   he   was    before   the 
judges  he  said  to  them,  "  If  I  had  been  drinking, 
and  gaming,  and  carousing  at  a  tavern  with  my 
eomi)any,  my  lords,  I  presume,  that  would  not 
have    ]irocured    my   being   thus   treated    as   an 
offender.     Must  praying  to  (iod,  and  jireaching 
of  Christ  with  a  company  of  Christians,  who  are 
peaceable  and  inoffensive  and  as  servicealile  to  his 
majesty  and  the  government  as  any  of  his  sub- 
jects;   must  this   be   u   greater  crime  P"      The 
recorder  answered,  "  We  will  have  v'ou  to  know 
it  is  a  greater  crime."     His  flock  often  fasted  and 
jn-aycd  for  his  release ;  but  he  was  discharged  on 
this  condition  oidy,  that  he  should  depart  from 
the  country  within  a  limited  time. 

lie  came  to  New  England  in  1C84,  and  was 
ordained  the  minister  of  Walertown,  Oct.  (i,  1080, 
with  his  brother,  Thomas  Uailey,  as  his  assistant; 
he  removed  to  Boston  in  1G02,  and  became  as- 
sistant minister  of  the  first  church  July  17,  1C03, 
succeeding  Mr.  Moody.  In  10!)0  Mr.  Wadsworth 
was  settled.  His  brother,  Thomas,  who  died  in 
M'atcrtown  in  Jan.,  lONO,  wrote  Latui  odes  at 
Lindsay  in  lOtiS,  which  ore  in  manuscript  in  the 
library  of  the  Moss.  Historical  Society. 

He  was  a  man  eminent  for  i)iety,  of  great  sen- 
sibility of  conscience,  and  very  exem])lary  in  his 
life.  It  was  his  constant  desire  to  be  patient  and 
resigned  imder  the  calamities,  which  were  ap- 
pointed him,  and  to  fix   liis  heart  more  upon 


56 


BAINBIUDGE. 


BALDWIN. 


things  above.  —  Tlis  minifitry  was  very  acccptal)le 
in  differen;,  ])lacc.s,  and  he  was  a  warm  and  ani- 
mated preacher.  Dunton  nays,  "1  heard  him 
upon  these  words  —  'LooJunj^  unto  Jesus'  —  and 
I  thought  he  spake  like  an  angel."  Hut  with  all 
his  faithfulness  he  saw  many  disconsolate  hours. 
lie  was  distressed  with  doubts  resj)ecting  liim- 
self;  but  his  apprehensions  only  attached  him 
the  more  closely  to  his  Kedeemer. 

In  his  last  sickness  lie  suft'cred  under  a  com- 
plication of  disorders ;  but  he  did  not  complain, 
llis  mind  was  soothed  in  dwelling  upon  the  suf- 
ferings of  his  Saviour.  At  times  he  was  agitated 
with  fears,  though  they  had  not  respect,  as  ho 
said,  so  much  to  the  end,  as  to  what  )io  might 
meet  in  the  way.  His  last  words  were,  speaking 
of  Christ,  "  0,  what  shall  I  say  ?  He  is  altogether 
lovely,  ilis  glorious  angels  are  come  for  me ! " 
Tie  then  closed  his  eyes,  and  his  spirit  passed 
into  eternity.  He  published  an  address  to  the 
people  of  Limerick)  and  man's  chief  end  to 
glorify  God,  a  sermon  preached  at  Watertown, 
1089.  —  Middleton's  Evang.  Biography,  iv. 
101-105;  Nonconformid  Memorial,  I.  331-335; 
Mather's  Funeral  Sermon ;  Magnalia,  ill.  224- 
238;  Eliot. 

BAINBllIDGE.  '.Villum,  commodore,  died  at 
Pliiladeljjhia  July  27,  1833,  aged  59.  He  was 
born  at  Princeton,  N.  J.,  the  son  of  Dr.  Absalom 
B. :  in  1798  he  was  a  lieutenant  in  the  navy;  in 
1800  he  commanded  a  frigate  and  sailed  for 
Algiers.  In  consequence  of  his  vessel's  grounding 
before  Tripoli,  he  was  captured  in  the  Philadel- 
phia in  1800.  In  the  Constitution  he  captured 
the  British  frigate  Java,  Dec.  29, 1812.  After  the 
war  he  had  the  command  at  several  naval  sta- 
tions :  for  several  years  he  was  commissioner  of 
the  navy  board. 

BAUID,  TuoJiAS  D.,  editor  of  the  Pittsburgh 
Cliristian  Herald,  died  Jan.  7,  1839,  aged  G5. 

B ALCII,  AViLLiAM,  minister  of  Bradford,  Mass., 
was  born  at  Beverly  in  1704  and  graduated  in 
1724.  He  was  a  descendant  of  John  Balch, 
who  came  to  this  country  about  1625  and  died  at 
Salem  in  1048.  Ordained  in  1728  over  the  sec- 
ond church  in  Bradibrd,  he  theie  passed  his 
days,  and  died  Jan.  12,  1792,  aged  87  years. 

About  the  year  1742  or  1743  several  members, 
a  minority  of  his  church,  dissatisfied  with  his 
preaching,  a])plied  to  a  neighboring  church  to 
admonish  their  pastor,  agreeably  to  the  Platform. 
A  council  was  convened,  which  censured  the  con- 
duct of  the  complainants.  But  in  1746  Mr.  Wig- 
glesworth  and  Mr.  Chipman,  ministers  of  Ipswich 
and  Beverly,  accused  Mr.  Balch  of  propagating 
Arminian  tenets.  He  wrote  a  reply,  mingling 
keen  sature  with  solid  argument.  Alter  this,  they, 
who  were  dissatisfied  with  Mr.  Balch,  built  a 
meeting-house  for  themselves.  In  his  old  age  he 
received  a  colleague.    He  lived  in  retirement, 


occujjied  in  agriculture,  and  raising  the  host 
ap])lts  in  Essex.  His  mental  jrowers  retained 
their  vigor  in  old  age.  New  writings  delighted 
him;  and  ho  engaged  freely  in  theological  dis- 
cussion. — He  published  the  following  discourses : 
on  reconciliation,  1740;  faith  and  works,  1743; 
at  the  election,  1749;  at  the  convention,  1760; 
account  of  the  proceedings  of  the  2d  church; 
re])ly  t  j  AVigglcsworth  and  Chipman,  1746.  — 
Eliot ;  Alans.  Historical  Collections,  IV.  s.  s.  145. ' 

B.\LCH,  Thomas,  first  minister  of  the  2d  parish 
of  Dedham,  died  in  1774,  aged  about  60.  He 
graduated  in  1733,  and  was  ordained  in  1736. 
He  published  a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of  J. 
Newman,  Edgartown,  1747 ;  Christ  present,  1748 ; 
at  election,  1749;  ordination  of  W.  Patten,  1757; 
at  artillery  election,  1763. 

BALCH,  Stephen  B.,  D.  D.,  died  at  George- 
town, D.  C,  Sept.  22,  1833,  aged  86. 

BALCH,  Joseph,  died  in  Johnstown,  N.  Y., 
Dec.  5,  1855,  aged  95,  a  soldier  of  the  Kevolu- 
tion,  then  of  Wethersfield.  At  the  age  of  about 
80  he  made  a  Christian  profession.  On  the  day 
of  llis  death  he  was  attending  a  public  fast :  the 
Bible  fell  from  his  hands,  and  he  died. 

BALDWIN,  Ebenezer,  minister  of  Danburj', 
Conn.,  was  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1763,  and 
was  tutor  in  that  seminary  from  1766  to  1770. 
He  was  ordained  as  successor  of  Mr.  Warner  and 
Mr.  White,  Sept.  19,  1770,  and  died  Oct.  1, 1776, 
aged  31  years.  He  was  a  man  of  great  talents 
and  learning,  an  unwearied  student,  grave  in 
manners,  and  an  able  supporter  of  the  sound 
doctrines  of  the  gospel.  He  left  a  legacy  of 
about  300  pounds  to  liis  society,  wliich  is  appro- 
priated to  the  support  of  religion. — liobbina' 
Centennial  Sermon. 

BAI.DWIN,  Jonathan,  died  at  Brookfield  in 
1788,  aged  57.  He  was  a  captain  in  the  French 
war ;  and  was  a  prominent  member  of  the  Mass. 
congress  in  1774 :  a  colonel  in  the  Revolutionary 
struggle.  A  soldier,  a  patriot,  a  Christian,  he  was 
also  a  friend  of  literature,  lca^-ing  a  bequest  to 
Leicester  academy. 

B.\LDWIN,  Abraham,  a  distinguished  states- 
man, was  born  in  Connecticut  in  1754  and  grad- 
uated at  Yale  college  in  1772.  From  1775  to 
1779  he  was  a  tutor  in  that  seminary,  being  an 
eminent  classical  and  mathematical  scholar.  Hav- 
ing studied  law,  he  removed  to  Savannah  and  was 
admitted  a  counsellor  at  the  Georgia  bar,  and  in 
three  montlis  was  elected  a  member  of  the  state 
legislature.  At  the  first  session  he  originated 
the  plan  of  the  university  of  Georgia,  drew  up 
the  charter,  by  which  it  was  endowed  with  forty 
thousand  acres  of  land,  ard,  vanquishing  many 
prejudices,  ')y  the  aid  of  John  Milledge  persuaded 
the  assembly  to  adopt  the  project.  The  college 
was  located  at  Athens,  and  Josiah  Meigs  was  aj)- 
pointed  its  first  president.    Being  elected  a  dele- 


5  the  bpst 
;rs  retained 
[8  delighted 
ological  dis- 
;  discourses : 
rorks,  1743; 
tition,  1760 ; 
2d  church; 
in,  1746.— 
IV.  s.  s.  145. ' 
he  2d  parish 
)ut  60.  He 
ed  in  1736. 
nation  of  J. 
•esent,  1748; 
'atten,  1757; 

[  at  George- 
town, N.  Y., 
the  Kevolu- 
Bge  of  about 
On  the  day 
>lic  fast:  the 
i. 

of  Danburj', 
in  1763,  and 
766  to  1770. 
Warner  and 
Oct.  1, 1776, 
jreat  talents 
at,  grave  in 
f  ihe  sound 
a  legacy  of 
ich  is  appro- 
—  liobbins' 

Jrookfield  in 
the  French 

of  the  Mass. 
evolutionary 

stian,  he  was 
bequest  to 

ishcd  states- 
4  and  grad- 
om  1775  to 
ry,  being  an 
lolar.  llav- 
nah  and  was 
bar,  and  in 
of  the  state 
originated 
jia,  drew  up 
d  with  forty 
shing  many 
e  persuaded 
The  college 
eigs  was  ap- 
icted  a  dele- 


B.\LDWIN. 

gnto  to  congress  in  17S6,  he  was  an  active  mem- 
ber of  the  convention,  which  formed  the  present 
constitution  of  the  United  States,  during  its  ses- 
sion from  May  25  to  Sejit.  17,  1787.  After  its 
ndo])ti;)ii  he  was  continued  a  member  of  congress 
until  17!)il,  when  he  was  apjiointcd  as  colleague 
with  Mr.  Millcdge  a  senator,  in  which  station  he 
remained  until  his  death,  at  Washington  city, 
March  4,  ISO",  aged  53  years.  His  remains  were 
placed  by  the  fide  of  liis  friend  and  former  col- 
league, Oon.  J.  Jackson,  whom  he  had  followed  to 
the  grave  just  one  year  belore.  lie  was  the 
brolher-in-law  of  Joel  liarlow.  Ha\ing  never 
been  married,  his  economy  put  it  in  his  power  to 
assist  many  young  men  in  their  education.  His 
father  dying  in  1787  with  little  projierty,  six 
orphan  children,  his  half  brothers  and  sisters, 
were  j)rotected  and  educated  by  him,  and  owed 
every  thing  to  his  care  and  affection.  In  public 
life  he  was  industrious  and  faitlii'ul.  Though  firm 
in  his  own  republican  principles  during  the  con- 
tests of  the  last  ten  years  of  his  life,  he  was  yet 
moderate,  and  indulgent  towards  his  opponents. 
Until  a  week  before  his  death  his  public  services 
for  twontj--two  years  had  been  uninterrupted  by 
sickness.  —  National  Intelligencer, 

BALDWIN,  Thomas,  D.  D.,  a  Baptist  minister 
in  Boston,  was  born  in  Norwich,  Conn.,  Dec.  23, 
1753.  After  he  had  removed  to  Canaan,  in  New 
Hampshire,  he  became  pious,  and  jomed  the 
Baptist  church  in  1781.  It  was  with  pain,  that 
he  thus  forsook  his  connections  and  early  friends, 
for  he  had  been  educated  a  pedo-Baptist  and  his 
venerable  minister  at  Norwich  was  his  grand 
uncle.  Having  for  some  time  conducted  the  re- 
ligious exercises  at  public  meetings,  in  Aug.,  1782, 
he  ventured  for  the  first  time  to  take  a  text  and 
preach  doctrinally  and  methodically.  His  ad- 
vantages for  intellectual  culture  had  been  few. 
At  the  request  of  the  church  he  was  ordained 
June  11, 1783,  as  an  evangelist,  and  he  performed 
the  duties  of  pastor  for  seven  years,  besides 
preaching  often  during  each  week  in  the  towns 
within  a  circle  of  fifty  miles,  "  cliiefly  at  his  own 
charges,"  sometimes  receiving  small  presents,  but 
never  having  a  public  contribution.  In  these  jour- 
neys he  was  obliged  to  climb  rocky  steeps  and  to 
pass  through  dismal  swamps;  and  as  the  poor 
people  had  no  silver,  and  the  continental  cur- 
rency was  good  for  nothing,  sometimes  the  trav- 
elling preacher  was  obliged  either  to  beg  or  to 
starve.  For  several  years  he  was  chosen  a  mem- 
ber of  the  legislature. 

In  1790  he  was  invited  to  Boston,  as  the  pastor 
of  the  second  Baptist  church.  He  now  success- 
fully pursued  a  course  of  study,  and  by  his  un- 
wearied exertions  acquired  a  high  rank  as  a 
preacher.  His  church,  though  small  in  1790,  be- 
came under  his  care  numerous  and  flourishing. 
Of  bis  owQ  deuomiuation  in  New  England  he 


BALDWIN. 


67 


was  the  head,  and  to  him  all  his  brethren  looked 
for  advice.  Besides  being  connected  with  most 
of  the  benevolent  institutions  of  Boston,  he  was  a 
member  of  the  convention  for  re^^sing  the  con- 
stitution of  the  state,  and  just  before  his  death 
was  fixed  upon,  by  one  party  among  the  people, 
as  a  candidate  for  an  elector  of  president  of  the 
United  States.  He  died  very  suddenly  at  Water- 
\-ille.  Me.,  whither  he  had  gone  to  attend  the 
commencement,  Aug.  29,  1825,  aged  71  years. 
The  following  stanza  on  his  death  will  apply  to  a 
miUtitude  of  others,  recorded  in  this  work. 

■'  He  teas  a  good  man.    Yet  amid  onr  tean 
Sweet,  grateful  thougtit!)  within  our  bosoms  rise  ; 
We  trace  liis  spirit  up  to  brigliter  splicrcs, 
And  thinic  witli  what  pure,  rapturous  surprise 
He  round  liimself  trunslatcd  to  tlic  slcics  : 
From  uiglit  at  once  awolto  to  eudlcos  noon. 
Oil  !  witli  wliat  transport  did  his  eager  eyes 
Behold  his  Lord  in  glory  ?    'T  was  the  boon 
His  heart  had  longed  for  !    ^Vhy  deem  we  it  came  to  soon  ?  " 

He  published  the  following  discourses :  at  the 
thanksgiving,  1795;  quarterly  sermon;  at  the 
concert  of  pra3'er ;  account  of  revival  of  religion, 
1799 ;  on  the  death  of  Lieut-Gov.  Phillips ;  elec- 
tion sermon,  1802 ;  on  the  eternal  purpose  of 
God ;  at  thanksgiving ;  before  a  missionary  soci- 
ety, 1804 ;  at  the  ordination  of  D.  Merrill,  1805 ; 
installation  of  J.  Winchell,  1814 ;  before  the  fe- 
male asylum,  1806;  on  the  death  of  Dr.  Still- 
man  ;  at  the  artillery  election,  1807 ;  and  the  bap- 
tism of  believers  only,  and  particular  communion 
vindicated,  12mo.  1806.  Of  this  work  the  first 
and  second  parts  were  originoUy  published  in 
1789  and  1794. 

BALDWIN,  Christopher  CoLUSiBrs,  libra- 
rian of  the  Antiquarian  Society  at  Worcester,  was 
killed  by  the  upsetting  of  a  stage,  in  which  he 
was  travelling,  at  Norwich,  Ohio,  Aug.  20,  1835, 
aged  35.  He  was  riding  with  the  driver,  and 
leaped  from  the  stage  for  security,  but  fell  back 
from  the  bank. 

BALDWIN,  LoAMMi,  died  at  Charlestown, 
June  30,  1838,  of  paralysis.  He  was  graduated 
in  1800,  and  educated  for  the  law,  but  became 
one  of  the  most  distinguished  civil  engineers  of 
our  country.  The  dry  docks  at  the  navy  yards  at 
Charlestown  and  near  Norfolk  and  other  public 
works  attested  his  skill.  He  was  lamented  by 
many  friends. 

BALDWIN,  Elihu  W.,  D.  D.,  president  of 
Wabash  college,  Crawfordsville,  Ind.,  died  Oct. 
15,  1840,  aged  50.  Born  at  Durham,  N.  Y.,  he 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1812,  studied  at  Andover, 
and  was  a  minister  in  New  York  from  1820  to 
1835.    He  died  in  peace  and  joyful  hope. 

BALDWIN,  Fxi,  D.  D.,  of  the  Reformed 
Dutch  Church  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  died  in 
1839. 

BALDWIN,  AsHBEL,  died  at  Rochester,  New 
York,  Feb.  8,  1846,  aged  89.     A  graduate  of 


58 


BALDAVIN. 


i 


Yale,  he  served  in  the  anny,  and  was  ordained  by 
Bishop  Scabury  in  11  So  —  the  first  Eijiseopal  or- 
dination in  the  U.  S.  lie  was  secretary  of  the 
general  Episcopal  convention  many  years. 

BALDWIN,  llKXiiY,  Judge,  died  in  I'liiladel- 
phia  Apr.  21,  1814,  aged  Go.  A  native  of  Xew 
Haven,  he  graduated  in  1707,  and  settled  in 
Pennsylvania.  lie  was  a  member  of  Congress 
and  judge  of  tlio  Suijrcme  C'oiu't  of  the  U.  S. ; 
and  was  highly  respected. 

BALDWIN,  SiMKox,  judge,  died  in  New  Ha- 
ven May  20,  lHo\,  aged  80.  lie  was  born  in 
Norwich  and  graduated  1781.  After  being  a 
tutor  for  several  years  he  commenced  the  practice 
of  the  law  in  l"cS().  lie  was  in  congress  from 
1803  to  1805;  a  judge  of  the  superior  court  in 
180Gj  in  1822  president  of  the  Fannlngton  canal 
board;  and  mayor  of  the  city  hi  1826. 

BALDWIN,  Mivmi  SKiAii,  minister  of  Scotch- 
town,  N.  Y.,  died  in  18-17,  aged  81. 

BALDAVIN,  Cyius,  Dr.,  cUed  in  Goodrich, 
^lich.,  Aug.,  iSoo,  aged  81.  Born  in  Worcester, 
he  assisted  as  an  earnest  Christian  in  founding 
churches  in  Baldwinsville,  N.  Y.,  and  elsewhere. 
lie  hved  in  Hebron,  and  in  Home,  Mich.,  in 
Grand  Blanc,  in  Atlas,  and  Goodrich. 

BALFOUR,  Walter,  died  in  C'harlestown, 
Jan.  3,  18 j2,  aged  71;  a  Scotchman,  who  came 
early  to  tliis  country  as  a  Presbyterian  preacher. 
After  ten  years  he  became  a  Baptist,  and  in  a  few 
years  more  a  Universallst.  He  published  inqiu- 
ries,  essays,  rejjly  and  letters  to  Mr.  Stuart,  and 
letters  to  Mr.  Hudson.  He  had  also  a  contro- 
versy with  Sabine  and  Whitman. 

BALL,  Hlji-VN,  D.  D.,  died  at  Butland,  Vt., 
Dec.  17,  1821,  aged  57,  highly  respected  and  of 
extensive  influence.  He  was  a  native  of  West 
Springfield,  and  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth  in  1791. 
He  pubhshcd  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  Wasliing- 
ton. 

BALL,  LrCY,  missionary  to  Cliina,  died  June 
6,  1844,  aged  37.  Her  name  was  Mills  of  New 
Haven ;  her  husband  was  Dyer  Ball,  who  em- 
barked in  1838.  Her  oldest  daughter  made  a 
profession  of  religion  in  the  presence  of  all  the 
missionaries  at  Hong  Kong  a  few  weeks  before 
her  mother's  death. 

BALLANTINE,  JoiLV,  minister  of  Westfield, 
was  the  son  of  John  B.  of  Boston,  clerk  of  court 
and  register  of  deeds,  and  of  JIary  Winthroj), 
daughter  of  Adam  W. ;  was  graduated  in  1735 
and  was  ordained  Jwie  17,  1741.  He  died  Feb. 
12,  17  70,  aged  59.  His  wife  was  !Mary,  daughter 
of  Luther  Gay  and  sister  of  Dr.  Gay  of  Suffield. 
His  son,  Wm.  G.,  a  graduate  of  1771,  died  in 
1854)  he  was  the  minister  of  Washiny'on,  Mass., 
ancestor  of  Rev.  Henry  B.,  missionary  to  iuuiii. 
His  daughter,  Mary,  married  Gen.  Ashley.  He. 
published  a  sermon  on  the  march  of  a  company 
to  Crown  Point  June  2,  1756. 


BANISTER. 

BAI-LARD,  JoiiN  B.,  died  in  New  York  Jan. 
29,  1850,  aged  GO.  A  native  of  Dudley,  Mass., 
he  was  the  jiastor  of  several  Bajitist  churches, 
tlien  a  dozen  years  the  agent  of  the  Sunday 
school  union  in  N.  C.  and  Ky. ;  last  a  useful  tract 
missionary  si.\  years  in  N.  Y. 

BALLOU,  liosKA,  died  June  7,  1851,  aged  80, 
Born  in  Richmond,  N.  II.,  the  son  of  a  Baj)tist 
minister,  he  was  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church  ; 
but  on  becoming  a  Univcrsalist  he  was  excluded 
from  the  church.  He  was  settled  in  Dana,  Barn- 
ard, Vt.,  Portsmouth,  Salem ;  and  in  the  School 
street  church  in  Boston  from  1817  till  his  death. 
Ho  ijublishcd  two  orations ;  a  dedication  and  or- 
dination sermon  ;  orthodoxy  unmasked ;  reply  to 
T.  Merritt ;  divine  benevolence,  1815 ;  strictures 
on  Channing's  sermon  ;  series  of  lecture  sermons, 
1818;  series  of  letters;  on  the  atonement,  1828. 

BANCROFT,  A^iROX,  I).  D.,  died  at  Worces- 
ter Aug.  19,  1839,  aged  84.  Bom  at  Reading  in 
1735,  he  graduated  at  Cambridge  in  1778,  and 
was  the  minister  of  a  Unitarian  church  from  1786 
till  his  death.  He  was  the  father  of  Mr.  Bancroft, 
the  historian. 

lie  pubhshcd  eulogv'  on  Washington,  1800; 
life  of  Washington,  1807  ;  election  sermon,  1801 ; 
on  conversion,  1818;  convention  sermon,  1820; 
sermons  on  the  doctrines  of  the  gospel,  1822;  on 
the  death  of  John  Adams ;  at  the  end  of  fifty 
years  of  his  ministry  ;  and  about  twenty-five  other 
single  sermons  and  controversial  pieces. 

I3ANISTER,  Joiix,  an  eminent  botanist,  was 
a  native  of  England.  After  passing  some  time 
in  the  West  Indies  he  came  to  Virginia  and  set- 
tled on  James  River,  near  James  Town.  Roes 
speaks  of  him  as  a  clergyman.  In  1680  he  trans- 
mitted to  Mr.  Ray  a  catalogue  of  plants,  observed 
by  him  in  Virginia,  which  was  published  by  Ray 
in  the  second  volume  of  his  history  of  plants,  in 
the  preface  to  the  supplement  of  which  work, 
published  in  1704,  he  sjiealis  of  Banis'.er  as  an 
illustrious  man,  who  had  long  resided  in  Virginia, 
devoted  to  botanical  pursuits,  and  as  drawing  with 
his  own  hand  the  figures  of  the  rarer  species.  He 
mentions  a!rn,  thp.t  lie  had  fallen  a  victim  to  his 
favorite  pursuit  before  he  had  completed  a  work, 
in  which  he  was  engaged,  on  the  natural  history 
of  Virginia.  In  one  of  his  botanical  excursions, 
while  clambering  the  rocks.  Banister  fell  and  was 
killed.  This  event  occurred  after  1687  and  prob- 
ably before  the  end  of  the  century.  JSIany  of  his 
descendants  arc  living  in  Virginia  and  are  very 
respectable.  In  honor  of  him  Dr.  Houston 
named  a  plant  Banisteria,  of  which  twenty-four 
species  are  enmnerated.  Lawson  says,  he  "  was 
tlic  groc.cesi  virtuoso  we  ever  had  on  the  eonti- 
1  ent. "  Besides  his  "  catalogue  of  plants,"  his  prin- 
cipal work  in  the  philosophical  transactions  1693, 
other  communications  on  natural  history  were 
published  ;   observations  on  the  natural  produc- 


BANNEKER. 


BARD. 


59 


tions  of  Jamaica;  the  insects  of  Virginia,  1700  ;  | 
curiosities  in  Virj^iiiia ;  obscr>'ation8  on  the  musca  I 
lupus  ;  on   several  sorts  of  snails  j    a  description 
of  the  pistolochia  or  8cri)eiitaria  Virginiana,  the 
snake  root.  —  Barton's  Med.  Jour,  II.  134-139; 
Rail's  Slip.;  Laicson,  136. 

BAXNEKEll,  Bexjamix,  a  negro  astronomer, 
died  in  Baltimore  county,  ^Id.,  in  Oct.,  1800,  aged 
70.  His  par(  nts  obtained  their  freedom,  and  sent 
him  to  a  common  school,  where  he  acquired  a 
great  readiness  in  calculation,  lie  assisted  l'!;ilinott 
in  laying  out  the  city  of  Washington.  Procui'ing 
Mayer's  tables,  Ferguson's  astronomy,  and  some 
mstruments,  he  made  sets  of  observations  for  an 
almanac  for  the  years  1792  and  1793.  He  pub- 
lished a  letter  to  the  secretary  of  state,  1792. 

BANNISTER,  William  B.,  died  at  Newbiu^.-- 
port  July  1,  1853,  aged  79.  Bom  in  Brookfield, 
he  was  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth  in  1797  ;  lie  was 
a  man  of  wealth,  pious,  and  benevolent.  In  his 
age  he  married  Miss  Grant,  the  eminent  teacher 
at  I])8wich,  who  survived  him.  For  some  years 
he  was  a  member  of  the  senate,  and  a  trustee  of 
Amherst  college  and  a  visito'-  of  the  theological 
seminary  at  Andover,  and  a  worthy  member  of  I 
various  charitable  institutions,  to  which  he  be- 
queathed about  40,000  dollars,  most  of  liis  prop- 
erty. 

IJAllBOUR,  TnoMAS,  colonel,  was  a  whig  of 
the  Revolution  and  in  17G9  was  a  member  of  the 
house  of  burgesses  of  Virginia,  which  made  the 
first  i)rotest  agauist  the  stamp  act.  He  died  at 
Barboursville  May  16,  182,3,  aged  90.  For  60 
years  he  had  discharged  the  duties  of  a  civil  mag- 
istrate, and  was  many  years  the  sheriff  of  the 
county,  enjoying  in  a  higli  degree  the  confidence 
of  his  fellow  citizens.  He  was  the  father  of 
James  Barbour,  the  secretary  of  war. 

BARBOUR,  Philip  P.,  a  judge  of  the  Su- 
preme court,  and  a  member  of  congress  1814-25, 
and  sjjcaker,  died  at  Washington  Feb.  25,  1841, 
aged  about  60.  He  was  a  man  of  talents  and 
eloquence,  and  successful.  His  disease  was  ossi- 
fication of  the  heart. 

BARBOUR,  JoiiN  S.,  died  in  Culpepper  eo., 
Va.,  Jan.  12,  1855,  aged  05;  from  1823  to  1833  a 
member  of  Congress,  a  man  of  abiUty  and  influ- 
ence. 

BARCLAY,  Robert,  governor  of  F.ast  Jer- 
sey, the  author  of  the  "  Apology  for  the  Quakers," 
died  in  1090,  aged  41.  lie  was  born  in  1G48  in 
Scotland,  and  receiving  his  education  at  Paris  he 
at  first  imbibed  the  Catliolic  tenets,  but  afterwards 
■with  his  father  embraced  the  principles  of  the 
Quakers.  His  book  was  ])ul)lislied  in  liatin  in 
1676,  and  translated  by  himself.  He  travelled 
with  William  Penn  in  England  and  on  the  conti- 
nent. In  1082,  when  East  Jersey  was  transferred 
to  Penn  and  eleven  associates,  he  was  appointed 
the  governor,  though  he  never  came  to  tliis  coim- 


try  J  in  which  office  lord  Neil  Campbell  succeeded 
him  in  1685.  His  brother,  John,  a  useful  citizen 
of  Jersey,  died  at  Amboy  in  1731,  leaving  two 
sons.  His  grandson,  Alexander,  was  comptroller 
of  the  customs  in  Philndelpliia,  and  died  in  1771. 
—  Jennison. 

BARCLAY,  Henry,  D.  1).,  an  Episcopal  cler- 
gjTnan  in  New  York,  was  a  native  of  Albany, 
and  graduated  at  ''>'alo  college  in  1734.  In 
England  he  received  orders  in  the  church,  and 
was  appointed  missionary  to  tlie  Moliuwk  Indians. 
Having  served  hi  this  cajjacity  for  some  years 
with  l)ut  little  success,  he  was  called  to  the  chy  of 
New  York  and  appointed  rectorof  Trinity  church. 
In  this  rcsjjcctable  station  he  continued  till  his 
death,  in  1765.  The  translation  of  tiie  liturgy 
into  the  Mohawk  language,  made  under  his  di- 
rection and  that  of  Rev.  W.  Andrews  and  J. 
Ogihie,  was  ])rinted  in  1769.  "Sir.  Ogilvic  suc- 
ceeded him  both  among  tiic  Indians  and  at  New 
York.  —  Life  of  Il.'Ueii.  245 ;  Miller's  lietros- 
perf,  II.  356. 

BARD,  JoiiN,  a  learned  physician,  died  March 
30,  1799,  aged  83.  He  was  born  in  Burlington, 
\.  J.,  Feb.  1,  1716.  His  lather,  Peter  Bard,  an 
exile  from  France  in  consequence  of  the  revoca- 
tion of  the  edict  of  Nantes,  came  to  this  country 
in  1703  as  a  merchant ;  he  soon  married  the 
daughter  of  Dr.  Marmion,  and  was  for  many 
years  a  member  of  the  council  and  a  judge  of  the 
supreme  court. 

Mr.  Bard  received  his  early  education  under 
the  care  of  Mr.  Annan  of  Philadi'lj)hia,  a  very 
eminent  teacher.  About  the  age  of  fifteen  lie 
was  bound  an  apprentice  for  seven  years  to  Dr. 
Kearsly,  a  surgeon  of  unhappy  temper  and  rigor- 
ous in  the  treatment  of  his  pupils.  Under  his 
thraldom  the  kindness  of  Mrs.  Kearsly  and  the 
friendship  of  Dr.  Franklin  beguiled  his  sorrows. 
He  engaged  in  business  in  1737  and  soon  ac- 
quired a  large  share  of  practice  and  l)ecamc  much 
respected.  In  1743  he  was  induced  by  urgent  ap- 
plications from  New  York  to  remove  to  that  city 
to  supply  the  loss  of  several  eminent  j)hysicians. 
Here  he  continued  till  within  a  few  months  of  his 
death.  In  the  year  1795,  when  the  yellow  fever 
had  jiut  to  flight  a  number  of  physicians,  who 
were  in  the  meridian  of  life,  the  veicran  Dr.  Bard, 
though  verging  towards  his  eightieth  }ear,  re- 
mained at  his  por.t.  In  May,  1798,  he  removed 
to  his  estate  at  Hyde  Park,  near  Pouglikeepsie. 
Here  ho  continued  in  the  enjoyment  of  jierfect 
health,  till  he  felt  a  paralytic  stroke,  which  in  a 
few  days  occasioned  his  death.  He  was  a  firm  be- 
L'ever  in  the  truth  and  excellency  of  the  Christian 
religion.  In  a  letter  to  his  son,  Dr.  Samuel  Bard, 
he  said,  "  aliove  all  things  suffer  not  yourself  by 
any  company  or  examj)le  to  depart,  citlier  in  your 
conversation  or  practice,  from  the  higliest  rever- 
ence to  God  and  your  religion."    In  liis  old  age 


GO 


BARD. 


B.yiD. 


he  was  cheerful  nnd  ri'markublc  for  hi«  (rrotitudc 
to  luH  licuvfiily  Father. 

Dr.  liard  was  cinincnt  in  liis  profession,  and  his 
practice  was  very  cxtcnKivc.  Soon  after  the  close 
of  the  war  with  Great  liritain,  on  the  re-estaldish- 
ment  of  the  medical  society  of  the  state  of  New 
York,  ho  was  elected  its  ])resident,  and  he  was 
placed  in  the  chair  for  six  or  seven  succ(?ssi\e 
yc£»rs.  lie  ])ossessed  a  sinf?iilar  iuf^enuity  and 
quickness  in  discriniinatin;^  diseases ;  yet  he  did 
rot  presumjjtuously  confide  in  his  jjcnetration, 
i.;it  was  remarkably  ])nrticuliir  in  his  in([uines  into 
the  circumstances  of  the  sicli.  liver  desirous  of 
removing  the  disorders,  to  which  the  human  frame 
is  ..uhject,  his  anxiety  and  attention  were  not 
diminished,  when  called  to  visit  the  indijjent,  from 
whom  he  could  not  exj)cct  eompensatiim.  His 
conduct  through  his  whole  life  Mas  marked  by  the 
strictest  honor  and  integrity.  In  conversation  he 
was  polite,  aiTal)lc,  cheerful,  and  entertaining.  'I'o 
his  pupils  he  was  not  only  an  instructor,  but  a 
fother.  In  the  early  jjart  of  his  lii'e  he  devoted 
much  attention  to  ])olite  learning,  in  which  he 
made  great  jiroficicney.  lie  ])()ssesKed  a  correct 
and  elegant  taste,  and  wrote  with  uncommon  ac- 
curacy and  jjrecision.  He  drew  uj)  an  essay  on 
the  ])lcurisy  of  Long  Island  in  174!),  which  pajiei- 
was  not  published ;  a  jjajjcr,  inserted  in  the  Lon- 
don Medical  Observations ;  and  several  jjapers  on 
the  yellow  fever  and  the  evidence  of  its  importa- 
tion, inserted  in  the  American  Medical  Itcgister. 
In  17*50  he  assisted  Dr.  Middieton  in  the  first  re- 
corded disiection  in  America,  that  of  Ilormannus 
Carroll,  executed  for  murder.  —  Thacher'g  Med. 
Did!/.  9(5-103  ;  M'  Virkar's  life  of  S.  Hard. 

BAUD,  Sajil-kl,  M.  D.,  son  of  the  preceding, 
died  May  24,  1821,  aged  79.  He  was  born  in 
Philadelphia  April  1,  1742.  When  a  boy,  in  order 
to  screen  a  servant,  who  had  broken  liis  father's 
cane,  he  falsely  took  the  blame  to  himself.  His 
father  praised  his  generosity,  hut  severely  pun- 
ished his  falsehood,  thus  giving  liim  a  lesson  on 
the  value  of  truth,  wliich  he  was  careful  to  trans- 
mit to  his  cliildren.  From  his  mother  he  received 
early  impressions  m  favor  of  religion,  llcsidlng 
one  summer,  on  account  of  ill  health,  in  the  fum- 
ily  of  Lieut.-Gov.  Golden,  his  father's  friend,  he 
acquired  a  taste  for  botany  under  the  teaching  of 
Miss  Colden.  His  skill  in  painting  enabled  him 
to  perpetuate  the  beauty  of  plants.  Wliile  a  stu- 
dent at  Columbia  college  he  formed  the  habit  of 
early  rising,  at  daylight  in  summer  and  on  hour 
previous  to  it  in  winter,  wliich  he  continued 
through  hfe.  In  Sept.,  1701,  he  embarked  for 
England  hi  order  to  obtain  a  thorough  medical 
education,  and  was  ab.'cnt,  in  Franco,  England, 
nnd  Scotland,  five  years.  His  professional  studies 
were  ])ursued  with  undiminished  zeal,  and  espe- 
cially under  the  illustrious  teachers  in  the  school 
of  Edinburgh.     Such  was  liis  skill  in  botany,  that 


ho  obtained  the  annual  medal,  given  by  Dr.  Hope, 
the  professor,  for  the  best  collection  of  jilimts. 
He  received  his  degree  at  Edinburgh  in  May, 
170ijl.  On  his  return  he  found  liis  father  in  debt 
lor  his  education,  which  had  cost  more  than  a 
thousand  jioundsj  he  entered  into  partnership 
with  him  and  for  three  years  drew  nothing  beyond 
his  expenses  from  the  jirofits  of  the  bi'.siness, 
amounthig  to  jLIoOO  a  year.  Having  thus  hon- 
orably discharged  this  debt,  he  married  his  cousin 
Mary  Bard,  a  lady  of  beauty  and  accom])lisli- 
mcnts,  to  whom  he  had  long  been  attached.  He 
formed  this  connection  on  a  stock  of  £!((((,  ol)- 
scrving,  that  "  his  wife's  economy  would  double  his 
earnings." 

Dr.  Bard  formed  the  plan  of  the  medical  school 
of  New  York,  which  was  established  within  a  year 
after  his  return.  He  was  a]i])ointed  jirofessor  of 
the  practice  of  physic.  Medical  degrees  were 
first  conferred  in  17G9.  In  the  same  year  the 
hospital  was  founded  by  his  exertions;  but  the 
buihhng  was  burnt,  causing  a  delay  of  the  estab- 
lishment until  1791.  In  1774  he  delivered  a 
course  of  chemical  lectures.  In  the  time  of  the 
war  he  left  the  city,  placing  his  family  in  the 
house  of  his  father  at  Hyde  Park ;  but,  anxious  to 
])rovide  for  his  who  and  children,  and  to  secure 
liis  propel 'v,  he  the  next  year  by  iJcrmLssion 
returned  to  New  York,  while  the  enemy  had 
])osscssion  of  it,  and  engaged  anew  in  his  pro- 
fessional business,  after  being  a  considerable  time 
without  o  call  and  reduced  to  his  last  guinea. 
After  the  return  of  peace  Washington  selected 
him  as  his  family  physician.  At  this  jieriod  he 
lost  four  out  of  his  six  children  by  the  scarlatina, 
which  prevailed  in  a  virulent  form,  attended  with 
deUrium.  In  consequence  of  the  illness  of  Mrs. 
Bard  he  withdrew  from  business  for  a  year, 
devoting  liimself  to  her.  A  prayer  for  her 
recovery  was  found  among  his  papers.  In  1784 
he  returned  to  the  city.  At  this  jieriod  he  devoted 
5000  guineas  to  enable  his  father  to  free  himself 
from  debt.  At  another  time,  when  he  had  ac- 
cumulated loOO  guuieas,  he  sent  that  sum  to 
England,  but  kjst  it  by  the  failure  of  the  banker. 
On  receiving  the  intelligence,  he  said  to  his  wife, 
"  We  are  ruined  j '  but  she  replied,  "  Never  mind 
the  loss,  wo  will  soon  make  it  up  again."  Having 
formed  the  purpose  to  retire  from  business,  he  in 
1795  took  Dr.  Ilosack  into  partnership,  ond  in 
1798  removed  to  his  scat  in  the  neighborhood  of 
his  father  at  Hyde  Park.  But,  when  the  yellow 
fever  appeared,  ho  resolutely  returned  to  his  post. 
By  his  fearless  exposure  of  himself  he  took  the 
tlisease,  but  nursed  by  his  faithful  wile  he  recovered. 
The  remaining  twenty-three  years  of  his  life  wore 
spent  in  happy  retirement,  surrounded  by  his 
children  and  grandchildren,  delighted  with  their 
society,  and  finding  much  enjoyment  also  in 
agricultm°al  improvements,  in  contemplating  the 


\. 


DARKER. 


BARLOW. 


«l 


bcautioR  of  nature,  and  in  tho  fjrntificntion  of  his  |  was  yet  at  Rchool,  leaving  him  property  oufflcicnt 
continued  thirHt  for  knowicdi,')'.  For  the  benefit  only  to  defray  the  ex])enMes  of  Iuh  education.  In 
of  those,  who  with  himNelf  had  enframed  in  rearing  ,  177.>  he  won  placed  at  Dartmouth  college ;  l)ut  he 
merino  sheej),  lie    jjuhliNhcd    "  'I'ln'   ShepherdV  I  very  Hoon  removi-d  to  Yale  college,  where  he  wa« 


Guide."  In  1H1;J  he  was  appointed  president  of 
the  college  of  iihysicianH  and  surgeonH.  His 
discourses,  on  conferring  degrees,  Wi  c  very  im- 
pressive. He  died  of  the  pleurisy,  and  his  wife 
of  the  same  disorder  the  ])reccding  dayi  they 
were  buried  in  one  grave.  It  had  long  been 
their  wish  to  be  thus  united  in  death,  and  a  re- 
markable dream  of  Mrs.  Hard  to  this  ellccl  was 
remembered. 

Dr.  IJard  was  attached  to  the  E])iscopal  mode 
of  religious  worship.  The  church  at  Hyde  I'ark 
was  chiefly  founded  by  him  in  ISM,  and  to 
provide  for  tlu;  absence  of  its  rix;tor  he  procured 
a  license  to  act  as  lay  reader  at  the  ago  of  seventy. 
lie  regularly  devoted  a  part  of  the  morning  to 
religious  reading  and  reflection.  Of  religion  he 
said  to  his  son,  William  Hard,  Ksq.,  "'I'liis  is  our 
stronghold,  our  castle  and  rt)ck  of  delencc,  our 
refuge  in  times  of  adversity,  our  comforter  under  i  cidiivatc 


misfortune,  our  cheerful  companion  and  friendly 
monitor  in  the  hours  of  gladness  and  prosijerity." 
The  following  is  an  extract  from  the  form  of 
daily  devotion,  used  by  himself  and  wile :  "  O 
God!  enlighten  our  understanding,  that  we  may 
comi)rehcnd  thy  will,  strengthen  our  resolution  to 
obey  thy  commands,  endow  us  with  resignation 
under  thy  dispensations,  and  fill  our  hearts  with 
love  and  gratitude  for  all  thy  benefits.  Give  unto 
us,  O  liord,  whose  lives  thou  hast  continued  to  so 
late  a  day,  sincere  and  true  repentance,  and  grant, 
that  ns  age  advances  upon  us,  our  minds  maj'  be 
more  and  more  enlightened  by  the  knowledge  of 
thy  will,  more  resigned  to  thy  dispensations,  and 
more  invigorated  with  the  resolution  to  obey  thy 
commands.  C!alm  all  our  thoughts  and  fears  j 
give  peace  and  quiet  to  our  latter  doys ;  and  so 
support  us  by  thy  grace  through  the  weakness 
and  infirmities  of  age,  that  we  may  die  in  humble 
hope  and  confidence  of  thy  merciful  jiardon 
through  the  merits  of  our  Rjcdecmer."  lie  pub- 
lished a  treatise  do  viribus  opii,  1705  j  on  angina 
suflbcativa,  re])ul).  in  vol.  i.  Amcr.  Phil.  8oc.  j  on 
the  use  of  cold  in  hemorrhage ;  comjicndium  of 
midwifery,  18()7,  and  subsequent  editions  j  many 
occasional  addresses  to  ])ul)lic  bodies ;  and  anni- 
versary discourses  to  medical  students.  —  Life  by 
McVi'i'kar;  T/tacIier'n  MciL  Jiii);/.  l();j-143. 

UAIlKKll,  John,  general,  an  oflicer  of  the 
Revolution,  died  at  IMiiladelphia  A])ril  3,  1818, 
aged  72;  he  was  sherllf,  mayor,  and  a  popular 
orator. 

BARLOW,  JoKi.,  on  eminent  statesman  and 
jioet,  died  in  Poland  Dec.  '22, 1812,  aged  58.  He 
was  born  at  Reading,  Conn.,  March  24,  1754, 
and  was  the  youngest  of  ten  children.  His 
father,  Samuel,  a  respectable  farmer,  died  while  he 


graduated  in  1778,  being  ranked  among  the  first 
(if  his  class,  for  talents  and  learning,  and  ])articu- 
larly  Jonsjiicuou.s  for  his  skill  in  poctrj'.  During 
the  vacations  of  the  college  he  more  than  once 
seized  his  musket,  and  ri'])aircd  as  a  volunteer  to 
the  camp,  where  four  of  his  brothers  were  on  duty. 
He  was  jiresent  at  several  skirmishes,  ond  is  said 
to  have  fought  bravely  in  the  battle  of  the  White 
Plains. 

After  lea\ing  college  he  engaged  for  a  short 
time  in  the  study  of  the  law ;  but,  l)eing  urged  to 
(pialify  himself  for  the  office  of  chaplain,  he 
applied  himself  diligently  to  the  study  of  theology, 
and  at  the  end  of  six  weeks  was  licensed  to 
preach.  He  immediately  joined  the  army  and 
discharged  the  duties  of  his  new  station  until  the 
I  return  of  peace.  As  a  ])reacher  he  was  much 
res])ccte(l.  But  in  the  camp  he  continued  to 
his   taste   for   jioctry,  writing  patriotic 


songs,  and  comjwsing,  in  jiart,  bis  Vision  of  Co- 
lumbus. He  also  ])ublished  m  1780  an  elegy  on 
the  death  of  his  early  friend  and  patron,  Titus 
Hosnicr,  and  in  1781  a  poem  entitled  "The 
Prospect  of  Peace,"  which  he  had  pronounced  at 
Commencement.  About  this  time  he  married 
Rulh  Baldwin  of  New  Haven,  sister  of  Abraliam 
Baldwin. 

In  178;j,  after  the  army  was  disbanded,  he 
returned  to  the  study  of  the  law  at  Hartford, 
where  for  his  immediate  supjjort  he  established  a 
weekly  newspaper.  The  original  articles,  which 
ho  inserted,  gave  it  celebrity  and  a  wide  circula- 
tion. In  1785  he  was  admitted  to  tho  bar  and 
in  the  same  year  pubUshed  a  corrected  and 
enlarged  edition  of  Watts'  version  of  the  Psalms 
with  a  collection  of  hymns.  It  was  jjrinted  at 
Hartford  by  "Barlow  &  Babcock."  This  work 
was  und<;rtaken  at  the  request  of  the  General 
Association  of  the  ministers  of  Connecticut,  and 
I)ublished  by  their  recommendation.  Many  of 
the  psalms  were  altered  so  as  to  be  ada])ted  to 
the  American  churches,  several  were  written 
almost  anew,  and  several,  which  had  been 
omitted  by  Dr.  Watts,  were  suj)plied.  Barlow 
inserted  also  some  original  hymns.  In  1787  he 
published  the  Vision  of  Columbus,  a  large  poem, 
with  flattering  success.  It  was  dedicated  to  Louis 
XVI.  Some  of  its  interesting  passages  are  said 
to  be  imitations  or  copies  of  descriptions  in  the 
Incas  of  Marmontel. 

About  this  time  he  gave  up  his  conceni  in  the 
weekly  paper,  and  opened  a  book-shop,  chiefly 
with  a  view  to  the  sale  of  his  j)oom  and  of  the 
new  edition  of  the  psalms.  IlaWng  accompli' lied 
these  objects,  he  quitted  the  business  and  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  the  law.    But  in  this  profession 


«a 


BARLOW. 


liC   WM  not  Bucce^sful.     He  wan  concomcd   in 

K Viral  occaNional  jmblicutioim  ut  Ilnrtford,  ])ui'- 

tk  narly  in  the  Aiinrcliiud.  a  very  Kiiij^uiar  jiocm, 

whi  h  was  projoetcd  l)y  ])r.  lI()])kinN,  ajul  which 

Lad  tonsidcrnhic  jioliticul  inlhiencc.     In  an  oration 

Juiy   4,    1787,    he   eamcHtly   rccommendi'd    an 

efficient  general  government,  the  new  Constitution 

being  thtii  under  consideration  of  the  con><'ntii'!i 

at  I'hiladelphia.     Urged  l)y  the  necessity  at'  jiro 

vlding  for  his  subsistence,  lie  went  to  !;K(ojjr  in 

IV-H  as  the  agent  of  the  Scioto  land  (f-Miwii;-. 

buf  'gnorant  of  their  fraudulent  designs.      l''roi.'. 

England  he  crossed  over  to  I'vance,  win  re  lit- 

madi;  sale  of  nome  of  the  JmuIs;  but   u:  the 

rcsuli   he  was  leli  without  anj    icso'irce  for  his 

maihionance,  exceptiii.f  his  own  t;'!iiits  and  iC  ju- 

tation.     At  this  jieri'i.)  )iis  zeal  for  t(  j  ul)licanism 

iiiduced  him  to  take  ;ii)  ; '.tive  part  in  the  French 

ItevoUiiioii,  being  particulurly  connecti-d  with  tbv 

Giroiidisis,  or  the  moderate  I'lnv.     Jn  !  ;91  he 

went  to  I'^iifr't-nd,  where   l.t-  puiilithod  the  'irst 

part  of  liis  "Advice  to  the  I'riviii'goti  Orf'ers,"  u 

work  in  which  he  rejirolmtes  t','   feiiclid  systeii-, 

the  natioiiiil  church  estai)lishmci.t.-),  tiie  military 

systeiti,   th(    administration   of  jubtice,   and   the 

Bystcm  of  revenue  and  finance,  as  they  exist  in 

tlie  loyal  and  aristocratical  governments  of  Ku- 

rope.    In  Feb.,  179l.',ht  pulilished  the  '-ronsijiracy 

of  Kings,"  a  i:oem  of  about  four  hun.lred  lines, 

occasioned  by  the  first  coalition  of  the  t<M.Uinental 

sovereigns  against  France  ;  and  in  the  a'tunin  of 

the  same  year  a  letter  to  the  national  (■  ::!vention 

of  France,  in  which  he  recommends  amoir:;  other 

measures  the  abolition  of  the  connection  L'l'tween 

the  government  and  the  national  church.    'I'hese 

publications  brought  him  some  profit  as  wt  il  as 

fame.     At  the  close  of  this  year  he  was  dejjutcd 

by  the  London  constitutional  society  to  j)resent 

their  adcbess  to  the  French  national  convciuion, 

wliich  conferred  ujjon  him  the  rights  of  a  French 

citizen.     Fearful  of  the  resentment  of  the  English 

government,  he  now  fixed  his  residence  in  France. 

A  de])utation  being  soon  sent  to  Savoy  to  organize 

it  as  a  department  of  the  Ilcpublic,  ho  accompanied 

it  with  his  friend,  Grcgoire,  to  Chamberry,  the 

capital,  where  he  resided  several  months,  and  at 

the   request   of  his   legislative  friends  wrote  an 

address  to  the  peo])le  of  I'iedmont,  incithig  them 

to  throw  off  their  allegiance  to  their  king.     At 

this  time  ho  also  comjjosed  "  IlaK'.y  Pudding,"  a 

mock  didactic   poem,  the  most   popidar  of  liis 

poetical  productions.     After  his  return  to  Paris  he 

translated  Volney's  Iluins,  but  his  time  was  prin- 

cijjally  occupied  by  commercial  speculations,  in 

which  he  acquired  a  large  proj)erty.     Shocked  by 

the  atrocities  of  the  devolution,  he  took  little 

part  in  polities. 

About  the  year  179j  he  went  to  the  north  of 
Eurojje  to  accomplish  some  private  business, 
entrusted  to  him,  and  ou  his  return  was  appointed 


BARLOW. 

by  President  Washington  as  consul  at  Algiers, 
with  ])()wcrs  to  negotiate  a  treaty  of  peace  with 
the  l)ey  and  redeem  the  American  en])tives  on  the 
coast  of  Itarlmry.  He  immediately  left  Pari",  and 
passhig  through  Sjiain  crossed  over  to  .Algiers. 
He  soon  concluded  a  treaty  and  negotiated  also  a 
treaty  with  Tri])oli,  rescuing  many  American 
Lilian;,  i'rom  slavery.  His  humane  exertions  were 
atici!ili"i  with  "vat  danger.  In  17i)7  he  resigned 
liis  eoi  Ki.i.  hip  .ii".l  returned  to  Paris,  where  he 
jiurchasrd  the  s;  ':-ndid  hotel  of  the  Count  C'ler- 
'nont  d  •  Tonr'.it  .1  which  he  lived  for  some  years 
i'  .  sur.o;  'uoiis  ij,i  il  -jr. 

On  ilii;  occiirvji'o  of  the  rupture  between  his 
native  country  o')d  Franco,  he  ])ublished  a  letter 
to  the  iJC0])le  of  the  United  States  on  the  meas- 
ures of  Mr.  Adams'  administration.  This  wap 
soon  followed  by  a  second  j)art,  containiiig  specu- 
lations on  Trious  political  subjects.  At  this 
jjerioil  he  presented  a  memoir  to  the  French 
'jroverumcrt,  derouncing  the  whole  system  of 
I  )  liv"  ring,  ,.iid  contending  for  the  right  of 
i  iieuli .  '^  to  trud^'  in  articles  contraband  of  war. 
!  In  tlie  sjjring  of  l.SO,j,  having  sold  his  real 
estate  in  France,  he  returned  to  America  after  an 
absence  of  nearly  seventeen  years.  He  jiurcha.'-xd 
a  beautiful  situation  and  house  near  Georgetown, 
but  within  the  limits  of  the  city  of  Washington. 
This  place  he  called  "Kalorama."  He  printed  in 
18()G  a  j)rospcctus  of  a  national  institution  at 
A\'ashington,  which  should  combine  a  univer.'iity 
with  a  learned  society,  together  with  a  n.ilitary 
and  naval  academy  and  a  school  of  fine  arts.  In 
compUance  with  this  project  a  bill  was  introduced 
into  the  Senate,  but  it  was  not  ))assed  into  a  lav. 

In  1808  he  published  tin  Colunibiad,  a  ];oem, 
wliich  had  been  the  labor  of  half  his  life,  in  the 
most  splendid  volume,  which  had  e\  er  issued  from 
the  American  press.  It  was  adorned  by  excellent 
engravings,  executed  in  London,  and  was  inscribed 
to  llobert  Fulton,  with  whom  he  had  long  lived  in 
friendship  and  whom  he  regarded  as  his  adopted 
son.  Tliis  work,  though  soon  published  in  a 
cheaper  form,  has  never  acquired  much  poijularity. 
As  an  epic  poem  it  has  great  faults  both  in  the 
plan  and  the  execution.  It  is  justly  ex])0Ked  to 
severe  criticism  for  some  extravagant  and  absurd 
flights  of  fail-'  ;d  for  the  many  new  coined  and 
uncouth  worv  .lich  it  contains.  Iti^  sentiments 
also  have  been  thought  hostile  to  Christianity. 
Grcgoire  addressed  a  letter  to  the  author,  re- 
proving liim  for  jilacing  the  cross  among  the 
symbols  of  fraud,  folly,  and  error.  Mr.  Barlow  in 
his  rej)ly  declared,  that  he  was  not  an  unbeliever, 
or  that  he  had  not  renounced  Chrisiianity,  and 
justified  the  description,  which  had  ottaided 
Grcgoire,  on  the  ground  that  he  had  be^-n  ac- 
customed to  regard  the  cross  not  as  the  emblem 
of  Christianity  itself  but  of  its  corruptions  bv 
popery. 


BARNARD. 


BARNARD. 


63 


In  1811  he  wa«  nominntcd  n  minister  ])lrnipo- 
tcntiary  to  the  French  f^overnnu'nt,  liut  in  liis 
attempt  to  ncf^oiiato  n  treaty  of  commerce  and 
indemnification  for  s])oliations  he  wa»  not  succcnh- 
ful.  At  lenf;lh,  in  October,  1S12,  he  was  invited 
to  a  conference  with  the  em]ieror  at  AVihia.  He 
immediately  set  off,  travellin>;  day  and  niifht. 
Overcome  by  fntij^ue,  and  exposed  to  sudden 
chan;»es  from  extreme  cold  to  the  excessive  heat 
of  the  small  cottafjcs  of  the  Jews,  which  are  the 
only  taverns  in  I'olaml,  he  was  seized  by  a  violent 
mtlammation  of  the  lun}j;n,  which  terminated  his 
life  at  Zarnowica,  or  Zarnowitch,  an  obscure 
villaf^c  near  Cracow.  His  widow  died  in  Wash- 
ington May  ao,  1S18,  a{?cd  02. 

He  was  of  an  amiable  dis]ioF:ition  and  domestic 
habits,  generally  silent  in  mixed  company,  and 
often  absent  in  mind.  His  manners  were  grave 
and  dignified.  If,  as  there  is  reason  to  conclude, 
though  once  a  preacher  of  the  gos])el  he  luid 
ceased  to  regard  it  as  of  Divine  authority,  and 
died  without  the  supjiort  of  its  glorious  jiiomises  ; 
there  is  no  wise  man,  who  will  envy  him  the 
possession  of  his  worhlly  jirospcrity  and  distiuL'- 
tion  acquired  at  the  ]irice  of  the  abandonment 
of  the  religion,  which  ho  once  ])reached.  As  a 
poet  Mr.  iJarlow  will  hardly  Uve  in  the  memory 
of  future  ages.  His  vision  of  Columbus,  vcplele 
with  the  scenes  of  the  ]{evolution,  acquired,  not- 
withstanding its  imi)errcetions,  great  ))opidarity  ius 
a  national,  patriotic  jioem.  15ut,  when  east  anew 
into  an  ejnc  form,  with  the  attemjit  to  give,  by 
means  of  a  vision,  an  e])ie  unity  to  a  long  scries  of 
unconnected  actions,  ])rcsenting  philosophical  spec- 
ulation rather  than  interesting  narrative,  the  Co- 
lumbiad  simk  into  neglect.  Besides  intellectual 
power  a  poet  must  have  a  rich  fancy,  a  refined 
taste,  and  a  heart  of  feeling.  Mr.  Barlow  had 
meditated  a  general  history  of  the  United  States, 
and  made  large  collections  of  the  necessary  docu- 
ments. 

1  le  published  several  piwvs  in  .\mericau  Poems : 
prospect  of  peace,  ITS  I ;  vision  of  Columbus,  i7S7  ; 
the  cons])iracy  of  kings,  London,  1796;  advico  to 
privileged  orders,  in  two  parts ;  a  letter  to  the 
national  convention ;  address  to  the  ixjople  of 
Piedmont;  hasty  pudding,  a  ])ocm,  12nK).  1796; 
the  Columbiad,  410.  IWH,  and  12mo.  1S()9;  ora- 
tion on  the  fourth  July,  l.Sl)9.  —  Lnwh'H  Monthly 
Mag.  1798;  Public' Vhnrwters,  mXJ,  p.  152- 
180;  Monthly  M<:ig>  and  American  Review,  I. 
'l(),j-468;  Ayuihdic  Mag.  IV.  130-158;  Speci- 
mens of  American  Poetry,  II.  1-13. 

BAUNAUD,  Joiix,  minister  of  ^larblchead, 
died  Jan.  24,  1770,  aged  88  years.  He  was  born 
in  Boston  Nov.  0,  1681.  His  parents  were  re- 
markable for  their  piety,  and  they  took  particular 
care  of  his  education.  He  was  graduated  at  Har- 
vard college  in  1700.  In  the  former  j)art  of  his 
collegial  course  the  sudden  death  of  two  of  his 


acquaintance  impressed  his  mind  and  led  him  to 
think  of  his  own  departure  from  this  world ;  hut 
the  impression  was  soon  effaced.     However,  be- 
fore he  left   that  instituticm  he  was  brought  to 
repentance,  and  he  resolved  to  yield  himself  to 
the  I  mmands  of  (iod.     In  1702  he  unit('<l  him- 
self to  the  north  church  in  Boston  midcr  the 
pastoral  care  of  the  Mathers.     In  1705  he  was 
invited   to  settle  at  Yarmouth,  but   he  declined 
acce])ting  the  invitation.     He  wn     '  inploycd  for 
some  time  as  an  assistant  to  ])r.  (cilinan.     Being 
fond   of  active  life,  he  was   a])])()inted   i)y  (Jov. 
Dudley  one  of  the  chajilains,  who  nccomimnied 
the  army  to  Port  Iloyal  in  1707  to  reduce  that 
fortress.     In  an  attempt   to  take  a  plan  of  the 
fort,  a  cannon  ball  was  fired  at  him,  that  covered 
him  with  dirt  without  doing  him  ai\y  injury.     At 
the   solicitatidii   of  Ca])t.   John   'Weutwinih,   he 
sailed  with  him  to  Itarbadoes  and  London.    While 
he  was  in  this  city  the  afiair  of  Dr.  Saelievercl 
took  place,  of  which  he  would  often  speak.     He 
Ijcc^une  acquainted  with  some  of  the  tiimous  dis- 
senting ministers,  and  received  some  advant.igoous 
ofiers  of  settlement  if  he  would  remain  in  l-^ng- 
land.     He  might  have  accompanied  Lord  Whar- 
ton to  Ireland  as  his  chaplain,  but  he  refused  to 
conform  to  the  anicles  of  the  national  church. 
Soon  after  this  he  retimied  to  seek  a  settlement 
in  his  own  country.     The  north  clnu'ch  in  Boston 
was  built  for  him  and  ho  preached  the  dedication 
sermon  May  23,  1714,  expeciliig  soon  to  bo  or- 
dained  according  to  mutual   agreement ;  but  a 
more  popular  candidate,  a  Mr.  Webb,  being  in- 
vited at  the  request  of  Dr.  Cotton  Mather,  the 
people  chose  him  for  their  ])astor.     Of  this  trans- 
action he  could  not  s];eak  with  calmness  to  the 
day  of  his  death.     He  was  ordained  ministe"  of 
Marblehead  July  18,  1716,  as  colleague  with  Mr. 
Cheever.     In  17()2  he  received  Mr.  Whitwell  as 
his  assistant.     The  last  sermon,  which  he  jjreachcd, 
was  delivered  Jan.  8,  1769. 

Mr.  Barnard  was  eminent  for  his  learning  and 
jjicty,  and  was  famous  among  the  divines  of 
America.  During  the  latter  part  of  his  life,  when 
he  retained  a  vigor  of  mind  and  zeal  uncommon 
at  so  advanced  an  age,  he  was  regarded  as  the 
father  of  the  churches.  His  form  was  remark- 
ably erect,  and  he  never  bent  under  the  infirmi- 
ties of  years.  His  countenance  was  grand,  his 
mien  majestic,  and  there  was  a  dignity  in  his 
whole  deportment.  His  presence  restrained  the 
imi)rudencc  and  folly  of  youth,  and  when  the 
aged  saw  him,  they  arose  and  stood  up.  He 
added  a  knowledge  of  the  Hebrew  to  his  other 
theological  attainments ;  he  was  well  acquainted 
with  the  mathematics ;  and  he  excelled  in  skill 
for  naval  architecture.  Several  draughts  of  his, 
the  amusement  of  leisure  hours,  were  commended 
by  master  ship-builders.  When  he  first  went  to 
Marblehead  and  for  some  years  al'terwards,  tliere 


64 


BARNARD. 


BARNARD. 


WM  not  nnn  fradinff  vpssol  hclon);!!!};  to  the  tow-n. 
It  wan  throii){h  his  exertions,  that  ii  roninu'rcial 
imijrovomeiit  Hoon  tiiok  |iliici'.  llnviiif,'  taken 
prcat  painH  to  learn  "  the  mystery  "I'  the  i'lsU 
trade,"  ho  directed  the  peojile  to  the  hc.st  u'o. 
which  they  could  make  of  the  Hdvantn(,'e,s  of  their 
Hituatioii.  A  yoiini,'  man  was  first  ])crsuaded  to 
send  a  dniall  carp)  to  llarljadoes,  and  iiis  nucccss 
was  so  encouraf,'iM}f,  tliat  tlie  ];eojile  were  soon 
nlile  ill  their  own  vessels  to  trans])ort  their  fish  to 
the  West  Indies  and  J!\n-o])e.  In  1707  there 
were  thirty  or  forty  vessels,  liel()nf,'inf,'  to  tlic 
town,  emiil'ived  in  the  foreif^n  trade.  A\'lien  Mr. 
llarnard  first  went  to  Marhlehead,  there  was  nm 
in  the  ])lace  so  much  as  one  jirojier  carpenter, 
nor  mason,  nor  tailor,  nor  hutcher. 

By  j)rudenee  in  the  inaiiagciiiriit  of  his  affairs 
lie  ac(iiiiri'd  coiuiderahle  i]ro|;crly!  Imt  he  fjave 
tithes  of  all  he  |iossessed.  I  lis  charity  was  of  a 
kind,  which  is  worliiy  of  imitation.  He  was  not 
(lispoM'd  to  f{i\('  iMMcli  encoiinif^'enu'iit  to  common 
lief,'f,'ars,  hut  he  soufjlit  out  those  oljecls  of  hc- 
iievolent  attention,  who  modestly  hid  their  wants. 
The  poor  were  orten  led  hy  him,  and  the  widow's 
heart  was  f,'laddened,  while  they  knew  not  where 
to  return  thanks,  e.\ce])t  to  the  merciful  I''ather 
of  the  wretched.  In  one  kind  of  charity  ho  was 
somewhat  jioculiar.  lie  generally  sup])orted  at 
school  two  hoys,  whose  ])arcnt8  were  iinalilo  to 
meet  this  e.xjiense.  Ity  liis  last  will  ho  gave  200 
pounds  to  Harvard  college.  He  left  no  children. 
Ill  his  sickness,  which  terminated  in  his  death,  ho 
said  with  tears  flowing  from  his  eyes,  "  .My  very 
soul  Moods,  when  I  romeinlier  my  sins;  Imt  I 
trust  I  have  sincerely  re])ented,  and  that  CJod  will 
accept  me  for  Christ's  sake.  His  righteousiiosH  is 
my  only  dependonco." 

The  iHihlicatioiiN  of  Mr.  Barnard  are  numerous 
and  valuable.  They  show  his  theological  knowl- 
edge, and  his  talents  as  a  wiiter.  His  stylo  is 
!)lain,  warm,  and  energetic.  The  doctrines,  which 
le  enforces,  are  the  same,  which  were  embr  .  x\l 
liy  the  fathers  of  Now  England.  Hi.s  autobiog- 
ra]ihy  is  in  Historical  Collections,  ill.  vol.  v.  He 
published  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  G.  Cur- 
whi  of  Salem,  1717;  on  the  death  of  his  col- 
league, S.  Chee\er,  1721 ;  history  of  the  strange 
odventnres  of  I'liilij)  Ashton,  I72oi  two  discom\sos 
addressed  to  young  persons,  with  one  on  the 
eartlupiake,  17'_'7j  a  volume  of  sermons  on  the 
confirmation  of  the  Cliristian  religion,  on  com- 
pelling men  to  come  in,  and  the  saints'  victory 
and  rewards,  1727;  judgment,  mercy,  and  faith, 
1720;  on  the  certainty  of  the  birth  of  Chri.st, 
1731;  election  sermon,  1734;  call  to  parents  and 
children,  1737;  convention  sermon,  1738;  zeal 
for  good  works,  1742;  election  sermon,  174G; 
the  imjierfection  of  the  creatiiro  and  the  e.\cel- 
lency  of  the  di\iiie  commandment,  in  nine  ser- 
mons, 1747;   the  mystery  of  the  gospel  iii  the 


salvation  of  a  sinner,  in  several  dii-coiirses,  IT.'fl; 
a  \ersion  of  the  psalms,  I7.VJi  .n  proof  of  .Jesii.s 
Christ's  being  the  Messiah,  a  Dudleian  Itctiire, 
the  first  that  was  jmblished,  17.'>(i)  the  true  di- 
vinity of  Jesus  Christ,  I7(it;  a  discourse  at  the 
ordination  of  Mr.  Wliitwell,  u  charge,  and  an  ad- 
dress to  the  peojile,  annexed  to  Mr.  T.  Hariiard's 
ordination  sermon,  I7(i2.  A  letter  roni  Mr.  llar- 
nard to  I'resident  Stiles,  writ  I  en  in  1707,  giving  a 
sketch  of  the  eniiiient  ministers  of  New  I'.iigluiid, 
is  ])ublislied  ill  the  .Ma.ss.  Hist.  Coll. —  Wliitvcll'n 
/•'iiiienil  ScniKiii ;  ('nllcrHiiiin  of  IlLiliiriral  Si>- 
"iilij,  vm.  Oli-O!);  ,\.  1.j7,  107  ;  llnlmcs,  ii.  .VJo. 
I).\UN.\rj<,  John,  minister  of  .\ndover,  Mass., 
was  the  grandson  of  Francis  liarnard  of  lladley, 
and  the  son  of  Thomas  liarnard,  the  third  min- 
ister of  Andover,  who  was  ordained  colleague 
with  I'rancis  Dane  in  10H2  and  died  Oct.  13,  I71H. 
The  first  minister  of  .Andover  was  J.  \Voo(lI;ridge. 
—  ^Ir.  Harnard  was  graduated  in  170!)  and  suc- 
ceeding his  father  in  the  niir.istr}  died  .June  14, 
17.'<H,  ag((l  OS.  During  his  ministry  Mr.  I'liillij  s 
was  the  ininisler  of  the  south  parish.  Ho  was 
succeeded  by  Mr.  Symnies.  His  sons  were  min- 
isters of  Salem  and  Haverhill.  He  imblished  .i 
discourse  on  the  eartli(piake ;  to  a  society  of 
young  men;  on  nint'ul  mirth,  172.S;  on  death  of 
A.  Abbot,  1730;  at  ordusation  of  T.  Walker, 
1731  ;  election  sermon,  174(). 

IIAUX.VRD,  TnoM.\s,  minister  of  Salem,  the 
son  of  the  iirccedhig,  died  .Vug.  lo,  1770,  aged  02. 
He  wan  graduated  at  Harvard  college  hi  1732 
and  (nil:u'ii(d  at  Ncwimry  Jan.  31,  1730.  Dis- 
turl  cd  liy  llioi-e,  who  cnlled  in  (piestion  the  cor- 
rectness of  his  fciitiineiils,  ho  was  di.'iiniss(  d  at  liis 
own  recpiest,  and  afterwards  studied  law.  Ho  was 
iiislallcd  Sojjt.  17,  17oo,  as  the  minister  of  the 
first  church  at  Sakin,  and  received  Asa  Dunbar 
as  hi.s  colleague  in  1772;  Dr.  I'rhice  siiccocded 
Mr.  Dunbar  in  1770.  A  jiaialytic  ufi'ecli(m  im- 
])aired  his  mental  jjowers.  Ho  was  regarded  as  u 
semi-arian  of  Dr.  Clarke's  school,  and  as  rather  an 
Arminian,  than  a  Calvinist.  As  a  preacher  he 
was  destitute  of  animation  and  he  was  deficient 
in  ])ersi;icuity  of  style.  He  iiublishcd  discoun  cs 
at  the  ordination  of  E.  Barnard,  1743;  of  Mr. 
Bailey  of  rortfmoiith,  1757;  of  W.  ■Whitwell, 
1702;  before  the  society  for  encouraging  industry, 
17o7;  at  the  artillery  election,  17iJ8;  at  the  elec- 
tion, 1703;  Dudleian  lecture,  1708;  at  the  ftmeral 
of  P.  Clarke,  1708. — Mass.  Ilistoricul  CUkc- 
tioHK,  VI.  273. 

B.VRNARD,  EnwAitn,  minister  of  Ilavorliill, 
the  brother  of  the  preceding,  was  graduated  in 
1730,  and  ordahied  April  27,  1743,  as  the  suc- 
cessor of  John  Brown.  lie  died  Jan.  2(i,  1771, 
aged  fl3,  and  was  succeeded  by  John  Shaw.  In 
his  last  days  a  division  sprung  up  in  his  society. 
There  were  those,  who  accused  him  of  not  I'rcach- 
ing  the  gospel,    lie  was  regarded  as   an  Ar- 


ivciliill, 
iiU'd  ill 
[le  Mic- 
>,  n74, 
l\V.  In 
Roc'ic'ly. 
[ucucli- 
an  Ai' 


nAUXAIll). 

niiiii;in.  Yrt  he  was  ncfiistomcd  to  jjrcncli,  ns  he 
miid,  "  (lie  I'iilkii  state  of  man,  wliitli  jjiive  rise  to 
tiie  );os])el  (li^piMiNution,  the  fuJiii'SM  and  ft,  >  'ess 
of  diviiu'  (jfrace  in  ChrlKt  as  tiiu  fouiulation  of  nil 
our  liojieH,  tlie  inilueiiec  of  tlie  Si)irit,  tile  necessity 
of  rt'f,'cneratii;n,  inipiyiiif;  re])entaiice  towards! 
(iod  and  faiiii  ti^wnrds  (Jiir  Lord  Jesns  Clirist,  tlic 
necessity  of  i)raciical  reli;;;ion,  originatiiif^  from 
cvani,'eliea!  ]n-iueii.les."  He  was  an  excelient 
Keliol'.ir  and  a  iu;,'lily  esteemed  jireaeluT  niid  min- 
ister. He  |)ul)lislieil  a  jioein  on  tlio  deatli  of 
Aljiel  AI)i)ot  j  sernion  al  tlie  ordinalim  of  II. 
True,  llol;  of  O.  Merrill,  lT(i.j;  of  '1'.  Cary;  at 
the  fast,  1701;  at  tlie  election,  17(j(i;  at  the  con- 
vention, 1773.  —  Sullou.ilull'n  Hketch  of  lluver- 
Idll  ill  Ili.itoriail  Vollictions,  n.  s.  iv.  14!J-1I0. 

UAUNAUl),Tiio.M.vs,  I).  1).,  minister  hi  Salem, 
the  son  of  T.  Barnard,  {graduated  at  Harvard  col- 
lege in  1 700,  and  was  ordained  over  the  north 
church  Jan.  13,  1773.  He  died  of  the  apoplexy 
Oct.  1,  1814,  aged  GO.  He  i)ul)lished  the  follow- 
ing (liscourRes  :  at  the  ordination  of  A.  Bancroft, 
1780)  of  I.  Nichols,  ISOO;  at  the  election,  1789; 
at  the  convention,  1703 ;  before  the  humane  so- 
ciety, 1794;  at  the  thanksgiving ;  Dudleian  lec- 
ture, 1795;  at  thanksgiving,  1790;  before  a  ehar- 
itahle  society,  1803 ;  before  the  society  for  promul- 
gating the  gospel  among  the  Indians,  1800;  be- 
fore the  Bible  society  of  Salem,  1814. 

BAIINARI),  Jkri:mi.\ii,  minister  of  Amherst, 
N.  H.,  died  Jan.  15,  1834,  aged  84. 

BAUNES,  David,  I).  I).,  minister  of  Scituate, 
Mass.,  was  born  at  Marlborough,  graduated  hi 
1752,  and  ordained  IJcc.  4,  1754.  His  predeces- 
sors in  the  second  society  since  1045  were  Wctli- 
erell,  Mighill,  Lawson,  Eelles,  and  Dorby.  He 
died  April  27, 1811,  aged  80  years.  His  wife  was 
the  daughter  of  Col.  G.  Leonard.  David  L. 
Banies,  a  lawyer  of  Providence,  appointed  dis- 
trict judge  of  Rhode  Island  in  1801,  r.nd  who 
died  Nov.  3, 1812,  was  his  only  son.  —  Dr.  1.  vnes 
is  represented  as  remarkable  for  meekness.  A 
volume  of  his  sermons  was  jjublishcd  with  a  bio- 
grapliical  sketch.  IIo  pubhshed  an  ordination 
Bcrmon,  1750;  on  the  love  of  life  and  fear  of 
death,  1795;  on  the  death  of  AVashington,  1800; 
on  the  death  of  James  Ilawlcy,  1801 ;  ordination 
sermon,  1802;  discourse  on  education,  1803. — 
Mass.  Historiinl  Call  cr  I  ions,  s.  .i.  IV.  237. 

BiUlNES,  Daxiki,  II.;  a  distinguished  con- 
chologist,  cUed  in  the  meridian  of  life  Oct.  27, 
1818.  He  and  Dr.  Griscom  originated  and  eon- 
ducted  with  great  reputation  tic  high  school  of 
New  York.  He  was  also  a  Baptist  preacher. 
Invited  by  Gen.  Van  Ilensselaer  to  attend  the 
first  pubhc  examination  of  the  school  established 
by  him  at  Troy,  he  proceeded  to  New  liebanon 
and  there  preached  on  Sunday,  the  day  before  liis 
death,  from  the  text,  "  Ye  know  not  what  shall 
be  on  the  morrow.     For  what  is  your  life,"  &c. 


DAUNF.Y.  ^ 

On  Mimdav,  while  riding  between  Nassau  and 
Troy,  the  driver  being  thrown  from  his  scat  as 
the  stage  was  rapiilly  descending  a  hill,  Mr. 
Barnes  in  liis  alarm  jumped  from  the  carriage  and 
fractured  iiis  skull,  lie  died  iv  a.  short  time 
alter.  Of  the  New  York  Ljceuin  of  natural  his- 
tory he  was  an  active  meniber.  He  was  a  clas- 
sical scholar  nf  high  attainments,  and  of  a  most 
estimable  eluuacter  as  a  man.  He  had  presided 
over  several  seminaries,  and  refused  the  jn-esi- 
(lii; "y  of  the  college  at  Washington  city.  Ik- 
was  probably  the  lirst  conchologist  in  the  United 
"  ates.  His  learned  coininunicatlons  on  con- 
ehology  were  published  in  Sillinuin's  journal,  with 
exijlanatory  jihites.  Of  his  writings  in  that  jour- 
nal the  following  is  a  catalogue :  geological  sec- 
tion of  the  Canaan  mount ahi,  Vi  8-21  ;  memoir 
on  the  genera  uiiio  and  alasmodonta,  with  nu- 
merous ligiu'es,  VI.  107-127,258-280;  five  sjR'cies 
of  cliiton,  with  ligures,  vii.  09-72 ;  memoir  on 
batrachian  animals  and  doubtful  reptiles,  XI.  209- 
297,  XIK.  00-70;  on  magnetic  ])olarity,  Xlll.  70- 
73;  reclamation  of  unios,  XlII.  358-3()J.  —  Silli- 
nidii'ii  Jdnnml,  xv.  401. 

li.VUN'l'.S,  Jolix,  died  in  Dudley  in  1813,  aged 
92,  a  Kevolutionary  soldier. 

BAliNI'^S,  Joiix,  a  distinguished  engineer,  died 
at  Mcrscilles  Sept.  24,  1852. 

BAUXI'^S,  Li;\vi.s,  a  worthy,  respected  citizen 
of  Portsmouth,  died  Juno  27,  1850,  aged  79.  A 
native  of  Gottenburg,  with  ancestors  of  rank,  liis 
name  was  Ludwig  Baarnhielm.  On  coming  to 
this  country  at  the  age  of  14,  he  hved  at  Salem 
under  the  patronage  of  Ilasket  Derby,  and  changed 
his  name  to  Barnes.  For  more  than  fifty  years 
he  lived  in  Portsmouth.  At  first  he  commanded 
a  ship,  and  tlien  became  a  merchant ;  and  was 
intelligent,  charitable,  and  a  blessing  to  the  com- 
munity. His  last  hours  Avere  peaceful,  full  of 
faith  and  hope. — His  daughter  married  C.  S. 
FrankUn  of  New  York. 

BMINEY,  Joshua,  commodore,  a  distinguished 
commander,  died  Dec.  1,  1818,  aged  59.  lie  was 
born  in  Baltimore  July  G,  1759.  In  early  life  he 
made  several  voyages.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
war  ho  entered  as  master's  mate  in  the  slooji-of- 
war  Hornet,  hi  which  vessel  he  accompanied  the 
fleet  of  Commodore  Hopkins,  who  in  1775  cap- 
tui'ed  New  Providence.  I'romoted  to  the  rank 
of  lieutenant  for  his  bravery,  he  was  ea[)tured  in 
the  Sachem,  hut  was  soon  exchanged.  He  was 
twice  afterwards  cajitured.  But  in  Oct.,  1779,  he 
and  liis  friend  Capt.  Itobhison  brought  a  valuable 
prize  into  Philadelphia.  In  1780  he  married  the 
daughter  of  Alderman  Bedford.  In  a  few  weeks 
afterwards,  hanng  all  his  fortune  with  him  in 
pajier  money,  he  was  robbed  of  it,  while  going  to 
Baltimore.  Without  mentioning  his  loss  he  soon 
went  to  sea,  but  was  captured  and  sent  to  Ply- 
mouth, England,    From  the  Mill  prison  he  es- 


06 


HAIKJN. 


cnpt'd,  and  refuniinj?  In  rcniiHylvniiin,  the  Htato  in 
March,  1"H'J,  ^'a\c  liim  the  commaiKl  of  the 
llyUcr  Ally,  a  small  shi])  of  Kixlcni  >,miiih.  In 
thiH  vessel,  earning  four  nine  and  twelve  six 
podnders,  he  eaiiturcd,  April  L'Oih,  aller  an  ariion 
of  twenty-six  minutes,  the  (icn.  Monk  of  ei;,'hlii'n 
RtmB,  niiu-  ponnders,  with  the  l.)^^  of  four  killed 
and  eleven  wounde<l.  'I'he  (ien.  Monk  lost  thirty 
killed  and  fith-three  wonnded.  In  Sept.,  17M.', 
ho  sailed  in  the  coninuind  of  the  (ien.  Monk. 
which  was  houKht  liy  the  Tnited  .Slates,  with 
diH])atches  for  ])r.  Franklin  at  Paris;  he  lirou(;ht 
hack  a  valualile  loan  from  the  kin^  of  I'rance  in 
chests  of  (,'()ld  and  barrels  of  silver.  In  171)()  he 
went  to  France  with  Mr.  Monroe,  dejiuted  the 
hearer  of  the  American  (la;;  to  the  iiatioiud  con- 
vention, lie  was  iiuhiced  to  take  the  conimnnd 
of  a  squadron  in  the  French  serv'ce,  hut  resi^jned 
in  1800  and  ret\mied  to  America.  In  lKi;j  he 
was  n])pointed  to  the  comnintul  of  the  flotilla  for 
the  defence  of  the  ('hesa|)eakc.  lie  i)articii)ated 
in  the  hattle  of  IJladenshurf;  Auf?.  21,  1H14,  and 
was  wounded  in  the  tliiffh  by  a  hall,  which  was 
never  extracted.  In  May,  IHlo,  he  was  sent  on 
a  mission  to  Furojie,  and  returr.ed  ht  Oct.,  and 
resided  on  his  farm  at  ];U;ri(I;,'o.  lie  visited  tlie 
western  country  in  1  SI 7.  llavinp;  resolved  to  em- 
igrate to  Kentucky,  while  on  his  journey  he  was 
taken  ill  at  I'ittshnrg  and  died  there.  He  had 
been  forty-one  years  in  public  service  and  engaged 
in  twenty-six  battles  and  one  duel,  lie  fonght 
with  Lemuel  Tailor  in  jjrivatc  combat  Sept.  3, 
1813,  —  observing  the  laws  of  honor  but  con- 
temning the  laws  of  his  country  and  of  God. 
The  want  of  moral  courage,  the  courage  to  do 
right  in  disregard  of  the  opinion  of  those,  who 
judge  wrong,  the  want  of  fixed  virtuous  jirinciple, 
is  a  great  deficiency  in  any  character.  — Encijdu- 
pcedia  Americana. 

BAliON,  Ali--\jVNDi:r,  :M.  1).,  was  born  in 
Scotland  ui  1745,  and  received  his  merlical  educa- 
tion at  Edinburgh,  lie  arrived  at  Charleston, 
S.  C,  Olid  soon  obtained  extensive  ])racticc  in  part- 
ncrsliip  succcssivch  with  l)rs.  Milligan,  Olijjhant, 
and  S.  and  I{.  A\ilson.  lie  died  Jan.  9,  1819, 
aged  74.  He  had  great  rej;utation  as  a  jjhysi- 
cian.  Possessing  extensive  knowledge  and  en- 
dowed with  almost  every  attribute  of  genius,  lie 
was  a  most  agreeable  and  instructive  companion. 
His  affability  and  kincbiess  made  him  a  favorite 
witli  the  voungcr  members  of  the  profession. — 
Thachcr'a  Med.  liiog.  11 1-146. 

BAllliES,  JosKPii  FiiEDERic  Wallet,  Des, 
had  the  title  of  colonel,  mid  was  licut.-gov.  of 
Cape  Breton,  and  aft(■r^^•ards  of  Prince  Edward 
Island.  He  died  at  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  Oct.  22, 
1804,  aged  102  years.  During  the  revolutionary 
war  he  published  in  1780,  by  order  of  Admiral 
Howe,  for  the  use  of  the  British  navy,  valuable 
charts  of  the  coasts  and  harbors  in  the  gulf  of 


BAllUY. 

St.  Lawrence,  of  Nova  .Scotia,  of  New  T'ngland, 
of  New  York  and  sonlherly,  coniiiilcd  from  sur- 
veys by  .Maj.  .Siimiiel  Holland,  siirvejorgeneral. 
'I'hcse  charts  of  Ites  jlarrcs  were  uuthcMlie  and 
nsefid  surveys  of  these  extensive  coasts.  All 
the  numt  rows  islands  in  Caseo  bay  and  ah  ng  the 
whole  coast  of  Maine  are  liere  described.  A  cojiy, 
with  the  title  of  Atlantic  Neptune,  Vol.  IL,  w  in 
the  library  of  liowdoin  college  and  another  in 
that  of  the  American  iihilosoidiical  society  at 
Philadelphia. 

li.VKKOX,  SAMfix,  a  commodore  in  the  nnvy, 
commanded  aliont  the  year  179H  the  brig  Au- 
gusta, ecjuipped  by  the  citizens  of  Norfolk  in  eon- 
setjuence  of  aggressions  l)y  the  French.  When  a 
fleet  was  sent  to  the  Mediterranean  in  18()o  to 
co-o]ierale  with  Gen.  Eaton  in  his  o])eraliiinH 
against  Tripoli,  Com.  Barron  had  the  command 
of  it ;  but  ill  health  induced  him  to  transfer  the 
command  to  Capt.  llodgers.  Flaton  was  indig- 
nant at  the  negotiation  for  jjcaee  comnmenced  by 
Barron.  On  his  return  Barron  felt  ki  enly  tho 
neglect  of  the  goveniment  in  not  continuing  him 
in  service.  A  few  months  before  his  death  ho 
was  made  su]:erinttiident  of  the  naval  arsenal  at 
Gosjiort.  He  died  of  the  apoi)lexy  at  Hampton, 
Va.,  Oct.  29,  1810.  In  tho  i)rivate  walks  of  life 
he  was  greatly  esteemed.  —  Norfolk  LaJijcr  ; 
Life  of  Eaton,  308. 

BAllUON,  J.VMEs,  commodore,  died  in  Norfolk, 
Apr.  21,  1801,  aged  82.  His  father  was  commo- 
dore of  the  vessels  of  Virginia.  He  was  lieuten- 
ant in  1798;  in  1799  he  went  to  the  Mediterra- 
nean under  the  command  of  his  brother  Samuel. 
In  the  ship  Chesapeake  he  was  compelled  to 
strilio  to  the  British  frigate  Leopard,  after  wliich 
he  was  not  on  sea  duty. 

BAUllY,  John,  first  commodore  in  the  Amer- 
ican navy,  died  Sept.  13,  1803,  aged  58.  He  was 
born  in  tho  county  of  Wexford,  Ireland,  in  1745. 
With  an  education  adapted  to  his  proposed  ac- 
tive life  upon  the  sea,  he  came  to  this  country 
about  1700,  and  was  for  years  employed  by  tho 
most  respectable  merchants  in  the  command  of 
vessels,  having  their  i:nrescrxed  confidence.  In 
Feb.,  177(5,  congress  appointed  him  to  the  com- 
mand of  tho  brig  Lexington  of  sixteen  guns,  and 
he  sailed  on  a  successful  cruise  from  Philadelpiiia. 
From  this  vessel  he  was  transferred  to  the  Effing- 
ham, a  large  fi-igato.  Shut  up  by  the  ice  in  the 
winter  he  joined  the  army  as  aid  to  Gen.  Cadwal- 
lader  in  tho  oijcrations  near  Trenton.  When 
Philadelphia  was  in  the  hands  of  the  enemy  and 
the  American  frigates  were  up  the  river,  at  White- 
hill,  Barry  formed  and  executed  the  ])roject  of  de- 
scending the  river  in  boats  to  cut  off  the  supplies  of 
the  enemy.  For  this  enterjjrise  he  received  the 
thanks  of  Washuigton.  After  liis  vessel  was  de- 
stroyed, he  was  ajipointed  to  the  command  of 
the  Raleigh  of  thirty-two  guns,  which  a  British 


D.UIRY. 


D/UITLETT. 


er 


the  Amcr- 
llc  was 
ill  1745. 
poscil  nc- 
country 
I  l)y  the 
iniund  of 
encu.     In 
the  corn- 
guns,  and 
laddphia. 
he  I'.tting- 
ce  in  the 
Cadwal- 
When 
lemy  and 
atWhite- 
ct  of  de- 
upplies  of 
eived  the 
was  de- 
mand of 
British 


•qundron  compelled  him  to  run  on  Rhorc  at  FoxV 

iiul  in  I'euolwcot  liay.  IIu  next  made  Nevrriil 
Tojaffc*  to  the  West  Indii'H.  In  I'el).,  1781,  he 
■ailed  in  the  f'ri^'iite  Alliance  of  tliirty-Hix  gunt* 
from  Ilohton  for  L'Orienf,  carryinj?  Col.  Laurens 
on  an  emhasHy  to  the  French  court.  On  Ium  re- 
turn, May  2i),  17N1.  he  fought  the  Hhip  of  war 
Atlanta,  of  between  twenty  and  thirty  guns,  and 
her  conHort  the  brig  Trepawa.  After  a  (teverc  ac- 
tion l)oth  struck  their  colors.  Com.  Harry  was 
dangerously  wounded  in  the  shoulder  by  a  grape- 
shot.  He  sailed  again  from  lioston  ui  the  Alli- 
ance, and  carried  La  Fayette  and  Count  de 
Noailles  to  France,  and  j)roceeded  on  a  cruise, 
lleturning  from  Havana  he  fought  a  vessel  of  the 
enemy  of  equal  size,  which  escaped  only  by  the 
aid  of  her  consorts.  It  is  related,  that  Gen. 
Howe  at  one  period  attempted  to  bribe  him  to 
desert  the  cause  of  America  by  the  promise  of 
fitleen  thousand  guineas  and  the  command  of  a 
British  frigate,  and  that  the  otfcr  was  rejected 
with  disdain.  Under  the  administration  of  Mr. 
Adams  he  superintended  the  building  at  I'liiladel- 
jihia  of  the  frigate  United  States,  of  which  he 
retained  tiic  command,  until  she  was  laid  up  in 
ordinary  after  the  accesMon  (if  Mr.  Jcflerson  to 
the  e.xecutive  chair.  He  died  at  I'hiladelijliia  of 
an  asthni'itie  affection.  His  j)erson,  above  the 
ordinary  stature,  was  graceful  and  commanding. 
His  strongly  marked  countenance  expressed  the 
qualities  of  his  mind  and  virtues  of  his  heart. 
He  possessed  all  the  important  qualities,  requisite 
in  a  naval  commander.  Though  a  rigid  disci])li- 
narian,  his  kuidness  and  generosity  secured  the 
attachment  of  his  men.  There  was  no  desertion 
from  his  ship.  To  the  moral  deportment  of  his 
crew  he  scrupulously  attended,  and  he  enforced  on 
board  a  strict  observance  of  di\'ine  worship.  Ed- 
ucated in  the  liabits  of  religion,  he  experienced 
its  comforts ;  and  he  died  in  the  faith  of  the  gos- 
pel.—  Port/olio;  American  Naval  Biogrupluj, 
I06-IGG. 

BAIlllY,  William  T.,  died  at  Liverpool,  Aug. 
30,  183j.  A  native  of  Kentucky,  he  had  been  a 
senator,  and  postmaster-general,  and  minister  to 
Spain. 

ILUISTOW,  John,  deacon,  di(  d  in  Cantcrburj-, 
Conn.,  Dec.  9,  1838,  aged  8.>,  A  i-o;  !ier,  he  was 
present  at  the  surrender  o;  Burgojne.  In  the 
army  he  kept  a  journal.  IIi,-.  serMfes  to  the  town 
and  church  were  very  great.  Many  years  sujier- 
uitendent  of  the  Sabbath  school,  in  his  old  age  he 
taught  the  aged.  In  his  sickness  he  sent  word  to 
his  friends  to  prepare  to  meet  liim  in  heaven.  He 
was  the  father  of  Rev.  Dr.  IJ.  of  Keene. 

B.UITLETT,  JosiAii,  M.  ]).,  governor  of  New 
Hami)slure,  died  suddenly  of  a  paralytic  affection, 
May  19,  1790,  aged  Go.  He  was  the  son  of  Ste- 
phen Bartlctt,  and  bom  in  Amesbur}',  Mass.,  in 


Nov.,  17'J9.  After  an  imperfect  medical  education 
he  coninu'ucrd  the  practice  of  plnsie  at  Kings- 
ton in  I7.'jt).  During  the  prevaliuie  of  the  angi- 
na maligna  in  17i'it,his  successful  antiseptic  prac- 
tice in  the  use  of  the  Peruvian  bark  established 
bis  fame,  Hu  also  acted  as  a  nuigistrate,  and 
Gov.  Wentworth  gave  him  the  command  of  a  reg- 
iment, i)ut  ot  last  deprived  him  of  his  commis- 
sions in  Feb.,  1775,  in  consecpunce  of  his  bi  iiig  a 
zealous  whig.  Being  ap|)ointed  a  deh'gate  to  con- 
gress, his  name  was  first  called  as  rejiresenting 
the  most  easterly  province,  on  the  vote  of  the  de- 
claration of  iiulependen^'e,  and  he  iMildly  an- 
swered in  the  affirmative.  In  1777,  os  medical 
agent,  he  accompanied  Stai'k  to  Bennington.  In 
1778  he  withdrew  from  congress.  He  was  aj)- 
pointcd  chief  justice  of  the  court  of  common 
ideas  in  1779,  a  justice  of  the  sujierior  court  in 
1784,  and  chief  justice  in  1788.  In  1790  he  wan 
President  of  New  Hampshire,  chosen  by  the  leg- 
islature, thougli  Pickering  and  Joshua  AVentworth 
received  each  many  more  of  the  votes  of  the  peo- 
ple. In  1791  iiul  1792  he  was  chosen  by  the 
jieople.  He  had  nominated  his  rival,  J.  Picker- 
ing, chief  justice.  In  1793  he  was  elected  the 
first  governor  under  the  new  form  of  government. 
Of  the  medical  society,  established  by  his  efforts 
hi  1791,  he  was  the  president.  The  duties  of  his 
various  offices  were  faithfully  discharged.  Ho 
was  a  good  physician,  devoting  most  of  his  time 
to  his  profession.  His  patriotism  induced  him  to 
make  great  sacrifices  for  the  public  good.  By  the 
force  of  liis  talents,  without  much  education,  ho 
rose  to  his  various  high  ofllces.  His  mind  was 
discriminating,  liis  ju(l;,'meiit  somul,  and  in  all 
his  dealings  he  was  scruj.ulously  just.  In  his  last 
years  his  health  was  impaired  and  after  the  loss 
of  his  wife  in  17S9  his  spirits  greatly  depressed. 
His  son.  Dr.  Ezra  B.,  ilied  at  Haverhill,  N.  II., 
Dec.  (•>,  1848,  aged  78.  —  Thachei's  Med.  Biog., 
147-loO  ;  Eliiit ;  Cioodric/i'n  J. ices, 

BAllTLETT,  Jdsiaii,  M.  1).,  was  bom  in 
Cliarlestown  in  1709,  and  studied  physic  with  Dr. 
I.  Foster,  who  was  chief  surgeon  of  the  militaiy 
hospital  in  the  war  of  177o,  under  whom  he  .'^ervcd 
as  surgeon's  mate  till  1780.  He  then  went  two 
voyages  as  surgeon  to  sliips  of  war.  He  settled 
in  Cliarlestown,  where  for  many  years  he  had 
extensive  practice.  At  length  misfortune  broke 
down  his  spirits  and  health,  and  life  ceased  to  bo 
desired.  Alter  two  years  the  apoplexy  terminated 
his  life  March  5,  1820.  He  had  been  a  rej;rcsen- 
tative,  senator,  and  councillor.  He  delivered 
many  orations,  medical,  political  and  literary ;  and 
l)ul)lished  various  pajiers  in  the  works  of  the 
medical  society  and  in  the  N.  E.  medical  journal; 
address  to  free  masons,  1797 ;  discourse  before 
the  Middlesex  medical  association;  progress  of 
medical    science   in    Mass.,    1810;    history   of 


08 


nAFlTMlTT. 


HAIITOV. 


('|iarli'>fowti,  IMItj  oniiiipti  mi  tlic  (Ictith  of  l^r.  ihtiior  nait  Mfisci  Jl.,  ihc  minihtrr  "f  f'liatham, 
Jdhii  Wiirrt'ii,  Hl.j. —  l  /lUr/in'n  Mi'l.  l!i(>i/.,\',i'  '  '\w.  .  Ii  i  iri'ti'l""'''''  in  IT.'id.  and  ilit  (I  in  ITtltl. 
I.>|.  JJ '-lilON,  TiiuMAs,  an  l'!))iNC(i|ial  niiiii.-ili'r,  wiui 

HAIlTI.KTT,  Jii!<i,vii,  M.  I),,  died  at  Stratlmm  j  it  imtivi'  <i('  Ireland  and  educattd  ai  llic  llnivl'r^ily 
April  II,  ls;jN,  n^cd  7(».  Tlu'  htpii  ul'  (Jiivcrii'ir  cif  Ilii'diii,  In  l".J''l  lie  inuriiid  a:  riiiiudel|i!iiu 
J()niah  II,,  he  wuh  a  unrulier  of  ('onjfi'ei'M  ui  iMll-  lb'  ^i  ir  </l'  Mr,  hitleiiliou.'.e,  and  llie  iie\t  \ear 
1:1.  '•  van  (irdaineil  in  llii^'iaiid,     IIIn  laleiits  and  learii- 

ll,VU'ri,r,r'r,  John,  ilied  at  .Marlildiead  ie  '  iii;;  were  ol  ^reat  «rvice  to  liis  friend  .Mr,  Uilteli- 
I'eli.,  IHII),  af,'ed  (i(l,  li.nili}{  lieeii  the  |  aslorol'lhe    limiNe,  wlio  enj(i)ed  few  a(huntaj,'eH  of  e.iriy  edu- 


rnilari.ui  ehiirih  tliirty-HCVJ'ii  ycurn.    He  |)uldlsht'd 
two  (lisediirneN, 


C'Ution,     From  l'<'i,j  to  I'M  he  \\»h  ii  iiiiNNinnary 
of  a  Hoeiety  in  l''.ii;,'land  and  resided  in  Keddin;^ 


II.Ml'l'l.l/n',  I!t,lsif.\,  .M,  I),,  died  in  Smith- j  township,  York  eonnly.  In  IT.JH  hewiwaeiiap- 
lleld,  U.  I,,  July  l!»,  IN.'/.j,  a;;i  (1  alioul  10.  I'or  lain  in  the  expedilioii  a;;ain.>'t  I'ort  I)u  (inesne, 
Honie  years  he  had  lieeii  iiiiai)le  to  praeliee,  ,  and  lieeaine  acjuainted  with  \Va.sliiiif,'tim  and 
When  residintf  at  l,o«eil,  he  wan  its  IliKt  mayor;  :  .Mereer   and    other    distiiip,'uished    odieers.      Ilu 


ufti  rwards  he  was  at  the  head  of  u  niedieal  eolicf^c 
at  the  West,  wlienee  in  failiiij^  liculth  ho  went  hack 
to  the  old  hdinestead    i  U.  I. 

1!.\UTI,1','I  r,  Siti  iui;i.,  mlni.ster  of  Scantic, 

de.siiiided  lV:)iii  the  little  eonij;aiiy,  which  landed 


resided  in  Lancaster  as  reetor  nearly  twenty  years, 
Adlieriii);  to  tin-  royal  f;overnmeiif  in  the  Jievolu- 
tion  and  refnsiiif;  to  lake  a  reipiired  oath,  he  went 
in  1778  to  New  York,  where  he  died  May  -■», 
17K0,  a;,'ed  o(»  years.     His  eldest  son,  William 


at  J'lyiiioiilh  ill  Uii;i>,  aiul  his  eliara/ler  corres-  Darton  of  J, aneaster,  wrote  the  memoirs  of  Uiiten- 
l»oiided  willi  that  of  his  piiiilaii  anci'.slry.  At  the  house  and  a  tract  on  free  commerce  ;  he  letl  seven 
a;,'e  of  twenly-lwo  ho  eiilerid  Y'ale  eolle^'c,  in  '  other  children,  one  of  wlumi  won  I'rof.  Iiart(m. 
uliich  ho  and  oiio  oilier  were  the  only  ];ro;'eHNors  ,  Ills  widow  ])n.Nsed  her  lust  years  in  the  houKC  of 
of  i('li;,'i()n.  He  ffradnated  in  IKOO,  and  havin;,^  her  nejihew  and  niece.  Dr.  Samuel  Hard  and  wife. 
Ktiidied  ihcolojry  with  |)r,  I)wij,'ht  was  ordained  at  j  Within  a  few  days  of  their  decease  she  also  died, 
Mast  Windsor  Veh.  IL',  IMOl;  and  there  he  died  a^'cd  1)0.  He  j)ulilished  a.  sermon  on  Uraddock's 
Juno  0,  IHJl,  afjed  70.  A  hall-centiiiy  sermon,  defeat,  I'm.  —  Mem.  (if  Ititlcnhi^iine,  100,  112, 
which  ho  j)repared,  was  read  to  his  jieoplo  hy  his  287,  111 ;  Thtulii'r'n  Mctl.  /lioij.,  I'M. 
Hon-in-law,  Uev.  S.  H.  IJrowii,  late  a  iius:>ionary  to       ItAllTON,  Ui:.\J.\Mi.\'  .Smith,  M.  J).,  jirofcHsor 


China.  Ho  wa,s  a  Imthful  jireacher,  endowed 
with  a  Bimit  of  jirayer.  ])urinfjf  his  ministry  live 
hundred  and  twenty-four  nieinbers  were  added  to 
his  church.  His  descent  wiw  from  sovcral  of  the 
I'il.'frims  at  I'lymouth. 

JiAllTJiETT,  Wii.i.i.VM,  a  generous  hcnofactor 
of  tlieolo}{ical  literature,  was  horn  in  Newbury 
Jan.  ;J1,  1718,  and  died  Feb.  8,  IKH,  aged  9;j. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  tlieolojjical 
seminary  in  Andover.  He  f,'avo  2tj,00()  dollars  to 
endow  a  ]irofessors]iij)  of  sacred  rhetoric;  built 
two  professnr.s'  houses,  ono  of  the  lar^'o  halls,  and 


in  the  university  of  I'eimsylvania,  died  Dec.  U), 
181*5,  a},'ed  40.  He  was  the  son  of  the  Uev. 
Mr.  IJarton  of  Lancaster,  I'eim.,  and  was  horn 
F'eb.  10,  1700.  His  mother  was  tlie  sister  of 
llittenhoiise,  whoso  life  was  written  by  his  brother, 
William  IJarton.  After  sijciuling  several  years  in 
study  in  l'hiladeli)hia,  ho  went  to  Flduiburf^h  and 
London  in  17SG  to  jnirsuo  his  medical  studies. 
His  medical  dej^ree  he  obtained  at  Gottingen.  In 
178!)  ho  returned  to  I'hiladelphia  and  commenced 
the  practice  of  physic,  li.  the  same  year  ho  was 
a])i)oiir.ed  professor  of  natural  history  and  botany 


the  chaiiel;  jjaid  the  ijresident's  salary  for  five  or   in  the  college.     lie  succeeded   ])r.  Gritllths  as 


SIX  years;  contributed  larfjcly  toanother  ]n'ofessor- 
sliij);  and  beiiuealhed  oO,000  dollars  in  his  will. 

HAUTLKTT,  Z.^cciiias,  'SI  1).,  tUcd  at  I'ly- 
moutli  in  Dec,  18litj,  aged  70.  A  graduate  of 
Harvard  in  1780,  ho  was  a  member  of  the  state 
convention  in  1820,  and  president  of  the  jjilgrim 
society. 

BAUTLLTT,  IriUBOi),  a  lawyer  of  distinction 
in  N.  H.,  died  at  J'ortsmouth  Oct.  19,  1803,  aged 
G7.  liorn  in  (Salisbury,  he  graduated  at  Uart- 
raouth  ill  1808,  and  lived  lii  t  in  Durham,  then  in 
P. 
1829, 

BAllTLETT,  Ricii.inD,  secretary  of  state  of 
N.  H.,  died  at  New  Y'ork  Oct.  2;},  1807,  aged  46. 

BAllTLETT,  Eusii.v,  died  in  Georgia,  Vt.,  in 
1855,  aged  100,  a  soldier  of  the  devolution.     His 


He  was  a  member  of  Congress  from  1823  to 


])rofe,ssor  of  materia  medica  and  Dr.  Bush  as 
l)rofossor  of  the  theory  and  ])raetice  of  medicine. 
Dr.  Barton  was  distinguished  by  his  talents  and 
j)rofcssioiial  attainmonls.  He  contributed  much 
to  the  jirogrcss  of  natural  science,  and  his  various 
works  evince  a  closeness  of  observation,  an  extent 
of  learning,  and  a  eomj)rehoiisivcness  of  mind, 
honoral)le  to  liis  character,  lie  was  the  first 
American  who  gave  to  his  coiuitry  an  elementary 
work  on  botany.  His  publicalicns  are  the  ibllow- 
ing:  On  the  fascinating  quality  ascribed  to  the 
rattlesnake,  179G;  new  views  of  the  origin  of  the 
tribes  of  America,  1797;  collections  towards  a 
materia  medica  of  the  U.  S.,  1798;  remarks  on 
the  speech  attributed  by  Jefferson  to  Logan,  1798; 
medical  jihysical  journal,  begun  1804,  continued 
several  ycais ;  eulogy  on  Dr.  Priestley ;  elements 


BAUTON. 


IIAIITIIAM. 


(!9 


ifr, 
rs  in 
and 
ic's. 
In 
ncL'd 
was 
:iiiy 
as 
as 
inc. 
and 
luith 
ious 
tent 
nind, 
first 
itary 
Hos- 
tile 
the 
s  a 
s  on 
i)8; 
lucd 
euta 


da 


i.f  Ixitnny  with  thirty  iiliitr*,  IfiOl  j  nlwi  in  two!  of  hin  undo,  luaac,  «»   l>    ''v,  a  few  milin  from 

\oiH.    10   plilti's    IHl'Jj   tloni   Vi|-;,'iMica.   iHl'J;   uH  '  I'lliliidclphlil. 

••liition  of  ('iilirn'i<  materia  nicdica,  I^MlNi  arconnt  'I'Iuh  Kclt-tanKlil  nil'  '■  irly  diHcoviTt'd  un 
of  tlu>  >Syrrn  iaccrtinni  (>l>'*('rvationN  on  till' o|)|ioK-;  ardent  d<>hir<'  for  >ti'  uii|(iiNition  of  kiio\vU'<t);p, 
Hnin,  IMllJj  eoiieriiiiiis  on  exiinct  animals,  \e.,  e-«|ieeially  of  l)otanir»l  knowlei'^'e;  itiit  the  infant 
ISIt;  fiUKnieiil!!  of  tlie  natural  lli^t(>ry  of  I'enn. ;  ntale  of  the  ('oioiiy  |>lared  ^nat  oKNtaeles  in  iiirt 
remedy  for  the  liite  of  the  raltiesMake;  on  the  way.  lie  liowexer  Motiioiinletl  llnni  liy  inleiico 
honey  hee  i  on  the  nalive  eonntry  of  the  potato,  a|)|iii('ation  and  the  re  .oiines  of  his  own  mind, 
und  other  paperM  in  the  .\m,  rhiins. 'rranHactioiiM.  Ily  llie  u>.niHlanee  of  rispeclalile  characterM  ho 
—  W.  I'.  (J.  ItiirliiiiH  llinij.  Skelrli;  Tlidclici'.i  olitaiiied  the  riidlmii\tM  of  the  learned  lanKiui}{i'H, 
Afeil.  llioff.,  irjl-l.i.'J.  wliieh  he  Ntndied  with  extraordinary  MK'ceKM.     ,So 

It.Ml'rON', \Vii,i.iAM,lieiitenant-ro|c)nel,apHtnot  earnest  was  he  in  tlie  puvnnil  of  leurninfr.  that  ho 
of  th(<  ](('vohition,  planned  the  capture  of  Maj.-  could  hardly  spare  tinie  to  eat  ;  ami  he  mi^^ht 
(Jen.  I'reseott  on  Ithode  Island,  and  executed  the  oHeii  have  lieeii  fnuud  with  his  victuals  in  one 
project  Jidy  It),  1777.  Int()rnuitii)i\  had  lieen  hand  and  his  hook  iu  the  other.  He  acipiired  ho 
received  at  I'rovidence,  that  the  f,'eneral  was  to  nni<'h  knowlcdf,'e  of  mediiine  aiul  snrjrery,  as  to 
Jilee|)  at  Overin^'s  house,  four  miles  from  Newport,  administer  f;reat  nysistuice  to  the  indijjent  and 
Unrton  went  with  n  ])arty  of  forty  men,  inchidin;^  di.itressed  in  IiIh  nei;,dil)orhood.  He  cidti\ated 
CaptH.  AdaniH  and  I'hillips,  in  four  whale-i)oalH  the  ^jround  as  the  means  of  Mi]iporliii;<  a  larj,'o 
froni  Warwick  neck  ten  miles  liy  water,  landed  family;  hut  while  p'li)iif,'hin;^  or  sow iuf,' his  fields, 
ahout  halfway  from  \ew])ort  to  liristid  ferry,  then  or  mowiuj;  his  meadows,  he  was  still  pushiiiH;  hi« 
marched  oni"  mile  to  the  neuerai's  cpiarters.  On  inquiries  into  the  operations  of  nature. 
reaeliin}{  the  chamlier,  at  midui^^ht,  the  sentry  was  He  was  the  first  American  who  conceived  and 
secured;  then  a  ne;i;ro,  called  I'riuce,  who  accom-  carried  into  cU'ect  the  de.';i;,'n  of  a  hotunic  garden, 
panied  liarton,  and  who  died  at  I'lymouth  1H2I,  for  the  cultivation  of  American  plants,  as  well  aH 
n>,'ed  7H,  dashed  his  head  af,'aiiist  the  doiu  and  of  exotics.  He  ])iUThas(  d  a  fine  si; nation  on  tho 
knocked  out  a  ])anel,  so  that  Col.  liarton  rusl'.ed  west  hank  of  the  Schuylkill  aliout  four  m.'les  heiow 
u>  and  surprised  I'rescott  in  bed,  and  carried  him  I'hiladelphia,  wiiere  lie  laiil  out  with  his  own 
off  with  his  aid,  Maj.  William  Uarrin(;ton,  who  hands  a  garden  of  five  or  six  ncrcM.  lie  furnished 
jumped  from  the  window  in  his  shirt.  Hee.sca])cd  it  with  a  variety  of  the  most  curious  and  heautiful 
the  guard  boats  and  no  alarm  was  given  to  the  vegetables,  collected  in  his  excursions  from  Camidu 
eiien]y,  until  the  party  on  their  return  had  nearly  !  to  I'lorida.  These  excursions  were  made  '.rlnci- 
rcached  the  main,  when  the  iiring  of  rockets  was  ])ally  in  autunni,  wlien  his  ])resencc  iit  home  was 
in  vain.  For  this  exploit  C'oiii,'ress  ])resented  him  |  least  demanded  by  his  agricultural  avocations. 
with  a  Hword  and  with  a  grant  of  land  in  Ver-  j  His  ardor  in  these  iJin-suits  was  such,  that  at  tho 
moiit.  Ily  the  transfer  of  some  of  this  land  he '  ago  of  seventy  he  nuule  a  juuruey  into  Ilast 
became  entangled  hi  the  toils  of  the  law  and  was  I'lorida  to  ex])lore  its  natural  ])roduetions.  His 
imjjrisoned  in  Vermont  for  years,  until  the  visit  to  i  travels  among  the  Indians  were  l're<iuently  ot- 
this  country  in  182.5  of  La  Fayette,  who  in  his !  tended  with  danger  and  dilliculty.  liy  his  means 
munificence  lUierated  his  fellow  soldier  and  re-   the  gardens  of  liurojie  were  enriched  with  I'legant 


stored  the  hoary  veteran  to  his  family.  Col.  Bur- 
ton was  wounded  in  an  action  at  liristol  ferry  hi 
May,  1778.  He  died  at  l'ro\idcucc  ii,Oct.,  1831, 
aged  Kl  years.  —  Ainer.  lU'incmb.,  1777,  271, 1101; 
il/(/.w.  ///.s/.  Cull.,  It.,  107,  138;  Ikiilli,  122. 
IJAllTOX,  Cyuis,  editor  of  the  Concord  Ue- 


flowering  shrubs,  with  ])lants  and  trees,  collected 
in  different  jjarts  of  om-  country  from  the  shore 
of  Lake  Ontario  to  the  source  of  the  Itiver  St. 
Juan.  lie  made  such  jn-oficicncy  in  his  favorite 
pursuit,  that  I,iini;rus  ];ronounced  him  "  the 
greatest  natural  bolanist  in  the  world."  His 
porter,  died  Feb.  17,  18.30.  At  the  close  of  a  1  eminence  iu  natural  hi:. tory  attracted  the  esteem 
pohtical  speech  near  C.  he  fell  and  expired,  lie  of  the  most  distinguished  men  in  America  and 
was  an  associate  with  Isaac  Hill  in  business.  l''uropp.  ami  he  corresponded  with  nmny  of  thorn. 

llAIiTON,  Jloor.it,  died  in  Mi,ssissi])pi  March!  He  was  a  fellow  of  the  lloyal  .Society.  liy  means 
4,  18j,'>,  aged  about  .j,j ;  for  fifteen  years  a  Senator  of  the  friendshij)  of  Sir  Hans  Sloane,  Mr.  Catesby, 
of  tho  IJ.  S.  1  Dr.  Hill,  LIun:eiis,  and  others,  he  was  furnished 

UAJITUAM,  John,  nn  eminent  botanist,  died  with  books  luid  a]ipnr;Uus,  which  h.e  much  needed, 
in  Sept.,  1777,  aged  70.  He  was  bornut  !Marpole, '  and  which  greatly  lessened  the  diliicidlies  of  his 
Chester  county,  Peini.,  ui  the  year  1701.  His  [  situation.  He  ui  return  sent  them  what  was  new 
grandfather,  Kichard,  accompanied  William  I'enn  and  curious  in  the  jiroductions  of  America.  IIo 
to  this  country  in  l(iS2.  His  father,  John,  re- 'was  elected  a  member  of  several  of  the  most 
moved  to  North  Carolina  and  was  killed  by  the  eminent  societies  and  academies  abroad,  and  was 
AMiitoc  Indiiuis.    He  liimsoli'  iiUiorited  the  estate  1  at  length   appointed  American  botanist   to  liis 


70 


BAHTPAM. 


BASCOM. 


Britannic  majesty,  George  III.,  in  which  appoint- 
ment he  continued  till  his  death. 

Mr.  Bartrum  was  an  ingenious  mechanic.  The 
stone  house  in  which  he  lived,  he  built  liimself, 
and  several  monuments  of  his  skill  remain  in  it. 
He  was  often  his  own  mason,  carpenter,  and  blacl-  - 
smith,  and  generally  made  liis  own  farming  uten- 
sils. His  stature  was  rather  above  the  middle 
size  J  his  body  was  erect  and  slender  j  his  com- 
plexion was  sandy ;  liis  countenance  was  cheerful, 
though  there  was  a  solemnity  in  his  air.  His  gen- 
tle manners  corresjjonded  with  Iiis  amiable  dispo- 
sition. He  was  modest  ond  charitable;  a  friend 
to  social  order ;  and  an  advocate  for  the  abolition 
of  slavery.  He  gave  freedom  to  a  young  African, 
whom  he  had  brought  up  ;  but  he  in  gratitude  to 
his  master  continued  in  his  service.  Though  tem- 
perate, he  kept  a  plentiful  table  ;  and  annually  on 
new  year's  day  he  made  an  entertainment,  conse- 
crated to  friendship  and  j)hilosophy.  Born  and 
educated  in  the  society  of  Quakers,  he  professed 
to  be  a  worsliipper  of  "  God  alone,  the  Almighty 
Lord."  He  often  read  the  scrijitui-es,  particulai-ly 
on  Sundays.  Of  his  children,  Jolm,  his  youngest 
son,  who  succeeded  liim  in  his  botanic  garden, 
died  at  Philadelphia  Nov.,  1812.  In  addition  to 
his  other  attainments  he  acquired  some  knowledge 
of  medicine  and  surgery,  wliich  rendered  him  use- 
ful to  his  neighbors.  In  his  first  efforts  to  make 
a  collection  of  American  plants  he  was  aided  by 
a  liberal  subscription  of  some  scientific  gentlemen 
in  riiiladelphia.  In  1737,  Mr.  CoUinson  wrote  to 
Col.  Custis  of  Virginia,  that  Bartram  was  em- 
ployed by  "  0  set  of  noblenion"  at  liis  recommen- 
dation ;  and  he  added,  "  Be  so  kind  as  to  give  him 
a  little  entertainment,  and  recommendation  to  a 
friend  or  two  of  yours  in  the  country,  for  he  does 
not  value  riding  50  or  100  miles  to  see  a  new 
plant." 

Mr.  Bartram's  communications  in  the  British 
Pliilosophical  Transactions,  vols.  41,  43,  40,  G2, 
are  these :  on  the  teeth  of  a  rattlesnake ;  on  the 
muscles  and  oyster  banks  of  Penn.  j  on  clay  wasp 
nests ;  on  the  great  black  wasp ;  on  the  libella ; 
account  of  an  aurora  borcalis,  observed  Nov.  12, 
17u7.  lie  published  also  observations  on  the 
inhabitants,  climate,  soil,  &c.,  in  liis  travels  to 
lake  Ontario,  4th  ed.  4to.  Loud.  1751 ;  descrip- 
tion of  East  Florida,  with  a  jouniul,  4to.  1774. 
—  Miller,  I.  olo  ;  u.  307  ;  Life  of  ItiltenJiouse, 
375  ;  Mem.  Penn-i.  Hist.  Sor.  I.  134  j  Barton's 
Med.  and  Phijs.  Jour.  I.  115-124. 

BAIITIIAM,  William,  a  botanist,  son  of  the 
preceding,  died  July  22,  1823,  aged  84.  He  was 
born  at  the  Botanic  Garden,  Kingsessing,  Penns., 
in  1739.  Atler  living  with  a  merchant  iii  Phila- 
delpliia  six  years,  ho  went  to  North  Carolina,  en- 
gaged in  mercantile  jjursuits ;  but,  attached  to 
the  study  of  botany,  he  accompanied  liis  father  in 
his  journey  to  E.  Florida.    After  residing  for  a 


time  on  the  river  St.  John's  in  Florida,  he  re- 
tunied  to  his  father's  residence  in  177 1.  In  Ai)ril, 
1773,  at  the  request  of  Ur.  Fothergill  he  pro- 
ceeded to  Charleston  in  order  to  examine  the  nat- 
ural j)roductions  of  Carolina,  Georgia,  and  the 
Floridas,  and  was  thus  employed  nearly  five  years. 
His  collections  and  drawings  were  forwarded  to 
Dr.  Fothergill.  His  account  of  liis  travels  was 
published  in  1791.  It  is  a  delightful  specimen  of 
the  enthusiasm  with  which  the  lover  of  nature, 
and  particularly  the  botanist,  surveys  the  beautifiil 
and  wonderful  productions  which  are  scattered 
over  the  face  of  ilie  earth.  Of  liimself  Mr.  Bar- 
tram  said,  — "  continually  impelled  by  a  restless 
spirit  of  curiosity  in  pursuit  of  new  productions 
of  nature,  my  chief  happiness  consisted  in  tracing 
and  admiring  the  infinite  power,  majesty,  and  per- 
fection of  the  great  Almighty  Creator,  and  in  the 
contemplation,  that  through  divine  aid  and  per- 
mission I  might  be  instrumental  in  discovering 
and  introducing  into  my  native  country  some  orig- 
inal productions  of  nature,  which  might  be  useful 
to  society."  Iloposing  in  a  grove  of  oranges, 
palms,  live  oaks,  and  magnolias,  in  the  midst  of 
beautiful  flowers  and  singing  bii'ds,  he  cried  out, 
—  "  ye  vigilant  and  most  faithfiil  servants  of  the 
Most  High  i  ye,  who  worship  the  Creator  morning, 
noon,  and  eve,  in  simplicity  of  heart !  I  haste  to 
join  the  universal  anthem.  My  voice  and  heart 
unite  with  yours  in  sincere  homage  to  the  great 
Creator,  the  universal  sovereign." 

In  1782  he  was  elected  professor  of  botany  in 
the  university  of  Penns.,  but  from  ill  health  de- 
clined the  appointment.  Besides  his  discoveries 
in  botany,  he  prepared  the  most  complete  table  of 
American  ornithology  before  the  appearance  of 
the  book  of  Wilson,  whom  he  assisted  in  the  com- 
mencement of  that  work.  Such  was  his  continued 
love  for  botany,  that  he  wrote  a  description  oi  a 
plant  a  few  minutes  before  his  death,  which  oc- 
curred suddenly  by  the  rupture  of  n  blood-vessel 
in  the  lungs.  He  published  Travels  through  N. 
and  S.  Carolina,  Georgia,  East  and  West  Florida, 
the  Cherokee  country,  with  observations  on  the 
manners  of  the  Indians,  with  plates,  8vo.  Phil., 
1731;  the  same,  London,  1792;  and  translated 
into  French  by  Benoist,  entitled  Voyage,  &c.,  2 
vols.;  Paris,  1801;  an  account  of  J.  Bartram ; 
anecdotes  of  a  crow ;  description  of  Ccrtliia  ;  on 
the  site  of  Bristol.  —  Enc.  Amer. ;  Barton's  Med. 
Jour.  I.  i.  89-95  ;  I.  ii.  103. 

BASCOM,  II.  B.,  D.  1).,  bishop  of  the  Meth- 
odist church,  died  in  Loui.'  '.illc  on  his  return  from 
St.  Louis  to  Kentucky  Sejjt.  9,  1850,  aged  about 
50.  He  was  bom  in  M''cstcrn  New  York ;  in 
1828  was  president  of  Madison  college,  the  sec- 
ond Methodist  college  in  the  U.  S.  Li  1842,  he  • 
was  chosen  president  of  Transylvania  university. 
Ivy.  In  1849  he  was  elected  bishop,  lie  was  a 
pulpit  orator  of  great  power,  though  not  of  good 


BASS. 


BAXTER. 


71 


^Icth- 
■n  from 

about 
rk  j  in 
ic  sec- 

12,  he 
.-ersity, 

was  a 
P  good 


taste,  lie  dclif^htcd  in  Rtronpf  ci)ithcts  and  hi<;h 
flown  nictajjliors.  A  voluino  of  Iiis  serinons  wiis 
])ul)lishc(l  in  18-19.  He  jjulilLshcd  inaugural  ad- 
dress, 182H. 

B.VSS,  EnwAiin,  1).  I).,  first  bishop  of  Massa- 
chusetts, was  born  at  Dorchester  Nov.  23,  1720, 
and  graduated  at  Harvard  colIef?e  in  1714.  l''or 
several  years  lie  was  the  teaclier  of  a  school. 
From  1747  to  1701  ho  resided  at  Cambridge,  \mr- 
suing  his  theological  studies,  and  occasionally 
preacliing.  In  1702,  at  the  re(iuest  of  the  Ejjisco- 
pal  society  m  Newburyport,  he  went  to  I-'ngland 
for  orders,  and  was  ordained  May  24,  by  bishop 
Sherlock.  In  1796  he  was  elected  by  the  conven- 
tion of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  of  Mas- 
sachusetts to  the  ofHce  of  bishop,  and  was  conse- 
crated May  7,  1797,  by  the  bishops  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, New  York,  and  Maryland.  Afterwards  the 
l'^l)iscoj)al  churches  in  Jlhodc  Island  elected  him 
their  bishop,  and  in  1803  a  convention  of  the 
churches  in  New  Hampshire  put  themselves  under 
his  jurisdiction.  He  died  Sept.  10,  1803,  humljle 
and  resigned.  lie  was  a  sound  divine,  a  critical 
scholar,  an  accomplished  gentleman,  and  an  exem- 
plary Christian.  —  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  IX.  188. 

BASSE'lT,  lliciiAUi),  governor  of  Delaware, 
was  a  member  of  the  old  congress  in  1787,  and 
was  apjjcinted  a  senator  under  the  new  constitu- 
tion. He  was  governor,  after  Mr.  Bedford,  from 
1798  to  1801,  when  he  was  placed  by  Mr.  Adams 
on  the  bencli  of  the  federal  judiciarj*.  The  repeal 
of  the  act,  constitutmg  the  courts,  displaced  him 
from  his  office  in  1802.  He  had  j)ruc  ised  law 
for  many  years  with  rejiutation  and  was  a  gentle- 
man of  fortune.  His  daugliter  married  Mr.  Bay- 
ard.    He  died  in  Sept.,  1815. 

BASSE'lT,  Amos,  D.  1).,  died  in  Cornwall  in 
1828,  aged  44.  A  native  of  Derby,  he  graduated 
in  1784,  and  was  the  minister  of  Hebron  from 
about  1793  to  1820,  and  was  then  the  head  of  the 
Mission  school  at  Cornwall.  His  voice  and  man- 
ner in  preaching  were  extremely  solemn.  He 
was  perhaps  gloomy  and  hypochondriacal  j  some- 
times keen  and  severe.  Seeing  some  men  of  in- 
iiii!  Vice,  whom  he  deemed  anti-patriotic  and  anti- 
christian,  followii>g  in  the  funeral  procession  of  a 
very  wicked  man,  ho  said,  —  "  if  it  had  been  the 
devil  himself,  they  would  have  followed  him,  only 
they  would  have  chosen  to  follow  him  alive."  He 
published  election  sermon,  1807 ;  and  before  a 
missionarj'  society  ;  he  wrote  a  reply  of  the  con- 
sociation to  A.  Abbot. 

BATES,  Barnabas,  died  at  Boston  Oct.  11, 
1853,  aged  66.  A  native  of  Enj'land,  he  was  a 
Baptist  minister  in  11.  I.,  tln^n  a  Unitarian.  Ik- 
was  collector  of  Bristol,  aiiu  connected  with  the 
post  office.  As  a  zealous  advocu'  j  of  cheap  post- 
age he  deserves  ])ul)lic  remembrance. 

Bx\TES,  Isaac  ('.,  died  in  Washington,  a  sen- 
ator, March  10,  1845,  aged  65.     Born  in  (iron- 


ville,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1802,  and  settled  as 
a  lawyer  in  Northampton.  For  eight  years  ho 
was  a  member  of  the  house  of  representatives, 
and  afterwards  of  tlie  senate,  rendering  important 
l)ul)lic  sei'xices.  .\t  his  funeral  in  Wasiiington, 
.Mr.  Tuston  delivered  an  eloipient  sermon  on  the 
happiness  of  heaven,  described  as  "light."  He 
delivered  an  able  sjiecch,  costing  much  effort, 
against  the  admission  of  Texas  into  the  Union  ; 
and  in  a  few  days  afterwards  died.  His  printed 
addresses  and  sj)eeche8  are  specimens  of  logical 
and  beautiful  writing. 

BATES,  JosiUA,  D.  D.,  president  of  Middle- 
bury  college,  died  in  Dudley  Jan.  14,  1854,  aged 
77.  Born  at  Cohasset,  he  graduated  at  Cam- 
l)ridge  in  1800  ;  was  settled  as  a  minister  in  Ded- 
ham  in  1803;  was  chosen  president  hi  1818  and 
continued  at  Middlebury  twenty-one  years,  till 
1840,  when  he  resigned.  In  1843  be  was  settled 
at  1  )udley,  where  he  toiled  during  ten  years  of  a 
green  old  age.  He  was  distinguished  as  a  scholar, 
was  open-hearted  and  of  a  manly  character, 
highly  esteemed  and  useful.  Dr.  Sprague  preached 
a  sermon  on  his  death. 

He  pubhshed  Beminiscenccs  of  llev.  John  Cod- 
man,  making  a  volume  with  W.  Allen's  life  of 
J.  C. ;  two  sermons  on  intemperance,  1813  j  a 
vohune  of  s(;rmons  j  on  the  death  of  T.  Prentiss, 
1814  ;  at  ordination  of  J.  Thompson,  1804  ;  R. 
Hurlburt  and  F.  Burt,  1817  ;  Ira  Ingraham,  1821; 
J.  Steel,  1828 ;  inaugural  adcU-ess,  1818 ;  two 
sermons  to  missionary  sorieties. 

B.VITl'^LL,  Sauaii,  the  widow  of  Joseph  B., 
died  at  Norfolk,  Conn.,  Sept.  23,  1854,  aged  75, 
the  daughter  of  Rev.  A.  Rol)l)ins.  She  was  one 
of  the  women  of  excellent  Christian  character 
and  well-known  benevolence,  wiio  by  their  virtues 
adorn  our  community. 

BAXTER,  Josin'H,  muiister  of  Medford,  Mass., 
was  the  son  of  Eieut.  John  Baxter,  of  Braintree, 
who  died  in  1719,  aged  80,  and  grandson  of 
Gregory  Baxter,  n  settler  of  B.  in  1632,  who  was 
a  relative  of  Richard  Baxter,  of  England.  He 
was  born  hi  1676,  graduated  in  1693,  and  or- 
dained April  21,  1697.  When  Gov.  Sliutc  had  a 
conference  with  the  Indians  at  Georgetown,  on 
Arrousic  Island,  in  Aug.,  1717,  he  presented  to 
them  a  Mr.  .(iaxter  as  a  prottstant  missionary, 
who  was  jirobably  Mr.  Josejjh  B.  ,  but  through 
the  influence  of  the  Jesuit  Ralle  he  was  rejected. 
He  had  a  corresi)ondence  in  Latin  with  Ralle,  and 
the  Jesuit  accused  him  of  the  want  of  scholarship. 
Gov.  Shute  hi  his  letter  rei)iiod,  that  the  main 
(lualification  in  a  missionary  to  the  barbarous  In- 
dians was  not  "  to  be  an  exact  scholar  as  to  the 
liatin  tongue,"  but  to  bring  them  from  darkness 
to  the  light  of  the  gospel,  and,  "  under  the  influ- 
ence of  the  divine  S|)irit  to  translate  them  frorc 
the  jiower  of  Satan,  who  has  bad  an  usurped  j)08- 
scssiou  of  these  parts  of  the  world  for  so  many 


72 


BAXTER. 


np^CR,  to  tlic  kingdom  of  the  Son  of  Ond."  Mr. 
Baxter  died  May  2,  ITl.j.  His  son,  .Io.sc])h,  a 
physician,  died  of  tlio  small  jiox.  Ho  ])ul)h'slicd 
the  election  servnon,  1727  ;  sermons  to  two  socie- 
ties of  youn^  men  ;  and  sermons  on  flic  dan;,'er 
of  security,  1720.  —  Jfii.vs.  J/ist.  Co/I.  v.  IIJ; 
Co'/.  X.  //.  Hi.:/.  Sor.  11.  21.)  ;  Fttimrr. 

BAXT1;H.  fil-oiKii;  A.,  1).  ]).,  died  in  Vir- 
ginia March  10,  liSll,a;ced  77;  j;r.)fessor  of  tlic- 
ology  in  Union  theological  seminary,  Trince 
I'.dward  county.  He  was  iireviou.-ly  |ircsident  of 
Wasliington  college,  Lexington.  He  was  one  of 
the  most  eminent  and  rcsjjccled  of  the  rresljyte- 
rian  minis! ers  of  Virginia. 

BAY,  Eunv  H.,  died  at  Charleston  in  1839, 
aged  H,).  He  jjublished  law  rejjorts. 
,  Ji.VV.MiI),  Jon.v,  a  i'rieiul  to  liis  conntry,  and 
an  eminent  C'hri-.lian,  was  horn  .\ng.  11,  17.')S,  on 
Bohemia  manor  ia  Cecil  coniitv,  ^Maryland.  His 
father  died  wilhout  a  will,  and  being  the  eldest 
son,  he  became  entitled  by  the  laws  of  Maryland 
to  the  wliole  real  estate.  Such,  however,  was  his 
nH''c(ion  for  his  twin  brother,  ycnn'.ger  than  him- 
self, that  no  sooner  had  he  reached  the  age  of 
manhood,  than  he  conveyed  to  him  half  the  estate. 
After  receiving  an  academical  education  under  ])r. 
Finlcy,  ho  was  put  info  the  counting-house  of 
Mr.  John  ]'hea,  a  merchant  of  Philadelphia.  It 
was  here,  that  the  seeds  of  grace  began  first  to 
lake  root,  and  to  give  i)romiso  of  those  fruits  of 
righteousness,  which  afterwards  abounded.  Ho 
early  became  a  communicant  of  the  Bre-^b^terian 
church  under  the  charge  of  dilljort  Tenncnt. 
Some  years  after  his  marriage  he  was  chosen  a 
ruling  elder,  and  he  filled  this  jdaco  Avith  zeal  and 
roiJUtation.  ^Ir.  Whitfield,  while  on  his  visits 
to  America,  became  intimately  acquainted  with 
Mr.  Bayard,  and  was  nnich  attached  to  him. 
They  made  several  tours  together.  In  1770,  Mr. 
Bayard  h)st  his  only  brother,  Dr.  James  A.  Bav- 
ard,  a  man  of  jiromising  talents,  of  j)nidcnce  and 
skill,  of  a  most  amiable  disposition  and  growing 
rei)Ulation.  The  violence  of  his  sorrow  at  first 
produced  an  illness,  which  confined  him  to  his  bed 
for  several  days.  By  degrees  it  subsided  into  a 
tender  melancholy,  which  for  years  after  would 
steal  across  his  mind,  and  tinge  his  hours  of  do- 
mestic intercourse  and  solitary  devoticra  with 
pensive  sadness.  When  his  brothei-'s  widow  died, 
he  adopted  the  children,  and  ed\icated  them  as  his 
own.     One  of  them  was  an  eminent  statesman. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  Bevolutionarv 
war  he  took  a  decided  jiart  in  favor  of  his  coimtrv. 
At  the  head  of  the  second  battalion  of  the  I'hila- 
dolphia  militia  he  marched  to  the  assistance  of 
Washington,  and  was  j)rosent  at  the  battle  of 
Trenton.  He  was  a  member  of  the  council  of 
safety,  and  for  many  years  sjieakcr  of  the  legisla- 
ture.    In    1777,  when    there  was  a  report   that 


BAYABI). 

Col.  Bayard's  house  had  been  destroyed  by  the 
British  army,  and  that  his  servant,  who  had  been 
intrust,  d  with  his  jjcrsonal  jjrojierty,  had  gone  off 
with  it  to  the  enemy,  Mr.  William  Bell,  who  had 
served  his  apprenticeship  with  Col.  Bayard,  and 
accunndated  several  thousand  ])ounds,  insi^-ted 
that  his  ]);itr;)n  .should  receive  one  half  of  his 
esfatc.  This  generous  offe  ■  was  not  acce])ted,  as 
the  rejjort  was  without  foundation.  Beilerated 
afllictions  induced  a  deeji  dej)ression  of  mind, 
and  for  some  time  he  was  no  longer  relieved  by 
the  avocations  of  business.  In  \~H.'>,  however,  he 
was  a]>])ointod  a  mendier  of  the  old  congress,  then 
sitting  in  New  York,  but  in  the  following  year  ho 
was  loft  out  of  the  delegation.  In  1788  he  re- 
moved to  New  Brunswick,  where  he  was  mayor 
of  the  city,  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas, 
and  a  ruling  elder  of  the  church.  Hero  he  died 
Jan.  7,  1807,  aged  OS. 

At  bis  last  hoin-  he  was  not  loft  hi  darknes.s. 
That  Bedocmer,  whom  ho  had  served  with  zoal, 
was  with  liim  to  sii])i)ort  Ii'm  and  give  him  the 
victory.  During  his  last  illness  he  spoke  much 
of  his  brother,  and  one  lu'ght,  awaking  from  sleep, 
exclaimed,  "  My  dear  brother,  I  shall  soon  be 
with  you."  He  addressed  his  two  sons,  "  My  dear 
children,  you  sec  mo  just  at  the  close  of  life. 
1  )eath  has  no  terrors  to  me.  What  now  is  all 
the  world  to  me  ?  I  would  not  exchange  my  hope 
in  Christ  for  ten  thousand  worlds.  I  once  enter- 
tained some  doubts  of  his  Divinity;  but,  blessed 
bo  Cod,  these  doubts  were  coon  rcmo\ed  by  in- 
(piiry  and  rellection.  From  that  lime  my  hope 
of  acceptance  with  God  has  rested  on  his  merits 
and  atonement  Out  of  Christ,  God  is  a  consum- 
ing fire."  As  he  ajiproachod  nearer  the  grave, 
he  said,  "  I  shall  soon  be  at  rest;  I  shall  ,soon  be 
with  my  (iod.  O  glorious  hojie  !  lilessed  rest  I 
How  precious  are  t!ie  jiromises  of  the  gosjjcl !  It 
is  the  sn])])ort  of  my  soul  in  my  last  moments." 
While  sitting  uj),  supported  by  his  two  daughters, 
holding  one  of  his  sons  by  the  hand,  and  looking 
intently  in  his  face,  he  said,  "My  Christian  brother  I'' 
Then  turning  to  his  d;uight"rs  he  continued,  ''You 
are  my  r///'/.v//(/»  sisters.     Soon  will  our  j)resent 

ties  be  dissolved,  but  more  glorious  bonds " 

He  coulil  say  no  more,  but  his  looks  and  arms, 
directed  towards  heaven,  expressed  everything. 
He  lie(|uently  commended  himself  to  the  blessed 
Uedeemer,  confident  of  his  love ;  and  the  last 
w(  rds.  which  esca])ed  from  his  dxing  lips,  were, 
"  Bord  Jesus,  Lord  Jesus,  Lord  Jesus ! "  —  Ecang. 
Jiil('//i(/('iirfir,  I.  1-7,  49-J7. 

BAY.VBD,  JAMI-.S  A.,  a  distinguished  states- 
man, died  Aug.  0,  181;j,  aged  48.  He  was  the 
Sim  of  Dr.  J.  A.  Bayard,  and  was  born  in  I'hila- 
dolphia  in  1707.  On  the  death  of  his  father  he 
was  received  into  the  family  of  l;is  uncle,  Jolm 
Bayard,  and  was  graduated  at  Princeton  college 


BAYARD. 


BAYLEY. 


73 


lul  aims, 
cM-vtliiiip;. 
'  lilt'ssi'd 
the  lust 
[IS,  wore, 
-  Kvang. 

states- 
was  tlie 
in  Phila- 
atlicr  1/e 
le,  Joliji 
college 


in  1784.  After  studying  law  at  Philadelphia  with 
Gen.  Keed  and  Mr.  In^^ersoll,  he  commenced  the 
practice  in  Delaware.  In  Oct.,  179G,  he  was 
elected  a  meniher  of  Congress.  In  the  party  con- 
tests of  ihc  day  he  was  a  distinguished  supporter 
of  the  federal  administration.  In  the  memorahle 
contest  in  the  house  ctmcerning  the  election  of 
president  in  ISOl,  Jefferson  and  Burr  having  an 
equal  number  of  the  electoral  votes,  he  directed 
t lie  cour.sc,  which  issued  in  tlie  election  of  Mr. 
Jelferson.  Among  the  debaters  on  the  repeal  of 
the  judiciary  bill  in  March,  1802,  he  was  the 
niilest  advocate  of  the  system,  which  was  over- 
thrown. I'rom  the  house  he  wa.s  transferred  to 
the  senate  in  1804,  and  was  again  elected  for  six 
years  from  March,  18(l,'j.  and  also  from  ^larth. 

1811.  lie   ojiposed   tlie   declaration  of  war   in 

1812.  After  the  conimencement  of  the  war,  the 
mediation  of  Kussia  lieingoll'ered,  he  was  .^elected 
l)y  Mr.  Madison  as  a  commissioner  with  Mr.  Gal- 
latin to  negotiate  a  peac  with  Great  Britain,  and 
(■ailed  from  Pliilad('l])hia  for  St.  Petersburg  May 
0,  1813.  Tlie  absence  of  tlie  enijieror  preventing 
the  transacticm  of  any  business,  he  proceeded  to 
Holland  by  land  hi  Jan.,  1814.  He  lent  his  able 
assistance  in  the  negotiation  of  the  peace  at 
Ghent  in  this  year,  and  afterwards  made  a  jour- 
ney to  Paris,  where  lie  was  aj)j)rized  of  his  ap- 
pohitmentas  envoy  to  the  court  of  .St.  Petersburg. 
This  he  declined,  stating,  "  that  he  had  no  wish 
to  serve  the  administration,  excejit  when  his  ser- 
vices were  necessary  for  the  good  of  iiis  country." 
Yet  lie  proposed  to  co-operate  in  forming  a  coni- 
merciiil  treaty  with  Great  Briiain.  An  alarming 
illness,  however,  constrained  him  to  return  to  the 
United  States.  lie  arrived  in  June  and  died  at 
Wilmington.  His  wife,  the  daughter  of  Gov. 
Basset,  and  several  cliildren,  survived  him.  Mr 
Bayard  was  an  ingenious  reasoner  and  an  accom- 
plislied  orator.  His  f"  ;■  countenance  and  manly 
person  recommcnde;!  '  elo(pieiit  words.  There 
V  ere  lew  or'  his  contemporaries  of  higher  jjolitical 
distinction.  But  his  race  of  worldly  eminence 
was  soon  run.  —  His  speech  on  the  foreign  inter- 
course bill  was  published  170S:  and  liis  (speech 
on  the  repeal  of  the  judiciary  in  a  vol.  of  the 
speeches,  1802. — Bimj.  Atmr.  oO;  Eii>;/r.Amn: 

BAY'ABi),  S.VMfKl.,  judge,  died  at  Princeton 
N.  J.,  May  12,  1810,  aged  7.J.  He  was  a  judge 
of  the  common  jileus,  a  most  uiiright,  respected, 
and  esteemed  man. 

BAYLEY,  ^M.vrniu.'i,  died  about  the  year  1780 
at  Jones'  creek,  a  branch  of  the  I'ldee.  in  North 
f^arolina,  aged  loO  years.  He  was  bajilizcd  at 
the  age  of  I'M.  His  eyesight  remained  good, 
and  his  slrengll.  was  very  remarliable,  till  his 
death.  —  Aiiifriaiii  Mnsciim,  VII.  200. 

BAYI.EY,  Bicii.uil),  an  eminent  jjhysician  of 
N(?w  York,  (lied  Aug.  17,  1801,  aged"oO.  He 
was  bom  at  Fairfield,  Conn.,  in  the  jear  1745. 

10 


From  liis  mother's  bcin^  of  French  descent  and 
his  parents'  residence  among  the  Frencli  Protes- 
tant emigrants  at  New  Uochille,  \.  Y'.,  he  became 
early  familiar  with  the  French  language.  He 
studied  physic  with  Dr.  Charlton,  whose  sister  ho 
married.  In  17G!)  or  1770  he  attended  the  I,on- 
dcm  lectures  and  hosjiitals.  Bclurning  in  1772 
he  comnienciMi  ])ractice  with  Dr.  Charllim  in  New 
York.  His  atlcntion  in  1774  was  drawn  to  the 
crou]),  which  jirevailcil,  and  which  men  of  high 
character,  as  Dr.  Bard,  had  fatally  treated  as  the 
putrid  sore  throat.  He  had  sciii  a  child  jierish 
in  thirty-six  hours  under  the  use  of  stimulants  and 
antiseptics.  His  dissections  coiifniiicd  him  in  his 
views;  and  they  were  ado])(ed  afterwards  by  his 
friend,  Michaelis,  the  chief  of  the  Hessian  medical 
staff  ill  New  XovV,  the  author  of  a  treatise  "  I)e 
ai'^ina  jiolyposa." 

In  the  autumn  of  177.'5  he  revisited  I'nglaiul  in 
order  to  make  further  improvenient  under  Hunter, 
an  1  sjieiit  the  winter  in  dissections  and  study.     In 
tlu'  s])riiig  of  '770  he  r(  turned  in  the  cajiaiity  of 
surgeon  in  the  I'.nglish  army  under  Howe.     This 
was  a  measure  of  mistaken  ]irudence,  in  order  to 
])rovide  for  his  wife  and  children.     In  the  fall  he 
proceeded  with  the  licet  to  Xew])ort ;  but  incapable 
of  enduring   this   scjiaratitm   from   his   vvife,   he 
resigned  and  returned  to  Xew  York  in  the  s])ring 
of  1777  just  before  her  death.     His  influence  was 
now  beneficially  exerted  hi  saving  the  jirojicrtyof 
his  absent  fellow-citizens.     In  1781  his  letter  to 
Hunter  on  the  crou])  was  published,  in  which  he 
recommended    bleeding,   blisters   to   the   throat, 
antimony,  calomel,  and  eiiemata.     He  said,  there 
was   110   fear  of  iiutresccncy,  unless   there  were 
ulcers.     'J"o  Bayley  the  public  is  indebted  for  the 
jiresent  active  treatment  of  the  crouji.     In  1787 
lie  delivered  lectures  on  sm-gery,  and  his  son-in-law, 
Dr.  Wright  I'ost,  lectured   on  anatomy,  in  the 
edifice  since  converted  hito  the  New  Y'ork  hosjiital. 
In   1788  "the  doctors'  mob,"  in  coni.eciv.ence  of 
the  imjirudence  of  some  students,  broke  into  the 
building  and  destroyed  Bayley's  valuable  anatomi- 
cal cabinet.     In  1792  he  was  elected  jirofessor  of 
anatomy  at  Columbia  college;    but  in   179,'J  he 
took  the  department  of  surgery,  in  which  he  was 
very  skilful.     About  170,")  he  was  a])pointed  health 
oflicer  to  the  port.     During  tlie  prevalence  of  the 
yellow  fever  lie  fearlessly  attended  u]ioii  the  sick 
and  investigate'^   the  ilisease.     In   17U7  he  ]iub- 
lished  his  e.ssa}    on  that  fever,  maintaining  that  it 
had  a  local  (uir^In  and  was  not  conlagiinis.     He 
also  published  in   1708  a  series  of  letters  on  the 
subject.     By  contagion  he  meant  a  sjjecilie  j:oison, 
as  hi  small  pox.     He  allowed,  that  the  fever  in 
certain  circumstances  was  infectious.     No  nurse 
or   attendant    in   the  hospitals   had    taken   the 
disease,  yet  it  might  be  conveyed  hi  clothing  and 
in  other  ways.     Hence  the  importance  of  cleanli- 
I  ucss  oiid  vuutilatlou.    The  state  (quarantine  laws 


74 


RAYJJES. 


BEACH. 


oripnattd  with  liim;  the  totiil  iiitcidiction  of 
coinincrec  with  llic  West  Indies  )iiul  by  n)mo  been 
coiitcnijihilcd.  In  Auf;.,  1H2I,  iin  Irish  eniif,'rant 
bIu]),  witli  shi])  fever,  arrived.  He  (bund  tlie  crew 
and  piisseii;,'ers  and  i)ii;,'Ka^a'  huddled  in  one  un- 
ventihited  a])Mrtnienf,  contrary  lo  his  orders. 
Entering'  it  only  a  moment,  a  deadly  niekness  at 
the  stonuich  and  intense  ])aiii  in  the  liead  seized 
liim,  and  on  tlu;  seventh  day  he  ex])ired.  Hois 
rej)resented  as  in  temjicr  liery,  invincible  in  hi.s 
dislikes,  infle.\ii)le  in  attachment,  of  jicrfect  intef;- 
rity,  f?entlemaidy,  and  chivalrously  honorable. 
llo  married  in  177.S  Charlotte  Amelia,  dauf,diter 
of  Andrew  Barclay,  a  merchant  of  New  York. 
His  writin},^s  have  been  mentioned:  on  the  croup, 
1781 ;  essay  on  the  vlHow  fever,  1797;  letters  on 
the  same,  I'i'JS. —  Tkacher's  Med.  Jiioi/.,  lj(i- 
108. 

BAYLIES,  Wiii.iAM,  M.  D.,  died  at  Di^'hton, 
Mass.,  June  17,  INiifJ,  a-^ed  82.  He  was  gradu- 
ate 1  at  Harvard  college  in  17(!0,and  was  a  member 
of  the  jjrovincial  congress  in  177o,  and  often  a 
member  of  the  council  of  the  State. 

BAYLIES,  IIoDUAii,  judge,  died  at  Dighton 
April  20,  1S1;J,  aged  80.  A  gradiuite  of  Harvard 
in  1777,  ho  was  aid  to  Gen.  i,incoln,  also  to 
Washington.  He  was  collector  of  customs,  and 
judge  of  jjrobatc  from  1810  until  ho  was  81.  He 
])osscssod  a  Christian  character,  aiid  shared  largelv 
in  the  ])ublic  confidence. 

BAY'LIES,  Fiii;i)i:uic,  died  in  Edgartovni  Oct., 
1830,  for  twenty  years  a  useful  teacher  of  the 
Indians  on  Martha's  Vinejard  and  in  I{.  I. ;  an 
c.\eni])lary,  worthy  man,  doing  much  for  Sundav 
schools  and  the  cause  of  tom])eranco. 

BAYLIES,  Nicholas,  judge,  died  at  Lyndon, 
Vt.,  Aug.  17,  1817,  aged  7j.  He  was  a  graduate 
of  Dartmouth  in  171)4,  and  ].'ractisod  law  in 
Woodstock  and  Montjielier.  His  wife  was  Mary 
llililey,  daughter  of  Prof.  Bijjley  and  grand- 
daughter of  President  E.  AVhcelock.  lie  pub- 
lished some  huv  books. 

BAYLIES,  Fkancih,  died  at  Taunt.on,  Oct.  28, 
1852,  aged  08.  For  several  terms  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  congress.  The  onl)'  electoral  vote  for  Jack- 
son as  jiresident,  from  New  I'.ngland,  was  given 
by  liim.  Soon  afterwards  he  was  ajijioiuted  min- 
ister to  Brazil,  but  was  ([uickly  recalled.  He 
publislied  a  history  of  the  old  colony  of  Plymouth 
in  2  vols.,  182S. 

BAYXAM,  W11.LIA.M,  a  surgeon,  the  son  of 
Dr.  John  Baynham  of  Caroline  county,  Va.,  was 
born  in  17li),  and  after  studying  with  Dr.  Walker 
was  sent  lo  London  in  17(J',),  where  he  made  great 
proficiency  in  anatomy  luul  surgery.  He  was  for 
years  an  assistant  demonstrator  to  Mr.  l",lse, 
professor  in  St.  'i'homas'  hosjjital.  After  residing 
sl.\tecn  years  in  L'ngland,  he  returned  to  this  coun- 
try, and  sellkd  in  Essex  about  178,>.  Ho  died 
Dec.    8,    1811,    aged  00    \ears.      He    iierformed 


many  remarkable  surgical  ojicrations.  As  an 
anatomist  he  had  no  sujierior.  The  best  ]irei)ara- 
tions  in  the  museum  of  ('line  and  Coojier  at  Lon- 
don were  made  by  liim.  Various  i.apers  by  Mr. 
B.  were  published  in  tlu"  medical  journals.  — 
TUm-lur's  Med.  Jlioi/.,  108-17;i;  .V.  Y.  Med. 
Ji/unidl,  I.  i  -/'////.  Juiin.dl,  IV. 

BEACH,  Juiix,  an  Ejjiscojial  clergyman  and 
writer,  was  j)robably  a  descendant  of  Kiehaid 
Beach,  who  lived  in  New  Haven  and  had  a  son, 
John,  born  in  UVM.  He  was  graduated  at  Y'alo 
college  in  172L  and  was  for  several  years  a  Con- 
gregatioiud  minister  at  Newtown.  Through  his 
acquaintance  with  Dr.  Johnson,  he  was  induced  to 
embrace  the  Lljiiscopal  form  of  worshij).  In  1732 
he  ■went  to  Ilngland  for  orders,  and  on  his  return 
was  employed  as  an  Eijiscojjalian  missionary  at 
Beading  and  Nc^wtown.  After  the  1  )eclaration  of 
Indc'ijendence,  Congress  ordered  the  ministers  to 
pray  for  the  commonwealth  and  not  for  the  king. 
Mr.  Beach,  who  retained  his  loyalty,  chose  to  jiray 
as  usual  for  his  majesty,  and  was  in  consequence 
iiandled  roughly  by  the  whigs.  He  died  ilarch 
li),  1782. 

He  ])ublishcd  an  appeal  to  the  unprejudiced,  in 
answer  to  a  sermon  of  Dickinson,  1737;  also, 
about  the  year  174o,  a  sermon  on  Itonians  0 :  23, 
entitled,  a  sermon  shewing  that  eternal  life  is 
God's  free  gift,  bestowed  upon  men  according  to 
their  moral  behavior.  In  this  he  o])posed  with 
much  zeal  some  of  the  Calvinistic  doctrines, 
contahied  in  the  articles  of  the  church  which  ho 
had  joined.  Jonathan  Dickinson  wrote  remarks 
upon  it  the  following  year,  in  liis  vindication  of 
God's  sovereignty  and  His  universal  love  to  the 
soids  of  men  reconciled,  in  the  form  of  a  dialogue, 
1747.  He  wrote  also  a  reply  to  Dickinson's 
second  vindication.  Mr.  Beach  was  a  bold  and 
distiiiguished  advocate  of  those  doctrines,  which 
are  denominated  Arminian.  Whatever  may  bo 
said  of  his  argument  in  his  dispute  with  Dickinson, 
he  evidently  yields  to  his  antagonist  in  gentleness 
and  civility  of  maimer.  Another  controversy,  in 
which  he  engaged,  had  respect  to  Ejiiscojiacy. 
He  pubLlicd  in  1710,  in  answer  to  IIol)art's  first 
address,  a  calm  and  dispassionate  vindication  of 
the  jirofessors  of  the  church  of  England,  to  wliich 
Dr.  Johnson  wrote  a  p.rci'ace  and  Mr.  Caner  an 
appendix.  He  seems  to  have  had  high  notions 
of  the  necessity  of  Ejiiscopal  ordination.  His 
other  publications  are,  the  duty  of  loving  our 
enemies,  1738;  an  inquiry  into  tiie  state  of  the 
dead,  17.J.J;  a  contiimation  of  the  vindication  of 
the  professors,  kc,  17o0  ;  the  hiquiry  of  tlie  young 
man  In  the  gospel;  a  sermon  on  the  death  of 
Dr.  Johnson,  1772.  —  Chandler's  Life  of  John- 
son, 02,  120. 

liEACH,  AimAiiAM,  D.  D.,  an  Ejjlscojial  min- 
ister, was  horn  at  Cheshire,  Conn.,  Sejit.  9,  1740, 
and  graduated  at  Y'ale  college  in  17u7.     The 


BEACII. 


BEAN. 


75 


Djial  min- 
9,  1710, 
J.     The 


bishop  of  London  orihiincd  him  in  June,  1707,  as 
11  prli'st  lor  New  Jci'scy.  Diiriii;;  scvcntt'cn  yi'nrs, 
iiu'lmliiij;  ihi'  ]iino(l  of  the  Ilcvohitiiin,  he  fran- 
(luilly  (lischiir^cd  llu'  (hitics  of  his  ollicc  at  New 
IJninswick.  A!U'r  the  peace,  lie  was  called  to 
New  York  an  nn  assistant  minister  of  'I'rinity 
church,  where  he  remained  ui)out  thirty  years, 
and  then  retired  ii\  IHl.'J  to  liis  farm  on  the  Uari- 
tan  to  i)ai;s  the  evening  of  his  jif  ■.  lie  died  Sept. 
11,  IKiiH,  lifted  HS  years.  His  daufjhter,  Maria, 
and  his  son-in-law,  .VMel  Carter,  an  I'lpiscojiul 
nihiislcr,  died  at  Savannah,  Oct.  '2H,  and  Nov.  1, 
1827.  His  dij^nitied  ])erHon,  expressive  comite- 
nance,  and  lively  feelin;,'M  nrdered  liis  old  iij,a' 
inturestii)j5  to  his  accpiaintante.  lie  was  respctiod 
and  lionored  in  his  failing  years.  A  sermon  of 
his,  on  the  hearing  of  the  word,  is  in  American 
Treacher,  ill.  He  published  o  funeral  sermon  on 
Dr.  Ciiandler,  1790.  —  KiilHinpal  Watrhman. 

BEACII,  EiiKMiZiiii  S.,  died  at  Rochester,  N.  Y., 
March  M,  1S50,  aged  (w.  He  was  educated  and 
very  successful  in  business.  In  furnishing  stores 
for  the  army  he  made  much  money  ;  for  liis  Hour 
milling  operations  he  was  extensively  known. 

BK.VCII,  Samii:i,,  M.  1).,  of  Itridgejiort,  died, 
killed  by  the  railroad  disaster  at  Norwalk  bridge 
May  0,  1H,J3.  He  was  among  the  forty-five  \wv- 
Hons  killed.  He  received  his  medical  degree  at 
Yale  in  1820; — besides  being  an  eminent  physi- 
cian  he  was  an  excellent  Christian, 

BKADlilo,  Wu-LIAXI,  a  deist,  was  born  near 
London,  and  came  to  this  country  with  a  small 
quantity  of  goods.  After  residing  at  New  Y'ork, 
Stratford,  and  Derby,  he  removed  to  Fairfield, 
■where  ho  married  a  Miss  Lathroj)  of  I'lymouth, 
Muss.  In  1772  he  transi)lanted  himself  to 
Wcthersiield,  where  he  sustained  the  character  of 
a  fair  dealer.  In  the  depreciation  of  the  paper 
currency,  he,  tlirough  some  error  of  judgment, 
thought  ho  was  still  bound  to  sell  his  goods  at 
the  old  jjrices,  as  though  the  conthiental  money 
had  retained  its  nominal  value.  In  the  decay  of 
his  property  he  became  melancholy.  Eor  years 
he  meditated  tlie  destruction  of  his  family.  At 
last,  Dec.  11,  17.S2,  he  murdered  with  an  u  c  aiul 
a  knil'o  his  wife  and  children  and  then  shot  him- 
self with  a  I'istol.  He  was  aged  't'l ;  his  wife!12; 
and  the  eldest  child  lo  years.  The  jury  of  in- 
quest pronounced  him  to  be  of  a  sound  mind ; 
and  the  indignant  inhabitants  dragged  his  body, 
uneollined,  witli  the  bloody  knife  tied  to  it,  on  u 
sled  to  the  river,  and  "  Inn'ied  it,  as  they  would 
have  buried  the  carcase  of  a  beast,"  and  as  the 
masonic  oaths  sjieak  of  Imrying  a  mason,  mur- 
dered for  his  fiulhlessness  to  masonry,  "  between 
high  and  low  water  mark."  He  was  a  man  f 
good  sense,  of  gentlemanly  conduct,  and  a  hos])i- 
table  dispo!.ilioi;.  His  wile  was  very  pleasing  in 
person,  mind,  and  manners.  —  It  ojipearsfrom  his 
writings,  that  he  was  u  deist,  luid  thut  ^)ridc  was 


the  cause  of  hiB  crimes.  He  was  unwilling  to 
submit  to  the  evils  of  poverty  or  to  receive  aid 
from  others,  and  unwilling  to  leave  his  family 
withinit  the  means  of  distinction.  Yet  was  ho 
worth  ;J(I()  ])ounds  sterling.  He  endeavord'  to 
convince  himself,  that  ).e  had  a  right  to  kill  his 
children,  liecause  they  were  his;  as  for  his  wife, 
he  relied  on  the  authority  of  a  dream  for  a  right 
to  muriler  her.  liis  wife,  in  coiiseipiencc  of  his 
carrying  the  im])lements  of  death  into  his  i)cd- 
rhamber,  had  dreamed,  that  she  and  the  children 
were  exjiosed  in  coilins  in  the  street.  This  solved 
Ins  doui)ts.  As  to  killing  himself  he  had  no 
(piahns.  From  such  horrible  crimes  what  is  there 
to  restrain  that  class  of  men,  who  reject  the 
scriptures,  or  who,  while  ])rofessing  to  believe 
them,  deny  tl...*  there  will  be  a  future  judgment, 
and  maintain,  that  deatli  will  trahslate  the  blood- 
stained wretch  to  heaven?  —  UwiijIiCs  Travels, 
I.  229. 

B1'2AN,  Josi;pn,  minister,  of  "Wrentham,  died 
Dec.  12,  17H1,  aged  00.     He  was  born  in  lioston 
March  7,  1718,  of  pious  parents,  who  devoted  him 
to  God.     Having  learned  a  trade,  ho  commenced 
business  at  Cambridge  j  but  in  1741  the  preach- 
ing of  Whiteiield  and  Tennent  and  of  his  own 
minister,  Ajipleton,  was  tlie  means  of  subduing 
his  love  of  the  world  and  of  rendering  him  wise 
unto  salvation.     He  now  made  a  profession  of 
religion  and  commenced  a  couMstent  course  of 
piety  and  benelicence,  in  which   he    continued 
tlirough  life,     lie  joined  a  religious  society  of 
young  men,  who   met  once  a  week ;  and  seized 
every  opj)ortunity  for  conversing  with  others,  es- 
pecially with  the  young  on  their  sj)irilual  concerns. 
In  1742  he  deemed  it  his   duty  to  abandon  his 
trade  and  to  seek  an   education,  that  he  might 
preach  the  gospel.     The  study  of  the  languages 
was    wearisome ;  but   he    jjersevered,    nnd  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  17  IS,  and  or- 
d;\ined  the  third  mhnster  of  Wrentham  Nov.  24, 
1750.     Mr.    liean  was  an  eminently   pious  and 
faithful  minister,  and  is  worthy  of  honorable  re- 
membrance.    From  liis  diary  it  ajipears,  that  he 
usually  spent  one  or   two   hours,  morning   and 
evening,  in  reading  the  Bible  and  secivt  devotion ; 
also  the   afternoons   of  Saturday,  when  his  dis- 
courses were  prepared  for  the  Sabbath  ;  and  the 
days  of  the  birth  of  himself  and  children,  as  well 
as  other  days,     lie  was  truly  humble,  and  watch- 
ful against  all  the   excitements  of  pride.    His 
conscience  was  peculiarly  susceptil)le.     His  heart 
was  tender  and  benevolent.     Such  was  his  con- 
stant intercourse  with  heaven,  that  hundreds  of 
limes,  when  riding  ui  the  pc.formance  of  paro- 
chial duty,  he  liad  dismounted  in  a  retired  place 
to  pour  out  his  heart  to  (jod.     When  he  had  pre- 
pared a  sermon,  he  would  take  it  in  his  hand  and 
kneel  down  to  imjjlore  a  blessing  on  it.     Nothing 
was  permitted  to  divert  liim  from  preaching  faith- 


76 


BEASLEY. 


liEECIIEIl. 


fully  the  Kok'mii  truths  of  t.'io  ;jim|)i'l.  Iff  loved 
luH  work  anil  liis  people,  and  they  loved  and 
honored  him.  Such  a  lite  will  diiulitiess  olilniii 
the  honor,  which  eonieth  from  (Jod  ;  mid  in  the 
(lay  of  jnd;;ni(nt  many  such  oliscuro  men,  whom 
the  world  knew  not,  will  he  exalted  far  uliove  a 
Tiniltitude  of  learned  doctors  in  divinity,  and  eele- 
lirated  orators,  and  lotty  di^fiiitanes,  whose  names 
once  resounded  thronf,'h  theearlh.  lle])ul)lished 
a  century  sermon  Oct.  2(i,  I77.'}.  —  i'diKijilisI,  \. 
481-i;-tM.' 

Jll'.ASI^EY,  Xatiiami;!-,  general,  died  in  Knox 
CO.,  Ohio,  in  IKIJo,  n^a'd  HI.  ]Ic  was  an  early 
(settler,  inlrllij,'ent  and  useful. 

11I;A.S1,I:Y,  I'ltKUKiucK.  J).  D.,  died  in  Eliza- 
hethtown,  X.  J,,  Nov.  2,  IHl.j,  npijed  (JH,  formerly 
jjrovost  of  the  university  of  Pennsylvania,  lie 
wrote  on  I'ljiiscopacy  and  on  moral  and  meta- 
physical sulijects. 

UI'.AT'l'Y,  ('iiAi!i,i:.i,  a  missionary  for  many 
years  at  Neshaminy,  I'cnns.,  was  apiiohited  abonl 
1701  an  aj^ent  to  ])roeurc  contrilni.iiins  to  a  fund 
for  the  lieiieilt  of  the  I'reshyteri.ui  clerfry,  their 
widows,  and  children,  lie  died  at  liarl)adoes, 
whither  he  had  gone  to  ol)laiu  henelactions  l-v 
the  college  of  New  Jersey,  Aug.  l.'i,  1772.  lli' 
was  highly  resjjccted  for  his  jirivate  virtues  and 
for  his  ])nblic  toils  in  the  cause  of  learning,  cimrity, 
and  religion.  He  was  a  missioiuiiy  from  the 
Presbyterian  church  to  the  Indians,  from  about 
1740  to  17'»J.  In  one  of  his  tours  Mr.  DufHeld 
nccomjjanied  him.  lie  j)ul)lished  a  journal  of  a 
tour  of  two  months  to  promote  religion  among 
the  frontier  inhabitants  of  I'ennsylvania,  8vo. 
London,  17CS.  —  Jeiminon ;  Bruincrd's  Life, 
149-1.J5. 

B1:ATTY,  John,  :M.  D.,  general,  the  son  of 
the  preceding,  was  a  native  of  Hucks  county, 
I'enn.,  and  was  graduated  at  Princeton  in  17(i9. 
After  studying  medicine  with  Dr.  Hush,  he  en- 
tered the  army  as  a  soldier,  lleaching  the  rank 
of  Lieut.-Col.  he  m  177G  fell  into  the  hands  of 
the  enemy  at  the  cai)ture  of  fort  AWashington,  and 
suffered  a  long  and  rigorous  imjjrisonment.  In 
1779  he  succeeded  Elias  Uoudinot  as  commissary 
general  of  j)risoners.  After  the  war  he  settled  at 
I'rineeton  as  a  physician,  and  was  also  a  member 
of  the  State  legislature,  and  in  1703  of  congress. 
For  ten  years  he  was  secretary  of  the  state  of 
Xew  Jersey,  succeec'ing in  1795  Samuel  AV.  Stock- 
ton. For  eleven  yeai'  he  was  president  of  the 
bank  of  Trenton,  where  he  died  April  30,  182(i, 
aged  77.  For  many  years  he  was  a  ruling  elder 
iu  the  church. —  Tliurhcr's  Med.  Bi(i</.  173,174. 
Ul'LVUWONT,  A\'ii.i,iAM,  doctor,  died  in  St. 
Louis  April  2o,  lSj;j,  aged  57.  His  account  of 
experiments  with  St.  Martin,  the  Canadian,  were 
published  iu  18;>3  and  1847. 

IJEC'K,  GlcoitGK,  a  painter,  wa.s  a  ni'tive  of  Eng- 
land, and  apijointed  professor  of  mati\en)atic8  in 


the  roynl  academy  at  AVoolwich  in  1770,  but 
missed  the  ollice  by  his  neglect.  After  coming 
to  this  country  in  1795,  he  was  eni|doy('d  in  ])aint- 
iug  l;y  Mr.  Hamilton  of  the  WomllandN,  near 
I'hiiadeiphia.  His  last  days  were  sjient  in  Lex- 
ington, Ky.,  where  he  died  l)ec.  11,  IHIL',  aged 
(13.  liesides  his  skill  in  nuithematics  and  jiaint- 
ing,  he  had  a  taste  for  ];oetry,  and  wrote  original 
])ieces,  besides  translating  Anacreon,  and  much 
of  Homer,  Virgil,  and  Horace.  He  published 
observations  on  tlu  comet,  1812.  —  Ji  uuixun. 

IHX'K,  John  liKoiuii-Ai),  M.  ]).,  died  at 
Hhinebeck,  A])ril  9,  1851,  aged  57.  He  was  em- 
inent as  a  ])hysician  in  New  York  ;  ]irofessor  of 
materia  niedica  and  botany  in  1820,  and  then  of 
medical  jurisjirudenee. 

IJECK,  T.  1{().mi:y\,  M.  I).,  died  at  Albany 
Nov.,  1855,  aged  04.  He  was  born  at  Schenec- 
tady Aug.  11,  1791,  the  grandson  of  Jlev.  Derick 
Honieyn,  a  professor  of  theology  in  the  Dutch 
church  ;  graduated  at  Ui  'on  in  1807,  and  received 
ilie  degree  of  M.  1).  from  the  New  York  college 
of  physicians  in  1811,  delivering  a  dissertation  on 
insanity,  which  was  ])ublished.  He  practised 
physic  in  Albany;  in  1815  he  was  jirofessor  of 
the  institutes  and  lecturer  on  medical  jurispru- 
dence in  the  western  district.  In  1817  he  was 
ajjpointed  j)rincipal  of  the  Albany  academy  ;  in 
1829  president  of  the  medical  society,  his  ad- 
dresses in  which  station  were  ]niblished  in  the 
society's  transactions.  In  1854  he  was  ])resident 
of  the  lunatic  asylinn.  For  many  years  he 
edited  the  American  journal  of  insanity.  He 
published  in  1853  his  medical  jurisjn-udence,  a 
work  unequalled  in  thai  branch. 

BECK,  Lkvvis  C,  jjroi'essor,  died  in  Albany 
April  21,  1853,  aged  53.  He  was  born  and  edu- 
cated at  Schenectady.  For  many  years  he  was 
the  ])rofessor  of  chemistry  and  natural  science  at 
Rutgers  college,  r.nd  subsequently  prolessor  of 
chemistry  in  t)ie  Albany  medical  college.  He 
published  an  account  of  the  salt  springs  at  Salina, 
1820;  manual  of  chemistry.  1831. 

BEDELL,  Glti-fiORY  f .,  D.  D.,  an  Episcopal 
minister,  died  at  Philadcli)hia  Aug.  30,  1834;  a 
man  of  learning.  He  publislied  Cause  of  the 
Greeks,  1827. 

BEDFOIM),  GiTs-NnsG,  governor  of  Delaware, 
was  a  jiatriot  of  the  Revolution.  He  was  chosen 
governor  in  1790.  He  was  afterwards  appointed 
the  district  judge  of  t)ie  court  of  the  United 
States  ;  and  died  at  Wilmington,  in  March,  1812. 

BEIXinil,  Plli;.KMUN,  general,  an  early  se-- 
tler  of  Ohio,  emigrated  from  Litchfield,  Conn., 
and  died  at  Lancaster,  Ohio,  Nov.  30,  1839,  aged 
03.  He  was  a  member  of  congress  in  1817-1821 
and  in  1823-1829;  in  his  politics  a  federali-r. 
He  was  an  able  lawyer  and  advocate,  respected 
for  his  talents  and  his  exenij)lary  Christian  virtues. 

BEECIIEU,  GEORCit,  died  July  1,  1843,  aged 


I)aiiy 
I'du- 


>co])al 
1:31;  a 
tlie 


1S12. 

'onn., 
ajrc'd 
-IS'Jl 
:ali^r. 
ccted 
rtucs. 
aged 


BEEK^L\N. 

aliout  O.'),  a  pradimtu  of  Yidp  in  IS'JH.  lie  was  n 
mm  of  ])r.  1-.  Itccclicr,  iiiul  a  niiiiistcr,  tirst  at 
lialavia,  and  tlicii  tliri'f  years  at  ('lilllicollic.  He 
\\vn\  iiili)  liis  },Mrd('ii  with  a  dDiiliie-liarnlk'd  };>iii 
to  shoot  liii'ds  :  aitiT  one  shot  lie  pnt  ids  nioutli 
to  the  l)ari('l,  to  Idow  into  it,  as  was  suiijjosed, 
and  the  ^tni  went  otF  and  killed  him. 

Jtlll'.KMAN.  CoilNKI.IA,  an  adnn'ialile  woman, 
a  patriot  of  the  Jtevolution,  died  in  Cliristian  jieace  : 
near  'I'arrytown   Mareji  14,    ISIT,  aj^ed  ',)l:  iier  ] 
husband,  (ierard  (i.  H.,  died   in    l.SLii',  a;,'ed  7<i 
She  was  the   danj^htcr  of  I'ierre  Van   Cnrtlandt 
and  Joanna  J-ivin^ston.     Married  at  17,  she  lived 
in  Heekman  street,  X.  Y. ;  then,  diirinj^  the  war, 
at  I'eekskill ;  afterwards  at  the  manor   house  of 
l'hili])sl)urf;h,  or  castle  I'hilijjse,  near  'I'arrytown, 
watered  hy  the  I'ocaiiteco  or  Mill    river.     Her 
brother.  Gen.  1'.  Van  C'ortlandt,  and  her  sister, 
Mr.s.   Van   Henssclacr,   survived   her;    also    her 
dauf^hter,  Mrs.  ])e  I'cyster,  and  her  son,  ])r.  HA). 
Beckman. 

lii:h;]{S,  N.vriiAX, died  at  Xew  Haven  ¥v]).  10, 
184!),  af^ed  !)().  After  .'^erviuf;  in  the  Itevolulionary 
war,  he  cnjjaf^ed  in  mercantile  business,  and  was 
loiipf  the  steward  of  Yale  college.  He  was  a 
deacon  of  the  north  church,  distinguished  for 
courtesy,  intc<,'rity,  and  j-iety. 

UFJX'IIEU,  Samii:!,,  first  minister  of  that 
parish  in  Newbury,  Mass.,  which  is  called  New- 
biu'v  Newtown,  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college 
in  IGOO.  After  preaching  some  time  at  the  Isle 
of  Shoals,  he  was  ordained  at  Newbury  Nov.  liO, 
lCi)S ;  and  died  at  Ipswich,  in  1714,  aged  74. 
He  was  a  good  scholar,  a  judicious  divine,  and  a 
holy  and  humble  man.  He  jiublished  an  electiim 
sermon,  17')7. —  Coll.  IHkI.  Sue.  x.  KiS  ;  Fdniicr. 

lUnX'HEU,  JoNATH.VN,  governor  of  Massachu- 
setts and  New  Jersey,  was  the  son  of  Andrew 
ISelcher  of  Cambridge,  one  of  the  council  of  the 
jiroviiiee,  and  a  gentleman  of  large  estate,  who 
died  in  171%  and  grandson  of  Andrew  H.,  who 
lived  in  C'airii)ridj^e  in  KilG,  and  who  received  in 
Hht2  a  lie  use  for  an  inn,  granting  him  liberty 
"  to  sell  oeer  and  bread  for  entertainment  of 
stranger!:'  and  the  good  of  the  town."  He  was 
horn  in  'an.,  1081.  As  the  hopes  of  the  family 
rested  on  him,  his  father  carefully  superintended 
his  cducalion.  lie  was  grtuluatcd  at  Harvard 
college  'i  !(J!)9.  While  a  member  of  this  insti- 
tution his  open  and  jdcasant  conversation,  joined 
with  his  :nanh  and  generous  ennduct,  conciliated 
the  esteem  of  all  his  actjuaintance.  Not  long 
after  the  termination  of  his  collegiate  course  he 
visited  Euro]!e,  that  he  might  enrich  his  mied 
by  his  observations  upon  the  various  manners  and 
characters  of  men,  and  niiglit  retiu'n,  furnished 
with  that  useful  knowledge,  which  is  gained  by 
intercourse  with  the  world. 

During  an  absence  of  si.\  years  from  his  native 
country,  he  was  preserved  from  those  follies  into 


nELHIER. 


77 


which  inexperienced  youth  are  frequently  dra\m, 
and  he  even  maintained  a  constant  regard  to  that 
liolv  religion,  of  which  he  had  early  made  a  pro- 
fession. He  was  everywhere  treated  with  the 
greatest  resjiect.  The  ac(pniintan<'e,  which  ho 
formed  with  the  jirincess  Sophia  and  her  son,  af- 
terwards king  (ieorge  II.,  laid  the  foundation  of 
hfs  t'uture  honors,  .\lter  his  retimi  from  hi.s 
travels,  lie  lived  in  lioston  as  a  merehani  with 
great  reputation.  Hi' was  chosen  a  member  of 
the  conueil,  and  the  general  as'-enilily  sent  him  as 
an  agent  of  the  province  to  the  llritish  court  in 
the  year  172!).  Hutchinson  relates,  that  just  be- 
fore he  obtained  this  appointment,  he  suddenly 
abaniloiu'd  the  jiarty  of  (iov.  Shute  and  his  meas- 
ures, to  which  he  had  been  attached,  and  went 
over  to  the  other  side.  This  sudden  change  of 
sides  is  no  rare  occin-rence  among  ])oliticians. 

After  the  death  of  Gov.  Unmet,  lie  was  ap- 
]iointed  bv  liis  majesty  to  the  government  of  Mas- 
sachusetts and  New  Ham])shire,  in  I7.'i().  In  this 
station  he  continued  eleven  years.  His  style  of 
living  was  elegant  and  s])leu(li(l.  and  he  was  dis- 
tinguished for  hosjiitality.  I>y  the  depreciation  of 
the  currency  his  salary  was  much  diminished  in 
value,  but  Iw  disdained  any  unwarrantable  means 
of  enriching  himself,  though  apjiarently  just  and 
sanctioned  by  his  predecessors  in  ofllce.  He  had 
))een  one  of  the  princij)al  merchants  of  New  Eng- 
land ;  but  he  (piitted  his  business  on  his  accession 
to  the  chair  of  the  first  magistrate.  Having  a 
high  sense  of  the  dignity  of  his  commission,  he 
was  determined  to  sujijiort  it  even  at  the  exjicnse 
of  hi;  private  fortune.  Frank  and  sincere,  he 
was  extremely  liberal  in  his  censures,  both  in  con- 
versation and  letters.  This  im])ru(lence  in  a  inib- 
lic  officer  gained  him  enemies,  who  were  di'ter- 
mined  on  revenge.  He  also  assumed  some 
authority,  which  had  not  been  exercised  before, 
though  he  did  not  exceed  his  commission.  These 
causes  of  complaint,  together  with  a  controver.y 
respecting  a  fixed  salary,  which  had  been  trans- 
mitted to  him  from  his  jnedecessors,  and  his 
op])osition  to  the  land  bank  comi)any,  finally  occa- 
sioned his  removal.  His  enemies  were  so  inveter- 
ate, and  so  regardless  of  jtisticc  and  truth,  that, 
as  they  were  unable  to  find  real  gi-ounds  for  im- 
])eaching  his  integrity,  they  forged  letters  for  the 
purjjose  of  his  ruin.  They  accused  him  of  being 
a  friend  of  the  lavd  bank,  v  hen  he  was  its  deter- 
mined luemy.  1  iie  leading  men  of  New  Hamp- 
shire, who  wished  for  a  distinct  government,  were 
hostile  to  him  ;  and  his  resistance  to  a  ju'ojiosed 
new  emission  of  paper  bills  also  created  him  ene- 
mies. Oil  bilng  superseded,  he  repaired  to  court, 
where  he  \indicated  his  character  and  conduct, 
and  exposed  the  liasc  designs  of  his  enemies.  He 
was  restored  to  the  royal  favor,  and  was  prom- 
ised the  first  vacant  government  in  America. 
This  vacancy  occurred  in  the  province  of  New 


78 


BELCH  rn. 


nFI-DEX. 


Jersey,  whore  lif  amvptl  in  1 7 17,  anrl  wIictp  he 
8])ciit  the  rfliiiiiiiiii;,'  yo.irs  of  his  jilc.  In  tliin 
j>ri)viiic(.'  liix  inciuDr)  hun  U'l'ii  Ji'-W  in  destTvcd 
rfsjiccl, 

VVhcii  ho  first  arrived  itt  tliis  )>rovii>cp,  he  found 
it  ill  the  ii'iiiot  roiifiiNioii  1)\  ttiinulfN  uii'l  riotous 
(lisordcrH,  wiiii'h  liad  for  some  time  jjrcvailt'd. 
'J'liis  cirfiinistiUK.'c,  joined  to  tlie  unhii))))y  contw- 
versy  hetwccii  tlic  two  Itranclies  of  tlic  l(;,'i,slatur(', 
rendered  llic  llrst  part  of  iiis  adniinislrulioii  pc- 
euliarly  dillicMJI  ;  hut  I  y  I. is  firm  and  jirudcnt 
niea-^ures  he  surniounted  liie  diHieuliies  of  liis  sit- 
uation, lie  stcailily  jiursued  the  intc  rest  of  llie 
pro\iiiee,  endeavoriuf,'  to  dislin;,'Mis]i  and  jironiote 
men  of  worth  wi  hout  jiariialily.  lie  eidar^jed 
the  eharter  of  I'rinceton  eo]le;,'e,  and  was  its 
eliief  jiatron  and  henefaetor.  I'.ven  nnder  tlie 
(jrowintf  infirniilies  of  a;j:e,  he  applied  himself 
witli  liis  aeeiistonu'd  assiduity  and  (hli^enee  to  the 
hi;,'h  (hities  of  lii-i  ollire.  lie  died  at  riizahelli- 
town,  Au;;.  .'il,  IT.jT,  a;,'ed  "(i  years;  His  liody 
was  Iiroii;,dit  to  Canihrid^jfo,  Mass.,  wliere  it  was 
entomlied.  His  eldest  sOii,  Andrew,  a  member  of 
the  eouneil,  died  at  Millon  before  the  Uevoliilion. 
In  thenjiiiiion  of  I)r.  Llliot  ho  did  not  inherit  the 
sjiirit  of  liis  liilher. 

Gov.  lieleher  po-;sossed  iinenmmon  frraeofiilncss 
of  j)orsoii  and  dif^nily  o(  deportment.  He  obeyed 
the  royal  iiistrnclionM  on  I'.ii  one  hand  and  exhib- 
ited a  real  rep;ard  to  tho  l,'i;eitios  and  happiness 
of  the  peo])le  on  iho  other.  Ho  was  distin- 
guished by  his  unshaken  intejjritV;  by  his  zeal  for 
justice,  and  e-ire  to  havf  it  coually  distributed. 
Neither  the  elaims  of  interest  nor  tho  solieitations 
of  friends  could  move  him  from  w  hat  ajJiiearod  to 
he  his  duty.  Ho  seems  to  have  possessed,  in  ad- 
dition to  his  other  aecomjilishments,  that  piety, 
whose  lustre  is  eternal.  His  religion  was  not  a 
mere  formal  thing,  whieh  he  received  from  tra- 
dition, or  prol'essed  in  coni'ormily  lo  the  custom 
of  iho  country,  in  which  ho  lived ;  but  it  im- 
pressed his  heart,  and  governed  his  li*b.  He  liad 
such  views  of  the  majesty  and  holiness  of  Cod, 
of  the  strictness  and  ]>urity  of  the  divine  law,  and 
of  his  own  nnworlliiness  and  iniiiuity,  as  made 
him  disclaim  all  dependence  on  his  own  right- 
eousness, and  led  him  to  ]ilace  his  whole  ho])e  lor 
salvation  on  tho  merits  of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ, 
wlio  ajipeared  to  him  an  all-sullleient  and  glori- 
ous Saviour.  He  expressed  the  humblest  sense 
of  his  own  eharacler  and  the  most  exalted  views 
of  tlie  rich,  i'roe,  and  glorious  grace  oli'ered  in  the 
gosjiel  to  sinners.  His  faith  worked  by  love,  and 
produced  the  genuine  i'ruits  of  obetr.onee.  It  ex- 
hibited itself  in  a  life  of  piety  and  devotion,  of 
meekness  and  humility,  of  justice,  trulli,  and  be- 
nevolence. He  searched  tho  holy  sc  'iptures  with 
the  greatest  diligence  and  delight.  In  his  family 
he  maintained  the  wor.sliip  of  God,  liimsolf  read- 


I'mfi  tho  volumo  of  truth,  and  addressing  in  prnyor 
'the  .Majesty  of  heaven  and  of  earth,  as  Ion;,'  as 
I  his  health  and  strength  woidd  po'  sibly  admit. 
In  tlie  hfnirs  of  refir<'nienf  he  held  intercourse 
with  heaven,  carefnli>  redeeming  time  from  tho 
business  of  this  world  '<>  attend  to  the  more  im- 
jjortaiit  concerns  of  ano^lier.  Though  there  wa.s 
nothing  ostertfatious  in  iiis  religion,  yet  he  was 
not  ashamed  to  avow  his  attar Innent  to  the  gosjiel 
of  Christ,  even  when  he  exposed  himself  to 
ridif  iile  and  censure.  When  .Mr.  Whitfield  was 
at  Hf/ston  in  the  year  1710,  he  treated  that  elo- 
fpient  itinerant  with  tin.'  greatvst  rosjioct.  He 
even  followed  him  as  tiir  as  Worcester,  iind  re- 
quested him  to  continue  liis  faithful  instructions 
and  j)ungent  addresses  to  the  conscience,  desiring 
him  to  spare  neither  ministers  nor  rulers.  Ho 
I  was  indeed  deejily  interested  in  tho  ])rogress  of 
I  holiness  and  religion.  As  ho  ajijiroachod  tho 
I  t("rmination  of  his  Ufe,  ho  often  ex])ressed  his 
j  desire  to  dejiart  and  to  enter  tho  world  of  glory. 
—  Ihirr'n  Fiiiierdl  tirnntm  ;  IIiiic/tiiiKoii,  II.  JJCT- 
.'W7i  //ofnicn,  II.  IH;  Smil/i'x  X.  J.,  -137-438; 
Uldkmips  K.  II.;  WJiilJirfil's  Jour. /or  1143; 
[Marxliiill,  I.  2'J!);  Mini/,  I.  Gl;  Elliot. 

lU^LCIlI'.Jl,  J()N.\Tll.V.v,  chief  ju.stico  of  Nova 
.Scotia,  was  the  second  son  of  tho  j)rcceding,  and 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  17'J8.  He 
stu(Ued  law  at  the  temple  in  Lond(m  and  gained 
some  distinction  at  the  bar  hi  England.  At  tho 
settlement  of  Chebucto,  afterwards  called  Hali- 
lax,  in  honor  of  one  of  the  king's  ministers,  he 
jiroceeded  to  that  lilace,  and  being  in  17(iO  senior 
councillor,  on  the  death  of  Gov.  Lawrence  he 
was  aj)i)ointed  lieutenant-governor,  in  which  office 
he  was  succeeded  by  Col.  AVilmot  in  ITO.'J.  In 
1701  he  received  his  aj)pointnient  of  chief  justice  ; 
in  the  same  year,  as  commander  in  chief,  he  made 
a  treaty  with  tho  Mirimichi,  Jediuk,  and  I'ogi- 
noueh,  Mitkmacli  tribes  of  Indians.  He  died  at 
ilahlti.x  March,  1770,  aged  Cj.  He  was  a  man 
of  ])rudenco  and  integrity,  and  a  friend  of  Now 
England.  In  17tJ0  he  married  at  Boston  tho  sis- 
ter of  Jerem.  Allen,  sheriff  of  Suflolk ;  on  her 
death  in  1771  Mr.  Secomb  published  a  discourse, 
and  her  kinsman.  Dr.  Bylos,  a  monody.  Andrew 
Delcher,  liis  son,  was  a  distingui.'hcd  citizen  of 
Halifax  and  a  member  of  tho  council  in  1801. 
A  daughter  m;,rried  I)r.  Timothy  L.  Jennisou  of 
Caii!l)ridge,  Mass.  —  J^^s,s•.  lliltl.  Cull.  V.  102; 
r/ciiidsoii  ;  J'Alvf. 

UELDEX,  Josiir.A,  jdiysician  of  Weather.- field, 
was  the  sou  of  Kcv.  Joshua  lieldon  of  that  town, 
w  ho  reached  tho  age  of  00  years.  After  graduating 
at  Yale  college  in  1787,  ho  studied  ])hysic  with 
Dr.  L.  Hopkins.  Besides  his  useful  toils  as  a 
physician,  ho  was  emjiloyed  in  vaiious  offices  of 
public  trust.  Ho  was  a  zealous  su])porter  of  all 
charitable  and  religious  institutions.    At  the  age 


lir.I.KNAI". 


BELKNAP. 


79 


.'0-1- 

L'd  at 

mail 

New 

sis- 

licr 


ic'ld, 
own, 
iting 
with 
ns  a 
IS  of 
all 
age 


of  ;';()  lie  fell  n  victim  siiddiMily  to  llic  spottcil 
fcviT,  June  0,  1818. —  Tliurlur'n  Mulinil  lliixj- 
ra/i/ii/. 

lil'.I.KNAl',  Ji:iiiMY,  ]).  1).,  minister  in  V>n<- 
ton,  'ind  eminent  as  a  writer,  died  Jniie  '.'!•,  ITKS, 
n;,'ed  .J  I.  lie  was  l«)rn  June  1,  171 1,  and  was  a 
descendant  of  . lose;  li  lUlknap,  wli(»  lived  in  lios- 
ton  in  U'l'jH,  lie  rec  ivedtlie  rndiinenis  of  learn- 
in;?  in  the  (rrammar  school  of  the  eeleUraleil  Mr. 
Lovel,  and  was  fjradnated  at  Harvard  coile;^'!' in 
1702.  He  exhiliited,  at  this  early  period,  snch 
markw  of  (renins  and  taste,  and  Mich  talents  in 
writinf^  and  conversation,  as  to  e\cile  the  nuist 
j)lcasinf^  hopes  of  his  fntnre  nsel'idness  and  dis- 
tinction. Havinjr  upon  his  mind  deep  imjiressions 
of  the  truths  of  relij^ion,  he  now  applied  hliu'clf 
to  the  Htudy  of  theclo^y,  and  he  was  onliined 
pastor  of  the  ehnrch  in  Dover,  \.  11.,  I'el).  is, 
17(i7.  Here  lie  passed  ne;ir  tweni  \ears  of  his 
life,  with  the  esteem  and  allecliou  of  lils  llock,  and 
respected  by  the  lirnt  characters  of  the  state.  He 
was  jiersnadcd  hy  them  to  compile  his  history  of 
New  Hamiisliire,  which  fjained  him  a  hiu;h  repu- 
tation. In  17S0  he  was  dismissed  from  his  peo- 
ple. The  I'resbylerian  church  in  lioston  heconi- 
inp;  vacant  hy  the  removal  of  Mr.  Annan,  anil 
having  changed  its  estahlishment  from  the  I'res- 
bytciian  to  the  Congregational  form,  soon  invited 
him  to  hecomc  its  jiastor.  He  was  accordingly 
ir.italled  April  4,  1787.  Here  ho  jiassed  the  re- 
mainder of  his  days,  discharging  the  duties  of 
his  pastoral  oflice,  ex])loring  various  lields  of  liter- 
ature, and  giving  his  ellicient  support  to  every 
useful  and  henevolciit  institution.  After  being 
subject  to  frequent  returns  of  ill  health  ho  was 
suddenly  seized  by  a  fatal  paralytic  affection. 

Dr.  Belknap  in  his  preaching  did  not  possess 
the  graces  of  elocution,  nor  did  he  aim  at  splen- 
did diction  ;  hut  presented  his  thoughts  in  plain 
and  i)ers])icuous  language,  that  all  might  under- 
stand him.  While  he  lived  in  lioston,  he  avoided 
controversial  subjects,  dwelling  chiefly  upon  the 
practical  views  of  the  gospd.  His  sermons  were 
filled  with  a  rich  variety  of  oljservations  on  himiaii 
life  and  manners.  He  was  jieculiarly  c:?;\'t\d  in 
giving  rehgious  instruction  to  young  children,  that 
their  feet  might  be  early  guided  in  the  way  of 
life.  In  the  afternoon  jjreceding  his  death,  he 
was  engaged  in  catechizing  the  youth  of  his  .soei- 
cty.  lu  the  various  relations  of  life  his  conduct 
was  exemjdary.  He  was  a  member  of  many  lit- 
erary and  human''  soc'cties,  whose  interests  he 
essentiully  jroniou'l.  'V'^  lierever  he  could  be  of 
any  service,  he  freely  <le\i)ted  his  time  and  talents. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Massachusetts 
historical  society.  He  had  been  taught  the  value 
of  an  association,  whose  duty  it  should  be  to  col- 
lect and  jireserve  n^auuscripts  and  bring  together 
the  materials  for  ilh..trating  the  history  of  our 


country;   nnd  he  hod  the   happiness  of  seeing 
Hueii  im  institution  iiicorjioratcd  in  I7'.l-J. 

l)r.  Itelkiiap  gained  a  lii:rh  reputation  as  a  wri- 
ter; but  he  is  more  reinarl. able  for  the  patience 
and  accuracy  of  his  histori  .d  researches,  than  for 
elegance  of  style,  ills  delicieiicy  in  natural  sci- 
ence, as  nianilested  in  his  hi-lory  of  New  llamp- 
shire,  is  rendered  more  |>roinineiit  by  the  rapid 
progress  of  natural  history  since  his  death.  His 
l'"oresters  is  not  only  a  description  of  .\merican 
manners,  but  ii  work  of  humor  and  wit,  which 
went  into  a  second  edition,  llelbre  thi' Kevolu- 
tion  he  wrote  mueli  in  fivor  of  freedom  and  his 
country,  nnd  he  afterwarils  gave  to  the  public 
many  irults  of  his  labors  nnd  researches.  His 
1 1st  and  most  interesting  work,  his  .\merican  lliog- 
rapliy,  he  did  not  live  to  complete.  He  was  a 
ileei<led  advocate  of  our  re[)iibliean  forms  of  gov- 
enunent.  and  ever  was  a  warm  friend  of  the  con- 
stilnlion  of  the  I'nited  Slates,  which  he  consid- 
ered the  bulwark  of  our  national  security  and 
happiness.  He  was  earnest  in  his  wishes  and 
prayers  for  the  government  of  his  country,  and  in 
critical  ])eriods  took  an  ojien  and  unecpiivocal, 
and,  as  far  as  jjrofeshioual  and  juivate  duties  al- 
lowed, an  active  part. 

The  following  extract  from  some  lines,  found 
among  his  papers,  expresses  his  choice  with  regard 
to  the  manner  of  his  death ;  and  the  event  corre- 
sponded with  his  wishes. 

Ariion  f  iltti  and  imtlrnpr,  tiopo  nnd  love 
Ilnvi'  mintt!  iM  meet  for  licavni  iiljovo, 
Ilnw  litest  tiio  privilc;;*.'  to  rise, 
Hnutchcil  iti  u  inoinotit  to  tlx;  skies  1 
Unconscious,  to  rcsij,'n  (pur  lircitli. 
Nor  taste  tlic  bittcrnc.ia  of  Ucatli, 

Dr.  llelknap  published  a  sermon  on  military 
duty,  1772 ;  a  serious  address  to  a  jiarishioner 
u])on  the  neglect  of  jiublic  worship;  a  sermon  on 
Jesus  Christ,  the  only  Ibundation ;  election  ser- 
mon, 17sl;  history  of  New  Hampshire,  the  first 
volume  in  1781,  the  second  in  1701,  and  the  third 
in  171)2  ;  a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of  Jedediah 
Mcu'se,  1780;  a  discourse  in  1702,  on  the  com- 
])letion  of  the  third  century  from  Columbus'  dis- 
covery of  America ;  dissertations  ujiou  the  char- 
acter and  rosLirrcetion  of  Christ,  12nio. ;  collec- 
tion of  psalms  and  hymns,  170 J;  convention 
sermon,  1700 ;  a  sermon  on  the  national  fast, 
^lay  9,  17iW  ;  .Vnierican  biograjjhy,  first  volume 
in  1701,  the  second  in  1708;  the  foresters,  an 
American  tale,  being  a  secpiel  to  the  history  of 
John  Bull,  the  clothier,  12mo.  He  pubhshed 
also  several  essays  ujjon  the  African  trade,  upon 
civil  and  religious  liberty,  upon  the  state  and  set- 
tlcmei  ;  of  this  country,  in  jieriodical  pa])crs ;  in 
the  Columbian  magazine  printed  in  riiiladelphiaj 
in  the  Boston  magazine,  1781 ;  in  the  historical 
collections  j    and    in  newspapers.     Two  of  his 


80 


nFI.KXAP, 


niXLAMY. 


ncrnioiiii  on  tliu  iiiNtltnlinii  and  (iliNcrvnlinii  of  the 
Siililmlli  wiTf  pii'  lisliid  ill  INOl,  —  .lA/.i.v,  Uinl. 
<'•>//.  VI.  X.-XVIIl.  )  Coliiiiiliiiin  (.'nil.,  .lilne'2o, 
171IS:   l',,/i/,iiilfi':i,  I.  l-i;i. 

lli:i.KNAl',  l./l.Kli:i„  (lied  in  AlkiiiNoii,  N.  II., 
Jim.  •'),  l.s;J(>,  ii^'cd  1(1(1  ^l'ill■^  mill  10  davK;  an 
otiii'cr  ill  llif  iJcviiliiiii'iiiiry  nniiy.  llcwaH  llio 
Kim  (if  Mosc's,  wild  dlfd  in  INl.'l,  n^^rd  '■'.  himI 
};nili(N(iii  of  llaiiiiiili  II.,  wlm  died  a^^'cd  Ui\. 

III'.I.I.,  ,lipii\,  a  disiiiij;iii>lu'd  ciiizi-n  of  New 
llaiii]i.';liiii',  (if  (il'cal  jiid;jiii(iit,  del  i>loil,  and  ill- 
t('j,'rily,  died  at  i.iiiii!  mdirn.  Nov.  •Ji),  1SL'.(,  a>,'('(l 
!».)  ycai^.  lli«  fatlici-,  .Idliii.  «;is  an  early  sculcr 
of  lliat  town.  DiiiiMf,'  tlii'  licvoliitioiiary  war  he 
was  u  Icadiiif,'  nienilier  of  the  senale.  I'roiii  an 
early  a;,'('  he  was  a  professor  of  reli;;ion.  'i'wo  of 
his  sons,  Sainiicl  and  John,  were  governors  of 
New  llanqishire;  the  forim  i  was  a  senator  of 
the  I'liitcd  States.  Mis  j;i  ludsoii,  John  Ihli,  son 
of  Samuel,  a  )))iysiiiaii  of  ;,'i-eat  |iii)nil>^e.  died  at 
Grand  Cailloii.  I,a.,  Nov.  "JT,  l.s;iil  a;,'eil  .'10. 

I1I'',LI,,  S\mI'i;l,  jjoveiiior,  died  in  Ciiester, 
N.  II.,l)ee. 'J.I,  lS,-)0,  a;,'ed.Sl  ;  af,'radiiate  of  Darl- 
liioiilh,  a  jiidf,'e  of  the  su|ierior  eoiirt  from  iJSKi 
to  ISI!),  f,'overniir  fnun  ISHMo  lNL.'.'t,  and  u  sen- 
ator in  ('onj;ress  Irom  ISL!.'!  to  IN.".). 

Jii;i.l„  JdllN,  govr  nor  of  N.  II.  hi  182H, died 
nt  Chester,  March  21',  l.S.'tti. 

IIKJ.I.AMONT,  UicHAKi),  curl  of,  f;ovcrnor 
of  New  York,  Massaclni'ietts,  and  New  lluni])- 
shire,  was  appointed  to  these  oliices  early  in  .May, 
Ki!*.-),  hut  (lid  not  arrive  at  New  Yoi'k  until  .May, 
l()i)S.  lie  had  to  struj,'nle  with  iiianv  ditlieulties, 
for  the  j)eo]ile  were  divided,  the  treasury  was  iin- 
fiUl)])lie(l,  and  the  forliHcaliiins  were  out  of  repair. 
Notwitlr landiiif;  the  care  of  };overnnient,  the 
pirates,  who  in  time  of  ]ieaco  made  fjreat  de]ire- 
dations  uiion  Spanish  ships  and  setilemeiits  in 
America,  were  freipiently  in  the  sound,  and  were 
suiiplied  with  jn'ovisions  hy  the  inhaliilanls  of 
Loufi;  Island.  The  hehef,  that  large  (piantities  of 
money  were  hid  hy  these  pirates  aloiif,'  the  coast, 
led  to  many  a  fruitless  search  ;  and  thus  the  nat- 
ural ereilulity  of  !he  human  mind  and  the  desire 
of  sudden  wealth  were  siiitalily  ])unislied.  The 
Ivirl  of  Jiellanumt  remained  in  the  jiroviuce  of 
New  York  about  a  year.  lie  arrived  at  IJoston 
Jlay  2(i,  ]()!)(>,  and  in  ^lassachusetts  lie  was  re- 
ceived with  tin:  fjreatest  resjiect,  as  it  was  a  new 
thiiif,'  to  see  a  iiol)lenuni  at  the  head  of  the  fjov- 
crnment.  Twenty  comjianies  of  soldiers  and  a 
vast  concourse  of  peojile  met  '■  his  lordship  and 
countess  "  on  liis  arrival.  "  There  were  all  man- 
ner of  expressions  of  joy,  and,  to  end  all,  firework 
and  goiid  drink  at  nif,'ht."  He  in  return  took  ev- 
ery method  to  iiii^ratiate  himself  with  the  peojilc. 
lie  was  condcscendiiifT,  atliible,  and  courteous 
upon  all  occasions.  Thoufjh  a  churchman,  he  at- 
tended the  weekly  lecture  in  ISoston  with  the  gen- 
eral court,  who  always  adjourned  for  the  purpose. 


'  For  the  prenchert  ho  profcKsed  the  jrreatent 
'  re;;urd.  lly  his  "  i-e  .'ondiu't  he  ohlained  ii  lar* 
^1  r  hiiia  us  0  sniary  ami  us  a  gratuity,  than  any  of 
his  pr((h'cessiii,  i-  Mircissors.  Thou^di  he  re- 
mained liiit  tiiur'.ceii  months,  the  grants  made  lo 
him  were  one  ihousanil  eight  hundred  and  sev- 
enty-live ]ioun(ls  steiling.  liis  time  was  miieli 
taken  up  in  securing  the  pirates  and  their  elt'ects, 
to  accoinplish  which  was  a  jnincipal  renMiii  of  hiH 
ii|ipointiiient.  I  luring  his  udie  listration  ('apt. 
Kiild  was  seized,  and  sent  lo  i  .111,'land  for  trial. 
Soon  after  the  session  of  the  gi  111  ral  court  in 
.May,  1700,  he  reluriit  d  to  .New  York,  where  ho 
(lied  March  '),  ITOl.  He  had  made  himself  very 
popular  in  his  governments.  He  was  a  nolilemaii 
of  polite  manners,  u  friend  to  the  revolution, 
which  e.xcited  so  much  joy  in  New  Miigland,  and 
a  favorite  of  king  AVilliam.  Hutchinson,  who 
was  himself  not  nnskill  I  in  the  arts  of  ]io|)u- 
larity,  seems  to  consider  In  regard  to  religion  an 
pretended,  and  represents  /liin  as  preferring  for 
his  associates  in  priva:e  the  less  prtrise  piirt  of 
I  the  country.  As  the  earl  was  once  going  from 
the  lecture  to  his  house  with  agreat  crowd  around 
him,  he  jiassed  hy  one  llullivant,  an  niiolheeary, 
anil  a  man  of  the  liberal  cast,  who  was  standing 
at  his  slio]i-door  loitering.  "Doctor,"  said  the 
earl  with  an  audible  voice,  "  you  have  lost  a  jire- 
oious  sennon  to-day."  Bullivant  whisjiered  to  ono 
of  his  comiianions,  who  stood  by  Iiini,  "  if  I  could 
have  got  as  much  by  being  there,  as  his  hirdshij) 
will,  I  wouhl  have  been  there  too."  However, 
there  seems  to  he  no  reason  to  distrust  the  f>iii- 
cerity  of  liellainont.  The  dissijmtion  of  his  early 
years  caused  afterwards  a  deeji  regret.  It  is  said, 
that  while  residing  at  fort  George,  N.  \.,  ho 
once  a  week  retired  jirivately  to  the  cliaj)el  to 
meditate  humbly  ujion  his  juvenile  folly.  Such 
a  man  iniglil  deem  a  serm(ni  on  the  method  of 
salvation  "  j)recious,"  without  meriting  from  the 
seoU'er  the  charge  of  hyiiocrisy.  —  JIulcliui.wn,  II. 
ST,  1(W,  Ul'-U),  121.  ' 

Bl'J.LAMY,  JosKi'ii,  D.  D.,  an  eminent  min- 
ister, died  March  0,  17!)0,  aged  71,  in  the  fiftieth 
year  of  his  ministry.  He  was  born  ut  New  Che- 
shire in  1719,  and  was  graduated  at  Yale  college 
in  1  To').  It  was  not  hmg  after  his  removal  from 
New  Haven,  that  he  became  the  subject  of  those 
serious  impressions,  which,  it  is  believed,  issued 
in  reiiovati(«i  of  heart.  From  this  jieriod  ho 
consecrated  his  talents  to  the  evangelical  ministry. 
.\t  the  age  of  eighteen  he  began  to  jireach  with 
aecei)tance  and  success.  An  uncommon  blessing 
attended  his  ministry  at  liethlem  in  the  town  of 
'Woodbury  j  a  large  proportion  of  the  society  ap- 
peared to  be  awakened  to  a  sense  of  religion,  and 
they  were  unwilling  to  jiart  with  the  man,  by 
whose  ininiKtry  they  had  been  conducted  to  a. 
knowledge  of  the  truth.  He  was  ordained  to  the 
pastoral  oflicc  over  tliis  church  in  1740.    In  this 


nF.I.LAMY. 


nF.LI.AMY. 


81 


n'tiromenf  lif  di'voti-d  liimnclf  with  uncommon 
nrtlor  to  his  studifH  and  the  duties  of  his  ofhrc 
till  the  nu'inornlile  rtvivnl,  wiiicli  wns  most  (•"ii- 
H]iiru()us  ill  171'.'.  His  Fpiril  <it'  piety  was  then 
blown  into  a  thinie  ;  )ie  rouid  not  lie  contetili  d  t<> 
conline  his  iiilmrs  to  his  small  society.  Tiikin^ 
core  that  his  own  ])iil])it  should  lie  vaeant  .as  little 
as  j)ossilile,  he  devoted  ii  considenilile  |)aii  (if  his 
timu  for  several  years  to  ilineratiiif^  in  ditferent 
])orts  of  Connecticut  and  the  neif^Iilioiiu;,'  colonies, 
jjrenchinff  the  jjosjiel  daily  to  multitudes,  who 
flocked  to  hear  him.  He  was  instrumental  in  the 
coiiversicm  of  many.  When  the  awakenin-;  de- 
clined, ho  relumed  to  a  more  constant  attention 
to  his  own  ch.-rge.  He  now  lie^jan  the  ta.sk  of 
Hfritinfr  '^  e\  llenttreati.so,  entitled  true  reli;jion 
dcline 
abiUti 
edge. 

kindit  ' 

liarly  fd. 
ho   became  i 


■li 


was  ]iul)lished  in  IT.'iO.  His 
'  ■  iety,  his  theological  kniiwl- 
willi  persons  imder  all 
ressions  tjualilied  him  pei'u- 
.his  kind.  I'Vom  this  time 
inspicuous,  nnd  young  men, 
who  were  jirepariu;,'  for  the  gosjiel  ministry,  nj)- 
phed  to  him  as  a  teacher.  I;i  this  branch  of  liis 
work  he  was  eminently  useful  till  the  decline  of 
life,  when  he  relin(iuishcd  it.  His  method  of  in- 
struction was  the  following.  After  ascertaining  the 
abilities  nnd  genius  of  those,  who  njipUcd  to  him, 
he  gave  them  a  number  of  questions  on  the  lend- 
ing and  most  essential  subjects  of  religion,  in  the 
form  of  a  system.  He  then  directed  them  to 
such  books  ns  treat  the.se  sulijects  with  the  great- 
est persi)icuity  nnd  force  of  argument,  and  usually 
spent  his  evenings  in  inquiring  into  their  imj/ro\  e- 
ments  and  solving  diiliculties,  till  they  had  oli- 
tained  n  good  degree  of  understanding  in  the 
general  system.  After  this,  he  directed  them  to 
write  on  ench  of  the  questions  before  given 
them,  reviewing  those  parts  of  the  nuthors  which 
treated  on  the  subject  proposed.  These  disserta- 
tions were  submitted  to  his  examination.  As  they 
advanced  in  abiUty  to  molic  proper  distinctions,  he 
led  them  to  read  the  most  learned  and  acute  op- 
posers  of  the  truth,  the  deistical,  arian,  and  socin- 
ian  writers,  and  laid  ojien  the  fallacy  of  their 
most  specious  reasonings.  AVhen  the  system 
was  corajjleted,  he  directed  them  to  write  on  sev- 
eral of  the  most  important  points  systematically, 
in  the  form  of  sermons,  lie  next  led  them  to 
peruse  the  best  experimental  and  jirnctieal  dis- 
courses, and  to  compose  sermons  on  like  subjects. 
He  revised  and  corrected  their  compositions,  in- 
culcating the  necessity  of  a  heart  truly  devoted 
to  Christ,  and  a  life  of  watching  and  prayer ;  dis- 
coursing occasionally  on  the  various  duties,  trials, 
comforts,  and  motives  of  the  evangelical  work ; 
that  his  pupils  might  be,  ns  fnr  ns  possible, 
"  scribes  well  instructed  in  the  kingdom  of  God." 
In  1786  Dr.  Bellnmy  was  seized  by  n  paralytic 
aifcction,  from  which  he  never  recovered.  His 
U 


flfBt  wife,  I'rnnccN  Sherman  of  Xew  Hnven,  whom 
he  nuirried  about  1711,  died  in  I'N.l,  the  mother 
iif  seven  children.  Of  th<  se  Jonnthnn  llellan.y, 
a  lawyer,  lni.k  an  active  jiart  in  the  war,  nnd  died 
of  the  sniiill  |Mix  in  1777;  nnd  Ketieeea  married 
Hi'\.  Mr.  Hart.  Hisildest  son,  Mnvid,  died  at 
Hetlili'm  May,  tSLMl,  aged  7.'i.  His  second  wife 
was  tlie  relict  of  Itev.  Andrew  Storrs  of  Water- 
town. 

])r.  IJellamy  "  was  n  hirge  and  well-built  mnn, 
of  a  ctimniiiiidiiiL:  aji] ciirance."  .\s  n  preacher, 
he  had  perhaps  no  sujicrinr,  and  very  few  ecpud.s". 
His  voice  wii.s  manly,  his  manner  engaging  nnd 
moi.t  impres^i^e.  He  had  n  peculiar  faculty  of 
arresting  the  attentii..  .  ■  wo<  master  of  his 
subject  and  coidd  a(' 111?  Lit! -^rir  to  the  meanest 
lajiaeily.  When  ♦!!■  '■.'(  •v.i-i  ;.ls  theme,  he  was 
awlul  and  terril ;  ;ijf!  c,ii  '.hi.  contrary,  in  the 
most  melting  strains  woulil  he  descrihe  the  suffer- 
ings of  Christ  nnd  his  love  to  sinners,  and  with 
most  jiersnasive  elixiueuce  invite  them  to  be  rec- 
onciled til  (iod. 

He  was  n  man  of  wit  nnd  humor.  He  nnd 
Mr.  Santbrd  married  sisters.  H.  said  to  S.  in 
reli  renee  to  their  diilerent  manner  of  ])reaching, 
—  "  When  1  go  a  fishing,  I  have  a  suitalile  pole, 
and  black  hue,  and,  ereejiing  nlong,  keeping  my- 
self out  of  sight,  throw  my  hook  gently  into  tli<' 
wnter ;  but  j on,  with  a  white-j)eeled  jiole,  ond 
white  line,  mnrch  up  boldly  to  the  bank,  nnd 
s]ilash  in  your  hook  nnd  Une,  crying  out,  '  Bite, 
you  dogs  I '  " 

In  his  declining  years  he  did  not  retain  his  jiop- 
ularity  as  a  preacher.  As  a  jjastor  he  was  dili- 
gent and  faithful.  He  taught  not  only  publicly 
Init  from  house  to  house.  1  Ic  was  jiarticulnrly 
attentive  to  the  rising  gener:ition.  Besides  the 
stated  labors  of  the  Lord's  day,  he  frequently 
spent  an  hour  in  the  intervals  of  public  worship 
in  catechising  the  children  of  the  congregation. 
In  a  variety  of  respects  Dr.  Bellamy  shone  with 
distinguished  lustre.  I''xtent;ive  science  and  case 
of  commiaiicating  his  ideas  rendered  him  one  of 
the  best  of  instructors.  His  writings  jirocurcd 
him  the  esteem  of  the  pious  nnd  learned  ;it  home 
and  abroad,  with  many  of  whom  he  maintained  an 
epistolary  corrcsjjondencc.  In  his  ])rcaching,  a 
mind  rich  in  thought,  n  great  C(m:mand  of  lan- 
guage, nnd  a  powerful  voice  reiulerid  his  extem- 
porary discourses  jieculiarly  acceptable.  He  was 
one  of  the  most  able  divines  of  this  country.  In 
his  sentiments  he  accorded  mainly  with  President 
Edwards,  with  whom  he  was  intimately  acquainted. 
From  comparing  the  first  ehajiter  of  John  with 
the  first  of  Genesis  he  was  led  to  believe,  and  he 
maintained,  that  the  God,  mentioned  in  the  latter 
as  the  Creator,  was  Jesus  Christ. 

He  published  a  sermon  entitled,  early  piety 
recommended;  true  religion  delineated,  1750; 
sermons  on  the  Divinity  of  Christ,  the  millennium, 


i 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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gKi    122 


US 

lit 


14.0 


IL25  i  1.4 


1^ 


1.6 


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Photograiiiic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WIST  MAIN  STRUT 

WIBSTER.N.Y.  14580 

(716)  S72-4S03 


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d 


.  -c^ 


82 


BELIjyMY. 


BENEDICT. 


'  and  tho  visdom  of  God  in  the  permission  of  sin, 
1708;  letters  and  dialogues  on  the  nature  of  love 
to  Ood,  faith  in  Christ,  and  assurance,  17.59 ;  essay 
on  the  glory  of  the  gospel  j  a  \indication  of  his 
sermon  on  the  wisdom  of  God  in  the  permission 
of  sin ;  the  law  a  schoolmaster ;  the  great  evil  of 
Bin  i  election  sermon,  17G2.  Besides  these,  he 
published  several  small  pieces  on  creeds  and  con- 
fcBsions ;  on  the  covenant  of  grace ;  on  church 
covenanting;  and  in  answer  to  olyections  made 
against  his  writings.  The  following  arc  the  titles 
of  some  of  these :  the  half-way  covenant,  1768 ; 
the  inconsistency  of  renouncing  the  half-way 
covenant  and  retaining  the  half-way  practice ;  that 
there  is  but  one  covenant,  against  Moses  blather. 
His  works,  in  2  vols.,  with  memoir  by  Dr.  T. 
Edwards,  were  published  by  Doct.  Tract.  Soc., 
Boston,  ISoO.  —  lh-ai nerd's  Life,  ?.%  41,  43,  55; 
Trumbull,  II.  159;  Theol.  Maij.,  i.  3, 

BELLAMY,  Samcfx,  a  noted  pirate,  m  liis 
ship,  the  AVhidah,  of  twenty-three  guns  and  one 
hundred  and  thirty  men,  captured  several  vesself 
on  the  coast  of  New  England;  but  in  April,  1717, 
he  was  wrecked  on  Cape  Cod.  The  inhabitants 
of  Wellfleet  still  jjohit  out  the  place  of  the 
disaster.  More  than  one  hundred  bodies  were 
found  on  the  shore.  Only  one  Englishman  and 
one  Lidian  escaped.  A  few  days  before,  the 
master  of  a  captured  vessel,  wliilc  seven  pirates  on 
board  were  drunk,  ran  her  on  shore  on  the  back 
of  the  cape.  Six  of  the  pirates  were  executed  at 
Boston  in  November. 

BELLINGILAM,  IlicnARD,  governor  of  Massa- 
chusetts, was  a  native  of  England,  where  he  was 
bred  a  lawyer,  lie  came  to  this  country  in  1634, 
and  August  3d  was  received  into  the  church,  with 
his  wife  Elizabeth,  and  in  the  following  year  was 
chosen  deputy  governor.  In  1641  ho  was  elected 
governor,  in  opposition  to  Mr.  Winthrop,  by  a 
majority  of  six  votes ;  but  the  election  did  not 
seem  to  be  agreeable  to  the  general  court.  lie 
was  ro-chosen  to  this  office  in  10>j4,  and  after  the 
death  of  Gov.  Endicot  was  again  elected  in  May, 
1665.  lie  continued  chief  magistrate  of  Massa- 
chusetts during  the  remainder  of  his  Ufe.  lie 
was  deputy  governor  thirteen  years,  and  governor 
ten.  In  1064  he  was  chosen  major-general.  Li 
this  year  the  king  scut  four  commissioners,  Nich- 
ols, CnrtwTight,  Carr,  and  Maverick,  to  regulate 
the  affairs  of  the  colonies.  A  long  account  of 
their  transactions  is  given  by  Hutchinson.  Bell- 
ingham  and  others,  obnoxious  to  the  king,  were 
required  to  go  to  England  to  answer  for  them- 
selves ;  but  the  general  court,  by  the  advice  of 
the  ministers,  refused  compliance  and  maintained 
the  charter  rights.  But  they  appeased  his  majesty 
by  sending  liim  "a  ship  load  of  masts."  He 
died  Dec.  7,  1672,  aged  80  years,  leaving  several 
children.     Of  bis  iiiiigulur  second  marriage  in 


1641  the  following  is  a  brief  history:  A  young 
gentlewoman  was  about  to  be  contracted  to  a 
friend  of  liis,  with  his  consent,  "when  on  the 
sudden  the  governor  treated  with  her  and 
obtauied  her  for  himself."  He  failed  to  publish 
the  contract  where  he  dwelt,  and  he  performed 
the  marriage  ceremony  himself.  The  great  in- 
quest presented  him  for  breach  of  the  order  of 
court;  but  at  the  appointed  time  of  trial,  not 
choosing  to  go  off  from  the  bench  and  answer  as 
an  offender,  and  but  few  magistrates  being  i}resent, 
he  escaped  any  censure. 

liis  excuse  for  this  marriage  was  "  the  strength 
of  his  affection."  In  his  lost  will  he  gave  certain 
farms,  after  his  wife's  decease,  and  his  whole 
estate  at  Winisimet,  after  the  decease  of  his  son 
and  his  son's  daughter,  for  the  annual  encourage- 
ment of  "godly  ministers  and  preachers,"  at- 
tached to  the  principles  of  the  fost  church,  "  a 
main  one  whereof  is,  that  all  ecclesiastical  juris- 
diction is  committed  by  Christ  to  each  ])articular 
organical  church,  from  which  there  is  no  appeal." 
The  general  court,  tliinking  the  rights  of  his 
family  were  impaired,  set  aside  the  will.  His 
sister,  Aime  Ilibbins,  widow  of  William  llibbins, 
an  assistant,  was  executed  as  a  witch  in  June, 
1656.  Hubbai-d  speaks  of  Bellingham  as  "  a  very 
ancient  gentleman,  having  spun  a  long  thread  of 
above  eighty  years;"  "he  was  a  great  justiciary,  a 
notable  hater  of  bribes,  firm  and  fixed  in  any 
rt3olution  he  entertained,  of  larger  comprehension 
than  expression,  like  a  vessel,  whose  vent  holdeth 
no  {;jod  proportion  with  its  capacity  to  contain,  a 
disadvantage  to  a  public  person."  He  did  not 
harmonize  with  the  other  assistants;  yet  they 
respected  his  character  and  motives. 

Gov.  Bellingham  lived  to  be  the  only  surviving 
patentee  named  in  the  charier.  He  was  severe 
against  those  who  Avere  called  sectaries ;  but  he 
was  a  man  of  incorruptible  integrity,  and  of  ac- 
knowledged piety.  In  the  ecclesiastical  contro- 
versy, which  was  occasioned  in  Boston  by  the 
settlement  of  Mr.  Davenport,  he  was  an  advocate 
of  the  first  church. — Hutchinson,  I.  41,  43,97, 
211,  269 ;  NccTs  Hist,  I.  390 ;  Mather's  Mag.,  II. 
18;  Holmes,  I.  414;  ISavaye's  IViulhrop,  n.  43. 

BENEDICT,  NoAii,  minister  of  Woodbury, 
Conn.,  was  graduated  at  Princeton  college  in 
1757,  and  was  ordained  as  the  successor  of 
Anthony  Stoddard,  Oct.  22,  17C0.  He  died  in 
Sept.,  1813,  aged  75.  He  published  a  sermon  on 
the  death  of  Dr.  Bellamy,  1790,  and  memoirs  of 
B.,  1811. 

BENEDICT,  Joel,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Plain- 
field,  Conn.,  was  graduated  at  Princeton  college 
in  1765,  settled  at  F/oinfield  in  1782,  and  died  in 
1816,  aged  71.  He  was  a  distinguished  Hebrew 
scholar;  and  for  his  excellent  character  he  was 
held  in  high  respect.     One  of  his  daughters 


BENEZET. 


BENEZET. 


83 


married  Dr.  Nott,  president  of  Union  college. 
He  published  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  Dr.  Ilart, 
1809. 

BEXEZET,  AxTiiONT,  a  philanthropist  of 
Philadelphia,  died  May  3,  1784,  aged  71.  He 
vran  bom  at  St.  Quintins,  a  town  in  the  province 
of  Picardy,  France,  Jan.  31,  1713.  About  the 
time  of  his  birth  the  persecution  against  the 
Protestants  was  carried  on  with  relentless  se- 
verity, in  consequence  of  which  many  thousands 
found  it  necessary  to  leave  their  native  country, 
and  seek  a  shelter  in  a  foreign  land.  Among 
these  were  Ms  parents,  who  removed  to  London 
in  Feb.,  17 15,  and,  after  remaining  there  upwards  of 
sixteen  years,  came  to  Pliiladelphia  in  Nov.,  1731. 
During  their  residence  in  Great  Britain  they  had 
imbibed  the  religious  opinions  of  the  Quakers, 
and  were  received  into  that  body  immediately 
after  their  arrival  in  this  country. 

In  the  early  part  of  his  life  Benezet  was  put  an 
apprentice  to  a  merchant ;  but  soon  after  his  mar- 
riage in  1722,  when  his  afl'airs  were  in  a  prosperous 
situation,  he  left  the  mercantile  business,  that  he 
might  engage  in  some  pursuit,  which  would  afford 
him  more  leisure  for  the  duties  of  religion  and  for 
the  exercise  of  that  benevolent  spirit,  for  which 
during  the  course  of  a  long  life  he  was  so  non- 
BpicuouB.  But  no  employment,  which  accorded 
perfectly  with  his  inclination,  presented  itself  till 
the  year  1742,  when  he  accepted  the  appointment 
of  instructor  in  the  Friends'  English  school  of 
Philadelphia.  The  duties  of  the  honorable,  though 
not  very  lucrative,  office  of  a  teacher  of  youth  he 
from  this  period  continued  to  Mfil  with  unremit- 
ting assiduity  and  delight  and  with  very  little 
intermission  till  his  death.  During  the  two  last 
years  of  his  life  his  zeal  to  do  good  induced  him 
to  resign  the  school,  which  he  had  long  super- 
intended, and  to  engage  in  the  instruction  of  the 
blacks.  In  doing  this  he  did  not  consult  his 
worldly  interest,  but  was  influenced  by  a  regard 
to  the  welfare  of  men,  whose  minds  had  been 
debased  by  servitude.  He  wished  to  contribute 
somctliing  towards  rendering  them  fit  for  the 
enjoyment  of  that  freedom,  to  which  ni.my  of 
them  had  been  restored.  So  great  ^?a8  his 
sympathy  with  every  being  capable  of  feeling 
pain,  that  he  resolved  towards  the  close  of  liis  life 
to  eat  no  animal  food.  His  active  mind  did  not 
yield  to  the  debility  of  his  body.  He  persevered 
in  his  attendance  upon  his  school  till  within  a  few 
days  of  his  decease. 

Such  was  the  general  esteem  in  which  lie  was 
held,  that  hi3  iuncral  was  attended  by  i}ersons  of 
all  reUgious  denominations.  Many  hundred  ne- 
groes followed  their  friend  and  benefactor  to  the 
grave,  and  by  their  tears  they  proved  that  they 
possessed  the  sensibilities  of  men.  An  officer, 
■who  had  served  in  the  army  during  the  war  with 
Britain,  obser%'cd  at  this  time,  "  I  would  rather 


be  Anthony  Benezet  in  that  coifin,  than  Ocorgo 
Washington  with  all  his  fame."  He  exhibited 
uncommon  activity  and  industry  in  evci7  thing 
which  he  undertook.  He  used  to  Kay,  that  the 
highest  act  of  charity  was  to  bear  with  the  un- 
reasonableness of  mankind.  He  generally  wore 
plush  clothes,  and  gave  as  a  reason  for  it,  that, 
after  he  had  worn  them  for  two  or  three  years, 
they  made  comfortable  and  decent  garments  for 
the  poor.  So  disposed  was  he  to  make  himself 
contented  in  every  situation,  that  when  his  mem- 
ory began  to  fail  him,  instead  of  lamenting  the 
decay  of  his  powers,  he  said  to  a  young  friend, 
"This  gives  me  one  great  advantage  over  you,  for 
you  can  find  entertainment  in  reading  a  good 
book  only  once ;  but  I  enjoy  that  pleasure  as  often 
as  I  read  it,  for  it  is  always  new  to  me."  Few 
men,  smce  the  days  of  the  apostles,  ever  lived  a 
more  disinterested  life ;  yet  upon  his  death-bed 
he  expressed  a  desire  to  live  a  Uttlc  longer,  "  that 
he  might  bring  down  self."  The  last  time  he  ever 
walked  across  his  room  was  to  take  from  his  desk 
six  dollars,  which  he  gave  to  a  poor  widow,  whom 
he  had  long  assisted  to  maintain.  In  his  conver- 
sation he  was  affable  and  unresei'ved;  in  his 
manners  gentle  and  conciliating.  For  the  acqui- 
sition of  wealth  he  wanted  neither  abilities  nor 
opportunity;  but  he  made  himself  contented  with 
a  little ;  and  with  a  competency  he  was  liberal  be- 
yond most  of  those,  whom  a  bountiful  Providence 
had  encumbered  with  riches.  By  his  will  he  de- 
vised his  estate,  after  the  decease  of  his  wife,  to 
certain  trustees  for  the  use  of  the  African  schooL 
While  the  British  army  was  in  possession  of  Phila- 
delphia, he  was  indefatigable  in  his  endeavors  to 
render  the  situation  of  the  persons  who  suffered 
from  captivity,  as  easy  as  possible.  He  knew  no 
fear  in  the  presence  of  a  fellow  man,  however 
dignified  by  titles  or  station ;  and  such  was  the 
propriety  and  gentleness  of  liis  manners  in  Ids 
intercourse  ^rith  the  gentlemen,  who  commanded 
the  British  and  German  troops,  that,  when  he 
could  not  obtain  the  object  of  his  requests,  he 
never  failed  to  secure  their  civilities  and  esteem. 
Although  the  life  of  Mr.  Benezet  was  passed  in 
the  instruction  of  youth,  yet  his  expansive  benevo- 
lence extended  itself  to  a  wider  sphere  of  useful- 
ness. Giving  but  a  small  portion  of  liis  time  to 
sleep,  he  employed  his  pen  both  day  and  night  in 
writing  books  on  religious  subjects,  composed 
chiefly  with  a  riew  to  incidcate  the  peaceable 
temper  and  doctrines  of  the  gospel,  in  opposition 
to  the  spirit  of  war,  and  to  expose  the  flagrant 
injustice  of  slavery,  and  fix  the  stamp  of  infamy 
on  the  traffic  in  human  blood.  His  M'litings  con- 
tributed much  towards  meliorating  the  condition 
of  slaves,  and  undoubtedly  had  influence  on  the 
public  mind  in  effecting  the  complete  prohibition 
of  that  trade,  wliich  until  the  year  1808  was  a 
blot  on  the  American  national  character.    In  order 


84 


BENJAMIN. 


BEBKELEY. 


to  diueminatc  hio  publicationH  and  incrcoHe  hiii 
uscfulncRH,  he  held  a  correNiiondence  with  such 
pcrsonB  in  various  jiarts  of  Kuropc  and  America, 
an  united  with  him  in  the  Hame  benevolent  dcHign, 
or  would  he  likely  to  jiromotc  the  objects,  wliich 
he  was  ]nirNuuig.  No  ambitious  or  covetous  views 
im])ellcd  him  to  his  exertions.  Itegarding  all 
mankind  as  children  of  one  common  Father  and 
members  of  one  great  family,  he  was  anxious,  that 
oppression  and  tyraimy  should  cease,  and  that 
men  should  live  together  in  mutual  kindness  and 
affection.  He  himself  respected  and  he  wished 
others  to  re8])cct  the  sacred  injunction  of  doing 
unto  others  as  they  would  that  others  should  do 
tmto  them.  On  the  return  of  peace  in  1783,  ap- 
prchending  that  the  revival  of  commerce  would  be 
likely  to  renew  the  African  slave  trade,  wliich 
during  the  war  had  been  in  some  measure  ob- 
structed, he  addressed  a  letter  to  the  queen  of 
Great  liritoin,  to  solicit  her  influence  ou  the  side 
of  humanity.  At  the  close  of  this  letter  he  says, 
"  I  hope  thou  wilt  Idndly  excuse  the  freedom  used 
on  tliis  occasion  by  au  ancient  man,  whose  mind 
for  more  than  forty  years  past  has  been  much 
separated  from  the  common  course  of  the  world, 
long  painfully  exercised  in  the  consideration  of 
the  miseries  under  which  so  large  a  part  of  man- 
kind, equally  with  us  tho  objects  of  redeeming 
love,  ore  suffering  the  most  unjust  and  grievous 
oppression,  and  who  sincerely  desires  the  tem- 
poral and  eternal  felicity  of  the  queen  and  her 
royal  consort."  He  published,  among  other  tracts, 
an  account  of  that  part  of  Africa  inhabited  by 
negroes,  1762;  a  caution  to  Great  Britain  and 
her  colonies,  in  a  short  representation  of  the  ca- 
lamitous state  of  the  enslaved  negroes  in  the 
British  dominions,  1787 ;  some  historical  account 
of  Guinea,  with  an  inquiry  into  the  slave  trade, 
1771 ;  a  short  account  of  the  society  of  Friends, 
1780;  a  dissertation  on  the  Christian  religion, 
1782 ;  tracts  against  tho  use  of  ardent  spirits ; 
observations  on  the  Indian  natives,  1784. — liush's 
Essays,  311-314;  Vaux's  Memoir;  New  and 
Qen.  Bioij.  Diet. ;  Am.  Museum,  ix.  192-194. 

BENJAxvIIN,  Nathan,  missionary,  di  .d  at  Con- 
stantinople Jan.  27,  1855,  aged  43  ;  one  month 
after  the  death  of  Mrs.  Grant.  Bom  in  Catskill, 
he  lived  in  Williamstown,  where  he  graduated  in 
1831,  and  at  Andover  in  1834.  He  married  Mary 
G.  Wheeler  of  New  York,  and  proceeded  to 
Argos  in  1836,  and  to  Athens  in  1838,  where  he 
labored  six  years,  chiefly  in  connection  with  the 
press.  In  1844  he  entered  upon  the  Armenian 
mission  at  Trebizond ;  but  the  ill  health  of  his 
wife  brought  him  to  America  in  1845. 

Being  summoned  to  a  new  mission,  he  arrived 
at  Smyrna  Dec.  7,  1847 ;  and  there  he  toiled  in 
the  printing  of  the  Bible  and  tracts  in  the  Arme- 
nian.   The  printing  operations  were  transferred 


to  Constantinople  in  1852;  and  there  he  also 
preached  statedly  in  Greek  and  English.  Living 
at  I'cra,  and  being  the  treasurer  of  the  mission, 
a  great  amoimt  of  business  fell  upon  him.  Ho 
died  of  the  typhus  fever ;  his  last  words  were, 
"Come,  Lord  Jesus;  come  quickly." — Mr.  B. 
had  a  large  share  of  common  sense,  a  sound 
judgment,  a  knowledge  of  books  and  of  men. 
By  printed  truth  he  will  preach  for  ages  to  thou- 
sands of  Armenians. 

BENXET,  David,  a  physician,  was  born  in 
England  Dec.  1, 1615,  luid  died  at  Bowlcy,  Mass., 
Feb.  4,  1719,  aged  103  years.  He  never  lost  a 
tooth.  His  senses  were  good  to  the  last.  His 
wife  was  the  sister  of  William  I'hipps.  His  son, 
Spencer,  who  took  the  name  of  Phipps,  was 
graduated  in  1703,  was  lieut.  governor  of  Mass., 
niid  died  April  4,  1757,  aged  72. — Farmer. 

BENNE'lT,  Baktlett,  a  Baptist  minister,  died 
at  Cincinnati  Oct.  12,  1842,  aged  99.  He  was 
bom  in  Albemarle  county,  Va.,  in  1743;  was  a 
preacher  at  the  age  of  25,  a  pioneer  of  Kentucky. 

BENSON,  Egbert,  LL.  D.,  judge,  died  at 
Jamaica,  N.  Y.,  in  Aug.,  1833,  aged  86 ;  a  man 
of  learning  and  eminent  virtues.  He  was  a  grad- 
uate of  Columbia  college  in  1765,  a  member  of 
congress,  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  New 
York,  and  of  the  circuit  court  of  the  United  States. 
He  wrote  remarks  on  "The  Wife"  of  Irving. 

BENTLEY,  Willum,  D.  D.,  bom  in  Bos- 
ton, graduated  at  Harvard  in  1777,  and  was 
ordained  over  the  second  church  of  Salem  Sept., 
1783.  He  died  suddenly  Dec.  29,  1819,  aged 
61.  In  his  theological  notions  he  was  regarded 
as  a  Sociuian.  Some  of  his  sermons  were  re- 
markably deficient  in  perspicuity  of  style.  For 
nearly  twenty  years  he  edited  the  Essex  Register, 
a  newspaper,  wliich  espoused  the  democratic  side 
in  Vs.    He  was  a  great  collector  of  books, 

a::  h  conversant  with  ancient  branches  of 

Ici.  :  J,  admitting  of  little  practical  application. 
His  valuable  library  and  cabinet  he  bequeathed 
chiefly  to  the  college  at  Meadville,  Pennsj  Ivania, 
and  to  the  American  Antiquarian  society  at  Wor- 
cester. An  eulogy  was  pronounced  by  Prof.  E. 
Everett. — He  published  a  sermon  on  Matt  7 : 
21,  1790;  on  the  death  of  J.  Gardiner,  1791 ;  of 
Gen.  Fiske,  1797 ;  of  B.  Hodges,  1804 ;  coUec- 
tion  of  psalms  and  hymns,  1795 ;  three  masonic 
addresses  and  a  masonic  charge,  1797-1799 ;  at 
the  artillery  election,  1796 ;  at  ordination  of  J. 
Richardson,  1806;  before  the  female  charitable 
society ;  at  the  election,  1807 ;  a  history  of  Salem 
in  Historical  Collections,  vol.  vil. 

BENTLEY,  WauAM,  an  eminent  Baptist 
minister,  died  at  Weathersfield  in  Jan.,  1856,  aged 
8L 

BERKELEY,  Cakter,  M.  D.,  died  in  Hano- 
ver, Va.,  Nov.  3,  1739,  aged  71, — while  feeling 


f  . 


BERKELEY. 


BERKELEY. 


85 


the  pulse  of  a  dying  patient.  lie  wtw  a  (Icsrend- 
ant  of  Sir  William  U. ;  a  distiiif^uished  phynieian, 
a  benevolent  man  and  a  Chrixtian. 

BEUKELEY,  William,  governor  of  Virginia, 
was  bom  of  an  ancient  family  near  London  and 
was  educated  at  Merton  college,  in  Oxford,  of 
which  he  was  afterwards  a  fellow.  He  was  ad- 
mitted master  of  arts  in  l(i2!).  In  1(530  he 
travelled  in  different  parts  of  I'urope.  He  is 
described  as  being  in  early  life  the  pertcct  model 
of  an  elegant  courtier  and  a  high-minded  cavalier. 
He  succeeded  Sir  Francis  Wyatt  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Virginia  in  1641.  Some  years  alter  his 
arrival  the  Indians,  irritated  by  encroachments 
on  their  territory,  massacred  about  five  hundred 
of  the  colonists.  This  massacre  occurred  about 
April  18,  1644,  soon  after,  as  Winthrop  says,  an 
act  of  persecution.  Sir  AVilliam  with  a  comjjany 
of  horse  surprised  the  aged  Oppccancanough,  and 
brought  him  j)risoner  to  Jamestown.  The  Indian 
emperor  was  a  man  of  dignified  sentiments.  One 
day,  when  there  was  a  large  crowd  in  his  room 
gazing  at  him,  he  called  for  the  governor,  and 
said  to  him,  "  If  it  had  been  my  fortune  to  have 
taken  Sir  William  Berkeley  prisoner,  I  should 
have  disdained  to  have  made  a  show  of  him  to 
my  people."  About  a  fortnight  after  he  was  taken, 
a  brutal  soldier  shot  him  through  the  back,  of 
which  wound  the  old  man  soon  died.  A  firm 
peace  was  soon  afterwards  made  with  the  Indians. 

During  the  civil  war  in  England  Gov.  Berkeley 
took  the  side  of  the  king,  and  Virginia  was  the 
last  of  the  posses.sions  of  England,  which  ac- 
knowledged the  authority  of  Cromwell.  Severe 
laws  were  made  against  the  Puritans,  though  there 
were  none  in  the  colony;  commerce  was  inter- 
rupted; and  the  people  were  unable  to  supply 
themselves  even  with  tools  for  agriculture.  It 
was  not  till  16ul,  that  Virginia  was  subdued. 
The  parliament  had  sent  a  fleet  to  reduce  Barba- 
does,  and  from  this  place  a  small  squadron  was 
detached  imder  the  command  of  Capt.  Dennis. 
The  Virginians,  by  the  help  of  some  Dutch  vessels 
which  were  then  in  the  port,  made  such  resistance, 
that  he  was  obliged  to  have  recourse  to  other 
means  besides  force.  He  sent  word  to  two  of  the 
members  of  the  council,  that  he  had  on  board  a 
valuable  cargo  belonging  to  them,  which  they  must 
lose,  if  the  protector's  authority  was  not  imme- 
diately acknowledged.  Such  dissensions  now 
took  place  in  the  colony,  that  Sir  William  and  his 
friends  were  obliged  to  submit  on  the  terms  of  a 
general  pardon.  He  however  remained  in  the 
country,  passing  his  time  in  retirement  at  his  own 
plantation,  and  observing  with  satisfaction,  that  the 
parliament  made  a  moderate  use  of  its  success, 
and  that  none  of  the  Virginia  royalists  were  per- 
secuted for  their  resistance. 

After  the  death  of  Gov.  Matthews,  who  was 
appointed  by  Cromwell,  the  people  applied  to  Sir 


William  to  resume  the  goveriinient ;  but  he  do- 
clhu'd  com])lying  with  tluir  request,  iinloNS  they 
would  sul)niit  themselves  again  to  the  authority 
of  the  king.  I'jmn  their  consenting  to  do  tiiis, 
he  resumed  his  former  authority  in  Jaiuiary,  l(i,i!)} 
and  King  Charles  II.  was  proehiimcd  in  Virginia 
before  his  restoration  to  the  throne  of  I'.nglund. 
The  death  of  Cromwell,  in  the  mean  time, 
dissi])ated  from  the  minds  of  the  colonists  the  fear 
of  the  consequences  of  their  boldness.  After  the 
restoration  Gov.  Berkeley  received  a  new  com- 
mission and  was  permitted  to  go  to  England  to 
pay  his  resjjects  to  his  majesty.  During  his 
absence  the  de])uty  governor,  whom  he  had  aj>- 
j)ointcd,  in  obedience  to  his  orders  collected  the 
laws  into  one  body.  The  church  of  England  was 
made  the  established  religion,  i)arishes  were  regu- 
lated, and,  besides  a  parsonage  house  and  glebe,  a 
yearly  stijjend  in  tobacco,  to  the  value  of  eighty 
pounds,  was  settled  on  the  minister.  In  1662 
Gov.  Berkeley  returned  to  Virginia,  and  in  the 
following  year  the  laws  were  enforced  against  the 
dissenters  from  the  establishment,  by  which  a 
number  of  them  were  driven  from  the  colony. 
In  1607,  in  consequence  of  his  attempt  to  extend 
the  influence  of  the  council  over  certain  measures 
of  the  assembly,  he  awakened  the  fears  and  in- 
dignation of  the  latter  body.  I'rom  this  period 
the  governor's  pojjidarity  declined.  A  change 
also  was  observed  in  his  deportment,  which  lost 
its  accustomed  urbanity,  llis  faithlessness  and 
obsthiaey  may  be  regarded  as  the  causes  of 
Bacon's  rebellion  in  1070.  The  peo])le  eamcstly 
desired,  that  Bacon  might  be  ajjpointed  general  in 
the  Indian  war;  and  the  governor  j)romised  to 
give  him  a  commission,  but  broke  his  jjromise, 
and  thus  occasioned  the  rebellion.  As  his  obsti- 
nacy caused  the  rebellion,  so  his  revengeful  spirit, 
after  it  was  suppressed,  aggravated  tlie  evils  of  it 
by  the  severity  of  the  punishments  inflicted  on 
Bacon's  adherents.  Though  he  had  promised 
pardon  and  indemnity,  "nothing  was  heard  of 
but  fines,  executions,  and  confiscations."  When 
the  juries  refused  to  aid  his  jirojects  of  vengeance, 
he  resorted  to  the  summary  proceedings  of 
martial  law.  The  assembly  at  length  restrained 
him  by  their  remonstrances.  Charles  II.  is  said 
to  have  remarked  concerning  him,  "The  old  fool 
has  taken  away  more  lives  in  that  naked  country, 
than  I  have  taken  for  the  murder  of  my  father." 
After  the  rebellion,  peace  was  jircserved  not  so 
much  by  the  removal  of  the  grievances,  which 
awakened  discontent,  as  by  the  arrival  of  a  regi- 
ment from  England,  which  remained  a  long  time 
in  the  coimtry. 

In  1077  Sir  William  was  induced,  on  account 
of  his  ill  state  of  heahh,  to  return  to  England, 
leaving  Col.  Jeffreys  deputy  governor.  He  died 
soon  after  his  arrival,  and  before  he  had  seen  the 
king,  after   an    adniinifitration  of  nearly  forty 


86 


BERKELEY. 


BERKELEY. 


yean.  lie  woh  buried  at  Twickonham  July  13, 
1677.  The  foll()winf{  extract  from  Iuh  aiiHwer  in 
June,  1C71,  to  in(|uiries  of  the  committee  for  tlie 
colonieR,  is  a  curious  specimen  of  his  loyalty  : 
"  Wc  '.lave  forty-eifjht  parishes  and  our  ministers 
arc  well  paid,  an<l  hy  my  consent  should  he 
better,  if  tlicy  would  jiray  ol'tener  und  preach  less ; 
but,  as  of  all  other  commodities,  so  of  this,  the 
worst  arc  sent  us,  and  we  have  few,  that  wc  can 
boast  of,  since  the  jjcrsccution  in  Cromwell's 
tyranny  drove  divers  worthy  men  hither.  Yet  I 
thank  God,  there  are  no  free  schools,  nor  i)rintinR; 
and  I  ho]ie  wc  shall  not  have  these  hundred 
years.  For  learninf?  has  hroupht  disobedience, 
and  heresy,  and  sects  into  the  world,  and  printing 
has  divulfred  them  and  libels  against  the  best 
government."  Thus  Sir  William,  of  a  very  differ- 
ent spirit  from  the  early  governors  of  New  Eng- 
land, seems  to  have  had  much  the  same  notion  of 
educati'>n  as  the  African  governor,  mentioned  by 
Robert  Southey  in  his  colloquies.  The  black 
prince  said,  he  would  send  his  son  to  England, 
that  he  might  learn  "  to  read  book  and  be  rogue.'' 
More  recently  Mr.  Giles  of  Virginia  ekjjressed 
his  belief,  that  learning  was  become  too  general. 

lie  published  the  lost  lady,  a  tragi-comcdy, 
1039;  a  discourse  and  view  of  Virginia,  pp.  lli. 
lGG3.  —  K('ilh'.iHixt.  Virijinia,  l-14-lG2i  Wynne, 
II.  210-224;  IlulmeK,  I.  293,  311;  Vhulmers,  i. 
330,  337 ;  Wood's  Atlienw  Uxonienses,  II.  586  > 
Sav.  Winthrop,  II.  lo9,  105. 

BEltKELEY,  Gkouuk,  bishop  of  Cloj-ne  in 
Ireland,  and  a  distinguished  benefactor  of  Yale 
College,  was  bom  March  12,  1684,  at  Kilcrin  in 
the  county  of  Kilkenny,  and  was  educated  at 
Trinity  college,  Dublin.  After  ])ublishing  a  num- 
ber of  his  works,  which  gained  him  a  high  reputa- 
tion, particularly  liis  theory  of  vision,  he  travelled 
four  or  five  years  upon  the  continent.  He  re- 
turned in  1721,  and  a  fortune  was  soon  bequeathed 
him  by  Mrs.  Vanhomrigh,  a  lady  of  Dublin,  the 
"Vanessa"  of  Swift.  In  1724  he  was  promoted 
to  the  deanery  of  Derry,  worth  1 100  pounds  per 
annum.  Having  for  some  time  conceived  the 
benevolent  project  of  converting  the  savages  of 
America  to  Christianity  by  means  of  a  college  to 
be  erected  in  one  of  the  isles  of  Bermuda,  he 
published  a  proposal  for  this  purpose  at  London 
in  1725,  and  ottered  to  resign  his  own  opulent 
preferment,  and  to  dedicate  the  remainder  of  his 
life  to  the  instruction  of  youth  in  America  on  the 
subsistence  of  100  pounds  a  year.  He  obtained 
a  grant  of  10,000  jwunds  from  the  governmunt 
of  Great  Britain,  and  immediately  set  sail  for  the 
field  of  his  labors.  He  arrived  at  Newport,  R.  I., 
in  Feb.,  1729,  with  a  view  of  settling  a  correspon- 
dence there  for  supplying  liis  college  with  such 
provisions  as  might  be  wanted  from  the  northern 
colonies.  Here  he  purchased  a  country  seat  and 
farm    in    the   neighborhood   of  Newport,  and 


resided  about  two  yearn  and  a  half.  His  house, 
which  he  called  AVhitehall,  still  remains,  situated 
half  a  mile  north-ea«t  from  the  state  house.  To 
the  l'".])isco])al  church  he  gave  un  organ  and  a 
small  liiirary.  His  usual  place  of  study  was  a 
cliff  or  crag  near  his  dwelling.  His  residence  in 
this  country  had  some  influence  on  the  jirogrcss 
of  literature,  particularly  in  Rhode  Island  and 
Connecticut.  The  presence  and  conversation  of  a 
man  so  illustrious  for  talents,  learning,  virtue, 
and  social  attractions  could  not  fail  of  giving  a 
sjjring  to  the  literary  diligence  and  ambition  of 
many,  who  enjoyed  his  acquaintance.  Finding, 
at  length,  that  the  ])romised  aid  of  the  ministry 
towards  his  new  college  would  fail  him.  Dean 
Berkeley  returned  to  England.  At  his  departure 
he  distributed  the  books,  which  he  had  brought 
with  him,  among  the  .lergy  of  Rhode  Island. 
He  embarked  at  Boston  in  Sept.,  1731.  In  the 
following  year  he  published  his  minute  philosopher, 
a  work  of  great  ingenuity  and  merit,  vbieh  ho 
wrote  wliile  at  Newjjort.  It  was  not  long  before 
he  sent,  as  a  gif'  to  Yale  college,  a  deed  of  the 
farm,  which  he  held  in  Rhode  Island ;  the  rents 
of  which  he  directed  to  be  approjjriated  to  the 
maintenance  of  the  three  best  classical  scholars, 
who  should  reside  at  college  at  least  nine  months 
in  a  year  in  each  of  three  years  between  their 
first  and  second  degrees.  All  surplusages  of 
money,  arising  from  accidental  vacancies,  were  to 
be  distributed  in  Greek  and  Latin  books  to  such 
undergraduates,  as  should  make  the  best  compo- 
sition in  the  Latin  tongue  upon  such  a  moral 
theme  as  should  be  given  them.  He  also  made 
a  present  to  the  library  of  Yale  college  of  nearly 
one  thousand  volumes.  When  it  is  considered, 
that  he  was  warmly  attached  to  the  Episcopal 
church,  and  that  he  came  to  America  for  the 
express  purpose  of  founding  an  Episcopal  college, 
his  munificence  to  an  institution,  imdcr  the  exclu- 
sive direction  of  a  different  denomination,  must 
be  thought  worthy  of  high  jiraise.  It  was  in  the 
year  1733  that  he  was  made  bishop  of  Cloj-ne ; 
and  from  tliis  period  he  discharged  with  exemplary 
faithfuhiess  the  episcopal  duties,  and  prosecuted 
liis  studies  with  unabating  diligence.  On  the 
14th  of  January,  1753,  he  was  suddenly  seized  at 
Oxford,  whither  he  had  removed  in  1752,  by  a 
disorder  called  the  palsy  of  the  heart,  and 
instantly  expired,  being  nearly  sixty-nine  years  of 
age.    Pope  ascribes 

"  To  Berkeley  cTery  virtue  under  lieaTen." 

His  fine  portrait  by  Smibert,  with  his  family  and 
the  artist  himself,  will  be  contemplated  with  de- 
light by  all,  who  visit  Yale  college.  Bishop 
Berkeley,  while  at  Cloj-ne,  constantly  rose  between 
three  and  four  in  the  morning.  His  favorite- 
author  was  Plato.  His  character,  though  marked 
by  enthusiasm,  was  singularly  excellent  and  amia- 


BERKELEY. 


BERNARD. 


87 


blc.  lie  VTM  held  by  his  acquaintance  in  the 
highest  estimatinn.  ULshop  Attcrbury,  oft  .t  be- 
ing introduced  to  him,  exclaimed,  "  so  much  un- 
denitanduig,  ho  nuich  knowledge,  so  much  inno- 
cence, und  Nueh  humility  I  did  not  think  had  been 
the  portion  of  any  but  nngels.  till  I  hiiw  this  geii- 
tlemon."  It  is  well  known,  that  Bishop  Ilerkelcy 
rejected  the  commonly  received  notion  of  the  ex- 
istence of  matter,  and  contended,  that  what  are 
called  Nensiblc  material  objects  are  not  external 
but  exist  in  the  mind,  and  are  merely  impressions 
made  upon  our  mind  by  the  immediate  act  of 
God.  These  jieculiar  sentiments  he  sujiported  in 
his  work,  entitled,  the  principles  of  human  knowl- 
edge, 1710,  and  in  the  dialogues  between  Ily- 
las  and  Philonous,  1713.  Besides  these  works, 
and  the  minute  philosopher,  in  wliich  he  attacks 
the  free  thinker  with  great  ingenuity  and  effect, 
he  published,  also,  arithmetica  obsque  algebra 
aut  Euelide  demonstrata,  1707  j  theory  of  vision, 
1709;  de  motu,  1721;  an  essay  towards  prevent- 
ing the  niin  of  Great  Britain,  1721 ;  the  analyst, 
1734;  a  defence  of  free  tliinking  in  mathematics, 
1735;  the  querist,  1735;  discourse  addressed  to 
magistrates,  1730 ;  on  the  virtues  of  tar  water, 
1744 ;  maxims  concerning  patriotism,  1750.  — 
Chandler's  Life  of  Johnson,  47-00 ;  Miller,  ii. 
349  ;  Rees'  Cijcl. ;  Holmes,  II.  53. 

BERKLEY,  Alexander,  died  at  Lj-nchburg, 
Vo.,  Oct.  25,  1825,  aged  114  :  his  wife  died  Jan. 
9,  1825,  aged  111. 

BERKLEY,  NoRnoRXE,  baron  de  Botetourt, 
one  of  the  last  governors  of  Virginia  while  a 
British  colony,  obtained  the  peerage  of  Botetourt 
in  1704.  In  July,  1708,  he  was  appointed  gov- 
ernor of  Virginia  in  the  place  of  Gen.  Amherst. 
lie  died  nt  Williamsburg  Oct  15,  1770,  aged  52. 
At  liis  death  the  government,  in  consequence  of 
the  resignation  of  John  Blair,  devolved  upon 
William  Nelson,  until  the  appointment  in  Decem- 
ber of  Lord  Dunmore,  then  governor  of  New 
York.  Lord  Botetourt  seems  to  have  been  highly 
respected  in  Virginia.  His  exertions  to  promote 
the  interests  of  William  and  Mary  college  were 
zealous  and  unremitted.  lie  instituted  an  annual 
contest  among  the  students  for  two  golden  med- 
als of  the  value  of  five  guineas ;  one  for  the  best 
Latin  oration  on  a  given  subject,  and  the  other  for 
superiority  in  mathematical  science.  For  a  long 
time  he  sanctioned  by  his  presence  morning  and 
evening  prayers  in  the  college.  No  company 
nor  avocation  prevented  his  attendance  on  this 
service.  He  was  extremely  fond  of  literary  char- 
oeters.  No  one  of  this  class,  who  had  the  least 
claims  to  respect,  was  ever  presented  to  him 
without  receiving  liis  encouragement.  —  Miller, 
II.  378;  Boston  Gazette,  A'op.  12,  1770;  Mar- 
shall, II.  130. 

BERNARD,  Francis,  governor  of  Massachu- 
setts, was  the  governor  of  New  Jersey,  after  Gov. 


Belcher,  in  1738.    He  succeeded  Got.  Pownnll 
of  Massachusetts,  in  1700.    Arriving  ot  Boston 
.Vug.  2d,  he  coitinued  at  the  head  of  the  govern- 
ment nine  ycors.     His  administration  was  during 
one  of  the  most  interesting  periods  in  American 
history.     He  had  governed  New  Jersey  two  years 
in  tt  manner  very  acceptable  to  that  province,  and 
the  first  part  of  his  administration  in  Massachu- 
setts was  very  agreeable  to  the  general  court. 
Soon  after  his  arrival  Canada  was  surrendered  to 
Amherst.    Besides  voting  a  salary  of  1300  pounds, 
they  made  to  him  at  the  first  session  a  grant  of  Mt. 
Desert  Island,  which  was  confirmed  by  the  king. 
Much  harmony  prevailed  for  two  or  tliree  years ; 
but  this   prosperous  and  hn])i)y  commencement 
did  not  continue.    There  '.-.•'d  long  been  two  par- 
ties in  the  State,  the  advocates  for  the  crown,  and 
the  defenders  of  the  rights  of  the  ])eople.    Gov. 
Bernard  was  soon  classed  with  those,  who  were 
desirous  of  strengthening  the  royal  authority  in 
America;   the  sons  of   liberty  therefore  stood 
forth  uniformly  in  opjwsition  to  him.    His  indis- 
cretion in  appointing  Mr.  Hutchinson  chief  jus- 
tice, instead  of  ginng  that  office  to  Col.  Otis  of 
Barnstable,  to  whom   it  had  been   promised  by 
Shirley,  proved  very  injurious  to  his  cause.    In 
consequence  of  this  appointment  he  lost  the  influ- 
ence of  Col.  Otis,  and  by  yielding  himself  to  Mr. 
Hutchinson  he  drew  upon  him  the  hostility  of 
James  Otis,  the  son,  a  man  of  great  talents,  who 
soon  became  the  leader  on  the  popular  side.   The 
laws  for  the  regulation  of  trade  and  the  severities 
of  the  officers  of  customs  were  the  first  things 
which  greatly  agitated  the  public  mind ;  and  af- 
terwards the  stamp  act  increased  the  energy  of 
resistance  to  the  schemes  of  tyranny.    Gov.  Ber- 
nard possessed  no  talent  for  conciliating ;  he  was 
for  accomplishing  ministerial  purposes  by  force ; 
and  the  spirit  of  freedom  gathered  strength  from 
the  open  manner  in  wliich  he  attempted  to  crush 
it.    His  speech  to  the  general  court  after  the  re- 
peal of  the  stamp  act  was  by  no  means  calculated 
to  assuage  the  angry  passions  which  had   lately 
been  excited.    He  was  the  principal  means  of 
bringing  the  troops  to  Boston,  that  he  might 
overawe  the  people ;  and  it  was  owing  to  him, 
that  they  were  continued  in  the   town.     This 
measure  had  been   proposed  by  him  and  Mr. 
Hutchinson  long  before  it  was  executed.    Wliile 
he  professed  himself  a  friend  to  the  province,  he 
was  endeavoring  to  undermine  its  constitution, 
and  to  obtain  an  essential  alteration  in  the  char- 
ter, by  transferring  from  the  general  coiu-t  to  the 
crown  the  right  of  electing  the  council.     His 
conduct,  though  it  drew  upon  him  the  indigna- 
tion of  the  province,  was  so  pleasing  to  the  min- 
istrj',  that  he  was  created  a  baronet  March  20, 
1769.     Sir  Francis  had  too  little  command  of  his 
temper.    He  could  not  conceal  his  resentments, 
and  he  could  not  restrain  his  censures.    One  of 


88 


BERNARD. 


BEVERLY. 


hi»  liwt  public  mcanurc!)  wan  to  proropfiip  tlic  gen- 
eral court  in  July,  in  conMccjucncf  of  thfirrofuNiiiff 
to  make  proviHion  for  the  Niip])ort  of  the  troojis. 
The  general  court,  however,  l)«'l'()re  they  were  pro- 
rogued, enilirnced  the  o])portunity  of  (IraM'ing  tip 
a  petition  to  his  mnjcsty  for  the  removal  of  tlie 
governor.  It  was  found  neeeHHory  to  recall  him, 
and  he  embarked  Aug.  1,  17(i!),  leanug  Mr. 
Ilutchiufion,  the  lieutenant-goveriu)r,  commander 
in  chief.  Tliere  were  few  who  lamented  hif*  de- 
parture. He  died  in  England  in  June,  1779. 
Ilis  Hecond  son,  Sir  John  U.,  who  held  public  ofh- 
ccB  in  UarlmdoeN  and  St.  Vincent's,  died  in  IHOOj 
his  third  son,  Sir  Thomas  ]J.,  was  graduated  at 
Harvard  college  in  1707,  and  marrying  in  Eng- 
land a  lady  of  fortune,.the  daughter  of  Patrick 
Adair,  devoted  much  of  his  time  to  various  benev- 
olent institutions  in  London,  so  as  to  gain  the 
reputation  of  a  philanthro|iist ;  he  died  July  1, 
1818 :  his  ])ublications,  chiefly  designed  to  im- 
prove the  common  i)eople,  were  numerous. 

The  newsjMijiers  were  very  free  in  the  ridicule 
of  the  parsimony  and  domestic  habits  of  Uernord. 
But  he  was  temjierate,  a  friend  to  literature,  and 
a  benefactor  of  Harvard  college,  exerting  himself 
for  its  relief  after  the  destruction  of  the  library 
by  fire.  He  was  himself  a  man  of  erudition,  be- 
ing conversant  with  books,  and  retoining  the 
striking  passages  in  his  strong  memory.  He 
said,  that  he  could  repeat  the  whole  of  Shak- 
spcare.  Believing  the  Christian  religion,  he 
attended  habitually  public  worship.  Though 
attached  to  the  Englisli  church,  when  he  resided 
at  Roxbury,  he  often  rejiaired  to  the  nearest  Con- 
gregational meeting,  that  of  Brooklino. 

If  a  man  of  great  address  and  wisdom  had 
occupied  the  place  of  Sir  Francis,  it  is  very  ])rob- 
able,  that  the  American  Revolution  would  not 
have  occurred  so  soon.  But  bis  arbitrary  princi- 
ples and  his  zeal  for  the  authority  of  the  crown 
enkindled  the  sjjirit  of  the  peo])Ie,  while  bis  rep- 
resentations to  the  ministry  excited  them  to  those 
measures,  which  hastened  the  separation  of  the 
colonies  from  the  mother  country. 

From  the  letters  of  Gov.  Bernard,  which  were 
obtained  and  transmitted  to  this  country  by  Mr. 
Bollan,  it  ajipears,  that  he  had  very  little  regard 
to  the  interests  of  liberty.  His  select  letters  on 
the  trade  and  government  of  America,  written  in 
Boston  from  1703  to  1708,  were  published  in 
London  in  1774.  Ilis  other  letters,  written  home 
in  confidence,  were  published  in  1768  and  17G9. 
He  wrote  several  pieces  in  Greek  and  Latin  in 
the  collection  made  at  Cambridge,  styled,  "  Pietas 
et  Gratulatio,"  1761. — Minofs  Hist.  Mass.  I.  73- 
222  J  Gordon,  I.  139,  272-274;  Marshall,  II. 
96,  114;  Eliot. 

BERRIEN,  John  Macpherson,  attorney-gen- 
eral of  U.  S.,  died  at  Savannah  Jan.  1,  1856 :  he 


had  been  a  senator.  A  si)ecch  of  his  is  in  Willii- 
fon's  "  Elociuence." 

BERUY,  John,  died  on  Peterson's  Creek,  Va., 
in  184/),  aged  101  :  he  was  a  soldier  in  various 
battles. 

IIETIIUNE,  DiVTK,  an  eminent  philanthropist 
and  Christian,  was  bom  at  Dingwall,  Rosshire, 
Scotland,  in  1771.  In  early  life  he  resided  at 
Tobago,  where  his  only  brother  was  a  jihysician. 
At  the  command  of  his  pious  mother  he  left  the 
irreligious  island  and  removed  to  the  United 
States  in  1702,  and  settled  as  a  merchant  in  New 
York.  He  soon  joined  the  church  of  Dr.  Mason  ; 
in  1802  became  one  of  its  elders.  He  died  Sept. 
18,  1824.  His  wife  was  the  daughter  of  Isabella 
Graham.  Before  a  tract  society  was  formed  in 
this  country  Mr.  Bcthunc  printed  ten  thousand 
tracts  at  his  own  expense,  and  himself  distributed 
many  of  them.  He  olso  imported  Bibles  for  dis- 
tribution. From  1803  to  1816  he  was  at  the  solo 
exj)ense  of  one  or  more  Sunday  schools.  The 
tenth  of  his  gains  he  devoted  to  the  serrice  of 
his  heavenly  Master.  In  his  la.st  sickness  he  said : 
"  I  wish  my  friends  to  help  me  through  the  val- 
ley by  reading  to  me  the  word  of  God.  I  have 
not  read  much  lately  but  the  Bible :  the  Bible  I 
the  Bible !  I  want  nothing  but  the  Bible !  O, 
the  light,  that  has  shined  into  my  soul  through 
the  Bible  ! "  His  end  was  peace.  Such  a  bene- 
factor of  the  human  family  is  incomparably  more 
worthy  of  remembrance,  than  the  selfish  philoso- 
phers and  the  great  warriors  of  the  earth.  — 
A\  Y.  Observer ;  Boston  Recorder,  Oct.  16. 

BETTS,  TnAnDFXH,  died  at  Norwalk,  Conn., 
April  7, 1840.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Yale  of 
1807,  a  lawyer  of  eminence,  lieutenant-governor, 
and  senator  of  the  U.  S. 

BEVERIDGE,  John,  a  poet,  was  a  native  of 
Scotland.  In  1758  he  was  appointed  professor  of 
languages  in  the  college  and  academy  of  Phila- 
delphia. He  published  in  1705  a  volume  of 
Latin  poems,  entitled,  "  Epistolro  familiares  et 
alia  quondam  miscellanea."  In  an  address  to  John 
Penn  he  suggests,  that  a  conveyance  to  him  of 
some  few  acres  of  good  land  would  be  a  proper 
return  for  the  poetic  mention  of  the  Penn  family. 
The  Latin  hint  was  lost  upon  the  Englishman. 
The  unrewarded  poet  continued  to  ply  the  birch 
in  the  vain  attempt  to  govern  seventy  or  eighty 
ungovernable  boys.  —  Mem.  Ilist.  Sac.  of  Petm., 
I.  145. 

BEVERLY,  RoBEKT,  a  native  of  Virginia, 
died  in  1716.  lie  was  clerk  of  the  council  about 
1697,  when  Andros  was  governor,  with  a  salary  of 
50  pounds  and  perquisites.  Intimately  associated 
with  the  government,  his  views  of  public  measures 
were  influenced  by  his  situation.  His  bcok  was 
written  by  a  man  in  ofl[ice.  Peter  Beverly  was  at 
the  same  time  clerk  of  the  house  of  burgesses. 


BEVEIILY. 


niDDLE. 


80 


Mr.  Bcvprly  publiHhcd  a  hiHtor}'  of  that  colony, 
London,  ITOi?,  in  four  partN,  cniliracing  the  firnt 
settlement  of  Vir);inia  and  tlic  government  there- 
of to  the  time  w  hen  it  wdh  written  i  the  nuturul 
productionH  and  convenienceH  of  the  country, 
suited  to  trade  and  improvement  g  the  native  In- 
dionit,  their  religion,  Iuwn,  and  cuKtoras  ;  and  the 
Btate  of  the  country  an  to  the  jxilicy  of  the  gov- 
ernment and  tlic  improvementM  of  the  land. 
Another  edition  was  publiNlicd  with  Gribclin's 
cuts,  8vo.  1722 !  and  a  rrencit  tran.slation,  with 
plates,  Amstcrd.,  1707.  Thin  work  in  the  histor- 
ical narration  m  as  concise  and  unsatisfactory,  as 
the  history  of  Stith  is  prolix  and  tedious. 

BEVEIILY,  CAUTEn,  a  distinguished  Virgin- 
ian, died  at  Fredericksburg  Feb.  10,  1844,  aged 
72. 

BLVRT,  PiEnRE,  a  Jesuit  missionary,  came 
froTi  France  to  Port  Iloyal  in  June,  1011.  Of 
his  voyage  and  events  at  Acadia  he  made  a  rela- 
tion, in  which  Charlevoix  confides  more  than  in 
the  memoirs  used  by  Uc  Laet  to  decry  the 
Jesuits.  Biart  gave  the  name  of  Souriquois  to 
the  Indians  oilcrwards  called  Micmacks.  In  1612 
he  ascended  the  Kinibequi  or  Kennebec,  and  was 
well  received  by  the  Canibas,  formerly  called  the 
Canibcqui,  a  nation  of  the  Abcnaquis,  from  whom 
the  name  of  the  river  is  derived.  This  visit  was 
soon  after  the  attempted  establishment  of  the 
English  under  Popham  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ken- 
nebec. He  was  followed  by  Dreuillcttes  in  1046. 
Biart  obtained  provisions  for  Port  Koyal.  In 
1613  he  repaired  to  the  Penobscot,  to  the  settle- 
ment called  S.  Sauveur.  According  to  Charlevoix 
he  performed  a  miracle  in  healing  by  baptism  a 
sick  Malecite  Indian  child.  But  the  miraculous 
powers  of  the  Jesuit  failed  him  on  the  arrival  of 
Argall,  who  took  him  prisoner  and  carried  him 
to  Virginia  and  England.  —  Charlev.  i.  131  j 
Maine  Hist.  Coll.,  I.  325. 

BIBB,  WiLLUM  W.,  governor  of  Alabama, 
was  a  representative  from  Georgia  from  IS'?'- to 
1810.  lie  was  appointed  in  1817govemv.;  ..; 
tlie  territory  of  Alabama,  and  under  the  const 
tution  of  the  State  was  elected  the  first  governor 
in  1819.  He  died  at  his  residence  near  fort 
Jackson  July  9,  1820,  aged  39  years,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Israel  Pickens.  He  was  highly  re- 
spected for  his  talents  and  dignity  as  a  states- 
man ;  and  in  private  life  was  condescending,  affa- 
ble and  kind. 

BU)DLE,  Nicholas,  a  naval  commander,  was 
bom  in  Philadelphia  Sept.  10,  1750.  In  sailing 
to  the  West  Indies  in  1765  he  was  east  away. 
The  long  boat  being  lost  and  the  yawl  not  being 
large  enough  to  carry  away  all  the  crew,  he  and 
three  others  were  left  by  lot  two  months  in  mis- 
ery on  an  Island,  which  was  iminhabited.  Ills 
many  voyages  made  him  a  thorough  seaman.  In 
1770  he  went  to  London  and  entered  the  British 
12 


navy.  When  Capt.  Phipps,  afterwards  Lord  Mul- 
grave,  was  about  to  sail  on  his  exploring  expedi- 
tion, Biddlo,  then  a  niidshipraan,  al>sc()ndcd  from 
his  own  ship  and  entered  on  board  the  CarcoM 
liefore  the  mast.  Horntio  Nolson  was  on  board 
the  same  vessel.  After  the  conimcnccmont  of  the 
Revolution  he  returned  to  Pliilnd('l]>hia.  Being 
a|)p(>inted  conimandor  of  the  Andrew  Doria,  a 
l)rig  of  14  guns  and  130  men,  he  sailed  mider 
Com.  IIo|!kins  in  the  successful  exi)edition  against 
New  Providence.  Alter  relltting  at  New  London, 
he  wus  ordered  to  proceed  off  the  banks  of  New- 
foundland, lie  captured  in  1770,  among  other 
jirizes,  two  sliiiis  from  Scotland  with  four  hundred 
Highland  troi)])s.  Being  ap])ointed  to  the  com- 
mand of  the  llandolph,  a  frigate  of  thirty-two 
guns,  he  sailed  from  Philadelphia  in  Feb.,  1777. 
lie  soon  carried  into  Charleston  four  valuable  pri- 
zes, one  of  them  the  True  Briton  of  twenty  guns. 
A  little  fleet  was  now  fitted  out  under  his  com- 
mand, with  which  he  cruised  in  the  West  Indies. 
In  an  action  with  the  British  shi])  Yarmouth  of 
sixty-four  guns  March  7, 1778,  Capt.  Biddlc  was 
wounded,  and  a  few  minutes  afterwards,  while  he 
was  under  the  hands  of  the  nurgcon,  the  Kan- 
dolph  with  a  crew  of  three  himdrcd  and  fifteen 
blew  uj),  and  he  and  all  his  men,  but  four,  per- 
ished. The  four  men  were  tossed  obout  four 
days  on  a  piece  of  the  wreck,  before  they  were 
taken  up.  The  other  vessels  escaped,  from  the 
disabled  condition  of  the  Yarmouth.  Capt.  Bid- 
die  was  but  27  years  of  age.  He  had  displayed  the 
qualities  requisite  for  a  naval  commander, — 
skill,  coolness,  self-possession,  courage,  together 
with  humanity  and  magnanimity.  His  temper 
was  chcerfid.  Believing  the  gosjjel,  his  religious 
impressions  had  a  powerful  influence  upon  his  con- 
duct. He  was  a  brother  of  the  late  Judge  Biddle. 
—  Uogers  ;  liiog.  Americana. 

BIDULE,  TuoMAS,  was  a  captain  of  artillery 
in  the  campaigns  on  the  Niagara  in  1813  and  1814. 
He  served  under  Gen.  Scott  at  the  capture  of 
'  Fort  George.  Li  the  battle  of  Lundy's  lane  he 
brought  off  a  piece  of  the  enemy's  artillery. 
After  the  war,  with  the  brevet  rank  of  major,  ho 
removed  to  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  and  was  paymas- 
ter in  the  army.  He  was  shot  in  a  duel  with 
Spencer  Pettis,  a  member  of  congress,  and  died 
Aug.  29,  1831,  at  the  age  of  41.  The  history  of 
I  this  affair  is  the  lilstoi'y  of  consummate  folly,  dls- 
I  creditable  ])uslllammity,  and  hardened  depravity. 
Political  controversy  was  the  origin  of  the  duel. 
Biddle  had  anonymously  abused  Pettis  in  the 
newspapers ;  this  led  to  a  retort  of  hard  words. 
Next,  Biddlc  ossaulted  Pettis  when  he  was  asleep, 
with  a  cowskin.  Bonds  were  imposed  on  Biddle 
for  the  preservation  of  the  peace.  At  last  the 
friends  of  Mr.  Pettis  urged  him  and  constrained 
him  to  challenge  his  chastiser  and  to  hazard  his 
^  life  and  soul  in  the  attempt  of  mutual  murder. 


90 


DIDDLE. 


niOELOW. 


The  (liNtnncc  choFon  by  Hiddlf,  who  wn«  nonr- 
Bif^litcd,  W(W  five  feet,  HO  tlint  the  pistol.H  would 
overlap  eucli  other,  niiikin^  death  uppiireiitly  cer- 
tain to  l)()tli :  uceordiii},'!)'  hofh  fell,  I'"ridny,  Auf?. 
20th,  and  noon  their  nim-itM  went  into  eternity 
with  the  >{»iilt  of  hlood.  I'ettis  died  on  Siittirday 
and  Diddle  on  Monday.  The  pronioterH  of  this 
duel  nniKt  he  regarded  an  sharers  in  the  ^uilt. 
Dean  Swift  remarked,  "None  hut  fools  flijht 
duels,  ond  the  Kooner  the  world  is  rid  of  sueh 
folks,  the  hetter."  It  will  he  well  for  those,  who 
call  themselves  men  of  honor,  nnd  well  for  their 
misernhle  families,  if  they  shall  learn  to  fear  the 
judfjment  of  God  rather  than  the  sneers  of  un- 
principled men,  and  if  they  shall  learn  to  abstain 
from  calumny,  to  forgive  injuries,  and  to  love  a 
brother. —  A^.  1'.  Merenry,  IV.  9. 

HIDDI.I',  NlcilOLAH,  died  at  Andalusia,  neor 
Philadelphia,  Feb.  27,  IMI,  a»cA  flS.  lie  was 
the  son  of  Charles  IJiddle  of  rhiladeljihia,  a  whif? 
of  the  Kevolution.  At  the  oge  of  19  he  was 
Bccrctarj'  to  Armstronff  in  his  mission  to  I'aris. 
On  his  return  he  studied  law  nnd  devoted  himself 
much  to  literature,  for  n  time  editinf»  the  I'ort- 
Folio.  In  1819  he  was  one  of  the  directors  of 
the  bank  of  the  United  States,  and  in  1823  suc- 
ceeded Mr.  Chcves  as  jjresident, — a  post  which 
he  filled  sixteen  years.  Under  his  management 
and  the  hostility  of  Gen.  Jackson  the  bank  broke 
down.    lie  wrote  the  commercial  digest. 

DIDDLE,  ■\Vii.LiAM  r.,  died  at  Newbcm, 
N.  C,  Aug.  8,  1853,  after  a  mhiistry  cf  nearly 
half  a  century.  Dom  in  Virginia,  he  was  a  j)ion- 
eer  of  the  Daptists  in  North  Carolina. 

DIDDLE,  Jasiks,  commodore,  died  at  Phila- 
delphia Oct,  1,  1848,  aged  Go.  Educated  at  the 
Pennsylvania  university,  he  entered  the  vvwy  in 
1800,  and  was  engaged  in  various  actions.  He 
captured  the  Penguin.  lie  signed  the  commer- 
cial treaty  with  Turkey  in  1832,  and  commanded 
a  squadron  in  China  in  1817. 

DIEWILLE,  Le  Moyne  De,  governor  of  Lou- 
isiana and  founder  of  New  Orleans,  took  the  name 
of  his  brother,  who  was  killed  by  the  Iroquois  in 
1691.  While  in  command  at  Mobile,  he  mani- 
fested his  humanity  by  liberating  the  jirisoncrs, 
which  were  brought  from  Carolina  by  the  Indians, 
in  the  Indian  war  of  1715.  In  17 14  he  constructed 
a  fort  at  Natchez,  and  in  1717,  on  a  visit  to  the 
governor  of  Mobile,  he  obtained  permission  to 
lay  the  foundation  of  tiie  city  of  New  Orleans. 
In  1720,  M.  Perrier  being  nominated  commandant 
of  Louisiana  in  his  j)lace,  he  went  to  France ; 
but  in  1733  he  returned  with  a  new  commission 
as  governor.  In  1740,  with  a  large  army  of 
"rench,  Indians,  and  negroes,  he  made  a  second 
expedition  against  the  C'hickasaws;  proceeding 
up  the  Mississipj)!,  he  encamped  near  their  towns, 
and  brought  them  to  terms  of  peace.  —  Charle- 
voix;  Holmes,  I.  513;  II.  10. 


lUfiELOW,  Timothy,  colonel,  died  ot  Wor- 
cester Mareh  .'11,  17!MI,  nged  .JO.  lie  was  the  son 
of  Daniel;  nnd  he  had  an  eminent  son  of  his  own 
name.  A  bhieksnu'th,  he  was  the  associate  of  the 
leading,'  i.atriots  of  his  day.  On  hearing  of  the 
battle  of  Lexington  he  mnrelied  at  the  head  of 
minute-men  ;  he  marched  up  the  Kennebec  against 
(lueliec,  and  was  taken  |iriHoner  i  nt  the  head  of 
the  fiOeeiilh  Mass,  regiment  he  was  nt  .Saratoga, 
Uhofle  iNland,  Valley  Forge,  nnd  West  Point. 
He  was  iin  original  grant'. j-  of  Montpelier.  As 
n  benefacliir  of  Leicester  n^'li-my  he  is  honored 
by  its  friends.  AVith  an  ardent  teniiiernment  he 
was  dignilled  and  graceful.  —  Lincoln'a  Hint. 
Worrmler. 

IlICiELOW,  Timothy,  a  lawyer,  was  l)om  at 
Worcester,  Ms.,  April  30,  1707,  the  son  of  Col. 
Timothy  H.,  who  served  in  Arnold's  expedition  to 
(Juehec,  nnd  commanded  the  IGth  regiment  in 
the  Revolutionary  war,  and  j)robahly  a  descendant 
of  John  lligelow,  who  hvcd  in  Watertown  in 
1042.  After  graduating  at  Harvard  college  in 
1780,  he  studied  law,  and  in  1789  commenced 
the  practice  nt  Groton.  For  more  than  twenty 
years  from  1790  he  was  a  distinguished  member 
of  the  legislature ;  for  eleven  years  he  was  the 
spealicr  of  the  house  of  represcntotives.  In  his 
politics  he  was  ardently  attached  to  the  federal 
party.  Of  the  Hartford  convention  in  1814  he 
was  a  member ;  and  grand  master  of  masons.  In 
1807  he  removed  to  Medford  and  kept  an  office 
in  Boston.  He  died  May  18,  1821,  aged  54. 
His  wife  was  the  daughter  of  Oliver  Prescottj 
one  of  his  daughters  married  Abbott  Lawrence. 
Mr.  Digelow  was  a  learned,  eloquent,  and  pojjular 
lawyer.  It  has  been  computed,  that  during  a 
jjracticc  of  thirty-two  years  he  argued  not  less 
than  fifteen  thousand  causes.  His  usual  antng^ 
onist  was  Samuel  Dana.  Over  the  multitudinous 
assembly  of  six  or  seven  hundred  legislators  of 
Massachusetts  he  jjresided  with  great  dignity  and 
energy.  Of  many  literary  and  benevolent  socie- 
ties he  was  an  active  member ;  nnd  in  jjrivate  life 
was  resjiectcd  nnd  beloved.  He  ])ublished  an 
ornlioii  Leforc  the  Phi  Botn  Kappa  society,  1797. 
An  extract  of  his  eulogy  on  S.  Dana  is  in  the 
historical  collections. — Jcnnison;  Maine  Jlist. 
Coll.  I.  303,  388,  409  i  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.  8.  8.  U. 
235,  252. 

BIGELOW,  Leavis,  died  in  Peoria,  Illinois, 
Oct.  3,  1838,  aged  53.  He  was  a  member  of 
congress  from  Massachusetts  in  1821,  and  the 
author  of  Digest  of  twelve  vols,  of  Massachusetts 
Ileports. 

BIGELOW,  Jonathan,  died  Jan.  26,  1854, 
aged  00.  Bom  in  Boylston,  he  graduated  at 
BrowTi  university  in  1816,  and  was  successively  a 
minister  at  Lubec  in  1821 ;  at  Rochester,  Mass.,' 
for  twenty  years  from  1828;  at  Euclid,  Ohio,  in 
1850,  where  his  labors  were  greatly  blessed.    He 


niGELOW. 


niN'GIIAM. 


!)l 


WM  rrf<nrdc<l  m  a  ncholar,  and  a  faithftii  miii- 
Utir. 

IIKJI'.I.OW,  Wii.MAM,  dud  in  Ilostim,  Jim. 
1'.',  IHII,  n^cd  70,  a  ki'<><1"u<(>  "f  Hurvurd  in 
171M  Ik'  wan  a  tciiclicr,  u  wit,  writer  of  \«)- 
ctry,  editor  nf  Nevcrnl  |ieriiidirali«,  and  author  of  n 
hixtory  of  Iun  nativu  town,  Xutick,  and  of  Slier- 
burne.  rnhii|i|iily  he  did  not  hold  the  mantery 
over  the  njipetituH,  which  leud  to  a  disreKord  of 
the  lowM  of  temperance. 

ItKiOT,  Vim  icNT,  o  JeHiiit  minHionary,  wnn  em- 
ployed in  10i)7  hy  (icn.  De  Denonvillu  to  rotlect 
a  villa({e  of  the  I'enobHCot  IndianH,  who  liiid  been 
diN|)crNed,  in  order  to  counteract  thu  deNiffim  of 
Gov.  Androa.  It  would  Rcum,  that  he  hud  been 
ft  miNHionary  among  these  Indianii  near  I'cnta- 
goct,  or  I'cnoliHCot,  for  lomo  years  before,  but 
had  been  driven  oif  by  the  di«))utes  with  a  com- 
pany of  fiHhcrmcn.  Bigot  returned,  says  I)cn- 
onviilc,  "  at  my  requewt,  in  order  to  keep  the 
■avngcs  in  our  intercNt,  which  they  hud  aban- 
doned." Such  was  the  worldly  policy,  which 
produced  the  JcNuit  miHNions  in  Maine ;  and  the 
JcHuitN,  by  their  \owh  of  obedience  being  Nubjert 
to  their  sujieriorH,  were  convenient  inNtrumcntN 
of  politic  governors  and  adventurous  generals. 
Dcnonville,  in  a  memoir  which  he  prejiured  after 
his  return  to  France,  OHcribes  much  of  the  good 
understanding  which  had  been  preserved  with 
the  Abenaki  Indians,  to  the  uifluence  of  the  two 
father  liigots :  the  name  of  the  younger  was 
James.  Vincent  chiefly  resided  at  St.  Francois, 
among  the  Indians  there  assembled  by  the 
governor  of  Canada.  In  an  exjjedition  of  the 
Abenakis  against  New  England,  Uigot  accom])a- 
nicd  them,  as  is  related  by  Charlevoix  under  the 
year  1721,  from  the  lips  of  the  missionary  him- 
self, and  witnessed  their  heroism  in  a  battle,  in 
which  at  the  odds  of  twenty  English  for  one  In- 
dian they  fought  a  whole  day,  and  without  the 
loss  of  a  man  strewed  the  field  of  battle  with  the 
dead  and  put  the  English  to  flight.  In  this 
story  there  is  as  much  truth,  as  in  father  Uiart's 
miracle  on  the  Penobscot.  There  was  no  such 
battle  in  1721,  uor  in  any  other  year;  though  it 
is  tn.f  that  in  1724  many  Indians  with  father 
Hallo  fell  in  bottle  at  Norridgcwock,  without  the 
loss  of  one  of  the  English.  Mr.  Southcy  says : 
"  Let  any  person  compare  the  relations  of  our  Pro- 
testant missionaries  with  those  of  the  Jesuits,  Dom- 
mcians,  Franciscans,  or  any  other  Ilomish  order, 
and  the  dift'erence,  which  he  cannot  foil  to  per- 
ceive, between  the  plain  truth  of  the  one  and  the 
audacious  and  elaborate  mendacity  of  the  other, 
may  lead  liim  to  a  just  inference  concerning  the 
two  churches."— C/(«*7civ<ia:,  I.  031,059;  111.308; 
Sonfbei/'s  Coll.  11.  374  ;  Maine  Hist.  Vol.  I.  328. 

BIG  WAIUUOU,  the  princii)al  cliief  of  the 
Creek  nation,  died  Feb.  9,  1825.  With  a  colos- 
sal body,  he  had  a  miitd  of  great  power.    Li 


XovemlK-r,  IM21,  he  aiul  Little  Prince  nml  other 
chicfN,  HJgned  the  decliirution  of  a  coiuicil  of  the 
tribe,  iixKertinK  llieir  rcl'ictuMce  to  ncll  any  ninro 
land,  and  their  elainiN  to  jUNtice,  uiid  dcHiriliing 
the  pro^frehs  made  in  the  urtH  of  ti\il  life.  They, 
who  think  the  Inilianx  inrnpnble  of  civiiiMition, 
moy  be  surprise*!  to  learn,  timt  the  upper  ('reek» 
alone  had  nuumfitctured  thirty  tliousitiitl  yards  of 
'  homespun.'  He  hiul  ulways  l)e(ii  ii  friend  of  the 
whites,  and  fought  for  them  in  many  a  buttle. 

BILLINGS,  Amaiiki.,  died  at  Ilurdwitk  July 
10,  IN38,  aged  lOU;  on  ollicer  at  the  capture  of 
llurgovnc. 

BILLINGS,  Bjajamin,  M.  I).,  died  at  Mans- 
field, Mass.,  Oct.  t),  1812,  aged  82.  He  was  a 
surgeon  in  the  Itevolutionury  army. 

BINGHAM,  Wii.i.iAM,  a  senator  of  the  United 
States,  was  graduated  at  the  c<illege  of  Philadel- 
phia in  17U8 1  he  was  agent  for  bis  country  at 
Martinique  in  the  period  of  the  Uevulution  ;  in 
1780  he  was  a  delegate  to  congress  from  Pennsyl- 
vania; ui  1795  he  succeeded  Mr.  Morris  as  sena- 
tor. Of  the  meosures  of  Mr.  Adams'  adminis- 
tration, he  was  a  decided  advocate.  He  died  at 
Bath,  lingland,  Feb.  7,  1801,  aged  52.  He  mar- 
ried in  1780  Miss  Willing  of  Philadelphia ;  his 
son,  William,  married  in  Montreal  in  1822 ;  a 
daughter  was  married  to  a  son  of  Sir  Francis 
Baring.  He  purchased  about  the  year  1793  more 
than  two  millions  of  acres  of  land  in  Maine,  at  an 
eighth  of  a  dollar  per  acre,  or  for  more  thait 
$250,000.  In  1715  Mr.  Grecnleaf  calculated  the 
cost  to  have  amounted  to  forty-nine  cents  per 
acre,  when  perhaps  the  average  value  might  not 
exceed  seventeen  cents.  Mr.  B.  published  "a 
letter  from  an  American  on  the  subject  of  the  re- 
straining proclamation,"  with  strictures  on  Lord 
Shetticld's  pamphlets,  1784 ;  descrijjtion  of  cer- 
tain tracts  of  land  in  the  district  of  Maine,  1793. 

BINGHAM,  Cai,i:h,  a  bookseller  of  Boston, 
died  Ajjril  0,  1817,  aged  00.  A  native  of  Salis- 
bury, Conn.,  he  was  the  son  of  Daniel,  and  a  de- 
scendant of  Thomas  of  Norwich.  By  his  mother 
ho  descended  from  U.  Conant.  He  was  gradu- 
ated at  Dartmouth  in  1782.  He  was  the  preceptor 
of  Moor's  academy  and  afterwards  for  many  years 
a  teacher  in  one  of  the  principal  schools  of  Boston. 
Qiutting  the  toils  of  instruction,  he  ke])t  a  large 
book  fhop  in  Cornhill,  Boston,  ond  compiled  for 
the  benefit  of  youth  various  books,  some  of  which 
went  through  many  editions.  For  several  years 
he  was  a  director  of  the  State  prison,  in  which 
capacity  he  made  great  efforts  for  the  mental  im- 
provement of  the  younger  criminals.  In  his  pol- 
itics he  belonged  to  the  school  of  Mr.  Jeficrson. 
He  had  a  character  of  strict  integrity  and  up- 
rightness, and  he  was  an  exemjjlary  professor  of 
religion.  A  daughter,  Sophia,  married  Col.  Tow- 
son  of  the  army.  He  published  an  interesting 
,  narrative,  entitled,  "  the  hunters ; "  young  lady's 


02 


DINOIIAM. 


DISSELL. 


nccidcnrp,  1789;  cpixtDliir)'  corrpspondcnrc  i  the 
ColuinMuii  Oriitor,  I7!t7i  Atiilii,  ii  Inmslailmi  I'nini 
C'hatt'aul)rinii(l.  Tin'  miiIc  of  liis  school  IiooKh  in 
fditionn  iiiul  copies  whn  iih  follows  :  yoiiii;^  IiuIn'm 
BCCuli'llCC,  'JO  ('(Is.,  100,0(10:  L'hild'H  collipiuiioli, 
'20  t'ds,,  IHO.OOO;  Anii'riiuii  preceptor,  <> I  eds., 
(WO.OOO;  ("eoj;riiphicideiiteeliiMiii,  :j'_'edH.,  100,000; 
t'olumbimi  onitor, 'J.'l  edN.,  l'JO,(K)0)  Juvtiiilu  let- 
ters, 7  ed».,  'J.^OOO. 

inN(iIIAM,  Ji.KKMi.vjl,  died  ill  C'ornwnll,  Vt., 
in  IHIJ,  nf{ed  U^.  Horn  in  Norwich,  Conn.,  he 
wi\H  a  useful  KchooiniiiNter  in  Mii.hn.  nnd  N.  II.  lie 
wiiN  the  (IrNt  M'ttler  in  ('.  :  through  Iuh  cH'ortH  u 
churrh  of  ei},'ht  jiersoiiH  wns  formed  in  17N,). 

mXCillAM,  SriiYi,  M.,  wife  of  Jlev.  llirnm 
Ilin^diuni,  died  iit  luiNthnnipton,  Masn.,  in  Mnreh, 
IHIH,  n>;ed  ')').  She  wiw  n  miMsionary  at  the 
Sandwich  iNlandH  twenty  years. 

ItlNIvLKY,  AnAM,  colonel,  died  in  David- 
son CO.,  Tenn.,  I'eh.  12H,  IH;J7,  nf,'ed  l.'JO.  ]!(> 
served  durinf;  the  llevohitionary  war  j  then  mar- 
ried nnd  had  eleven  children. 

UIXNI'^Y,  Amoh,  colonel,  died  in  BoHton  Jan. 
10,  183;j,  n;,'ed  Cio.  Horn  at  Hull,  he  never  went 
to  school  one  day  j  yet  was  intelligent  nnd  capa- 
ble. He  was  navy  ngent  in  Boston  i  a  Methodlat, 
and  1  man  of  charity. 

BI'  DSEYE,  NATitVN,  died  Jan.  28,  1818, 
ngcd  103.  Ho  graduated  at  Ynlc  college  in  1730, 
nnd  was  ordained  the  fourth  pastor  of  West  Ha- 
ven, Oct.,  1742.  His  predecessors  were  Snmuel 
Johnson,  Jonathan  Arnold,  nnd  Timothy  Allen  j 
his  successor  was  Noah  Williston.  iVfter  being 
in  the  ministry  sixteen  years,  he  was  dismissed  in 
June,  17u8,  nnd  retired  to  his  j)atrimonial  estate 
at  Oronoake  in  Stratford,  where  he  resided  sixty 
years,  till  his  death.  About  n  hundred  of  his  pos- 
terity were  present  nt  his  funeral.  The  whole 
number  of  his  descendants  was  two  hundred  and 
fifty-eight,  of  whom  two  hundred  nnd  six  were 
living.  His  wife,  with  whom  ho  had  lived  sixty- 
nine  years,  died  at  the  ngc  of  88.  By  her  he  had 
twelve  eliildren,  alternately  a  boy  nnd  a  girl  i  he 
hnd  seventy-six  grnndchildren  j  one  hundred  nnd 
sixty-three  great-grandchildren  ;  nnd  seven  of  the 
fifth  generation.  Of  nil  the  branches  of  his  numer- 
ous fnmily,  scattered  into  various  parts  of  the  United 
States,  not  one  of  them  hnd  been  reduced  to 
want.  Most  of  them  were  in  prosperous,  all  in 
comfortable  circumstances.  In  his  last  years  he 
occnsionnlly  preached,  nnd  once  at  Stratford  to 
great  acceptance,  after  he  was  one  himdred  years 
old.  At  last  he  became  blind  and  deaf;  yet  his 
retentive  memory  and  sound  judgment  and  excel- 
lent temper  gave  nn  interest  to  his  conversation 
with  liis  friends.  He  died  without  nn  enemy,  m 
the  hope  of  n  happy  immortality.  According  to 
his  account  of  the  Indians  near  Stratford,  about 
the  year  1700  there  were  sixty  or  eighty  fighting 
men;  in  1701  but  three  or  four  men  were  left. 


However,  the  race  won  not  extrmunnted  ;  for  of 
the  emit^rants  there  lived  nt  Kent  on  the  "  (his- 
lonn<K'  river"  one  hundred  and  twenty-seven  souls. 
—  .1A».M.  //I'y/.  I'olt.  X.  III. 

IIIIU'II,  TlloMAM,  died  in  Philadelphia  Jan. 
II,  IN.')I,  aged  7'-')  nn  nrtist.  He  was  distin- 
guished for  landscape  and  marine  paiuthig,  de- 
lighting in  coast  and  river  scenes. 

BUICHAKI),  Solomon,  M.  1).,  nn  eminent 
physiciuu,  died  nt  BiUtimore  Nov.  .'JO,  1830,  ngcd 
77. 

BUM),  BoiiF.nTM,,  M,  1).,  di.  .1  nt  I'hiladel- 
phia  Jan.  23,  IHol,  ngcd  oO.  \lv  was  one  of  the 
editors  and  ]iropriel(irs  of  the  North  Amerienn  ; 
also  a  novel  writer,  author  of  Nick  of  the  Woods 
nnd  I'eter  I'ilgrim. 

BISHOl',  OKonrJE,  a  Quaker,  published  "  New 
England  judged,  not  by  nuiu's  but  by  the  Spirit 
of  the  Lord,  and  the  suninie  sealed  up  of  New 
England's  |)erseeutions,  being  a  brief  relation  of 
the  Nutrerings  of  the  (iuidicrs  in  that  part  of 
America  from  tlio  beginning  of  the  0th  m.  1030, 
to  the  end  of  the  lOth  m.  1000 :  wherein  the 
cruel  whi])pingH  and  scourging*,  bonds  and  im- 
prisonments, &c.,  burning  hi  the  hand  and  cutting 
off  of  enrs,  banishment  u])on  i)ain  of  death,  nnd 
putting  to  denth,  &c.,  nro  shortly  touched,  1001." 
He  gives  an  account  of  the  execution  of  Wm. 
Ilobinson,  Marmaduko  Stephenson,  Mnry  Dyer, 
nnd  William  Ledea,  for  returning  nfler  being 
bnnished  ns  Qunkers ;  such  wns  the  bloody  spirit 
of  jjcrsecution  in  men,  who  sought  liberty  of  con- 
science in  a  wilderness.  Among  the  bnnished 
was  Mary  Fisher,  who  travelled  ns  fnr  ns  Adrian- 
ople,  nnd  in  the  enmp  of  the  grand  vizier  delivered 
her  message  "  from  the  great  God  to  the  great 
Turk."  Hutchinson  remarks,  "  she  fared  better 
among  the  Turks,  than  among  the  Christians." — 
JIutch.  I.  180. 

BISHOP,  Ai)nAn.\Ji,  died  at  New  Haven  April 
28,  1844,  aged  81.  He  grnduntcd  in  1778.  He 
was  a  zealous  political  writer  on  the  democratic  or 
republican  side,  and  for  twenty  years  collector  of 
the  i)ort  of  New  Haven.  He  pubhshed  nn  oration, 
1800 ;  proofs  of  a  conspirncy,  1802. 

BISHOP,  Robert  II.,  D.  D.,  died  nt  College 
Hill,  Ohio,  April  29,  1855,  aged  78.  Bom  in 
Scotland,  he  grndunted  at  Edinburgh  in  1794. 
Coming  to  this  country  in  1801,  he  was  a  teacher 
and  i)rofes8or  in  various  seminaries,  and  president 
of  Miami  university.  At  liis  death  he  was  a  pro- 
fessor in  Farmer's  college. 

BISSELL,  Josuii,  a  generous  pliilanthropist, 
died  in  April,  1831,  ngcd  40.  He  was  the  son  of 
Deacon  Josiah  Bissell.  About  the  year  1814  or 
1815  he  was  one  of  a  number  of  young  men,  who 
removed  from  Pittsfield,  JIass.,  to  the  new  town 
of  Itochester,  N.  Y.  The  increase  in  the  value  of 
the  land,  which  he  had  purchased,  made  him  rich ; 
but  his  wealth  he  very  Uberally  employed  in  pro- 


DISSELI, 


nLACKSTONi; 


OS 


jU. 


motinn  thp  varioiw  Iwncvolcnt  oixrntiond  of  the  | 
cliiy.  llf  i'xi«'mlr(l  many  tlioiisun  U  of  (lolliirx. 
Wire  lii.t  cxiini|ili'  t'dllowcil  liy  llu' riTIi,  tin-  laci' 
of  the  worlil  would  hooii  Ik>  ri'iii-wi'd.  At  (^rcat 
cxpoiiHC  \w  will*  llio  |)rimiiiiil  iirimmtrr  of  tin- 
"I'iont'or"  lino  of  »itiiK<'i«,  w)  called,  whicii  did  not 
run  on  Sunday,  nnd  which  wuh  cstublislii'd  for  the 
dolu  purimsoof  |irL-vi'ntin({  the  dcNcrration  of  tliu 
holy  day.  llin  piety  was  ardent;  liisrouiM^je  un- 1 
«hukun  liy  the  ealumnioN  and  revilin^N  of  men  ' 
who  preferred  Kain  to  (jodliiiesn.  Ah  he  li;id  lived  I 
for  C'hriNt,  iio  died  in  the  triunijiliM  of  faith. 
When  told  that  he  would  soon  die,  he  Nniil,  "Why 
Miould  I  1)0  afraid  to  die?  The  J.ord  Iuuiwh  1 
have  loved  Iun  cauNO  more  than  all  things  else;  I 
have  wronged  no  man  )  I  poNNesN  no  man's  ^oods ; 
I  am  at  |)eacc  with  all  men ;  I  have  peace,  and 
trust,  and  contidencc )  1  oni  ready,  wiUiiifj,  yeu 
anxious  to  depart."  When  told  the  next  day  that 
ho  was  hotter,  ho  said,  "  I  desire  to  f{o :  my  (iice 
in  HOt."  "Tell  my  children  to  choose  the  Lord 
Jesus  Christ  for  their  portion,  and  to  nerve  him 
bettor  than  I  have  done.  Say  to  the  church, — p;o 
on  (gloriously.  Say  to  impenitent  sinners,  —  if 
they  wish  to  know  the  value  of  relifjiun,  look  ut  a 
dying  hod." 

DlSSELIi,  Emkuy,  Dr.,  died  in  Norwnlk  in 
1849,  ogcd  00  i  a  highly  respectable  physician. 

LIXUY,  Sf.s.VN,  the  wife  of  M.  II.  Jlixhy,  a 
Baplist  missionary  in  Maulmain,  liurmah,  died  at 
Lurlington,  Vt,  Aug.  18,  18o0,  ogcd  lilJ.  She 
went  out  to  Uurmah  hi  18J3.  She  believed,  that 
more  than  one  soul  was  won  by  her  to  God'H  ser- 
vice. 

BLACK,  John,  D.  D.,  died  in  Pittsburgh, 
Nov.,  1849,  aged  82 ;  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  P. 

BLACKUUIIN,  Samuel,  general,  died  in  Both 
county,  Va.,  March  2,  183<5,  a^od  77  ;  an  eminent 
lawyer  and  legislator.  By  his  will  he  liberated 
forty-six  slaves  and  provided  for  their  transporta- 
tion to  Liberia.  Did  ho  misjudge  in  tluuking  it 
an  act,  required  by  humanity  and  justice,  to  re- 
store freedom  to  his  slaves  ? 

BLACKBUIIN,  Gidkon,  D.  D.,  died  at  Car- 
linville.  111.,  Aug.  23,  1838,  an  eloquent  preacher 
for  forty  years.  lie  organized  some  of  the  first 
churches  in  the  west.  From  1803  to  1809  he 
was  for  part  of  each  year  a  missionary  to  the 
Cherokees,  establishing  a  school  at  llywassee,  un- 
der the  general  assembly.  He  also  set  up  a 
school  in  Tennessee  in  1800. 

BLACK  DOG,  cliief  of  the  Osagcs.died  JIarch 
24,  1848. 

BLACK  HAWK,  an  Lidian  chief,  died  Oct. 
3,  1838,  at  his  camp  on  the  river  Des  Moines, 
aged  73.  His  Indian  name  was  Muck-kcr-ta-me- 
6check-ker-kerk. 

BLACK  HOOF,  a  cliief  of  the  Shawancsc 
tribe  of  Indians,  died  at  Wapaghkonnettain  Sept., 
1831,  ogcd  114  years.    In  war  ho  had  been  a 


formidable  enemy,  though  the  latter  part  of  his 
wiirfaring  life  had  iM'eii  devoted  to  the  .\merieuti 
eauNi'.  Me  was  at  St.  Clair'n,  llaruier's,  and 
Crawford's  defeats,  and  perhajis  was  the  last  sur- 
vivor of  those  who  wore  concerned  in  llruddcK'k's 
defeat. 

ULACKMAX,  Adam,  tlrst  minister  of  Strut- 
ford,  Coini.,  was  a  preaeiier  in  Lie< cstershiro  and 
l)erli)>hire,  llnglaml.  Mr.  (iooduin  writes  the 
name  lUakeman.  .Mler  he  eame  to  this  country, 
he  iireaehed  a  short  lime  at  Seiluate,  and  then  ut 
Guilford  !  in  Hi  10  he  wajt  settled  at  Stratford, 
when!  he  died  in  1(10.).  His  sueeessors  were 
iNrael  Chauneey, Timothy  Cutler,  Ilezekiah  (iould, 
Israhiah  Wetmore,  an(l  .Mr.  Dutton,  afterwards 
professor  at  Yale.  Notwithstanding  his  name, 
Mather  represents  him  as  for  his  holiness  "  purer 
than  snow,  whiter  than  milk."  Wi[h  almost  the 
same  name  as  Melaneilion,  ho  was  a  Melunethon 
among  the  reformers  of  New  Haven,  iiut  with  less 
occasion  than  the  German,  to  com[)lain,  that  "old 
.\dain  was  too  hard  for  his  young  luunesukc." 
.Mr.  Hooker  so  much  admired  the  plainnohS  and 
simplicity  of  his  preoching,  that  he  said,  if  ho 
could  have  his  choice,  he  should  choose  to  live 
and  die  •  ik'r  his  ministry.  His  son,  Benjamin, 
n  graduate  of  Harvard  college  in  KiO.'l,  preached 
for  a  time  at  Maiden,  but  lelt  that  place  in  1078; 
and  afterwards  at  Scarl)orough :  in  |()S,'J  he  was  a 
reprcMontative  of  Saco,  in  which  town  he  was  a 
large  landholder,  and  owner  of  nil  the  mill  privi- 
leges on  the  east  side  of  the  river.  His  wile  died 
in  1715,  hi  Boston.  —  Maijnidia,  in.  04  i  Fol- 
som'n  Hist.  Saco,  104. 

BL.\CKMAN,  Eluvzkr,  died  at  Hanover,  Pa., 
Nov.  4,  1845,  aged  85;  a  respected  citizen,  the 
last  survivor  of  the  massacre  of  Wyoming. 

BLACKSTOXE,  William,  on  Episcopal  min- 
ister, and  the  first  inhabitant  of  Boston,  settled 
there  as  early  as  1025  or  1020 ;  and  there  he 
lived,  when  Gov.  Winthroj)  arrived  in  the  summer 
of  1030  at  Charlestown,  the  records  of  which 
place  say :  "  Mr.  Blockstono,  dwelling  on  tho 
other  side  of  Charles  river,  alone,  at  a  place  by 
the  Indians  called  Shawmut,  where  ho  only  had 
a  cottage,  at  or  not  far  off  the  place,  called  Black- 
stone's  point,  he  came  and  acquainted  the  gover- 
nor of  an  excellent  spring  there,  withal  inviting 
him  and  soliciting  him  thither ;  whereupon,  after 
the  death  of  Mr.  Johnson  and  divers  others,  the 
governor,  with  Mr.  Wilson,  and  the  greatest  part 
of  tho  church,  removed  thither."  Though  Mr. 
Blackstone  hod  first  occupied  the  peninsulo,  or 
Trimountain ;  yet  all  the  right  of  soil,  which  the 
charter  could  give,  was  held  by  the  governor  ond 
compony.  In  their  regard  to  equity  they  at  a 
court,  April  1,  1033,  agreed  to  give  him  fifty  acres 
near  his  house  in  Boston  to  enjoy  forever.  In 
1034  he  sold  the  company  tliis  estate,  probably 
for  thirty  pounds,  whicii  was  raised  by  an  assess- 


94 


BLAm. 


BLAIB. 


ment  of  six  shillings  or  more  on  each  inhabitant. 
With  the  proceeds  he  purchased  cattle,  and  re- 
moved, probably  in  1C3 j,  to  Pawtucket  river,  now 
bearing  his  name,  Blackstone  river,  a  few  miles 
north  of  I'rovidence,  near  the  southern  part  of 
the  town  of  Cumberland.  lie  was  married  July 
4,  1609,  to  widow  Sarah  Stejjhenson,  who  died 
June,  1073.  lie  died  May  26,  '675,  hanng  lived 
in  New  England  fifty  years.  His  residence  was 
a1x)ut  two  miles  north  of  Pawtucket,  on  the  east- 
ern bank  of  the  Blackstone  river,  and  within  a 
few  rods  of  Whipple's  bridge.  From  his  house 
a  long  <  extent  of  the  river  could  be  seen  to  the 
south.  The  cellar  and  well  are  at  this  day  recog- 
nized. A  small  round  eminence  west  of  his  house 
is  Called  Study  IIill,from  its  being  his  place  of  re- 
tirement for  study.  His  grave  near  his  house  was 
marked  by  a  large  romid  wliitc  stone.  —  Holmes, 
I,  377;  2  Vail.  Hist.  Soc,  X.  171;  i::.  174; 
Savage's  Winthrop,  I.  44;  Everett's  Address, 
Second  Cent.,  29. 

BLAIIl,  James,  first  president  of  William  and 
Mary  college,  Virginia,  and  a  learned  divine,  died 
Aug.  1,  1743,  ill  a  good  old  age.  He  was  bom 
and  educated  in  Scotland,  where  he  obtained  a 
benefice  in  the  Episcopal  church.  On  account  of 
the  unsettled  state  of  religion,  which  then  c.\isted 
in  that  kingdom,  he  quilted  his  preferments  and 
went  into  England  near  the  end  of  the  reign  of 
Charles  li.  The  bishop  of  London  prevailed  on 
him  to  go  .0  Virginia,  as  a  missionary,  about  the 
year  168o ;  and  in  that  colony  by  his  exemplary 
conduct  and  unwearied  labors  in  the  work  of  the 
ministry  he  much  promoted  religion,  and  gained 
to  himself  esteem  and  reputation.  In  1689  he 
was  appointed  by  the  bishop,  ecclesiastical  commis- 
sary, the  liighest  office  in  the  church  which  could 
be  given  him  in  the  province.  This  appointment, 
however,  did  not  induce  liim  to  reUnquish  the  pas- 
toral office,  for  it  was  his  delight  to  preach  the 
gospel  of  salvation. 

Perceivuig  that  the  want  of  schools  and  semi- 
naries for  Uterary  and  religious  instruction  would 
in  a  great  degree  defeat  the  exertions,  which  were 
making  in  order  to  propagate  the  gospel,  be 
formed  the  design  of  establishing  a  college  at 
Williamsburg.  For  tliis  purpose  he  solicited 
benefactions  in  tliis  country,  and  by  direction  of 
the  assembly  made  a  voyage  to  England  in  1091 
to  obtain  the  patronage  of  the  government.  A 
charter  was  procured  in  tliis  year  with  Uberal  en- 
dowments, and  he  was  named  in  it  as  the  first 
president ;  but  it  does  not  appear  that  he  entered 
on  the  duties  of  his  office  before  the  year  1729, 
from  wliich  period  till  1742  he  discharged  them 
with  faithfulness.  The  college  however  did  not 
flourish  very  greatly  during  his  presidency,  nor 
for  many  years  afterwards.  The  wealthy  fanners 
were  in  the  habit  of  sciuling  their  sons  to  Europe 
for  their  education.    After  a  life  of  near  sixty 


years  in  the  ministry,  he  died,  and  wert  to  enjoy 
the  glory  for  which  he  was  destined.  Mr.  Blair 
was  for  some  time  president  of  the  council  of  the 
colony,  and  rector  of  Williamsburg.  He  was  a 
faithful  laborer  in  the  vineyard  of  his  Master,  and 
an  ornament  to  his  profession  and  to  the  several 
offices,  which  he  sustained.  He  published  :  our 
Sa\°iour's  di\'ine  sermon  on  the  mount,  in  divers 
sermons  and  discourses,  4  vol.  8vo.,  London, 
1742.  This  work  is  s])okcn  of  with  high  apjiro- 
bation  by  Dr.  Doddridge,  and  by  Dr.  Williams  in 
his  Christian  preacher.  —  Introduction  to  the 
above  tcork;  Miller's  Jietr.,  u.  335,336;  New 
and  Oen.  Diog.  Diet. ;  Burnet's  Hist,  own  times, 
II.  129,  120. 

BLAIIt,  Samuel,  a  learned  minister  in  Penn- 
sylvania, died  about  1751.  He  was  a  native  of 
Ireland.  He  came  to  America  very  early  in  life, 
and  was  one  of  Mr.  Tennent's  pu])ils  in  his  acad- 
emy at  Neshaminy.  About  the  year  1745  he 
himself  opened  an  academy  at  Fog's  manor, 
Chester  county,  with  jiarticular  reference  to  the 
study  of  theology  as  a  science.  He  also  took 
the  pastoral  charge  of  the  church  in  that  place ; 
but  such  was  his  zeal  to  do  good,  that  he  did  not 
confine  himself  to  his  own  society,  but  often  dis- 
pensed the  precious  truths  of  heaven  to  destitute 
congregations.  His  brother  succeeded  him  in  the 
care  of  the  church. 

Mr.  Blair  was  one  of  the  most  learned  and  able, 
as  well  as  pious,  excellent,  and  venerable  men  of 
his  day.  He  was  a  profound  divine  and  a  most 
solemn  and  impressive  preacher.  To  his  pupils 
he  was  himself  an  excellent  model  of  jjulpit  elo- 
quence. In  his  life  he  gave  them  nn  admirable 
example  of  Christian  meekness,  of  ministerial 
diligence,  of  candor,  and  Catholicism,  without  a 
dereliction  of  principle.  He  was  eminently  ser- 
viceable to  the  part  of  the  country  where  he  lived, 
not  only  as  a  minister  of  the  gospel,  but  as  a 
teacher  of  human  knowledge.  From  his  acad- 
emy, that  school  of  the  prophets,  as  it  was  fre- 
quently called,,*here  issued  forth  many  excellent 
pupils,  who  did  honor  to  their  instructor,  both  as 
scholars  and  Christian  ministers.  Among  the 
distinguished  characters,  who  received  their  classi- 
cal and  theological  education  at  this  seminary, 
were  his  nephew,  Alexander  Cummiiig,  Samuel 
Daviesj  Dr.  Rodgers  of  New  York,  and  James 
Finley,  Hugh  Henry,  and  a  number  of  other  re- 
spectable clergymen.  Mr.  Da\ies,  after  being 
informed  of  his  sickness,  wrote  respecting  him 
to  a  friend  the  following  lines :  ,. 

"  0,  had  you  not  the  mournftil  news  dlvulg'd, 
My  mind  hud  otill  the  plcaMng  dream  indul^'d, 
Still  fancied  Blair  with  hoaltli  and  vigor  kless'd, 
With  Fonie  grand  piirpoiie  lab'ring  in  his  br«a«t,        ., 
In  studious  thought  pursuing  truth  divine ;  * 

Till  the  ftill  demonstnition  round  him  sliiiie; 
Or  flrom  the  sacred  desk  proclaiming  loud 
His  matter's  message  to  the  attoutive  crowd. 


BLAIR. 


BLAIR. 


95 


WhIlB  hmiTenly  truth  with  hriitht  ponTletlon  Bl«re«, 
And  oowiinl  error  Hlirliiks  iiiiil  ilimippcnr*, 
While  ((iilrk  rcninrao  thn  himl.v  hinncr  fiflB, 
And  Calvary's  biiliii  tho  bliivJliig  conwluiicB  hcnl»."' 

lie  published  aiiimutlvcrsions  on  the  reasons  of 
A.  Cri'Uf^heatl  for  quitting  the  I'reshyterian  clmrcli, 
1742;  a  narrative  of  a  revival  of  relifjion  in  sev- 
eral jjarts  of  Pennsylvania,  1744.  —  Millcr'n  Udr. 
II.  343 ;  Mass.  Miss.  Magazine,  ill.  3()3  ;  Jht- 
vies'  Life. 

BLAIR,  John,  an  eminent  minister  in  Penn- 
sylvania, was  ordained  to  the  pastoral  charge  of 
three  congregations  in  Cumberland  county  as 
early  as  1742.  These  were  frontier  settlements 
and  exposed  to  dejjredations  in  the  Indian  wars, 


in  defence  of  important  truths.  —  Ecang.  Tntdlig. 
I.  241-244. 

BLAI1{,  Samiki.,  minister  of  Boston,  the  hon 
of  Rev.  Sunuiel  Blair,  died  Sei)t.  24,  1818,  aged 
77.  He  was  born  at  Tog's  manor  in  1741. 
After  being  graduated  at  the  college  of  New 
Jersey  in  17G(),  he  was  a  tutor  in  that  seminary. 
lie  was  settled  as  colleague  with  Dr.  Sewall  over 
the  old  south  church  in  Boston  Nov.  2(!,  17(J6. 
He  had  been  j)reviously  ordained  as  a  Presbyte- 
rian. In  tho  next  year  he  was  chosen  ])rcsident 
of  the  college  in  New  Jersey,  as  successor  of 
rinky,  but  he  declined  the  a])pointment,  in  con- 
feiiu'-'iice  of  the  ascertained  willingness  of  Dr. 
Withers])oon  to  accept  the  place,  which  at  first 


and  he  was  obliged  to  remove.     lie  accei)ted  a  I  he   had  rejected.     By  reason   of  ill  health   and 
call  from  Fog's  manor  in  Chester  county, in  \1oi. !  some  difficulty  respecting  the  half-way  covenant, 


This  congregation  had  been  favored  with  the 
ministry  of  his  brother,  Samuel  Blair ;  and  here 
he  continued  about  nine  years,  besides  discharging 
the  duties  of  the  ministry,  sui)erintending  also  a 
flourishing  grammar  school,  and  ijrejjaring  many 
young  men  for  the  ministry.  When  the  presi- 
dency of  New  Jersey  college  became  vacant,  he 
was  cho'  en  tfofessor  of  divinity  and  had  for  some 
time  the  charge  of  that  seminary  before  tho  arri- 
val of  Dr.  Witherspoon.  After  this  event  he  set- 
tled at  Walliill  in  the  State  of  New  York.  Here 
he  labored  a  while  with  his  usual  foithlulncss,  and 
finished  his  earthly  coiu:se  Dec.  8,  1771,  aged 
about  51  years. 

He  was  a  judicious  and  persuasive  preacher, 
and  through  his  exertions  sinners  were  converted 
ond  the  cliildren  of  God  edified.  Fully  convinced 
of  the  doctrines  of  grace,  he  addressed  immortal 
souls  with  that  warmth  and  power,  which  left  a 
witness  in  every  bosom.  Though  he  sometimes 
wrote  his  sermons  in  full,  yet  his  common  mode 
of  preaching  was  by  short  notes,  comprising  the 
general  outlines.  His  labors  were  too  abundant 
to  admit  of  more ;  and  no  more  was  necessary  to 
a  mind  so  richly  stored,  and  so  constantly  im- 
pressed with  the  great  truths  of  religion.  For 
his  large  family  he  had  amassed  no  fortune,  but 
he  left  them  what  was  infinitely  better,  a  religious 
education,  a  holy  example,  and  jjrayers,  which 
have  been  remarkably  answered, — His  disposition 
was  uncommonly  patient,  placid,  benevolent,  dis- 
interested, and  cheerful.  lie  was  too  mild  to 
indulge  bitterness  or  severity,  and  he  thought  that 
truth  required  little  else  than  to  be  faii-ly  stated 
and  properly  understood.  Those,  who  could  not 
relish  the  savor  of  his  piety,  loved  him  as  an 
amiable,  and  revered  him  as  a  great  man.  In  his 
last  sickness  he  imparted  his  advice  to  tho  con- 
gregation, and  represented  to  his  family  the 
necessity  of  an  interest  in  Christ.  A  few  nights 
before  he  died  he  said,  "Directly  I  am  going 
to  glory.  My  Master  calls  me ;  I  must  bo  gone." 
He  published  a  few  occasional  sermons  and  tracts 


!Mr,  Blair  was  dismissed  Oct.  10, 1709.  He  never 
resumed  a  j)astorul  charge.  During  the  last 
years  of  his  life  he  resided  at  Germantown,  where 
lie  died  suddenly.  He  was  succeeded  by  Mr. 
Bacon  and  Mr.  Hunt.  Distinguished  for  talents 
and  learning,  he  was  in  preaching,  with  a  feeble 
voice,  a  master  of  the  touching  and  pathetic.  He 
married  in  1769  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Shippen,  the 
elder,  of  Philadelphia:  his  daughter  married 
Charles  Pierce.  He  published  an  oration  on  the 
death  of  George  II.,  170 1. —  Wisner's  Hist.  0.  S. 
Clmrcli,  31;  CreeiCs  Discourses,  ^\i2,W6. 

BLAIR,  John,  one  of  the  associate  judges  of 
the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States,  died  at 
Williamsburg  in  Virginia  August  31,  1800,  aged 
68.  lie  was  a  judge  of  the*  court  of  ap])eals  in 
Virginia  in  17^7,  at  which  time  the  legislature 
of  that  State,  tinding  the  judiciary  system  incon- 
venient, established  circuit  courts,  the  duties  of 
which  they  directed  the  judges  of  the  court  of 
appeals  tc  perform.  These  judges,  among  whose 
names  an-  those  of  Blair,  Pendleton,  mid  Wythe, 
remonstrated  and  declared  the  act  unconstitu- 
tional. In  the  same  year,  he  was  a  member  of 
the  general  convention,  which  formed  the  con- 
stitution of  the  United  States.  To  that  instrument 
the  names  of  Blair  and  Madison  are  affixed  as 
the  deputies  from  Virginia.  In  September,  1789, 
when  the  government,  which  he  had  assisted  in 
establisliing,  had  commenced  its  operation,  he 
was  appointed  by  Washington  an  associate  judge 
of  the  supreme  court,  of  which  John  Jay  was 
chief  justice.  He  was  an  amiable,  accomj)lishcd, 
and  truly  virtuous  man.  He  discharged  with 
obility  and  integrity  the  duties  of  a  number  of 
the  highest  and  most  important  public  trusts ; 
and  hi  these,  as  well  as  in  the  relations  of  private 
life,  his  conduct  was  upright,  and  so  blameless, 
that  he  seldom  or  never  lost  a  friciul  or  made 
an  enemy.  Through  life  he  in  a  remorkable 
manner  experienced  the  truth  of  our  Saviour's 
declaration,  "  Blessed  are  the  meek,  for  they  shall 
inherit  the  earth;"  and  at  death  he   illustrated 


96 


BLAKE. 


BLANC. 


the  force  of  the  cxclomation,  "Let  mo  die  the 
death  of  the  righteous,  and  let  my  last  end  be 
like  h\ii."—Clnypoole'.i  Adv.,  Sept.  12,  1800; 
MarshaU,\:  216. 

BLAKE,  Joseph,  ffovemor  of  South  Carolina, 
was  a  proprietary  and  a  nephew  of  the  famous 
Admiral  lUake.  lie  succeeded  Gov.  Thomas  Smith 
in  1G94,  and  Archdale  in  100(3,  and  was  himself 
Bucceeded  hy  James  iVIoore  in  !"()((.  During 
Blake's  administration  a  set  of  forty-one  articles, 
called  "  the  last  ftmdamental  constitutions,"  was 
sent  from  England  by  the  Vav\  of  Bath,  the  pala- 
tine, and  other  patentees ;  but  the  change  in  the 
government  was  never  confirmed  by  the  Carolina 
assembly.  Mr.  Blake  died  in  1700.  Although 
a  dissenter,  yet  with  a  highly  honorable  spirit  of 
liberaUty  he  prevailed  on  the  assembly  to  settle 
on  the  Episcojjal  minister  of  Charleston  loO 
pounds  a  year,  and  to  furnish  him  with  a  house, 
glebe,  and  two  servants.  A  very  difterent,  an  in- 
tolerant and  ])ersecuting  sjjirit  was  manifested 
towards  the  dissenters  ii;  the  subsequent  admin- 
istration of  Johnson.  —  Univ.  Hist.  XL.  427. 

BLAKE,  James,  a  preacher,  died  Nov.  17, 
1771,  aged  21.  lie  was  a  native  of  Dorchester, 
and  was  graduated  at  Harvard  in  17G9.  In  col- 
lege he  was  distinguished  by  the  sweetness  of 
his  temper  and  the  purity  of  his  morals.  He 
conciliated  the  love  of  his  fellow  students,  and 
the  high  approbation  of  his  instructors.  After 
pursuing  for  some  time  his  theological  studies 
under  the  care  of  Mr.  Smith  of  Weymouth,  he 
began  with  reluctance  at  a  very  early  jieriod  the 
important  work  of  the  ministry.  A  small  volume 
of  his  sermons,  which  was  published  by  his  friends 
after  his  death,  displays  a  strength  of  mind  and 
a  knowledge  of  theoretical  and  practical  divinity 
very  uncommon  in  a  person  so  young.  His  ner- 
mons  also  indicate  a  warmth  of  pious  feeling, 
honorable  to  his  character.  —  Pre/,  to  his  ti(rm. 
Coll.  Hist.  Soc.  IX.  189. 

BLAICE,  Geougk,  died  at  Boston  Oct.  C,  1841, 
aged  73.  A  graduate  of  1789,  he  was  a  lawyer 
of  eminence,  and  United  States  attorney  for  Mas- 
sachusetts. He  pubhshed  an  oration  at  Boston 
July  4,  1795  J  masonic  eulogy  on  Washington, 
1800. 

BLAKE,  Fk.\ncis,  brother  of  the  preceding, 
a  graduate  of  1789,  died  at  Worcester  in  1817. 
He  published  orations,  1790  and  1812,  and  exam- 
ination of  embargo  laws,  1808. 

BLAICE,  John,  general,  died  in  Bangor  Jan. 
21,  1842,  aged  89;  — a  soldier  of  the  Uevolution. 

BL/VIvE,  Caleb,  minister  of  Westford  forty- 
five  years,  died  May  11,  1847,  aged  85.  He  was 
a  graduate  of  Harvard  in  1784.  He  published 
a  sermon  before  a  charitable  society,  1815. 

BLAKE,  ELE.\ZAn,  deacon,  died  in  Ilindge  in 
Oct.,  1852,  aged  95.     He  was  in  the  battle  of 


Lexington  with  the  militia  from  Wrentham,  and 
served  in  the  war. 

BLAKE,  James,  died  at  Dorchester  May  22, 
1753,  aged  05 ;  the  author  of  annals  of  Dor- 
chester. 

BLAKE,  TnoMAS  Dawes,  doctor,  died  in  Farm- 
ington.  Me.,  Nov.  20,  1849,  aged  81,  an  eminent 
physician.     He  was  a  native  of  Boston. 

BLAKPXEY,  Johnston,  a  captain  in  the  navy, 
was  bom  in  Ireland  in  1781.  After  his  father's 
removal  to  Wilmington,  N.  C,  he  passed  a  few 
years  in  the  university  of  that  State.  In  the  year 
1800  he  obtained  a  midshipmon's  warrant.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  command  of  the  Wasp,  in  1814 
he  captured  and  burnt  the  Reindeer,  after  an 
action  of  nineteen  minutes,  with  the  loss  of  twenty- 
one  men  J  the  enemy  lost  sixty-seven.  In  an 
action  Sept.  1,  1814,  the  Avon  struck  to  him, 
though  the  approach  of  other  vessels  prevented 
his  taking  possession  of  her.  The  last  account 
of  the  Wasp  is,  that  she  was  sjjoken  off  the  West- 
ern Isles.  In  what  manner  Blakoley  died  is, 
therefore,  not  known.  His  wife  and  an  infant 
daughter  survived.  The  legislature  of  North 
Carolina  passed  the  resolution  that  this  child  "  be 
educated  at  the  expense  of  the  State." 

BLAKEMAN,  Adam,  first  minister  of  Strat- 
ford, died  in  1CC5.  His  son  Benjamin,  a  graduate 
of  Harvard  in  1663,  was  a  preacher  at  Maiden. 
The  catalogue  has  the  name  Blackman. 

BLANC,  Vincent  Le,  a  traveller  in  Asia,  Af- 
rica, and  America,  from  the  age  of  twelve  to  sixty, 
gives  an  account  of  Canada  in  his  book,  entitled, 
"  Les  Voyages  fameux,  &c.,"  1048.  Though  his 
narrative  is  in  some  respects  valuable,  yet  it  is 
confused,  with  little  regard  to  dates,  and  tolerant 
towards  fables.  The  author  speaks  of  the  giant 
stature  of  the  Indians.  —  Charlevoix,  i.  4. 

BLANC,  Je.vn  Le,  chief  of  the  Outaouais,  or 
Ottaway  Indians,  —  called  Le  Blanc,  because  liis 
mother  was  as  white  as  a  French  woman,  —  was 
a  chief  of  talents,  and  difiicult  to  be  won  by  the 
governor.  He  rescued  the  Father  Constantin, 
who  had  fallen  into  the  hands  of  the  Indians. 
In  1707  he  ajjpeared  before  the  governor  at  ^lont- 
real  and  excused  his  tribe  for  some  disorders. 
Tliis  chief,  whom  Charlevoix  denominates  a  bad 
Christian  and  a  great  drunkard,  was  asked  by 
Frontenac,  of  what  he  supposed  the  water  of 
life,  or  rum,  for  which  he  was  so  greedy,  was 
composed;  he  replied,  —  "It  is  an  extract  of 
tongues  and  hearts  ;  for  when  I  have  been  drink- 
ing it,  I  fear  nothing  and  talk  marvellously." 
He  might  have  added,  —  "  It  is  the  essence  of  folly 
and  madness ;  for  when  I  have  swallowed  it,  I 
play  the  part  of  a  fool  and  a  madman."  Yet  the 
governor,  De  Callieres,  was  very  careful  never  to 
send  away  a  chief  until  after  "regaling"  him. 
Thus,  from  policy  and  covetousness,  have  drunk- 


DLAND. 


BLEECKER. 


97 


or 

liis 

was 

the 

antin, 

lians. 


bad 

I  by 
3r  of 


,slv." 
folly 

it,  I 
tthe 
er  to 

him. 
runk- 


ards  had  the  poison  dealt  out  to  them  from  age 
to  affc.  —  C/iarlernix,  II.  '-'74,  311;  III.  306. 

IJliANI),  lllciuiiD,  a  political  writer,  died  in 
1778.  He  wus  for  some  years  a  principal  mem- 
ber of  the  house  of  bur}?esscs  in  Virfjinia.  In 
1708  he  was  one  of  the  committee  to  remonstrate 
■with  parliament  on  the  subject  of  taxation;  in 
17";)  one  of  the  committee  of  correspondence ; 
in  1774  a  delegate  to  Congress,  lie  was  again 
chosen  a  deputy  to  Congi'css  Aug.  12,  177o ;  in 
returning  thanks  for  this  a])pointmcnt  he  sjiokc 
of  himself  as  "  an  old  man,  almost  deprived  of 
sight,  whose  great  ambition  had  ever  Ijccn  to 
receive  the  plaudit  of  his  country,  whenever  he 
should  retire  from  the  public  stage  of  life."  The 
honor,  which  cometh  from  God,  would  have  been 
a  higher  aim.  Though  he  declined  the  appoint- 
ment from  old  age,  he  declared  he  should  ever 
be  animated  "  to  support  the  glorious  cause,  in 
which  America  was  engaged."  Francis  L.  Lee 
was  appointed  in  his  place.  Mr.  Wirt  speaks 
of  him  as  "  one  of  the  most  enlightened  men  in 
the  colony ;  a  man  of  finished  education  and  of 
the  most  unbending  habits  of  application.  His 
perfect  mastery  of  every  fact  connected  with  the 
settlement  and  progress  of  the  colony  had  given 
him  the  name  of  the  Virgmia  antiquary.  He  was 
a  politician  of  the  first  class,  a  profound  logician, 
and  was  also  considered  as  the  first  writer  in  the 
colony."  He  published  in  1766  an  inquiry  into 
the  rights  of  the  British  colonies,  in  answer  to  a 
pamphlet  published  in  London  in  the  preceding 
year,  entitled,  regulations  lately  made  concerning 
the  colonies,  and  taxes  imposed  on  them,  consid- 
ered. This  was  one  of  the  three  productions  of 
Virginia  during  the  controversy  with  Great  Britain ; 
the  other  writers  were  Arthur  Lee  and  Jcfierson. 
He  wrote  also  in  1758  on  the  controversy  between 
the  clergy  and  the  assembly  concerning  the  to- 
bacco tax  for  the  support  of  the  clergy.  —  Jeffer- 
son's Notes,  qu.  23 ;  WirVs  Life  of  Henry,  46. 

BLAND,  Theodomc,  a  worthy  patriot  and 
statesman,  died  at  New  York  while  attending  con- 
gress, June  1,  1790,  aged  48.  He  was  a  native 
of  Virginia,  and  descended  from  an  ancient  and 
respectable  family.  He  was  bred  to  the  science 
of  physic ;  but  upon  the  commencement  of  the 
American  war  he  quitted  the  practice,  and  took 
an  active  part  in  the  cause  of  liis  country.  He 
soon  rose  to  the  rank  of  colonel,  and  had  the 
command  of  a  regiment  of  dragoons.  Wliile  in 
the  army  he  frequently  signalized  liimself  by  bril- 
liant actions.  In  the  year  1780  he  was  electetl 
to  a  seat  in  congress.  He  continued  in  that  body 
three  years,  the  time  allowed  by  the  confedera- 
tion. After  the  expiration  of  this  term  he  again 
returned  to  Virginia,  and  was  chosen  a  member 
of  the  State  legislature.  He  opposed  the  adop- 
tion of  the  constitution,  believing  it  to  be  repugnant 
to  the  interests  of  his  country,  and  was  in  the 


minority  that  voted  against  its  ratification.  But, 
when  it  was  at  length  adopted,  he  submitted  to 
the  voice  of  the  majority,  lie  was  chosen  to  rep- 
resent the  district  in  which  he  lived,  in  the  first 
congress  under  the  constitution.  When  the  sul)- 
ject  of  the  assumption  of  the  State  debts  was 
debated  in  March,  1790,  he  made  a  speech  in 
favor  of  the  assumption,  diflcring  in  respect  to 
this  measure  from  all  his  colleagues.  In  this 
speech  he  cxjircssed  his  attachment  to  the  con- 
stitution as  amended,  though  he  wished  for  more  ^ 
amendments,  and  declared  liis  dread  of  silent 
mojorities  on  questions  of  great  and  general  con- 
cern. He  was  honest,  open,  candid;  and  liis 
conduct  was  f;uch  in  his  intercourse  with  mankind, 
as  to  secure  universal  respect.  Though  a  legis- 
lator, he  was  not  destitute  of  a  genius  for  poetry. 
—  Gazette  of  the  U.  S.,  April  17  and  June  5, 
1790. 

BLAND,  TiiEODORiC,  died  at  Annapolis  Nov. 
16,  1846,  aged  69.  For  twenty-two  years  he  was 
chancellor  of  Maryland. 

BLATCHFORD,  Samuel,  D.  D.,  minister  of 
Lansingburg,  N.  Y.,  died  March  17,  1828,  aged 
60.  He  was  a  native  of  Plymouth,  England, 
where  he  was  educated  and  became  a  dissenting 
minister.  In  1790  he  emigrated  to  the  United 
States :  after  a  residence  of  one  year  at  Bedtbrd, 
Westchester  county,  he  succeeded  Dr.  Dvright 
at  Greenfield ;  subsequently  he  was  the  minister 
at  Bridgeport,  whence  he  was  invited  to  Lansing- 
burg in  1804.  —  His  son,  Henry  Blatchford,  who 
had  been  pastor  of  the  Branch  church,  Salem, 
Mass.,  mid  thence  removed  to  Lansingburg,  died 
in  Maryland  Sept.,  1822,  aged  34.— Dr.  Blotch- 
ford  was  a  souid  scholar  and  theologian,  and  as 
a  pastor  kind,  persuasive,  and  often  eloquent  in 
his  manner.  He  was  endeared  to  his  acquaint- 
ance by  his  estimable  virtues  and  his  Christian 
graces. 

BLATCHFORD,  John,  D.  D.,  the  son  of  the 
preceding,  died  at  the  bouse  of  his  8on-in-!aw,  M. 
Collins,  in  St.  Louis,  Apr.'l  8,  1855,  aged  56.  He 
was  for  some  years  the  minister  of  tbo  Presbyte- 
rian church  in  Chicago.  Hi?  last  residence  was 
at  Quincy,  Illinois. 

BLAUVELT,  Isaac,  a  minister,  died  in  New 
Rochcllc  April,  1841,  aged  90,  in  the  peace  and 
hope  of  the  gospel. 

BLEDSOE,  Jesse,  died  in  Kentucky  June  30, 
1837.  He  may  be  held  up  as  a  beacon  and  a 
warning  to  others.  A  lawyer,  a  senator  of  the 
United  States  in  1813,  professor  of  law  in  the 
university,  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of 
Kentucky ;  of  talents,  eloquence,  and  unequalled 
influence  for  a  time,  he  yet  in  consequence  of 
intemperance  became  a  miserable  outcast  and 
wanderer. 

BLEECKER,  Ann  Elba,  a  lady  of  some  liter- 
ary celebrity  in  New  York,  died  Nov.  23, 1783, 


98 


BLEECKER. 


BLISS. 


aged  31.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Brandt 
Schuyler,  and  was  born  in  October,  1752.  From 
early  life  8hc  was  ]ms!«ionatcly  fond  of  books.  In 
17C0  she  was  married  to  John  I.  Blecckcr,  Esq., 
of  New  Itochellc,  and  removed  to  I'ouglikcepKie, 
and  shortly  attcmards  to  Tomhanic,  a  beautiful, 
solitary  village,  eighteen  miles  above  Albany, 
where  she  lived  a  number  of  years  in  great  tran- 
quillity and  hapjiinesH.  But  the  ap])roach  of  Bur- 
goync's  army  in  1777  drove  her  from  her  retreat 
in  circumstances  of  terror.  She  fled  on  foot  with 
her  two  little  daughters,  and  obtained  shelter  for 
the  night  at  Stone  Arabia.  In  a  few  days  she 
lost  the  youngest  of  her  children.  This  afHiction 
cast  a  gloom  over  her  mind ;  and  possessing  an 
excessive  sensibility,  though  not  unacquainted 
with  religious  consolations,  she  was  unable  to  suj)- 
port  the  weight  of  her  troubles.  After  the  peace 
she  revisited  New  York  to  awaken  afresh  the 
scenes  of  her  childhood  j  but  the  dispersion  of 
her  friends,  and  the  desolation,  which  everywhere 
presented  itself  to  her  sight,  overwhelmed  her. 
She  returned  to  her  cottage,  where  she  died.  She 
was  the  friend  of  the  aged  and  infirm,  and  her 
kindness  and  benevolence  to  the  poor  of  the  vil- 
lage, where  she  lived,  caused  her  death  to  be  deeply 
lamented.  After  her  death,  some  of  her  writings 
were  collected  and  published,  in  1793,  under 
the  title  of  the  posthumous  works  of  Ann  Eliza 
Bleecker,  in  prose  and  verse.  To  this  work  are 
prefixed  rtcmoirs  of  her  life,  written  by  her 
daughter,  Margaretta  V.  Faugeres.  There  is 
also  added  to  the  volume  a  collection  of  Mrs. 
Faugeres'  essays.  —  Hardie's  Biog.  Diet. ;  Spec. 
Amer.  Poetry,!.  211-220. 

BLEECKER,  Anthont,  a  poet,  was  bom  about 
the  year  1778  and  educated  at  Columbia  college 
in  the  city  of  New  York.  The  circumstances  of 
his  family  constrained  him  to  study  law,  though 
he  never  succeeded  as  an  advocate  in  consequence 
of  an  unconquerable  diffidence,  a  somewhat  rare 
failing  in  a  lawyer.  Yet  was  he  respected  in  his 
profession  for  his  learning  and  integrity.  After 
a  short  illness  he  died  in  the  spring  of  1827, 
aged  49  years.  For  thirty  years  the  periodical 
literature  of  New  York  and  Pliiladelphia  was 
constantly  indebted  to  his  fancy  and  good  taste. 
—  Spec.  Amer.  Poetry,  II.  381-386. 

BLEECKER,  IIarmanus,  died  in  Albany  in 
July,  1849,  aged  70.  lie  was  the  son  of  Jacob 
B.,  a  respected  merchant,  and  a  descendant  of 
John  Jansen  B.  As  a  lawyer  he  was  associated 
with  Theodore  Sedgwick.  As  a  member  of  con- 
gress he  opposed  the  war  of  1812.  Mr.  Van 
Buren  appointed  him  minister  to  Holland.  With 
the  Dutch  language  he  was  perfectly  acquainted  j 
in  HoUaiid  he  married  a  Dutch  lady  of  beauty 
and  accomi)lishmcnts.  lie  was  himself  of  pleas- 
ing manners  and  great  dignity:  and  he  had  a 
deep  sense  of  justice  and  an  unfailing  regard  to  it. 


BLENNERIL\SSETT,  IIarman,  died  in  the 
ifilaudof  Guernsey,  in  18;)1,  aged  (t.'i.  His  widow, 
Margaret,  died  in  New  York  in  utter  poverty  in 
1842.  lie  was  an  Englishman  of  wealth  and 
well  educated,  who  came  to  Marietta  in  1797. 
lie  bought  a  plantation  of  one  hundred  and  seventy 
acres  on  a  bcautiiul  island  in  the  Ohio,  fourteen 
miles  below  the  Muskingum,  in  Virginia,  now 
known  by  his  name.  His  mansion  and  improve- 
ments cost  40,000  dollars.  Ho  was  a  man  of 
science  and  taste,  and  his  wife  was  most  beautiful 
and  accomplished,  skilled  in  French  and  Italian. 
His  home  was  a  scene  of  enchantment  But  now, 
in  1800,  came  the  destroyer,  Aaron  Burr,  and 
persuaded  hun  to  engage  in  his  projects.  In  con- 
sequence he  fled  from  the  island;  was  tried  for 
treason ;  and  had  heavy  debts  to  pay,  contracted 
for  Burr.  He  next  lived  ten  years  in  Mississippi,  \. 
and  thence  removed  to  Montreal  and  England. 
Dr.  Ilildreth  has  published  the  Deserted  Isle, 
being  verses  written  by  his  wife.  He  thinks  the 
unhappy  man  was  an  Infidel,  and  "  lacked  one  thing, 
without  which  no  man  can  be  happy :  a  firm  be- 
lief in  the  overruling  providence  of  God." — 
Hildreilt's  Biog.  Memoirs. 

BLINMAN,  Richard,  first  minister  of  New 
London,  Connecticut,  was  a  native  of  Great  Britain, 
and  was  minister  at  Chepstow  in  Monmouthshire. 
On  his  arrival  in  this  country  in  1642  it  was  his 
intention  to  settle  with  his  friends,-  who  accom- 
panied him,  at  Green's  harbor,  or  Morshfield,  near 
Plymouth.  But  some  difficulty  arising  in  that 
place,  he  removed  to  Cape  Ann,  which  the  general 
court  in  the  yeai*  above  mentioned  established  a 
plantation  and  called  Gloucester.  He  removed 
to  New  London  in  1648.  Here  he  continued  in 
the  ministry  about  ten  years,  and  was  then  suc- 
ceeded by  Gershom  Bulkley.  In  1658  he  removed 
to  New  Haven,  and  after  a  short  stay  in  that 
town  returned  to  England.  On  his  way  he  stop- 
ped in  1659  at  Newfoundland,  where  he  declined 
to  settle.  Johnson  wrote  his  name  Blindmanj 
Trumbull,  Blynman.  —  Having  lived  to  a  good 
old  age,  he  hapjuly  concluded  at  the  city  of  Bris- 
tol a  life  spent  in  doing  good.  A  short  time  be- 
fore his  death  he  published  in  answer  to  Sir. 
Danvcrs  a  book  entitled,  an  essay  tending  to  issue 
the  controversy  about  infant  baptism,  ISmc,  1674.  », 
—  Nonconform.  Memor.  HI.  177;  CoU.  Hist.  Soc. 
IX.  39 ;  Savage's  Winthrop,  n.  64 ;  TrumbulVg 
Conn.  I.  293, 'aiO,  314,  522. 

BLISS,  James  C,  M.  D.,  died  in  New  York 
Jidy  31,  1855,  aged  64.  Bom  in  Bennington,  he 
graduated  at  the  college  of  physicians  in  New 
York  in  1815,  and  then  commenced  his  practice 
of  forty  years.  As  a  physician  and  Christian  he 
was  eminent ;  in  the  families  of  ministers  and  of 
the  poor  his  services  were  gratuitous.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  south  Dutch  church,  then  an  elder 
in  the  Bleecker  street  church.    He  joined  the 


BLISS. 


BOARPMAX. 


09 


youn{»  men's  missionary  society ;  was  correspond- 
ing socretarj-  of  the  New  York  religious  tract 
society,  for  which  he  i)rei)arc(l  in  one  year  seventy- 
five  religious  tracts  ;  and  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  American  trati  society,  and  one  of  the 
executive  committee,  most  diligent  for  thirty  years. 
Ilis  last  tear  fell  in  hearing  his  daughter  repeat 
the  text,  "Eye  hath  not  seen,  nor  car  heard," 
S:c.  —  N.  Y.  Obsener,Aug.  IG,  1855. 

BLISS,  John,  colonel,  an  officer  of  the  Revo- 
lution, died  in  Sjmngfield  in  1804,  descended  from 
Thomas  Bliss  of  Hartford,  who  died  in  1G40,  and 
from  Nathaniel  of  Springfield. — He  was  a  sen- 
ator and  a  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas. 
His  daughter  was  the  mother  of  Judge  Oliver  B. 
Morris  of  Springfield. 

BLISS,  G£OBGE,  LL.  D.,  died  at  Springfield 
March  8,  1830,  aged  65.  lie  was  a  son  of  Moses 
B.  of  S.  and  Abigail  Mctcalf,  a  daughter  of  Wil- 
liam M.  of  Lebanon.  His  father  died  July  4, 
1814,  aged  78.  O.  Bliss's  three  wives  were  Han- 
nah, daughter  of  Dr.  John  Clark  of  Lebanon; 
Mary  Lathrop  of  New  Haven,  and  Abigail,  daugh- 
ter of  Rev.  David  S.  Rowland.  Ho  had  four 
children  by  his  first  wife  and  four  by  his  third. 
His  brother  Moses  died  in  S.  in  1849,  aged  75. 
He  had  ten  children. 

BLISS,  John,  colonel,  died  at  St.  Augustine  Nov. 
22, 1854,  aged  66.  A  graduate  of  Cambridge  in 
1808,  he  was  an  officer,  wounded  at  Niagara  falls 
in  1814  ;  he  was  an  instructor  and  commander  of 
cadets  at  West  Point  from  1813  to  1819.  His 
military  office  he  resigned  in  1837 ;  he  lived  at 
Buffalo. 

BLODGET,  Samuel,  remarkable  for  enter- 
prise, died  in  Aug.,  1807,  aged  84.  He  was  bom 
at  Wobum,  Mass.,  and  resided  many  years  at 
Haverhilk  Before  the  Revolution  he  was  a  judge 
of  the  court  of  common  pleas  for  the  county  of 
Hillsborough,  N.  II.  He  was  engaged  in  the  ex- 
pedition against  Louisbourg  in  1745.  Having 
raised  in  1783,  by  a  machine  of  his  invention,  a 
valuable  cargo  from  a  ship  sunk  near  Plymouth, 
he  was  induced  to  go  to  Europe  for  the  purpose 
of  recovering  from  the  deep  the  treasures  buried 
therein.  In  Spain  he  met  with  discouragement. 
His  project  for  raising  the  Royal  George  was  no 
better  received  in  England.  After  his  return  he 
Bet  up  a  duck  manufactory  in  1791 ;  and  in  1703 
he  removed  to  N.  II.  and  commenced  the  canal, 
which  bears  his  name,  around  Amoskcag  falls. 
He  expended  much  money  without  completing  the 
work,  became  embarrassed,  and  for  a  time  suf- 
fered imprisonment  for  debt.  Judge  B.  was  rig- 
idly temperate.  At  all  seasons  he  slept  in  a 
large  room,  with  open  windows.  He  intended  to 
live,  in  consequence  of  the  course  he  pursued, 
imtil  he  was  at  least  100  years  old ;  but  he  died 
of  a  consumption,  occasioned  by  his  exposure  in 
travellbg  from  Boston  to  Haverhill  in  a  cold 


night.  His  jirojects  for  public  impTovcmcnts  un- 
happily involved  him  in  great  j)ecuniiiry  losuca. 
He  wanted  more  nkill.  —  Mass.  Hint,  ('nil.,  n.  s. 
IV.  158. 

BLOOMFIELI),  Joseph,  governor  of  New 
Jersey,  was  probably  a  descendant  of  'i'liomas 
Bloomfield,  who  lived  at  Newbury,  Mass.,  in 
1038  and  afterwards  removed  to  New  Jersey. 
He  was  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution.  He  suc- 
coeded  Richard  Howell  as  governor  in  1801,  and 
wns  succeeded  in  that  office  by  Aaron  Ogdcn  ii^ 
1H12.  In  the  war,  which  commenced  in  this  year, 
he  was  a  brigadier-genernl.  He  died  at  Burling- 
ton Oct.  3,  1823.  Gen.  Bloomfield  was  a  firm 
republican  in  politics ;  in  congress  a  sound  legis- 
lator J  a  brave  soldier  in  the  field ;  and  in  private 
life  an  excellent  man.  —  Farmer's  Collect,  II. 
App.  91. 

BLOUNT,  WiLLUM,  governor  of  the  territory 
south  of  the  Ohio,  was  appointed  to  that  office 
in  1790.  The  first  governor  of  Tennessee  under 
the  constitution  in  1796  was  John  Sevier.  While 
a  member  of  the  senate  of  the  U.  S.  from  Ten- 
nessee, Mr.  Blount  was  expelled  from  that  body 
in  Jidy,  1797,  for  being  concerned  in  a  project  of 
the  British  to  conquer  the  Spanish  territories,  and 
instigating  the  Creeks  and  Cherokees  to  lend  their 
aid.  He  died  at  Knoxville  March  20,  1800, 
aged  56. 

BLOUNT,  Willie,  governor  of  Tenn.  from 
1809  to  1815,  died  at  Nashville  Sept.  10,  1835, 
aged  68. 

BLOWERS,  TnoMAS,  minister  in  Beverly, 
Massachusetts,  died  June  17, 1729,  aged  51.  He 
was  bom  at  Cambridge  Aug.  1,  1677.  His 
mother  was  the  sister  of  Andrew  Belcher.  He 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1695,  and 
was  ordained  pastor  of  the  first  church  in  Beverly 
Oct.  29,  1701.  He  was  a  good  scholar,  and  an 
excellent  minister ;  of  sincere  and  ardent  piety  j 
of  great  meekness  and  sweetness  of  temper ;  of 
uncommon  stabOity  in  liis  principles  and  steadi- 
ness in  his  conduct.  He  was  a  vigilant,  pmdent 
pastor,  and  a  close,  pathetic  preacher.  He  pub- 
lished a  sermon  on  the  death  of  Rev.  Joseph  Green 
of  Salem  village,  1715.  —  N.  E.  Weekly  Journal, 
June  23,  1729 ;  FoxcrofVs  Funeral  Sermon. 

BLOWERS,  Sampson  Saltek,  died  at  Hali- 
fax, N.  S.,  Oct.  25,  1842,  aged  100  years  and  6 
months.  A  graduate  of  Harvard  in  1763,  he 
survived  all  who  graduated  before  liim.  Bom  in 
Boston,  he  studied  law  under  Gov.  Hutchinson. 
In  1770  he  was  counsel  with  Adams  and  Quincy 
in  the  trial  of  the  British  soldiers.  As  a  tory  he 
was  sent  to  Halifax.  He  was  raised  to  the  su- 
preme bench  in  1795,  and  was  presiding  judge 
from  1801  to  1833.  His  name  was  in  the  pro- 
scribing act  of  Mass.  in  1778. 

BOARDMAN,  Geoage  D.,  an  eminent  Bap- 
tist missionary  to  Burmah,  died  Feb.  11, 1831. 


100 


BOGARDUS. 


BOLLMAX. 


BOfJAKDl'S,  Kvi;iaui)is,  the  first    niiniKtor ' 
of  the  Jlcformcd   ])iitcli    church   in   New   York, 
came  eurly  to  thi.i  country,  thoujfli  the  exact  time 
of  luH  arrival  is  not  Jiuown.     The  records  of  this 
churcli  l)e;?iii  with  the  year  1()3!).     He  was  or- 
dained and  sent  fortii,  it  is  l)elieved,  hy  the  thissis 
of  Amsterdam,  wliicii  iiad  for  a  number  of  years  1 
the   Huijcrinlendencc  of  the  Dutch   churches  in  i 
New  Netherlands,  or  the  jirovince  of  New  York,  j 
The  tradition  is,  that  Mr.  Uo(»ardus  became  blind  I 
and  returned  to  Holland  some  time  before  the  sur- 
render of  the  colony  to  the  British  in  lC(it.     lie 
was  succeeded  by  John  and  Samuel  Megapolcn- 
sis.  —  Chrixtiann  Mat/.  N.  1'.  I.  3(58. 

BOGAUDUS,  UonKKT,  general,  nearly  fifty 
years  at  the  bar  of  New  York,  died  Sept.  lU, 
1841,  aged  "0.     lie  was  a  State  senator. 

BOG.VUT,  AnuAiiAM,  died  in  the  poor-house 
in  Maury  county,  Tenn.,  June  14,  l.'vJU,  aged  IIH 
years, —  a  native  of  Delaware.  He  never  drank 
spirits  and  he  never  was  sick. 

BOLLAN,  AYlLMASi,  agent  of  Massachusetts 
in  Great  Britain,  died  in  England  in  177G.  lie 
■was  born  in  England,  and  eame  to  tliis  country 
about  the  year  1"4(».  In  1743  he  married  a  most 
amiable  and  accom]>h'shed  lady,  the  daughter  of 
Gov.  Shirley,  who  died  at  the  age  of  25.  Mr. 
Boiloii  was  a  lawyer  of  eminence,  in  profitable 
business,  was  advocate  general,  and  had  just  re- 
ceived the  ap])ointment  of  collector  of  customs 
for  Salem  and  Marblehead,  when  he  was  sent  to 
England  in  1745  as  agent  to  solicit  a  reimburse- 
ment of  the  expenses  in  the  expedition  against 
Cape  Breton.  It  was  a  diificult,  toilsome  agency 
of  three  years  ;  but  he  conducted  it  with  great 
skill  and  fidelity,  and  obtained  at  last  a  full  repay- 
ment of  the  expenditure,  being  183,649  pounds 
sterling.  He  arrived  at  Boston  Sept.  19,  1748, 
with  653,000  ounces  of  silver  and  ten  tons  of  cop- 
per, reckoned  at  175,000  pounds  sterling,  or 
nearly  800,000  dollars.  He  was  again  sent  to 
England  as  the  agent :  but  it  appears  firom  a  let- 
ter, which  he  wrote  in  1752  to  the  secretary  of 
Massachusetts,  that  for  his  three  years'  services 
the  colony,  after  seven  years  from  his  appoint- 
ment, voted  him  the  sum  of  only  1500  pounds 
sterling.  He  had  supported  his  family,  and  ad- 
vanced of  his  money  in  the  agency  business  as 
much  as  fifteen  hundred  pounds ;  he  had  aban- 
doned a  profitable  business,  which  would  have 
yielded  him  double  the  amount  voted  him  j  and 
besides  this  he  had  passed  his  years  in  the  degior 
dation  of  "  a  continual  state  of  attendance  and 
dependence  on  tlie  motions  and  pleasures  of  the 
great,"  standing  alone  too  without  any  support  or 
assistance.  After  Gov.  Shirley  was  superseded, 
attempts  were  made  to  displace  Mr.  Bollan,  not- 
withstanding his  address  and  talents,  and  his 
long,  fiuthful,  and  important  services.    His  con- 


nection with  Shirley  and  his  attachment  to  the 
Episcopal  form  of  worshiji  awakened  prejudices. 
Dissatisfaction  had  also  been  occasioned  by  his 
milking  some  deductions  from  the  money,  granted 
in  1750,  as  a  reimbursement  to  tlie  province,  and 
his  neglecting  to  corres])ond  with  the  general 
court.  He  was  dismissed  in  1702,  and  JoRjier 
Mauduit,  whose  learning  nnd  talents  were  not  ad- 
ccpiate  to  the  office,  was  a])])ointed  in  his  j)lace. 
In  1768  or  1769  he  obtahicd  from  Alderman 
Beckford  copies  of  thirty-three  letters  of  Gov. 
Bernard,  which  he  sent  to  Massachusetts,  being 
emjiloyed  as  agent  by  the  council,  though  not  by 
the  general  court.  Eor  this  act  Lord  North  ex- 
claimed against  him  in  ])arliament ;  but  it  restored 
his  lost  ])opularity.  Mr.  Hancock  declared  in 
the  house  of  reijresentatives,  that  tlicre  was  no 
man,  to  whom  the  colonies  were  more  in<lebted. 
In  1775  he  exerted  himself  in  recommending  to 
the  mother  country  conciliatory  measures.  Sev- 
eral of  his  letters  and  writings  are  in  the  Mass. 
Historical  Collections,  vols.  I.  and  VI.  In  one  of 
them  lie  maintains,  that  the  boundary  of  Nova 
Scotia  to  the  north  is  the  river  of  Canada.  He 
published  a  number  of  political  tracts,  among 
which  are  the  following :  importance  of  Cape  Bre- 
ton truly  illustrated,  Lond.,  1746;  colonia;  Angli- 
cano;  illustratn?,  1762 ;  the  ancient  right  of  the 
English  nation  to  the  American  fishery  examined 
and  stated,  1764;  the  mutual  interests  of  Great 
Britain  and  the  American  colonies  considered, 
1765 ;  freedom  of  speech  and  writing  upon  public 
affairs  considered,  1766;  the  importance  of  the 
colonies  in  North  America  and  the  interests  of 
Great  Britain  with  regard  to  them  considered, 
1766;  epistle  from  Timoleon,  1768;  continued 
corruption  of  standing  armies,  1768;  the  free 
Briton's  memorial,  in  defence  of  the  ri^t  of  elec- 
tion, 1769;  a  supplemental  memorial,  on  the  ori- 
gin of  parlir.'nents,  &c.,  1770 ;  a  petition  to  the 
king  in  council  Jon.  26,  1774,  with  illustrations 
intended  to  promote  the  harmony  of  Great  Brit- 
ian  and  her  colonies.  This  petition  he  offered  as 
agent  for  the  council  of  the  province  of  Massa- 
chusetts. —  Ilutchinson's  Mass.  II.  436 ;  Minofa 
Contin.  II.  109,  110;  Eliot. 

BOLLES,  Lucius,  I).  D.,  died  in  Boston  Jan. 
5,  1844,  aged  04.  He  had  been  pastor  of  the 
first  Baptist  church,  Salem,  and  was  many  years 
secretary  of  the  Baptist  board  of  foreign  missions. 
He  published  a  sermon  before  the  association, 
1822. 

BOLLMAN,  Erich,  M.  D.,  was  bom  at  Hoya, 
in  Hanover,  in  Europe,  and  was  well  educated, 
receiving  his  medical  degree  «t  Gottingen.  He 
settled  as  a  physician  at  Paris.  In  1794  he  engaged 
in  the  project  of  releasing  La  Fayette  from  the  prison 
of  Olmutz.  His  coadjutor  was  Francis  Huger,' 
an  American,  son  of  CoL  Huger  of  South  Caro- 


BOMFOUD. 


BON'VTIION. 


101 


Jan. 

bf  the 
i  years 
■sions. 
lation, 


ICaro- 


lina.  He  found  mconN  throtijfh  the  surpcon  to 
communicate  with  tin-  ])riM)niT.  As  La  Fayette 
waH  rilling  out  for  his  health,  Nov.  8,  the  };uar(l 
waH  attacked  and  overcome :  the  jjrisoner  and  hit* 
delivcrerH  gallojied  off,  but  missinj;  the  way,  were 
soon  cajjtured.  Dr.  Hollinaix  was  confined  twelve 
months  and  then  liauixhed.  AtU<r  he  came  to  the 
United  States,  he  was  unpllcated  in  the  conspir- 
acy of  Ilurr.  On  his  return  from  South  America 
he  died  at  Jamaica  of  the  yellow  fever  Dee.  0, 
1821.  lie  puhli.Mhed  paragraphs  on  hanks,  1810 ; 
improved  system  of  the  money  concerns  of  the 
union,  1810;  strictures  on  the  theories  of  Mr. 
Ricardo.  —  Jennison, 

BOMFOUD,  Geouoe,  colonel,  died  in  Boston, 
Marcli  2<3,  1828.  He  was  distinguished  in  the 
war  with  Great  Britain,  lie  perfected  the  ord- 
nance dei)artment. 

BOMMASEEX,  nn  Indian  chief,  signed  the 
treaty  of  Pemaquid  in  Maine  Aug.  11,  1093,  with 
Madockawondo  and  other  sagamores.  It  was  one 
part  of  the  agreement  that,  as  the  French  had 
instigated  wars,  the  Indians  should  abandon  the 
French  interest.  The  treaty  is  given  at  length 
by  Mather.  The  next  year,  after  various  barbari- 
ties at  Kittery  and  elsewhere,  in  wliich  ho  was 
suspected  to  have  been  concerned,  Bommaseen 
presented  himself  with  two  other  Indians  at 
Pemaquid,  "  as  loving  as  hears  and  as  harmless 
OS  tigers,"  pretending  to  have  just  come  from 
Canada ;  when  Capt.  March  made  him  prisoner 
Nov.  19,  and  sent  him  to  Boston,  where  he  was 
kept  a  year  or  two  in  gaol.  In  1090  one  of  the 
ministers  of  Boston  visited  Bommaseen  at  liis  re- 
quest in  prison,  when  the  savage  inquired,  whether 
it  was  true,  as  the  French  had  taught  liini,  that 
the  Virgin  Mary  was  a  French  lady,  and  that  it 
was  the  English  who  murdered  Jesus  Christ,  and 
whether  he  required  his  disciples  "to  revenge 
his  quarrel  upon  the  English  P"  The  minister 
gave  him  suitable  religious  instruction,  and  taught 
liim  Iiow  to  obtain  the  pardon  of  sins  from  God, 
without  paying  beaver  skins  for  it  to  a  priest ; 
wliich  instruction  was  received  with  strong  ex- 
pressions of  gratitude.  This  is  the  serious  nar- 
rative of  Cotton  Mather.  Unless  the  Indian 
invented  the  story,  what  a  proof  is  here  furnished 
of  the  depravity  of  the  French  teachers  of  the 
savages !  After  his  liberation  Bommaseen  mani- 
fested his  humanity  by  Ba\'ing  the  life  of  Rebecca 
Taylor,  a  captive,  whom  her  master  was  endeav- 
oring to  hang  witli  his  belt  near  Montreal  in 
1090.  --  Ilutchimon,  il.  149 ;  Magnal,  \ii.  22. 

BOND,  Thomas,  M.  1).,  a  distinguished  physi- 
cian and  surgeon,  died  March  20,  1784,  aged  \2. 
He  was  born  in  Maryland  in  1712.  After  study- 
ing with  Dr.  Hamilton,  he  spent  a  considerable 
time  in  Paris.  On  his  return  he  commenced  the 
practice  of  medicine  at  Philadelphia  about  the 


year  1734.  With  his  brother,  Dr.  Phineas  Bond, 
lie  attended  the  Penusylvania  hospital,  in  which 
the  first  clinical  k'tlurcH  were  delivered  by  him. 
He  assisted  in  fnundiiig  the  college  and  academy. 
Of  a  literary  society,  comixjsed  of  Franklin,  Bar- 
tram,  (Jodfrey,  and  others,  he  was  a  nieinln'r  in 
1743,  and  an  oHicer  of  the  philosophical  society 
from  its  eNtahlishnieiit.  The  annual  address  lic- 
fore  the  society  was  delivered  by  him  in  17N2,  on 
the  rank  of  man  in  the  scale  of  lieiiig.  For  half 
a  century  he  had  the  first  practice  in  Philadel-  ' 
phia.  Though  disjmsed  to  pulmonary  consumjition, 
l)y  attention  to  diet,  and  guarding  against  the 
changes  of  the  weather,  mid  the  obstruction  of 
blood  when  his  lungs  were  atlectcd,  he  Uved  to  a 
good  old  age.  His  daughter,  married  to  Thomas 
Lawrence,  died  in  1771.  His  brother.  Dr.  Phineas 
Bond,  who  studied  at  Leydeii,  Paris,  Edini)urgh, 
and  London,  and  was  an  eminent  practitioner  in 
Philudel]ihia,  died  in  June,  1773,  aged  oO.  He 
]nil)lished  in  the  London  Medical  Inquiries  and 
Observations,  vol.  i.,  an  account  of  a  worm  in  the 
liver,  1754  J  on  the  use  of  Peruvian  bark  in 
scrofula,  vol.  ii.  —  Thncher's  Mi'd.  Uioij. ;  Ham- 
mill's  llrr.  Med  37  ;  Miller  I.  312. 

'bond,  Thomas  E.,  D.  I).,  editor  of  the  Xew 
York  Christian  Advocate  and  Journal,  died  March 
19,  IHijO,  aged  74.  A  native  of  Maryland,  he 
joined  the  Methodist  church  in  Baltimore  in  1805 ; 
and  there  he  lived  many  years  in  various  offices 
of  trust.     He  was  respected  and  l)cloved. 

BONNYCASTLE,Cii.uaKs,died  in  Oct.,  1840, 
aged  48,  the  s(ni  of  John  B.  of  England,  He  was 
the  author  of  algebra ;  professor  of  mathematics 
in  the  university  of  Virginia ;  and  publiuhed  a 
work  on  inductive  geometiT. 

BONYTHOX,  UiciiARD,  captain,  died  lieforo 
1003.  He  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Saco, 
had  a  grant  of  one  hundred  and  twenty  acres  in 
Saco,  1029.  He  was  one  of  the  commissioners 
under  Gorges  for  the  government  of  the  province 
of  Maine,  then  called  New  Somersetshire,  in  1030. 
The  first  meeting  was  held  at  Saco  March  25, 
which  was  the  first  day  of  the  year.  When 
Gorges  had  obtained  from  the  king  a  new  charter 
of  the  province,  Bonython  was  named  one  of  the 
council,  with  Vines,  Jooelyn,  and  others,  in  1040. 
The  last  court  under  under  this  authority  was 
held  at  Wells  in  1040.  He  lived  in  o  house  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Saco,  just  below  the  falls. 
His  name  is  written  B  python  by  Sullivan  and 
Bonighton  by  Farmer  and  Willis.  He  was  an 
upright  and  worthy  magistrate ;  even  against  his 
own  son  he  once  entered  a  complaint.  This  son 
was  John  Bonython,  who  was  outlawed  for  con- 
temning the  summons  of  court  and  was  guilty  of 
various  outrages ;  he  died  in  1084.  —  His  ungov- 
ernable temper  procured  him  the  title  of  the 
sagamore  of  Saco  in  the  couplet  proposed  for  his 


102 


BOOOE. 


BOONE. 


gravestone,  which  rcprcHentH  him  oh  having  gone 
to  the  evil  Hpirit  of  tlie  IiidiaiiH : 

"  lltn  IIm  Bonython,  the  UKiimoro  nf  Haro  ; 
He  lived  ■  mgiiu  aiiii  illvU  a  kiura  >oil  went  t<i  llobomorko  " 

Although  he  Icfl  many  children,  yet  hiH  name  i» 
extinct  in  Maine  and  |)rol)al)ly  in  New  I'.nglund. 
—  Fohom's  IUhI.  H(ico,\\'i,  113;  Siillivati, 'MIH. 

BOOGE,  I'riiLR'H  v.,  died  in  Oncidu  co..  New 
York,Se]>t.  2H,  \H'Mi,  a^ed  72  ;  the  oldcHt  miniHter 
in  the  prcHhytery  of  ().  A  graduate  of  Yale  in 
1787,  he  preached  mueli  in  New  England. 

BOOXk,  Daxiki.,  colonel,  one  of  the  first  set- 
tlers of  Kentucky,  died  in  Missouri  Sept.  26, 1820, 
aged  nearly  00,  While  he  was  young,  his  parents, 
who  came  from  Uridgeworth,  ling.,  removed  from 
Pennsylvania  or  Virginia  to  the  Yadkin  river  in 
North  Carolina,  lie  was  early  addicted  to  hunt- 
ing in  the  woods ;  in  the  militia  he  attained  to 
the  rank  of  colonel.  In  1700,  in  consequence  of 
the  rejjresentation  of  John  Finley,  who  had  jien- 
etratcd  into  the  wilderness  oi"  Kentucky,  he  was 
induced  to  accom])any  him  in  a  journey  to  that 
country.  He  had  four  other  companions,  John 
Stuart,  Joseph  Ilolden,  James  Money,  and  William 
Cool,  with  whom  he  set  out  May  1.  On  the  7th 
of  June  they  arrived  at  the  Ked  river,  a  branch 
of  the  Kentucky ;  and  here  from  the  top  of  a 
hill  they  had  a  view  of  the  fertile  plains,  of  which 
they  were  in  pursuit.  They  encam]>ed  and  re- 
mained in  this  ])lace  till  Dec.  22,  when  Boone 
and  Stuart  were  captured  by  the  Indians  near 
Kentucky  river.  In  about  a  week  they  made 
their  escape ;  but  on  returning  to  their  cam]),  they 
found  it  plundered,  anil  deserted  by  •  their  com- 
panions, who  had  gone  back  to  Carolina.  Stuart 
was  soon  killed  by  the  Indians ;  but  Boone  was 
joined  by  his  brother,  and  they  remained  and 
prosecuted  the  business  of  hunting  during  the 
winter,  without  further  molestation.  His  brother 
going  home  for  supplies  in  May  1770,  he  re- 
mained alone  in  the  deep  solitude  of  the  western 
wilderness  until  his  return  with  ammunition  and 
horses  July  27th.  During  tliis  period  this  wild 
man  of  the  woods,  though  greeted  every  night 
with  the  bowlings  of  wolves,  was  deUghted  in 
his  exiiursions  with  the  survey  of  the  beauties  of 
the  rjuntry,  and  found  greater  pleasure  in  the 
solitude  of  wild  nature,  than  he  could  have  found 
amid  the  hum  of  the  most  elegant  city.  With 
his  brother  he  traversed  the  country  to  Cumber- 
land river.  It  was  not  until  March,  1771,  that 
he  returned  to  his  family,  resolved  to  conduct 
them  to  the  paradise  wliich  he  had  explored. 

Having  sold  his  farm,  he  set  out  with  his  own 
and  five  other  families  Sept.  25,  1773,  and  was 
joined  in  Powell's  valley  by  forty  men.  After 
passing  over  two  mountains,  called  Powell's  and 
Walden's,  through  which,  as  they  ranged  from 
the  northeast  to  the  southwest,  passes  were  found, 


and  approaching  the  Cumberland,  the  rearof  thft 
company  was  attacked  by  the  Indians  on  the  10th 
of  Octotier,  when  six  men  were  killed,  among 
whom  was  the  elileNt  son  of  X'ol.  Boone.  One 
man  was  also  wounded,  and  the  cattle  were  scat- 
tered. This  disaster  induced  them  to  retreat 
about  forty  miles  to  the  settlement  on  Clinch 
river,  where  he  remained  with  his  family,  until 
June  0,  1774,  when,  at  the  request  of  governor 
Dunmore,  he  conducted  a  number  of  surveyors  to 
the  falls  of  Ohio.  On  this  tour  of  eight  hundred 
miles  he  was  absent  two  months.  After  this  he 
was  intrusted  by  the  governor,  during  the  cam- 
])aign  against  the  Shawanese,  with  the  command 
of  three  forts.  Early  in  1773,  at  the  request  of 
a  comjiany  in  North  Carolina,  he  attended  a  treaty 
with  the  Cherokee  Indians  at  AVataga,  in  order 
to  make  of  them  the  purchase  of  lands  on  the 
south  side  of  the  Tennessee  river.  After  perform- 
ing this  service,  he  was  employed  to  mark  out  a 
road  ti'om  the  settlements  on  the  Holston  to  the 
Kentucky  river.  While  thus  employed,  at  the 
distance  of  about  fifteen  miles  from  what  is  now 
Boonesborough,  the  jiarty  was  attacked  by  the 
Indians,  who  killed  four  and  wounded  five.  In 
April,  at  a  salt-lick,  on  the  southern  bank  of  the 
Kentucky,  in  what  is  now  Boonesborough,  a  few 
miles  from  Lexington,  lit  began  to  erect  a  fort,  con- 
sistingof  a  block  house  and  several  cabins, enclosed 
with  palisades.  On  the  14th  of  June  he  returned 
to  his  family  in  order  to  remove  them  to  the  fort. 
His  wife  and  daughters  were  the  first  white  wo- 
men who  stood  on  the  banks  of  the  Kentucky 
river.  July  14,  1776,  when  all  the  settlements 
were  attacked,  two  of  Col.  Calwaj's  daughters 
and  one  of  his  own  were  taken  ])risonerH  ;  Boono 
])ursued  with  eighteen  men,  and  in  two  days 
overtook  the  Indians,  killed  two  of  them,  and  re- 
covered the  captives.  The  Intlians  made  repeated 
attacks  upon  Boonesborough;  Nov.  15,  1777, 
with  one  hundred  men,  and  July  4,  with  two 
hundred  men.  On  both  sides  several  were  killed 
and  wounded ;  but  the  enemy  were  repulsed ;  as 
they  were  also  July  19,  from  Logan's  Fort  of 
fifteen  men,  which  was  liesieged  by  two  hundred. 
The  arrival  of  twenty-five  men  from  Carolina  and 
in  August  of  one  hundred  from  Virginia  gave  a 
new  aspect  to  afiairs,  and  taught  the  savages  the 
superiority  of  "  the  long  knives,"  as  they  called 
the  Virguiians.  Jan.  1,  1778,  he  went  with  thirty 
men  to  the  blue  licks  on  the  Licldng  river  to 
make  salt  for  the  garrison.  Feb.  7,  being  alone, 
he  was  captured  by  a  party  of  one  hundred  and 
two  Indians  and  two  Frenchmen ;  ho  capitulated 
for  his  men,  and  they  were  all  earned  to  Chilli- 
cothe  on  the  Little  Miami,  whence  he  and  ten  men 
were  conducted  to  Detroit,  where  he  arrived  March 
30.  The  governor,  Hamilton,  treated  him  with 
much  humanity,  and  ofiered  100  pounds  for  his 
redemption.    But  the  savages  reiiised  the  offer 


BOONK. 


BOONE. 


103 


from  affection  to  their  cniUive.  Bcinf^  cnrriwl 
back  to  Cliillieothc  in  April,  ho  wns  nilo|itfd  an  a 
Bon  in  an  Indian  family,  llu  uHHiimcd  the  oppear- 
aiico  of  chccrfiilnoHS ;  hut  his  thoiij^htH  were  on 
liis  wife  and  children.  Aware  of  the  envy  of  the 
IndianH,  he  wan  careful  not  to  exhihit  \m  xkill  in 
Hhootin^y.  In  June  ho  went  to  the  salt  fii)ring»  on 
the  Scioto,  On  hiw  return  to  Chillicothc  he  OJicer- 
tained  that  four  hundred  and  fifty  warriors  were 
proparinf;  to  proceed  af^ainnt  nooneftlmroui^h.  lie 
csca]icd  June  10,  and  arrived  at  the  fort  June  20th, 
having  travelled  one  hundred  and  sixty  milcH  in 
four  days,  with  but  one  meal.  His  wife  had  re- 
turned to  her  futherV.  Great  efforts  were  made 
to  repair  the  fort  in  order  to  meet  the  cx])ected 
attack.  August  l,he  went  out  with  nineteen  men 
to  surprise  Point  Creek  town  on  the  Scioto; 
meeting  with  thirty  Indians,  he  put  them  to  flight, 
and  captured  their  baggage.  At  last,  Aug.  H, 
the  Indian  army  of  four  hundred  and  forty-four 
men,  led  by  Captain  Dugnesno  and  eleven  other 
Frenchmen,  and  thtir  own  chiefs,  with  British 
colors  flying,  summoned  the  fort  to  surrender. 
The  next  day  Boone,  having  a  garrison  of  only 
fifty  men,  announced  his  resolution  to  defend  the 
fort,  while  a  man  was  alive.  They  then  proposed 
that  nine  men  should  be  sent  out  sixty  yards  from 
the  fort  to  enter  into  a  treaty;  and  when  the 
articles  were  agreed  ujran  and  signed,  they  said 
it  was  customary  on  such  occasions,  as  a  token 
of  sincere  friendship,  for  two  Indians  to  shake 
every  white  man  by  the  hand.  Accordingly  two 
Indians  approached  each  of  the  nine  white  men, 
and  grappled  \nih  the  intent  of  making  him  a 
prisoner ;  but  the  object  being  perceived,  the  men 
broke  away  and  re-entered  the  fort.  An  attempt 
was  now  made  to  undermine  it ;  but  a  counter 
trench  defeated  that  purpose.  At  last,  on  the 
20th,  the  enemy  raised  the  siege,  having  lost 
thirty-seven  men.  Of  Boone's  men  two  were 
killed  and  four  wounded.  "  We  picked  up,"  said 
he,  "  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  pounds  of  bul- 
lets, besides  what  stuck  in  the  logs  of  our  fort, 
which  certainly  is  a  great  proof  of  their  industry." 
In  1779,  when  Boone  was  absent,  revisiting  his 
family  in  Carolina,  Col.  Bowman  with  one  hundred 
and  sixty  men  fought  the  Shawancse  Indians  at 
old  Chillicothe.  In  his  retreat  the  Indians  pur- 
sued him  for  thirty  miles,  when  in  another 
engagement  Col.  Ilarrod  suggested  the  successfiil 
project  of  mounting  a  number  of  horses  and 
breaking  the  Indian  line.  Of  the  Kentuckians 
nine  were  killed.  June  22,  1780,  about  six  hun- 
dred Indians  and  Canadians  under  Col.  Bird 
attacked  Kiddle's  and  Martin's  stations  and  the 
forks  of  Licking  river  with  six  pieces  of  artillery, 
and  carried  away  all  as  captives.  Gen.  Clarke, 
commanding  at  the  falls  of  Oliio,  marched  with 
his  regiment  and  troops  against  Ucccaway,  the 


principal  Shawancse  town,  on  a  branch  of  the 
.Miami,  and  biurncd  the  town,  with  the  loss  of 
seventeen  on  each  side.     Almut  this  time  Boone 
returned  to  Kentucky  with  his  family.     In  Oct., 
17N0,  soon  after  he  was  settled  again  at  Boone»- 
borough,  he  went  with  his  lirother  to  the  Blue 
Licks,  and  as  they  were  retunung  the  latter  was 
slain  by  a  party  of  Indians,  and  he  was  pursued 
by  them  by  the  aid  of  a  dog.     By  Hh(H)ting  him 
Boone  escaped.     The   severity  of   the  ensuing 
winter  was  attended  with  greot  distress,  the  enemy    , 
having  destroyed  most  of  the  corn.    The  pco])lo 
subsisted  chiefly  on  buffalo's  flesh.     In  May,  1782, 
the  Indians  having  killed  a  man  at  Ashton's  sta- 
tion, Captain  A.  pursued  with  twenty -five  men, 
but  in  an  attack  upon  the  enemy  he  was  killed 
with  twelve  of  his  men.     August  10  two  Iwys 
were  carried  off  from  Maj.  Hay's  station.     Capt 
Ilolden  ])ursued  with  seventeen  men  ;  but  he  also 
was  defeated,  with  the  loss  of  four  men.     In  a 
field  near  Lexington  an  Indian  shot  a  man,  and 
running  to  scalp  him,  was  himself  shot  from  the 
fort  and  fell  dead  ujion  his  victim.     On  the  lijth 
August  five  hundred  Indians  attacked  Briant's 
station,  five  miles  from  Lexington,  and  destroyed 
all  the  cattle;  but  they  were  repulsed  on  the 
tliird  day,  having  about  thirty  killed,  while  of  the 
garrison  four  were   killed   and   three  wounded. 
Boone,  with  Cols.  Todd  and  Trigg  and  Maj.  Ilar- 
land,  collected  one  hundred  and  seventy-six  men 
and   pursued  on  the  18th.     They  overtook  the 
enemy  the  next  day  a  mile  beyond  the  Blue  Licks, 
about  forty  miles  from  Lexington,  at  a  remarka- 
ble bend  of  a  branch  of  Licking  river.     A  battle 
ensued,  the  enemy  having  a  line  formed  across 
from  one  bend  to  the  other,  but  the  Kentuckians 
were  defeated  with  the  great  loss  of  sixty  killed, 
among  whom  were   Cols.  Todd  and  Trigg,  and 
Maj.  Ilarland,  and  Boone's  second  son.     Many 
were  the  widows  made  in  Lexington  on  that  faiol 
day.    The  Indians  baring  four  more  killed,  four 
of  the  prisoners  were  given  up  to  the  young  war- 
riors to  be  put  to  death  in  the  most  barbarous 
manner.     Gen.  Clarke,  accompanied  by  Boone, 
immediately  marched  into  the  Indian  country  and 
desolated  it,  burning  old  Chillicothe,  Peccaway, 
new   Chillicothe,   Willis  Town,  and  Chillicothe. 
With  the  loss  of  four  men  he  took  seven  prison- 
ers and  five  scalps,  or  killed  five  Indians.     In  Oc- 
tober the  Indians  attacked  Crab  Orchard.    One 
of  the  Indians  having  entered  a  house,  in  which 
were  a  woman  and  a  negro,  and  being  thrown  to 
the  ground  by  the  negro,  the  woman  cut  off  his 
head.     From  this  period  to  the  peace  with  Great 
Britain  the  Indians  did  no  harm.    "  Two  darling 
sons  and  a  brother,"  said  Boone,  "  have  I  lost  by 
savage  hands,  which  have  also  token  from  me  forty 
valuable  horses  and  abundance  of  cattle.     Many 
dark  and  sleepless  nights  have  I  spent,  separated 


••)<  a;  >:- 


36>-  ,-¥?;■ 


104 


nOONE. 


nORK. 


from  the  chccrftil  nwifty  of  mt-n,  Bcnrclicil  l)y  flic 
RummerV  Him  niul  iiiiichcd  liy  tin-  wiiitcr'n  cold, 
an  iiiKtriimont  ordaiiii'd  to  Ht-ttlu  the  wililcriu'KM." 
From  thin  |K'riod  he  riwidi'd  in  Kentucky  and 
Vir(?initt  till  ITDM,  when  in  (•(iMMe(itu'nfi'  of  an  im- 
pori'cct  U'nal  title  to  the  linidH, which  he  hmlHt'ttlfd, 
he  found  liimNclf  diHpoHscNsed  of  Ium  projiorty. 
In  his  indiffnntion  he  fled  from  the  delif^htfid  re- 
gion, which  he  hiid  explored,  when  a  wildemesn, 
and  which  now  hnd  n  popidntion  of  hnlf  a  million. 
With  his  rifle  he  croHMcd  the  Ohio  mid  |>lun){ed 
into  the  immenne  country  of  the  MiHHOtiri.  In 
1709  he  Bettled  on  the  Femmc  Onn^e  river  with 
numerous  followers.  In  1800  he  discovered  the 
Boone's  Lick  country,  now  a  fine  settlement :  in 
the  some  year  he  >isited  the  hend  waters  of  the 
Grand  Osage  river  and  sjient  the  winter  upon  the 
head  waters  of  the  Arkansas.  At  the  age  of  80, 
in  company  with  a  white  man  and  a  black  man, 
laid  under  strict  injimctions  to  carry  him  hack  to 
his  family,  dead  or  alive,  he  made  a  hunting  trip 
to  the  head  waters  of  the  (ireat  Osage,  and  was 
successful  ill  trajipuig  heaver  and  other  game.  In 
Jan.,  1812,  he  addressed  a  memorial  to  the  legis- 
lature of  Kentucky,  stating  that  he  owned  not  an 
acre  of  land  in  the  region,  which  he  first  settled ; 
that  in  1794  he  passed  over  into  the  Spanish 
province  of  Louisiana,  under  an  assurance  from 
the  governor,  who  resided  at  St.  Louis,  that  land 
should  be  given  him  ;  that  accordingly  ten  thou- 
sand acres  were  given  him  on  the  Missouri  and  he 
became  Sjnidic  or  chief  of  the  district  of  St. 
Charles ;  but  that  on  the  acquisition  of  Louisiana 
by  the  United  States  his  claims  were  rejected  by 
the  commissioners  of  land,  because  he  did  not  ac- 
tually re.side ;  and  that  thus  at  the  age  of  80  ho  was 
a  wanderer,  having  no  sjiot  of  his  own  whereon  to 
lay  his  bones.  The  legislature  instructed  their  del- 
egates to  congress  to  solicit  a  confirmation  of  this 
grant.  lie  retained,  it  is  believed,  2,000  acres. 
In  his  old  age  he  pursued  his  accustomed  course 
of  life,  trapping  bears  and  hunting  with  his  rifle. 
He  died  at  the  house  of  his  son,  Maj.  A.  Boone, 
at  Charctte.  He  left  sons  and  daughters  in  ^lis- 
souri.  In  consequence  of  his  death  the  legisla- 
ture of  Missouri  voted  to  wear  a  badge  of  mourn- 
ing for  twenty  days.  A  brother  died  in  Missis- 
sippi, Oct.,  1808,  aged  81.  Col.  Boone  was  of 
common  stature,  of  amiable  disposition,  and  hon- 
orable integrity.  In  his  last  years  he  might  have 
been  seen  by  the  traveller  at  the  door  of  his  house, 
with  his  rifle  on  his  knee  and  his  faithful  dog  at 
his  side,  lamenting  the  departed  vigor  of  liis 
limbs,  and  meditating  on  the  scenes  of  his  past 
life.  Whether  he  also  meditated  on  the  approach- 
ing scenes  of  eternity,  and  his  dim  eyes  ever  kindled 
up  with  the  glorious  hopes  of  the  Christian  is  not 
mentioned  in  the  accounts  of  him,  which  have 
been  examined.  But  of  all  objects  an  irreligious 
old  man,  dead  as  to  worldly  joy  and  dead  as  to 


eeU'stial  hope,  is  the  most  |iitiahlc.  An  account 
of  his  adventures,  drawn  up  l)y  himself,  was  pub- 
lished in  Filson's  suiiplement  to  Imlny's  dewri))- 
tion  of  the  western  territory.  179H.  —  Silea' 
Wrrkh/  Itrf/htrr,  Miirrh  Vi,  Mii. 

B(M)Tll,  CiiAfxcKV,  minister  of  Coventry, 
Conn.,  died  May  21,  \M\,  aged  (18.  He  was  set- 
tled in  181.5  and  dismissed  in  1844:  ho  toiled  in 
MX  revivals. 

BOOIT,  Kirk,  died  at  Lowell,  April  11, 18:}7, 
ngcd  40.  Bom  in  Boston,  educated  in  Kngland, 
he  served  as  an  oflicer  in  Spain  under  the  Duke 
of  Wellington.  During  two  years  at  Woolwich, 
he  ac({uired  skill  as  a  draftsman  and  engineer. 
He  flU])erintended  the  erection  of  the  Lowell 
manufacturing  establishments,  and  was  a  man  of 
energy,  and  generous  and  liberal. 

BOllDLFY,  John  Beai.k,  a  writer  on  agri- 
culture, died  at  Philadel|>hia  Jan.  25,  1804,  aged 
7U.  In  the  former  part  of  his  life  he  was  an  in- 
habitant of  Md.  He  was  of  the  profession  of  the 
law,  and  before  the  Revolution  was  a  judge  of 
the  superior  court  and  court  of  appeals  of  Mary- 
land. He  had  also  a  seat  at  the  executive  council 
of  the  province.  But  he  was  not  allured  by  this 
office  from  his  duty  to  his  country.  Ho  found 
our  Revolution  necessary  to  our  freedom,  and  he 
rejoiced  in  its  accompUshment.  His  habitual  and 
most  pleasing  employment  was  husbandry  j  which 
he  practised  extensively  upon  his  own  estate  on 
Wye  Island  in  the  bay  of  Chesapeake.  As  ho 
readily  tried  every  suggested  improvement,  and 
adopted  such  as  were  confirmed  by  his  experi- 
ments, and  as  he  added  to  his  example  frequent 
essays  ujion  agricultural  subjects,  he  was  greatly 
instrumental  in  difi'using  the  best  knowledge  of 
the  best  of  all  arts.  He  was  cheerful  in  his  tem- 
per, and  was  respected  and  beloved.  In  religion 
he  was  of  the  most  liberal  or  free  system  witliin 
the  pale  of  revelation.  In  his  political  principles 
he  was  attached  to  that  republican  form  of  gov- 
ernment, in  which  the  public  authority  is  founded 
on  the  people,  but  guarded  against  the  sudden 
fluctuations  of  their  will.  He  published  Forsyth's 
treatise  on  fruit  trees  with  notes  j  sketches  on  ro- 
tations of  crops,  1792;  essays  and  notes  on  hus- 
bandry and  rural  affairs,  writh  plates,  1799  and 
1801 ;  a  view  of  the  courses  of  crops  in  England 
and  Maryland,  1804.  —  U.  S.  Gazette,  Feb.  7. 

BOllK,  CiiKlsTiAN,  minister  of  the  Dutch  Re- 
formed church  in  Franklin  street,  N.  Y.,  died 
about  1825  or  1830,  at  an  advanced  age,  and  was 
succeeded  by  George  Dubois.  In  the  Revolution- 
ary war  he  was  a  soldier  in  the  British  army.  He 
studied  with  Dr.  Livingston,  and  was  first  settled 
near  Albany.  Once  in  ministering,  by  way  of 
exchange  at  Stepheutown  to  an  English  congrega- 
tion, he  made  a  part  of  the  prayer  in  Dutch  and 
German.  He  preached  without  notes  and  was 
fervent  and  eminently  useful.    If  it  be  true,  as 


nosnvirK. 


noicHEn, 


105 


rr|>ort«'(l,  that,  lm»inn  a  yokc-fcllow  not  of  tlu> ! 
Kwi'cttfHt  tt'miH-r,  hIio  diico  locked  him  in  liin 
Ntudy  ut  the  moment  for  Koin^  to  the  rhiireh  ;  it 
i»  iiltoKether  proliiilile,  from  hit  own  enerjjy  ol' 
charueter,  tliiit  thin  little oIinIiicIi'  mum  inHtuntl}  rv- 
move<l.  * 

UOS'I'WICK,  D.wiii,  nn  eminent   miniNter  in 
New  York,   wom  of  Scotch    extriiction,  and   wun 
Imrii  nlMJUt  thw  yeitr  17211.     lie  wun  tlrnt  Nettled 
Bt  Jamuicuuu   Lon^  IhIumiI,  where  he  continued 
till    1700,  when  the  hynod   triuiKliited  him  to  the 
I'ruNhyteriaa    society   of    New    York.      In    tluH 
charge  he  continued  till  Nov.  1*2,  17():i,  when  he 
died,  aged  43,     lie  wax  of  a  milil,  cutholic  diN|)o- 
Mition,  of  great  piety  and   zeal ;  and   he  confined 
himself  entirely  to  the  ])ro))er  huxineKN  of  hiw  ot- 
ticc.     He  ahhorred  the  tmiuent  mixture  of  divin- 
ity and  politicft,  and  much  more  tho  turpitude  of 
making  the  former  suhKcrvient  to  tho  hitter,     llin 
thoughtH  were  occui)ied  hy  thingo,  which  are  above, 
and  he  wiHhed  to  withdraw  the  mindH  of  hiH  ]>eo- 
ple  more  from  the  concernH  of  thin  world,     lie 
was  deeply  grieved,   when  Home  of  \m  flock  he- 
cumu,  not  fervent  ChristiiuiH,  hut  furiouN   jioliti- 
ciauH.     lie  preached  the  goN]iel,  and  iw  liiit  life 
correN])onded  with  liiN  preaching,  he  watt  reN]iectcd 
by  good  men  of  all  denominationH.     IUh  doctruicH 
he  derived  from  the  HcriptureH,  and  he  underHtoud 
thoni  in  accordance  with  the  public  conicssionH  of 
the  reformed  churchcH.     llis  diocourseH  were  me- 
thodical, §uund,  and  pathetic,  ricli  in  sentiment, 
and  ornamented  in  diction.     With  a  strong,  com- 
manding voice,  his  pronunciation  was  clear,  din- 
tinct,  and  deliberate,     lie  preached  without  notes, 
with  great  ease  and  llueucy ;  but  he  always  studied 
his  sermons  with  great  ewe.     With  a  lively  imag- 
ination and  a  heart  deejily  affected  by  the  trutlis 
of  reUgion,  he  was  enabled  to  address  his  hearers 
■with  solemnity  ond  energy.     Few  men  described 
the  liideous  deformity  of  sin,  the  misery  of  man's 
apostasy  from  God,  the  wonders  of  redeeming 
love,  and  the  glory  and  riclies  of  divine  grace  in 
80  distinct  and  aiiecting  a  maimer.     He  knew  the 
worth  of  the  soul  and  the  deccitfulness  of  the  hu- 
man heart  j  and  he  preached  with  j)lainne88,  more 
uitent  to  impress  sinners  with  their  guilt  and  to 
teach  them  the  truths  of  God,  than  to  attract 
their  attention  to  himself.     Though  he  was  re- 
markable for  his  gentleness  and  prudence,  yet  in 
preacliing  the  gospel  he  feared  no  man.     He 
knew  whose  servant  he  was,  and  with  all  boldness 
and  impartiality  he  delivered  his  message,  pro- 
claiming the  terrors  of  the  divine  law  to  every 
transgressor,  however  elevated,  and  displaying  the 
mild  glories  of  the  gospel  for  the  comfort  and  re- 
freshment of  every  penitent  believer.      A  few 
months  before  his  death  his  mind  was  greatly  dis- 
tressed by  apprehensions  respecting  the  interests 
of  his  family,  when  he  should  be  taken  from  them. 
But  God  was  pleased  to  give  him  such  views  of 

U 


his  power  niid  giMMliieM,  nnd  mirh  chrcrAd  rrli- 
ance  n|i(in  the  wiNdmn  and  nrtitiide  of  hi*  gov- 
erini)'  :il,  aH  restored  tn  lilin  immicc  anil  ealnineM, 
Me  MUN  uilliii^  to  cant  liininelr  and  all  that  wa* 
dear  to  liini,  iijion  the  providence  of  IiIh  heavenly 
Father.  In  this  tem|ier  he  continued  to  his  last 
moment,  when  he  placidly  resigned  his  soul  into 
the  hands  of  his  Saviour.  Such  is  the  serenity, 
Irequently  imparted  to  Christians  in  the  solemn 
hour  of  dinsolulinii. 

He  published  a  sermon,  preached  May  2<>, 
I7>')H,  entilleil,  self  disclaimed  and  Christ  exulted. 
It  rec<'ived  the  v»arMi  recommendation  of  Gilbert 
'I'ennent.  He  published  also  an  account  of  the 
lile,  character,  and  death  of  I'res.  Huvies,  pre- 
fixed to  Daxies' sermon  on  the  death  of  (ieorgo 
H.,  17<11.  Al\er  his  decease  there  was  pubhshed 
from  his  manuscri|)ls  a  vin(hcation  of  the  right  of 
uil'ants  to  the  onHnanee  of  baptism,  being  tho 
substance  of  several  discourses  from  Acts  ii.  311, 
—  MiildMiiit'n  llioij.  KfiiH.  IV.  •IH-IIH!  Sew 
and  (Jen,  llinij.  Ilivt.;  Umilli's  Sew  I'ork;  103  j 
I'lrf,  to  Jlontwiih'ti  yimiivatiiiii. 

IJOl'CHllU,  rii;imi;,  governor  of  Trois  Riv- 
ieres in  Canada,  died  at  the  age  of  lu'arly  100 
years,  havuig  Uved  to  see  mnnerinm  descetulnnts, 
some  of  the  fifth  generation.  He  was  sent  to 
Trance  to  rejjresent  the  tem]M)ral  and  s])iritual 
wants  of  the  colony ;  and  published  in  l(i(ii  an 
account  of  Canada,  entitled,  llistoire  veritable  et 
naturelle  des  moeurs  et  productions,  iS:c, 

BOUCHEU,  JoXATii.VN,  a  learned  ardiieolo- 
gist,  was  a  native  of  Cumberland,  —  the  northern 
county  of  England,  the  country  of  hikes,  the  abode 
of  the  poets  \Vord»v»orth  and  Southey,  and  the 
resort  of  "  the  lakers,"  —  but  came  to  America 
at  the  nge  of  10,  After  receiving  Episcopal  or- 
dination, he  was  api>ointed  rector  of  Hanover  and 
then  of  St.  Mary,  \'a.  Gov.  I'^den  gave  him  alst' 
the  rectory  of  St.  Anne,  Annaiwlis,  and  of 
Queen  Anne,  in  Prince  George's  county.  These 
are  indeed  saintly  and  princely  names  for  a  Pro- 
testant, rci)ubUcan  country.  However,  Mr.  llou- 
cher  was  a  loyalist,  unshaken  by  the  mighty  dem- 
ocratic movements  around  him.  h\  his  farewell 
sermon,  at  the  beginning  of  the  devolution  in 
1770,  he  declared  that,  as  long  as  he  lived,  he 
v^'ould  say  with  Zadock,  the  priest,  and  Nathan, 
the  prophet,  "  God  save  the  king  !  "  lleturning  to 
England,  he  was  appointed  vicar  of  Epsom  ;  and 
there  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  Ufe.  He 
died  April  27,  1804,  aged  (i7.  He  was  esteemed 
one  of  the  best  preachers  of  liis  time.  Huiing 
the  last  fourteen  years  of  his  life  he  was  em- 
ployed in  prei)aring  a  glossary  of  provincial  and 
archa-ological  words,  intended  as  a  supplement 
to  Dr.  Johnson's  Dictionary.  The  manuscripts 
of  Mr.  Boucher  were  purchased  of  his  family  in 
1831  by  the  proprietors  of  the  English  edition  of 
Dr.  Webster's  Dictionary,  who  proposed  to  pub- 


100 


noL'rnF.F:. 


IIOIKINOT. 


liNh  tlii'm  an  n  MipjilfmcTit  to  Wclmti-r.  Me  piil)- 
linlicfl  in  ITlMl  II  \i(w  iif  the  ciiiiwh  iiiiil  cimsc- 
(|iicii('i'N  of  ihr  Anitriniii  KcMilutinii  in  tif^ccn 
iliNcoiirNCH,  prt'iu  hcil  in  N.  Aimricii  lii'twit'ii  I7(>>'l 
and  177'),  ilnliciitcil  to  Wiisliin^tun,  iiintuiiiinK 
many  unccdotoH  illnf<tnili\('  nt'  puliticul  cvcntM  ; 
—  aUo,  two  NcrnionN  liclbrf'  llii-  uriiiid  jnricii  of 
Hurrcy  luid  ('(inilK'rlund,  171l!(. 

JK)V('Ili;U,  Cii.Mti.is,  (lied  lit  lUrthiiT,  Can- 
ada llnHt,  Miiy,  lav.'.  iip<l  1(1(1. 

Jiort'lll'/ITI!,  JiiNi  III,  ((iloiicl,  nurvcynr-KMi- 
crnl  of  Lower  Caniida,  (lied  April  H,  INI  1,  iijfi'd 
07,  with  only  n  few  niinutcN'  illncNN.  Hv  pul>- 
liNlii'd  a  description  of  Lower  Ciiniidu,  -Ito.,  INIS, 

JHU'DINOT,  Ili.iAs,  L.I,.  I).,  (Irnt  ijre.^ident 
of  the  American  Hilile  Hociely,  died  in  Unrlinj^- 
ton,  N.  J.,  Oct.  LM,  IMl'l,  lifted  Hi.  He  was  liorn 
in  I'hiluileiphia  >Liy  2,  17l(».  His  f?reat-;,'r!incl- 
fatlier,  Klias,  was  a  I'rotestaiit  in  l''raiR'e,  who 
fled  from  his  country  on  the  revocation  of  the 
edict  of  Nantes ;  his  father,  I'.lias,  died  in  I77(); 
liis  ntofher,  Callierlne  Williams,  was  of  a  Welsh 
fimily.  AIUt  a  chiMsical  education  ho  studied 
Inw  under  JUchard  .Stockton,  whose  eldest  sister 
he  married.  Soon  after  commencinj{  tho  |)rac- 
ticc  of  law  in  New  .Fersey,  ho  rose  to  distinction. 
IIo  early  es|)oused  the  eausc  of  his  country,  In 
1777  conf,'ross  ajipointed  him  commisHary-j^onernl 
of  jirisonerM  j  ancl  in  the  same  year  ho  was  elected 
a  dolof^ato  to  toiijjresN,  of  which  hody  ho  was 
elected  tho  jjresident  in  Nov.,  17H2.  In  that  ca- 
pacity ho  ])Ut  his  si<;iiafuro  to  tho  treaty  of  j)oace. 
He  returned  to  tho  |)rofossion  of  the  law  ;  hut 
M-as  again  elected  to  couf^ress  under  the  now  eoii- 
Btitution,  in  17H!),  and  vr'  '  oiitinued  o  meinhor 
of  tho  house  six  years.  Li  17'JG  Washington  op- 
pointcd  him  tho  director  of  tho  mint  of  the 
United  States,  as  llio  succcfisor  of  Kittenhouso  : 
in  this  office  lie  continued  till  1805,  when  he  re- 
signed it,  and  retiring  frcmi  l'hiladel])hia  passed 
tho  remainder  of  liis  life  at  Hurlington,  N.  J. 
He  lost  his  wife  about  the  year  1808.  His 
daughter  married  Wm.  IJradford.  His  brother, 
Elisha  Uomlinot,  died  at  Newark  Oct,  17,  181U, 
agod  71.  After  tho  establishment  in  1810  of  tho 
Bible  society  which  he  ossisted  in  creating,  he 
was  ^-Iccted  its  first  ])resident;  and  he  made 
to  it  the  munificent  donation  of  10,000  dollars. 
He  afterwards  contributed  lil)erally  towards  the 
erection  of  its  dej)ositoiy.  In  1812  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  American  board  of  com- 
missioners for  foreign  missions,  to  which  he  pre- 
sented the  next  year  a  donation  of  100  pounds  ster- 
ling. When  three  Cherokee  youth  wore  brought 
to  the  foreign  mission  school  in  1818,  one  of 
thjm  by  liis  permission  took  his  name,  for  he  was 
deeply  interested  in  every  attempt  to  meliorate 
^he  '."indition  '^''  tho  American  Indians.  His 
h' .'■<-'  was  the  seat  of  hospitulity  and  his  days 
were  spent  in  t'l.-  pursuits  of  biljlical  literatiu-e, 


I  in  the  exrrrJKe  of  the  lovelieNt  rhnrilien  of  lif», 
'  and  the  pirl'iirniiinre  of  thi'  liiglient  Chriitiiiii  du- 
ties, lie  WiiH  a  truHtee  of  I'rinciton  eollege,  in 
wliii'h  he  fmiiidi'd  in  lH(h'i  ihe  raliinet  of  nalnriil 
history,  which  cost  .'l,(l(t(l  dnlJiirN.  He  was  n 
nienilier  of  a  I'resbWeiim  eliureh.  Ily  the  relig> 
ion  which  he  ]irofeNNed  he  wan  Ktipported  and 
I  cheered  as  he  went  down  fn  Oi.' gr;ne.  His  pa- 
tience was  unexhni'K'cil  ;  hit  lailh  was  strong  and 
triumphant.  lv\hir.'iing  those  aroinid  him  to  rest 
in  .lesus  Christ  as  the  only  grouiul  of  trust,  and 
eonnnending  his  (laughter  and  only  child  to  tho 
care  of  his  friends,  he  expressed  his  desire  to  de- 
part in  peace  to  the  Ixwoni  of  his  Father  in 
lieaven,and  his  last  jjfayor  was,  "  Lord  Jobuii,  re- 
ceive my  spirit." 

Ily  his  lust  will  ])r.  Iloudinot  beipieat?>  '>'  hm 
large  estate  princijially  to  charitabli  usi  •  ;'l'i) 
dollars  for  ten  poor  widows;  20')  "  the  .s'ew 
Jersey  Ilible  society  to  purchase  sped  les  'in  tho 
aged  poor,  to  eiuible  them  iw  read  die  \'<'''k", 
2,000  dollars  to  the  ^'iiraviii  i-  n  Ilethlehen\  for 
the  instruclion  of  tho  Ti  ,  .n-^  ■l.OOO  acr"s  of 
land  to  tho  societv  for  the  lienetit  of  the  Jewsj 
to  tho  Magdalen  sucioties  of  New  York  ana  I'hil- 
adel])hia  flOO  d'llhirs  each;  three  houses  in  I'hil- 
adel]jhia  to  the  trustees  of  the  general  o.xsombly 
for  the  j)urchaso  of  books  for  ministers  j  also, 
ij,000  dollars  to  the  general  assembly  for  the  suji- 
port  of  a  missionary  in  rbil.alelphia  and  New 
York  J  •t,((KO  acres  of  land  for  theological  stu- 
dents at  rrinceton  ;  4,000  ocres  to  the  college  of 
New  Jersey  for  the  establishment  of  fellowships  j 
4,,512  acres  to  the  American  board  of  commis- 
sioners for  foreign  missions,  with  special  referonco 
to  tho  benefit  of  tho  Indians ;  3,270  acres  to  tho 
hosjjital  at  I'hiludeliihia,  for  the  benefit  of  for- 
eigners ;  4,589  acres  to  the  American  Bible  soci- 
ety ;  13,000  acres  to  tho  mayor  and  corporation 
of  I'hiladelphia,  to  supjdy  the  poor  with  wood  on 
low  terms  ;  also,  after  the  decease  of  his  daughter, 
ij.OOO  dollars  to  the  college  and  5,000  to  the  the- 
ological seminary  of  Princeton,  and  5,000  to  tho 
A.  B.  of  commissioners  for  foreign  missions,  and 
the  remainder  of  his  estate  to  the  general  assem- 
bly of  tho  Presbyterian  church.  How  benevo- 
lent, honorable,  and  useful  is  such  a  charitable 
di^jiosition  of  the  property,  which  God  intrusts 
to  ;i  (  lui  tii'i  compared  with  the  selfish  id  nar- 
njAV  up;!!'  Ill" r'm  of  it  ^  j  enrichment  of 
,■.„,:),.  .' ijij. ,  .,j  without  any  reference  to  the  dif- 
fusion of  truth  and  holiness  in  tho  earth  ?  For 
such  deeds  of  charity  the  names  of  Boudinot,  and 
Burr,  and  Abbot,  and  Norris,  and  Phillips  will  be 
held  in  lasting,  most  honorable  remembrance. 
Dr.  Boudinot  published  the  ago  of  revelation,  or 
the  age  of  reason  an  age  of  infidelity,  1700,  also 
1801;  an  oration  before  the  society  of  the  Cin- 
cinnati, 1703 ;  second  advent  of  the  Messiah, 
1815;  star  in  the  west,  or  an  attempt  to  discover 


noi'DINOT. 


noinsF. 


tft7 


i\  hid 


thnlofiR  liwt  trilH'i  i)f  I-nul,  |iri'i>nr(ifory  to  .<w\t 
ri'l'irii  to  llicir  liil.ivcil  city,  JituniiIciii.'Hvii.  INK). 
Like  Mr.  .\iliiir,  lit'  ri'KiiriN  tlic  IiiiII'iiin  im  tlic 
lonttrilu  .—  I'-iHoplUt  17:  ai»l)|  IS;  Wi  Urtetit 
lH»r.  T,H. 

uorrnxar.  Ijm''  »  nicrokcr  huiiun, <ii<' i 

Juno  I'  .  I  !!'■  IwiiiK  iiiu  Jrt' il  ^y  Ituliiiiifi  *vxl 
of  tlu>  Mi,sNis><i|i|>f.  llo  wM  It  mall  of  vducautuii, 
talci  ".  and  iiilim   ,., 

llDi  DIXOT,  .\imi  VN  V,  (liHJ  I'  HiuioNtr.N.  11., 
ill  Si>|)t.,  |H,i,'(,  ;i'!<'il  7n,  thf  widi.w  (if  I  III  ia)«  II. 
of  New  JiTscy,  I'u'  nephew  (if  I'liaM  H.  Bofll  in 
tlic  West  Indies,  nlie  was  of  lliij/uonot  dentvnt 
from  Mr.  l.iiNiilie  of  St.  'i'lioiniiN,  wlio^e  daii);hter 
married  Mr.  .MiillevillL' :  their  xtm  'riiiiiiiiix,  f,'ii\- 
ernor  of  the  |)aiiiKh  iNJundN,  wim  the  father  nf 
Miiriu  MullevilU-.  She  tirHt  ninrried  Gov.  Suhni. 
wiio  wuit  the  fatiier  of  Marin  Wheelotk.and  ne\; 
Mr.  Von  licverlmudt,  who  removed  to  N.  J.,  to 
Heverwyck,  in  l*urHi|i|)nny,  nnd  woo  the  father  of  j 
MrH.  lioudinot.  She  died  in  CiinNtian  peace.  I 
Her  father'H  Houhc  wbh  lioiiorect  with  the  vinitK 
of  \Vai*hin){ton  nnd  )un  wii'e  wiiilc  the  army  wum 
at  MnrriK. 

H()i:{JHT()N',  I)HNJ.\MIN,  died  in  Frederi.  ^s- 
burgh,  Va.,  in    1812,  hccpieuthinK   '■iMM   dol  irn 
to  the  IJilile  society,  the  same  to  the  tract  socii 
witii  a  lefifacy  to  Sunday  ncIiooIn, 

UOUI.DIN,  T110.M.VS  T.,jiid{{e,  died  in  Wum 
inj^ton  Fel).  11,  1H3-1,  a  meinher  of  congr(>MN  from 
Va.    Having  been  blamed  for  not  Hpeaking  ot 
the  death  of  his  predecesHor,  Randolph,  he  rose 
to  reply,  sank  down  into  a  chair,  and  died. 

HOUND,  KPiiaviM,  first  minister  of  the  sec- 
ond lia])tist  church  in  lloston,  was  ordained  in 
17111  nnd  died  in  17Ui>:  ho  was  useful  and  re- 
sjiccted. 

BOUQUET,  IIknry,  a  brave  officer,  was  ap- 
pointed lieutenant  colonel  in  the  Dritish  army  in 
17(30.  In  the  year  1763  ho  was  sent  by  General 
Amherst  from  Canada  with  military  stores  and 
provisions  for  the  relief  of  Fort  Pitt.  While  on 
his  way  he  was  attacked  by  a  powerful  body  of 
Indions  on  the  uth  and  6th  of  August,  but  by  a 
skilful  manu'uvre,  sujiported  by  the  determined 
bravery  of  his  troops,  he  defeated  them,  and 
reached  the  fort  in  tour  days  from  the  action.  In 
the  following  year  he  was  sent  from  Canada  on  an 
expedition  against  the  Ohio  Indians,  and  in  Octo- 
ber he  reduced  n  body  of  the  Shawanese,  Dela- 
Wttres.and  other  Indians  to  the  necessity  of  making 
terms  of  peace  at  Tascarawns.  Ho  died  at  I'en- 
sacolu  in  February,  1706,  being  then  a  brigadier 
general.  Thomas  Ilutchins  published  at  I'hila- 
delphia  in  170^  an  historical  account  of  the 
expedition  against  the  Ohio  Indians  in  1704,  with 
a  map  and  plates. — Aniiintl  Rnjixter  for  1703, 
p.'J7-31  J  foi-  1704,  p.  181  ;/(//■' 1700,  p.  02. 

liOUUNE,  HiciiAUi),  a  mis.sionmy  among  the 
Indiuis  at  Marshj ec, died  at  Sandwich  about  the 


yonr  11M,  He  wn<  one  of  the  flr«t  rmi^rnnla 
from  l''.n^li\nil,wli<i  Neiilnl  nt  Siindwich.  Ileing  a 
ri'ligioiiH  imiii.  III  iilliri,'iir(l  piiliLscU  on  the  l.ord'M 
day,  until  n  iii'  ler,  \Jr,  SniMh,  wan  nettliili  he 
then  turned  Im'>  ntti-ntuvn  ti>  the  Indiamt  at  the 
Honthward  and  ca  '  ^  -  I,  Mid  rexolved  to  lirinn 
them    111  nil    iie(|\,  .     with  the  gospel.      He 

went   to   M.ii-li I    niiiiiv  iiiiles  to  the  Houth. 

The  limt  airiM.  -    :i  is  i;i  Kl.'iH,  when  he  won 

in  that  f'lwii,  osMKtinK  intli'  I'ttleinent  of  u  boun- 
dary betw-cn  thr  liidiunH  mid  the  proprietorN  of 
liamstahle.  Having  obtained  u  competent  knowl- 
e(l><e  of  the  Indian  liusgiiagc  viuered  on  the 
missionory  servjic  with  u(it\i  xmI  iirdor.  (hi 
the  I7lh  of  August,  I07<»,  he  >>.  Tdaiiied  I'lWfor 
il'  an  Indian  cbiirih  at  Mujsh|N  .  ""ustitutcd  by 
his  own  discijiles  and  cnvi  irt^ ;  «  !;  Hii/^ii'innity 
was  performed  by  the  tarn.  u-.  VX^u;  ml  CotUnv. 
He  left  no  successor  in  the  mwistry  bu  m  Imiitui, 
iiiuned  Simon  I'opntonet.  M/li<innii'  ■<  dcHcnr- 
ing  of  honorable  reniemliranr'  u>t  on)  tor  hil 
i!e<tl()us  exertions  to  i'i,i'm'  kiio  1  to  the  nlianii 
I  he  glad  tidings  of  sii  aion,  btn  liis  r<  ird  to 
their  temporal  interes  .  He  \vr<l\  ,,:  'red 
tliiut  it  would  be  in  viiiii  to  attem|i<t  i' 
t'hrMtian  knowledge  among  tlietn,  i-'' 
a  territory,  where  they  might  remai 
have  a  ti.\ed  habitation.  He  tliiic! 
exjonse,  not  long  after  the  year  !• 
deed  of  Marsh]ico  from  (IvMichat 
10  the  South  Sea  Indians,  as  his 
ailed.  This  territory,  in  the  o])iiii 
lawley,  was  perfectly  odapted  for  an  In 


h'iiig  situated  on  the  Somul,  in  sight  • 
\  Meyard,  cut  into  necks  1  I"  land,  and  w 
A:  er  the  death  of  Mr.  1  ourne,  his  sm 
shul)  Bourne,  Esq.,  sueceitiied  him  in  the 


«te 
>  had 

all4 

""« 
lllr    ,a 

oilwrs 

'  wiro 

f  Mr. 

11  town, 

■•thVs 

iiiwd, 

■rja- 

hpeo 

1710. 

i  itica- 

the 

iPr- 


nili'  ritancc,  where  he  lived  till  his  death  .1 
He  rocurcd  from  the  court  at  Plymouth  a 
tioii  >f  the  Indian  deeds,  so  that  no  parcel 
lands  could  be  bought  by  miy  white  jierson  ( 
sons  without  the  consent  of  all  the  said  IiuImaw. 
not  (■'  .11  with  the  consent  of  the  general  court 
Thus     id  the  son  promote  the  designs  of  the 

i  lather,  -vatcliing  over  the  interests  of  the  aborig- 
ines.     I  letter  of  Mr.  Uourne,  giving  an  account 

j  of  the    iidians  in  Plymouth  county  and  upon  the 

I  ( 'a])e,  i  jirescrved  in  Gookin. —  Mather's  Muff. 
111.19!)  t'ull.JJist.Soc.  I.  172,  l'JO-199,  218: 
III.  18H-  00;  vm.  170. 

IJOUUXE,  EzKA,  chief  justice  of  the  court  of 
common  jileas  lor  Hnrnstablc  county,  died  at 
Marshpec  in  Sept.,  1704,  aged  87.  lie  was  the 
youngest  ^on  of  Shearjashiib  Uourne,  who  died  at 
Sandwich,  March  7, 17 19,  aged  16.  He  succeeded 
his  father  1:1  the  superintendence  of  the  Indians, 
over  whom  )ie  had  great  influence.  He  married 
a  sister  of  J  lev.  Thomas  Prince.  His  son,  Shear- 
jashub,  a  graduate  of  Harvard  college  in  1743, 

!  died  at  Bristol,  II.  I.,  Feb.  9, 1781.    His  grandson, 


108 


BOURNE. 


BOWDOIN. 


i 


ShcarjuNhub,  a  prnduatcof  1704,  a  rpprcsentntive 
in  coiif^rusN  ii  1(1  c'liii'l' justice  of  thi>  common  jiloas 
for  Siilt'olk,  (Led  ill  ISOIi.  His  ^rriiiulson,  IScnja- 
min,  li.L.  ]).,  ii  fjrndiiate  of  17"i),  a  mcmljcr  of 
con^fresH,  and  appoiiiU'd  a  Jud-^u  of  liio  circuit 
court  of  Kliodo  island  in  IHOl,  died  Scpl.  17, 
1808.—  ('«,//.  IHkI.  Soc.  hi.  100. 

UOUUNI'',,  .losKi'il,  missionary  to  the  Indians, 
waH  the  son  of  the  iirecediiif;  and  fjraduated  in 
11'22  at  Harvard  collef^e,  in  tlie  catalof,'ue  of  whidi 
liis  name  is  erroneously  (,'iven  Uourn.  He  was 
ordained  at  Marshpce  as  successor  to  Simon  I'op- 
monet  Nov.  2(!,  17'J!*.  He  resiffued  his  niissicm  in 
1742,  comjilainin^'  nuich  of  the  ill  treatment 
which  the  Indians  received,  and  of  the  nej^lect  of 
the  conmiissioners  with  refj;ard  to  his  sn])j)ort. 
He  was  succeeded  hyan  Indian,  named  Solomon 
Hriant ;  hut  he  still  took  an  interest  in  the  canse, 
in  which  lie  was  once  particularly  eufjaji^ed,  and 
much  encouraged  and  assisted  the  missionary, 
Mr.  Hawley.  -Mr.  Hournc  died  in  17G7. —  Coll. 
Ilisf.  Sot:  III.  1(H)- 191. 

UOUUS,  rirri'.H,  l';j)isco])al  minister  in  Marblc- 
hoad,died  in  17(iL',  a;;i;ed  '.Hi.  He  was  a  native  of 
Newjjort,  and  was  (;raduatcd  at  Harvard  colle}i;e 
in  1747.  After  his  settlement  at  Marblchead,  he 
discharged  with  faithfulness  the  duties  of  his 
office  nine  years,  onforcinfr  tlie  doctrines  of  tlic 
gosi)el  with  fervency,  and  illustrating  the  truth  of 
■what  ho  taught  by  his  life.  His  predecessors 
were  Mousam,  I'igot,  Malcolm  j  his  successors. 
Weeks,  Harris,  IJowers.  His  dying  words  were 
"  ()  I.anib  of  God,  receive  my  sj)irit." —  IV/iit- 
well's  Set:  on  Death  of  Ikirnard ;  (Ml,  Hist.  Soc. 
Viii.  77. 

BOUTELLK,  Timothy,  L.L.  I).,  died  in  Water- 
ville,  Mc.,  Nov.  12,  1855,  aged  77.  Born  in 
Leominster,  ho  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1800. 
He  devoted  his  life  to  the  legal  ])rofes8ion  in 
■Waterville,  but  sometimes  occui)ied  jjublic  sta- 
tions. The  cause  of  internal  imiirovenient  and  of 
education  was  dear  to  liini. — lioston  Advertiser, 
July  10,  185G. 

BOWDKN,  John,  D.  J).,  professor  of  belles- 
lettres  and  moral  j)hilosophy  in  Columbia  college, 
N.  Y.,  was  an  Episcopal  clergyman  more  than  forty 
years.  In  1787  he  was  rector  of  Norwalk.  He 
was  elected  bishoj)  of  Connecticut,  but,  as  he  de- 
clined, Mr.  Jarvis  was  appointed.  He  died  at 
Ballston  July  IH,  1817,  aged  05.  He  published  a 
letter  to  I'".  Stiles,  occasioned  by  his  ordination 
Bormon  at  New  London,  1787;  the  ajjostolie  ori- 
gin of  episcopacy,  in  a  series  of  letters  to  Dr. 
Miller,  2  vols.  8vo.  ISOS. — Jciiuis'on. 

BOWDITCH.  X.viiiAMix,  L.L.  1).,  ¥.  11.  S., 
president  of  the  American  academy,  died  at  Bos- 
ton March  1(1.  18;j8,  aged  nearly  (i5,  being  born 
at  Salem  March  20,  1773.  The  son  of  n  ship- 
master, he  had  little  education.  From  1795  he 
Bj)ent  nine   years  in  a  seafaring  life.     He  was 


president  of  a  marine  insurance  company  from 
1804  to  1823,  when  he  became  actuary  for  the 
rest  of  his  life  of  the  .Massuchusctts  Hos|)ital 
Life  Insurance  Co.  By  ins  i  iraordinary  genius 
and  industry  he  became  actpiahitcd  with  Latin, 
Greek,  French,  Italian,  Spanish,  Portuguese,  and 
German,  and  was  one  of  the  most  eminent  of 
mathematicians  and  astronomers.  About  to  die, 
with  his  children  arranged  in  the  order  of  age  at 
his  bedside,  he  said,  "  Lord,  now  Icttest  thou  thy 
servant  dc])art  in  jjcaee,  according  to  thy  word." 
He  published  Practical  Navigator  in  1802,  and 
various  eomnnmications  in  the  Memoirs  of  the 
American  Academy ;  and  at  his  own  expense,  a 
translation  of  the  ^lecaniciue  Celeste  of  La  Place, 
with  a  commentary  in  four  large  quarto  vols. 

BOWDOIN,  J.VMKS,  L.I.  D..  Governor  of 
Massachusetts,  and  a  i)hilosoi)her  and  statesman, 
died  Nov.  0,  1790,  aged  03.  He  was  bom  in 
Boston  August  8,  1727,  and  was  the  son  of 
James  Bowdoin,  an  eminent  merchant.  His 
grandfather,  Peter  Bowdoin,  or  Pierre  Baudouin, 
was  a  physician  of  Itochelle,  in  France.  On  the 
revocation  of  the  edict  of  Nantes  in  1085,  he  fled 
with  a  multitude  of  Protestants,  and  went  first  to 
Ireland,  and  came  to  Falmouth,  now  Portland,  in 
Casco  Bay,  Maine,  as  early  as  April,  1087.  He 
owned  several  tracts  of  land,  one  tract  of  twenty- 
three  acres  extending  across  the  Neck,wherc  South 
street  now  is.  In  about  three  years  he  removed 
to  Boston.  The  day  after  his  departure  the  In- 
dians attacked.  May  15,  1090,  and  in  a  few  days 
destroyed  Casco.  The  time  of  his  death  is  not 
ascertained;  his  will  is  dated  in  1704, but  was  not 
])rovod  till  1719.  He  had  two  sons  and  two 
daughters.  His"  eldest  son,  James,  the  father  of 
Gov.  B.,  by  his  industiy,  enterj)rise  and  economy 
having  acquired  a  great  estate  and  laid  the  foun- 
dation of  the  eminence  of  liis  family,  died  Sept. 
4,  1747,  aged  71 ;  he  also  left  two  sons,  James 
and  'William,  tlio  latter  by  his  second  wife. 

Mr.  Bowdoin  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college 
in  1745.  During  his  residence  at  the  university 
he  was  distinguished  by  his  genius  and  unwearied 
a])plication  to  his  studies,  while  his  modesty,  po- 
liteness, and  benevolence  gave  liis  friends  assurance 
that  liis  talents  would  not  be  prostituted,  nor  his 
future  eminence  em])loyed  for  the  jwomotion  of 
unworthy  ends.  When  he  arrived  at  the  age  of 
twenty-one  years,  he  came  in  jiossession  of  an 
ample  fortune,  left  him  by  his  father,  who  died 
Sept.  4,  1747.  He  was  now  in  a  situation  the 
most  threatening  to  his  literary  and  moral  im- 
l)rovement,  for  one  great  motive,  which  imjiels 
men  to  exertion,  coidd  have  no  inHuence  ujion 
liim,  and  his  great  wealth  put  it  comj)letely  in  his 
])ower  to  gratify  the  giddy  desires  of  youth.  But 
his  life  had  hitherto  been  regular,  and  he  now 
with  the  maturity  of  wisdom  adopted  a  system 
wliieh  was  most  rational,  pleasing,  and  useful.    He 


BOAVDOIN. 


BOWDOIN. 


109 


of 


determined  to  comliiiio  with  tlic  enjoyments  of 
domestic  and  social  life  a  course  of  Ntiidy  wiiicli 
sliould  enlarfje  and  jierfect  tlie  jiowers  of  his 
mind.  At  tlie  a;,'e  of  twenty-two  years  he  mar- 
ried a  dau^liter  of  John  I'.rvinf,'.  and  cennmenced 
a  system  of  literary  and  seientitic  research,  to 
which  lie  adhered  throti;,di  life. 

In  the  year  17.>.'i  the  citizens  of  lioston  elected 
him  one  of  their  reiiresentalives   in  the   fjenerid  ' 
court,  where  his  leurninf?  and  ehxiuence  soon  ren- 
dered him  conspicuous.     He   contiinied    in    this  i 
staticm   until  IT.Vi,  when  he  was  cIiom'u  into  the, 
council,  in  which  liody  he  was  lon<;  known  and 
respected.     AVilh  uniform  ability  and  patriotism 
he  advocated  the  cause  of  his  ccnuitry.     In  the 
dis])utes  which  laid  the  fomidation  of  the  .\ineri- 
can  revolution,  his  vvritiiif^s   and  exertions  were 
eminently  usefid.     (iovernors  llernard  and  Hutch- 
inson were  constrained  to  conless,  in  tiieir  conli- 
dential   letters  to  the  Uritish  ministry,  the  weij-ht 
of  his   ojjposition   to   their   measin-es.     In    17(>!) 
Uernard  negatived  him,  wluii   he  was  chosen  a 
mend)er  of  the  council,  in  consequence  of  which 
the  iidiabitants  of  Boston  aj^ain  elected  him  their 
representative  in  1770.     liutchinson,  who  in  this 
year  succeeded  to  the  governor's  chair,  jierniitted 
him  to  take  a  seat  at  the  council  hoard,  hecaiise, 
said  he,  "his  opposition  to  our  measures  will  he 
less  injurious  in  the  council,  than  in  the  house  of 
representatives."     He  was  chosen  a  delegate  to 
the  first  congress,  hut  the  illness  of  Mrs.  Bowdoin 
prevented  him  from  attending  witli  the  other  del- 
egates.    In  the  year  177i5,  a  year  most  critical 
and  important  to  America,  he  was  chosen  j>res- 
ident    of  the  council   of  Massachusetts,  and    he 
continued  in  that  oflice  the  greater  |)art  of  the 
time  till  the  ado|)tion  of  the  State  constitution  in 
1780.     He  was  president  of  the  convention  which 
formed  it ;  and  some  of  its  ini])ortant  articles  are 
the  result  of  Ids  knowledge  of  government. 

In  the  year  17<SJ,  after  the  resignation  of  Han- 
cock, he  was  chosen  governor  of  Massachusetts, 
and  was  re-elected  the  Ibllowing  year.  In  this 
oflice  his  wisdom,  firmness,  and  inilexil)le  integrity 
were  cons])icuous.  He  was  |)Iaced  at  the  head 
of  the  government  at  the  most  lud'ortunato  jieriod 
after  the  revolution.  The  sudden  influx  of  foreign 
luxm-ies  had  exhausted  the  country  of  its  specie, 
while  the  heavy  taxes  of  the  war  yet  hurthened 
the  ])eoj)lc.  This  state  of  suffering  awakened 
discontent,  and  the  spirit  of  disorder  was  cher- 
ished hyuidicensed  conventions,  which  were  arrayed 
against  the  legislature.  One  great  suhject  of 
comjilahit  was  the  administration  <,f  justice. 
Against  lawyers  and  courts  the  strongest  resent- 
ments were  manil'ested.  In  many  instances  the 
judges  were  restraiiu'd  iiy  moiis  from  jiroceeding 
in  the  execution  of  their  duty.  As  the  hisurgents 
became  more  audacious  from  the  lenient  meastires 
of  the  goverumeut  and  were  organizing  them- 


selves for  tlie  subversion  of  the  constitution,  it  be- 
came necessary  to  suppress  iiy  force  the  spirit  of 
insurrection.  Gov.  Iiowdoin  accordingly  ordered 
into  service  n]iwards  of  tiiur  thousand  of  the 
militia,  who  were  jdaccd  under  the  command  of 
the  veteran  Lincoln.  As  the  public  treasury  did 
not  afrord  the  ii,>  ans  of  putting  the  troops  in 
motion,  some  of  the  citizens  of  lioston  with  the 
governor  at  the  head  of  the  list  slibscrihed  in  a 
few  hours  a  snlllcient  stun  to  carry  on  the  projiosed 
ex])edilion.  This  decisive  step  rescued  the  gov-  ^ 
eminent  from  the  contempt  into  which  it  was 
sinking,  and  was  the  means  of  saving  the  coni- 
nionwealth.  The  dangerous  insurrection  of  Shays 
was  thus  completely  quelled. 

In  the  year  1787  (Jov.  Iiowdoin  was  succeeded 
by  Hancock,  in  conseciueiue  of  the  exertions  of 
the  discontented,  who  might  hope  for  greater 
clemency  from  another  chief  magistrate.  He 
died  in  Boston,  after  a  distressing  sickness  of 
tliree  months.  His  wile,  I'.lizalieth  I'.rving,  died 
in  May,  18(i;j,  aged  72.  He  left  two  children, 
.fames,  and  a  daughter  who  married  Sir  John 
Temple,  consul-general  of  CJreat  Britain  in  tho 
United  States,  and  died  Oct.  2(i,  ISO!). 

(jov.   Bowdoin  was  a  learned  man,  and  a  con- 
stant  and    generous    friend    of   literature.     He 
subscribed    liberally   for    the    restoration    of  the 
library  of  Harvard  college  in  the  year  1701,  when 
it  was  consumed  by  tire.     I  le  was  chosen  a  fellow 
of  the  corporation   in   the   year  177!);   but   the 
pressure  of  more  important  duties  induced  him 
to  resign  this  oflice  in  1781.     He  ever  felt,  how- 
ever, an  aflectionate  regard  for  the  interests  of 
the  college,  and  bequeathed  to  it  four  hundred 
l>ounds,  the  interest  of  which  was  to  be  applied 
to  the  distribution  of  premiums  among  the  stu- 
dents for  the  encouragement  of  useful  and  polite 
literature.     The  American  academy  of  arts  and 
sciences,  incorporated  at  Boston  May  I,  1780,  at 
a  time  wiien  our  country  was  in  the  dee]iest  dis- 
tress, was  formed  under  his  influence,  and  was  an 
object  of  his  constant  attention.     He  was  chosen 
its  first  ])resident,  and  he  continued  in  that  oflice 
till  his  death.     He  was  regarded  by  its  mqjnhers 
as  the  ];ride  and  ornament  of  their  institution. 
To  this  body  he  bc(iueatlied  one  hundred  pound.' 
and  his  valuable  library,  ccmsistiiig  of  upwards  of 
twelve  hundred  volumes  u])on  every  branch  of 
science.     He  was  also  one  of  the  founders  and 
the  ];resident  of  the  Massachusett.s  bank,  and  of 
the  humane  society  of  Massachusetts.     The  lit- 
erary  character   of  (iov.    Bowdoin   gained   him 
those  honors,  which  are  usually  conferred  on  men 
distinguished  for  their  literary  attainments.     He 
was  constituted  doctor  of  laws  by  tile  university 
of  I'.dinlmrgh,  and  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
royal  societies  of  London  and  Dublin. 
He  was  deeply  ccmvinced  of  tlie  truth  and  ex- 


cellence of  C'hrlstiaiiitv,  and  it  had  a  constant 


no 


BOWDOIN. 


BOWDOESr. 


effect  upon  his  life,  lie  was  for  more  than  thirty 
years  an  cxeni])lary  member  of  the  churcli  in 
Brattle  street,  to  the  poor  of  which  congref?ation 
he  bcqueathwl  a  hundred  jiounds.  His  cliaritics 
■wern  abundant,  lie  respected  the  injunctions  of 
the  pospel  of  Jesus  Clirist,  wliieh  lie  professed. 
He  knew  the  pleasures  and  advantages  of  fiiinily 
devotion,  and  he  conscientiously  observed  the 
Christian  sabbath,  j)resenting  liimself  habitually 
in  the  holy  temjile,  tliat  he  might  be  instructed 
in  religious  duty,  and  miglit  unite  willi  the  wor- 
shi])]icrs  of  God.  In  his  dying  addresses  to  his 
family  and  servants  he  reconnnended  the  Chris- 
tian religion  to  them  as  of  transcendent  importance, 
and  assured  them,  tliat  it  was  the  only  founda- 
tion of  peace  and  ha])])iness  in  life  and  death. 
As  the  hoio'  of  his  dei)arture  apj)roaehed,  he 
cxj)ressed  his  satisfaction  in  the  thought  of 
going  to  the  full  enjoyment  of  God  and  his  llc- 
deemcr. 

Gov.  liowdoin  was  the  author  of  a  poetic  "Par- 
aphrase of  the  Economy  of  Human  Life,"  dated 
March  28,  1759.  He  also  jjublished  a  philo- 
80])hieal  discourse,  ])ui)licly  addressed  to  the 
American  academy  of  arts  and  sciences  in  lioston 
Nov.  8,  1780,  when  he  was  inducted  into  the  olllce 
of  i)rc:.iJent.  This  is  i)refi.\cd  to  the  first  volume 
of  the  society's  memoirs.  In  this  work  he  pub- 
lished several  other  jjroductions,  which  manifest 
no  common  taste  and  talents  in  astronomical  in- 
quiries. The  followuig  are  the  titles  of  tlicm : 
Observations  upon  an  hyjjothesis  for  solving  the 
phenomena  of  liglit,  wiiii  incidental  observations 
tending  to  show  the  heterogcneousness  of  light, 
and  of  the  electric  fluid,  by  their  iniion  witli  each 
other  J  Observations  on  light  and  the  waste  of 
matter  in  tlie  sun  and  fixed  stars  occasioned  by 
the  constant  efilux  of  light  from  them ;  Obser- 
vations tending  to  ])rove  by  i)henomena  and 
scripture  the  existence  of  an  orb,  which  surrounds 
the  whole  material  system,  and  which  may  be 
necessary  to  preserve  it  from  the  ruin,  to  which, 
without  such  a  counterbalance,  it  seems  liable  by 
that  universal  j)rinci])le  in  matter,  gravitation. 
He  svijjjo.ses,  that  the  blue  exjianse  of  the  sky  is 
a  real  concave  body  cncom])assing  all  visible  na- 
ture ;  that  the  milliy  way  and  the  lucid  sjjots  in 
the  heavens  are  gajjs  in  this  orb,  through  which 
the  light  of  exterior  orbs  readies  us ;  and  that 
thus  an  inlinia'ion  may  bo  given  of  orb.<  on  orbs 
and  systems  on  systems  innumerable  and  incon- 
ceivably grand.  —  'L'hadievs  Fun.  So:  ;  LuweU'ts 
Euloijii ;  MiiKH.  Mill/,  in.  u-8,  '304,  'Mo,  SI 2  ; 
Univcr.  Asijl.  r.  73-70 ;  Mitlir,  ii. ;  Miiwt'.s  Jli.if. 
Insur.  ;  Mtnx/m/l,  v.  121 ;  Aincr.  Qiiar.  Her.,  II. 
605;    Mi/iiir  Ilisf.  ColL  181;    Klii.t. 

BOWDOIX,  J.VMKs,  tlie  son  of  the  preceding, 
died  Oct.  11,  1811,  aged  58.  He  was  born 
Sept.  22,  1752.  After  he  graduated  at  Harvard 
college  in  1771,  lie  proceeded  to  England,  where 


ho  prosecuted  the  study  of  the  law  nearly  a 
year  at  the  university  of  Oxford.  After  revis- 
iting his  native  country  he  sailed  again  for  Eu- 
ro]ie,  and  travelled  in  Italy,  Holland,  and  Eng- 
land. On  lieariiig  ot  the  l)".ttle  of  Lexington  he 
returned  liome.  The  anxieties  of  his  father  j)rc- 
vented  him  from  engaging  in  military  service,  to 
which  he  was  inclined.  Before  the  close  of  the 
war  lie  married  the  daughter  of  Mr.  William 
Bowdoin.the  half  brother  of  his  father.  Devoting 
mucli  of  his  time  to  literary  jiursuits  at  his  resi- 
dence in  Dorchester,  lie  yet  sustained  succes- 
sively the  public  offices  of  representative,  senator, 
and  councillor. 

Soon  after  the  incorporation  of  the  college, 
whicli  bears  the  name  of  Bowdoin,  he  made  to  it 
a  donation  of  one  thousand  acres  of  land  and 
more  than  eleven  hundred  j;ounds.  About  this 
time  he  was  chosen  a  fellow,  or  elected  into  the 
corjioration  of  Harvard  college,  and  retained  the 
oflice  seven  years.  Having  received  a  commission 
from  Mr.  Jefferson,  the  Eresident  of  the  United 
States,  as  minister  i:leni|;otenliary  to  the  court  of 
Madrid,  he  ciilcd  May  10,  1805,  and  was  abroad 
until  April  18,  1808.  The  oljects  of  his  mission, 
which  related  to  the  settlement  of  the  limits  of 
Louisiana,  the  purchase  of  Florida,  and  the  pro- 
curing of  compensation  for  repeated  spoliations  of 
American  commerce,  were  not  accomplished. 
1  )uring  his  absence  he  spent  two  years  in  Paris, 
where  he  ];urchascd  many  books,  a  collection  of 
well  arranged  minerals,  and  fine  models  of  crys- 
tallograj)hy,  which  he  afterwards  presented  to 
Bowdoin  college.  After  his  return  much  of  his 
time  was  sjient  u])on  his  family  estate,  tlie  valuable 
island  of  Naushaun,  near  Martha's  Vineyard. 
At  this  time  his  translation  of  Daubenton's  "Ad- 
vice to  Sliejiherds  "  was  jjublished  for  the  benefit 
i  of  the  owners  of  sheep.  He  had  previously  pub- 
lished, anonymously,  "  Opinions  resjjccting  the 
commercial  intercourse  between  the  United  States 
and  Great  Britain."  In  July,  1811,  he  executed 
a  deed  to  Bowdoin  college  of  six  thousand  acres 
in  the  town  of  Lisbon.  By  his  last  will  he  be- 
queathed to  the  college  several  articles  of  philo- 
so])hical  ajijjaratus,  a  costly  collection  of  seventy 
fine  jiaintings,  and  the  reversion  of  Nauthaun 
island  on  the  failure  of  issue  male  of  the  devisees. 
The  college  claims  arc  now  settled. 

After  a  long  period  of  infirmity  and  of  painful 
attacks  of  disease  he  died  without  children.  His 
widow  married  Gen.  Henry  Dearborn.  At  her 
decease  she  left  a  sum  of  money  and  a  number  of 
valuable  family  j:ortraits  to  the  college.  The 
name  'i'  James  Bowdoin  was  borne  by  one  of  the 
heirs  of  his  estate,  —  the  son  of  his  niece  who 
married  Thomas  L.  Whithrop,  the  lieutenant  gov- 
ernor of  Massachusetts.  —  JciiLs'  Knhuiy. 

BOWDOIX,  JAMi:is,of  Boston,  died  in  Havana 
March  (j,  1833,  aged  38;  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin 


V, 


ninful 

His 

U  her 
il)er  of 
The 
the 
Avho 
It  gov- 


BOWEX. 

collcf^c  in  1814.  lie  was  the  son  of  Lieut.  Gov. 
Winthro]).  1  Ic  took  the  name  of  his  Rrandfather 
Bowdoin  and  ruceivt-d  a  coniiictent  fortune,  llc- 
linquishiuf^  tlie  practice  of  the  law.  he  devoted 
liimself  to  hlerature,  especially  to  history.  The 
chronoloftical  index  of  the  ten  vols,  of  second 
series  of  the  Historical  Society  was  made  out  hy 
him,  and  he  performed  otlier  useful  labors  for  the 
society.  A  brief  memoir  is  in  lliist.  Coll.  'ill  series; 
vol.  IX. 

BOWEX,  Jabix,  L.L.  T).,  lieut.  governor  of 
Rhode  Island,  was  horn  in  Providence,  (graduated 
at  Yale  colle{;e  in  1707,  and  died  May  7,  ISl.i, 
aged  75  years.  For  thirty  years  he  was  the  chan- 
cellor of  the  colle';;e  at  Providence  as  the  successor 
of  Gov.  Hopkins.  During  the  Itevolntionary  war 
ho  was  devoted  to  the  cause  of  his  countr}-,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  board  of  war,  judge  of  the  | 
Kui)reme  court,  and  lieut.  governor.  Of  the  na- 
tional convention  at  Annaiiolis  and  of  the  State 
convention  to  consider  tiie  constitution  he  was  a 
member.  During  the  administration  of  M'ash- 
ington  he  was  commissioner  of  loans  for  Khode 
Island.  Of  the  IJiblo  society  of  J  I.  J.  he  was  the 
president.  In  the  maturity  of  liis  years  hi;  be- 
came a  member  of  the  first  Congregational  church. 
His  great  capacity  for  jjublic  business,  joined  to  his 
unquestioned  integrity,  gave  him  an  elevated  char- 
acter and  great  iniluence  in  society.  A  gentleman 
of  the  same  name  was  a  judge  of  the  superior 
court  in  Georgia ;  havhig  in  an  elegant  charge, 
delivered  at  Savannah,  made  some  imprudent 
remarks  concerning  the  colored  population,  the 
grand  jury  presented  his  charge,  in  consequence 
of  which  he  sent  them  all  to  prison,  lie  was 
removed  from  office,  and,  it  is  said,  died  insane  at 
Philadelpliia. 

BO  WEN,  P.iRDON,  M.  D.,  a  distinguished  jihy- 
sician,  died  Oct.  23, 1826,  aged  G9.  He  was  l)orn 
in  Pro\idence  March  22,  1737.  lUchard  Bowen 
i.s  said  to  have  been  his  ancestor ;  perhajis  it  was 
Grifl'eth  Bowen,  who  lived  in  Boston  in  1G39.  His 
father  was  Dr.  Ephraim  Bowen,  an  eminent  phy- 
iiieian  of  Providence,  who  died  Oct.  21,  1812, 
aged  96  years.  After  graduating  at  the  college 
of  llhode  Island  in  1773,  he  studied  with  his 
brother,  Dr.  William  Bowen,  and  embarked  as 
surgeon  in  a  privateer  in  1779.  Though  captured 
and  imprisoned  seven  months  at  Halifax,  he  was 
not  deterred  I'rom  engaging  rejjeatedly  in  similar 
entcrj)rises,  resulting  iu  new  imi)risonments.  In 
1782  he  reached  home  and  was  content  to  remain 
on  shore.  In  1783  he  repaired  to  Philadelphia 
for  his  improvement  in  liis  j)rofession  at  the  med- 
ical school.  After  his  return  it  was  but  gradually 
that  he  obtained  practice.  At  length  his  succe.Ms 
was  amj)le ;  his  eminence  in  medicine  and  surgery 
were  undisputed.  During  the  prevalence  of  the 
yellow  fever  he  shrank  not  from  the  peril ;  more 
than  once  was  he  attacked  by  that  disease.    For 


BOWIE. 


ni 


much  of  his  success  he  was  indebted  to  his  study 
of  idiosyncrasy,  or  of  the  ]'ecuUarities,  moral,  in- 
tellectual and  physical,  of  his  patients.  In  1820 
he  experienced  an  attack  of  the  palsy,  which  ter- 
minated his  professional  labors,  in  consequence  of 
which  he  retired  to  the  residence  of  his  son-in-law, 
Franklin  Greene,  at  Potowoinvit  (Warwick),  where 
he  jjassed  years  of  suflbring,  sometimes  amount- 
ing to  agony.  In  the  ht'e-giving  energy  of  the 
doctrines,  precepts,  and  promises  of  the  Bii)le  he 
found  the  only  adecpiate  sujiport  and  solace. 
His  wife,  who  survived  him,  was  the  daughter  of 
Henry  Ward,  secretary  of  Bhode  Island.  Dr. 
liowen  sustahicd  an  excellent  character;  he  was 
modest,  upright,  afi'able ;  free  from  covetousness 
and  ambition  ;  benificent ;  and  in  his  last  days  an 
example  of  Christian  holiness.  He  publislied  an 
elaborate  account  of  the  yellow  fever  of  Pron- 
(lence  in  1803  in  Hosack's  medical  register,  vol. 
IV. —  T/i(ir/n'r's  JIiil.  llimj. 

I!()Wi;X,  WiM,i.\M  C.,  :M.  D.,  professor  of 
chemistry  in  Brown  university,  lueived  this  aji- 
])ointnient  in  1812,  and  died  .\i)vil  2.'{,  1813,  aged 
29.  He  was  the  only  son  of  Dr.  William  Bowen, 
who  was  an  eminent  ])ractitioner  at  the  age  of 
80  years,  and  was  born  June  2,  1783.  Atler 
graduating  at  Union  college  in  1703,  he  studied 
medicine  with  Dr.  Pardon  Bowen  ;  also  at  Edin- 
burgh and  Paris,  and  at  London  as  the  private 
pupil  of  Sir  Astley  Coo]ier.  He  did  not  return 
till  Aug.  1811.  Experiments  to  discover  the 
composition  of  the  bleaching  liquor,  just  lirought 
hito  use  in  England,  laid  the  foundatitm  of  the 
disease  which  terminated  his  lil'e.  He  married  a 
daughter  of  Col.  Olney.  Though  his  labors  on 
chlorine  impaired  his  ])ro])erty  and  destroyed  his 
life,  they  led  to  the  creation  of  the  valuable 
bleaelnng  estaldishments  of  Bhode  Island. — 
Thar/ier'.s  Med.  liioij. 

BOWEX,  X.vniANiF.1,,  D.  D.,  bishop  of  South 
Carolina,  died  Aug.  23.,  1839,  aged  39. 

BOM'EX,  CllAKl.KS,  died  Dec.  19,  1813,  aged 
38,  drowned  with  his  wife  and  oldest  child  by  the 
sinking  of  the  steamer  Belle  Zane  in  the  Missis- 
sippi, by  striking  a  snag,  five  hundred  miles  above 
Xew  Orleans.  He  lived  in  Zanesville,  Ohio,  but 
was  a  native  of  Charlestown,  and  in  Boston  ])ub- 
lislied  for  several  years  the  North  American  Re- 
view, Amer.  Almanac,  Token,  and  other  works. 

BOWIE,  RoiiEUT,  general,  governor  of  Mary- 
land, succeeded  John  T".  Mercer  as  governor  in 
1803,  and  was  succeeded  by  Robert  Wright  in 
1803.  He  was  again  governor  in  1811,  but  the 
next  year  was  succeeded  by  Levin  Winder.  He 
died  at  Nottuigham  in  Jan.,  1818,  aged  64.  He 
was  an  officer  of  the  Revolution,  and  j)rescnts  one 
of  the  multitude  of  instances  in  America  of  the 
success  of  patriotism,  integrity,  and  benevolence, 
unassisted  by  the  advantages  of  wealth  or  of  a 
learned  education. 


112 


BOWLES. 


BOYD. 


BOWLES,  William  A.,  nn  Indian  aRcnt,  died 
Dec.  2.'J,  ISO.j.  lie  was  horn  in  I'rcdcric  county, 
the  Hon  of  a,  RchoolmaNter  in  Maryland,  who  was 
nn  Englishman  and  brother  of  Carington  B., 
kecjjcr  of  the  famous  ])rint-slio]5,  Ludj;ate  hill, 
London.  At  the  afje  of  thirteen  Bowles  privately 
left  his  ])arents  and  joined  the  British  army  at 
Philadelphia.  Afterwards  he  entered  the  service 
of  the  Creek  Indians  and  married  an  Indian  wo- 
man. Ferocious  like  the  savages,  he  instigated 
them  to  many  of  their  excesses.  The  British  re- 
warded him  for  his  exertions.  After  the  peace  he 
went  to  England.  On  liis  return  his  influence 
with  the  Indians  was  so  disastrous,  that  the  Span- 
iards offered  six  thousand  dollars  for  his  apj)re- 
hension.  He  was  cntra])])ed  in  Feb.,  1792,  and 
sent  a  prisoner  to  ^ladrid  and  thence  to  ^lanilla 
in  1  "!).>.  Having  leave  to  goto  I'.urojjc,  ho  re- 
paired to  the  Creeks  and  eommence'l  his  depre- 
dations anew  ;  but  being  again  betrayed  in  1804 
into  the  hands  of  the  Sj)aniards,  ho  was  confined 
in  the  Moro  castle,  Havana,  where  he  died.  Such 
is  the  miserable  end  of  most  of  the  unjirineiijled 
adventurers,  of  whom  there  is  any  account.  A 
memoir  of  him  was  published  in  London,  1791,  in 
which  he  is  called  ambassador  from  the  united 
nations  of  Creeks  and  Cherokees.  — Jcnnison. 

BOYD,  Thomas,  a  soldier,  Avho  perished  by  the 
hands  of  the  Indians,  was  a  jirivate  soldier  be- 
longing to  Cajit.  Matthew  Smith's  rcnnsylvania 
rifle  comjjany,  in  Arnold's  expedition  through  the 
wilderness  of  Maine  to  Quebec  in  177j.  He  was 
the  largest  and  strongest  man  in  the  conii)any. 
He  was  taken  prisoner  in  the  assault,  Dec.  31. 
After  Ijcing  exchanged  he  was  a  lieutenant  in  the 
first  Pennsylvania  regiment,  and  accomj)anicd  Gen. 
Sullivan  in  his  expedition  against  the  Indians  in 
the  Seneca  country.  New  York,  in  Aug.  and 
Scjjt.,  1779.  When  the  army  had  marched  be- 
yond Canandaigua,  and  was  near  the  Genesee 
town  on  the  Genesee  river,  Boyd  was  sent  out  in 
the  evening  of  Sept.  12  to  recoiuioitre  the  town 
six  miles  distant.  He  took  twenty-six  men,  with 
an  Oneida  chief,  named  Han-Jost.  The  guides 
mistook  the  road,  and  led  him  to  a  castle  six 
miles  higher  up  the  river  than  Genesee.  Here  a 
few  Indians  were  discovered,  of  whom  two  were 
killed  and  scal])ed.  On  his  return  Boyd  was  in- 
tercepted by  several  hundred  Indians  and  rangers 
under  Butler.  His  flanking  parties  escaped;  but 
lie  and  fourteen  men  with  the  Oneida  chief  were 
encircled.  Besorting  to  a  small  grove  of  trees, 
surrounded  with  a  cleared  space,  he  fought  des- 
perately till  all  his  men  but  one  were  killed  and 
he  himself  was  shot  through  the  body.  The  next 
day  his  body  and  that  of  his  companion,  IMichael 
Parker,  were  found  at  Genesee,  barbarously  muti- 
lated. The  Indians  had  cruelly  whipped  him; 
stabbed  him  with  spears ;  pidled  out  his  nails ; 
plucked  out  au  eye,  and  cut  out  his  tongue.    Ilis 


head  was  cut  ofT.  Simpson,  afterwards  general, 
his  companion  at  Quebec,  decently  buried  him. 
His  M^ilj),  hooped  and  painted,  found  in  one  of 
the  wigu 'ins,  was  recognized  by  Simjjson  by  its 
long,  br()\  I,  silky  hair.  —  Maine  Hist.  Coll.  I. 
4H);  AmciK'Ht  Jtcmenihrancct;  1780,  162. 

BOYD,  WiLLLVM,  minister  of  Lamington  in 
Now  Jersey,  died  May  15,  1808.  He  was  de- 
scended from  Scottish  ancestors,  who  emigrated 
to  Pennsylvania.  He  was  bom  in  Franklin  county, 
17ij8.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  lost  his  father,  but 
about  the  same  time  it  pleased  the  Father  of 
mercies  to  turn  him  from  darkness  to  light.  His 
collegial  education  was  completed  at  Princeton  in 
1778,  under  the  presidency  of  Dr.  Witherspoon. 
After  pursuing  the  study  of  theology  with  Dr. 
Allison,  of  Baltimore,  he  commenced  preaching 
the  gos])el.  His  jiojiularity  and  talents  would 
have  procured  him  a  conspicuous  situation ;  but 
ho  was  destitute  of  ambition.  He  preferred  a 
retired  situation,  and  accepted  the  call  of  Laming- 
ton. Here  he  continued  till  his  death.  A  lively 
faith  in  the  liedeemer  gave  him  hope  and  triumph. 
He  was  a  man  of  unfeigned  humility,  amiable  in 
the  various  relations  of  life,  and  remarkable  for 
prudence  and  moderation  in  all  his  dci)ortment. 
He  was  a  j)reacher  of  jjeculiar  excellence.  Deeply 
penetrated  himself  with  a  sense  of  the  total  de- 
pravity of  the  human  heart,  and  of  the  inability 
of  man  to  perform  anj-thing  acceptable  to  God 
without  the  influence  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  he  en- 
deavored to  impress  those  truths  on  others.  He 
dwelt  upon  the  necessity  of  a  Divine  atonement, 
and  of  faith  in  the  Redeemer,  in  order  to  justifica- 
tion ;  upon  the  riches  of  Divine  grace  and  the 
encouragements  of  the  gospel  to  the  humble  and 
contrite  ;  upon  the  dangers  of  self-deception  and 
the  false  refuges  of  the  wicked.  He  was  remark- 
able for  a  natural  facility  and  perspicuity  of 
ex])rcssion.  For  a  few  years  ho  wrote  his  ser- 
mons and  committed  them  to  memory ;  but  for 
the  remainder  of  his  life  he  depended,  after  hav- 
ing digested  his  subject,  upon  the  vigor  of  liis 
jjowers.  A  jjenotrating  eye,  natural  gestures,  a 
sweet  and  commanding  voice,  and  an  irreproacha- 
ble character,  gave  weight  and  authority  to  his 
words.  But  his  labors,  like  those  of  many  other 
good  men,  were  attended  with  only  a  gradual  in- 
crease of  the  church  committed  to  his  care. 

He  was  formed  no  loss  for  society  than  for  the 
pul})it,  having  a  friendly  disposition,  being  ani- 
mated in  conversation,  aeeonnnodating  himself  to 
the  tempers  of  others,  and  mingling  condescen- 
sion with  dignity. —  Evaixj.  Iiitcllir/.  Miiij,  1808. 

BOYD,  John  P.,  brigadier-general  in  the  army 
of  the  United  States,  died  at  Boston  Oct.  4, 1830, 
aged  (!2.  He  commanded  the  detachment  of 
fifteen  hundred  men  of  Williamson's  army,  which 
fought  the  battle  of  Williamsburg,  Upper  Canada, 
with  eighteen  hundred  of  the  enemy,  the  garri- 


BOYD. 


BOYLSTON. 


113 


Rons  of  Kingston  and  Prcscott,  Nov.  11,  1813. 1 
111  this  severe  action  i)rif?;ulier-gcneral  Covington 
Wrts  killed  ;  the  .\mericaii  loss  was  three  hundred 
thirty-nine;  the  llritish  one  hundred  eighty-one. 
This  British  force  heing  in  the  rear,  and  the  co- 
operation of  Hampton  having  failed,  the  jjroposed 
descent  to  Montreal  was  abandoned,  and  the 
American  army  recrosscd  the  St.  Lawrence  and 
went  into  winter  quarters  at  Trench  Mills.  Gen. 
Boyd  was  a  good  ollicer ;  his  early  military  career 
was  ill  India.  But  this  service  was  of  a  ])eculiar 
kind.  lie  organized  three  battalions,  each  of 
about  five  hundred  men,  and  liad  also  a  small  ir- 
regular force.  He  had  six  cannon,  tiirce  or  four 
clci)hants,  and  as  many  English  officers.  He 
hired  his  men  and  his  officers  at  a  certain  number 
of  rujjees  a  month.  Tliis  corps,  as  regarded  arms 
and  equipments,  was  liis  sole  property ;  and  in 
the  command  of  it  he  entered  the  servifcc  of  any 
of  the  Indian  princes  who  would  give  him  the 
best  pay.  Once  he  was  in  the  pay  of  Ilolkar ; 
afterwards  in  the  I'eshwas  service ;  then,  quitting 
the  Mahratta  territory,  he  was  hired  for  the  ser- 
vice of  Nizam  Ally  Khan.  Then  he  marched  to 
Poona,  and,  havhig  no  eligible  offer  of  emi)loy- 
mcnt,  he  sold  out  his  elephants,  guns,  arms,  and 
equipments,  to  Col.  Felose,  a  Neapolitan  j)artisan, 
who  acquired  the  implements,  elejiliantine  and 
human,  for  carrying  on  the  same  trade  of  hired 
ruffianship.  In  1808  he  was  in  I'aris.  After  the 
war  he  received  the  appointment  of  naval  officer 
for  the  port  of  Boston.  lie  published  documents 
and  facts  relative  to  military  events  during  the  late 
war,  181G.  — Boston  Weekly  Messeiujer,  viii.  774. 

BOYD,  William,  died  in  1800,  a  graduate  of 
Harvard  in  1790.  He  wrote  a  poem  on  Woman, 
and  other  jiieces. 

BOYLE,  John,  chief  justice  of  Kentucky,  died 
Jan.  28,  18lf4.  lie  had  been  a  judge  of  the  cii-- 
ciiit  court  of  the  United  States,  and  was  able  and 
distinguished. 

BOYLSTON,  Zabdiel,  F.  11.  S.,  an  eminent 
physician,  who  first  introduced  the  inoculation  of 
the  small  i)ox  in  America,  died  at  Boston  March 
1,  1700,  aged  80.  lie  was  born  of  respectable 
parents  at  Brookline,  Mass.,  in  1080.  His  father 
was  Peter  B.,  the  son  of  Doctor  Thomas  B.,  who 
received  his  medical  degree  at  Oxford,  and  came 
to  this  country  and  settled  in  Brookline  in  ]0.'5j. 
After  a  good  private  education,  he  stuilicd  phy.'iic 
under  the  care  of  Dr.  John  Cutler,  an  eminent 
j)hysician  and  surgeon  of  ISostoii,  and  in  a  few 
years  arrived  at  great  distinction  in  his  proiession, 
and  accumulated  a  handsome  fortune,  lie  was 
remarkable  for  his  skill,  his  hunr.uiity,  and  his 
close  attention  to  his  patients.  Lithe  ye;u'  1721 
the  small  jiox  i>revail(-d  in  Boston,  and  being 
fatal,  like  the  plague,  it  carried  with  it  tlie  utmost 
terror.  Tliis  calamity  had  not  visited  the  town 
since  the  year  1702,  in  wliich  year,  as  well  as  in 

15 


the  year  1092,  it  had  proved  destructive  to  the 
lives  of  many,  though  it  was  much  less  mortal 
than  when  it  apjieared  in  the  year  107N.     On  its 
re-ap])earaiic(',  ])r.  Cotton  Mather,  who  had  read 
in  a  volume  of  the  philosophical  transactions,  put 
into  his  hands  by  Dr.  I)(niglass,  two  communica- 
tions  from  the    east,   the  one   from  Timoni  at 
Constantinople,  and  the  other  from  Pylarini,  the 
Venetian  consul  at  Smyrna,  giving  an  account  of 
the  ]iractice  of  inoculation  for  the  small  ])ox,  con- 
ceived the  idea   of  introducing   this   practice  in  \ 
Boston.     lie   accordingly,   June  fl,  addressed  a 
letter  to  the  physicians  of  Boston,  inclosing  an 
abridgment    of  those    communications,  and  re- 
questing them  to  meet  and  take  the  subject  into 
consideration.     As  this  request  was  treated  with 
neglect, he  wrote  to  Dr.  Boylston  separately,  Juno 
24,  and  sent  him  all  the  information  which  ho 
had  collected,  in  the  ho])e  that  he  would  be  per- 
suaded to  embrace  a  new  and  favorable  means  for 
the  preservation  of  human  life.     Dr.   Boylston 
hapjiily  was  a  man  of  benevolence  and  courage. 
When  there  was  before  him  a  promising  opportu- 
nity for  diminisliing  the  evils  of  human  life,  he 
was  not  afraid  to  struggle  with  prejudice,  nor 
unwilling  to  encoimter  abuse.     The  practice  would 
be  entirely  new  in  America,  and  it  was  not  known 
that  it  had  been  introduced  into  I'Jurope.     Yet 
he  determined  to  venture  upon  it.     He  first  in- 
oculated, June  20th,  his  son  Thomas,  of  the  age 
of  six  jears,  and  two  of  his  servants.     Itlncour- 
aged  by  the  success  of  this  experiment,  he  began 
to   enlarge  his  practice.    The   other  physicians 
gave  their  unanimous  opinion  against  inocidation, 
as  it  would  infuse  a  malignity   into  the  blood ; 
and  the  selectmen  of  Boston  forbade  it  in  July. 
But  these   discouragements  did  not  quench  tlie 
zeal  and  benevolence,  which  were  now  excited; 
though  prejudice  might  have  triuniphcd  over  an 
enlightened  practice,  if  the  clergy  had  not  step- 
ped in  to  aid  the  jiroject.     Six  venerable  ministers 
of  Boston  gave  their  whole  influence  in  its  fltvor; 
and  the  weight  of  their  character,  the  confidence 
which  was  reposed  in  their  wisdom,  and  the  deep 
reverence   insjiired   by  their  piety,  were  hardly 
sufficient  to  preserve  the  growing  light  from  ex- 
1  tinction.     They  were  abused,  but  tin y  tiiumphed. 
!  July  17,  Dr.   Boylston  inoculated  his  m\\  John, 
1  who  was  older  than  Thomas,  and  Aug.  23,  his 
I  son    Zabdiel,   aged  14.     During   the  year  1721 
i  and   the  beginning   of    1722  he   inoculated  two 
'  hundred  and  forty-seven  ]iers()ii.s  in    Boston  and 
I  the  neighboring  towns.     Thirty-nine  were  inocu- 
lated by  other  jjliysicians,  making  in  the  whole 
two  hundred  and  eighty-six,  of  whom  only  six 
died.     During  the  same  jjerioil,  of  five  tliinisand 
seven  hundred  and   fifty-nine  jicrsoiis,  who  had 
till'  small  pox  in  the  natural  way,  eight  hundred 
and  forty-four  died.     The  utility  of  the  practice 
was  now  established  beyond  dispute,  nul  its  sue- 


ri4 


nOYLSTOX. 


cess  cncmirafjc'd  its  more  general  introduction  in 
England,  in  whicii  country  it  hnd  l)cen  tried  u])on 
a  few  ])cr»ons,  most  or  uU  of  whom  were  convicts. 
In  the  prosecution  of  his  good  work  J)r.  IJoylston 
was  obliged  to  meet  not  only  the  most  virulent, 
but  the  most  dangerous  opijosition.  Dr.  J.aw- 
rcncc  Dnlhonde,  a  French  jjhysician  in  Uoston, 
gave  his  dej)osition  concerning  the  ])ernicious 
effects  of  inoculation,  which  he  had  witnessed  in 
Eurojie.  The  deposition,  dated  July  22,  was  j)ul)- 
lished  liy  the  selectmen,  the  rulers  of  tiie  town, 
in  their  zeal  against  the  practice.  J)r.  ])ouglass, 
a  Scotchman,  violent  in  his  ])rejudiccs,  and  bitter 
nnd  outrageous  in  his  ccmduct,  bent  his  whole 
force  to  annihilate  the  ])ractice,  which  had  been 
introduced.  One  argument,  which  he  brought 
against  it,  was  that  it  was  a  crime,  whicli  came 
under  the  descrijition  of  jioisoning  and  sj)reading 
infection,  which  were  nuulc  penal  by  the  laws  of 
England.  In  the  [mmjihlets,  which  were  pub- 
lished in  1721  and  1722,  various  khids  of  reason- 
ing a''c  found,  'i'hc  following  extracts  will  give 
some  idea  of  the  spirit  of  them.  "  To  spread 
abroad  a  moral  contagion,  what  is  it  but  to  cast 
abroad  arrows  aiul  death  P  If  a  man  should  wil- 
fully throw  a  bomb  into  a  to\ni,  liurn  a  house,  or 
kill  a  man,  ought  he  not  to  die  ?  I  do  not  see 
how  wc  can  be  excused  from  great  im])iety 
herein,  when  ministers  and  ])eoj)le,  with  loud  and 
strong  cries,  made  supplications  to  almighty  God 
to  avert  the  judgment  of  the  small  pox,  and  at 
the  same  time  some  have  been  carrying  about 
instruments  of  inoculation  and  bottles  of  the 
poisonous  humor,  to  infect  all  who  were  willing 
to  submit  to  it,  whereby  wc  might  as  naturally 
exjject  the  infection  to  sj)read,  as  a  man  to  break 
liis  bones  by  casting  himself  headlong  from  the 
highest  pinnacle.  Can  any  man  inl'ect  a  family 
in  the  town  in  the  morning,  and  pray  to  God  in 
the  evening,  that  the  distemper  may  not  sjjreadP" 
It  was  contended,  that,  as  the  small  jjox  was  a 
judgment  from  God  for  the  sins  of  the  peojjle, 
to  endeavor  to  avert  the  stroke  would  but  provoke 
him  the  more ;  that  inoculation  was  an  encroach- 
ment ujion  the  prerogatives  of  Jehovah,  vhose 
right  it  was  to  wound  and  to  smite ;  and  that,  as 
there  was  an  ap])ointed  time  to  man  upon  earth, 
it  would  be  useless  to  attempt  to  stay  the  ap- 
proach of  death. 

The  people  became  so  cxasi)erated,  that  it  was 
unsafe  for  Dr.  IJoylston  to  travel  in  the  evening. 
They  even  paraded  the  streets  with  halters  and 
threatened  to  hang  him.  But  his  cool  and  deter- 
mined spirit,  suj)portcd  by  his  trust  in  God, 
enabled  liim  to  ijcrsevere.  As  he  believed  him- 
self to  be  in  the  way  of  his  duty,  he  did  not  trem- 
ble at  the  a])])rolieusion  of  the  evils  which  might 
come  u])on  b.iin.  When  his  Ihniily  were  alarmed 
for  his  safety,  he  e\])rcssed  to  them  his  resigna- 
tion to  t]i(>  will  of  heaven.     To  such  a  height  was 


BOYLSTOX. 

the  popular  fury  raised,  that  a  lighted  gran  ado 
was  thrown  in  the  night  into  the  chamber  of  Mr. 
Walter,  minister  of  Itoxbury,  who  had  been  \tn- 
vafely  inoculated  in  the  house  of  his  uncle.  Dr. 
.Matlier  of  Doston.  'I'he  shell,  however,  was  Tiot 
idled  with  jjowder,  but  with  a  mixture  of  brim- 
stone and  bituminous  matter. 

Had  Dr.  Uoylston  gone  at  this  time  to  Eng- 
land, he  might  have  accumulated  a  fortune  i)y 
his  skill  in  treating  the  small  \m\.  He  did  not 
however  visit  that  country  till  1725,  when  inocu- 
lation was  common.  He  was  then  received  with 
the  most  flattering  attention.  He  was  chosen  a 
membt'r  of  the  royal  society,  though  he  was  not, 
as  Dr.  Thacher  supposes,  the  first  American  thus 
honored,  for  Dr.  Cotton  Mather  was  elected  in 
1713.  He  enjoyed  the  friendship  of  some  of  the 
most  distinguished  characters  of  the  nation.  Of 
these  he  used  to  mention  with  great  respect  and 
aflection  Dr.  Watts,  with  whom  he  corrcsjjonded. 
After  his  return  to  liis  native  country  he  continued 
at  the  head  of  his  profession,  and  engaged  in  a 
number  of  literary  jjursuits.  His  communications 
to  the  royal  society  were  ingenious  and  useful. 
After  a  long  period  of  eminence  and  skill  in  his 
profession,  liis  age  and  infirmities  induced  liim  to 
retire  to  his  jjatrimonial  estate  in  Brookline,  where 
he  passed  the  remainder  of  his  days.  He  had 
the  jjlcasure  of  seeing  inocidation  universally 
practised,  and  of  knowing,  that  he  was  himself 
considered  as  one  of  the  benefactors  of  mankind. 
Occupied  in  his  lost  days  in  agricultural  pursuits, 
he  bestowed  much  care  on  the  improvement  of 
the  breed  of  horses.  Those  of  his  own  farm 
were  celebrated.  It  seems  that  he  had  a  vigor- 
ous old  age,  notwithstanding  the  asthma,  vvliich 
afflicted  him  forty  years,  for  he  was  seen  at  the 
age  of  84,  in  the  streets  of  Boston,  ridmg  a  colt, 
wliich,  as  an  excellent  horseman,  he  was  brcalving 
to  the  bit.  He  died  saying  to  his  friends,  "my 
work  in  this  world  is  done,  and  my  hojjes  of  futu- 
rity arc  brightening."  His  wife,  who  died  before 
him,  was  Jerusha  Minot  of  Boston.  His  second 
son,  John,  a  merchant,  died  at  Bath,  England, 
Jan.  17,  1795,  ar':c'd  80,  bequeatliing  much  to  his 
native  town.  The  inscription  upon  his  tond)  rep- 
resents, that  through  a  life  of  extensive  benefi- 
cence he  was  always  faitliful  to  his  word,  just  in 
his  dealings,  affable  in  his  manners,  and  that  after 
a  long  sickness,  in  which  he  was  exemplary  for 
his  patience  and  resignation  to  his  Maker,  he 
quitted  this  mortal  life  in  a  just  expectation  of 
a  blessed  immortality. 

Dr.  Boylston  published  some  account  of  what 
is  said  of  inoculating  or  transplanting  the  small 
pox  by  the  learned  Dr.  Eman\iel  Timonius  and 
Jacobus  Pylarinus,  1721;  an  historical  account  of 
the  small  ])ox  inoculated  in  New  England,  with 
some  account  of  the  nature  of  the  infection,  and 
some  short  directions  to  the  inexperienced,  dcdi- 


BOYLSTON. 


nRAnCF.TT. 


IIT) 


catcd  to  the  ijrliicoss  of  Wales,  London,  1720, 
and  IJoston,  IT.'JO;  and  heveral  comninnicationH 
in  the  iihilowopliieid  transactions.  —  Miixk.  Moij., 
Dir.,  17«!),  177(;-177!);  I'iirce's  Cen.  JJiscinirsc  ; 
Jliiliiiis,  II.  1 IH ;  ]iiiijlntiinn  Hist.  Arcoiiut ; 
Jliilrliiiimiii,  II.  27.'J-270  i   Tlmrhtr.i  Med.   Itimj. 

UOYLS'i'O.V,  XICH()I.AH,  a  benefactor  of  Har- 
vard collef,'e,  died  in  lioNton  Ang.  18,  1771,  a},'ed 
5.5.  His  jjortrait,  which  is  an  admirable  paint- 
in},',  is  ill  the  philosophy  chamber  of  the  college, 
lie  had  been  an  eminent  merchant,  and  was 
about  to  retire  from  business  to  enjoy  the  fruit 
of  his  industry,  when  he  was  removed  from  the 
earth.  He  was  honest  in  liis  dealings,  and  re- 
markable for  his  sincerity,  having  a  peculiar 
abhorrence  of  all  dissimulation,  lie  bequeathed 
to  the  university  at  Cambridge  luOO  pounds  for 
laying  the  foundation  of  a  professorship  of  rhet- 
cric  and  oratory.  This  sum  was  paid  into  the 
college  treasury  by  liis  executors  Feb.  11,  1772; 
and  the  fund  became  accumulated  to  23,2U0  dol- 
lars before  any  aiiprojjriatiou  was  made.  John 
Qidncy  Adams,  then  a  senator  of  the  United 
States,  was  installed  the  first  professor,  June  12, 
180G,  with  the  title  of  "  The  Boylston  i)rofes8or 
of  rhetoric  and  oratory  in  Harvard  college." — 
Holmes,  II.  170. 

BOYLSTOX,  Ward  NicnoL.vs,  a  patron  of 
medical  science,  was  the  son  of  the  preceding, 
and  died  at  his  scat  in  Itoxbury,  Mass.,  Jan. 
7,  1828,  aged  78  years.  In  the  year  1800  he  gave 
to  the  medical  school  of  lliirvard  college  a  valu- 
able collection  of  medical  and  anatomical  books 
and  engravings,  making  also  an  arrangement  for 
its  perpetual  enlargement.  —  DartleU's  rrog. 
Med.  Science, 

BOllMAN,  John  L.,  died  near  Oxford,  Mary- 
land, April  20,  1823,  aged  G4,  a  profound  lawyer. 
He  pubUshed  a  sketch  of  the  history  of  Maryland 
duruig  the  three  first  years,  1811. 

BKACE,  JoXATiLV-X,  judge,  died  at  Hartford 
Aug.  20,  1837,  aged  83.  He  was  a  member  of 
Congress  in  1708,  judge  of  county  court  and  of 
probate,  and  a  highly  respected  citizen. 

niACE,  Lucy  Collins,  wife  of  llcv.  Dr.  J. 
Brace,  died  at  Xcwington,  Conn.,  Nov.  16,  1854, 
aged  72.  It  had  been  proposed  to  celebrate  in  a 
few  weeks,  the  fitlieth  year  of  her  husband's  set- 
tlement and  of  their  marriage.  For  many  years 
she  met  every  Sunday  a  Bible  class  of  her  own 
age  and  a  missionary  society  j  she  was  an  example 
of  the  various  excellences  exhibited  in  the  lives 
of  a  multitude  of  pastor's  wives  in  our  country. 

BRACKEN,  John,  bishop  in  Virginia,  died  at 
Williamsburg  July  1j,  1818.  lie  had  been  for 
many  years  not  only  a  bishop,  but  president  of 
William  and  Marv  college. 

BKACKENUli)GE,  llrcii  IIkxry,  a  judge 
of  the  supremo  court  of  I'ennsylvania,  died  at 
Cai'llsle  June  2o,  1810,  aged  C7.    He  was  born 


about  1710,  and  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1771, 
in  the  class  with  Junics  Madison.     He  was  the 
master  of  an    academy   in  Maryland   bi'Iitre    tlie 
Revolution.      In   17.S1    he   settled   at   I'iUsluirg, 
which  he  deemed  liivoralily  situated  for  beeomirg 
a  large  town;    and  in   its  ini))rovenu'nt    he   en- 
gaged with  zeal.     He  wrote  for  the  iii'wsj.ai'.er.s 
many  essays  hi  prose   and  poetry.     His   pieces 
were  generally  satirical;  one  of  them   ridiculed 
the   society  of  the  Cincinnati.     In    17S0  he  was 
appointed  judge.     In  17i)H  political  jjartisans  ra- 
]>roached  him  for  his  partiality  to  Mr.  (iallatin. 
A  few  years  before  his  death  he  removed  to  Car- 
lisle.    His  wife,  whom  he  nuirrii'd  in  1700,  was 
Sabina  Wolf,   a  young  lady  of  Clerman   origin, 
whose  parents  lived  on  the  banks  of  the  Ohio 
river.    He    published    a    poem    on    the    rising 
glory  of  America,  1774;  culogium  of  the  brave 
men  who  fell  in  the  contest  with  Great  Britain, 
1770;  modern  chivalry,  the  adventures  of  Capt. 
Farrago,  etc.,  1702;  2d  edit.  2  vols.,  180S;  ora- 
tion July  4,   1703;  incidents  of  the  insurrection 
in  1704  in  Pennsylvania,  1705;  gazette  puldica- 
tions,  collected,  1800 ;  law  of  miscellanies,  con- 
taining instructions  for  the  study  of  the  law,  1814. 
BRACKETT,  Anthony,  ca()tain,  an  early  set- 
tler at  Casco,  or  Falmouth,  as  Portland,  JIaInc, 
was  at  first  called,  was  killed  by  the  Indians  Sept. 
21,  1080.     He  was  the  son  of  Anthony  B.,  of 
Greenland,  N.  II.,  then  a  jiart  of  I'ortsmouth. 
He  lived  at  Casco  as  early  as  1002,  and  was  one 
of  the  settlers  around  the  back  cove.    His  farm 
consisted  ot  four  hundred  acres.     The  Indians, 
led  by  Simon,  who  escaped  from  jjrison  at  Dover, 
and  was  familiar  at  Brackett'.s,  took  him,  his  wife, 
and  five  cliildren,  and  a  negro  servant  jjrisoners 
Aug.  11,  1070.     Michael  Mitton,  the  brother  of 
his  wife,  was  killed.     At  I'resumpscot  also  the 
jjartykilled  and  captured  several  persons.   Thomas 
Brackett,  his  brother,  who  lived  at  Clark's  point, 
on  the  neck,  was  shot  down  and  his  wife  and  three 
children  taken ;  Megunnaway,  an  Indian,  "  a  no- 
torious rogue,"  being  concerned  in  his  murder. 
In  all  thirty-four  persons  were  killed  and  carried 
into  captivity.    The  prisoners  were  conveyed  to 
Arrousic  Island,  of  which  the  Indians  had  recently 
gained  possession,  killing  Capt.  Lake  and  wound- 
ing Davis.     Being  left  there  in  Xovember  while 
the  Indians  proceeded  on  an  expedition,  Brackett 
escaped  in  an  old  leaky  birch  canoe,  which  his 
wile  had  repaired  with  a  needle  and  thread,  found 
in  a  deserted  house;  and  crossed  over  to  Black 
point  with  his  family,  and  got  on  board  a  vessel 
bound  to  Piscataqua.     After  the  peace  of  Casco, 
April  12,  1G7H,  he  returned,  and  in  1082  was  in- 
trusted with  the  command  of  fort  Loyall  at  Port- 
land.    In  1088  he  was  put  in  command  of  the 
three  forts,  erected  by  Andros.    In  1070  he  mar- 
ried for  his  second  wife  Susannah  Drake  of  Hamp- 
ton, covcuantuig  with  her  father,  that  one  half 


IIG 


DUACKE'IT. 


BllADDOCK. 


of  liis  cstntf  slioiild  l)c  her  Joiiitiiic  mid  (Ickm'ikI 
to  her  mule  cliililii'ii.  A  ilisjaiU'  liftvM'cii  tlic 
cliililiTii  ol'  llii'  two  in;ii'riiif,'('H  rcspwiiiif,'  lliis 
])r()|icrty  was  luljustid  hy  nil  iiiiiiciil)lc'  dhlsioii. 
His  NoiiH  wen-  Aiitlioiiy  and  Setli :  tlio  hitter  Wiis 
killed  lit  the  eaptiiie  of  Saeo,  May  20,  KilMl,  and 
the  former  taken  jirisoiier.  His  |i<)slerity  Ktill 
remain  at  Caseo.  'I'honias  llniekett's  wife,  tlie 
Bister  of  M.  .Mitton,  died  in  cajitivity;  his  son 
Joshua  afterwards  lived  in  (ireenland,  where  he 
died,  being  the  father  of  Anthony  and  Joshua  of 
Portland.  —  W'illin'  llisl.  of  I'lirlln'ml,  in  Maiiw 
llixl.  CiilL,  I.  i»l,2(lO,  L>07,"  li;j-l,j(i. 

UUACKI'/IT,  JosiiiA,  .M.  ]».,  a  distin;,niishcd 
physieian,  (lied  July  17,  1N()2,  a},'ed  (i!>.  Jlewas 
horn  in  Greenland,  New  Ilamiishire,  in  May,  ITIi.'}, 
nnd  afler  f,'raduatinf;  at  Harvard  collef^o  in  IT.J^, 
Ntudied  theolofjy  at  the  request  of  his  jiarents, 
and  hecanie  a  iireacher;  hut  the  science  of  medi- 
cine had  for  him  fjreater  attract  ions,  lie  studied 
with  ])r.  Clement  Jackson,  tlion  the  priiicijial 
])hysiciaii  in  Portsmouth,  and  established  liimself 
in  that  town,  in  which  he  continued  during  the 
remainder  of  his  life.  His  wile,  Hannah  Whip- 
ple of  Kittery,  died  in  May,  180.5,  aged  7(),  be- 
queathing to  the  New  Hamjishire  medical  society, 
of  which  her  husband  had  been  president,  500 
dollars.  She  was  skilful  in  botimy,  having  a 
garden  of  rare  jilants. 

Dr.  Brackett  was  a  skilful,  faithful,  benevolent 
physician,  particularly  succes'-!'ul  in  obstetrical 
practice ;  mild,  amiable,  unassuming,  affable  j 
warm  in  fricndshij),  an  enemy  to  flattery,  a  desjjiser 
of  ])oi)ulnr  ajijilausc.  It  is  stated  that  ho  never 
made  a  charge  for  his  jirofessional  services  to  the 
])oor,  with  whom  he  tliought  the  payment  would 
occasion  any  embarrassment.  In  his  religious 
sentiments  he  was  a  Universalist.  He  took  adeej) 
interest  in  the  promotion  of  natural  history  at 
Cambridge,  and  requested  his  wife  to  appropriate 
1500  dollars  towords  the  professorship  of  that 
science  in  Harvard  college.  She  complied  with 
his  request  and  added  to  the  amount.  Dr.  Brack- 
ett was  a  zealous  whig  in  the  Kevolution ;  during 
which  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the  maritime 
court  of  New  llamjjshire,  and  honorably  sustained 
the  office,  till  its  duties  were  transferred  to  the 
district  court.  He  was  a  benefactor  of  the  New 
Hampshire  medical  society,  of  which  he  was  i)resi- 
dent  from  1793  to  1799,  presenting  to  it,  at  its 
establishment,  one  hundred  and  forty-three  vols, 
of  valuable  medical  l)ooks.  — Adams'  Ann.  Ports- 
mouth, 321 ;  Thacher's  Med.  Biog. ;  Med.  Jtepos. 
s.h.,1.  211. 

BIIACKETT,  Jamks,  died  at  Rock  Island,  111., 
May  19,  1852,  aged  70.  A  graduate  of  Dart- 
mouth in  1805,  he  was  a  lawyer  of  Otsego.  He 
was  a  literary  man  and  published  several  ad- 
dresses. 
BKADBURY,  Tiieopiiilus,  a  judge  of  the 


su])orior  court  of  Mnssaehusettn,  died  Sept.  fl, 
1803,  aged  (i3.  He  was  a  graduate  at  Harvard 
colicgc  in  1757.  His  early  days  were  devoted 
with  diligence  and  succcsh  to  the  ]iroi'esKion  of 
the  law.  He  resigned  the  emoluments  arising 
from  his  jiraclice  for  the  a])pointment  of  a  judge, 
in  which  station  he  was  intelligent  and  faitliful  in 
executing  the  laws.  A  sudden  attack  of  disease 
at  length  rendered  him  incapable  of  discharging 
the  duties  of  his  office.  —  Columlt.  (.'e;//iiit7,  Sejit. 
11,  1803. 

BUADDOCK,  EDWAni),  major-general,  and 
commander  in  chief  of  the  British  forces  in 
America,  died  July  13,  1775.  He  arrived  in  Vir- 
ginia with  two  regiments  from  Ireland  in  l-'eb- 
ruary,  1755.  The  jilan  of  military  ojierations 
having  been  settled  in  A])ril,  by  a  convention  of 
the  several  governors  at  Alexandria,  he  undertook 
to  conduct  in  jiersoii  the  expedition  against 
Tort  I)u  Qiiesne,  now  I'ittsburg.  Meeting  with 
much  delay  from  the  necessity  of  ojiening  roads, 
the  general  determined  to  advance  with  rapidity 
at  the  head  of  twelve  hundred  men,  leaving  the 
heavy  baggage  to  the  care  of  Colonel  Dunbar, 
who  was  to  follow  by  slow  and  easy  marches. 
He  reached  the  Monongahela  July  8th.  The 
succeeding  day  he  expected  to  invest  the  fort. 
He  accordingly  made  his  dispositions  in  the  morn- 
ing. He  was  advised  to  advance  the  provincial 
companies  in  the  front  for  the  purpose  of  scouring 
the  woods,  and  discovering  any  ambuscade,  which 
might  be  formed  for  him.  But  he  held  both  his 
enemy  and  the  jjrovincials  in  too  much  contemjit 
to  follow  this  salutary  counsel.  Three  hundred 
British  regulars  composed  his  van,  which  was  sud- 
denly attacked,  at  the  distance  of  about  seven 
miles  from  the  fort,  by  an  invisible  enemy,  con- 
cealed by  the  high  grass.  The  whole  army  was 
soon  thrown  into  confusion.  The  brave  general 
exerted  his  utmost  powers  to  form  his  broken 
troops  imder  a  galling  fire  upon  the  very  ground 
where  they  were  first  attacked;  but  his  cftbrts 
were  fruitless.  With  such  an  enemy,  in  such  a 
situation,  it  was  necessary  either  to  advance  or 
retreat.  All  his  officers  on  horseback,  excepting 
his  aid,  the  late  General  Washington,  were  killed 
or  wounded;  and  after  losing  three  horses  he 
received  a  mortal  wound  through  his  right  arm 
into  his  lungs.  The  defeated  army  fled  precipi- 
tately to  the  camp  of  Dunbar,  near  forty  miles 
distant,  where  Braddock,  who  was  brought  oft'  the 
ground  in  a  tumbril,  expired  of  his  wounds. 
Sixty-four  out  of  eighty-five  officers,  and  about 
half  liis  privates  were  killed  and  wounded,  making 
in  the  whole  a  loss  of  about  seven  hundred  men. 
Of  the  killed  were  William  Sliirley  of  the  staff, 
and  Col.  Sir  Peter  Halket;  and  among  the 
wounded,  llobert  Orme,  Koger  Morris,  Sir  John 
St.  Clair  and  others  of  the  staff;  and  Lieut.-Cols. 
Gage  and  Burton.    Though  Mante  defends  the 


IIRADFORD. 


nitADFOUI). 


117 


:c  or 


arm 


conduct  of  Urnddock,  \vt  this  diMintcr  obviouHly 
rcsidtcd  from  tin-  coiiti'iiipt  of  ^ood  iidvicc.  — 
Mumhiill,  I.  ;)SI,  ;j!K)-;J!i;j  ;  II.  ll-lit;  II„Iw,'h, 
II.  00;  Cotl.  IH«I.  >'"'•.  VII.  Ny-!)h  ,1,  .«.  VIII 
1.W;   U/ZHHC,  II.  ;n-J:';   M'int,;  ll,'2\,2i\. 

Illl.\i)l'()l{|»,  WlI.l.lAM.  );ovrrnor  of  I'ly- 
moutli,  died  Miiy  !»,  U>')',  iifji'd  <17.  Tlie  naiiicN 
of  lii'tidford  and  Hrcwster,  who  were  drivi'ii  from 
Kn^dand  into  exile  liy  cccicsiaNticn!  l)ij,'otry  and 
intolcrunt'c,  arc  nanu'x  anion;;  tiic  most  lionoraMc  i 
and  m('in(>ral)lc  in  tlic  liistnry  of  the  wori('.  He 
was  governor  in  KiUl,  and  in  ail  tliirty-one  years, 
llcwas  a  first  settler,  one  of  tlie  Inuidred  I'il^n-inis  i 
in  the  Mayflower  in  1020.  He  was  born  in  March, 
liVJO,  in  Austcrfield,  a  little  villajjc  in  the  sonlhern 
border  of  Yorkshire,  in  J'.n^dand.  His  grand- 
father, William  U.,  and  John  Hanson  lived  in  Aus- 
tcrfield in  157  J,  and  were  the  only  iiersons  of  i)ro|)- 
crty  in  the  townlet.  Alice,  the  daughter  of  Mr. 
Hanson  and  Mary  Gresham,  was  his  mother. 
Iliit  father,  William,  died  in  LWl ;  his  grandfather, 
William,  in  h'AH).  He  had  a  good  patrimony. 
lie  was  left  to  the  care  of  his  uncle  Ilol)ert. 
Scrooby,  in  Nottinghamshire,  the  residence  of 
Brewster,  was  only  four  or  five  miles  distant  from 
Austei"ficld,  to  the  south.  At  Brewster's  house, 
the  manor,  was  formed  a  new  church  in  1000  or 
1C07,  most  of  the  members  of  which  had  jjroba- 
bly  belonged  to  the  church  of  Mr.  Clifton  at  Bab- 
worth,  only  a  mile  or  two  south  of  Scrooby : 
Clifton  was  the  minister,  Brewster  the  elder.  >Ir. 
Bradford  was  one  of  the  founders  of  this  church. 
At  the  age  of  12  or  13  years  his  mind  was  seri- 
ously impressed  by  divine  truth  in  reading  the 
Scriptures,  and  an  illness  of  long  continuance 
cons])ired  to  preserve  him  from  the  follies  of 
youth.  Ills  good  impressions  were  confirmed  by 
attending  ujjon  the  ministry  of  Mr.  Ilichard  Clif- 
ton, and  by  his  union  with  the  Puritan  company, 
which  met  at  Mr.  Brewster's  hi  Scrooby.  As  he 
advanced  in  years  he  was  stigmatized  as  a  Separ- 
atist (  but  such  was  his  firmness,  that  he  cheerfully 
bore  the  frowns  of  his  relatives  and  the  scoffs  of 
his  neighbors,  and  connected  himself  with  the 
church  o\  or  which  Mr.  Clifton  and  Mr.  Robinson 
presided,  fearless  of  the  persecution,  which  he 
foresaw  this  act  would  draw  upon  him.  Believing 
that  many  practices  of  the  established  church  of 
England  were  rcjiugnant  to  the  directions  of  the 
word  of  God,  he  was  fully  resolved  to  prefer  the 
jiurity  of  Christian  worship  to  any  temporal  ad- 
vantages, which  might  arise  from  bending  liis 
conscience  to  the  ojjinions  of  others. 

In  the  autumn  of  1007,  when  he  was  seventeen 
years  of  age,  he  was  one  of  the  company  of  Dis- 
senters who  made  an  atteni})t  to  go  over  to 
Holland,  where  a  commercial  spirit  had  estab- 
lished a  free  toleration  of  religious  opinions ;  but 
the  master  of  the  vessel  betrayed  them,  and  they 
were  thrown  into  prison  at  Boston  iu  Lincoln- 


shire. In  the  spring  of  the  next  year  he  made 
another  unsuccessful  attempt.  ,\t  length  ho 
etiected  his  favorite  oliject  and  joined  his  brethren 
"t  .Vnisterdain.     Here  be  put  hinisi'lf  an  apjiren- 

i>  to  a  I'Vench  I'rotcstant,  who  taught  him  thu 
art  of  silk-d\ing.  When  he  reached  the  age  of 
twenty-one  years,  and  came  in  ]iossessioii  of  his 
estate  in  Kngland,  he  converted  it  into  money, 
and  engaged  in  commerce,  in  which  he  was  not 
suctessl'ul. 

Mr.  Ilrndford,  after  o  residence  of  about  tet» 
years  in  Holland,  engaged  with  zeal  in  the  plan 
of  removal  to  America,  which  was  formed  by  the 
I'.nglish  church  at  Leyden  under  the  care  of  Mr. 
Kolnnson.  1  le  accordingly  embarked  for  England, 
July  22,  1020,  and  on  the  sixth  of  Septemiier  set 
sail  fnmi  I'lymouth  with  the  first  company. 
While  the  shi])  in  November  lay  in  the  harbor  of 
Cape  Cod,  he  was  one  of  the  foremost  in  the  sev- 
eral hazardous  attempts  to  find  a  ])roper  ])lace  for 
the  seat  of  the  colony.  Before  a  suitable  spot  was 
agreed  upon,  his  wife  fell  into  the  sea  and  was 
drowned.  Soon  after  the  death  of  Governor 
Carver  at  I'lymouth,  April  .'5,  1021,  Mr.  Bradford 
was  elected  governor  in  his  ])lace.  He  was  at 
this  time  in  the  thirty-third  year  of  his  age,  and 
was  most  conspicuous  for  wisdom,  fortitude,  jiiety, 
and  benevolence.  The  jieoplo  a])|)ointed  Isaac 
AUcrton  his  as^sistant,  not  because  they  could  re- 
pose less  confidence  in  him  than  hi  Carver,  who 
liad  been  alone  in  the  command,  but  chiefly  on 
account  of  his  precarious  health.  One  of  the  first 
acts  of  his  administration  was  to  send  an  embassy 
to  Massasoit,  for  the  purpose  of  confirming  the 
league  with  the  Indian  sachem,  of  procuring  seed 
corn  for  the  next  season,  and  of  exploring  the 
country.  It  was  well  for  the  colony  that  the 
friendship  of  Massasoit  was  thus  secured,  for  liis 
influence  was  extensive.  In  consequence  of  his 
regard  for  the  new  settlers,  nine  sachems  in  Sep- 
tember went  to  Plymouth,  and  acknowledged 
themselves  loyal  subjects  of  King  James.  In  the 
same  month  a  party  was  sent  out  to  explore  the 
Bay  of  Mossachusetts.  They  landed  under  a  cliif, 
supposed  to  be  Copp's  Hill,  in  Boston,  where  they 
were  received  with  kindness  by  Obbatiiiewa,  who 
gave  them  a  promise  of  liis  assistance  against  the 
squaw  sachem.  On  their  return  they  carried  with 
them  so  good  a  report  of  the  country,  that  the 
people  lamented  that  they  had  established  them- 
selves at  Plymouth ;  but  it  was  not  now  in  their 
power  to  remove. 

In  the  beginning  of  1622  the  colony  began  to 
experience  a  distressing  famine,  occa.sioned  by  tlie 
arrival  of  new  settlers,  who  came  unfurnished  with 
provisions.  In  the  height  of  their  distress  a 
threatening  message  was  received  from  Canonicus, 
sachem  of  Narragansett,  exjjressed  by  the  present 
of  a  bundle  of  arrows,  bound  with  the  skin  of  a 
serpent.    The  governor  sent  back  the  skin  filled 


118 


BRADFORD. 


BRADFORD. 


with  powdt'rniul  Imll.  Tliifi  iirompt  and  in^eniotiii  I  name  of  John  Piorcc  i  hiit  another  pofont  of 
rt'|)ly  ti'rminntcd  the  cDrri'spoiKlt'iici'.  Thi-  Niirrn-  lurnt'r  cxtoiit  wiim  olituiiicd  of  tht-  council  for  New 
gaiiHi'ttM  were  so  ti'rrllicd,  that  they  even  rclunicd  I'liifjiaiid,  January  \-i,  KWO,  in  thu  name  of  Wil- 
the  Hcrpent's  hW'hx  without  iiiNjiectinn  its  contentH.  liani  llradford,  his  lieirM,  nuNotiatcs,  and  aNKijjnn, 
It  wuH  however  judged  neee.sNary  to  fortify  the  wiiicii  contirnied  the  title  of  tiiu  coloniKtN  to  a 
town  i  and  this  work  was  ijerfornieil  liy  the  ))eo|)le  hirjte  tract  of  land,  and  giive  theni  power  to  niako 
while  they  were  Hulferinx  the  extremity  of  famine,  all  laws,  not  repugnant  to  the  laws  of  Ungland. 
For  some  time  tlu'y  hulisisted  entirely  u])on  fish.  In  the  year  KUI),  when  thenumlierof  people  wan 
In  this  exigency  (iovernor  IJradford  found  the  increased,  and  new  townshijis  were  erected,  the 
advantage  of  his  friendly  intercoiuse  with  the  In-  general  court  requested  Governor  Drudford  to 
diuns.  lie  made  several  excursions  among  them, !  surrender  the  patent  into  their  hands.  With  tluH 
ami  jjrocured  corn  and  lieans,  making  a  fair  pur- :  recjuest  he  cheerfully  comjilied,  reserving  for  him- 
chuse  by  means  of  goods  which  were  brought  liy  self  no  more  than  his  proportion,  as  settled  l>y  a 
two  sliips  in  August,  and  received  hy  the  jjlanters  j)revi()us  agreement.  After  this  surrender  the 
in  exchange  for  l)eaver.  The  whole  quantity  of  ■  patent  was  immediately  delivered  again  into  his 
corn  and  heuns  thus  ])urchased  amounted  to  custody.  For  several  of  the  first  years  after  the 
twenty-eight  hogsheads.  Hut  still  more  iniiiortant '  first  settlement  of  IMymouth,  the  legislative,  ex- 
bencfitH  soon  resulted  from  the  disposition  of  |  ecutivc,  and  judicial  Inisiness  was  jierformed  by 
Governor  Hradford  to  jireserve  the  friendshiji  of  the  whole  body  of  freemen  in  assembly.  In  IQ'M 
the  natives.  1  )nring  the  illness  of  Massosoit  in  ,  the  governor's  assistants,  the  number  of  whom,  at 
the  spring  of  l(>'2'-i,  .Mr.  Winslow  was  sent  to  iilm  •  the  re(piest  of  Mr.  Hradford,  had  been  increased 
with  cordials,  which  contributed  to  his  recovery,  to  five  in  1024,  and  to  seven  in  WM,  were  con- 
In  return  for  this  benevolent  attention  the  grateful ;  stituted  0  judicial  coiu't,  and  afterwards  the 
sachem  disclosed  a  dangerons  conspiracy,  then  in  supreme  ji  I'icaturc.  Petty  offences  were  tried  by 
agitation  among  the  Indians,  for  the  purpose  of  the  selectmvii  of  each  town,  with  liberty  of  a])poal 
totally  extirpating  the  I'higlish.  This  j)lot  did  not  to  the  next  coart  of  assistants.  Tlie  first  assembly 
originate  in  savage  malignity,  but  was  occasioned  j  of  re])rcsen»ative8  was  held  in  Ui3i),  when  two 
by  the  injustice  and  indiscretion  of  some  settlers  !  deputies  were   sent   from   each   town,  excepting 


in  the  Bay  of  Massachusetts.  As  the  most  effect- 
ual means  of  suppressing  the  conspiracy,  Massosoit 
advised  that  the  chief  consj)irator8,  whom  he 
named,  should  be  seized  and  jjut  to  death.  This 
melancholy  work  was  accordinjrly  performed  by 
Captain  Staudish,  and  the  colony  was  relieved 
from  ai)j)rchcnsion.  When  the  rejjort  of  ♦his 
transaction  was  carried  toIIoUaitd,  Mr.  llobiiiKon, 
in  his  next  letter  to  the  governor,  ex])res8ed  his 
deep  concern  at  the  event.  "O  that  you  had 
converted  some,"  said  he,  "  before  you  had  killed 
any!" 

The  scarcity,  which  had  been  cxoerienccd  by 
the  planters,  was  in  part  owing  to  the  impolicy  of 
laboring  in  common  and  putting  the  fruit  of  their 
labor  into  the  public  store.  To  stimulate  industry 
by  the  prosjieet  of  individual  acquisition,  and  thus 
to  promote  the  general  good  l)y  removing  the  re- 
straints u])on  selfishness,  it  was  agreed,  hi  the 
spring  of  1G'.'3,  that  every  family  should  plant  for 
themselves,  on  such  ground  as  should  be  assi>jncd 
them  by  lot.  After  this  agreement  the  governor 
was  not  again  obliged  to  traffic  with  the  Indians 
in  order  to  procure  the  means  of  subsistence  for 
the  colony.  Thus  have  failed  the  common-stock 
projects  of  various  enthusiasts. 

The  original  government  of  Plymouth  was 
founded  entirely  ujion  mutual  compact,  entered 
into  by  the  planters  before  they  landed,  and  was 
intended  to  continue  no  longer  than  till  they 
could  obtain  legal  authority  from  their  sovereign. 
The  fiist  patent  was  obtamed  for  the  colony  iii  the 


I'lymouth,  which   sent  four.     In   1049  this  ine- 
quality was  done  away. 

Such  was  the  re])utafion  of  Mr.  Bradford, 
acquired  by  his  piety,  wisdom,  and  integrity,  that 
he  was  aimually  chosen  governor,  as  long  as  ho 
lived,  exce])ting  in  the  years  1033,  1030,  and  1044, 
when  Mr.  Winslow  was  a])]iointed,  ond  the  years 
1034  ond  1038,  when  Mr,  Prince  was  elected  chief 
magistrate.  At  these  times  it  was  by  his  own 
request  that  the  i)eoj)le  did  not  re-elect  him. 
Governor  Winthrop  mentions  the  election  of  Mr. 
Winslow  in  1033,  and  adds,  "  Mr.  Bradford  hav- 
ing been  governor  about  ten  years,  and  now  by 
imj)ortunity  got  off."  What  a  lesson  for  the  am- 
bitious, who  bend  their  whole  influence  to  gain  and 
secure  the  high  offices  of  State !  Mr.  Bradford 
strongly  recommended  a  rotation  in  the  election 
of  governor.  "  If  this  appointment,"  he  pleaded, 
"  was  any  honor  or  benefit,  others  beside  himself 
should  partalvc  of  it  j  if  it  was  a  burden,  others 
beside  himself  should  help  to  bear  it."  But  the 
people  were  so  much  attached  to  hiiu.  that  for 
thirty  years  they  placed  him  at  the  head  of  the 
government,  and  in  the  five  years  when  others 
were  chosen,  he  was  first  in  the  list  of  assistants, 
which  gave  him  the  rank  of  deputy  governor. 
After  an  infirm  and  declining  state  of  health  for  a 
number  of  iv/onths,  he  was  suddenly  seized  by  an 
acute  disease  in  May,  1057.  In  the  night,  his  mind 
was  so  enraptured  by  contemplations  upon  relig- 
ious truth  and  the  hopes  of  futurity,  that  he  said 
to  his  friends  in  the  morning,  "  the  good  Spirit  of 


IlRADFOni). 

Odd  ImH  jfivcn  me  ii  jilfd^fc  of  my  lm]ipmf>  n 
nnotlicr  world,  and  llu'  first  fruits  of  ctonuil ! 
Hl'iry."  'I'lif  next  day,  May  il,  Hi.')",  lit'  wiit  ri'- 
iiioM'd  from  till-  prrsciit  Ntati'  of  cxiHtciicc,  jfrcatly 
laiiiciitcd  liy  tlir  p('0|i|i'  not  oiil\  in  I'lyinoiiili, Imt 
ill  the  iii'i;.;liliorin)r  cidiiiiics.  Iluliliard  makes  the 
day  of  his  death  Jiiiie  .')  i  hut  the  lilies  ^ixeii  liy 
Morton  are  doiihtli'Hs  ^'ood,  ut  least  for  the  date: 

"  Tliii  iiliitli  iif  Mny,  nlioiil  iilnf  nf  th''  rim  k, 
A  prcriniii*  niHi  (Jihl  nut  of  l*l\iniiiitli  tiM>k  : 
UuTuriior  llruiin>ril  tliaii  I'Xplrul  hin  liri'utli  " 

llis  sister,  Alice,  married  to  (ieorge  Morton, 
who  died  in    Hi.  I,  survived  her  luother. 

The  seal  whieh  (Jov.  It.  used  was  a  (loiil)le  eagle. 
His  wife,  Dorothy  May,  was  drowned  at  Cape  Cod, 
Dec.  7,  KiliO,  so  that  she  never  reached  I'lymoiith. 
His  second  wife  was  Alice  Soiithworth,  the  widow 
of  I'ldward  Soutliworth,  whom  he  married  in  Kili.'l. 
His  soii,.Iidin,  was  horn  of  his  lirst  wifej  William, 
Mercy,  and  Joseph  were  his  children  hy  Alice 
Soiithworth.  John  died  without  children.  Wil- 
liam had  Hth'eii  children,  nnd  Joseph  had  seven ; 
from  these  have  descended  the  liradfords  of  New 
Knghuid  and  many  heyond  its  hounds. 

Ill  the  X.  E.  Kegister  of  Jan.  nnd  July,  IH^O,  is 
puiilishcd  a  genealogy,  containing  the  names  of 
four  hundred  and  fourteen  of  his  descendants,  he- 
Hides  many  of  their  children,  livhig  ehielly  in  Mas- 
8aclui.sctt.s.  Ucsidcs  the  bearers  of  the  name  of 
Bradford,  there  ure  families  hearing  other  names, 
whose  children  are  his  descendants,  some  of  which 
names  arc  the  following :  Adams,  Allen,  AH)  n, 
linker,  Uarncs,  Brewster,  Chandler,  Child,  Chip- 
man,  Church,  Collins,  Cook,  ]  )elano.  Drew,  ]  )wight, 
Elliot,  Ensign,  Eessenden,  Finney,  Fitch,  Fowler, 
Fruzer,  Freeman,  (Jay,  Gill)ert,  Gridley,  Ham- 
mond, Hobart,  Holmes,  Hojikins,  Hunt,  liane, 
linwrcnce,  Le  Baron,  J^ce,  Loriiig,  Metcalf,  Milch- 
ell,  Paddock,  Partridge,  Prince,  Jliiiley,  Itobbins, 
llockwell,  8amj)son,  Skinner,  Smith,  Soule,  Spoon- 
er,  Stanford,  Steel,  Stirling,  Sylvester,  Wadsworth, 
Wuring,  Weston,  Whiting,  AViswall.  The  sup- 
posed honor  of  descent  from  such  a  man  as  Brad- 
ford will  be  only  disgrace,  imlcss  there  be  caught 
from  the  record  of  his  life  Homcthing  of  his  inde- 
pendence of  thought,  sometliing  of  his  uiLswervuig 
adherence  to  the  right,  something  of  liis  self-sac- 
rificing spirit,  something  of  his  zealous  toils,  liis 
benevolence,  and  lii.s  ])iety. 

Governor  Bradford,  though  not  favored  with  a 
learned  education,  ])ossessed  a  strong  mind,  a 
sound  judgment,  and  a  good  memory.  In  the 
ofKce  of  chief  magistrate  he  was  prudent,  tem- 
perate, and  firm.  He  would  sutler  no  jierson  to 
trample  on  the  laws  or  to  disturb  the  peace  of 
the  ccdony.  Some  young  men,  who  were  unwil- 
ling to  comply  with  the  order  for  laboring  on  the 
public  account,  excused  themselves  on  a  Christmas 
day,  mider  pretence  that  it  was  agaiiist  their  con- 


DnADFORD. 


Itt 


Rcicnce  to  irk.  But  InniKaftiT*  v  finding 
them  at   j  ia\   ill   ih'        -i\:  h<  r  dtil  Ui' 

instriiinentH  ol  their  n  i«b«  in  uftiiluiii, 
and  told  them  thai  i     <  ><<  tt«C'>iiist  oruicienro 

til  sutler  them  to  |ihn       nile  olhi  is  it  work, 

and  that,  if  they  hi  -h  «  ri'ligiiiUN  iixurii  to  tho 
day,  they  should  show  it  in  iiie  e\i  iIm  of  devo» 
tionat  home.  This  gent  lenproof  had  ilie  desired 
ell'eet.  On  other  occasions  his  conduct  was  eipinlly 
moderate  anil  deleriniiieil.  Suspecting  John  l.y- 
ford,  who  had  imposed  himself  upon  the  colony 
as  a  minister,  of  factious  designs,  and  observiiiK 
that  he  had  put  a  gre'it  number  of  letters  on  iioard 
a  ship  for  I'.ngliiiid,  the  governor  in  a  boat  fol- 
lowTii  the  ship  to  sea,  and  examined  the  letters. 
.Vs  satisfactory  evidence  against  l.yford  was  thus 
olitaiiied,  a  convenient  time  was  uth'rwards  takeu 
for  bringing  him  to  trial,  and  he  was  iiaiiished. 

Though  he  never  enjojed  great  literary  advan- 
tages, (ioveriior  Bradford  was  iiiiich  inclined  to 
literary  jiursuits.  He  was  familiar  with  tho 
I'Vench  and  Dutch  languages,  and  attained  con- 
siderable knowledge  of  the  Latin  and  (ireekj 
but  he  more  assiduously  studied  the  Hebrew,  be- 
cause, ns  he  said,  "  he  would  see  with  his  own 
eyes  the  ancient  oracles  of  God  in  their  native 
beauty."  He  had  read  much  of  history  and  jihi- 
loso])hy ;  but  theology  was  his  favorite  study. 
Dr.  Mather  rei)resents  him  ns  an  irrefragable  dis- 
putant, es])eciully  against  the  Anidiaptisls.  Yet 
ho  was  by  no  means  severe  or  intolerant.  Ho 
wished  rather  to  convince  the  erroneous,  than  to 
suppress  their  opinions  by  violence.  His  dispo- 
sition was  gentle  nnd  condescending.  Though  he 
wns  nttached  to  the  discii)line  of  the  Congrega- 
tional churches,  yet  he  was  not  a  rigid  Sej)aratist. 
He  perceived  that  the  reformed  churches  differed 
among  themselves  in  the  modes  of  diKcijjline,  nnd 
he  did  not  lool.  for  a  jierfect  uniformity.  His  life 
was  exemplary  nnd  useful.  He  was  watchful 
against  sin,  n  mnn  of  jirayer,  and  coiisjjicuous  for 
holiness.  His  son,  'Willium  Bradford,  was  deputy 
governor  of  tho  colony  ntler  his  lather's  death, 
and  died  at  Plymouth  at  tho  age  of  seventy-nine. 
Several  of  his  descendants  were  members  of  the 
council  of  Massachusetts,  and  one  of  them  was  a 
deputy  governor  of  IMiodo  Island  and  a  senntor 
in  the  congress  of  the  United  Slates. 

Governor  Bradlbrd  wrote  n  history  of  Plymouth 
jieoplo  nnd  colony,  beginning  with  the  tirst  for- 
ination  of  the  church  in  KiO'i  and  ending  with 
104".  It  was  contained  in  a  iblio  volume  of  two 
hundred  seventy  j)nges.  Morton's  memorial  is  an 
abridgment  of  it.  Prhice  and  Hutchinson  had 
the  use  of  it,  nnd  the  manuscript  was  deiiosited 
with  Mr.  Prince's  valuable  collection  of  ])npers  in 
the  library  of  the  old  south  church  in  Boston.  In 
the  year  177u  it  shared  the  fate  of  many  other 
manuscripts  in  that  place.  It  was  carried  awny 
by  the  barbarians  of  the  British  army,  who  con- 


120 


nuADFoni). 


BRAhFOnn. 


vrrtrd  I  ho  old  noutli  cliiircli  into  n  ridinj^  rcIkm)]. 
TluN  invaliiiililr  work,  alter  hii\iii^  liccn  loit  )i|;hty 
yi'arn,  Iuin  jiiNt  hccii  rccovcri'il  ami  iiriiitcd  <'ritir('. 
For  lliiN  rcciivcry  llic  Aiiicrican  imhlic  is  iiidi'lilcd 
to  Ut'V.  John  S.  Harry,  wlio,  in  writiii){  his  lIJNlory 
of  MaNNachiiKcttx,  had  occaNion,  in  IH.).'),  to  I'on- 
Miilt  an  I'-n^'lish  iiook,  in  which  he  noticed  a  rel'er- 
once  to  a  niannHcri|)t  liistory  of  I'lyninuili  in  tiie 
Fuliiain  lilirary,  with  ({notations,  which  xalisfied 
him  that  it  was  Jlra<ilord'N  lost  MS.  'riiis  was 
liiund  to  l)U  thu  cast-  l)y  Mr.  Chinles  ])eane, 
throiif{h  tlio  agency  of  Jlcv.  Joseph  Hunter  ot 
Lon(h)n.  All  e.\act  cojiy  was  obtained,  retainin); 
the  ancient  s|ieilin>?,  and  wan  printed  hy  the  MasN. 
Historical  Society  in  IN,j(l,  with  a  |)rel'ac'(!  and 
iiotCH  l)y  Mr.  J)eane,  chairman  of  tiie  ]iuhhNliing 
committee  of  tlie  society. 

'I'liis  manuscript  was  used  in  their  liistoricnl 
writinffs  hy  Morton,  I'rince,  and  Hutchinson.  A 
portion  of  tiio  work,  taken  from  the  church  records 
of  I'lymouth,  l)ut  not  recorded  as  Itradford's  writ- 
inf?,  was  jiulilished  iiy  Dr.  Younf{  in  his  chronicles 
of  the  pil),'rims  in  IHII,  most  of  which  had  liceii 
previously  jirinted  hy  Hazard  ns  a  work  of  Mor- 
ton. Of  the  way,  hy  which  the  nianuscrii)t  reached 
tliu  Fulham  lii)rary,  no  information  has  been  ob- 
tained. In  this  primitive  book  Mr.  Deano  has 
inserted  a  pajje  of  a  fac  simile  of  the  handwriting 
of  Dradford  ;  and  he  has  annexed  Ciov.  IJ.'s  list  of 
the  i)asseiigers  in  tlic  Mayflower,  from  wliich  he 
concludes  that  the  iunni)er  of  j)asscnp;ers  was  one 
hundred  and  two,  instead  of  one  Iumdred,the  usu- 
ally-reckoned number.  JJut  in  this  j)crhaps  he  falls 
into  an  error,  for  two,  whom  he  counts,  were  hired 
seamen  tor  one  year,  when  they  returned,  and 
could  not  be  considered  anumg  "  the  first  bcj^iu- 
ners,"  who  laid  the  foundation  of  all  the  colonies, 
any  more  than  any  other  seamen.  Mr.  I),  also 
mistakes  ii;  makinj?  Gov.  IJ.  sixty-eij^ht  years  old. 

Gov.  ]{.  had  a  large  book  of  copies  of  letters 
relative  to  the  affairs  of  the  colony,  which  is  lost. 
A  fragment  of  it,  however,  found  in  n  grocer's 
shop  at  Halifax,  was  ])ublishcd  l)y  the  Massachu- 
setts Historical  Society,  to  which  is  subjoined  a 
deserii)tive  and  historical  account  of  New  Miigland 
in  verse.  If  this  ])roduction  is  somewhat  deficient 
in  the  beauties  of  poetry,  it  has  the  more  sub- 
stantial graces  of  jiiety  and  truth.  He  published 
Home  ])ieces  for  the  confutation  of  the  errors  of 
the  times,  jjarticularly  of  the  Anabaptists. — JUl- 
kiKip's  Ami-r.  liing.  II.  217-201;  M<itlifr>i  Mmj- 
nalid,  II.  2-j  ;  Ouvis'  Morion,  201) ;  AVk/'.v  Xrir 
L'ligtdiul,  I.  iM, '•ilG;  7'/-i/(ceV  Annuls,  I'rc/.  VI, 

IX.  10(i ;  Coll.  Hist.  Soc.  III.  27,  77  ;  VI.  s.  s.  Ooii ; 

X.  67;  Bnulford's  Hist. ;  T/iac/ier's   I'li/nionth; 
N.  E.  Manorial,  1.  81 ;  S.  JJ.  Jlei/isler.'lHM. 

BKADFOIll),  Alick,  the  wife  of  Gov.  li.,  died 
at  Plymouth  March  27,  1070,  aged  80,  having 
survived  her  husband  nearly  thirteen  years.  Born 
in  England,  she  first  married  Edward  Southworth, 


living  with  him  seven  years  in  .NotlinghaniRhirp, 
near  the  residence  of  Mr.  lirailfcird,  who  well 
knew  her,  and,  as  report  says,  had  early  sought 
her  hand.  Her  name  was  Ali(e  ('ar|)enler. 
Iteing  lefl  a  widow,  (iov.  Ilradford  renewed  Inn 
oHer  to  her  two  years  alh'r  the  death  of  his  (Iriit 
wife,  Dorothy  May.  She  was  now  of  the  age  of 
thirty-three.  Waiving  her  riK'ht  to  demand  n 
personal  visit,  which  would  call  away  the  governor 
from  his  important  duties  to  the  colony  in  the 
wiiilerness,  she  generously  listened  to  his  recpiest, 
and  came  over  in  the  Nhi|)  Aim,  which  arrived 
Aug.  1,  102.'J.  She  was  aceomjiunied  by  the  gov- 
ernor's brother-in-law,  (ieorge  Morton,  by  her 
sister,  llridget  I'uller,  and  by  two  daughters  of 
Killer  Krewster.  Her  two  sons,  Thu.nas  and  Con- 
stant Southworth,  were  brought  over  in  1020  or 
10,'JO.  She  was  married  Aug.  M,  and  hved  with 
her  husliand  nearly  thirty  yeors.  She  brought 
with  her  considerable  jiroperty.  She  was  well 
educated,  and  of  extraordinary  capacity  and  great 
worth.  She  incessantly  toiled  for  the  literary 
im])rovement  and  the  refinement  of  the  youth  ut 
I'lymouth.  If  she  ever  felt  honored  in  being 
married  to  Mr.  Southworth,  who  was  descended 
in  the  tenth  generation  from  Sir  Gilbert  S., 
knight  of  Lancaster,  yet  she  must  have  felt  more 
happy  in  being  the  com])anion  of  him  who  laid 
the  foundation  of  civil  ond  religious  freedimi  in  a 
new  world,  and  whose  name  would  be  held  illus- 
trious by  the  generations  to  come  of  their  de- 
scendants and  others,  down  to  the  end  of  time. 
Her  sister,  Mary  (.'urpenter,  an  old  maid,  u  mem- 
ber of  the  church  of  Duxbury,  died  at  I'lymouth 
March  20,  1007,  aged  ninety.  Other  sisters  were 
Bridget,  who  married  Samuel  Fuller,  and  gave  to 
the  church  the  lot  of  ground  on  which  the  par- 
sonage stood ;  I'riscilla,  the  wife  of  William 
Wright ;  and  the  wives  of  John  Cooper  and  Ilev. 
Mr.  lleyner.  At  the  end  of  Bradford's  History- 
are  published  two  jjages  of  memorial  lines  by  X. 
Morton,  "  Upon  the  life  and  deatli  of  that  godly 
matron,  Mistris  Alice  Bradford,"  from  which  it 
apjicars  that  she  and  her  father  belonged  to  the 
Puritan  Separatists  of  the  north  of  England,  who 
fled  to  Holland  when  she  was  seventeen  years 
old.     He  is  called  a  confessor;  and  it  is  added: 

"  And  xlice  witli  lilm  and  other  in  lier  jroutli 
lA*n  tlu'iri'  own  imtivo  cfiuntry  for  thu  trutli, 
And  inwiUTOHse  of  timo  die  iniirr3't'd  wn» 
To  one  wlio.-***  ^rat'e  mid  vert ue  did  HUrpiiiiae, 
1  uieiui  good  Kdwiinl  Southworth,  wIkm'  not  long 
Continued  in  tln^  world  tlie  lUiintMuuion)^'." 

After  mentioning  the  death  of  her  last  husband, 
the  writer  sajs : 

•'  E'r  finoe  that  time  In  wid<lowliood  dheo  hfttli 
Lived  11  life  in  linlj-ncs  luid  fuitli 
In  reading  of  (lods  word  and  eonteinplation, 
Wliich  healpeil  her  to  iissumnre  of  wilvatiou 
Through  (lods  good  spcrit  worlieing  with  the  tamo. 
Forever  prubeJ  be  his  holy  uanio." 


miADroun. 


im.M>FO|ll». 


191 


l»K 


iibond, 


"  T\»  wl  In  •«»>  our  h<>a«>ii  ill<po<wHi«,| 
Of  linly  Mliit/<  wImw  ni«'iiii«ry  l«  Mi'miI; 

W  111  II  Ihcy  <l ■>'•■  iiri.l  i  lnx.l  iin  in  1111111*, 

Tli«TH«  r.w  i<t  imiic  tliil  rl>i"  111  lliilr  roiin", 
Tlii»l»  IIKf  t>  IIh'Iii  III  liiilliii'K  »tii|  ttnu'r." 

TIjc  same  writer  hoj*  of  Iut  hunbaud ; 

"  Ir  N  iMHinirh  tn  nnmn 
Till'  iiniiH'  iif  Mr iilliir'l  fn"li  In  iiiiiiirirjr, 
Whlili  Hiiii'li'A  Willi  ii'liirll'HriH  rr.it'riim  ji>." 

—  T/i'l'/ir,:,    l'/f/„>.  11(1;    /Iniillunl's    Hist.  W). 

IIUAhl'OUli,  John,  the  I'liliM  mui  of  ilic 
prcct'diiif;  liy  liin  lirsi  wife,  was  liorii  in  I'.iifjlaml, 
and  entile  over  wlili  Aliei'  Soutliworlh  in  HI'-';). 
lie  lived  in  Kiixtmry  in  l(ll'),  und  in  IH.VJ  «iis  ' 
deputy  to  the  >»eneriil  eourt.  lie  iniirried  Murllm 
Jtoiirne,  of  MurNlitield.  In  I'i.V'l  he  removed  in 
Norwieh,  ('oiiii.,  where  he  died  witiioiii  oIl'spriiiK 
in  1()7N,  iij^ed  ahout  01.  His  widow  niiirried 
Thonius  Triicy. 

IIIJADI'OIU),  Wll,Ll.\M,  major,  son  of  the 
jireeedin^,  (le])Uty  governor  of  I'lymouth  colony, 
was  born  Jnne  17,  IGlil,  und  died  Feb.  'JO,  1701, 
aged  7i'.  He  was  buried  at  his  reque.st  by  tl '• 
(tide  of  liis  father.  Tliusc  huuiely  lines  are  un  his 
nioiuunent : 

*■  llo  IItimI  lonR  hut  ntlll  wnn  dolni^  Roml, 
Anil  111  liit4  cniuitry'H  Hcrvlce  lout  luiicli  blooil. 
AltiT  li  lifu  wt.'ll  HiM'iit  lu''«  luiw  lit  ri'Kt; 
Illx  Tury  iiuuiu  and  uiuuiury  in  blvst." 

In  King  Philip's  war  he  commanded  the  Ply- 
mouth troops,  and  in  the  Narragansett  fort  fifj;ht, 
Dec.  19,  1(370,  at  Kast  Kinj^stoii,  when  the  fort 
was  taken,  he  received  a  ball  in  his  body,  whicli 
he  bore  during  the  remainder  of  his  life.  In  liis 
last  will  he  provided  for  tirteen  children,  nine  sons 
and  si.x  daughters ;  und  their  very  numerous  de- 
scendants in  New  England  can  of  course  all  trace 
their  ancestry  to  Gov.  Uradford.  His  descendants 
are  of  tlie  oldest  Hue  of  the  Hradfords,  for  his 
elder  brother  Jolm  hud  no  children.  His  resi- 
dence was  on  tljc  north  side  of  Jones'  river,  in 
what  is  now  Kingston.  His  first  wife  was  Alice, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Richards,  of  M'eymouth ; 
liis  second  was  widow  Wiswall ;  liis  third  was 
Mary,  the  widow  of  llcv.  J.  Holmes,  of  l)ux- 
burv. 

lUliU)FORD,  Joseph,  the  third  son  of  Gov- 
ernor Bradford,  was  born  in  1G30,  and  died  in 
1715,  aged  84.  His  wife  was  Jael,  the  daughter 
of  llev.  Peter  Hoiwrt,  of  llingham.  His  sons 
wore  John,  Samuel,  and  William  ;  his  daughters 
Alice  or  Olive,  Abigail,  Mercy,  and  I'riseilla, 
whose  husbands  were  as  follows  :  Alice  or  Olive 
married  I'jdward  Mitclu'U  and  Joshua  Ilersey ; 
Abigail  married  Gideon  Sampson;  Mercy  mar- 
ried Jonathan  Freeman  and  Isaac  Cuslinian ; 
and  Priscilla  married  Seth  C'lii])maii.  Farmer 
says  he  lel't  a  son  Elisha. 

BRADFORD,  Gaxulikl,  colonel,  died  at  Dux- 
bury,  Jon.  9,  1807,  aged  "0.     He  was  an  officer 

16 


in  the  French  wars  nnd  in  the  nnny  of  the  Revo- 
lulinli,  and  n  ji"Ue.  Hi»  father,  Gamaliel,  dieil 
in  177H,  iijred  7:1,  the  ^on  "f  Samuel,  the  Hon  of 
Major  N\  illiam.  Hit  daughter,  Sophia,  died  I'eb, 
'.',  IN.')."),  n 'ril  l».l,  .Mdeii  II.  was  his  mdii  (  and 
Dr.  Gauialiel  H.,  of  |ti>-<ti)n,  bis  grandson, 

HI!  A I  >]'(  Htl »,  Willi  \M,  a  M'liatnr  of  the  I'nit- 
ed  Stales,  tlie  miii  of  Sainiiel  II.,  and  a  ileNcendant 
ill  the  fiiurtb  generation  rriiin(iov.  Itradlind,  di(  d 
July  (I.  IsoS,  aged  7H.  lie  was  born  at  I'lymp- 
ton,  Ma^s.,  in  Nov.,  17'.'!l,  Having  studied  physic 
with  Dr.  1".  Ilersey,  he  eonimi'iui d  the  practice 
in  Wnireii,  H.  I.,  and  was  skilful  and  siiieessful. 
In  a  lew  year,  he  niii'Aed  to  llristol,  and  built  a 
buuc  on  that  nuiiantie  and  venerable  spot.  Mount 
Hope,  wlii<li  is  associated  with  the  name  of  King 
Philip.  Here  he  studied  law  and  beeanie  eminent 
in  civil  life  in  Rhode  [-.land.  In  the  tevnlulion- 
ary  contest  he  took  a  decided  part  in  favor  of  the 
rights  of  the  colonies.  In  the  cannonade  of 
lliistol,  in    the   evening  of    Oct.  7,  17""  ''P 

Itritish    vessels  of  war,    the    Kom 
Siren,  he  went  on  board  the  Rose,  .,,  1 

for  the  inhaliilants,  ,\bout  this  time  his  own 
house  was  destroyed  by  the  enemy.  In  17!t'J  he 
was  elected  a  senator  in  congress,  but  soon  re- 
signed his  place  for  the  shades  of  his  delightful 
retreat.  He  was  many  years  speaker  of  the  a.s- 
sembly  of  Rhode  Island,  and  deputy  governor. 
Ho  had  lived  a  widower  thirty-three  years;  his 
wife,  Mary  ].e  Bnron,  of  Plymouth,  whom  he 
inari  led  in  17ol,  died  Oct.  2,  1770.  His  eldest 
son,  Major  William  Biadford,  was  aid  to  Gen. 
Charles  I.ee,  of  the  Revolutionary  army.  By  in- 
dustry and  rigid  economy,  Mr.  Brudford  acquired 
an  iiidejiendent  fortune,  in  the  use  of  which  ho 
was  hospitable  and  liberal.  I'or  many  years  he 
was  accustomed  to  dcjiosit  with  his  minister  a 
generous  sum,  to  bo  expended  in  charity  to  the 
[loor.  In  his  habits  ho  was  temperate,  seeking 
his  bed  at  an  early  hour  of  the  evening,  ami  rising 
early  and  walking  over  his  extensive  farm.  Thus 
be  attained  nearly  to  the  age  of  fourscore.  — 
'J'/iiitliir'fi  Mc'l.  liiiiij. ;  OiisviiJiVa  Fun.  ttfrm. 

BRADI'ORD,  Wii.UAM,  tlie  first  printer  in 
Pennsylvania,  died  May  2'i,  \~o'2,  aged  O.'J.  He 
was  born  in  I.oicester,  England,  nnd,  being  a  Qua- 
ker, emigrated  to  this  country  in  1082  or  1083, 
and  landed  where  Philadel])hia  was  afterwards 
laid  out,  before  a  house  was  built.  In  1(j87  he 
printed  an  almanac.  The  writings  of  George 
Keith,  which  ho  printed,  having  caused  a  ([uarrel 
among  the  Quakers,  for  one  of  them,  rojiresontod 
as  seditious,  ho  was  arrested  with  Keith  and  im- 
prisoned in  1092.  It  is  remarkable,  that  in  his 
trial,  when  the  justice  charged  the  jury  to  find 
only  the  fact  as  to  jirhiting,  Bradford  maintained 
that  the  jury  wore  also  to  find  whether  the  jiaper 
was  really  seditious,  and  maintained  that  "  the 
jury  are  judges  in  law,  as  well  as  the  matter  of 


122 


nRADFORI). 


BRADFORD. 


fuct."  This  is  the  very  point  which  nwakcncd 
such  interest  in  l^nfjland  in  the  time  of  Wilkes. 
Bradford  was  not  convicted  ;  hut,  huvinfj  incurred 
the  dis])leiisure  of  the  doniinnnt  ])arty  in  I'liila- 
deljjhia,  he  removed  to  New  York  in  1(>9.').  In 
that  year  he  j)rinted  the  laws  of  the  colony.  Oct. 
10,  17lio,  lie  hcf^un  the  first  news])a])er  in  New 
York,  called  the  X.  Y.  (Jazette.  In  1728  he 
CHtal)lislie<l  a  paiier-mill  at  Klizaliethtown,  N.  Y'., 
which,  jierhajjs,  was  the  firi't  in  this  country. 
Being  teini)erate  and  active,  he  reached  a  f^reat 
nj^o,  a  Htran;,'er  to  sickness.  In  the  niorninj^  of 
the  day  of  his  death  he  walked  ahout  the  city. 
By  his  first  wife,  a  daufjhter  of  .\iidrew  Sowles,  a 
l)rinter  in  London,  he  had  two  sons,  Andrew  and 
AVilliam.  I'or  more  than  fifty  years  he  was 
printer  to  the  New  York  f^overnment,  and  for 
thirty  years  the  only  jirinter  in  the  province.  He 
Avas  kind  and  allahle,  and  a  friend  to  the  poor.  — 
ThomiiK,  II.  i)l;  I'liin.  (/W.,  May  28, 1752. 

BR.\])F()KI),  Andukw,  a  jninter,  the  son  of 
the  i)recedinf;;,.died  Nov.  23, 1742,  aged  ahout  <jG. 
Ho  was  the  oidy  ])rinter  in  I'ennsylvania  from 
1712  to  172.3.  lie  jjuhlished  the  first  newspaper 
in  Philadelphia  Dec.  22,  171!),  called  the  Ameri- 
can AVeekly  Mercury.  In  1732  he  was  jiost- 
masterj  in  173.5  he  kejit  a  hooksho]),  at  the  sign 
of  the  Bible,  in  Second  street.  In  1738  he  re- 
moved, having  jjurchased  a  house,  No.  8  South 
Front  street,  which  in  1810  was  occuj)ied  as  a 
jirinting  house  by  his  descendant,  Thomas  Brad- 
ford, the  jjublisher  of  the  True  .\merican,  a  daily 
paj)er.  His  second  wife,  with  whom  he  foiled  to 
find  hai)])iness,  was  Corneha  Smith,  of  New  Y'ork  ; 
she  continued  the  Mercury  till  the  end  of  174G, 
and  died  in  Moo. —  T/ionia.i,  II.  31),  S'26. 

BRADFORD,  William,  colonel,  a  printer,  and 
a  soldier  of  the  Revolution,  died  Sept.  25,  1791, 
aged  72.  He  was  the  grandson  of  the  first 
printer  in  I'hiladeliihia.  His  father,  William,  was 
a  seaman.  Adopted  by  his  uncle,  Andrew  Brad- 
ford, he  became  his  j)artner  in  business ;  but  his 
foster  mother,  !Mrs.  Cornelia  B.,  wishing  him  to 
fall  in  love  with  her  adopted  niece,  and  he  choos- 
ing to  iall  in  love  with  some  other  lady,  caused 
the  partnership  to  he  dissolved.  In  1741  he  went 
to  England,  and  returned  in  1742  with  printing 
materials  and  books.  At  this  period  he  married 
a  daughter  of  Thomas  Budd,  who  was  iminisoned 
with  his  ancestor  in  l(i92.  He  published  Dec.  2, 
1742,  the  I'einisylvania  Journal,  which  was  con-- 
tinned  till  the  ])resent  century,  when  it  was  sujicr- 
seded  by  the  True  American.  In  1754  he  opened, 
at  tlio  corner  of  Market  and  Front  streets,  the 
London  coffee-house ;  in  1702  he  ojjcned  a  marine 
insurance  office  with  Mr.  Kydd.  He  ojiposed  the 
stamp  act  in  17()5,  and  in  the  early  stage  of  the 
war  he  took  ii\>  arms  for  his  country.  As  a  major 
and  colonel  in  the  militia  he  fought  in  the  battle 
of  Trenton,  in  the  action  at  Princeton,  and  in  sev-  j 


1  cral  other  engagements.  He  was  at  Fort  Mifflin 
when  it  was  attacked.  After  the  British  army 
left  Philadel])hia,  he  returned  with  a  broken  con- 
stitution and  a  shattered  fortune.  Business  had 
foun<l  new  channels.  Soon  he  c.\j)erienced  the 
loss  of  his  beloved  wife  j  age  advanced  u])On  him  ; 
a  paralytic  shock  warned  him  of  aj)i)roaclihig 
death.  To  his  children  he  said,  "  Thougli  I  be- 
(punith  you  no  estate,  I  leave  you  in  the  enjoyment 
of  lil)erty."  Such  jiatriots  deserve  to  be  held  in 
])erpetual  remembrance.  He  left  three  sons : 
ThoniaN,  hisi)artner  in  business,  William,  attoniey- 
general,  and  Schuyler,  who  died  in  the  East 
Indies  ;  also  three  daughters. —  Thuinas,  il.  48, 
330;  LL  H.  Gaz. 

BRADFORD,  William,  attorney-general  of 
the  United  States,  died  Aug.  23,  1705.  He  was 
the  son  of  the  ])reeeding,  born  in  Philadel])hia 
Sept.  14,  1755,  and  was  early  jdaced  under  the- 
care  of  a  res])ectable  clergyman  a  few  miles  from 
the  city.  His  father  had  formed  the  plan  of 
bringing  him  up  in  the  insurance  office,  which  he 
(hen  conducted ;  but  so  strong  was  the  love  of 
learning  implanted  in  the  mind  of  his  son,  that 
neither  persuasions,  nor  offers  of  j)ecuniary  ad- 
vantage, could  prevail  with  him  to  abandon  the 
hojjes  of  a  Uberal  education.  He  was  graduated 
at  Princeton  college  in  1772.  During  his  resi- 
dence at  this  seminary  he  was  greatly  beloved  by 
his  fellow  students,  while  he  confirmed  the  ex- 
l)octations  of  his  friends  and  the  faculty  of  the 
college  by  giving  repeated  evidence  of  genius  and 
taste.  At  the  jjubUc  commencement  he  liad  one 
of  the  highest  honors  of  the  class  conferred  uj)on 
him.  He  continued  at  Prhiceton  til!  the  year  fol- 
lowing, during  which  time  he  had  an  opportunity 
of  attending  the  lectures  on  theology  of  Dr. 
Witherspoon. 

He  now  commenced  the  study  of  the  law  under 
Edward  Shijjijcn,  and  he  prosecuted  his  studies 
with  unwearied  apjjlication.  In  the  spring  of 
1770  he  was  called  upon  by  tlie  peculiar  circum- 
stances of  the  times  to  exert  himself  in  defence 
of  the  dearest  rights  of  human  nature,  and  to 
join  the  standard  of  his  country  in  opposition  to 
the  opjjressive  exactions  of  Great  Britain.  A^'hen 
the  militia  were  called  out  to  form  the  fiying  camp, 
he  was  chosen  major  of  brigade  to  Gen.  Rober- 
deau,  and  on  the  cxjii'-ation  of  his  term  accej)ted 
a  company  in  Col.  Hampton's  regiment  of  regu- 
lar troops.  He  was  soon  promoted  to  the  station 
of  deputy  muster-master-general,  with  the  rank 
of  heut.-colonel,  in  which  olHce  he  continued  about 
two  years,  till  his  want  of  health  obliged  him  to 
resign  his  commission  and  return  home.  He  now 
recommenced  the  study  of  the  law,  and  in  Sept., 
1779,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  supreme 
court.  In  Aug.,  1780,  he  was  appointed  attorney- 
general  of  Peimsylvania. 

In   1784  he  married  the  daughter  of  Ellas 


BRADFORD. 


BRADFORD. 


123 


Bnmlinot,  of  New  Ji-rscy,  witli  whom  ho  lived  till ' 
his  (Iciiili  in  the  cxcnise  of  I'vcry  donu'stic  virtue  ^ 
th;it  adorns  lumiaii  iiaturi'.  On  tln'  rcfonnation 
of  lliu  courts  of  justice  under  llic  new  constitution 
of  Pennsylvania,  he  was  solicited  to  accejjt  the 
oflice  of  a  jud^e  of  the  sujjrenie  court,  and  was 
commissioned  hy(iov.  Mitllin,  Au;,'.  li'J,  ITitl.  Ill 
this  station  his  indefati^jahle  industry,  unshaken 
inlef,'rity  and  correct  Judjjinent  cnaliled  him  to  i 
pvc  fjeneral  satisfaction.  Here  he  had  deter-  [ 
mined  to  spend  a  C()nsideral)le  ])art  of  his  life  ; 
but  on  the  jironiotioii  of  Kdmuiid  Randolph  to 
the  ollice  of  secretary  of  State,  as  successor  of 
Mr.  .letferson,  he  was  ur}j;ed  to  accept  the  odice 
of  attorney-f^eneral  of  the  L'nite<l  States,  now  left 
\acant.  He  accordhi;j;ly  received  the  ai)i)ointment 
Jan.  28,  17'J4.  But  he  continued  only  a  short 
time  in  this  station,  to  which  he  was  elevated  by 
Washington.  He  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  I.ee,  of 
Virginia.  Accordhig  to  his  exjji'ess  desire,  he  was 
buried  by  the  side  of  his  iiaronts  in  the  burial 
ground  of  the  second  Presbyterian  church  in 
Philadelphia. 

Mr.  Bradl'ord  ])ossessed  n  mild  nnd  amiable 
temjjer,  and  his  genteel  and  unassuming  manners 
were  united  with  genius,  elotiuence,  and  taste. 
As  a  public  speaker  he  was  j)ersuasive  and  con- 
vincing. He  understood  mankind  well,  and  knew 
how  to  jilace  his  arguments  hi  the  most  striking 
jjoint  of  light.  His  language  was  jiure  and  sen- 
tentious ;  and  he  so  managed  most  of  his  forensic 
disputes,  as  scarcely  ever  to  displease  his  oppo- 
nents, while  he  gave  the  utmost  satisfaction  to  his 
clients.  He  jiossessed  great  firmness  of  ojiinion, 
yet  was  remarkable  for  his  modesty  and  caution 
in  delivering  his  sentiments.  Combining  a  quick 
and  retentive  memory  and  an  excellent  judgment 
with  great  equanimity  and  steadiness  in  his  cim- 
duct,  and  a  pleasing  dejiortment,  ho  conciliated 
respect  and  all'eclion.  Towards  his  country  he 
felt  the  sincorcst  attachment,  and  her  interests 
ho  preferred  to  every  selfish  consideration.  His 
charities  were  secret,  but- extensive  j  and  none  in 
distress  were  ever  known  to  leave  him  with  dis- 
content. It  is  mentioned  as  a  proof  of  his  benev- 
olence, that  he  adopted  and  educated  as  his  own 
son  an  oridian  child  of  Joscjdi  l{eed.  His  friend- 
ships were  few,  but  very  atfectionate,  and  those 
who  aided  him  in  his  first  setting  out  in  life  were 
never  ungratefully  forgotten.  Though  engaged 
constantly  hi  public  business,  yet  the  concerns  of 
this  world  did  not  make  him  regardless  of  the 
more  im])ortant  concerns  of  religion.  He  firmly 
believed  the  Christian  system,  for  he  had  given  it 
a  thorough  examination.  By  its  hic()m])arable 
rides  he  regulated  his  whole  conduct,  and  on  its 
promises  he  founded  all  his  hopes  of  future  liaj)- 
piness. 

In  the  earlier  jicriods  of  his  life  ho  was  not  un- 
acquiiiiited  with  the  walks  of  poetry,  and  some  of 


his  poetical  jiroductions,  in  iniitation  of  the  pnsto- 
rals  of  Shenstone,  were  iiuljlislie<l  in  the  I'liila- 
delphia  magazines.  They  were  at  the  time  held 
in  liigh  estiiuaticrii.  He  pulilished  iii  IT'.i.'l  an 
incpiiry  how  far  the  i)uni^hment  of  death  is  nec- 
essary in  Pennsylvania,  with  notes  and  illustra- 
tions, to  which  is  ailded  an  account  of  the  gaol 
and  ]}enitentiary  house  of  I'hilidtlphia,  by  Cnleh 
l.ownes.  This  work  was  wiillcn  at  the  request 
of  Gov.  Milllin,  and  was  intended  for  the  use  of 
the  legislature,  in  the  naline  of  a  report,  they 
liavhig  the  subject  at  large  under  their  considera- 
tion. l''urnishing  a  jiroof  of  the  good  sense  and 
philanthropy  of  the  author,  it  gained  him  great 
credit.  It  had  niuili  influence  in  meliorating  the 
criminal  laws,  and  hastening  the  almost  entire  ab- 
olition of  capital  p\uiishmeuts,  not  only  in  Penn- 
sylvania, but  in  many  oiher  States,  where  the 
interests  of  humanity  have  at  last  prevailed  over 
ancient  and  iiivelerate  prejudices. — Jli-in'  Cyrl.; 
llnrdit'x  Jlio;/.  JJirt. ;  MnvuhuU,  V.  4H!),  (i.'JiJ ; 
(loz.  V.  S.,  .\ug.  21,  17!)'). 

BJtADFORl),  SisAN,  wife  of  the  i.reeeding, 
died  in  Burlington,  X.  J.,  Nov.  IJO,  IH.Vl,  nearly 
i)().  Susan  Vergereaii  was  the  eldest  daughter  of 
Elias  lioudinot,  born  Dec.  21,  1704:  her  mother 
was  Hannah  Stockton,  of  Princeton,  a  daughter  of 
.lolin,  a  signer  of  the  declaration  of  independence. 
Her  father's  great-grandliither  was  a  Huguenot, 
who  fled  to  iMiglanil.  She  was  married  in  17vS4 
to  ^^'In.  Bradford,  who  died  in  179.J.  A  widow 
for  the  rest  of  her  life,  she  lived  in  liurHngton 
from  18()o  till  her  death,  liishoj)  Doane  visited 
her  daily  the  last  twenty  years.  She  was  opulent 
and  benevolent,  and  eminent  Iv  ])ious. 

BRADFORD,  Thomas,  died  at  I'hiladelidiia  in 
May,  1838,  aged  04.  He  was  an  eminent  jirinter, 
editor,  and  publisher,  succeeding  Franklin  in 
no;}  as  jjrinter  to  the  continental  congress. 

B]{.\l)FORD,  R()lii;uT,  major,  died  in  Belprc, 
Ohio,  in  18'J.'{,  aged  7.').  He  was  lorn  in  17ij(), 
the  son  of  Robert,  of  Kingston;  and  was  a  de- 
scendant of  the  sixth  generation  from  Gov.  B. 
In  the  war  of  the  Revolution  ho  was  a  brave  offi- 
cer. The  sword  given  him  by  I.atayette  is  in 
the  hands  of  his  only  surviving  son,  O.  I,.  Brad- 
ford, of  Wood  county,  Va.  As  an  associate  of 
the  Ohio  comjiany,  he  removed  to  Marietta  in 
1788.  The  next  year  he  and  other  oHicers  set- 
tled Beljire,  where  he  encountered  the  perils  of 
the  Indian  scalping-knife.  He  was  a  worthy, 
cheerful,  warm-hearted  pioneer  of  the  west. — 
llililri'lli'x  I'lKKj.  Mini,  ycliiflii;/  to  Ohio. 

BRADFORD,  .\xi)iii;\v,  died  at  Duxbiiry  in 
.Tan.,  18;37,  aged  91 ;  a  descendant  of  Gov.  B.  He 
was  a  (piarterniaster  in  the  Revolutionary  army, 
a  twin  brotlier  of  Peter  B.,  who  died  two  years 
before. 

BRADFORD,  John,  died  Jan.  27,  182r.,  aged 
G8.    He  was  born  m  Boston  Aug.,  17*3(5,  graduT 


124 


BRADFORD. 


BRADLEY. 


nted  nt  Ilan'nrd  in  1774,  and  was  ordained  at 
Roxliury  in  May,  I'M.  T.  Ciray  wrotu  an  oliitu- 
nry  notice,  with  a  nketih  of  the  Itoxbury  churciics, 
1S2.>. 

liUADFORD,  Aij)i;n,  died  in  lioston  Oct.  20, 
IS  la,  af^ed  7K.  He  was  horn  in  Diixhury,  I  lie 
son  of  Gamaliel,  was  graduated  hi  17ij(i,  and  a 
miuistcr  in  I'ownalhorouf^h,  now  Wiseasset,  eif^ht 
years.  From  1K12  to  1)S21  he  was  secretary  of 
State  of  ^lassachusetts.  He  jnihlishcd  a  liistory 
of  Mass.  from  170-1  to  17S!),  2  vols.  ;  from  17i)()  to 
1820 ;  also  two  sermons  on  the  doctrines  of  Christ, 
1794,  at  Ilallowell;  eul(){,'y  on  Washhifitoii ;  ordi- 
nation of  N.  Tilton,  INOl  J  sermon  at  l'lynio\ith ; 
oration,  1804;  on  death  of  Knox,  IKOO;  hiojjra- 
phy  of  C.  Strong,  1H20;  on  State  rights,  1824; 
discourse,  18o0;  and  account  of  "Wiscasset  and 
Duxliury  in  historical  collections. 

liJJADFOR]),  i;i!i;xi;zKK,  minister  of  Rowley, 
a  brother  of  Moses,  died  Jan.  3,  1801,  aged  i)o. 
A  graduate  of  I'rinceton  in  1773,  he  was  settled 
at  R.  in  1782,  after  living  a  few  years  in  Danbury. 
His  son,  John  !Melancthon  B.,  D.  1).,  was  a  grad- 
uate at  Providence  in  1800.  His  wife  was  a  sister 
of  Dr.  Green,  of  Fliiladelijhia.  He  jjublished  a 
sermon  at  the  ordination  of  N.  Howe,  1701 ; 
strictures  on  Dr.  Langdon's  remarks  on  Hopkins* 
system,  1794;  at  a  thanksgiving,  also  at  a  fast, 
1790  ;  at  the  installation  of  J.  H.  Stevens,  1795. 

BRADFORD,  IMosES,  died  in  Montague  June 
13,  1838,  aged  73.  A  descendant  of  Gov.  Brad- 
ford by  his  son  'VVillinm,  he  was  born  in  Canter- 
bury, Conn.,  the  brother  of  Rev.  ii.  B.,  of 
Rowley.  He  graduated  at  Dartmoutli  in  1785, 
and  was  from  1790  the  minister  of  Franccstown 
thirty-seven  years,  eminently  useful,  the  church 
growing  from  fifty  members  to  three  or  four  hun- 
dred.    He  had  three  sons,  who  were  i)reacher8. 

BRADFORD,  Epiiuaim  P.,  minister  of  New 
Boston,  N.  H.  nearly  forty  years,  died  Dec.  14, 
1845  :  a  graduate  of  Harvard  in  1803,  and  a  dili- 
gent laborer. 

BRADFORD,  Gamaliel,  M.  D.,  superintend- 
ent of  the  Mass.  general  hospital,  died  in  Boston 
Oct.  22,  1839,  aged  nearly  44  j  a  descendant  of 
William  B.,  and  a  graduate  of  1814.  He  was  an 
adversary  of  phrenology,  and  of  slavery.  He 
wrote  eighty  miscellaneous  pieces ;  among  them 
an  address  on  temperance ;  a  letter  on  slavery, 
and  various  reviews.  A  Memoir  by  Dr.  Francis 
is  in  Hist.  Coll.  3d  series,  vol  ix. 

BRADLEY,  Samikl,  killed  in  the  "  Bradley 
massacre,"  was  an  early  settler  at  Concord,  N.  H., 
then  Rumford.  On  the  11th  Aug.,  1740,  as  he 
was  proceeding  w  ith  six  others  to  Hopkinton,  the 
party  was  attacked  by  a  hundred  Lidians  a  mile 
and  a  half  from  Concord  village.  Samuel  Brad- 
ley was  killed  and  scal])cd  near  the  brook.  To 
his  brother,  Jonathan  Bradley,  a  lieutenant  in 
Copt.  Ladd's  company,  quarter  was  offered  j  but 


I  he  refused  it,  and  fought  till  he  was  hewed  down 
;  with  the  tomahawk.     Three  others  were  killed : 
'''  Alexander  Roberts  and   AVilliam  Stitkncy  were 
made  prisoners.     Mr.  IJradley  was  a  young  man  j 
his  widow,  who  married  ]{ichnrd  Calle,  of  Ches- 
ter, died  Aug.  10,  1817,  aged  98.     His  son,  John, 
I  who  was  two  years  old  at  the  time  of  the  nias- 
I  sacre,  was  a  very  respectable  citizen  of  Concord, 
j  and  served  hi   both  branches  of  the  legislature. 
j  He   died   July   5,  1815,   aged   71,  leaving   sons, 
among  whom  was  Samuel  A.  Bradley,  of  Frye- 
burg.     Seven   persons   of  the   name  of  Hradley 
were  killed  by  the  Indians  in  Haverhill,  Mass.,  in 
March,  1097  ;  in  1704  a  Jlrs.  Bradley,  after  kill- 
ing an  Indian  by  jjouring  boiling  soap  on   him, 
was    taken    prisoner.  —  Jiotiion's    Cenl.    Disc; 
Moore^s  Ann.  of  Concord ;  C'vlL  Hint.  Soc.  s.  s, 
IV.  129. 

BRADLEY,  Stepuen  R.,  a  senator  of  the 
United  States,  was  born  Oct.  20,  1754,  in  Wal- 
lingford,  now  Cheshire,  Conn.,  and  graduated 
at  Yale  college  in  1775.  He  was  the  aid  of 
Gen.  Wooster,  when  that  officer  fell  in  a  skirmish 
with  the  enemy.  Removing  to  Vermont,  he  con- 
tributed much  to  the  establishment  of  that  State. 
He  was  one  of  its  first  senators  to  congress,  in 
which  body  he  continued,  with  one  intermission, 
until  he  retired  from  public  life  in  1812.  He 
died  at  Walpole,  N.  XL,  Dec.  16,  1830,  aged  76. 
He  published  Vermont's  appeal,  1779,  which  has 
been  sometimes  ascribed  to  Ira  Allen. 

BRADLEY,  William  II.,  a  poet,  was  bom  in 
Providence,  R.  I.  After  being  educated  as  a  phy- 
sician, he  went  to  Cuba,  where  he  died  in  1825. 
He  published  Giuscppino,  an  occidental  story, 
1822;  besides  many  fugitive  pieces. — Spec.  Amer. 
Poet.n.  394,398. 

BRADLEY,  Abraham,  assistant  postmaster 
general,  died  at  Washington  May  7, 1838. 

BRADLEY,  Puineiias,  Dr.,  died  at  Washing- 
ton Feb.  28,  1845,  aged  75.  Bom  at  Litchfield, 
he  practised  physic  at  Painted  Post,  N.  Y. ;  but 
about  1800  accepted  an  appouitment  in  the  post 
ofiice  at  Washington;  he  was  second  assistant 
postmaster-general. 

BRADLEY,  Joshua,  a  Baptist  minister,  died 
at  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  Nov.  22, 1855,  aged  85. 
From  his  20th  year  he  was  engaged  in  education 
and  the  ministry,  rendering  great  services  to  the 
cause  of  religion. 

BRADLEY,  Emilie,  wife  of  Dr.  D.  B.  Brad- 
ley, missionary  to  Siam,  died  at  Bangkok  Aug.  2, 
1845,  aged  34.  Her  name  was  Emilie  Royce,  of 
Chnton,  N.  Y.  She  embarked  July  2,  1834,  and 
had  been  ten  years  a  missionary.  Her  end  was 
remarkably  peaceful,  like  that  of  many  other 
missionaries.  She  was  glad  the  Siamese  could 
see  how  a  Christian  could  die ;  she  wished  them 
to  judge  which  religion  makes  the  soul  most 
happy  in  the  hour  of  death. 


BRADSTREET. 


BR.VDSTREET, 


125 


liRABSTREET,  Sniox,  governor  of  Mass.,  i  London,  graduated  IGOO,  was  ordalnrd  Oct.  5, 
the  sou  of  a  nonconformist  minister  in  England,'  1(370,  and  died  1CS.J.  Another  son.  Major  Dud- 
died  at  Salom,  March  27,  1(;!)7,  aged  94.  Ife  U'y  H.,  was  taken  prisoner  I)y  the  Indiiins  with 
■was  born  at  llorbUng  in  Lincohishire  in  March,  i  his  wife  at  Andover  in  UIDH. —.lAr/Z/r/'.v  Mdijiia- 
1C03.  His  father  died  when  lie  was  at  the  age  ofi  lin,  II.  19,  2{) ;  JJiitrliiii.s<,ii,  I.  IH,  219,  323;  U. 
fourteen.  Rut  he  was  soon  alterwards  taken  into  I  13,  IO.j;  Hnlnirs,  I.  KiO. 
the  religious  family  of  the  Earl  of  Lincoln,  in 
which  he  conthuicd  about  eight  years  under  the 


direction  of  'I'liomas   Dudley,  and   among  other 
ollices   sustained  that   of  steward,     lie   lived   a 
year   at  liimanuel  college,  Cambridge,  pursuing 
his  studies  amidst  many  interruptions.     Ho  then 
returned   to   the   earl's;  but  soon   accepted  the 
place  of  steward  in  the  family  of  the  Countess  of 
Warwick.     Here  he  continued  till  he  married  a 
daughter  of  Mr.  Dudley,  and  was  jiersuaded  to 
engage  in  the  project  of  making  a  settlement  in 
Massachusetts.     He  was  in  March,  1030,  chosen 
assistant  of  the  colony,  which  was  about  to  be  es- 
tablished, and  arrived  at  Salem  in  the  summer  of 
the  same  year.     He  was  at  the  first  court,  which 
was  held  at  Charlestown  Aug.  "'!.     He  was  after- 
wards secretary  and  agent  of  .Massachusetts,  and 
commissioner  of  the   united  colonies.     He   was 
sent  with   Mr.   Norton   in  1CG2   to  congratulate 
King  Charles  on  liis  restoration,  and  as  agent  of 
the  colony  to  promote  its  interests.     From  1G73 
to  1079  he  was  dejjuty  governor.    In  this  last 
year    he    succeeded  Mr.  Leveretl    as  governor, 
and  remained  in  this  office  till.  May,  1CS6,  when 
the  charter  was  dissolved,  and  Josej)h  Dudley 
commenced  Ills  administration   as  president  of 
New  England.    Li  May,  1089,  after  the  imj)rison- 
ment  of  Andres,  he  was  reiilaced  in  the  ollice  of 
governor,  which  station  he  held  till  the  arrival  of 
Sir  William  I'liipps  in  May,  1C92,  with  a  charter 
■wliicli  deprived  the  people  of  tho  right  of  elect- 
ing their  chief  magistrate.     He  had  been  fifty 
years  an  assistant  of  the  colony.     He  had  lived  at 
Cambridge,  Ipswich,  Andover,  Boston,  and  Salem. 
Gov.  Bradstrcet,  though  he  possessed  no  splendid 
talents,  yet  by  his  integrity,  jirudence,  moderation, 
and  piety  acquired  the  confidence  of  all  classes  of 
people.    When  King  Charles  demanded  a  sur- 
render of  the  charter,  he  was  in  favor  of  comjjly- 
ing ;  and  the  event  proved  the  correctness  of  his 
opinion.    He  thought  it  would  be  more  prudent 
for  the  colonists  to  submit  to  a  power  which  they 
could  not  resist,  than  to  have  judgment  given 
against  the  charter,  and  thus  their  pri\ileges  be 
entii'cly  cut  off.    If  his  moderation  in  regard  to 
religious  aflairs,  particularly  towards  the  Anabap- 
tists and  the  Quakers,  was  not  so  conspicuous,  it 
was  not  a  fault  pecuUar  to  him.    Yet  he  had  tho 
good  sense  to  oppose  the  witchcraft  delusion.     He 
had  eight  cliildren  by  his  first  wife,  the  daughter 
of  governor  Thomas  Dudley,  who  wrote  a  volume 
of  poems.     His  second  wife,  a  sister  of  Sir  George 
Downing,  was  the  widow  of  Joseph  Gardner,  of 
Salem.    His  sou,  Siiuun,  the  minister  of  New 


BR.\DS'1"RE1;T,  Anxk,  a  poetess,  was  the 
daughter  of  Governor  ]  )udley,  and  was  born  in 
1012  at  Northam])ton,  England.  At  the  age  of 
sixteen  she  married  Mr.  liradsfreet,  afterwards 
governor  of  Massachusetts,  and  accompanied  him 
to  America  in  1030.  After  being  the  mother  of 
eight  children,  she  died  Sept.  10,  1072,  aged  00. 

Her  volume  of  poems  was  dedicated  to  her 
father,  in  a  copy  of  verses  dated  March  20, 1042, 
and  is  jirobably  the  earliest  ])oetic  volume  written 
in  America.  The  title  is  :  "  Several  I'oems,  com- 
piled with  great  variety  of  wit  and  learnuig,  ftiU 
of  delight ;  wherein  esjiecially  is  contained  a  com- 
j)lete  discourse  and  description  of  the  four  ele- 
ments, constitutions,  ages  of  man,  seasons  of  the 
year,  together  wit't  an  exact  epitome  of  the  three 
first  monai'chies,  \  iz :  the  Assyrian,  Persian,  Gre- 
cian, and  Roman  commonwealth,  from  the  begin- 
ning to  the  end  of  their  last  king,  with  divers 
other  pleasant  and  serious  poems.  By  a  gentle- 
woman of  New  England."  A  third  edition  was 
pubUshed  in  1758.  —  Spec.  Am er.  I^oet.  lutr.XX.; 
American  Qitar.  Ilev.  II.  494—190. 

BRADSTREET,  Simon,  minister  of  Charles- 
town,  Mass.,  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college 
in  1093,  and  was  ordained  as  successor  of  Mr. 
Morton,  Oct.  20,  1098.  He  received  J.  Stephens 
as  colleague  in  1721,  and  Mr.  Abbot  as  his  col- 
league in  1724.  After  a  ministry  of  more  than 
forty  years,  he  died  Dec.  31,  1741,  aged  72.  His 
successors  were  Abbot,  Prentice,  Paine,  and 
Dr.  Morse.  He  was  a  very  learned  man,  of  a 
strong  mind,  tenacious  memory,  and  lively  imagi- 
nation. Lieut.-Governor  Taller  introduced  him  to 
Governor  Burnet,  who  was  himself  a  fine  scholar, 
by  saying,  here  is  a  man  who  can  whistle  Greek  j 
and  the  governor  afterwards  sjioke  of  him  as  one 
of  the  first  literary  characters  and  best  preachers 
whom  he  had  met  with  in  America.  Mr.  Brad- 
street  was  subject  to  hypochondriacal  complaints, 
which  made  him  afraid  to  preach  in  the  pulpit 
some  years  before  he  died.  He  delivered  his  ser- 
mons in  the  deacon's  seat,  without  notes,  and  they 
were  in  general  melancholy  effusions  upon  the 
wretclied  state  of  mankind  and  the  vanity  of  the 
world.  He  jiossessed  such  a  catholic  spirit,  that 
some  of  the  more  zealous  brethren  accused  him 
of  Arminianism ;  but  the  only  evidence  of  tliis 
was  his  fondness  for  Tillotson's  sermons,  and  his 
being  rather  a  practical  than  a  doctrinal  preacher. 

He  seldom  appeared  with  a  coat,  but  always  wore 
a  j)laid  gown,  and  was  generally  seen  with  a  i)ipe 
in  his  mouth.  His  Latin  epitaph  upon  his  prede- 
cessor, Mr.  Morton,  has  been  preserved  by  the 


126 


BR.VDSTREET. 


BRAINARD. 


Mass.  Hist.  Socictj .—  Hist.  Coll.  nil.  "lo ;  Bml- 
inglnn. 

HUADSTIIKET,  Simo.v,  ministi-r  of  Marl)lo- 
hcad,  was  the  son  of  tlie  ])rt'C'i'(linH:,  and  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  collcp;o  in  ITliS.  He  was 
ordained  successor  of  Mr.  HolyoUe  Jan.  4,  IV.'JS, 
and  died  Oct.  o,  1771;  Isaac  Story,  wlio  married 
his  dauf^htcr,  haviiifj  hcen  his  collea;;uc  four  or 
five  months.  He  was  an  excellent  scholar,  a  most 
worthy  and  jiious  Christian,  and  laithful  ])astor; 
laboring  to  briii;^  his  hearers  to  the  love  of  (iod, 
tho  reception  of  the  Saviour,  and  the  practice  of 
holiness.  He  jjuhlislicd  a  sermon  on  the  death 
of  his  brother  Samuel,  of  t'harlestown,  170.5. 

BIIADSTJIEET,    John,   a  major-general    in 
America,  appointed  by  tiio  king  of  Great  Britain, 
was   in   1740   lieutenant-governor  of  St.  John's, 
Newfoundland.     He  was  afterwards  distinguished 
for  his  military  services.     It  was  tliought  of  the 
highest  importance  in  the  year  1 7.J0  to  keci)  open 
the  communication  with  Fort  Oswego  on  Lake 
Ontario.     Gen.  Shirley  accordingly  enlisted  forty 
companies  of  boatmen,  each  consisting  of  fifty 
men,  for   transjjorting  stores   to   the  fort  from 
Schenectady,  and  i)laced  them  under  the  command 
of  Bradstrcet,  who  was  an  active  and  vigilant 
officer,  and  inured  to  the  hardships  to  whicli  that 
service  exposed  liini.     In  the  heginnhig  of  the 
spring  of  this  year  a  small  stockaded  post  with 
twenty-five  men,  at  the  carrying  j)lace,  was  cut  off. 
It  became  necessary  to  jiass  through  the  country 
with   large   squadrons  of  boats,   as   the   enemy 
infested  the  ])assagc  through  the  Onondaga  river. 
On  his  return  from  Oswego,  July  3,  17.56,  Col. 
Bradstreet,  who  was  ai)])rehensive  of  being  am- 
bushed, ordered  the  several  di\isions  to  proceed  as 
near  each  other  as  possible.     He  was  at  the  head 
of  about  three   bundled  boatmen  in  the  first 
division,  when  at  the  distance  of  nine  miles  from 
the  fort  the  enemy  rose  from  their  ambuscade  and 
attacked  him.    He  instantly  landed  upon  a  small 
island    and  \nth  but  six  men  maintained    his 
position,  till  he  was  reinforced.     A  general  en- 
gagement   ensued,    in    which    Bradstreet    with 
gallantry  rushed  iijjon  a  more  numerous  enemy, 
and  entirely  routed  them,  killing  and  wounding 
about  two  hundred  men.      His  own   loss  was 
about  thirty.    In  the  year  175iS  he  was  intrusted 
with  the  conmiand  of  three  thousand  men  on  an 
ex])cdition  against   Fort  Frontcnac,  which  was 
planned  by  himself.     Ho  embarked  at  Oswego  on 
Lake  Ontario,  and  on  the  evening  of  Aug.  25th 
landed  within  a  mile  of  the  fort.     On  the  27th  it 
was  surrendered  to  him.     Forty  pieces  of  cannon 
and  a  vast  quantity  of  ])rovisions  and  merchandize, 
with  one  hundred  arid  ten  prisoners,  fell  into  liis 
hands.     The  fort  and  nuie  armed  vessels  and  such 
stores  as  could  not  be  removed,  were  destroyed. 
In  August,  17G4,  he  advanced  with  a  considerable 
force  toward  the  Indian  country,  and  at  Presque 


Isle  compelled  the  Hclawarcs,  Shawanosc,  and 
other  Indians  to  terms  of  peace.  He  was  a])- 
])ointed  major-general  in  May,  1772.  After 
rendering  important  services  to  his  country,  he 
died  at  New  York  Oct.  21,  M'h—Kijnile,  II. 
j;Mil,  8(i-HS;  Ann.  Jlci/.  for  MCA,  181 ;  Holmes, 
11.  lOHj  Marshall,  \.  137,438;  Coil.  Hist.  Hoc, 
VII.  1.50,  I'j.j;  Manle. 

BnA])STKEET,STi:pnEN  I.,  died  in  Cleveland 
June  !),  1837,  aged  42;  ])astor  of  thi?  first  church, 
then  editor  of  the  Ohio  Observer  and  of  the  Cleve- 
land Messenger;  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth,  1819. 

BIl.\I)Y,  Hugh,  major-general,  died  in  Detroit 
April  1.5,  1.S51,  figed  83.  Born  in  Pennsylvania, 
he  entered  the  army  in  1792,  and  served  under 
Wayne  against  the  Indians.  At  the  battle  of 
Chippewa  he  headed  his  regiment.  From  1825 
he  was  stationed  at  Detroit.  A  life  of  rigid 
temijerancc  and  regular  activity  gave  him  an 
clastic  stej)  in  old  age.  He  had  a  j)ure  and 
upright  character. 

BB AIXAl  n ),  Joiix  GARniNER  Calkins,  a  poet, 
was  the  son  of  Judge  Jeremiah  G.  Brainard  of 
Xew  London,  Conn.,  died  Se])t.  26,  1828,  aged 
32.  He  was  born  about  the  year  1797.  Ho  was 
graduated  in  1815  at  Yale  college.  Though  his 
name  diilcrs  in  one  letter  from  that  of  the 
celebrated  missionary,  yet  probably  they  had  a 
common  ancestor.  Indeed  his  name,  in  a  catalogue 
of  the  college,  is  given  Brainenl,  while  that  of 
John,  a  brother  of  David,  is  printed  Brainard. 
These  are  jjrobably  both  mistakes.  Autograph 
letters  of  David  and  John  in  my  ])osscssion 
])resent  the  form  of  Brainerd ;  the  other  form  of 
the  name  being  adopted  by  the  jioet  and  his 
father,  I  do  not  feel  authorized  to  change  it  for  the 
salve  of  uniformity.  Brainard  studied  law  and 
commenced  the  practice  at  Middlotown  ;  but  not 
finding  the  success  which  he  desired,  in  1822  he 
undertook  the  editorial  charge  of  the  Connecticut 
Mirror  at  Hartford.  Thus  ho  was  occui)ied  about 
seven  years,  until,  being  marked  as  a  ^ictira  for  the 
consumption,  he  returned  about  a  year  before  his 
death  to  his  father's  house. 

He  was  an  excellent  editor  of  the  paper,  which 
he  conducted,  enriching  it  with  his  poetical  j)ro- 
ductions,  which  have  originality,  force,  and  pathos, 
and  with  many  beautiful  prose  compositions,  and 
refraining  from  that  personal  abuse,  which  many 
editors  seem  to  think  essential  to  their  vocation. 
In  this  respect  his  gentlemanly  exami'.lc  is  woithy 
of  being  followed  by  the  editorial  corps.  He, 
who  addresses  himself  every  week  or  every  day  to 
thousands  of  readers,  sustains  a  high  responsibility. 
If,  destitute  of  good  breeding  and  good  principles, 
he  is  determined  to  attract  notice  by  the  person- 
ahties,  for  which  there  is  a  greedy  apjjetite  ii)  the 
community ;  if  he  yields  himself  a  slave  to  the 
party  which  he  espouses,  and  toils  for  it  by  con- 
tumelies upon  Ills  opponents;    if,  catching  the 


BRAINEltD. 


imAlNEUn. 


127 


Bpirit  of  an  iiifuriatod  zealot,  and  rcjjardlcss  of  j 
truth  iuid  lioiior,  lie  scatters  aliroad  his  nialij,'nant 
filandiTs  anil  iiillaniniatory  trKhit'cinonts;  thon, 
insti'ad  of  a  wiit-  and  lioni'volcnt  teacher  and 
(guides  he  ])rosents  lumself  as  a  sower  of  dL.cord 
and  a  inhiister  of  evil. 

When  he  was  a  niemlier  of  Yule  college  in 
IHl."),  dnrinj;  a  revival  of  rell^^inn,  he  was  deejily 
impressed  with  his  sin  and  danger;  but  his 
reli;;ious  sensihility  soon  diminished,  and  the  world 
octujaed  aj^ain  his  thour^hts,  thouf^h  speculatively 
he  assented  to  the  truths  of  the  {gospel.  Thus  he 
lived  twelve  or  thirteen  years,  till  a  few  months 
before  his  death.  Then,  at  his  father's  house, 
durinj^  his  decay  by  the  consum])tion,  he  sjient  his 
days  and  evenings  in  reading;  religious  hooks  and 
in  pious  meditations.  To  his  minister,  Mr. 
McEwen,  ho  said,  "This  plan  of  salvation  in  the 
gospel  is  all  that  I  want ;  it  lill*  me  with  wonder 
mid  gratitude,  and  makes  the  prospect  of  death 
not  only  peacel'ul,  hut  joyous."  I'ale  an<l  fechle, 
he  went  to  the  house  of  God,  and  made  a  j)r()- 
fcssion  of  religion  and  was  baptized.  The  next 
Sabbath,  as  lie  could  not  attend  meeting,  the 
Lord's  supper  was  administered  at  his  room.  His 
last  remark  to  his  minister  was,  "  I  am  willing  to 
die;  I  have  no  righteousness,  hut  Christ  and  his 
atonement  are  enough.  God  is  a  God  of  truth, 
and  I  think  1  am  reconciled  to  him."  The  change 
experienced  by  the  renovated,  pardoned  sinner,  is 
described  by  him  in  the  following  lines: 

"All  sights  nre  f.iir  tn  the  rwovcrcJ  lilind; 
All  sounds  lire  niiisic  to  tlio  dc  if  restored ; 
The  lame,  made  whole,  h'aps  like  t]ie  spm-tivo  hind; 
And  tlio  sad,  bow'd  ilown  pinner,  witli  Iiis  lo;ul 
Of  Bhamu  and  sorrow,  wlteii  ho  cuts  tlie  cord, 
And  le;ives  his  pacli  lichi.id,  is  free  iipiin 
In  tlie  light  jolie  .ind  burden  of  hLs  Lord." 

He  published  Occasional  pieces  of  poetry,  12mo., 
18'JJ. —  Specimens  Amer.  Poetry,  ni.  198-212; 
Ilaires'  Sermon. 

BIIAIN Elil ),  D.vvin,  an  eminent  jircachcr  and 
missionary  to  the  Indians,  died  at  Northampton 
Oct.  9,  1747,  aged  29  j  liis  gravestone  by  mistake 
says  Oct.  10.  lie  was  born  at  Iladdum,  Conn., 
April  20,  171S.  His  grandfather  was  Deacon 
Daniel  B.,  who  was  born  in  IJraintree,  E,ssex, 
England,  and  who  settled  in  Haddam  about  ICGO, 
and  died  in  17  1j.  He  came  to  this  country  at 
the  age  of  eight,  in  the  "Wyllys  family,  about 
1049;  his  wife  was  Hannah,  daughter  of  Jared 
Spencer.  His  father,  llezcldah  llrauierd,  was  an 
assistant  of  the  Lolony,  or  a  member  of  the 
council,  who  died  when  his  son  was  about  nine 
years  of  age ;  his  mother,  Dorothy,  the  daughter 
of  Rev.  Jeremiah  Hobart,  and  widow  of  D. 
Mason,  died  when  he  was  fourteen  years  of  age. 
His  elder  brother,  llczekiah,  was  a  rejirescntative 
of  lladdam;  and  his  brother  Xehcmiah,  who 
died  in  1742,  was  a  mhiistcr  in  Glastenbui-y.  His 
sister,  Mai-tha,  married  Gen.  Joseph  Spencer,  of 


E.nst  lladdam.     .\s  his  mind  was  early  impressed 
by  the  truths  of  religion,  he  tonk  delight  in  read- 
ing   those    bool^s    which    coninnmicale    religious 
instnietioiii  he  called  u|)o:i  the  luinu' ")f  (iod  in 
secret   jirayer;    he   studied  the   ScWptures  with 
great  dili'jence;  and  he  associated  with  several 
voung   jicrsons   for    mutual   encouragement  and 
assistance  in  the  jiaths  of  wisdom.     I!ut  in  all  this 
I'.e  afterwards  considered  hiinsell' as  sell-righteous, 
as  completely  dcstilule  of  true  ];iety,  as  governed 
by  the  tear  of  future  pnni;  hmeiit  and  not  by  the 
love  of  God,  as  (le|)''nding  for  salvation  upon  his 
good  feelings  and   his  strict  lil'e,  without  a  ])er- 
ccption   of   the  necessity  and  the   value   of  the 
mediation   of  Christ.     At   this   time   he  indeed 
acknowledged,  that  he  deserved  nothing  for  his 
l)est   works,   for    the    theory   of    salvation   was 
lamiliar  to  him  ;  but  while  he  made  the  acknowl- 
(dgment,  he  did  not  feel  what  it  inijilied.     He 
still  secretly  relied  upon  the  wannlh  of  his  ad'ec- 
tious,  upon   liis  sincerity,  ujxin   some  tpialily  in 
himself,  as  the  ground  of  acceptance  with  Ciod  ; 
instead  of  relying  iijion  the  Lord  Jesus,  through 
whom  alone  there  is  access  to  the  Father.     At 
length  he  was  brought  under  a  deej)  sense  of  his 
sinfulness,   and    he    jierceived,   that    there    was 
nothing  }:ood  in  himself.     This  conviction  was  not 
a  sudden  jjerturliation  of  mind;  it  was  a  perma- 
nent impression,  made  by  the  view  of  his  own 
character,  when  conijjared  with  that  holy  law  of 
God,  which   he   was   bound   to   obey,     lint  the 
discovery   was  unwelcome   and   irritating.      He 
could  not  readily  abandon  the  hope,  which  rested 
111)011  his  religious  exercises.     He  was  reluctant  to 
admit,  that  the  jjrinciple,  whence  all  his  actions 
proceeded,  was  entirely  corrujjt.     lie  was  ojjposed 
to  the  strictness  of  the  Divine  law,  which  extended 
to  the  heart  as  well  as  to  the  life.     He  murmured 
agahist  the  doctrines,  that  faith  was  iiulisj)eiisably 
necessary  to  salvation,  and  that  faith  was  com- 
pletely the  gill  of  God.     He  was  irritated  in  not 
finding  any  way  pointed  out,  which  would  lead 
him  to  the  Saviour;  in  not  linding  any  means 
prescribed,  by  which  an  unrenewed  man  could  of 
his  own  strength  obtain  that,  which  the  highest 
angel    could  not  give.      He   was   unwilling    to 
believe,  that  he  was  dead  in  tresjiasses  and  in 
sins.     But  these  uiijileasant  truths  were  fastened 
upon  his  mind,  and  they  could  not  be  shaken  of!'. 
It  ])leascd  God  to  (Uselose  to  him  his  true  character 
and  condition,  and  to  quell  the  tumult  of  his  soul. 
He  saw  that  his  schemes  to  save  himself  were 
entirely  vain,  and  must  forever  be  iiieii'ectual ;  he 
perceived    that  it   was    sclf-iutercit  which   had 
before  led  him  to  pray,  and  that  he  had  never 
once  prayed  from    any  respect  to  the  glory  of 
God;  he  felt  that  he  was  lost.     In  this  state  of 
mind,  while  he  was  walking  in  a  solitary,  place  in 
the  evening  of  July  12,  1739,  meditating  upon 
^  religious  subjects,  his  mind  was  illuminated  with 


128 


miiVINERD. 


com])letcly  now  views  of  the  Divine  ])erfections  ; 
he  ])erceivi(l  n  glory  in  tlie  diaractcr  of  (jod  and 
in  the  nay  of  Nalviifi;)n  \>\  the  cnitificd  Son  of  the 
Most  Iligiii  wliich  he  never  before  discerned; 
and  he  was  led  to  de])end  upon  Jesus  Christ  for 
rigliteousness,  and  to  seek  tiie  glory  of  God  as 
his  |)rinei])al  olijeet. 

In  Sei)teiulier,  1730,  he  was  admitted  a  mem- 
ber of  Yale  college,  but  he  was  e.\])clled  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1741.'.  The  circumstances  which  led  to  this 
cxiiulsion  wore  these:  'J'here  liad  lieen  great 
attenticm  to  religion  in  the  college,  and  Mr. 
Drainci'd,  whose  feelings  were  naturally  warm, 
and  whose  soul  was  interested  in  the  jirogress  of 
the  gos])el,  was  misled  by  an  inteni]}erate  zeal, 
and  was  guilty  of  indiscretions,  wliich  at  that 
time  were  not  unfrequeut.  In  a  conversation 
with  some  of  his  associates  ho  (.'Xinx'sscd  his  be- 
lief, that  one  of  the  tutor.s  was  destitute  of 
religion,  lieing  in  j)art  overheard,  his  associates 
were  coni]?elled  by  tiie  rector  to  declare,  res])cct- 
ing  whom  he  was  s])eakiug;  and  he  was  required 
to  make  a  jiublie  confession  in  the  haU.  IJrahierd 
thought,  that  it  was  imjust  to  extort  from  his 
friends  what  he  had  uttered  in  conversation,  and 
that  the  punishment  was  too  severe.  As  he  re- 
fused to  make  the  confession,  and  as  he  had  been 
guilty  of  going  to  a  sejjarate  meeting  after  pro- 
liibition  by  the  authority  of  college,  he  was 
expelled.  In  the  circumstances,  which  led  to  this 
result,  there  ajijjcars  a  strong  disposition  to  hunt 
up  offences  against  the  "  New  Lights,"  as  those 
who  were  attached  to  the  j)reaching  of  Mr.  Whit- 
field and  'iennent,  were  then  called.  It  was  not  so 
strange  that  a  young  man  should  have  been  in- 
discreet, as  that  lie  should  confess  himself  to  have 
been  so.  Mr.  Urainert'  afterwards  jierceivcd  that 
he  had  been  luicharitable  and  liad  done  wrong, 
and  with  sincci-ity  and  humility  he  acknowledged 
his  error  and  exhilnted  a  truly  Christian  sj)irit ; 
but  he  never  obtained  his  degree.  Though  he 
felt  no  resentment,  and  ever  lamented  his  own 
conduct ;  yet  ho  always  considered  liimself  as 
abused  in  the  management  of  this  alfiiir. 

In  the  s])ring  of  1742  he  went  to  Kipton,  to 
jnu'sue  the  study  of  divinity  under  the  care  of 
Air.  Mills  ;  and  at  the  end  of  July  was  licensed  to 
preach,  by  the  association  of  ministers  which  met 
at  Danbury,  after  they  had  made  in(iuiries  re- 
sjiecting  his  learning,  and  his  acquuhitancc  with 
experimental  religion.  Soon  after  he  began  his 
theological  studies,  he  was  desirous  of  jjreaching 
the  gospel  to  the  heathen,  and  freciuently  prayed 
for  them.  In  November,  after  he  was  licensed, 
he  was  invited  to  go  to  New-  York,  and  was  ex- 
amined by  the  corresjiondents  of  the  society  for 
proj)agating  Christian  knowledge,  and  was  ap- 
pointed by  them  a  missionary  to  the  Indians. 

He  arrived  on  the  first  of  April,  1743,  at  Kau- 
nameek,  aii  Indian  village  in  the  woods  between 


BIIAIXEKD. 

Stockbridge,  in  the  State  of  Massachusetts,  and 
Albany,  at  the  distance  of  about  twenty  miles 
from  the  former  jdace  and  illteen  miles  from 
Kinderhonk.  He  now  l)egan  his  labors  at  the 
age  of  twenty-five,  and  continued  in  tliis  jilaco 
about  a  year.  At  first  he  lived  in  a  wigwam 
among  the  Indians ;  but  he  afterwards  built  him- 
self a  cabin,  that  he  might  be  alone,  when  not 
emjiloyed  in  preaching  and  instructing  the  savages. 
lie  lodged  upon  a  iiundlc  of  straw,  and  his  food 
was  iirincijjally  boiled  corn,  hasty  ])udding,  and 
samp.  "With  a  feeble  l)ody,  and  frequent  illness, 
and  great  depression  of  mind,  he  was  obliged  to 
encounter  many  discouragements,  and  to  submit 
to  hardships,  which  would  be  almost  insujjporta- 
ble  by  a  much  stronger  constitution.  But  he 
jjersisted  in  his  benevolent  labors,  animated  by 
tlie  ho])c  that  he  should  jirove  the  means  of 
illuminating  some  darkened  mind  with  the  truth 
as  it  is  in  Jesus.  Besides  his  exertions,  which 
had  inunediate  reference  to  the  instruction  of  the 
savages,  he  studied  much,  and  emjjloyed  much 
time  in  the  delightful  employment  of  communing 
in  the  wilderness  with  that  merciful  Being,  who 
is  j)rcscnt  in  all  ])laces,  and  who  is  the  suj)port 
and  joy  of  all  Christians.  When  the  Indians  at 
Kaunameek  had  agreed  to  remove  to  Stockbridge 
and  ])lace  themselves  under  the  instruction  of 
5Ir.  Sergeant,  Mr.  Brainerd  left  them  and  bent 
his  attention  towards  the  Delaware  Indians. 

He  was  ordained  at  Newark  in  New  Jersey  by 
a  Presbytery,  June  12,  1744,  on  which  occasion 
Mr.  I'cmberton  of  New  Y'ork  jjreached  a  sermon. 
He  soon  afterwards  went  to  the  new  field  of  his 
labors,  near  the  forks  of  the  Delaware  in  Penn- 
sylvania, and  continued  there  a  year,  making  two 
visits  to  the  Indians  on  Susquehannah  river.  He 
again  built  him  a  cabin  for  retirement ;  but  here 
he  had  the  ha])i)iness  to  find  some  white  people, 
with  whom  he  maintained  family  prayer.  Alter 
the  hardshijjs  of  his  abode  in  this  place,  with  but 
Uttle  encouragement  from  the  effect  of  liis  exer- 
tions, he  visited  the  Indians  at  Crosweeksung, 
near  Freehold  in  New  Jersey.  In  this  village  he 
was  favored  with  remarkable  success.  The  Spirit 
of  God  seemed  to  bring  home  effectually  to  the 
hearts  of  the  ignorant  heathens  the  truths,  which 
he  delivered  to  them  with  affection  and  zeal. 
His  Indian  interiiretcr,  who  had  been  converted 
by  his  preaching,  cooperated  cheerfully  in  the 
good  work.  It  was  not  luieonnnon  for  the  whole 
congregation  to  be  in  tears,  or  to  be  crying  out 
under  a  sense  of  sin.  In  less  than  a  year  Mr. 
Brainerd  bajitized  seventy-seven  persons,  of  Avhom 
tliirty-cight  were  adults,  that  gave  satisfactory 
evidence  of  having  been  renovated  by  the  power 
of  God  ;  and  he  beheld  with  unspeakable  pleasure 
between  twenty  and  thirty  of  his  converts  seated 
around  the  table  of  the  Lord.  The  Indians  were 
at  the  time  entirely  reformed  in  their  lives.    They 


B]iAiNi:ni). 


lillAIM'.K]). 


129 


were  very  humble  and  devout,  and  united  in  Chris- 
tian afl'ection.  In  a  letter,  dated  Dec.  30,  1745,  he 
nays :  "  The  fjood  work  which  you  will  find  larj^ely 
treated  of  in  my  journal,  still  continues  amouf; 
the  Indians ;  though  the  astonishinj^  Divine  influ- 
ence, that  has  been  amonj;  them,  is  in  a  consider- 
able measure  abated.  Yet  there  are  several  in- 
stances of  ])ersons  newly  awakened.  AVlien  I 
consider  the  doings  of  the  Lord  amonj?  these 
Indians,  and  then  take  a  view  of  my  journal,  I 
must  say,  't  is  a  faint  representation  I  have  given 
of  them."  Nor  is  there  any  evidence,  that  he 
misjudged.  The  lives  of  these  Indian  converls 
in  subsequent  years,  under  John  Hraincrd  and 
William  Tennent,  were,  in  general,  holy  and  ex- 
emjdary,  furnishing  evidence  of  the  sincerity  of 
their  faith  in  the  gosjicl. 

In  the  summer  of  1710  ^Ir.  Brainerd  visited 
the  Indians  on  the  Susquehannah,  and  on  his 
return  in  September  found  himself  worn  out  by 
the  hardships  of  his  journey.  His  health  was 
80  much  impaired,  that  he  was  able  to  preach 
but  Kttle  more.  Being  advised  in  the  sprhig  of 
1747  to  travel  in  New  England,  he  went  as  far 
as  Boston,  and  returned  in  July  to  Northampton, 
where,  in  the  family  of  Jonathan  Edwards,  he 
passed  the  remainder  of  hifi  days.  He  gradually 
declined  till  Tuesday,  Oct.  9,  1747,  when,  after 
suffering  inexpressible  agony,  he  entered  upon 
that  rest  which  remaineth  for  the  faithful  ser- 
vants of  God. 

Mr.  Brainerd  was  a  man  of  vigorous  powers 
of  mind.  While  he  was  favored  with  a  quick 
discernment  and  ready  invention,  with  a  strong 
memory  and  natural  eloquence,  he  also  jjossesscd 
in  an  uncommon  degree  the  penetration,  the 
closeness  and  force  of  thought,  and  the  sound- 
ness of  judgment  which  distinguish  the  man  of 
talents  from  him  who  subsists  entirely  upon  the 
learning  of  others.  His  knowledge  was  exten- 
sive, and  he  added  to  his  other  attainments  an 
intimate  acquaintance  with  human  nature,  gained 
not  only  by  observing  others,  but  by  carefully 
noticing  the  operations  of  his  own  mind.  As  he 
was  of  a  sociable  disposition,  and  could  ada])t 
himself  with  great  ease  to  the  different  capacities, 
tempers,  and  circumstances  of  men,  he  was  re- 
markably fitted  to  communicate  instruction.  lie 
was  very  free,  and  entertaining,  and  useful  in  his 
ordinary  discourse;  and  he  was  also  an  able 
disputant.  As  a  jjreacher  he  was  persjjicuous 
and  instructive,  forcible,  close,  and  pathetic.  He 
abhorred  an  affected  boisterousness  in  the  jjulpit, 
and  yet  he  could  not  tolerate  a  cold  delivery, 
when  the  subject  of  discourse  was  such  as  should 
warm  the  heart,  and  produce  an  earnestness  of 
manner. 

His  knowledge  of  theology  was  imcommonly 
extensive  and  accurate.  President  Edwards, 
whose  opinion  of  Mr.  Brainerd  was  founded  upon 

17 


an   intimate    ncqimiiitance  with  him,  says,  that 
"  He  lu'ver  knew  his  efjual,  of  his  ago  and  stand- 
ing, for  dear,  accurate  notions  of  the  nature  and 
essence  of  true  religion,  and  its  (listinctions  from 
its  various  false  ajijiearances."     Mr.  Hraincrd  had 
no  chanty  for  the  religionoftliose,  who,  indulging 
the  hope  that  they  were  interested  in  llie  Divine 
mercy,  settled  down   in  a  state  of  security  and 
negligence.     He   Ijclievdl   that    the    good   man 
would  be  continually  making  progress  towards 
jierfection,  and  that  conversion  was  not  merely  a 
great  change  in  the  views  of  the  mind  and  the 
ali'ections  of  ll>e  heart,  jn-oduced  by  the  Spirit  of 
Ciod;  l)ut  that  it  was  the  begiiuiing  of  a  course 
of  holiness,  which   through  the  Divine   agency 
would  be  |)ursu('d  through  life.     From  the  ardor 
with  which  be  engaged  in  missionary  labors,  some 
may  l)e  led  to  conclude,  that  his  mind  was  oj)cn 
to  the  influence  of  fanaticism.     During  his  resi- 
dence at  college,  his  spirit  was  indeed  somewhat 
tinged  with  the  zeal  of  bitterness  ;  but  it  was  not 
long  before  he  was  restored  to  true  benevolence 
and  the  ]nn'C  Ic.ve  of  the  truth.     I'rom  this  time 
he  detested  enthusiasm  in  all  its  forms.     He  rep- 
robated  all    dejiendence  ujjon  impulses,  or  im- 
pressions on  the  iinaginat'on,  or  the  sudden  sug- 
gestion of  texts  of  Scripture.    He  withstood  every 
doctrine  which  seemed  to  verge  towards  antino- 
mianism,  particularly  the  sentiments  of  those  who 
thought  that  faith  consists  in  believing,  that  Christ 
died  for  them  in  particular,  and  who  founded  their 
love  of  God,  not  upon  the  excellence  of  his  char- 
acter, but  upon  the  jjrevious  impression  that  they 
were  the  objects  of  his  favor,  and  should  assuredly 
be  saved.    He  rebuffed  the  pride  and  ])rosumption 
of  laymen,  who  thrust  themselves  forth  as  jjublic 
teachers  and  decried  human  learning  and  a  learned 
ministry;  he  detested  the  spirit,  wliich  generally 
influenced  the  Sejiaratists  through  the  country; 
and  he  was  entirely  opposed  to  that  religion, 
which  was  fond  of  noise  and  show,  and  delighted 
to  publish  its  experiences  and  j)rivilcges.    Very 
different  from  the  above  was  the  religion  which 
Mr.  Brainerd  approved,  and  which  he  disj)layed 
in  his  own  life.    In  his  character  were  combined 
the  most  ardent  and  pure  love  to  God  and  the 
most  unaffected  benevolence  to  man,  an  alienation 
from  the  vain  and  jjcrishable  jjursuits  of  the  world, 
the  most  humbling  and  constant  sense  of  liis  owa 
iniquity,  which  was  a  greater  burden  to  him  than 
all  his  afflictions,  great  brokcnness  of  heart  before 
God  for  the  coldness  of  his  love  and  the  imper- 
fection of  his  Christian  virtues,  the  most  earnest 
breathings  of  soul  after  holiness,  real  delight  in 
the  gospel  of  Jesus  Christ,  sweet  comijlacence  in 
all  his  disciples,  incessant  desires  and  importunate 
prayers  that  men  might  be  brought  to  the  knowl- 
edge and  the  obedience  of  the  truth,  and  that 
thus  God  might  be  glorified  and  the  kingdom  of 
Christ  advanced,  great  resignation  to  the  will  of 


130 


BllAIXEKD. 


IJRAIXEni). 


his  heavenly  Father,  nn  entire  (listrust  of  his  own 
heart  and  a  universal  (lei)endi'nro  uj)on  Ood,  the 
abNolutc  renunciation  of  everytliinjf  for  his  Jle- 
dcemer,  the  most  clear  and  aliidin}^  views  of  the 
things  of  the  eternal  world,  a  continual  warfare 
against  sin,  and  the  most  unwearied  exertion  of 
all  liis  ])owers  in  the  service  and  in  ohedience  to 
the  commands  of  the  Most  High.  He  believed  that 
the  essence  of  true  religion  consists  in  the  confor- 
mity of  the  soul  to  God,  in  acting  above  all  selfish 
views,  for  his  glory,  desiring  to  jilease  and  honor 
him  in  all  things,  and  that  from  a  view  of  liis  excel- 
lency, and  worthiness  in  himself  to  be  loved,  adored, 
and  ol)cyed  by  all  intelligent  creatures.  AVhen 
this  divine  temper  is  wrought  in  the  soul  by  the 
special  influences  of  the  Holy  Siiirit,  discovering 
the  glory  of  God  in  the  face  of  Jesus  Christ,  he 
believed  that  tlie  Autlior  of  all  good  could  not 
but  delight  in  his  own  image,  and  would  most 
certainly  com])lete  Iiis  own  work,  which  he  had 
begun  in  tlie  human  heart.  His  religion  did  not 
consist  in  «]icculation ;  but  he  carried  his  own 
princiijles  into  practice,  licsisting  the  solicita- 
tions of  selfishness,  he-  consecrated  his  powers  to 
the  high  and  benevolent  objects,  enjoined  in  the 
Scriptures.  It  was  his  whole  aim  to  promote  in 
the  most  efTcctual  manner  the  glory  of  liis  Ile- 
deemer.  After  the  termination  of  a  year's  fruit- 
less mission  at  Kaunameek,  where  he  had  suffered 
the  greatest  hardshi])s,  he  was  invited  to  become 
the  minister  of  East  Hampton,  one  of  the  best 
parishes  on  Long  Island  ;  but  though  he  was  not 
insensible  to  tlie  ])leasurcs  of  a  quiet  and  fixed 
abode,  among  Christian  friends,  in  the  midst  of 
abundance ;  yet,  without  the  desire  of  fame,  he 
preferred  the  dangers  and  sufferings  of  a  new 
mission  among  savages.  He  loved  his  Saviour, 
and  wished  to  make  known  his  precious  name 
among  the  heathen. 

In  his  last  illness  and  '^uring  the  approaches  of 
death  he  was  remarkably  resigned  and  composed. 
He  spoke  of  that  willingness  to  die,  which  origi- 
nates in  the  desire  of  escaping  pain,  and  in  the 
hope  of  obtainhig  pleasure  or  distinction  in 
heaven,  as  very  ignoble.  The  heaven,  which  he 
seemed  to  anticipate,  consisted  in  the  love  and 
service  of  God.  "  It  is  impossible,"  said  he,  "  for 
any  rational  creature  to  be  hapjiy  without  acting 
all  for  God,  I  long  to  be  in  heaven,  praising  and 
glorifying  him  with  the  angels.  There  is  notliing 
in  the  world  worth  living  for,  but  doing  good  and 
finishing  God's  work;  doing  the  work,  wliich 
Christ  did.  I  see  nothing  else  in  the  world,  that 
can  yield  any  satisfaction,  besides  living  to  God, 
pleasing  him,  and  doing  his  whole  will.  My 
greatest  comfort  and  joy  has  been  to  do  some- 
thing for  promoting  the  interests  of  religion,  and 
for  the  salvation  of  the  souls  of  jiarticular  per- 
sons." When  he  was  about  to  be  separated  for- 
ever from  the  earth,  his  desires  seemed  to  be  as 


'  eager  as  ever  for  the  ])rogress  of  the  gospel.  Ho 
;  spoke  much  of  the  ])rosperlty  of  Zion,  of  (he  in- 
finite importance  of  the  work  which  was  committed 
to  the  ministers  of  Jesus  Christ,  and  of  the  ne- 
cessity, which  was  imposed  uimn  them,  to  l)e 
constant  and  earnest  in  jjrayer  to  (Jod  for  the 
success  of  their  exertions.  A  little  while  before 
his  death  he  said  to  Mr.  Edwards :  "  My  tliouglus 
have  been  much  emjjloyed  on  the  old,  dear  theme, 
the  i)ros])erity  of  God's  church  on  earth.  As  I 
waked  out  of  slec]),  I  was  led  to  cry  for  the  pour- 
ing out  of  God's  Sj)irit  and  the  advancement  of 
Christ's  kingdom,  which  the  dear  Kcdeemer  tUd 
and  suffered  so  much  for;  it  is  this  es])eciii'ly 
which  makes  me  long  for  it."  He  felt  at  this  time 
a  jjcculiar  concern  for  his  own  congregition  of 
Christian  Indians.  Eternity  was  before  him  with 
all  its  interests.  "  T  is  sweet  to  me,"  said  he,  "to 
think  of  eternity.  But  O,  what  shall  I  say  to 
the  eternity  of  the  wicked !  I  caimot  mention  it, 
nor  think  of  it.  The  thought  is  too  dreadful ! " 
In  answer  to  the  inquiry,  how  he  did,  he  said :  "  I 
am  almost  in  eternity ;  I  long  to  be  there.  My 
work  is  done.  I  have  done  with  all  my  friends. 
All  the  world  is  now  nothing  to  me.  O,  to  be 
in  heaven,  to  praise  and  glorify  God  with  his  holy 
angels ! "  At  length,  after  the  trial  of  his  pa- 
tience by  the  most  excruciating  sufl'erlngs,  his 
spirit  was  released  from  its  tabernacle  of  clay,  and 
entered  those  mansions  which  the  Lord  Jesus 
hath  prcjjarcd  for  all  his  faithful  disciples. 

The  exertions  of  Mr.  lirainerd  in  the  Chris- 
tian cause  were  of  short  continuance,  but  they 
were  intense,  and  incessant,  and  effectual.  One 
muht  be  cither  a  very  good  or  a  very  bad  man, 
who  can  read  his  life  without  blushing  for  liimsclf. 
If  ardent  piety  and  enlarged  benevolence,  if  the 
supreme  love  of  God  and  the  inextinguishable 
desire  of  promoting  his  glory  in  the  salvation  of 
immortal  souls,  if  persevering  resolution  in  the 
midst  of  the  most  j)ressing  discouragements,  if 
cheerful  self-denial  and  unremitted  labor,  if  hu- 
mility and  zeal  for  godliness,  united  with  conspic- 
uous talents,  render  a  man  worthy  of  remem- 
brance ;  the  name  of  Bruinerd  will  not  soon  be 
forgotten. 

He  jjublished  a  narrative  of  his  labors  at  Kaun- 
ameek, annexed  to  ^Ir.  Pemberton's  sermon  at 
his  ordination ;  and  his  journal,  or  an  account  of 
the  rise  and  progress  of  a  remarkable  work  of 
grace  amongst  a  number  of  Indians  in  New  Jer- 
sey and  Pemisylvania,  with  some  general  remarks, 
1746.  Tliis  work,  which  is  very  interesting,  and 
which  displays  the  piety  and  talents  of  the  author, 
was  published  by  the  commissioners  of  the  soci- 
ety in  Scotland,  with  a  jircface  by  them,  and  an 
attestation  by  W.  Tennent  and  Mr.  McKnight. 
His  life,  written  by  President  Edwards,  is  com- 
piled chiefly  from  his  own  diary.  Annexed  to  it 
are  some  of  his  letters  and  other  writings.    It  is  a 


BRAINERD. 


nUAXT. 


181 


Jcr- 
arks, 
and 
thor, 
soci- 
an 
light, 
corn- 
to  it 
t  iii  a 


l)ook  wliieh  Ih  well  calculated  to  enkindle  a  flame 
of  licnevolence  and  jiiety  in  the  hreaKt.  A  new 
edition  ol"  liis  iiienioirs  was  published  in  1K'J2  by 
SiTciio  I'.dwards  Dwijjlit,  indudinf;  his  journal. 
Mr.  I'.dwards  hud  oniitted  the  already  printed 
journals,  which  had  been  ])uiilishcd  in  two  parts: 
the  fi.vt,  from  June  1!)  to  Nov.  4,  17lt3,  entitled 
Mi-  di  1  )ei  inter  Indicos ;  the  second,  from  Nov. 
24.  174.i,  to  June  1»,  174(i,  with  the  title,  Divine 
grace  disjjlayed,  Kc.  These  journals  Mr.  Dwight 
liaii  incorporated  in  a  regular  clironological  scries 
with  the  rest  of  the  diary,  as  alone  given  by  Ed- 
wards.—  Bniincrd's  Life;  his  Juurnnl ;  Ed- 
wanh'  Fun.  Sermon  ;  Middlcton's  liioij.  Kvang. 
IV.  202-204 ;  Aitsewhhj  Mix.i.  Mag.  ii.  449-402 ; 
Doslon  Recorder,  1824,  p.  190. 

miAINERl),  John,  a  missionarj',  brother  of 
the  preceding,  died  about  1 780.  He  was  graduated 
at  Yale  college  in  1740,  and  was  a  trustee  of 
Princeton  college  from  1754  to  1780.  The  Indian 
congregation  of  his  brother  being  removed  from 
Crosweeksung  or  Crosweeks  to  Cranberry,  not 
far  distant,  he  succeeded  his  brother  in  the  mis- 
sion about  the  year  1748.  His  efforts  were  inces- 
sant for  their  good  i  but  he  had  to  encounter 
great  diiTicultics.  A  drunken  Indian  sold  their 
lands;  the  greedy  goTcrnment  of  New  Jersey 
was  hostile  to  the  tribe ;  and  Mr.  Brainerd,  unable 
to  support  a  schoolmaster,  endeavored  himself, 
amidst  numerous  avocations,  to  teach  them  the 
elements  of  learning  as  well  as  the  truths  of  re- 
ligion. The  place  of  his  residence  in  1754  was 
Bethel,  whence  he  wrote  to  Dr.  Wheelock  :  "  It 
belongs  to  thousands  to  endeavor  to  Christianize 
the  Indians,  as  well  as  to  us.  It  is  as  really  their 
duty,  and  would  be  every  way  as  much  to  their 
advantage,  as  ours.  If  the  country  in  general 
were  but  sensible  of  their  obligation,  how  would 
they  exert  themselves,  how  freely  would  they  dis- 
burse of  their  substance,  and  what  pains  would 
they  talie  to  accomplish  this  great  and  good 
work?"  About  1755  Wm.  Tennent  succeeded 
him.  In  1703  he  lived  at  Great  Egg  Harbor. 
In  1772  he  lived  at  Brotherton,  N.  J. 

BRANT,  Joseph,  a  famous  Indian  chief,  was  at 
the  head  of  the  six  nations,  so  called,  in  the  State 
of  New  York.  Each  of  these  was  dinded  into 
three  or  more  tribes,  called  the  turtle  tribe,  the 
wolf  tribe,  the  bear  tribe.  He  was  a  Mohawk  of 
pure  Indian  blood.  His  father,  Brant,  a  chief, 
was  denominated  an  Onondaga  Indian,  and  about 
the  year  1750  had  three  sons  in  Sir  Wm.  John- 
son's army.  Young  Brant  was  sent  by  Sir  Wil- 
liam to  Dr.  Wheelock's  Indian  charity  school  at 
Lebanon  Crank,  now  the  town  of  Columbia,  Con- 
necticut ;  and  after  he  had  been  there  educated, 
employed  him  in  public  business.  His  Indian 
name  was  Thayendanega.  About  the  year  1702 
Rev.  Charles  J.  Smith,,  a  missionary  to  the  Mo- 
hawks, took  Brant  as  his  interpreter ;  but  the  war 


obliging  him  to  return.  Brant  remained  and  went 
out  with  a  company  against  the  Indians,  boiuiviiig 
"so  much  like  the  Christian  and  the  sdidicr,  that 
he  gained  great  esteem."     In  170.)  bis  bouse  was 
an  asylum  for  the  missionaries  in  the  wildeniess, 
and  he  exerted  himself  for  the  religious  instruc- 
tion of  his   ))Oor   Indian  brethren.     In  1775  ho 
visited  England ;  and  it  was  there  jjcrceived,  of 
course,  after  the  education  he  had  received,  that 
he  s]ioke  and  wrote  the  I'.n^lish  language  with 
tolerable  accuracy.    In  the  war,  which  comnuMiccd 
in  that  year,  he  attached  himself  to   the  British 
cause.    The  barbarities  attending  the  memorable 
destruction  of  the  beautiful  settlement  of  Wyo- 
ming, in  July,  1778,  have  been  a.scribed  to  him  by 
the   writers  of  American   history  and  by  Caiup- 
bell  in  his  poem,  Gertrude  of  Wyoming ;  but 
Brant  was  not  present  in  that  massacre ;  the   In- 
dians were   commanded  by  Col.  John  Butler,  a 
tory  and  refugee,  whose  heart  was  more  ferocious 
than  that  of  any  Ravage.     Col.  Brant,  however, 
I  was  the  undisj)uted  leader  of  the  band,  which  in 
July,  1779,  destroyed  the  settlement  of  Minisink 
in  Orange  county,  New  Y'ork,  a  few  miles  from 
West  I'oint.     In  June  he  left  Niagara  with  about 
three  hundred  warriors  of  the  six  nations  and  a 
number  of  tones,  for  the   jiurpose  of  destroying 
the  settlements  upon  the  Delaware  river.    On  the 
20th  of  July  ho  appeared  on  the  west  of  Mini- 
sink  and  sent  down  a  party,  which,  after  destroy- 
ing the  settlement,  returned  with  their  booty  to 
the  main  body  at  Grassy-swamp  brook.    The  next 
day  one  hundred  and  twenty  men  assembled  under 
the  command  of  a  physician,  Col.  Tusten,  and 
marched  seventeen  miles  toward  the  enemy.    In 
the  morning  of  July  22d,  Col.  Hathorn  arrived 
and  took  the  command,  and  in  a  short  time  the 
battle  commenced  and   lasted  the  whole    day. 
The  fire  was   irregular,  from  behind  trees  and 
rocks,  both  by  the*  Indians  and  Americans,  every 
man  fighting  in  his  own  way.    Brant  and  his  whole 
force  were  engaged.    About  sunset  our  troops,  hav- 
ing expended  their  ammunition,  retreated  and  were 
pursued  by  the  savages.    Dr.  Tusten,  in  a  nook 
of  rocks,  had  dressed  the  wounds  of  seventeen 
men,  whose  cries  for  protection  and  mercy,  when 
they  heard  the  retreat  ordered,  were  piercing  to 
the  soul ;  but  they  all  perished,  with  Dr.  Tusten, 
under  the  Indian  tomahawk.     On  this  day  forty- 
four  Americans  fell,  some  of  whom  were  the  pride 
and   flower  of  the  nllage   of  Goshen.    Among 
them   were  Jones,  Little,  Duncan,  Wisncr,  Vail, 
Townsend,  and  Knapp.     Major  Popphio,  who 
escaped,  lived  to  nearly  one  hundred  years,  and 
was  ])resent  with  an  assemblage  of  ten  or  twelve 
thousand  people,  when  their  bones  were  buried 
July  22,  1822.    After  the   peace  of  1783  Brant 
^•isited  England,  and  passed  the  remainder  of  his 
Ufe  in  Upper  Canada.    In    1785  he  in  self-de- 
fence killed  one   of  liis   sons,  who  iii  a  fit  of 


132 


IIUAITLE. 


nRATlLE. 


(lininkcnnesH  Imd   nttcnipfed   his   lifu;  in  conHC- 
qufiici'  of  tliiM  lut  lie  rc.si;,'ii('(l  his  ooiiiinissioii  of 
captniii    ill    the   lliilisii  service,  iiiul  NurreiKlcred 
himself  to  justice  ;  Imt  Lord  DoitiuNter,  the  >;'>v- 
criior,  would  not  aceept  his  resi;,'niition.     He  netit 
his  two  KoiiK,  Joseph  and   Jaeoh,  in    INOl,  to  the 
care   of  I'resident    M'lieeloeit,  of  Dartinoutii  col- 
lc}{c,  to  i)e  edueuted  in  Moor's  school.     lie  died 
at  his  seat  in  I'ljjier  Ciinada,  at  the  iiead  of  Lake 
Ontario,  Nov.  21,  1N(»7,  a;;ed  (>').     His   daughter 
married  Wni.  J.  Kerr,  llscp,  of  Niagara,  in  18UJ. 
His  son,  John,  an  Indian  chief,  was  in  England 
in  1822,  and   placed   hetorc  the   jioet,  C'ampliell, 
documents  to  prove  tlint  his  thther  was  not  jires- 
ent  at  the  massacre  at  \\^yoming,  and  that  he  was 
in  fact  a  man  of  hunuuiity.     After  reading  them 
Campbell  publislud  a  letter,  in  which  he  recanted 
the  charges  of  ferocity,  advanced  in  his  Gertrude ; 
but  he  assigns  rather  an   inadequate  reason   for 
this   change   in   the   estimate   of   his   character, 
namely,  that  Ifrant  enjoyed   the  friendship  of 
some  high-minded  liritish  ofllcers,  which  would 
not  have  been  the  case,  had  he  been  ferocious, 
and  destitute  of  amiable  ({ualities.    In  the  war  of 
the  Kevolution  he  was  doubtless  the  leader  of 
savages,  who  took  delight  in  scalps ;  ho  was  un- 
denial>ly  in  command,  when  the  wounded  of  Min- 
isink  were  butchered ;  yet  the  slaughter  may  have 
occurred  entirely  without   his  orders.    Probably 
his  subsequent  intercourse  with  civilized  men  and 
reading  the  New  Testament  may  have  softened 
his  character.     I  am  able  to  state,  on  the  author- 
ity of  his  son  Josejjh,  that  as  he  lay  in  his  bed 
and  looked  at  the  sword  hanging  up  in  his  bod- 
room,  with  wliich  he  had  killed  his  son,  he  was 
accustomed  to  cry  in  the  sorrow  of  his  heart,    lie 
once  proposed  to  write  a  history  of  the  six  na- 
tions.   He  published  the  book  of  common  prayer 
and   the  gospel   of  Mark,  in  the  Mohawk  and 
English   languages,   8vo.   London,    1787.     The 
gospel  according  to  St.  John,  in  Mohawk,  entitled 
None  Karighwiysoston  tsinihorighhoten  ne  Saint 
John,  which  is  ascribed  to  him  in  the  Cambridge 
catalogue,  was  the  work  of  the  chief,  John  Norton ; 
it  is  without  date,  but  was  printed  at  London  in 
1807  or  1808  by  the  British  and  foreign  Bible  so- 
ciety, in  an  edition  of  two  thousand  copies.  — 
Holmes,  II.  292,  302)  Mass.  Hist  Coll.  X.  154  j 
Phil.   Trans.  LXXVI.  231;   FanopUst,  ill.  323, 
324 !   Weld's   Tiav.  ii.  297 ;  Wheelock'a  Narra- 
tive ;  Eastern  Anjus,  May  7,  1822. 

BllATTLE,  Thomas,  a  respectable  merchant 
of  Boston,  was  born  Sept.  5,  1657,  and  was  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  college  in  1076,  and  was  after- 
wards treasurer  of  that  institution.  He  was  a 
principal  founder  of  the  church  in  Brattle  street, 
of  which  Dr.  Colman  was  the  first  minister.  His 
death  occurred  May  18,  1713,  in  the  fifty-sixth 
year  of  his  age.  He  was  brother-in-law  of  Mr. 
Pemberton.    Several  of  bis  communications  on 


'  astronomical  subjects  were  published  in  the  jihilo- 
sojiliiciil  transactions.  He  wrote  an  cxcellint  let- 
ter, giving  an  account  of  the  witchcraft  delusion 
in  1CU2,  which  is  preserved  in  the  Hist.  Collec- 
lectioiis. —  lliilmes,  I.  511  j  Caiman's  Life,  42; 
'  Cull.  I/isf.  Snr.v.  01-79. 

I  UU.Vn'LE,  William,  minister  of  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  brother  of  the  jireceding,  died  I'eb.  15, 
1717,  aged  54.  He  was  born  in  Boston  about  the 
year  1002,  and  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college 
in  108O.  He  was  afterwards  for  several  years  a 
tutor  and  fellow  of  that  seminary.  He  xerted 
himself  to  form  liis  pupils  to  virtue  and  liie  fear 
of  God,  ])unishing  vice  with  the  authority  of  a 
master,  and  cherishing  every  virtuous  dis|iosition 
with  jjarental  goodness.  When  the  small  j)ox 
prevailed  in  the  college,  he  was  not  driven  away 
in  terror  ;  but  with  benevolent  courage  remained 
at  his  ])08t,  and  visited  the  sick,  both  that  he  might 
administer  to  them  relief,  and  might  imjjress 
upon  them  those  truths  which  were  necessary  to 
their  salvation.  As  ho  had  never  experienced 
the  disease,  he  now  took  it  in  the  natural  way ; 
for  the  practice  of  inoculation  had  not  been  intro- 
duced into  America.  But  the  course  of  the  dis- 
order was  mild,  and  he  was  soon  restored  to  his 
usual  health.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Cambridge,  as  successor  of  Mr.  Gookin, 
Nov.  25,  1006,  and  after  a  useful  ministry  of 
twenty  years  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Applcton. 
His  funeral  was  attended  Feb.  20,  a  day  memora- 
ble for  the  great  snow  which  then  commenced, 
and  which  detained  for  several  days  at  Cambridge 
the  magistrates  and  ministers,  who  were  assem- 
bled on  the  occasion.  The  snow  was  six  feet 
deep  in  some  parts  of  the  streets  of  Boston. 

Mr.  Brattle  was  a  very  religious,  good  man,  an 
able  divine,  and  an  excellent  scholar.  Such  was 
his  reputation  for  science,  that  he  was  elected  a 
fellow  of  the  royal  society.  He  was  polite  and 
affable,  compassionate  and  charitable.  Having  a 
large  estate,  ho  distributed  of  his  abundance  with 
a  liberal  hand ;  but  his  charities  were  secret  and 
silent.  His  pacific  spirit  and  his  moderation  were 
so  conspicuous,  as  to  secure  to  him  the  respect  of 
all  denominations.  So  remarkable  was  Ids  pa- 
tience under  injuries,  and  such  a  use  did  he  make 
of  the  troubles  of  life,  that  he  was  heard  to  ob- 
serve, that  he  knew  not  how  he  could  have  spared 
any  of  his  trials.  Uniting  courage  with  his  hu- 
mility, he  was  neither  bribed  by  the  favor,  nor 
overawed  by  the  displeasure  of  any  man.  He 
was  a  man  of  great  learning  ...:!  abilities,  and  at 
once  a  philosopher  and  a  divine.  But  ho  placed 
neither  learning  nor  religion  in  unprofitable  spec- 
ulations, but  in  such  solid  and  substantial  truth, 
as  improves  the  mind  and  is  beneficial  to  the 
world.  The  promotion  of  religion,  leorning,  vir- 
tue, and  peace  was  the  great  object,  in  which  he 
was  constantly  employed.    As  he  possessed  pen- 


nRA'ITLF,. 


nUF.AUI.I'.Y. 


133 


an 

was 

ted  a 

and 


were 
ut  of 

pa- 
makc 

ob- 
[)ared 

hu- 
,  nor 

lie 
d  at 
laced 
spec- 
ruth, 

the 

vir- 

l:h  he 

pen- 


etration and  a  Bound  juiljjnii'iit,  IiIk  counNi-l  wiin 
orti'ii  H()ii;,'ht  ami  W\kU\\  |■('^|.l'(■ll•(l.  Such  was  hi- 
ri'>;iu-d  ti)  llu-  ititcrots  nt'  litciMtuic,  that  he  lic- 
<|U('ath('(l  til  Harvard  college  L'.")(i  |h)Uiic1n,  hi'>i(U's 
a  liuii'h  greater  siiiii  in  iithcr  chaiitalilL'  and  piou^ 
h'^aiii'M.  Willi  reheard  to  his  manner  of  prcaih- 
injf,  l)r.  C'c)lnian,conii)arin;{  him  and  Mr.  I'l'mhcr- 
ton,  who  died  aliout  the  Name  time,  oliscrvi'M  : 
" 'i'lu'y  perforini'd  the  puliliu  exerciNi's  in  the 
house  of  Clod  with  n  ^reat  deal  of  sulenuiity, 
thou;{h  in  u  maiuicr  Monu-wliat  (htlori'iit  ;  lor  Mr. 
Jlrattli' was  all  calm,  and  Nol't,  and  nu'ltin^'-.  hut 
Mr.  I'emhi'rton  whm  all  llamc,  /cul,  and  carncst- 
nesH."  The  death  of  this  ^ood  man,  alter  a  lan- 
guishinj^  (liNease,  wan  peaceful  and  serene. 

lie  |)uhli.shed  a  syNteniof  loj^ic, entitled,  "com- 
pendium iu^icie  secundum  jirincijiia  1).  llenati 
Cartesii  plerumquc  etl'ormatum  etcatochisticc  pro- 
positum."  It  was  held  in  hi^h  estimation,  and 
long  recited  at  Harvard  collej^e.  An  edition  of 
it  was  puhlisheil  in  thf.  year  17  J8.  —  Jlolmrti  I  lint. 
Cambridtje;  Cull.  Hint.  Sor.  \ll. '6'2,  oo-M ;  X. 
108)  UoLnes,  II.  U4i  liusiun  Sews-Ldlei;  No. 
671. 

BRAITLE,  William,  a  man  of  extraordinary 
talents  and  character,  the  son  of  the  precediu)?, 
died  in  Oct.,  177(i,  aged  about  lo.  lie  was  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  college  in  1722.  He  was  a 
representative  of  Cambridge  in  the  general  court, 
and  was  long  a  member  of  the  council.  He 
studied  theology  and  ])reached  with  acceptance. 
His  eminence  as  a  lawyer  drew  around  him  an 
abundance  of  clients.  As  a  physician  hi.'«  jjructice 
was  extensive  and  celebrated.  He  was  also  a 
military  man,  and  obtained  the  appnintment  of 
major-general  of  the  militia.  While  he  secured 
the  favor  of  the  governor  of  the  State,  he  also  in- 
gratiated himself  with  the  jieople.  In  his  conduct 
there  were  many  eccentricities.  He  was  attached 
to  the  pleasures  of  the  table.  At  the  commence- 
ment of  the  American  Kevolutlon  an  unlmpjiy 
sympathy  in  the  plans  of  General  Gage  induced 
him  to  retire  to  Boston,  from  which  place  he  ac- 
companied the  troops  to  llaUiax,  where  he  died. 
His  first  wife  was  the  daughter  of  Gov.  Salton- 
stall ;  his  second  was  the  widow  of  James  Allen, 
and  daughter  of  Col.  Fitch.  His  son,  Thomas 
Brattle,  of  Cambridge,  died  Feb,  7,  1801.-— 
Coll.  Hid.  Soc.  VII.  08;  VIII.  82. 

BUAXTOX,  C/UITEK,  a  member  of  congress  in 
177(5,  died  October  10,  1797,  aged  Gl.  He 
was  the  son  of  George  Braxton,  a  rich  j)lan- 
ter  of  Newington,  King  and  Queen's  county, 
Virginia,  born  Sept.  10,  1736.  His  mother  was 
the  daughter  of  Robert  Carter  of  the  council. 
After  being  educated  at  William  and  Mary  col- 
lege, he  married  and  settled  down  as  an  inde- 
pendent planter.  On  the  death  of  his  wife  he 
visited  England,  and  returned  in  1700.  By  his 
second  wile,  the  daughter  of  liicbard  Corbin  of 


I.Hinu'ville,  he  had  «ixteen  children  ;  *\w  died  in 
IMl  I,  and  all  ihechiidreii  but  one  were  dead  liel'oro 
is.'i*.  In  17t>."(  he  liecanie  aiiiriiilierof  the  house 
of  JMirgesses,  and  was  diNlin};iil'<lird  tor  his  pat- 
riotic zeal.  In  NoNriiilicr,  IT".*,  lie  was  ele(  ted 
the  NiHcessor  of  I'eylon  Itaiidnlpji  in  congrisH, 
liut  coiitinue<l  u  memlier  of  that  iiody  oidy  till 
the  signing  of  the  declaration  of  indepeiideneu. 
I)iiriiig  the  remaimicr  of  his  lite  he  was  olU-n 
a  meinlier  of  the  legislature  and  eouiuil  of  Vir- 
ginia. His  talents  were  resjieetalile  ;  his  oratory 
easy  ;  his  manners  peculiarly  agreeable.  His  last 
days  were  emliittered  by  unfortunate  commercial 
speculations,  and  vi'xatious  lawsuits:  some  of  his 
friends,  his  sureties,  sull'ered  with  iiim.  Though 
in  early  life  a  gentleman  of  large  fortune,  ho 
found  himself,  in  his  old  nge,  by  his  own  impru- 
dence, involved  in  inextricable  embarrassments. 
Ilapjiy  are  they,  who  are  wisely  content  with 
their  lot,  and  who  use  liberally  their  wealth,  not 
for  disjilay,  but  for  the  ])urposes  of  a  noble  char- 
ity.—  (!iiiiilri(li'.i  Lii'en. 

BR.\Y,  TiioMAH,  ]).!).,  ecclesiastical  commis- 
sory  for  Maryland  and  Virginia,  died  Feb.  15, 
17iJ0,  aged  73.  He  was  sent  out  by  the  bishop  of 
London,  in  lOlU),  and  was  indel'atigablu  in  his 
ellbrts  to  jiromote  religion  in  the  colonies,  and 
amcmg  the  Indians  and  Negroes.  Libraries  were 
instituted  by  him,  both  lor  missioiuiries  and 
parishes.  He  crossed  the  Atlantic  several  times, 
and  spent  the  greater  jiart  of  his  life  in  these 
labors.  Soliciting  the  charities  of  others,  he 
in  his  disinterested  zeal  contributed  the  whole 
of  his  small  fortune  to  the  supjjort  of  his 
plans.  Through  his  exertions  ])arish  libraries 
were  established  in  England,  and  various  benevo- 
lent societies  in  London  were  instituted,  particu- 
larly the  society  for  the  propagation  of  the  gospel 
in  foreign  ])urts.  Ho  published  a  memorial  ou 
the  state  of  religion  in  North  America  with  pro- 
])osals  for  the  jiropagation  of  religion  in  the  sev- 
eral provinces ;  circular  letters  to  the  clergy  of 
Maryland;  cursus catecheticus  Americanus,  1700; 
apostolic  charity ;  bibliotheca  parochiaUs ;  dis- 
course on  the  baptismal  covenant. 

BRAZKU,  John,  I).  1).,  died  at  Charleston,  S. 
C,  I'eb.  20,  1840,  aged  50.  Born  in  Worcester, 
he  graduated  in  Cambridge,  in  1813;  he  was 
afterwards  a  professor.  He  was  ordained  over 
the  north  society  in  Saloni,  Nov.  14,  1820,  suc- 
cessor of  J.  E.  Al)bott.  Many  of  his  writings  aj)- 
I)eared  in  the  nortii  American  Review.  He  pub- 
lished a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of  J.  Cole ;  on 
the  death  of  Dr.  Holyoko  ;  at  the  installation  of 
A.  Bigelow;  Memoir  of  Dr.  Ilolyoke;  before 
society  for  education;  several  in  the  Christian 
preacher ;  use  of  affliction ;  on  prayer ;  power  of 
unitarianism  over  the  affcctiona. 

BREARLEY,  David,  cliief  justice  of  New 
Jersey,  died  Au^.  23,  1700,  aged,  it  is  said,  only 


134 


nnEARLFY. 


nnrcK. 


20.  Hp  wnd  l)(>rii  in  tlmt  Stale  in  ITO.'l,  nnd 
r('cci\((l  tlic  ilinri  r  of  A.  M.  at  rrinci'ton,  in 
17Sl.  lie  altaiiinl  to  i^rcat  iniiiiilici'  at  llir  liar. 
Koon  nIhT  lie  rici  ivi'd  the  apjioiiitincnt  of  jial;,'t', 
hi>  (lii'd  ut  liiN  M'at  iii'ar 'I'rcnton.  lie  uaw  a|)- 
]iointi'(l  liy  WaNliinfjtoti  in  I7N!),  district  judi,'!'  lor 
Ni'W  .(crscv,  and  was  Hiiccfcdcd  liy  Itoliirl  Morrit. 
lIUM.Md.I'.Y,  Ju.ll'II,  K'liL'ral,  died  at  Mor- 
riHtowii,  in  lH(t."),  ajfcd  O.t. 

llUi'.Iil'iri'',  .li.AN  hi:,  It  JcMiiit  niiNsionary 
amuii}{  tlu'  Indiana  in  Canada,  arriM'd  at  (Jiiclicc 
ill  low.  According  to  Charlevoix,  he  twice,  when 
nmnng  t)ie  lliironN,  in  a  time  ot'droii;;hl,  obtained 
rain  in  niiswcr  to  his  praters.  However,  taken 
jiriNoner  h)  the  Ir(M|iiois  in  KM!!,  he  was  cruelly 
put  to  death  hy  thiin.  with  his  associate,  lather 
Lailemant.  Amidst  their  liarliarities,  the  sava^^cs 
iiuid  to  liiin,  "  You  have  assured  us,  thut  the 
more  one  nud'ers  on  earth  tliu  fjreater  will  he  his 
haj)j)iness  in  heaven ;  out  of  kindness  to  you,  we 
therefore  torture  you."  At  least  Charlevoix  re- 
ports that  they  said  so.  Hreheuf  was  !>'>  years  of 
age.  He  was  the  uncle  of  the  jioet  of  Xorniaiuly, 
Geor(;e  de  li.  He  translated  into  Huron  on 
abridgment  of  the  Christian  doctrine  hy  Ledes- 
ma.  This  is  annexed  to  ('ham|)lain's  relation  du 
voyage,  Uhi'2.  —  ' 'liiiiliraix,  I.  L'!)4. 

HJ{KCK,  ]{()lu;UT,  a  ininiNter  of  Marlborough, 
died  Jan.  (3,  I'lil,  aged  'IH.  He  was  born  in 
])orchester  in  lOH'J,  the  son  of  Ca])taiii  John 
Ilrcck,  a  very  ingenious  and  worthy  man,  and 
grandson  of  Kdward  Itreek,  a  settler  of  J)orciies- 
ter  in  1630.  AIUt  his  father's  death  he  was  sent 
to  Harvard  college,  where  he  graduated  in  1700. 
lie  was  ordained  Oct.  2't,  1704,  as  successor  of 
Mr.  Brimsmead.  His  successors  were  Kent,  [ 
Smitii,  and  Packard.  He  Icll  a  wife  and  four 
children.  His  wife  was  I'^lizabeth  ^Vaillwright 
of  Haverhill.  A  dauglitcr  married  Itev.  Mr, 
I'arkman,  of  'NYestborougli.  He  was  a  man  of 
vigorous  talents,  of  (juick  perception,  and  tena- 
cious memory,  of  solid  judgment,  and  exten- 
sive leaniing.  So  great  was  iiis  skill  in  the  He- 
brew, that  he  rend  the  itible  out  of  it  to  his 
family.  He  was  also  well  versed  in  jiliilosophy, 
mathematics,  anticiuities,  and  history ;  and  his 
extensive  knowledge  he  was  always  rca'.ly  to  com- 
municate for  the  instruction  of  others.  As  a  pa.s- 
tor  he  was  prudent  and  faithful;  he  was  an  ortho- 
dox,close,  mcthoiUcal  preacher.  He  was  a  strong 
disputant  ;  a  strenuous  assertcr  of  the  privileges  of 
the  churches ;  and  an  ojjjjoncnt  of  E])iscoj)al  claims. 
United  with  his  jiiely,  he  possessed  a  singular  cour- 
age and  resolution,  lielbre  his  settlement  he 
preached  some  time  on  J-oiig  Island,  during  the 
administration  of  (iov.  Coniluiry,  when,  though  a 
young  man,  he  boldly  asserted  the  princii)les  of  the 
nonconformists,  notwithstanding  the  threatening 
and  other  ill-treatment,  whicli  he  exiierienced. 
In  temper,  he  was  grave  and  meditative,  yet  at 


fime*  rhrerfiil,  nnd  in  conversaiion  enterlniiiing. 
.V  ji(  rlect  stranger  to  eovetousiHss,  he  was  ever 
hospitalilr  and  <  haritidile.  In  seMre  pailf  lie  was 
resigned;  and  his  end  was  peaie.  So  great  was 
Ihe  esteein,  in  which  ho  was  held,  that  in  his 
sickness  a  day  of  fasting  was  kept  Ibr  him  Oct. 
I.'»,  I7;i0,  when  several  ininislers  were  present  j 
and  on  his  death,  sermons  were  preached  by  Swill 
of  I'Vainiiighain,  I'reiitice  of  l.ai.  aster,  and  Lur- 
ing of  Siidliury.  lie  published  an  election  ser- 
mon, 17JS;  the  ilanger  of  falling  away  utter  a 
profession;  a  Hiicnuneiital  sermon,  I7'JH.  —  lUis- 
liin  Wviklij  S'ltm-I, villi;  iaw. '1\;  Weekly  Juiir- 
iKil,  Jan.  IH,  I'.'Il  I   1,111  iiiii'H  Siriiiiiii. 

KKI'.CK,  ItiiiiKUl',  minister  of  S|iring(ield,  died 
April  L'.'J,  17HI,  aged  70.  He  was  the  son  of  the 
jireceding, and  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college, 
in  17;J0.  He  was  ordained  Jan.  'J7,  17.')0.  Hiit 
settlement  occasioned  an  unhajipy  controversy. 
It  was  alleged  against  him,  that  he  did  not  deem 
a  knowledge  of  Jesus  Christ  necessary  to  the  sol- 
vation of  the  heathen,  and  that  he  treated  lightly 
of  the  atonement.  A  narrative  relating  to  his  or- 
dination was  published;  followed  by  "an  answer 
to  the  Huin])shirc  narrative;"  and  this  by  "a 
letter  "  to  the  author  of  the  narrative,  1737.  His 
superior  intellectual  jiowers  were  enlarged  by  an 
extensive  aciiuaintance  with  men  and  books.  He 
accustomed  himself  to  a  close  manner  of  thinking 
and  reasoning,  lly  diligent  a)i]ilicution,  he  uc- 
(piired  a  rich  fund  of  the  most  useful  knowledge. 
His  dis])OKition  was  remarkably  cheerful  and 
pleasant,  and  his  conversation  was  entertaining 
and  instructive,  sometimes  enlivened  by  humor, 
but  always  consistent  with  the  sobriety  of  the 
Christian  and  the  dignity  of  the  minister.  Ho 
was  easy  of  access,  hospitable,  comiiassionate,  and 
benevolent.  His  sense  of  human  weakness  and 
depravity  led  him  to  admire  the  gracious  provis- 
ion of  the  gospel,  nnd  he  delighted  to  dwell  upon 
it  in  his  public  discourses.  His  leligious  senti- 
ments he  ibrmed  on  a  careful  examination  of  the 
Scriptures.  Steady  to  his  own  principles,  he  was 
yet  candid  towards  those  who  dilieretl  from  him. 
In  his  last  illness,  he  spoke  in  the  humblest  terms 
of  himself,  but  j)rolessed  an  entire  reliance  on 
divine  mercy  through  the  Mediator,  and  he 
resigned  himself  to  death  with  the  dignity  of  a 
Christian. 

His  first  wife  was  Eunice,  dauglitcr  of  his  prede- 
cessor, ]{cv.  1).  iJrewer ;  his  second  wile  was 
Helena,  the  widow  of  l{ev.  K.  Dorr.  His  suc- 
cessor was  Mr.  Howard.  His  son,  Robert,  who 
died  at  Norlhami)ton,  in  17'J!),  aged  03,  was 
clerk  of  the  court  of  common  pleas.  The  son  of 
the  latter,  Colonel  John,  died  in  N.,in  1827,  aged 
50;  leaving  sons,  Dr.  Edward,  Kobert,  and  Theo- 
dore, now  citizens  of  lirecksville,  Ohio. 

He  i)ubli:hed  a  sermon,  174H;  on  the  death 
of  llev.  D.  Parsons,  1781 ;  of  llev.  S.  Williams, 


niir.(K. 


iini.wi.ii. 


'.85 


I'N'Js  lit  llic  nriliiifttiiin  iif  I>.  I'nrwtm,  I'SJliAllrn  wn»  livlnjf  in  ItllCJ,  wlirn  it  wnx  vntril  l)y 
iiIkii  a  ii'iitiii)  firiiKin  Ort.  I<>,  ITT.'t,  on  tlic  Imrii-  tlic  tii«ii,  tiiat  Allin  llniil,  "riiiur,  "•Imulil  ^it  in 
ili;{  i>(  tlif  liiuii  li)  till'  Iiuli;iii-<,  — /.'/'/»;<i//'.«  /''i/-  llic  |iiil|iil."  'Ilir  di  ^cciiil.ilil'  in  l.Miii  iiml  olIiiT 
tiiiiil   Stiiiifii;    //••//iiiiil'.i  lli-iliiiij  of    \i'fi>li III    towns  ill  Ma^Ml(•lllls^•lt><,  nil   iinmi'inu-* !  rnmi  niic 

MtlsHilrliiltiill.i,  I.  'J(l|, 

iii:i:('K,  sxMi  II., 


•I'll 


H  III   M;|n  I 


liriM  i|  the  iiiiiiK  III'  llii'id's  Hill,  ill 


II    IIICP 


liuiit,   rciiioM'd  1111111    Clmrli  sliittii,  (tirliiiiliil  liir   ilir  li.iil'r  nt'   1TT"», 

Itiisliiii   lo   l'liii.iili'l|ilii:i,    ulii'i'c  III'  ilinl  May   7,    nilliil  liy  iiii>tiiUr  llii'  luiltli' nl'  lliiiikir'N  Hill,  I'lir 

lH(il>.      His  ilaujflilcr  iiiarriiii  .laiiUM  I.IumI.  (  llii'  lialllf   was  I'liii^lit  on  ilri'fd'H   nut    Ittinki'r'M 

ItKI'.CK,  llASIII.,  dird  ill   llai'l land,  Vt.,  Dec,  Hill.     Onr  nl'  jiis  drMcndants  at    I.Miii  na.s  Cnl. 


IH|.- 


;rd    1)7.      Iliirii   in    llnsliin,   lir    was  rcii-    I'rcd.  II. < 


illinr  III   till'  Ki'Milniinii,  ulii)  dii'il 


piiiiislx  cdiiiali'd   at   I'linci'tnii, 
aU'd   in    177 1.     Am  u  ('lia|ilaiii 


ilirri'   111'  );rndii-    .lnl_\,  IS'JO,  a;;ril  (IH.      .Vinuiiff 'In' '''''I'li'l'iiil"  i'* 
he    ai'('iiin|iani('il    Ciinnrcliciit    ucrr    (irrslimn    llicrd,  an    ciiiinrnt 


roilrr's  rr^'iimnt  to  Canada,  and  wan  in  the  incirliant  <il'  .N'mwicll,  and  hi'*  miih,  JdIiii  .M. 
altai'k  iij;i)ii  (Ini'lic'i'.  He  iircaclii'd  tlic  llrst  scr-  Hired,  inayir  of  the  city,  ii  k'''"'""'''  "'  Valo, 
iiioii  at   Marii'ltu,  on  till'  text,  "Of  iiis   kin|{diiiii     l7ii.Sj  Slmiiail  llrci'd,  u  uraduati' of  177S;  nnd 


tlicro  Nliall  lie  no  end;"  liaxin^r  visioiiN  of  tin 
pro^frcs.s  of  till'  jjospil  in  tlic  va^t  wcslrrii  coiiii- 
try.  Ill'  was  a  man  of  liij,'ii  cliaraclir  and  cmtI- 
Il'iicc,  till'  liitlicr  ol  Jiidffc  llirck  of  Kciiliirky.         i 

IlKKCKIlNKIIKil',,  ,ln|i.\,  alloiiit'y-;;('ii('ial  of 
the  United  Slatrn,  died  at   l,i'\in;,'toii,  Kentucky,  ' 
Di'C.  11,  IHIIII.     Ilf  was  I'leuted  a  niinilu'i'  of  llie  > 
Ki'imtt' in  the  place  of  Hnnipiirey  .Marshall,  and 
took  his  Hcal  in  INOl.     In  Jan.,  IHOL",  he  Niiiiiiiit- 
ti'd  in  the  senate  a  resoluilon  to  repeal  an  iicl  of, 
the    ]irecediiig   session    respectiiij^   the  judiciary 
cstalilishnient  of  the  L'liited  States,  hy  which  six-  I 
teen    new  circuit  jiidj^es  had  heen    created.     It 
wao  this  resolution,  which  called  forth  the  most 
astonishiiiir  powers  of  arj,'nnieiit  and  elixpience. 
In  1M03   Mr.  Hrcckenridfje  distiiifjiii.shed  himself 
hy  siipjiortiiif,'  resolutions  in  relation   to  .S])aiiish 
ail'airs  of  n  milder  complexion,  than  those  advo- 
cated hy  Mr.  It^iss.     Alter  the  resi;jfniition  of  Mr. 
Lincoln    of  Mass.,   he   was   n]ipointed   attorney-  j 
general  in  his  place. 

I!i;iX'KENilII)CiK,  John,  ]).!).,  died  near 
Lexui^'ton,  Ky.,  Aii};.  •},  IStl,  aged  H.  Ills 
parents  were  John  IJ.  and  Mary  Hojikins  CaliiU, 
of  a  Viryiniii  family,  ile  was  one  of  nine  chil- 
dren, liorn  at  CuheU's  Dale,  near  Lexington, 
where  lie  died.  He  was  a  devoted  jircacher,  and 
wore  himself  out  liy  his  laliors. 

IJUECKENUUiOl':,  ]{()iu  ur,  general,  died  m 
Lexington,  Ky.,  in  Sept.,  \H'M,  aged  7H. 

BJIEEI),  Al.M'LN,  one  of  the  iirst  settlers  of 
Lynm,  died  March  17,  1002,  aged  !)1.  He  was 
horn  in  I'^ngland  in  1001  and  ariived  in  this  coun- 
try in  10^0,  prolialiiy  in  the  A'  ella  at  Salem, 
June  12.  He  was  a  farmer  .aal  lived  in  the 
western  part  of  Summer  street,  Lynn,  i)Osscs.s- 
ing  two  hundred  acirs  of  la  ad.  The  village, 
in  which  he  resided,  derivi  ,1  from  him  the 
name  of  "  IJrecd's  I'hul."  lie  is  one  of  the  gran- 
tees, named  in  1040  in  the  Indian  deed  of  South 
Hampton,  Long  Island,  which  was  settled  from 
Lynn,  hy  llev.  Mr.  Fitch,  and  others.  Tiie  name 
of  his  wile  was  Elizaheth  ;  and  his  children  were 
Allen,  Timothy,  Joseph,  and   Jolm.     Of  these. 


Sliiniin  llreed,  a  graduate  of  l7fHl.  The  wiiloW 
of  Ihe  last  is  still  living,  aged  H'l,  the  sister  of  I'',. 
I'erl.iiis,  who  died,  aged  aliine  1(1(1  jears. — 
1,1  iri/  J/i.iliiii/  III'  l.iiini,  2.'i  ;  I'uniii I'.i  li'i  i/i.ili (' } 
Dirii/lil'.i  '/'ninls,  III.    .'ll:!. 

ItllEESE,  Sa.MI  i:i,  Slli.M.Y,  died  in  Seoiioiidoa, 
Oneida  county.  X.  Y.,  Oct.  ]:>,  1N|H,  aged  NO. 
Horn  in  I'hiladelphia,  a  descendant  of  the  Hu- 
guenots, he  was  one  of  the  Iirst  settlers  of 
Ca/i'iiovia;  tiien  was  the  law  partner  of  Jiidgo 
riatt  of  Whilestown.  In  |S|;j,  lie  hccame  a  far- 
mer for  the  rest  of  his  life.  Ile  was  a  memlier  of 
the  convention  to  form  a  new  ciinstitiilion.  Ho 
was  an  excellent  cili/en,  and  a  sincere  {'hristian. 
His  end  was  peace,  tiirough  hope  in  the  atiming 
hlood. 

HHI.XTON,  Wii.i.iAM,  (iovernor  of  Ilhode 
Island,  was  a  representative  of  lloston  for  several 
years  from  lO.'l.").  Of  Uhode  Island  he  was  presi- 
dent lielweeii  1000  and  1001,  and  governor  under 
the  charter  from  1000  to  100!»;  in  lioth  which 
olHces  he  succcceded  Arnold,  and  was  succeeded 
hy  him.  He  died  in  Xewport,  l(i7  I.  Several  of 
his  descendants  held  important  otiices  in  the  col- 
ony ;  they  adlit'red  lo  the  royal  government  at  the 
Kevolution.  An  admiral  in  the  llritish  navy  was 
a  native  of  Xew ]iort.  —  Farmfr'x  lliij. 

UKESSAXI,  EiiAXCisto  (iif.si;i'i'i:,  a  Jesuit 
missionary,  was  a  Koman  hy  liirth.  He  toiled 
with  much  zeal  in  his  mission  among  the  Hurons 
in  Canada,  until  it  was  hroken  up.  Having  heen 
taken  cajitive  and  tortured,  he  horc  in  his  mutilated 
hands  for  the  rest  of  his  liie,  the  jiroofs  of  his  suf- 
ferings. He  died  in  Italy.  In  lOIIJ  there  was 
])ul)lished  an  account  of  his  mission  in  Italian,  en- 
titled, Hreve  relatione  d'  ulcune  missioui,  \c.  — 
V/i(irlcvoix. 

BHE^M'-.K,  Daxif.i,,  died  at  Springfield,  Xov. 
5,  lT-j<i,  aged  (iO,  in  the  4()th  year  of  his  mhiistry. 
He  succeeded  Mr.  Glover,  and  was  followed  by 
Mr.  Hreck.  liorn  in  Itoxbury,  lie  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1097,  and  was  ordained  in  10'J4.  His 
wife  was  Catharine,  daughter  of  llev.  X.  Chaun- 
cey  of  Hatfield  j  her  sister,  Sarah,  married  Ilcv. 


136 


BREWER. 


BREWSTER. 


S.  WhiftclHcy  of  WallinKfonl.  Kc  left  six  cliil- 
dren.  He  jjiililisliwl :  Ciod'N  lulp  to  lie  soufjlit  in 
time  of  wnr,  1724. 

BRl'lWr'.R,  C'liArNCKY,  doctor,  died  nt  Spriiip;- 
ficld,  in  1N;1(),  nfft'd  NT,  a  ;,'i!idiiatc  of  Yalf.  17(il.'. 

BRI'.W.STl'Jt,  Wii.MAM.  one  of  tlie  Pilf,'rinis 
at  riymoiitli,  tiie  Elder  and  only  teacher  for  some 
years,  died  aliout  A])ril  l(i,  U'A\,  ajjed  K.'i.  Tliis 
is  the  date  kivi'"  l)y  IJradford ;  imt  Morton  says, 
about  A])ril  18.  lie  was  horn,  ])rol)al)ly,  at 
Scrooi)y,  in  ISOO.  As  there  was  a  'NVilliam  15.  in 
that  town  in  lo71,  he  was  jjrohahly  the  father 
of  J'',lder  Brewster  of  I'lynionth,  who  himself 
passed  the  last  years  of  his  residence  in  En^'land 
at  Scroohy,  as  a  j)ul)iic  odicer.  This  ])lacc,  which 
is  of  great  interest  in  American  history,  is  a  small 
town  in  Nottiiif^hamshire,  only  two  miles  south  of 
Bawtry,  in  Yorkshire,  and  ten  miles  west  of  Gains 
borou|j;h,in  Lincolnshire.  It  was  a  ])ost  town,  and 
had  a  small  well-huilt  church,  and  an  I'.piseopal 
manor,  which  was  an  occasional  residence  of  tlie 
Arelihisho])  of  York.  The  manor  was  built  in 
two  coiirts,  of  tiiiiber,  e.\cc])t  tlie  front,  which  was 
of  brick,  with  a  moat  around  it.  This,  it  will  be 
found,  became  the  residence  of  Brewster.  Noth- 
ing now  remains  of  it,  but  the  stone  gateway. 
On  the  wood-work  of  the  church  is  seen  a  vine 
bearing  clusters  of  grapes.  His  llimily  was  one  of 
some  eniinencc.  'i'he  coat-armor  of  one  of  the 
name,  bore  "  a  chevron  ermine  between  three 
silver  etoilcs  on  a  sable  field."  Our  Brewster 
derives,  in  our  view,  no  honor  from  his  family ; 
but  the  device  of  stars  breaking  through  the  dark- 
ness of  night  is  a  very  suitable  device  for  the 
American  Brewster,  lie  was  tlie  chief  light  of 
the  riymouth  colony,  in  a  dark  wilderness. 

Mr.  Brewster  was  educated  at  the  university  of 
Cambridge,  where  his  mind  was  imjircssed  with 
religious  truth,  and  ho  was  renewed  by  the  Spirit 
of  God.  After  eomi)leting  his  education  he  en- 
tered into  the  service  of  William  Davison,  am- 
bassador of  Queen  Elizabeth  in  Holland,  'i'his 
gentleman,  who  was  friendly  to  religion,  possessed 
the  highest  regard  for  Mr.  Brewster,  and  rei)oscd 
in  him  the  utmost  confidence.  He  esteemed  him 
as  a  son.  Mr.  Brewster  in  return  jiroved  himself 
not  unworthy  of  the  friendshij),  which  he  had  e.\- 
jierienccd ;  for  when  Davison,  who  had  been 
ui)pointed  secretary  of  state,  incurred  the  affected 
disj)leasurc  of  the  (luocn  for  drawing,  in  com- 
pliance with  her  orders,  the  warrant  for  the  exe- 
cution of  Mary,  he  did  not  forsake  his  patron.  He 
remained  with  him,  and  gave  him  what  assistance 
it  was  in  his  ])ower  to  afibrd,  under  the  troubles, 
■with  which  it  was  the  policy  of  Elizabeth  to  over- 
whelm the  innocent  secretary  in  the  year  1587. 
When  he  could  no  longer  serve  him,  he  retired  to 
the  north  oi  England  among  his  old  friends. 

It  was  now,  that  he  resided  at  Scroohy,  where 
he  was  post,  or  jjostmastcr,  from   lodi  to  Sept. 


.10,  Ififl".  The  recorded  jiayments  to  him 
amounted  in  that  ])eri()d  to  -iM  ]:ounds.  He  was 
also  inn-keej)er  to  the  travellers  by  post.  As 
there  were  no  cross-jjosts  he  had  to  jirovide  for 
distant  deliveries.  ]f  he  had  a  good  income,  it 
enabled  him  to  exercise  a  generous  hospitality; 
and  his  aiiode  in  the  Archbishop's  manor  fur- 
nished a  convenient  jilace  of  meeting  for  the  new 
Puritan  Separatist  church. 

His  attention  was  now  chiefly  occupied  by  the 
interests  of  religion.  His  life  was  exemplary,  and 
it  seemed  to  be  his  great  object  to  j)romotc  the 
highest  good  of  those  around  him.  1  le  endeavored 
to  excite  their  zeal  for  holiness,  and  to  encourage 
them  in  the  jjractice  of  the  Christian  virtues.  As 
he  jjossessed  considerable  j)roperty,  he  readily 
and  abundantly  contributed  towards  the  support 
of  the  gosj/cl.  He  exerted  himself  to  procure 
faithful  j)reachers  for  the  j)arishes  in  the  neigh- 
borhood. By  degrees  he  became  disgusted  with 
the  imiiositions  of  the  jirelatieal  party,  and  their 
severity  towards  men  of  a  moderate  and  peace- 
able disjiosition.  As  he  discovered  much  corrup- 
tion in  the  constitution,  forms,  ceremonies,  and 
iliscii)line  of  the  established  church,  he  thought 
it  his  duty  to  withdraw  from  its  communion,  and 
to  establish  with  others  a  separate  society.  This 
new  church,  under  t!;e  pastoral  care  of  the  aged 
Mr.  Clifton  and  Mr.  Robinson,  met  on  the  Lord's 
days  at  Mr.  Brewster's  house,  where  they  were 
entertained  at  his  exjiense,  as  long  as  they  could 
assemble  without  interruption.  When  at  length 
the  resentment  of  the  hierarchy  obliged  them  to 
seek  refuge  in  a  foreign  country,  he  was  the  most 
forward  to  assist  in  the  removal.  He  was  seized 
with  Mr.  Bradibrd,  in  the  attempt  to  go  over  to 
Hollai\d  in  1607,  and  was  imprisoned  at  Boston, 
in  Lincolnshire.  Ho  was  the  greatest  sufferer  of 
the  conipony,  because  he  iiad  the  most  i)ro])erty. 
Having,  with  much  difficulty  and  expense,  obtained 
his  lilierty,  he  first  assisted  the  poor  of  the  society 
in  their  embarkation,  and  then  followed  them  to 
Holland. 

He  had  a  large  family  and  numerous  depend- 
ents i  and  his  estate  was  exhausted.  As  his  edu- 
cation had  not  fitted  liim  for  mechanical  or  mer- 
cantile employments,  he  was  now  pressed  with 
hardships.  In  this  exigency  he  found  a  resource 
in  his  learning  and  abihties.  Heo])encd  a  school 
at  Leyden,  for  instructing  the  youth  of  the  city 
and  of  the  university  in  the  I'^nglish  tongue ;  and 
being  familiar  with  the  Latin,  with  which  they 
were  also  acquainted,  he  found  no  imiicdiment 
from  the  want  of  a  language  common  to  both. 
By  means  of  a  grammar,  which  he  formed  him- 
self, he  soon  assisted  them  to  a  correct  knowledge 
of  the  English.  By  the  hcl])  of  some  friends 
he  also  set  uj)  a  printing-jjress,  and  jjublished 
several  books  against  the  hierarchy,  which  could 
not  obtain  a  license  for  publication  in  England. 


II 


imFAVSTER. 


BRFAVSTF.R. 


137 


Suc'li  \v!\'i  his  rt'initation  in  the  church  nt  Ley- 
don,  tliat  lie  \v!\s  chosen  a  nilin<j  ehlcr,  and  he 
accdinimnicd  thi'  niinilicrs  of  it,  wlio  came  to  New 
Kii;rl;iii(l  in  Ki'JO.  He  sulfered  witli  them  all  the 
Iiardships  attcndin'?  their  settlement  in  the  wil- 
derness. He  jiartook  with  tliem  of  lalior,  hunf^er, 
and  watdiiiij;;  and  his  Hilile  and  liis  sword  were 
e(iually  familiar  to  him.  As  tlie  church  at  I'ly- 
moittli  was  for  several  years  destitute  of  a  minister, 
Mr.  IJrewster,  who  was  venerable  for  his  character 
mid  years,  ofliciated  as  a  jireacher,  th(n!<,'h  he 
could  never  be  ])ei'suadcd  to  administer  the  sacra- 
ments. Accordiu}^  to  the  jn'incijiles  of  the  cinn-ch, 
the  rulin;;  elder,  in  the  absence  of  the  teachinf; 
elder  or  jiastor,  was  permitted  to  disiiense  the 
word.  No  regular  minister  was  ])rocured  before 
the  year  1 029,  when  Kal]  h  Smith  was  settled. 
PreWously  to  this  period  the  jjriMcipal  care  of  the 
church  rusted  u])on  Mr.  Itrewster,  who  jireached 
twice  every  Lord's  day ;  and  aflerwards  he  occa- 
Bionally  exercised  for  the  j^ood  of  the  church  his 
talents  in  teaching;,  lie  died  in  the  peace  and 
lio])e  of  the  Christian.  His  children  were  I'a- 
tience,  Fear,  Love  (a  son),  Wre.stlinjjr,  Jonathan, 
liUcretia,  AVilliam,  ^lary.  Jonathan  removed  to 
New  London,  th.eucc  to  Norwich,  Conn.,  and  died 
1G59.  His  estate  and  residence,  to  which  he 
early  removed,  were  in  Duxbury;  his  son,  Love, 
Buccceded  him  in  his  house.  His  three  hundred 
books  were  valued  at  43  pounds  j  Ids  whole  estate 
at  150  pounds. 

Througli  his  whole  life  he  was  remarkably  tem- 
perate. I[c  drank  nothing  hut  water,  until 
witliin  the  last  five  or  six  years.  During  the 
famine,  which  was  experienced  in  the  colony,  he 
■was  resigned  and  cheerful.  When  nothing  but 
oysters  and  clams  were  set  on  his  table,  he  would 
give  thanks  that  his  family  were  permitted  "  to 
suck  of  the  abundance  of  the  seas,  aiul  of  the 
treasures  hid  in  the  sand."  lie  was  social  and 
pleasant  in  conversation,  of  a  humble  and  modest 
s])irit ;  yet,  when  occasion  rcciuired,  courageous  in 
administering  rejiroof,  though  with  such  tender- 
ness as  usually  to  give  no  oil'ence.  lie  was  con- 
spicuous ";'r  his  compassion  towards  the  distressed; 
and  if  they  wc\t  uflcring  for  conscience  sake,  he 
judged  them,  of  all  others,  most  deserving  of 
pity  and  relief.  He  had  a  peculiar  abhorrence  of 
priilo.  In  the  government  of  the  church  he  was 
careful  to  preserve  order  ami  the  jiurity  of  doc- 
trine and  communion,  and  to  sujijiret-s  conti'Ution. 
lie  was  cmhient  for  ])iety.  In  his  jmlilie  jjrayers 
he  was  full  and  ccnnprehensive,  nuiking  confession 
of  sin  with  deep  humility,  and  suj)plieating  with 
fervor  the  Divine  mercy  through  the  merits  of 
Jesus  Christ,  Yet  he  avoided  a  tedious  prolixity, 
lest  he  should  damp  the  sj)irit  of  devotion.  In 
his  discourses  he  was  clear  and  distinguishing,  as 
well  as  pathetic  ;  and  it  pleased  God  to  give  liim 
18 


uncommon  success,  so  that  many  were  converted 
by  his  ministry.  At  his  death  he  left  what  wa« 
called  an  excellent  library.  It  was  valued  at  43 
])ounds  in  silver,  and  a  catalogue  of  the  hooks  is 
j)reservcd  in  tlie  cohmy  records. 

The  church  at  I'lymoi'th,  of  which  Mr.  Brew- 
ster was  ruling  elder,  was  jicculiar  for  the  lilv- 
erty  of  "  ])rophesying"  or  ])reaching,  which  was 
allowed  even  to  such  private  members  as  were 
"gilU'd."  When  d'overnor  Wintlirop  visited  I'ly- 
mouth  in  1()3'J,  in  the  afternoon's  exercise  of  the 
Lord's  day,  a  (piestion,  according  to  custom,  was 
])ro])ounded,u])on  which  a  nmnber  of  the  congre- 
gation exjiressed  their  opinions,  and  the  Governor 
of  Massachusetts,  being  re(iuested,  "  spoke  to  it" 
with  the  rest.  "  'I'lie  jireachments  of  the  gitU'd 
l)rethren,"  says  Dr.  !Nlalher,  "jiroduced  those 
discouragements  to  the  ministers,  that  almost  all 
left  the  colony,  ai)]irehendiug  themselves  driven 
away  by  the  neglect  and  contemjit  with  which  the 
jieoijle  on  this  occasion  treated  them."  This 
church  admitted  none  to  its  communion  without 
either  a  written  or  oral  declavatiiin  of  their  faith 
and  religious  experience.  The  Scriptures  were 
not  read  in  public,  nor  was  the  psalm  before  sing- 
ing, till  in  comjiassion  to  a  brother,  who  could  not 
read,  one  of  the  elders  or  deacons  was  permitted 
to  read  it  lino  by  hue,  after  it  had  been  ])reviously 
expounded  by  the  minister.  No  children  were 
iiapti/ed  ludcss  one  of  the  jtarent:;  was  in  full 
conmnuiion,  and  baptized  children  were  considered 
as  Rul;jeets  of  ecclesiastical  discipline.  While  in 
Holland  the  Lord's  supjier  was  administered  every 
Salibath  ;  but  it  was  omitted  in  America  till  a 
minister  was  obtained,  and  then  it  was  adminis- 
tered only  once  in  a  month.  —  lUlhiuiji'x  Anicr, 
liioij.w.  lio2-2.J(>;  Coll.  Hist.  Sor.w.  lOH,  113- 
117;  Mdvtuu,  ].";3;  ycdVs  N.  J'.  1.231;  .Swy- 
iir/vn  U'intlirvp,!.  i)l  ;  Maijmtlia,'i.  11;  I'viiicc, 
80. 

liRF.WSTER,  JoNATli.w,  son  of  the  preceding, 
lived  in  Duxbury  in  l(i32,  and  was  deputy  .ind 
attorney.  He  removed  to  New  London  in  1038. 
Ho  exjjressed  in  a  letter  dated  at  "  Mohekcn," 
Sept.,  I(!o0  —  ]n-obably  New  London —  an  inten- 
tion of  going  to  England.  He  died  10>j9.  His 
son  lienjamin  removed  to  Norwich  soon  after 
1018.  15y  his  wife,  Anna  Dart,  of  New  London, 
he  had  sons  Jonathan,  Daniel,  William,  and  Reii- 
janiin  ;  and  his  desceiulants  are  to  be  found  now 
in  the  vicinity.  Seabury  Rrewster,  of  Norwich, 
the  father  of  the  dentist,  Cliristoplier  lirewster, 
who  was  knighted  by  the  Fmperorof  Russia,  was 
descended  from  ^\'restling,  the  brother  of  Jona- 
than, and  wa.s  born  in  I'lymouth  in  \~oo.  In 
177!)  there  were  eleven  Rrewster  families  in  tlio 
east  society  of  Norwich. 

RREW'STER,  Rini,  daughter  of  the  preced- 
ing, married  fast  John  rickct,  and  next,  in  1008, 


138 


BREWSTER. 


DRIGIIAM. 


Il 


Charles  lUll,  of  New  London,  who,  after  hur 
death,  married  a  daughter  of  Major  John  Mason. 
-  BREWSTER,  Natiunikl,  minister-  of  IJrook- 
haven,  Long  iHland,  was  a  graduate  of  the  first 
class  of  Har\'ard  college  in  1012.  At  first  he 
was  settled  in  the  ministry  at  Norfolk,  England ; 
on  his  return  to  America  he  was  settled  at  Jirook- 
haven  in  IGOo,  and  died  in  1090,  leaving  sons, 
John,  Timothy,  and  Daniel,  whose  descendants  of 
respectable  standing  remain  on  Long  Island.  — 
Farmer's  Register. 

BREWSTl'JR,  Ejienezer,  general,  a  descend- 
ant of  Elder  Brewster,  died  at  Hanover,  N.  IL, 
Jan.  4,  1814,  t,fi,in.i  7-t.  lie  emigrated  from  Nor- 
wich, Conn.     The  following  was  liia  son. 

BREWSTER,  Amos  Avi:nY,  colonel,  died  at 
Hanover^  N.  H.,  April  24,  1845,  aged  OS.  He 
was  many  years  sheriff  of  the  county.  His  vviic 
was  a  daughter  of  Adriana  Boudinot.  He  suf- 
fered the  unhappiness  of  burj-ing  six  young  cliil- 
dren  within  a  period  of  five  years. 

BREWSTER,  Lyman  1).,  died  in  Hennepin, 
Oct.  22,  1835,  aged  01;  from  Connecticut  he  re- 
moved to  the  west,  to  Tennessee  and  Illinois. 
He  bequeathed  20,000  dollars  to  the  African  colo- 
nization society,  and  2,500  dollars  to  schools. 

BRICKETT,  John,  pubUshed  a  work,  entitled 
Natural  history  of  North  Carohna,  with  cuts,  Dub- 
lin, 1737. 

BRIDGE,  Thomas,  minister  of  the  first  church 
in  Boston,  was  born  at  Hackney,  England,  and 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1075.  After 
visiting  Europe  as  a  merchant,  he  became  a  min- 
ister. He  first  preached  at  Jamaica ;  then  at 
New  Providence  and  Bermuda,  and  at  West  Jer- 
sey. He  was  ordained  at  Boston  as  colleague 
with  ^Ir.  Wadsworth,  May  10,  1705.  He  died 
suddenly  of  an  apoplexy,  Sept.  26, 1715,  aged  58. 
He  was  eminent  for  his  Christian  virtues.  AA'hile 
he  was  upright  m  liis  dealings,  he  was  also  meek 
and  mild  j  liis  heart  was  kind ;  and  he  was  hum- 
ble and  devout.  He  was  habitually  serious. 
Thongh  liis  talents  were  not  consj)icuous,  yet  his 
thoughts  were  always  expressed  in  suitable  and 
manly  language.  In  prayer  he  was  eminent. 
His  intimate  acquauitanco  with  llic  Scri])tures  and 
the  devotional  frame  of  his  miud  rendered  liis 
supplications  to  the  throne  of  grace  very  interest- 
ing. While  he  was  liimself  exceedingly  desirous 
of  doing  good,  free  from  every  i)artIelo  of  envy, 
he  sincerely  rejoiced  in  the  usefulness  and  re- 
spectability of  others.  He  was  not  desirous  of 
honor,  and  so  humble  was  the  opinion  which  he 
had  formed  of  himself,  that  the  expression  of  his 
humihty  sometimes  put  to  the  IjIusIi  those  who 
were  younger  and  more  desirous  of  distinction. 
He  was  diligent  in  study,  but  his  Bible  was  his 
library.  To  this  book  he  devoted  his  attention, 
and  became  well  acquainted  with  its  imijortant 
truths.    Such  was  his  moderation,  so  greatly  was 


he  desirous  of  ])caco,  that  it  was  fliouglit  he  was 
sometimes  silent  when  he  ought  to  have  sjioken, 
and  tliat  he  yielded  too  much  to  others.  He  ])ub- 
lislied  the  following  sermons :  at  the  artillery 
election,  1705;  on  tlie  choice  of  the  town  officers, 
1710;  on  faith,  1713.  —  Culman'n  Fun.  iscrm. ; 
llixl.  Coll.  III.  257. 

BItUJGI'],  JcsiAii,  second  minisl  i-  of  East 
Sudbury,  JIass.,  was  graduated  at  Ilai  lard  col- 
lege in  1758,  and  ordahied  Nov.  4,  1701,  the  suc- 
cessor of  ^Vm.  Cook,  who  died  Nov.  12,  17G0, 
aged  03,  in  the  thirty-seventh  year  of  his  minis- 
try. Mr.  Bridge  died  June  20,  1801,  aged  61,  in 
the  fortieth  year  of  his  ministry,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Joel  Foster,  who  died  in  1812.  Before 
the  division  of  the  church  the  ministers  '.,f  Sud- 
bury were  E.  Brown,  Sherman,  and  I.  Loring. 
He  was  a  j)o])ular  preacher,  with  a  clear,  loud 
voice.  His  convention  sermon  in  1792  and  I)ud- 
k'ian  lecture  in  1797  were  not  printed.  He  pub- 
lislied  a  sermon  at  the  onhnation  of  J.  Damon ; 
the  election  sermon,  1789.  —  Coll.  Hist.  Soc.  s.s. 
IV.  61 ;  Palladium,  June  26th,  1801. 

BRIDGE,  Ebenezer,  died  Oct.  1,  1792,  aged 
';7.  Born  in  Boston,  l.f  was  graduated  in  1736, 
and  ordained  at  Chelmsford  in  1V41,  and  was  in 
office  fifty  years.  He  ])ublished  the  artillery  elec- 
tion sermon,  1752;  the  election  sermon,  1707 

BRU)GE,  JLvrriiEW,  minister  of  Framl.'"-h  >  , 
died  in  1775,  a  graduate  of  1741.  He  public. i.-.i 
a  sermon  at  the  ordhiation  of  E.  Stone,  Rea  :  ,  '„ 
1701. 

BRIDGE,  Edmind,  died  at  Dresden,  ]Maine, 
Se])t.,  1825,  aged  80.  lie  was  bom  in  Lexington, 
and  was  a  patriot  of  the  Revolution.  From  1781 
to  1815  he  was  sheriff  of  Lincoln.  He  was  an 
advocate  of  the  Christian  ministry  and  of  public 
schools,  held  in  esteem  for  his  integrity  and  be- 
nevolence. He  was  the  father  of  Judge  Bridge, 
of  Augusta. 

BRI1)GIIA:M,  Samuei.  W.,  general,  chancellor 
of  Brown  university,  died  in  Dee.,  1840,  at  Provi- 
dence, aged  07.  He  was  mayor,  and  attoruej-- 
general. 

BRIDCrilAN,  Jajies  O.,  a  missionary,  went  to 
China  in  1844,  and  was  ordained  at  Canton.  Ilo 
died  Dec.  0,  1850,  in  a  fit  of  insanity  inflictmg  a 
fatal  wound. 

BKIGGS,  James,  the  first  imnister  of  Cum- 
mington,  died  in  1 825,  aged  about  70.  A  gradu- 
ate of  Yale  in  1775,  ho  was  settled  in  1779,  the 
town  giving  him  two  hundred  acres  of  land  and 
sixty  pounds  for  a  settlement.  He  was  a  very 
res])ectal)le  and  useful  minister. 

BRIGG8,  Emakiji,  died  at  Dighton,  Sept.  27, 
1852,  aged  80,  the  last  of  seven  chililrcn,  whose 
ages  amounted  to  588  years.  Five  brothers 
reached  the  ages  of  72,  80,  87,  88,  90.  The  ages 
of  two  sisters  amounted  to  159  years. 

BRIGILVM,  Paul,    lieut.-gov.    of  Vermont, 


f( 


V 


BRIOHAM. 


BROCK. 


189 


died  at  Nonrich,  June  16,  1824,  aged  79.  For 
four  years  ho  was  a  captain  in  the  war  of  inde- 
pendence ;  five  years  higli  shcritf  of  Windsor 
county  J  five  years  chief  judge  of  the  county 
court ;  and  twenty-two  years  lieut.-govemor.  His 
various  duties  he  discharged  to  the  acceptance  of 
his  fellow  citizens,  till  the  infirmities  of  age  ad- 
tno-.iished  liim  to  retire  from  the  public  service. — 
Farmer's  Coll.  HI.  Aj)pendix,  G4. 

BllIGIIA^I,  ELiJiUi,  judge,  a  member  of  con- 
gress, died  of  the  croup  at  Washington,  April  22, 
1816.  A  native  of  Northborough  and  graduate 
of  Dartmouth  in  1778,  he  settled  as  a  merchant 
in  Westborough,  and  sustained  various  public 
offices. 

BIIIGHAJI,  AM.UILUI,  Dr.,  died  in  Utica,  Sept. 
8,  1849,  aged  51,  formerly  principal  of  the  Re- 
treat at  Hartford,  and  from  1842  superintendent 
of  the  State  asylum  for  the  insane  at  Utica.  He 
was  a  brother  of  Dr.  B.,  secretary  of  the  Ameri- 
can Bible  society. 

BIIIGHT,  FRzUs-CIS,  first  minister  in  Charles- 
town,  Mass.,  was  a  pujnl  of  the  famous  Mr.  Dav- 
enport. He  arrived  at  Naumkeag,  or  Salem,  in 
June,  1629,  in  comjjany  with  Mr.  Skelton  and 
Mr.  Higginson.  Disagreeing  in  judgment  with 
his  two  lircthren,  he  removed  to  Charlestown. 
After  tarrying  here  a  little  more  than  a  year,  and 
finding  that  the  people  were  disposed  to  carry  the 
reformation  to  a  greater  length  than  he  thought 
was  necessary,  he  returned  to  England  in  1630. 
He  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Wilson.  —  Morse  and 
Parish's  N.  E.,  74;  Morton,  82;  Prince,  184, 
188. 

BRIMMER,  GiioRGE  W.,  died  at  Florence  in 
Sept.,  1838.  A  graduate  of  Harvard  in  1803,  he 
was  skilled  in  j)ainting  and  architecture. 

BRIMMEU,  Martin,  mayor  of  Boston,  died 
April  2(3,  1847.  A  graduate  of  1814,  he  was  dis- 
tinguished for  his  liberality  and  zeal  in  promoting 
the  interests  of  public  education. 

BRIMSMEiU),  WiLLUM,  first  minister  of  Marl- 
borough, died  July  3, 1701.  He  was  a  native  of 
Dorchester,  and  probably  the  son  of  John  Brims- 
mead,who  lived  in  Dorchester  m  1638,  and  who  had 
a  son,  John,  born  1640.  The  name  is  the  some  as 
Brinsmead,  as  it  was  written  in  1702  in  the  last  will 
of  John  Brinsmead,  of  Milford,  one  of  whose 
daughters  married  Dr.  Wheclock ;  and  the  same 
as  Brinsmade,  as  it  was  written  by  Daniel  Nathan- 
iel B.,  of  Woodbury,  in  1777,  and  as  it  is  written  at 
the  present  day.  He  was  educated  at  Harvard  col- 
lego,  but  never  received  a  degree,  lie,  witli 
otiiers  of  his  class,  being  disi)loasod  wlili  a  vote 
of  the  corporation,  requiring  the  students  to  reside 
four  years  at  Cambridge  iii.slead  of  three,  left  the 
institution  in  1617.  lie  was  cmi)loycd  as  a 
preacher  at  Plymouth  in  166j.  At  Marlborough 
he  jjreachod  as  early  as  Scyit.,  1660,  though  he 
was  not  ordiiincd  till  Oct.  3,  1066.    As  ho  was 


preaching,  Sunday,  March  20, 1676,  the  assembly 
was  dispersed  by  an  outcry  of  "  Indians  at  the 
door."  All  reached  the  fort  safely,  except  one 
man,  who  was  wounded.  The  meeting-house  and 
many  dwelling-houses  were  burnt.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Mr.  Breck.  He  was  never  married. 
He  is  represented  as  a  well  accomi)lishcd  servant 
of  Christ.  He  published  the  election  sermon, 
1681.  Among  ;.''"  ^..-ifers  mude  use  of  by  Prince 
in  compiling  his  annals,  was  a  journal  in  Latin 
kept  by  Mr.  B.  from  1665  to  1695  inclusively.-^ 
Coll.  Hist.  Soc.v.  47,  122;  ix.  170  (  x.  89. 

BRINSMADE,  D.vxikl,  minister  of  Washing- 
ton, Conn.,  died  April  23,  1793,  aged  74.  lie 
was  a  graduate  of  1745.  Dr.  Porter  succeeded 
him.  His  son.  Judge  Daniel,  a  graduate  of  1772, 
died  in  1826,  aged  75.  The  son  of  the  latter  is 
Gen.  Daniel  B.  Brinsmade,  of  Washington. 

BRISTLE,  JoiLV,  died  at  Providence,  Feb.  23,  . 
1855,  aged  76.  He  was  a  native  of  England, 
who  arrived  at  New  York  in  1806,  and  in  1820 
married  a  daugliter  of  J.  J.  Astor,  by  whom  he 
had  a  son,  Charles  Astor  Bristed.  He  was  many 
years  a  useful  Episcopal  minister ;  his  liberality 
was  experienced  by  students  in  theology. 

BRISTOL,  WiLLUM,  U.  S.  judge  for  the  dis- 
trict of  Conn.,  died  at  New  Haven,  March  7, 
1836,  aged  57.  Bom  in  Ilamden,  he  graduated 
in  1798.  He  was  a  judge  of  the  State  court  in 
1819;  an  upright  judge  and  an  able  lawyer. 

BRIT,  TuoMAS,  died  on  Sampit,  near  George- 
town, Aug.,  1825,  aged  115,  a  soldier  in  the 
Cherokee,  French,  and  Revolutionary  wars.  He 
rode  on  horseback  in  one  day  thirty-eight  miles, 
three  weeks  before  his  death. 

BROCK,  JoiiN,  minister  of  Reading,  died  June 
18,  1688,  aged  67.  He  was  bom  in  England  in 
1620,  and  was  distinguished  for  early  piety.  He 
came  to  this  country  about  the  year  1637.  He 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1646,  and, 
after  residing  there  two  years  longer,  engaged  in 
preaching  the  Gospel,  first  at  Rowley  and  then  at 
the  Isle  of  Shoals.  He  continued  at  this  last 
place  till  1662,  when  he  removed  to  Reading,  as 
successor  of  Samuel  Hough,  being  ordained  Nov. 
13,  1662.  Here  he  ministered  in  holy  things  till 
liis  death.  Ho  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Picrpont. 
Ilis  wife  was  tlie  widow  of  Mr.  Ilouyli. 

^Ir.  Brock  was  an  eminent  CiirLstian,  and  a 
laborious,  foithful  minister,  preaching  not  only  on 
the  Sabbath,  but  frequently  on  other  days.  lie 
established  lectures  for  young  persons,  and  for  the 
members  of  the  church.  Ho  often  made  pastoral 
vi:4tR,  and  they  were  rendered  very  useful  by  his 
hapj)y  talents  in  conversation.  He  was  so  re- 
markable for  holiness  and  devotion,  that  it  was 
said  of  liim  by  the  celebrated  ^Mitchell :  "  He 
dwells  as  near  heaven  as  any  man  upon  earth." 
lie  was  full  of  faith  and  of  the  Holy  Ghost. 
Several  remarkable  stories  arc  related  of  the  efli- 


140 


BROCK. 


BRODHILVD. 


I 
i 


cacy  of  hid  prayers,  in  which  he  fi-equently  hatl  a 
particular  faith,  or  an  assurance  of  bciiifj;  lieard. 
When   he   lived  at  the  Isle  of  Shoals,  he  pcr- 
Buadcd  the  ])eoplc  to  enter  into  an  a;,'rccment  to 
spend  one  day  in  every  month,  besides  tlie  Sab- 
baths, in    religious   worshiji.     On   one   of  these 
days  the  fishermen,  who  composed   his  society, 
desired  him  to  juit  off  the  nieetii  g,  as  the  rough- 
ness of  the  weather  had  for  a  number  of  days 
prevented  them  from  attending  to  tlieir  usual  em- 
ployment,    lie  endeavored  in  vain  to  convince 
them  of  the  imjirojuiety  of  thoii-  request.    As 
most  of  them  were  determined  to  seize  the  op])or- 
tunity  for  making  up  their  lost  time,  and  were 
more  interested   in   their  worldly  than  in   their 
spiritual  concerns,  he  addressed  them  thus  :  "  If 
you  arc  resolved  to  neglect  your  duty  to  God,  and 
will  go  away,  I  say  unto  you,  catch  fish  if  you 
,  can ;  but  as  for  you,  who  will  tarry  and  worsliip 
the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  1  will  pray  unto  him  for 
you,  that  you  may  catch  fish  until  you  are  weary." 
Of  thirty-five  men,  e   '.y  five  remained  with  the  min- 
ister.   The  thirty,  wlio  went  from  the  meeting,  with 
all  their  skill  caught  through  the  wliolc  day  but  four 
fishes ;  while  the  five,  who  attended  divine  service, 
afterwards  went  out  and  caught  five   hundred. 
From  this  time  the  fishermen  readily  attended  all 
the  meetings  which  Mr.  Crock  appointed.    A  jjoor 
man,  who  had  been  very  useful  with  his  boat  in 
carrying  persons,  •who  attended  public  worship, 
over  a  river,  lost  his  boat  in  a  storm,  and  lamented 
his  loss  to  his  minister.    Mr.  Brock  said  to  him : 
"  Go  home,  honest  man ;  I  will  mention  the  mat- 
ter to  the  Lord  ;  you  will  have  your  boat  again 
to-morrow."    Tlie  next  day,  in  answer  to  earnest 
prayer,  the  poor  man  recovered  his  boat,  which 
■was  brought  up  from  the  bottom  by  the  anchor  of 
a  vessel,  cast  upon  it  without  design.    A  number 
of  such  remarkable  correspondences  between  the 
events  of  Providence  and  the  prayers   of  Mr. 
Brock,  caused  Mr.  John  Allen,  of  Dedham,  to  say 
of  him  :  "  I  scarce  ever  knew  any  man  so  famil- 
iar with  the  great  God,  as  his  dear  servant  Brock." 
—  Mather's  Maffiialia,  IX.  141-143;  Coll.  Hist. 
Soc.  \il.  251-254;   Stone's  Fun.  Serm.  07i  Pren- 
tiss ;  Fitch's  Sermon  at  the  ordination  of  TucJce. 
BROCK,  Is.uc,  major-general  in  the  British 
army,  captured  Gen.  Hull  and  his  whole  army  at 
Detroit,  Aug.  16,  1812.    He  afterwards  i)roeeeded 
to  the  Niagara  frontier,  and  was  killed  in  the  bat- 
tle of  Queenstown,  Oct.  13th.     lie  was  rallying 
his  troojjs,  wliicli  had  been  put  to  flight  by  a  des- 
perate cliarge  of  Col.  Chrystie,  when   he  was 
pierced  by  three  balls.    lie  was  a  brave  and  gen- 
erous officer.    During  his  funeral  the  guns  of  the 
American  fort  were  fired  as  a  token  of  respect. — 
Bracltenridge's  Hist.  War,  73. 

BROECK,  Abr-VIIam  Ten,  a  patriot  of  the 
Revolution,  was  the  ])resident  of  the  convention 
of  the  State  of  New  York  in  1776,  and  signed 


their  eloquent  address,  dated  at  Fishkill,  Dec.  21, 
which  was  written  l)y  John  Jay.  In  Oct.,  1781, 
he  was  the  mayor  of  the  city  of  Albany,  and  com- 
municated to  Gen.  Heath  a  vote  of  thanks  for  the 
jirotection  lie  had  aflbrded  the  city.  He  died  at 
Albany,  Jan.,  1810,  aged  70. 

BROECK,  JoiiN-  Ten,  died  at  Albany  in  Dec., 
1822.  He  was  a  patriot  of  the  Revolution,  and 
held  various  ])ublic  offices,  while  he  adorned  in 
private  life  his  Christian  profession.  —  Amer.  i?e- 
menih.  1777,  p.  63;  Heath,  320. 

BROCKWAY,  Thomas,  minister  of  Columbia, 
died  in  1808,  aged  about  CO.  He  graduated  in 
1708  at  Yale,  in  the  first  class,  whose  names  are 
alphabetically  arranged.  They  had  been  previ- 
ously put  down  accordhig  to  supposed  family 
rank  or  dignity.  A  native  of  Lyme,  he  succeded 
Dr.  Wheelock  at  Lebanon  crank,  now  Columbia. 

BROCKWAY,  Dkouate,  died  in  Ellington, 
Conn.,  Feb.,  1849,  aged  73,  the  son  of  the  pre- 
ceding, a  graduate  of  1707.  Soon  after  his  set- 
tlement he  fell  from  the  steeiile  of  his  new  meet- 
ing-liouse,  sixty-five  feet,  and  was  well  nigh  crip- 
l)led  for  life.  He  wac  a  man  of  sense  and  of  high 
moral  and  Christian  worth ;  in  private  life  urbane 
and  a  model  of  hospitality.  His  son,  John  11., 
a  graduate  of  1820,  was  a  member  of  congress 
1839-1843.  Among  a  few  sermons,  which  he 
pubUshcd,  was  a:!  election  sermon. 

BRODHE^U),  John,  died  at  New  Market,  N. 
II.,  April  7, 1838,  aged  67,  a  respected  IMethodist 
minister  and  member  of  congress. 

BRODHEAD,  Jacob,  D.  D.,  died  in  Spring- 
field, Mass.,  June  0,  1855,  aged  73.  The  synod 
of  the  reformed  Dutch  church  in  session  m  New 
Brunswick,  being  on  that  day  apprised  by  tele- 
graph of  his  death,  appointed  a  committee  to 
attend  in  New  York  the  limeral  of  this  father  in 
their  church.  Of  this  committee  was  Dr.  Bethune, 
who  had  succeeded  Dr.  Brodhcad  in  three  of  his 
pastoral  charges  —  at  Rhinebeck,  Philadelphia, 
and  Brooklyn  —  and  who  delivered  a  discourse  on 
lus  decease,  which  was  published. 

It  appears,  by  the  address  of  Dr.  De  Witt,  that 
Dr.  B.  was  bom  May  14,  1782,  at  Marbletown, 
Ulster  county,  and  was  the  son  of  Charles,  a  pat- 
riot and  soldier,  who  commanded  a  company  — 
chiefly  raised  at  his  own  expense — at  the  surren- 
der of  Burgoyne.  An  early  ancestor,  Capt.  Dan- 
iel, came  from  Yorkshire,  and  settled  with  the 
Hollanders  and  Huguenots  of  Ulster.  Dr.  B. 
was  a  graduate  of  Union  college  in  1801.  In 
1804  he  succeeded  his  cousin,  John  Brodhcad 
Re  levTi,  as  pastor  of  the  Dutch  church  at  Rhine- 
becK  flats.  In  1809  he  was  installed  as  a  colleague 
with  Drs.  Livingston,  Kuypers,  and  Aboel  over  the 
collegiate  Dutch  church  in  New  Y'ork;  —  this 
sense  of  collegiate  —  as  indicating  a  common 
church,  composed  of  several  churches  having  col- 
league pastors  — not  being  given  in  our  dictiona- 


BRODXAX. 


BROMFIELD. 


141 


,mon 
col- 
ion  a- 


rips.  In  Ifil.l  he  took  tlie  chnrpfc  of  th*;  firRt 
Dutch  tluiiTh  in  Crown  stri'i't,  riiiludflphia. 
A(\iT  twtlve  years  he  returned  to  New  York, and 
was  the  pastor  of  I!ronnie-street  Dutch  church; 
afterwiuds  of  J'"hitliiish  eliurtli,  and  from  IStl  to 
181(i  of  the  central  cluirch  of  Brooklyn,  lie  was 
an  eminently  [jious  and  most  useful  man,  a  faithful 
servant  of  God  in  all  his  fields  of  labor,  and  lie  died 
In  f.'re:U  jieace  in  tlie  family  of  liis  only  dauf,'hter. 
In  his  sickness  tlie  iSu])])er  was  administered  to 
him  hy  Dr.  Osj^ood,  assisted  by  his  brethren 
in  Springfield,  Uuckin^iiam,  I'arsons,  and   Seeley. 

His  first  wife  was  Anna,  dau-jhter  of  John  X. 
IJleecker,  Albany.  His  son,  .John  Ilcmieyn  ]{., 
naval  olHccr  of  New  York,  is  known  as  a  histo- 
rian ;  Ills  dauf^htcr  is  the  wife  of  George  M.  At- 
■water.of  Sjjringfield.  A  niemoi-ial  was  published, 
with  a  fine  portrait,  containing  Dr.  Uethune's  ser- 
mon and  other  pieces.  lie  jiublished  the  follow- 
ing discourses :  at  riiiladelphia,  1813;  a  plea  for 
the  poor,  is  14;  new  year's  memorial,  182G;  at 
thanksgiving,  ISl'O  ;  on  education,  IS'Jl ;  on  death 
of  Dr.  Kuypera,  1833;  preached  in  central  church, 
1851. 

LllODXAX,  "William  II.,  general,  died  in 
Virginia,  of  the  cholera,  in  Oct.,  1831,  aged  48. 
He  was  a  lawyer,  a  member  of  the  house  of  dele- 
gates, and  deserves  honorable  remembrance  as  an 
advocate  of  the  gradual  abolition  of  slavery. 

BROMFIELD,  Edwakd,  an  eminent  merchant 
in  Boston,  died  April  10,  175G,  aged  GO.  lie  was 
born  in  Nov.,  109.5.  His  father,  Edward,  was  a 
member  of  the  council ;  his  mother  was  the  eldest 
daughter  of  Rev.  Mr.  Danforth,  of  Roxbury.  By 
means  of  her  instructions  and  the  instructions  of 
his  grandmotJier,  a  daughter  of  Mr.  AVilson,  of 
Boston,  his  mind  in  early 
pressed  by  religious  truth, 
conscientious,  upright,  and  holy,  lie  sustained 
several  important  trusts,  and  with  incorruptible 
integrity  sought  the  public  good.  He  was  a  rej)- 
resentative  of  his  native  town  in  the  general  court, 
from  the  year  1739  to  1743  ;  and  ho  would  have 
been  continued,  as  colleague  with  his  brother-in- 
law,  Thomas  Gushing,  but  he  I'referrcd  the  hum- 
bler station  of  overseer  of  the  poor,  ir  which 
ofhcc  he  remained  twenty-one  years  successively. 
His  daughter,  Sarah,  married  Jeremiah  Towell,  a 
member  of  the  council.  His  son,  Col.  Henry 
Bromfield,  a  merchant  in  Boston,  passed  his  last 
days  at  Harvard,  where  he  died,  Fel).  9,  18^0, 
aged  92.  His  daughter  married  Daniel  D.  Rog- 
ers, of  Boston.  Mr.  Bromfield  was  eminent  for 
his  Christian  virtues.  In  his  intcveourse  with 
others  he  was  o])en,  friendly,  jjleasant,  a!ul  re- 
markable for  cand(n\  Attached  to  the  ancient 
principles  of  New  England,  he  loved  the  most 
zealous  and  awakening  ministers ;  he  worshipped 
the  Most  High  in  his  family;  he  partook  of  the 
supper  of  liis  Lord  and  Master  with  the  humblest 


reverence  and  the  most  ardent  gratitude  and 
love.  In  liis  last  sickness,  so  deej)  was  the  sense 
of  his  unworthiness  and  guilt,  tiiat  he  enjoyed 
little  com])osure  till  just  before  his  death,  wlien 
his  ajjijrehensions  were  in  a  great  measure  re- 
moved. In  his  most  des])oiiiling  moments  he 
ever  justified  the  ways  of  (iod.  —  I'liiice's  Fun. 
k'i',->ii.:  Itimldii  (uiZ;  A])ril  19,  17."jG. 

BKOMFH'ILD,  I'.invAiiD,  a  young  man  of  un- 
common genius,  the  son  of  the  preceding,  was 
born  in  Boston  in  1723.     He  was  graduated  at 
Iliirvnrd  college  in   1742.     He  lived  but  a  short 
time  to  display  liis  virtues  and   his  talents,  for 
he    diid    August    18,    174(i,    aged     23    years. 
From   his  cliiidhood   he   was  very  amiable  and 
modest.     .\s  lie  grew  u]),  the  jjowers  of  his  mind 
were   unfolded,   and    he   discovered   remarkable 
iiigeiiiuty  and  penetration,  which  were  strength- 
ened and  increaseil  as  he  became  acquainted  with 
mathematical  science.     His  genius  first  njjpeared 
in  the  use  of  the  pen,  by  which  with  admirable 
exactness  he  sketched  the  objects  of  nature.     He 
made  liimself  so  familiar  with  Weston's  short- 
hand, that  he  was  able  to  take  down  every  word 
of  the  professors  lectures  at  the  college,  and  the 
sermons  wiiich  were  delivered  from  the  jiulijit. 
He  was  skilful  in  projecting  maps.     As  he  was 
well   skilled  in   music,  ho   made  with   his  own 
hands  an  excellent  organ,  with  two  rows  of  keys 
and  several  h\indred  pi])es.     The  workmanship 
exceeded  anything  of  the  kind  wliich  had  been 
imported  from  Englund.     He  took  iieeuliar  pleas- 
m-e  in  pursuits  which  related  to  natural  philosophy, 
for  he  wished  to  behold  the  wisdom  of  God  in 
his  works.     He  made  great  improvement  in  the 
microscopes,  which  were   then   used,   most  ac- 
Ufe   was  deeply  im- 1  curately  grinding  the  finest  glasses,  and  multiply- 
Ilis  whole  life  was   ing  the  ])owers  of  optical  instruments.     He  met 
with  no  mechanism  which  he  did  not  readily  im- 
prove.    But  these  were  only  the  amusements  of 
Mr.  Bromfield.     He  was  engaged  in  the  pursuits 
of  higher  and  more  interesting  olyects  than  those 
which  had  reference  only  to  the  earth  and  could 
occu])y  the  mind  but  a  few  dajs.    Though  from 
childhood  he  jjosscssed  the  virtues,  which  endeared 
him  to  his  acquaintance,  yet  it  was  not  before  he 
reached  the  age  of  seventeen  that  he  was  converted 
by  the  influence  of  the  Divine  Spirit  from  his 
natural  state  of  selfishness  and  iniquity  to  the 
sui)rcme  love  of  his  Maker.     From  this  period 
the  truths  of  revelation  claimed  his  intense  study, 
and  it  was  his  constant  aim  to  conform  his  life  to 
the  requisitions  of  the  gospel.     Nothing  interested 
him  so  much  as  the  character  of  Jesus  Christ  and 
the   wonders   of  redemption,   which    he    hoped 
would  excite  his  admiration  in  the  future  world, 
and  constitute  his  everlasting  blessedness.    He 
left  behind  !iim  a  number  of  manuscriptr,  which 
contained  his  pious  meditations,  and  maiked  his 
progress  towards  perfection.     Though  his  body 


142 


BROOKE. 


BROOKS. 


was  feeble,  his  whole  soul  wns  indefatifrablc.  In 
his  eyes  there  wuh  un  expresHJoii  of  iiitellccf, 
wliich  could  not  l)e  mistaken.  Had  liis  lite  been 
spared,  his  name  ini^ht  have  been  an  lionor  to 
his  country,  and  ])hilosoj)hy  nii^ht  have  been 
dignified  by  a  connection  with  genuine  reliffion.  — 
Prince's  Account  of  liroinjield ;  I'amiiilint,  II. 
193-197. 

BROOKE,  FR.VXCI.S  J.,  judp^c  of  the  court  of 
appeals  in  Virf^inia,  died  .March  .'J,  lK,jl,  np;ed  87. 
He  was  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution,  a  friend  of 
Washington.  His  first  camjjuign,  with  his  twin 
brother  John,  was  under  Lafayette  in  1781.  He 
was  often  in  the  legislature.  In  1811  he  was 
judge  of  a])])eals,  and  was  re-elected  in  183!  till 
the  lime  of  hi.s  death. 

BROOKi;,  Cii:(n;oK  ^I.,  major-general,  died  in 
San  Antonio  March  9,  1851.  He  entered  the 
army  in  1808;  and  he  received  various  brevets  for 
his  defence  of  Fort  Erie,  for  his  sortie,  and  for 
his  conduct  in  the  war  with  Mexico.  Fort  Brooke 
at  Tampa  Bay,  where  he  was  stationed,  received 
his  name. 

BROOKS,  Ei,e.vzi:r,  a  brigadier-general,  died 
at  Lincoln  Nov.  9,  1806,  aged  80  years.  He  was 
born  in  Concord,  !Mass.,  in  1720,  and  was  a 
descendant  of  Capt.  Thomas  Brooks,  a  settler  of 
Concord  in  1G30,  who  died  Jlay  22,  1CG7.  With- 
out the  advantages  of  education  he  acquired  a 
valuable  fund  of  knowledge.  It  was  his  practice 
in  early  life  to  read  the  most  ajjproved  books,  and 
then  to  converse  with  the  most  intelligent  men 
respecting  them.  In  1774  he  was  chosen  a  re])re- 
sentative  to  the  general  court,  and  continued 
thirty-seven  years  in  public  life,  being  successively 
a  representative,  a  member  of  the  senate,  and  of 
the  council.  He  took  a  decided  part  in  the 
American  Revolution.  At  the  head  of  a  regiment 
he  was  engaged  in  the  battle  at  White  Plains  in 
1776,  and  distinguished  himself  by  liis  cool, 
determined  bravery.  From  the  year  1801  ho 
secluded  liimself  in  the  tranquil  scenes  of  domestic 
life.  Gen.  Brooks  possessed  an  uncommonly 
strong  and  ]'fnetrating  mind,  and  his  judgment 
as  a  statesman  was  treated  with  resjiect.  He  was 
diligent  and  industrious,  slow  in  concerting,  but 
expeditious  in  jierlbrming  his  plans.  He  was  a 
firm  believer  in  the  doctrines  of  Cliristianity,  and 
in  his  advanced  years  acceiitcd  tiio  oflice  of 
deacon  in  the  church  at  Lincoln.  This  otiice  he 
ranked  above  all  others  which  he  bad  sustained  in 
life. —  Sfennm'  Fun.  Serm.;  C'ulumb.  Centinel, 
Xov.  22,  1806. 

BROOKS,  John,  LL.  T>.,  governor  of  Mass., 
died  March  1,  Wlo,  aged  72.  Ilis  residence  was 
at  Mcdford,  where  he  was  born  in  1752.  His 
father  was  Cajjt.  Caleb  B.,  a  farmer;  and  his  early 
years  wore  spent  in  the  toils  of  a  farm,  with  no 
advantages  of  educatioa  but  those  of  a  town 
school.    At  the  age  of  fourteen  by  a  written  in- 


denture as  an  apprentice  for  seven  years  he  was 
]ilace(l  under  the  tuition  of  ])r.  Simon  Tufts.  At 
this  ])eriod  he  formed  a  friendshi])  with  his  fellow 
student.  Count  Rumtbrd.  AVhile  studung  medi- 
cine he  also  exhibited  a  fondness  for  military 
exercises,  fornihig  the  village  boys  info  coni])aiii('s 
and  training  them.  Commencing  the  practice  of 
])bysic  at  Reading,  he  took  the  command  of  a 
eomjiany  of  minute-men,  for  the  driUing  of  whom 
he  acipiired  some  skill  by  observing  the  trainings 
of  the  British  soldiers  in  Boston.  On  the  news 
of  the  expedition  to  Lexington,  A])ril  19, 1775,  he 
instmitly  marched ;  and,  meeting  the  British  force 
returning  from  Concord,  he  ordered  his  men  to 
place  themselves  behind  the  barns  and  fences, 
and  to  fire  continually  ujmn  the  enemy.  He  soon 
received  the  commission  of  major  in  the  army. 
He  entered  the  service  of  his  country  with  an 
excellent  character  and  a  high  sense  of  moral 
rectitude.  On  the  evening  of  June  IGth  he 
assisted  in  throwing  uj)  the  fortifications  at  Breed's 
hill  i  but  next  morning  being  disjiatched  by  Col. 
Prcscott  with  a  message  to  Gen.  Ward  at  Cam- 
bridge, and  being  obliged  for  the  want  of  a  horse 
to  go  on  foot,  he  did  not  i)artici])ate  in  the 
memorable  battle  of  the  17th  June.  In  1777  he 
was  appointed  lieutenunt-colonel.  He  accompa- 
nied Arnold  in  August,  1777,  against  Col.  St. 
Lcger  on  the  Mohawk,  and  suggested  to  Arnold 
the  successful  jjroject  of  disjiersing  the  Indians  by 
semhng  out  one  Cuyler  to  sjircad  an  exaggerated 
account  of  our  forces.  In  the  battle  of  Saratoga, 
Oct.  7,  at  the  head  of  his  regiment  he  stormed 
and  carried  the  intrenchments  of  the  German 
troops.  In  the  battle  of  Monmouth  he  was 
acting  adjutant-general,  ^^'hen  the  cons])iracy  at 
Xewburg  in  March,  1783,  had  well  nigh  disgraced 
the  army,  Washington  rode  up  to  Brooks  and 
requested  him  to  keep  his  otHcers  within  quarters 
to  prevent  their  attending  the  insurgent  meeting } 
the  rejjly  was,  "  Sir,  I  have  nnticij)ated  your 
wLshes,  and  my  orders  are  given."  With  tears  in 
his  eyes,  Washington  took  him  by  the  hand  and 
said,  "Col.  Brooks,  this  is  just  what  I  expected 
from  you." 

From  the  army  Brooks  returned  to  private  life, 
free  from  the  vices  incident  to  soldiershij),  rich  in 
honor,  esteem,  and  afl'ection,  but  without  property 
and  without  the  means  of  ])roviding  for  his  family, 
excej)t  by  resuming  his  jjrofession.  His  aged 
and  infirm  teacher,  ]  )r.  Tufts,  resigned  his  bushiess 
into  the  hands  of  his  pupil.  For  many  year?-  he 
v.-as  major-generi.1  of  the  militia  of  liis  county, 
and  he  established  excellent  discii)linc,  for  which 
during  the  whole  war  he  had  been  distinguished. 
As  a  member  of  the  convention  he  advocated  the 
adoption  of  the  constitution  of  the  United  Staios. 
By  Washington  he  was  apjiointed  marshal  of  the 
district  and  inspector  of  the  revenue ;  in  the  war 
of  1812  he  was  appointed  adjutant-general  of 


BROOKS. 


nilOOKS. 


143 


ilttssarhusottsby  Gov.  Strnii},',  whom  ho  succcrded 
ns  chii'l'  inii;,'istnitL'  in  ISKi.  Vor  hcvuii  yi'tirs 
micccrtsivc'ly  lie  was  re-clt'Cti-d ;  and  witli  jjicat 
dif^iiity  and  laitlifuhicss  lie  jja'sidt-d  ovi-r  llic 
atlairs  of  the  coinnioiiweultli.  In  IH'JU  hu  rutired 
to  in-ivato  lilb,  heiii^  Nuccicdcd  by  William  I'.ustis. 
]lis  wife  dii'd  niuiiy  years  before.  His  only 
daiif;bter,  Lucy,  the  wile  of  llev.  Geor{;e  (). 
Stuart  of  Kingston,  Upper  Canada,  died  Dee., 
1814  j  and  his  son,  John,  a  lieutenant  in  the  navy, 
of  youthful  beauty  and  generous  enterin'isc,  fell  in 
tlie  battle  of  Lal;e  I'h-ie  Sejit.  10,  1813,  on  board 
I'erry's  ting-ship  Lawrence.  One  son  survived 
him. 

Gov.  Brooks  held  a  high  rank  ns  a  physician, 
lie  was  scientific  and  skilful.  His  manners  were 
dignified,  courteous,  and  benign  j  and  his  kind 
ollices  were  doubled  in  value  by  the  manner 
in  which  he  |)erformed  them.  In  the  oflice  of 
chief  magistrate,  he  labor(;d  incessantly  for  the 
l)ul)lic  good.  His  addresses  to  the  legislature 
manifested  large  and  liberal  views.  No  one  could 
doubt  his  integrity  and  devoted  patriotism.  He 
was  the  governor  of  the  people  ;  not  of  a  jiarty. 
In  his  native  town,  of  which  he  was  the  pride,  the 
citizens  were  accustomed  to  refer  their  disinitos  to 
his  arbitrament,  so  that  lawyers  could  not  thrive  in 
Medford.  In  private  life  he  wa^i  most  amiable 
and  highly  esteemed,  the  jirotector  and  friend  of 
his  numerous  relatives,  and  the  deliglit  of  all  his 
•  '  quaintunce.     The  sweetness  of  his  temper  was 

.need  by  tho  composure  and  comjilacency  of  his 
counenance.  Towards  the  close  of  liis  life,  he 
connected  himself  with  the  church  in  Medford, 
under  the  jiastoral  care  of  D.v.  Osgood.  A  short 
time  before  he  died,  he  said :  "  I  see  nothing  ter- 
rible in  death.     In  looking  to  the  future  I  have 


;aios. 


no  fears.  I  know  in  whom  I  have  believed ;  and 
I  feel  a  persuasion,  that  all  the  trials  appointed 
me,  past  or  jiresent,  will  result  in  my  future  and 
eternal  hajipuiess.  I  look  bark  ujion  my  past  life 
with  humility.  I  am  sensible  of  many  imperfec- 
tions that  cleave  to  me.  I  know,  that  the  pres- 
ent is  neither  the  season  nor  the  place  in  which 
to  beghi  the  prejjaration  for  death.  Our  whole 
life  is  given  us  for  this  great  object,  and  the  work 
of  preparation  should  be  eiu'ly  commenced,  and 
be  never  relaxed  till  the  end  of  oiu-  days.  To 
God  I  can  ajipeal,  that  it  has  been  my  humble 
endeavor  to  serve  him  in  sincerity,  and  wherein 
I  have  failed,  I  trust  in  his  grace  to  forgive.  I 
now  rest  my  soul  on  the  mercy  of  my  adorable 
Creator,  through  the  only  mediation  of  his  Son, 
our  Lord.  O,  ■•.vhat  a  ground  of  hope  is  there  in 
that  saying  of  an  apostle,  that  God  is  in  Christ 
reconciling  a  guilty  world  to  himself,  not  imput- 
ing their  trespasses  unto  them  ?  In  God  I  have 
placed  my  eternal  all  j  and  into  his  hands  I  com- 
mit my  Spirit !  "  To  the  medical  society  he  be- 
queathed liis  hbrary.     Besides  his  valuable  official 


communications  as  chief  magistrate,  he  published 
an  oration  to  Cincinnati  society,  1787;  discourse 
before  the  humane  society,  17!).J  i  eulogy  on  Wash- 
ington, 1800;  di;  course  on  pneumonia,  before  the 
medical  society,  1808. —  Tliwhirx  Med.  lUoij., 
UI2-'J07  ;  h'uwdl's  Miinuir  ;  t'uliiiiili.  Centind, 
.May  18,  18'.'.j. 

lillOOKS,  1*i:ti;ii  Cuaudon,  died  in  Boston, 
Jan.  1,  1810,  aged  82.     A  native  of  Medford,  ho 
opened  an  Insurance  ollice  in  Boston,  hi  1789; 
he  was  very  su'cessful,  and  retired  from  business 
in  1S03,  in  ear.    Ufe,  a  man  of  great  wealth;  yet 
he  was  alterward  ,  for  a  few  years,  the  president 
of  the   New   iMigland  Insurance   Company,  the 
first  comjiany  of  the  kind  hi  the  State.     For  the 
remainder  of  his  long  life,  he  lived  in  summer  in 
Medi'ord,  and  in  winter  in  Boston.     The  ])rineipal 
merchants  with  wliom  he  was  associated  in  busi- 
ness, were   Thomas  Russell,  John  Hancock,  the 
Amorys,  Joseph  Burrell,  S.  Breck,  S.  Brown,  C. 
Bultlneh,    John    Codman,    S.     I'.lliot,    Gardner 
Green,  Stephen  Iligginson,  Tuthill  Hubbart,  John 
C.    Jones,   Theodore   Lyman,   Jonathan   Mason, 
Samuel  I'arkman,  the  Perkins',  the  Phillips',  W. 
Powell,    David    Sears,   and  Joseph   Bussell,   of 
whom  only  the  last  was  living  in  18,'i4.     As  a 
member  of  the  senate  and  chairman  of  a  com- 
mittee, he  did  great  ser\ice  to  the  cause  of  jiublic 
virtue,  by   his  report  on   the   Plymouth  Beach 
Lottery.     It  put  an  end  to  all  grants  of  lotteries 
in  Massachusetts.      It  ajipears  that  the   lottery, 
granted  in  1812,  had  been  conducted  by  the  man- 
agers in  eleven  classes ;  the  result  was,  that  from 
118,000  tickets,  amounting  to  883,000  dollars,  the 
managers  paid  the  town  of  Plymouth  less  than 
10,000  dollars.    The  following  were  his  principles 
in  business :  To  abstain  from  all  speculative  in- 
vestments ;  to  take  no  more  than  the  legal  inter- 
est; and  never  to  borrow  money.     As  a  man  he 
was  highly  resjiected  and  esteemed.     His  three 
daughters  were    married    to   Edward    Everett, 
Charles  F.  Adams,  and  Dr.  N.  L.  Frothingham. 
His  Ufe,  by  E.  Everett,  is  in  "  Lives  of  American 
Merchants." 

BROOKS,  Alex.\xi)ER  S.,  lieut.-colonel,  was 
killed  in  Florida,  Dec.  19,  1836,  by  the  bursting 
of  the  boiler  of  a  steam  iiacket.  A  son  of  Ciov. 
B.,  a  graduate  of  1802,  he  was  in  the  army  of  his 
country  nearly  thirty  years. 

BROOKS,  Maru,  Mrs.,  died  at  Matanzas, 
Nov.  11,  1845,  aged  about  .')()  years.  She  was 
born  in  Jledford;  lived  some  years  in  Boston, 
and  at  last  in  ^lantanzas.  About  1 828  she  visited 
Euroi)e,  and  shared  the  friendship  of  Wordsworth 
and  Southey,  who  superintended  the  publication 
of  her  poem,  Zoi)hiel,  and  pronounced  her  "  the 
most  impassioned  and  imaginative  of  all  poet- 
esses." The  refinement  of  her  taste  has  been 
questioned ;  but  the  reputation  of  her  poems  was 


high. 


144 


BROOKS. 


IIROOKS,  Jamks  fi.,  ])nct  niul  editor,  dird  nt 
Allmny,  Foli.  '20,  IHH,  n^ed  ;J!I.  Horn  nt  Cluvcr- 
ack,  he  jfradunted  nt  I'liion  cnllc^^e  in  1810.  He 
edited  various  pajiers  in  New  York,  Wintliesfer, 
IlochcKtcr,  nnd  Alhaiiy.  He  ])iililislied  Tlie 
IUvuIh  of  Kste,  mid  other  jjoems,  hy  J.  G.  nnd 
Mnry  E.  IJroolis,  IH'JO. 

UU()()^^1,  .lonx,  lieiiteiinnt-^'ovrrnor  of  New 
York  nnd  ])rcNident  of  tlie  .Senate,  was  nn  emi- 
nent merchant,  nnd  for  many  jears  at  tlie  head  of 
various  commercial,  cliaritable,  and  relifjious  insti- 
tutions. In  1777  he  was  a  niemher  of  the  con- 
vention, whicli  framed  the  constitution  of  New 
York.  In  1804  lie  was  elected  lieutenant-gov- 
ernor j  and  lie  died  Aug  8,  IHIO,  nged  82. 

r.ItOUWi;ili;,  John  H.  J.,  a  tculptor  nnd 
painter,  died  in  Newjiort,  11.  I..  Sept.  5,  1K34. 

BKOWX,  ('u.vi)l),  minister  of  rrovldence,  II.  I., 
fled  tliither  from  persecution  in  Mnssachusctts, 
in  1030,  and  hecame  in  Kilt!)  one  of  the  members 
of  the  Haptist  church,  th(  i  formed  by  lloger 
Williams,  wlicn  "Win.  Wickciiden  was  ajipointed 
first  elder.  AVilh  liim  Mr.  lirown  was  associated 
in  the  pastoral  care  of  the  church,  in  1()42.  He 
died  about  ICCj,  and  his  colleague  in  1009.  In 
1792  the  town  of  l'ro\idenco  voted  to  erect  a 
monument  to  his  memory.  His  descendants  for 
nearly  two  centuries  have  been  among  the  most 
distinguished  citizens  of  llhode  Island.  His 
grandson,  James  Brown,  was  a  minister  of  the 
same  church;  and  four  of  the  grandsons  of  James 
have  been  j)atrons  of  Brown  university  j  —  Nicho- 
las ;  Josejih,  L.L.  1).,  who  died  Dec.,  ViSo  ;  John, 
an  eminent  merchant,  who  died  Sejjt.  20,  1803, 
aged  07  ;  and  Moses.  —  Cull.  Hist.  Hoc.  s.  s.  l.\. 
197. 

BROWN,  r.DMUxn,  tlio  first  minister  of  Sud- 
bury, Mass.,  came  i'rom  England  in  1037,  was  or- 
dained Aug.,  1040,  over  the  18th  church  in  !Mass., 
and  died  June  22, 1077.  He  sustained  a  good  char- 
acter, and  was  a  man  of  distinction  in  his  day. 
His  successoi's  were  James  Sherman,  who  was 
dismissed  in  1  70j  ;  Israel  Loring,  who  died 
March  9,  1772,  aged  89;  and  Jacob  Bigelow,  and 
Timothy  Ililliard. 

BROWN,  Joiix,  minister  of  Haverhill,  Mass., 
was  born  in  Brighton,  nnd  was  graduated  in  1714. 
and  ordained  the  successor  of  Joseph  Gardner, 
May  13,  1719.  He  died  Dec.  2,  1742,  aged  40. 
being  greatly  esteemed  for  his  learning,  jiiety, 
and  jirudence,  nnd  was  succeeded  by  Edward 
Barnard.  By  iiis  wife,  Joanna,  daughter  of  Rev. 
Roland  Cotton,  he  had  four  sons,  educated  at 
Camliridge,  three  of  whom  were  ministers ; 
viz.,  John  of  Coliasset,  wlio  graduated  in  1741, 
nnd  died  Sept.  21,  1791 ;  Cotton  of  Brookline, 
who  graduated  in  1743,  and  died  April  13,  17i51 ; 
and  Tliomas  of  Stroudwater,  who  graduated  in 
1752,  and  died  in  1707.  Of  his  three  daughters, 
one  married  John  (Jhipman  of  Marblehcad,  and 


BRO\VN. 

anotlier  Rev.  Edward  Brooks  of  Nortli  Yarmouth 
and  Medford,  fatiier  of  I'eter  C.  Brooks.  Ho 
])ublish('d  a  sermon  on  tiie  death  of  Thnmnii 
SyninicM,   1720, — Ma.in.  J/int.  Cull.  x.  .f.  IV.  142. 

BROWN,  John,  colonel,  a  dktiuguit'hrti  officer 
in  the  Revolutionary  war,  was  born  in  Sandisfield, 
Iterkshire  county,  Mass.,  Oct.  19,  1744.  His 
jiarents  removed  from  AVoodstock,  Conn.,  first  to 
IJrimfield,  then  to  Granville,  and  to  Sandisfield, 
and  last  to  Rutland,  Vt.  After  graduating  at 
Yale  college  in  1771,  he  studied  law  with  Oliver 
Arnold  in  Providence,  and  commenced  the  ])rac- 
tice  nt  Caghiiawaga,  now  Johnstown,  New  York, 
and  was  api)olnted  king's  attorney.  However,  in 
a  short  time,  about  the  year  177.3,  he  removed  to 
I'ittsfield,  where  thei*  was  then  but  one  lawyer, 
Woodbridge  Little. /But  these  two  men  of  the 
law  had  very  dillcr^it  notions  of  natriotiKm.  Mr. 
Brown  was  resolved  to  hazip'd  every  thing  in 
resistance  of  oj)ptession.  Bold  and  prudent  and 
having  a  fine  jjcf  sonal  appearance,  he  wns  selected 
by  the  state  committee  of  correspondence  in 
1774  for  the  linzardous  enterprise  of  going  to 
Canada  to  excite  the  peojjle  to  revolt.  He  went 
in  thes]n-ingof  1774,  and  returned  in  the  autumn, 
and  went  ngain  in  1775.  His  pretence  was  the 
purclinse  of  horses  ;  but  the  Canadians  remarked 
that  he  was  a  singular  jockey,  for  the  horses  never 
suited  him.  Once,  indeed,  the  house  in  which 
ho  lodged  was  assailed  ;  but  he  made  his  escajie. 
He  wns  a  delegate  to  the  provincial  congress, 
Feb.  15,  1775.  Immediately  after  the  battle  of 
Lexington,  some  gentlemen  in  Coiir,ecticut  formed 
the  project  of  taking  Ticoiuleroga  by  surprise. 
Captains  l/lwnrd  Mott  and  Noah  Phelps  of 
Ilartibrd  marched  Ajiril  29th,  privately,  with 
sixteen  unarmed  men.  Arriving  at  Pittsfield, 
they  communicated  the  jjroject  to  Mr.  Brown  and 
Col.  James  Eastoii ;  also  to  Arnold,  who  was 
then  nt  Pittsfield.  These  gentlemen  instantly 
engaged  in  the  affair,  and  led  by  Arnold,  they 
captured  the  fort  of  Ticonderoga,  JIny  10th. 
Mr.  Brown  was  intrusted  with  the  business 
of  conveying  away  the  prisoners,  amounting  to 
100,  and  was  also  sent  as  express  to  the  general 
congress  at  Philadeli)hia,  where  he  arrived  Jlay 
17th.  In  July,  he  and  Allen  were  dispatched 
through  the  woods  into  Canada,  to  assure  the 
Canadians  that  their  religion  and  liberties  should 
not  be  imjiaired  by  the  a])])roaching  army.  On 
the  24th  of  Sept.,  he  took  fort  Chambhy  The 
next  day,  Allen,  who  expected  the  co-opmition  of 
Brown,  marched  ujion  Montreal,  but  was  attacked 
by  a  superior  force,  ai  d  was  taken  prisoner.  As 
this  was  an  expedition  unauthorized  by  any  higher 
authority,  Allen  was  treated  with  great  severity. 

Wliile  Arnold  was  before  Quebec,  Maj.  Brown 
arrived  from  Sorel  and  joined  him  ;  Monfgom- 
ery  had  arrived  two  days  before.  In  the  attack 
on  Quebec,  Dec.  31st,  Maj.  Brown,  with  a  part  of 


/. 


0^  .yii^^ii/^.^^u^ /  /a)  if/ufZFpi-f 


DROWN. 

a  rcfciniP'it  "f  Hoxton  trooj)g,  was  diroctcd  to  co- 
oiicniti',  liy  niiikiii),'  a  false  attack  upon  the  walls 
to  tlio  Houtli  of  .St.  John'H  gate,  and  to  sut  fire  to 
the  (,'atc  with  coinlHistiljlcs,  preijured  for  the  ])ur- 
poNC.  He  executed  his  part  in  tiic  enterprise  j 
Col.  I.iviiifjston,  owinj;  to  the  depth  of  the  snow, 
failed  in  iiis.  In  tiiis  assault,  Moiitf^omery  fell. 
The  conf;rcss,  Aujj.  1,  1770,  voted  him  n  commis- 
sion of  lieutenant-colonel,  with  rank  and  jjay  in 
the  continental  army  from  Nov.,  177o.  In  Dec, 
1770,  he  conducted  n  rcf^iment  of  mihtia  to  fort 
Independence.  After  the  defeat  of  Col.  Baum  at 
Dennington,  in  1777,  he  was  dispatched  by  Oen. 
Lincoln,  from  I'awlet  to  the  north  cntV  of  Lake 
George  with  flOO  men,  to  relieve  (m»  prisoners.  IJy 
marching  all  night,  he  attacked  the  enemy  at 
break  of  day,  Sept.  17th,  at  the  landing,  tlirec 
miles  from  Ticonderoga ;  set  at  liberty  100  of  «»»• 
men  ;  made  prisoners  of  203  j  took  the  landing, 
Mount  Defiance,  Mount  Hope,  the  French  lines, 
and  the  block  house  j  400  battcaux,  an  armed 
sloop,  several  gun-boats,  a  few  caimon,  and  a  vast 
quantity  of  plunder.  His  letter  to  Gates,  Sept. 
18,  described  his  success,  wliich  tended  to  raise 
the  spirit  of  the  troops,  and  to  excite  the  militia 
to  join  their  brethren.  After  this  exploit,  he 
joined  the  main  army.  Li  the  next  month  Bur- 
goyne  was  captured. 

Soon  after  this  event,  Col.  Brown  retired  from 
tho  service,  on  account  of  his  detestation  of 
Arnold.  In  the  campaign  in  Canada,  in  177G, 
he  had  become  acquainted  with  liis  character; 
and  it  is  remarkable,  that  at  this  period,  three 
years  before  the  treason  of  Arnold,  Col.  Brown 
published  a  handbill  of  thirteen  or  fourteen  arti- 
cles against  him,  in  the  height  of  his  Ihmo,  cliarg- 
ing  him  with  levying  contributions  on  the  Cana- 
dians i'or  his  own  private  use  and  benefit,  lie 
said  that  Ai-nold  would  prove  a  traitor,  for  he 
had  sold  many  a  life  for  money.  Tho  j)eoplc  of 
La  Prairie  had  submitted  on  the  promise  of  good 
quarters ;  but  their  village  was  plundered  and 
burnt,  and  lives  were  destroyed.  After  this,  Col. 
Brown  was  enii)loyed  occasionally  in  the  ^lassa- 
chusetts  service.  He  was  chosen  a  member  of 
the  general  court,  in  1778. 

In  the  fall  of  1780,  ho  marclied  up  the  Mohawk, 
for  the  relief  of  Gen.  Schuyler,  but  was  led  by  a 
traitor  into  an  ambuscade  of  Canadian;-.,  tories, 
and  Indians  at  Stone  Arabia,  in  I'alatine,  and  was 
slain  on  his  birth-day,  Oct.  10,  ITKO,  ugcd  30 
years.  Forty-five  of  his  men,  many  of  whom 
marched  from  Berkshire  tlii'  week  before,  were 
also  killed.  Tho^ame  day,  at  Fox's  Mills,  Gon. 
Van  Rensselaer  jlefeated  the  same  jiarty  under 
Sir  John  John/on.  This  force  had  destroyed 
Schoharie.  C6l.  Brown's  daughters  married 
Wm.  Butler, /printer,  Northampton;  and  Dr. 
Hooker  of  Riitland,  Vt. ;  the  former  is  still  living 
at  Northampton,  at  an  advanced  age.  Ills  son, 
19 


BRO>\^. 


145 


Henry  C.  Brown,  was  for  several  jears  the  sheriff 
of  "Hi'rkshire.  AVhen  he  was  in  Albany,  rtn  his  way 
to  St6>je  Arabia,  Col.  Brown  liad  the  ellri(>^.ity  to 
call  ui)otv  Ann  Lee,  then  in  prison,  the  mother  of 
the  Sliakel* ;  and  he  assured  iier,  by  way  of 
j)leasantry,  tl^at  on  his  return  he  siiould  join  her 
society.  Abont  a  fortnight  after  his  death,  two 
grave-looking  Shakers  ]iroceeded  from  All)any  to 
I'ittsfield,  and  ])reH'nted  tiicmselvcH  before  the 
widow  of  Col.  Brown,  ^a\ing,  that  they  came  from 
mother  Ann  with  this  message  to  her,  that  her 
husband  in  spirit,  fince  his  death,  luul  come  and 
Joined  mother  Ann's  company,  and  hid  given 
express  orders  that  his  widow  should  also  join 
the  society.  But  mother  Ann,  with  all  her  art, 
did  not  in  this  case  find  a  dupe.  Mrs.  Brown, 
who  became  the  wife  of  Capt.  Jiired  Inger- 
soll,  and  who  gave  mo  this  narrative,  bid  tho 
stupid  messengers  go  about  their  buvness.  Yet 
this  mother  Ann  is  now  by  multitudes  regarded 
as  a  dirinely  commissioned  teacher  of  true  reli- 
gion and  the  way  to  heaven.  AVhen  will  rational 
men  cease  to  yield  up  their  understandings  to 
gross  and  ])ali)able  imposture,  like  that  of  Ann 
Lee  and  Emanuel  Swedenborg  ?  It  will  never  lie, 
imtil  they  are  willing  to  receive  the  truth  of  Gk^d 
from  his  Word,  and  to  obey  his  commands. -V 
Hist.  ncrksJiire,  119,  122,378;  Amer.  liemevih> 
1770.  p.  4o8 ;  Coll.  Hid.  Sue.  11.  00, 1 17, 197  ;  s.  s. 
II.  240,  243 ;  III.  236. 

BROWN,  Joseph,  professor  of  experimental 
])hilosophy,  in  the  college  of  It.  L,  died  Dec.  3, 
178.J,  aged  52.  He  was  distinguished  for  skill  in 
mechanical  science ;  being  the  first  in  this  coun- 
try to  construct  and  apply  the  British  invention  of 
the  steam  engine. 

BROWN,  NiciioL.iS,  an  eminent  merchant  of 
Rhode  Island,  died  at  Providence,  May  29,  1791, 
aged  01.  He  was  the  grandson  of  James  Brown, 
minister  of  the  liajitist  church,  in  Providence ; 
and  James  was  the  grandson  of  Chadd  Brown,  a 
minister  of  the  same  church,  after  Roger  Wil- 
liams, in  1042.  From  early  youth  his  attcnticm 
had  been  directed  to  mercantile  pursuits,  and  by 
the  divine  blessing  upon  his  diligence  and  upright- 
ness he  acquired  a  very  ample  fortune.  But 
although  he  was  rich,  he  did  not  malie  an  idol  of 
his  wealth.  His  heart  was  liberal,  and  he  listened 
to  every  call  of  humanity  or  science.  The  inter- 
ests of  government,  of  learning,  of  religion  were 
dear  to  him.  He  loved  his  country,  and  rejoiced 
in  'u>r  freedom.  The  public  buildings  in  Provi- 
dence, sacred  to  religion  and  science,  arc  monu- 
ments of  his  liberality.  He  was  an  early  and 
constant  patron  of  the  college.  In  liis  religious 
principles  he  was  a  Baptist,  and  he  was  a  lover  of 
good  men  of  all  denominations.  He  was  not 
ashamed  of  the  gospel,  nor  of  the  poorest  of  the 
true  disciples  of  the  Redeemer.  Ilis  general 
know''  dge,  and  the  firuitfulness  of  his  invention, 


14G 


nuowN*. 


nnowN. 


funiishcd  him  witli  on  iiicxImustiMcriind  of  cnfor- 
taining  convcrsiiiion.  —  Stiltmtiii'.i  Fiiinnil  Ser- 
mon ;    /'irin'ilriicf  (llU, 

UHOU'N,  Ankim.w,  editor  f>f  llio  riiiladclphin 
Oozcttc,  wnn  liiirii  in  licliiml,  iiIhmiI  llic  year  I'll. 
lie  came  to  Aiiicricii  in  ITT.'I,  us  ii  •.olilii'r  in  the 
liritiHh  rf'>,'inicnl  i  Iml  lie  (inittcd  llic  scrxicc,  unci 
settled  in  MasNacliw-rttH.  lie  cnf^ii^'cd  in  tlic 
Amcriciin  cause  at  the  coinniencement  of  flic  war, 
and  displayed  great  courage  in  the  hattles  of  Lex- 
ington and  Hunker^  Jlili.  He  was  also  a  useful 
ollieer  in  the  northern  aniiy  under  (ieneral Gates. 
At  the  elose  of  the  war  he  estalilit-hed  »n  academy 
for  young  ladies  in  I,ancaster,  I'ennsylvania,  on  a 
very  liberal  and  extensive  jilnn.  He  afterwards 
removed  to  I'hilndelphia,  where  ho  piu'sued  the 
same  ohjocti  ''"'  i"  ''''*  employment  did  not  well 
accord  with  a  very  irritable  temper,  ho  relin- 
quished it.  lie  now  establishecl  the  Federal 
Gazette,  the  first  number  '4'  which  was  published 
Oct.  1,  1788.  The  jirosent  govenmient  of  the 
United  States  had  not  then  commenced,  and  liis 
paper  was  the  channel  throiigh  which  some  of 
the  most  intelligent  friends  of  the  constitution  ad- 
dressed the  public.  He  j)ursued  his  task  with  in- 
defatigable industry  ;  but  dilliculties  pressed  upon 
him,  and  he  seemed  to  have  little  prospect  of 
deriving  much  pccutiiary  advantage  from  his 
paper,  before  the  city  was  visited  with  yellow  fe- 
ver in  1793.  As  he  remained  in  I'hiladeliihia 
during  the  ravages  of  the  i>cstilcnco,  and  contin- 
ued his  Gazette,  when  the  other  daily  jiapers 
were  suspended,  he  derived  from  the  circumstance 
an  increase  of  patronage,  which  at  length  re- 
warded his  labors.  His  exertions  were  not  relaxed 
through  his  success ;  but  changing  the  name  of 
his  paper  to  that  of  the  Philadelphia  Gazette,  and 
resolving,  that  it  should  not  bo  devoted  exclu- 
sively to  any  political  sect,  but  should  be  oj)en  to 
discussions  from  every  side,  he  made  it  a  correct 
vehicle  of  important  intelligence.  The  profits  of 
his  establishment  were  now  great,  and  he  was  in 
the  midst  of  prosperity,  when  it  jileased  God  to 
overwhelm  him  with  ruin.  His  house  took  fire 
by  means  of  his  office,  wliich  was  one  part  of  it, 
Jan.  127,  1797,  and  in  an  unsuccessful  attempt  to 
rescue  his  family  from  the  flames,  he  was  so  much 
burned,  that  he  survived  but  a  few  days.  His 
wife  and  three  children  were  next  day  committed 
to  a  common  grave,  and  the  next  Saturday,  Feb. 
4,  1797,  Ms  spirit  followed  them  into  another 
world.  The  only  survivor  of  the  family  was  a  son, 
bom  in  Ireland  o^  a  former  wife,  who  became  one 
of  the  proprietors  of  the  Gazette,  after  the  death 
of  his  father. — Hardies  Biog.  Did.;  Monthhj 
Jlfa/7.,1797,p.  71,  72. 

BROWN,  John,  died  Sept.  21,  1701,  aged  GC, 
the  minister  of  Cohasset  for  forty-four  years.  lie 
was  the  son  of  Itev.  J.  B.,  of  Haverhill,  and  a 
graduate  of  1711.    When,  settled,  he  called  to 


see  an  opjio^er,  who  saiil  he  liked  hii*  pervop,  b'tt 
disa|)proviil  his  |>reacliing.  •' i  agree  willi  mmi,'* 
snid  .Mr,  M.,  "  my  preaching  I  do  not  like  wry 
well  myselfi  but  how  great  a  folly,  that  \i>u  and 
I  should  set  up  our  "pinion  against  tliiit  of  the 
whole  ])arishl"  This  .stroke  of  lnunof  rciuncilcd 
the  opponent.  He  ])ublishcd  a  hernion  on  the 
.  death  of  ])r.  Mayhew,  17(i(i;  also  on  the  deceit- 
fulness  of  the  heart,  and  a  thanksgiving  discoiine. 

IlllOWX,  MosKs,  a  brave  ollicer  in  the  navy  of 
the  Tnlted  Stales,  died  of  an  ajioplectie  lit,  .Ian. 
1,1801,  nged  (i'J  years.  During  tlie  last -18  years 
')f  his  life  he  followed  the  ])rofession  of  a  mariner. 
In  the  Revolutionary  war  his  reputation  gained 
him  the  command  of  seviral  of  the  largest  private 
armed  ships  from  New  England.  In  these  sta- 
tions he  was  zeah)us,  brave,  and  successful.  Ho 
was  engaged  in  several  severe  battles  with  the 
enemy.  When  the  small  American  navy  was 
establishing,  a  number  of  years  afU'r  the  war,  the 
merchants  of  Newburyi>ort  built  a  shij)  by  sub- 
scription for  the  govenmient,  and  obtained  the 
command  of  her  for  C'apt.  Brown.  His  advanced 
age  had  not  impaired  his  skill,  nor  de])rivcd  him 
of  liis  zeal  and  activity.  While  he  commanded 
the  Merrimac,  he  was  as  enterprising  and  success- 
ful as  formerly.  When  the  reduction  of  the  navy 
took  place,  ho  was  dismissed  from  office ;  but  his 
finances  did  not  allow  him  to  retire  from  business, 
and  he  followed  till  his  death  his  accustomed  avo- 
cation.—  N.   E.  Itepertori/,  Jan.  14,  1804. 

BllOWN,  William  Hill,  a  poet,  died  at  Mur- 
frcesborough,  North  Carolina,  where  he  was 
studying  law,  Sept.  2,  1793,  aged  27.  He  wrote 
a  tragedy,  founded  on  the  death  of  Andre,  and  a 
comedy.  His  Ira  and  Isabella  was  published  in 
1807. 

BIIOWN,  Sajiuel,  M.  B.,  a  physician  in  Bos- 
ton, was  the  son  of  an  innkeejjor  of  the  same 
name,  and  was  born  at  Worcester  in  1708.  Ho 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1793;  obtained 
the  degree  of  M.  B.  in  1797 ;  and  died  at  Bolton 
in  Jan.,  1805,  aged  30.  His  wife  was  a  daughter 
of  Dr.  Jeffries.  He  lost  a  brother  by  the  yellow 
fever  of  1798.  Dr.  Brown  was  very  much  re- 
spected, and  promised  to  be  distinguished  in  his 
profession.  He  published  a  dissertation  on  bilious 
malignant  fever,  1797,  and  a  valuable  dissertation 
on  yellow  fever,  which  received  the  jiremium  of 
the  humane  society,  8vo.,  1800 ;  on  mercury,  in 
Medical  Repository,  vol.  vi. 

BROWN,  CiiAULKS  BuocKni^N,  a  distinguished 
writer,  died  Feb.  22,  1810,  aged  39.  He  was 
bom  in  Philadelphia  Jan.  17,  1771.  After  a 
classical  education  under  Robert  Proud,  author  of 
the  history  of  Pennsylvania,  he  was  at  the  age  of 
eighteen  apprenticed  to  a  lawyer,  Alexander 
Wilcox  i  but  his  time  was  chiefly  emj)loyed,  not 
in  the  study  of  the  law,  but  in  various  literary 
pursuits.    Timidity  and  an  hivinciblc  diwlilvc  to 


BliOW'X. 


nuow'N. 


147 


tlic  IfK'-il  l)rnft's«inn  pri-vrnictl  him  from  bcTomlnj- 1  part  of  ]m  litornn-  cnrrer  vm  morr  l.cnrfirini  to 
n  iiu'iiiImt  i>f  the  l)iir.     Hi' |iiit)li><lit'<l  in  l"(l>i  his 
first  uovil,  Wii'limd,  wlii.li  ^  liiiiil  lor  liini  ri'imlii- 


i'as 
a 
■of 
lof 
ler. 
lot 
[ly 
Ito 


tioii !  uikI  in  ITl**!  OrimiDil,  or  tlu-  Kcrrtt  witncmt, 
wliicli  wiiH  IcMH  MucccsKfiil.  Next  fi)lli)\v('tl  Arthur 
Mi'rvjn,  in  which  tiic  rii\n(;cs  of  tiic  yellow  fever, 
wilneshed  liy  tiie  inithor  in  I'hilnlelpliia  and  New 
\ovk,  uie  fiiiliil'iiily  denerllied.  lie  wrot(»  also 
Kd;,'ar  Huntley;  and  in  iNOl  Clara  Howard,  in  an 
epistolary  form,  anil  then  Jane  Talliot  in  IHOl, — 
the  two  hiNt  heinj;  mueh  inferior  to  hin  preeedin^ 
product ioHM.  lie  eondiicted  two  jjeriodic  al  works; 
in  17!)!)  and  IHOO  the  Monthly  Magazine  and 
American  Review,  and  in  IHOo  the  Literary 
Ma^^a/inc  and  American  llcRiKter.  He  al»o  wrote 
three  poUtical  pamphlets.  In  1S()(J  ho  commenced 
the  Hcmi-onnuul  American  Jlcjjistcr,  live  volumes 
of  vvhica  lie  lived  to  jjuhlish. 

Of  a  deliiate  conwtitution,  hin  lungs  in  1800 
gave  clear  indications  that  he  was  in  a  consumption. 
lie  travelled  in  New  Jersey  and  New  York,  hut 
without  hcnclit.  His  wife,  whom  ho  married  in 
1804,  was  the  sister  of  John  U,  Linn.  His  son, 
Euf,'enc  L.,  a  youth  of  great  promise,  die_d  of  the 
consumiition  in  lH2t. 

1 1  •;  novels,  which  were  admired  while  he  lived, 
fell  into  olilivion  al'ter  his  death;  but  after  a  few 
years  they  be^'an  to  be  read  in  England,  and  they 
were  rej)ulili:'hed  in  Boston.  They  j)rosent,  in 
rich  lanfi;uaKe,  varied  incidents  and  powerful 
emotions,  and  the  author  .has  a  wonderful  invention; 
but  his  scenes  are  terrific,  and  the  horrors  of 
crime  are  ojjjiressive  to  the  heart.  As  his  novels 
were  produced  with  great  ra])idity,  they  nrc  all 
deficieiit  in  unity,  and  apinirently  unfinished. 
There  is  no  moral  in  them ;  no  useful  end  was 
projjosed.  Mr.  Urown  wrote  for  amusement,  and 
for  the  indulgence  of  his  diseased  imagination; 
and  his  writings,  like  much  of  modern  literature, 
are  not  tinged  with  the  sj)irit  of  that  holy  religion, 
which  will  at  a  future  day  jjcrvade  the  productions 
of  all  the  learned  of  tho  earth.  He  was  an 
admirer  of  Godwin;  and  by  Godwin,  who  ac- 
knowledged that  he  was  indebted  to  him,  he  was 
regarded  as  a  writer  of  distinguished  genius. 
His  style  is  free  fniui  affectation,  simple  and 
nervous.  "  For  a  large  jjart  of  his  short  life  he 
appears  as  a  sad  enthusiast,  a  sceptical  inquirer,  a 
dissatisfied  observer,  a  whimsical  projector  of 
better  tilings  for  society  than  he  could  ever  bring 
to  j)ass,  or  in  a  calm  moment  wish  to  realize ; 
turning  his  mind  to  various  pursuits  with  rash 
eagerness ;  planning  epics,  studying  arcliitecture, 
forming  literary  associations,  discussing  legal 
questions  with  his  fellow  students,  and  abandoning 
the  profession  of  his  choice  before  he  had  felt 
either  its  vexations  or  excitements,  or  even  framed 
a  tolerable  excuse  for  his  conscience,  or  an  answer 
to  the  jjcrsuasions  of  his  friends.  Such  was  liis 
hurried,  mingled,  undirected  life."     The  latter 


hiniNelf  and  iisctul  to  the  world,  Willi  a  fixed 
and  inipurliinl  (>lijr<l  lielorc  lilm,  and  a  courHe  of 
study,  direited  in  its  hubji  its  and  manner  <  f 
prosecution  by  a  sober  jud^,Miient,  hi»  davs  migbt 
liave  been  prolonged,  and  have  been  passed  in 
comparative  happiness. 

In  INl.j  William  I)iuila|>  published  a  short 
account  of  his  life,  with  selections  from  hisletti  rs, 
manuscripts,  and  i)rintcd  works,  liesides  tlio 
nmgazines  already  mentioned,  and  the  novel*, 
which  were  rei)rinted  at  lloston,  0  vols.,  1N:>7, 
Mr.  Itrown  translated  Volney's  travels  in  the  U. 
S..  IHOl;  and  wrote  a  memoir  of  J.  II.  Linn, 
[jrefixed  to  \'aleri.in,  iSO.j;  address  to  the  gov- 
enmient  of  the  U.  S.  on  the  cession  of  Louli-iiina 
to  the  I'rench,  etc.,  1M03;  the  British  treaty, 
1808;  address  to  congress  on  the  restrictions  of 
foreign  commerce,  etc.,  1801). —  Xnrth  Aiinrinin 
ViVr/cic,  June,  181!);  JJiiryrlaittdiu  Amiii(tiua. 

BltOWX,  S.VMIKI,  11.,  author  of  several  books, 
in  the  war  of  1812  was  o  volunteer  in  the  cor])H 
of  mounted  riflemen,  commaiuled  by  Col.  U.  M. 
Johnson.  He  afterwards  edited  a  newsj)aper  at 
Cayuga,  N.  Y.,  called  the  Patriot,  which  on  account 
of  pecuniary  embarrassment  he  reliiupiished  in 
1815.  He  died  at  Cherry  Valley,  Sej)!.  l.j,  1817, 
aged  42.  He  pubhshed  view  of  the  campaigns  of 
the  northwestern  army,  1814  ;  history  of  the  war 
of  1812,  in  two  vols.;  western  gazetteer,  or 
emigrant's  directory,  1817. 

BROWN,  Cu.\iii.i;s.  M.  1).,  died  at  Harper's 
Ferry  Sept.,  1824.  leaving  a  large  estate  to  the 
l'hiladeli)liia  medic  il  liospital. 

BROW'N,  Ricii.uin,  colonel,  a  Cherokee  Indian, 
died  in  Tennessee  Jan.  -(!,  181H,  aged  4,3,  when 
Gen.  Jackson  was  [iroceeding  against  the  Semhiolo 
Indians.  He  was  one  of  the  Cherokee  delegation, 
ajipointed  to  proceed  to  Wa.shIngton  hi  order  to 
carry  Into  cH'ect  the  olyects  of  a  treaty,  which  the 
nailon  had  made  with  the  United  States.  The 
.\meriean  government  had  not  in  1  .  H  renounced 
and  cast  away  the  obligations  of  sacred  treaties 
with  the  Cherokees,  jiledging  the  faith  of  the 
country  lor  their  protection  witliiu  def  ned  bounda- 
ries. Col.  Brown  was  regarded  by  his  countrymen 
as  a  leader  in  war  and  a  wise  counsellor  in  peace. 
In  every  battle  during  the  Creek  war  he  was  at 
the  head  of  the  Clierokees  under  Gen.  Jackson, 
whose  persoi,  \\  friendship  he  enjoyed.  He  was 
severely  wounded  in  the  action  at  the  Horse 
Shoe.  His  blood  and  that  of  his  countrjmen  was 
shed  for  ungrateful  and  faithless  whites,  determined 
for  the  sake  of  their  lands  to  drive  them  from 
their  l)eautiful  liills  and  valleys  into  the  wide 
plains  of  the  wilderness  beyond  the  Missis.siijj)!. 
Possibly  a  returning  sense  of  right  will  yet  spare 
the  remains  of  the  red  men,  the  original  occupants 
of  our  country,  and  allow  them  to  He  down  in  the 
dust  by  the  graves   of  their  fatliers.     An  old 


148 


nnowx. 


IJIIOWN. 


F.n>(liMh  rlinrfcr  will  Ix'  foimd  a  poor  jimtificatlon 
(if  iiiJuNticu  uiiil  iiiliiiiiiiiiiity  toMardN  ii  Hciik  iiiiil 
di'fi'ncc'li.'Hii  iicojik',  —  Jlutlon  I'ulriot,  Fili.  |H, 
ISIH. 

l!i'{()\V.V,  Ct.AliK,  <lii(l  ill  Williiim  ntul  Mar) 
pdrixli,  Maryland,  where  lie  wan  nii  l'.pi^*('i>|ial 
mii'iHter,  Jan.  I'J,  INI7.  Ill' had  hedi  n  ('oii;,'re- 
({ntidial  inini.ster  in  MacliiaN  in  I'l'Xi,  ami  at 
llrinilit'ld  in  171»H.  ||(>  pnhiishcd  a  Hernion  on 
Noah'M  prophecy  iiN  to  Japhelh,  iso.jj  a  .MaM)i>ic 
Hi'rmon,  IHIJ;  a  vohiine  ol'  Belctt  herinoii!*  wax 
|iiililiNhed  afh'r  his  death. 

UUOWX,  I'ltANCis.  1).  1).,  president  of  Dart- 
mouth rolle},'e,  (iii'd  July  '21,  IN'JO,  af,'ed  .'Hi.  lie 
wnn  horn  at  Chester,  N.  II.,  Jan.  II.  I7HI,  anil 
gra('.iiated  in  IHd.i  at  Dartmoiiih,  where  he  was  a 
tutor  from  lH()(i  to  INO!).  In  January,  IHK).  he 
■wiiK  ordained  the  minister  of  North  Yarmoulh, 
Maine,  as  the  Huceessor  of  'I'riMtram  Ciilnian, 
whose  (laughter  he  inarrlc  d.  Of  Itowdiiin  eohege 
lie  was  an  overseer  and  Iriistee.  In  IHl.j  he  was 
ai)])ointe(l  president  of  l)arlnioutIi  collcf^e.  lU 
died  of  the  eoiismnption.  His  predecessor  was 
l)r.  Whcelock;  his  successor  Dr.  Dana.  "His 
talents  and  learning,  amiahleness  nnd  i)iety 
eniinently  qualilled  him  for  the  Heveral  statiouH 
which  he  filled,  and  rendered  him  highly  useful 
and  ]ioj)ular."  lie  j)ul)lished  several  sermons, 
among  w Inch  are  the  following :  at  the  ordination 
of  Allen  Grecly,  ISIO ;  at  a  fust  on  account  of  the 
war,  1812;  on  the  evils  of  war,  1814  j  hefore  the 
Maine  missionary  society,  1811. — Lord's  Lempr. 
HUOWN,  I1i;njamin,  captain,  a  pioneer  of  the 
West,  died  in  Athens,  O.,  in  Oct.,  1821,  aged  70. 
lie  was  a  jirofessor  of  religion,  much  respected. 
lie  was  born  in  Leicester,  Mass.,  the  son  of  Ca]i- 
tain  John,  and  grandson  of  William,  a  lirst  settler 
of  Hatfield.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  war,  after 
li\ing  in  various  ])laccs.  He  died  at  his  son's. 
Gen.  John  Brown's.  His  descendants  are  numer- 
ou.s.  —  Ilihlreih. 

BKOWN,  CvniARiNE,  a  Cherokee,  died  July 
18,  1823,  aged  23.  She  was  bom  about  the  year 
1800,  at  a  place  now  called  Wills-valley,  in  a  beau- 
tiful i)lain  of  tall  forest  trees,  within  the  chartered 
limits  of  Alabama,  a  few  miles  west  of  the  Geor- 
gia line  and  twenty-five  miles  southeast  of  the 
Tennessee  river.  On  each  side  of  the  valley  rose 
the  Ilaccoon  and  Lookout  mountains.  Her  pa- 
rents were  half-breeds  j  their  mothers  only  being 
full-blooded  Cherokees.  Her  father's  name  was 
Yaunugungyahski,  wliich  means,  "  the  drowned 
by  a  bear ;"  lie  had  also  the  name  of  John  Brown, 
from  liis  father.  Her  mother's  name  was  Tsaluh ; 
she  was  called  by  the  whites,  Sarah  ;  and  before 
she  married  Brown,  she  was  the  wife  of  Webber, 
by  whom  she  had  a  son,  a  man  of  property,  now 
called  Col.  AW'bber.  Catharine's  parents  were 
ignorant  of  the  Engli.sh  language,  and  the  amount 
of  their  religion  was,  that  there  was  a  Creator  of 


the  world,  and  also  a  Aiture  i>tatr  of  rcwardu  end 

pniiisliMii'iilH. 

Ill  iMil  the  MorH\i  ins  eoninieiui  d  anilsfionnt 
Spring-plaee  in  llie  Clierokee  country,  aliiiut  forty 
orlilty  miles  ea.st  of  Wills-vailey  i  sofin  al\(  rwanU 
Uev.  (;i(leoii  Uliiekliiini  made  etforts  for  several 
years  to  establish  a  nhocd  iiinong  the  Cherolxcen, 
In  IMIO  Itcv.  ('\nis  Kingsbury,  eniplou'd  by  the 
.\nierican  iioiird  fur  foreign  niissioiis,  apiearid  at 
a  Cherokd'  eoiineil  and  olilaiiitd  permission  to 
estaliiish  scliools.  He  selected,  as  the  place  for 
the  first  school,  Chickumaiigah,  now  ealled  Ilrain- 
erd,  twenty  or  thirty  miles  north  of  Spriiig- 
)ilace,  within  the  limits  of  'rninessee.  Catharine 
heiird  of  this  school,  and  though  living  at  a  (lis- 
tanee  of  one  Inindicd  miles,  she  became  a  member 
of  it  in  July,  1H17,  lieiiig  then  seventeen  years  of 
age.  She  had  leariud  to  speak  l''.nglisli  by  re- 
siding at  the  house  of  a  Cherokee  friend,  and 
could  read  in  words  of  one  syllable.  Although 
an  Indian  girl  of  comely  features  and  blooming, 
and  although  she  had  been  |jlaced  amidst  many 
temjitatioiiH,  yet  her  moral  deportment  had  been 
always ^'orrect.  She  was  modest  and  gentle,  but 
withal  somewhat  fond  of  displaying  the  ornaments 
of  her  dress.  In  tliree  months  she  learned  to 
read  and  write.  In  Dec,  1817,  she  cherished  the 
hope  that  she  had  exjierienced  the  jiower  of  the 
gosjiel  in  her  heart.  She  was  baptized  Jan.  25, 
1818,  and  admitted  as  a  member  of  the  church 
March  29th.  In  June,  1820,  she  undertook  to 
teach  a  school  at  Creek-path,  near  her  father's. 
For  sweetness  of  temjier,  meekness,  and  gentle- 
ness slie  was  unsurpassed.  To  her  jiarents  she 
was  very  dutiful  and  affectionate.  A  weekly 
prayer  meeting  was  instituted  by  her,  and  she 
was  zealous  to  iii:truct  her  ignorant  neighbors  in 
the  great  truths  of  the  Gospel.  She  formed  the 
purpose  of  jierfecthig  her  education,  that  her  wc- 
fulness  might  be  increased.  But  in  the  spring  of 
1823  her  health  declined,  she  had  n  settled  con- 
sumption, and  it  became  evident  that  her  death 
was  near.  She  said  :  "  I  feel  jierfectly  resigned 
to  the  will  of  God.  I  know  he  will  do  right  with 
his  children.  I  thank  God  that  I  am  entirely  in 
his  hands.  I  feel  willing  to  live,  or  die,  as  ho 
thinks  best.  My  only  wish  is,  that  He  may  be 
glorified."  Having  been  conveyed  about  filly 
miles,  to  the  house  of  her  friend.  Dr.  Camjjbell, 
she  there  died.  She  was  buried  at  Creek-jiath, 
by  the  sitle  of  her  brother,  John,  who  had  died 
the  preceding  year  in  the  triumphs  of  the  same 
faith.  Dr.  Campbell  remarks  :  "  The  Saviour 
seemed  to  be  continually  the  anchor  of  her  hope, 
the  source  of  her  constant  and  greatest  happi- 
ness, and  the  object  of  her  most  ardent  love."  A 
pure  flame  of  benevolence  burned  within  her. 
"  My  heart,"  she  says,  "  bleeds  for  my  poor  peo- 
ple J  I  am  determined  to  pray  for  them  while  God 
lends  me  breath."    If  it  be  asked : 


nnou'N. 


nnowTf. 


14!) 


••  filr •t>IHI,  finrwl  In  f.Ti-t  will, 
WliiTo  •riii,(lil  llijr  Imioi  lliox'  mrnil  ifliinir*'" 

The  niiiwrr  mii«t  1"':  fnun  the  lii'iimn  Dftliiil  Sim 
of  Ili^'lilc'iiiMiit'ftM,  wliicli  is  till'  li;;lil  ot'llif  world  ; 
fi-itin  tliiii  ({InrloiiM  (iiispcl,  wliii'li  it  it  the  iliity  of 
CIirixtiiiMi  til  (•Diiiiimin'ciiic  to  nil  thi'  in'iillirn 
frilH'N  of  ili(>  iMirili.  llcr  cniivcr^ioii  «im  tin- 
nu'iii^i  olllip  cstnliliNliini'iit  lit  n  iiiiNhion  »l  Crrck- 
|iiitli,  mill  of  the  ('oMVl'r^inl|  to  the  liiilh  iiiiil  Iio|ii'n 
of  ('Iiri4i;,iiity  of  licr  fiiilirr  iiiid  of  ino»i  of  licr 
riiniily.  I.ct  miy  moIUt  at  niissioim  foiittin|]|iitc 
tliJH  lovely  chilli  of  the  wildciiU'NN,  won  from  tin- 
jfloom  of  iin^fiuiiNiii  to  tlif  joyoiiH,  lofty  hopes  of 
CluiNliiiiiilj,  mill  tiiiiiiiiiliiii},'  oMT  the  kin>,'  of  ter- 
rorH,  and  then  hmv,  if  he  ean,  that  the  iniKNiiiniiry 
enter|;ri'-e  i.-i  idle,  and  useless,  and  a  waste  of 
money.  An  interestiiiff  tnemoir  of  {'atharine 
lli'own  was  compiled  hy  llufiis  Aiulerson,  assist- 
nnt  Rocrctary  of  the  American  hoard  for  foreign 
missions,  and  pulilifhed  in  IH  ,<,  —  AiKlcraoii'n 
Miitinir. 

JIUOW.V,  Duiii,  a  Cherokee,  a  hrother  of  the 
prceediii;,',  died  iit  ('reek-|  iilh,  Sept.  1  i,  1S2! 
lie  followed  his  sister  to  the  scho  '  at  Itrniiu  -d. 
In  Nov.,  1>S1!»,  he  iissisted  .lohnArch  in  ]irepariiif{ 
o  Cherokee  H])ellinn-hook,  which  was  )irinted.  At 
tlie  school  he  hecamc  convinced  of  hi.'-  sinfulness, 
uiul  embraced  the  snlvaiion  oU'ered  in  the  Gospel. 
In  IN^O,  on  (,'()iii(?  lionie  to  visit  his  sick  f  ■  !.•  r, 
he  immediately  took  his  Hihle  and  hef^an  t  i  rcni* 
and  inter])ret  it  to  hi.s  jiarentH,  exhorting  thcni 
and  others  to  repent  of  their  many  sins  and  to 
become  the  followers  of  Jesiis  Christ.  With  his 
father's  consent  he  maintained  the  worship  of ''iod 
in  the  family.  This  visit  induced  Mr.  IJrown  and 
other  chiefs  to  solicit  the  establishment  of  a  mis- 
Bion  at  Creek-path  town  i  the  school  was  opened 
by  Ucv.  Mr.  Uutrick,  hi  March,  1H2(>.  May  1 1th, 
David  Hrown,  soon  after  be  was  admitted  to  the 
church,  set  out  for  New  England,  to  uttcnd  the 
foreign  mission  school  at  Cornwall,  Conn.,  that 
lie  might  be  prepared  to  preach  the  gosiiel.  His 
visits  to  UoHtoii  and  other  towns  had  a  favorable 
effect  in  exciting  a  mission ■"•y  zeal.  After  pasning 
two  years  at  the  school,  w'  i  l-'iiis  Uoudinot  and 
six  other  Cherokecs,  he  rein...  icd  a  year  at  Ando- 
ver,  enjoying  many  advantogcs  for  improvement. 
In  the  mean  time  his  brother,  John,  hud  become  a 
convert  and  made  a  ;'iol'ession  and  died  in  jicace  ; 
his  ])arents  also  ard  other  members  of  his  family 
had  become  r,iov;.i.  lie  returned  to  them  in  1824, 
having  first  delivered  in  many  of  the  principal 
cities  and  towns  an  address  on  the  wrongs,  claims, 
and  prospects  of  the  American  Indians.  His 
father  had  removed  to  the  Arkansas,  west  of  the 
Mississijipi ;  and  there,  on  his  arrival  at  Dwight, 
.Tuly  12,  he  immediately  engaged  in  efforts  lo  en- 
lighten and  convert  his  countrymen.  "On  the 
Sabbath,"  said  he,  "  I  interpret  English  sermons, 
and  sometimes  preach  myself  in  the  sweet  lan- 


'  (Jimiroof  Tuall.iki  e,"(lhe('lieroker.)  Ilenttrndrd 
I  Indian  rmiiuils  and  was  appointid  the  aeeretiiry 
of  the  Indian  ^'oM'iiinitiit.  Hut  he  noon  revisited 
his  people  on  the  east  of  the  .Missisxippi.  Hi* 
father  died  in  .\rkansas  in  the  autumn  of  |82tl, 
aged  (i.'i,  having  been  a  wiirthy  nutnlier  of  iho 
eliiiich  aliiiiit  ti\e  yiirs,  and  having  I  he  satisfac- 
tion of  Kceiiig  two  sons  and  four  ilaiiglilerN  aUo 
nieniliers  of  the  elMireli.  In  the  spring  of  IH'JO, 
l)avid  llrown  was  taken  ill  and  bled  at  tli(>  liingK, 
lie  wrote,  June  1st:  "On  the  bed  of  sirkiiesN  I 
hove  enjoyed  sweet  cnmmtinion  with  my  Saviour." 
lie  died  lit  the  house  of  llev.  Mr.  Potter,  giv- 
ing ividence  that  he  died  in  the  faith  of  tho 
gospe! 


In  S  |ii  IHi,!,  be  wrote  a  letter,  giving  somo 
iicrouiit  II  the  Cherokecs,  IVoin  wliiih  it  ajijiear* 
that  there  were  then  about  I  1,000  on  the  east  of 
the  Mississipjii,  iiinong  whom  were  1,277  .M'rican 
slaviM.  The  northern  ]iart  of  the  Cherokee  coun- 
try was  mountainous  J  at  the  south  were  extensive, 
fertile  plains,  watered  with  beautiful  streams. 
"These  plains,"  said  he,  "  furnish  immense  pas- 
tiirnge.  and  nurnberlesH  herds  of  cattle  are  dis- 
persed vertheni.  Horses  arc  jilenty.  Numerous 
flocks  ■.  hee]), goats,  and  swine  co\er  the  valleys 
aui  l.il's.  On  Tennessee,  I'staniiin,  and  (ianasagi 
rivds  Cherokee  c  'iimerce  floats.  The  climate  is 
delicious  and  !•  .rbyj  the  hunimers  are  mild. 
Thv"  spruig  clothes  the  ground  with  its  richusC 
scenery.,  Cherokee  flowers  of  exipjisite  beauty 
and  variegated  hues  meet  and  fascinate  the  eye  in 
every  direction.  In  the  plains  and  valleys  the 
soil  is  generally  rich,  producing  Indian  corn,  cot- 
ton, tobacco,  wheat,  oats,  indigo,  sweet  and  Irish 
Ijotatoos.  Apjile  and  jieacli  orchards  are  quite 
common.  IJutter  and  cheese  are  seen  on  Chero- 
kee tables.  Cotton  and  woollen  cloths  are  manu- 
factured  here.  Schools  are  increasing  every  year; 
learning  is  encouraged  and  rewarded.  Our  native 
language,  in  its  ])hilosopliy,  genius,  and  Kymjihony, 
is  inferior  to  few,  if  any,  in  the  world.  Our  sys- 
tem of  government,  founded  on  re])ublican  prin- 
ei])lcs,  by  which  justice  is  ecpially  distributed, 
secures  the  resjiect  of  the  peojile.  The  legisla- 
tive power  is  ves:ed  in  what  is  denominated  'i'sal- 
agi  Tinilawigi,  consisting  of  a  national  committee 
and  council.  Members  of  both  branches  arc  chosen 
by  and  from  the  jieople  for  a  limited  jieriod.  The 
Christian  religion  is  the  religion  of  the  nation." 
The  meaning  of  the  last  assertion  is,  that  Chris- 
tianity was  ajiprovetl,  and  the  propagation  of  it 
encouraged  by  the  national  council,  although 
thousands  yet  remained  in  the  darkness  of  pagan- 
ism. Such  and  still  greater  was  the  progress  of 
the  Cherokecs  toward  civilization,  under  the  sanc- 
tion of  sacred  treaties  with  the  United  States, 
when  the  Georgians,  greedy  for  the  Cherokee 
lands  and  the  Cherokee  gold  mines,  determined 
to  annoy  them  and  compel  them  to  sell  their  little 


ii 


% 


I 


150 


BROWN. 


BROWN. 


remaining  nook  of  territory,  and,  abandoning  the 
graves  of  their  fathers,  to  seeiv  a  new  abode,  of- 
fered them  hy  the  I'niled  States  government  in 
the  wilderness,  west  of  the  MisKiNsi|)j)i.  We,  as  a 
nation,  arc  cliargeahie  with  enormous  injustice 
towards  our  Indian  brethren.  One  thing  is  cer- 
tain, that  ])iiblic  ojjpression  always  cries  to  Hea- 
ven for  vengeance  upon  the  guilty  nation.  Nor 
docs  the  bolt  ever  fail  to  strike  the  guilty. — 
AuderninCs  Memoir  of  C.  Drown;  Missionary 
IIcruM. 

BROWN,  Jacob,  major-general,  died  in  Wash- 
ington, Feb.  2-1,  18L'H,  aged  02.  Ho  was  born  in 
1775,  in  Bucks  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
resided  until  twenty  years  of  age.  Afterwards 
he  lived  two  years  in  Ohio,  engaged  in  surveying 
public  lands.  Settling  in  the  city  of  New  York, 
ho  8uj)erinicndcd  a  large  school  and  commenced 
the  study  of  the  lawj  but  he  soon  relin- 
quished these  ]>ursuit8,  and  emigrated  to  unculti- 
vated lands,  which  he  had  jjurchased  on  the 
borders  of  Lake  Ontario.  He  built  in  the  wilder- 
ness the  first  house  at  Brownville,  which  is  now, 
in  consequence  of  his  adventurous  spirit,  a  flour- 
ishing, beautiful  village.  In  1812  he  was  called 
into  service  as  a  militia  gorioral.  Ilis  arrange- 
ments were  judicious,  and  he  ropulsedan  attempt 
of  the  enemy  against  Ogdensburg.  In  the  sjjring 
of  1813  he  was  invited  by  Col.  Backus,  then  in 
command  at  Sackctt's  harbor,  when  it  was  in- 
vested and  menaced  by  the  enemy,  to  assume  the 
defence.  Gen.  Browi  was  successful,  and  soon 
afterwards  received  an  appointment  of  brigadier- 
general  in  the  regular  army;  early  in  1814  he 
was  appointed,  with  the  rank  of  major-general,  to 
the  command  of  the  army  of  Niagara.  The  four 
principal  incidents  in  the  Niagara  campaign  were 
the  battles  of  Chippewa  and  Niagara,  and  the 
defence  and  sortie  of  fort  Erie.  In  the  two  first 
and  the  last  he  commanded  in  person.  The  army 
crossed  into  Canada  the  morning  of  July  iid,  the 
two  brigades  of  regulars  being  commanded  by 
Generals  Scott  and  Ripley,  and  the  volunteers  by 
Gen.  Porter.  Fort  Erie  was  surprised  and  taken. 
The  battle  of  Chippewa  was  fought  July  5th,  by 
Scott's  brigade,  and  tlie  enemy  were  driven  to 
their  intrenehments ;  the  American  loss  being 
338 ;  the  British  500.  On  the  10th,  Gen.  Brown 
marched  to  (iueenstowii.  Hero,  at  a  conference 
of  officers,  it  was  debated,  whether  the  army 
should  proceed  to  invest  fort  George  or  to  attack 
Gen.  Riall  at  Twelve-mile  creek,  ten  or  twelve 
miles  from  (Jucenstown.  Gen.  Scott  was  in  favor 
of  hivesting  the  fort.  Gen.  Rij)ley  proposed  to 
march  in  tlio  night  with  his  brigade  and  the  artil- 
lery of  ToAvson,  and  attack  Riall  in  the  morning, 
so  as  to  break  him  up  before  ho  should  be  rein- 
forced. He  deemed  it  idle  to  invest  the  fort  with 
iuadcijuute  lurtillery.    Gen.  Porter  and  Cols.  Mc- 


Ree  and  Wood  concurred  with  him  in  opinion. 
But  the  contrary  ojiinion  of  (iens.  Brown  and 
Scott  and  Col.  Gardner  prevailed.  From  the 
ICth  to  the  23d  of  July  the  army  lay  before  fort 
George,  and  retrograd(;d  to  Chijipcwa  on  the 
24th.  The  battle  of  Bridgewater  or  Niagara  was 
fought  with  the  reinforced  enemy  July  25th.  It 
was  commenced  by  Scott's  brigade.  Gen.  Rij)ley 
advanced  to  his  supi)ort,  and  arriving  on  the 
ground  instantly  ordered  Col.  Miller  with  the 
21st  regiment  to  carry  the  enemy's  artillery  by  an 
attack  in  front,  while  he  should  lead  the  other 
regiment  upon  the  Hank  of  the  enemy.  The  bat- 
tery was  token,  and  was  held  by  Ripley  against 
rei)eated  attempts  to  recover  it.  In  the  mean  time 
Generals  Brown  and  Scott  were  woimded  j  and 
late  at  night,  after  a  murderous  contest  with  a 
much  superior  force,  Gen.  Brown  ordered  a  re- 
treat, and  gave  up  the  command  to  Ripley, 
who  returned  to  fort  Erie  and  fortified  it. 
The  British  loss  was  upwards  of  1,000;  the 
American  from  600  to  700.  He  recovered  suf- 
ficiently to  be  in  command  at  the  sortie  from  fort 
Erie  Sej)t.  17th,  when  Gen.  Ripley  was  danger- 
ously wounded.  Fort  Erie  was  evacuated  Nov. 
5th,  and  our  army  returned  to  the  American  side 
of  the  river,  whence  it  had  proceeded  three 
months  before,  having  gained  nothing  but  the 
honor  of  unavailing  victories. 

In  his  official  account  of  the  battle  of  Niagara, 
Gen.  Brown  forgot  to  give  any  praise  to  Gen, 
Ripley,  and  also  censured  him  for  not  attacking 
the  enemy  the  next  day,  to  have  done  which  with 
a  greatly  inferior  force  after  the  retreat,  ordered 
by  Gen.  Brown  the  preceding  night,  would  have 
hazarded  the  safety  of  the  army.  Gen.  Ripley  in 
consequence  demanded  a  court  of  inquiry,  which 
was  sitting  at  1'roy  March  15,  1815,  when  it  was 
dissolved  by  an  order  from  the  department  of 
war,  which  stated  as  reasons :  "  The  congress  of 
the  United  States  having  ajjjjroved  his  conduct  by 
a  highly  complimentary  resolve,  and  the  President 
being  pleased  to  exjjress  his  favorable  opmion  of 
the  military  character  of  Gen.  Ripley."  A  gold 
medal  Was  voted  by  Congress  to  Gen.  Brown,  and 
also  to  Generals  Rijjley,  Miller,  Porter,  Scott, 
Gaines,  Macomb,  Jackson,  Harrison,  and  Shelliy. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  he  and  Gen.  Jackson 
were  retained  in  the  service  as  the  major-generals 
of  the  army ;  and  in  1821  he  was  left  in  the  sole 
command.  From  that  time  he  resided  in  the  city 
of  Washington,  where  he  died,  leaving  a  largo 
family. — Brackenridge's  Hist.  War;  llulmes,  li. 
4Gi;'N.  Y.  Stafesmati,Feh.2S,lS'28;  Halt.  Pat- 
riot, June  17,  1815;  Fads  relative  to  the  Cam- 
paign of  the  Niagara. 

BROWN,  David  L.,  a  teacher  in  painting  and 
drawing,  died  in  Boston  Dec.  18,  1836,  aged  85, 
formerly  of  London. 


BUOAVX. 


BROWNE. 


151 


BllOWN,  Sypiiax.  n  sluvp,  died  Mnrcli .',  IRIO. ' 
aged  11,»  years  and  I  inontlis.     Ho  was  loii;^  tlie 
jjersoiial  Kcrvant  of  John  Uundolph,  of  Muttoax,  | 
the  father  of  J.  ]{.  of  Itoanoke.  I 

BROWN,  Oi.ivi-n,  died  at  Iladdam  Feb.  H. ! 
18j3,  aged  74,  a  graduate  of  Harvard  in   180 1.  ' 
lie  was  cliaplain  to  the  State  jjrison  of  Massachu- 
setts; then  missionary  to  Rliode  Ishuid,  sent  by 
the  society  for  tiie  difiusion  of  knowledge.     He 
organized  a  church  in  South  Kingston,  and  was  I 
the  minister  of  it  fifteen  years,  and  was  at  last  the 
minister  of  Grassy-hill,  in  Lyme. 

BROWN,  JoiLN,  I).  1).,'  minister  of  Hadley, 
died  March  22,  1840,  aged  03.  Bom  in  Brook- 
lyn, Coiui.,  ho  graduated  in  1809  at  Dartmouth, 
and  was  seventeen  years  a  minister  in  Cazenovia, 
N.  Y.,  and  two  years  in  I'ine  street,  Boston,  and 
eight  years  in  Hadley.  —  UosVin  Recorder,  July 
10  ;  Ob.irri'cr,  July  18,  1840.. 

BROWN,  Bautiiolojuav,  died  in  Boston  April 
14,  1854,  aged  81.  He  was  born  in  Sterling  Sept. 
8,  1772,  and  graduated  in  1709.  He  was  a  latt- 
yer  in  Sterling  and  East  Bridgewater,  and  had 
lived  in  Boston  ton  years.  Having  great  skill  in 
music,  he  edited,  about  twenty  years,  with  Judge 
Mitchell,  the  Bridgewater  collection  of  church 
music,  which  was  highly  esteemed,  in  which  were 
many  pieces  of  his  composition.  For  fifty-nine 
years  he  wrote  the  calendars  in  Thomas'  Farmer's 
almanac. 

BROWN,  Moses,  died  at  Providence  Sept.  G, 
1836,  aged  nearly  98.  lie  was  bom  Sept.  23, 
1738,  and  was  the  youngest  of  four  brothers: 
Nicholas,  Josejjh,  and  John  were  also  enterprising, 
remarkable  men.  They  founded  Brown  univer- 
sity. His  early  years  were  spent  in  the  family  of 
his  uncle  Obadiah,  a  wealthy  merchant,  whose 
daughter  he  married  in  1704.  In  17C3  he  en- 
gaged in  commercial  pursuits  with  his  brothers, 
but  retired  from  business  in  ten  years.  liOsing 
his  three  children,  he  was  taught  to  seek  his  hap- 
pincss  more  entirely  in  God.  He  was  a  Baptist 
till  1773,  when  ho  became  a  Friend.  In  that  year 
he  liberated  his  slaves,  and  was  one  of  the  found- 
ers of  the  abolition  society  of  Rhode  Island ;  he 
was  also  a  supporter  of  the  Bible  and  j)eacc  socie- 
ties. His  will,  made  at  the  age  of  90,  evinced  his 
desire  to  ])romote  the  cause  of  education,  ])liilun- 
thropy,  and  religion. 

BROWN,  Nicholas,  was  bom  in  Providence, 
April  4,  1769,  was  educated  at  the  college,  and 
died  Sept.  27,  1841,  aged  72.  His  ancestor, 
Chad.  B.,  was  the  assistant  of  R.  Williams  in 
foundnig  the  colony  of  Rhode  Island.  His  father, 
Nicholas,  and  his  father's  three  brothers  were  the 
benefactors  of  the  college,  as  was  also  N.  B.,  and 
also  his  only  son,  John  Carter  Brown.  Hence 
may  be  seen  the  propriety  of  the  name  of  Brown 
University.  He  founded  a  professorship  of  ora- 
tory and  elected  Hope  college,  so  called  from  his 


sister  IIojic,  and  is  to  bo  honnro<l  for  other  acts 
of  nuinificoncc.  His  lifo,  l>y  C.  King,  is  in  the 
Lives  of  .\morican  merchants. 

BROWN,  Janios.  diod  in  I'liiladolphia  April  7, 
183j,  aged  73.  Born  in  Virginia,  lie  settled  as  a 
lawyer  in  Tennessee,  then  in  Natchez  and  New 
Orleans.  He  was  U.  S.  attorney,  a  member  of 
the  senate  in  1812,  minister  to  I'rance  in  1823. 
He  had  lived  a  few  years  in  I'liilndelpbia. 

BROWN,  MATniKW,  D.l).,  died  July  29, 1853, 
at  the  house  of  his  son-in-law.  Dr.  Riddle,  of 
I'ittsljiirgli,  aged  77.  He  was  long  president  of 
JefVerson  college,  Pennsylvania,  extensively  knovim 
and  esteemed. 

BROWN,  OUAIHAII  B.,  died  in  Washington 
May  2,  18j2,  aged  72,  ])astor  of  the  first  Baptist 
church  from  1807  till  18,J0. 

BROWN,  Jamks,  died  in  Watcrtown,  Mass., 
March  10,  1805,  oged  00  j  a  distinguished  book- 
seller of  the  house  of  Little,  Brown  it  Co.  in 
Boston.  He  was  skilled  in  l)il)liography,and  was 
a  student  in  various  sciences.  He  was  at  the  head 
of  American  ])ublishers.  A  jiart  of  his  library 
he  bequeathed  to  the  Boston  natural  history  so- 
ciety. Of  large  ])roperty,  he  was  a  man  of 
becoming  hosj)itality. 

BROWN,  T.  S.,  major,  died  in  Naiiles,  Italy, 
June  30,  1800.  A  nephew  of  Gen.  J.  Brown,  he 
graduated  at  West  I'oint.  The  N(;w  York  and 
Erie  Railroad  was  constructed  mainly  under  his 
direction  as  engineer-in-cliief.  In  Dec,  1849,  he 
went  to  Russia  as  consulting  engineer  of  the  St. 
Petersburg  and  Moscow  railroad. 

BROWNE,  AivniUR,  an  F.]iiscoj)al  clergyman 
at  Portsmouth,  died  at  Cambridge  June  10,  1773, 
aged  73.  He  was  a  native  of  Drogheda  hi  Ire- 
land, and  was  the  son  of  Rev.  John  Browne. 
He  was  educated  at  Trinity  college  hi  Dul.lin,  and 
received  the  degree  of  master  of  arts  in  1729. 
Being  ordained  by  the  Bishop  of  London  for  a 
society  in  Providence,  Rhode  Island,  ho  went  to 
that  place,  and  remained  there  till  the  year  1730, 
when  ho  removed  to  Portsmouth.  He  was  the 
first  incumbent  of  the  church,  consecrated  in 
1734.  Ho  received  a  salary  of  70  ]jounds  as  a 
missionary  from  the  society  for  pro])agating  the 
gospel  in  foreign  parts,  and  continued  in  this 
station  till  his  death.  His  wife,  Mary,  was  the 
daughter  of  Thomas  Cox,  D.  1).,  of  Drogheda. 
Of  his  children,  Maraiaduke,  a  clergyman,  died 
at  Newport  about  1771  j  Jane  married  Samuel 
Livermore;  Ann  married  Mr.  Saint  Loe,  a  Brit- 
ish officer.  His  church  ascribed  to  him  "good 
conduct,  a  most  noble  and  benevolent  disposition, 
excellent  preuehiiig,  sound  doctrines,  and  good 
oratory."  He  j)ul)lished  a  sermon  on  the  excel- 
lency of  the  Christian  religion,  1738;  at  the 
execution  of  Penelope  Kenny,  1739 ;  on  the  re- 
bellion in  Scotland,  1740 ;  to  tlio  free  masons, 
1748;  on  the  fast;  on  the  doctrine  of  clectioiii 


152 


BROWNE. 


BRUEX. 


1757  i  rcmarku  on  Mnylu'w's  rctlcctlons  on  the 
church  of  Knfjland,  170.'}.  —  Aldin'.i  nrroiint  of 
Fortsmiivth  ;  Coll.  Hint.  Sue.  x.  o~,oH,  70. 

lUlOWNE,  AuTlll'R,  I,L.  1).,  khif,''s  ])rofcsNor 
of  Greek  ui  Trinity  collcfjc,  ])u1)liii,  (lied  iti 
1805,  lie  was  the  son  of  Maniiaduke  Drowiic, 
rector  of  Trinity  Churcli,  Xcwjjort,  llliodc 
Island.  lie  enjoyed  in  early  life  the  advan- 
tages of  a  school,  estabh.shcd  in  Xew])ort  by 
Dean  Berkeley,  and  was  distinj^uished  by  his 
talents,  industry,  and  strong  desire  of  iin])roving 
his  education  in  some  Euro])ean  university.  To 
gratify  this  desire,  his  father  went  to  Ireland  to 
make  jjrovision  for  entering  his  son  at  Trinity 
college ;  but,  after  having  ellected  his  object,  ho 
died  soon  after  his  return,  in  conseciucnee  of  his 
sufferings  during  a  tedious  voyage  of  three 
months.  His  son,  who  went  to  Ireland  in  1771 
or  1772,  continued  during  the  remainder  of  his 
life  connected  with  Trinity  college,  and  was  the 
idol  of  the  students.  He  was  j)rofcssor  of  civil 
law  in  the  university,  and  its  rejiresentative  in  the 
Irish  house  of  commons.  I  lis  great  jjowcrs  of 
mind  he  improved  by  incessant  study  and  by 
intercourse  with  the  most  distinguished  scholars 
and  the  most  able  and  virtuous  statesmen  of  his 
day.  He  was  always  a  champion  of  the  people. 
He  published  a  conii)endious  \iew  of  civil  law, 
being  the  substance  of  a  course  of  lectures  read 
in  the  university  of  DubUn,  together  with  a  sketch 
of  the  practice  of  the  ecclesiastical  courts,  and 
some  useful  directions  for  the  clergy;  Hussen 
O'Dil,  or  beauty  and  the  heart,  an  allegorical 
poem,  translated  from  the  Persian  language ;  and 
miscellaneous  sketches,  in  2  vols.,  8vo.  This 
last  work  is  written  after  the  manner  of  Mon- 
taigne.— Monthly  Anthology,  li.  559-502. 

BROWNE,  John,  died  at  Frankfort,  Ky.,  Aug. 
28,  18.37,  aged  80,— a  senator  1792-1805. 

BRUCE,  David,  a  Moravian  missionary,  died  in 
Litchfield  county,  Ct.,  in  1749.  The  Indians  of  the 
Mohegan  stock,  with  whom  he  was  sent  to  reside 
in  'he  same  year,  had  received  some  instruction 
from  Buttiier,  Ranch,  and  other  missionaries  at 
the  neighboring  station  of  Shacomaco  in  the  State 
of  New  York.  He  lived  in  the  house  belonging 
to  the  brethren,  called  Gnadensee,  in  the  village 
of  Wachquatnach,  on  the  River  Iloussatonnoc  in 
Cornwall  or  Sharon.  Mr.  Sergeant,  ten  years 
before,  had  been  visited  for  instruction  in  religion 
by  a  comjjany  of  Indians  from  the  same  place, 
which  he  writes  AVukhquautenauk,  distant  from 
Stockbridge  about  twenty-eight  miles.  Bruce 
also  Uvcd  occasionally  amongst  the  Indians  at 
Pachgatgach,  which  perliaps  was  Pauquaunuch  at 
Stratfield,  or  with  greater  jjrobability  a  settlement 
on  the  Iloussatonnoc  in  the  interior  of  Connec- 
ticut, either  at  Derby,  or  New  Milford,  or  Kent. 
Mr.  Brainerd  in  1743  visited  some  Indians,  living 
at  Scaticoke,  five  or  six  miles  from  New  Milford, 


and  preached  to  them.  There  was  still  another 
village,  which  the  Moravians  visited,  called  Potatik, 
])rol)ably  the  same  as  Poodatook,  on  the  river  at 
Newtown.  As  Bruce  was  dying,  he  called  the 
Indian  brethren,  and,  jjressing  their  hands  to  his 
breast,  entreated  them  to  remain  faithful  to  the 
end.  He  was  succeeded  by  Buninger. — Loxkiel'* 
Ifistory,  11.  115;  IJraiuerd'a  LiJ'e,6!i;  Hopkina' 
//ounfKitotmic  Indians,  75. 

BRUCE,  Arciiibalu,  M.  D.,  a  physician  of 
New  York,  died  Feb,  22, 1818,  aged  40.  He  wai 
bom  in  that  city  hi  Feb.,  1777.  His  mother,  the 
daughter  of  Nicholas  Bayard,  was  the  widow  of 
Jeremiah  Van  Rensselaer.  His  father,  William 
Bruce,  the  head  of  the  medical  department  in  the 
British  army  at  New  York,  was  very  soUcitous 
that  he  should  not  become  a  physician.  After 
the  death  of  his  father  he  was  educated  at 
Columbia  college,  where  he  was  graduated  in 
1795.  The  medical  lectures  of  Dr.  Nicholas 
Romayne  gave  him  a  taste  for  the  study  of 
jjhysic.  He  afterwards  became  the  pupil  of  Dr. 
Hosack.  In  1798  he  repaired  to  Europe,  and  in 
1800  obtained  a  medical  degree  at  Edinburgh. 
During  a  tour  of  two  years  in  France,  Switzerland, 
and  Italy,  he  collected  a  valuable  mineralogical 
cabinet, — his  taste  for  the  science  of  mineralogy 
having  been  acquired  while  he  was  a  pupil  of  Dr. 
Hosack,  who  brought  to  this  country  the  first 
cabinet  of  minerals,  and  in  arranging  it  called  for 
the  assistance  of  liis  pupil,  Bruce.  lie  married 
in  London,  and  came  out  to  New  York  in  1803. 
About  the  year  1807  he  was  appointed  j)rofessor 
of  materia  medica  and  mineralogy  in  the  college 
of  physicians  and  surgeons  of  New  York.  Upon 
the  re-organization  of  the  college  in  1811  he  was 
superseded  by  the  appointment  of  others.  Intes- 
tine feuds  were  alleged  as  the  cause  of  the 
changes  made.  Dr.  Bruce,  in  connection  with  his 
I'riend  Romayne  and  other  gentlemen,  established 
ibr  a  while  a  rival  medical  faculty.  In  1810  hi! 
commenced  the  journal  of  American  mineralogy; 
but  he  published  only  one  volume.  His  work 
was  followed  by  Silliman's  journal.  After  rejieated 
attacks  of  severe  indisposition  he  died  of  the 
apojjlexy. —  Thacher's  Med.  Bioy.;  Silliman'a 
Joniiiul,  I.  II. 

BRUEN,  Matthias,  a  minister  in  New  York, 
died  Sept.  6,  1829,  aged  36  years.  Ho  was  a 
descendant  of  an  early  settler  of  New  England, 
and  was  born  at  Newai'k,  N.  J.,  April  11,  1793. 
He  dated  his  renovation  of  mind  by  the  Divine 
Sj)irit  at  the  age  of  eighteen.  After  graduating 
at  Columbia  college  in  1812,  he  studied  theology 
with  Dr.  Mason.  In  1816  he  travelled  in  Europe 
with  his  distinguished  i)receptor.  About  the 
beginning  of  1819,  being  invited  to  preach  in  the 
American  chapel  of  the  oratory  at  Paris,  he  was 
ordained  iu  London,  and  then  passed  si.x  month* 
at  Paris.    In  1822  he  was  employed  as  a  mission- 


DRY. 


DRYANT. 


153 


arj-  in  the  cify  of  New  York,  but  refused  to 
receive  uny  comix-nsation.  Duriiiff  his  labors  he 
collected  the  IJleccker  street  confjrofjation.  Of 
this  i)eo])lc  he  became  the  stated  jiastor,  and  con- 
tinued such  till  his  death  by  inflammation  of  the 
bowels. 

Mr.  Bruen  engaged  earnestly  in  various  benevo- 
lent institutions.  lie  was  agent  and  corres])ond- 
ing  secretary  of  the  domestic  missionary  society : 
and  when  it  was  changed  into  the  American 
home  missionary  society,  lie  still  assisted  by  his 
counsels.  Bii)le,  Sunday  school,  tract,  and  foreign 
mission  societies  engaged  his  efforts ;  and  in  the 
Greek  cause  he  cheerfully  co-ojierated.  lie  was 
accomplished  in  manners,  in  literature,  and  in  the 
knowledge  of  mankind.  Though  he  had  high 
and  honorable  feelings,  abhorring  everything  mean, 
yet  he  had  humble  views  of  his  o^vn  acquisitions, 
intellectual  and  moral.  All  his  distinctions  he 
laid  at  Ills  Master's  feet.  In  the  last  week  of  his 
life  he  suffered  extreme  pain.  It  was  a  sudden 
summons  to  depart;  yet  he  was  calm  and  resigned. 
"  I  die,"  said  he,  "  in  peace  and  love  with  all  men." 
Thus,  after  embracing  liis  wife  and  two  babes,  and 
most  impressively  addressing  his  relatives,  he  fell 
asleep  in  Jesus. 

"  lie  Iny,  and  a  omile  \ns  on  bin  face ; 
Affection  over  him  bent,  to  trace 
Tiio  toliea  Mercy  liad  left,  to  tcU 
Tliiit  witli  tlic  spirit  all  was  well. 
It  wa«  the  smile  that  marks  tlie  Ijlcst ; 
It  tolil,  that  ill  hoiH'  he  had  sunk  to  rest 
Of  a  joyful  risiiijr,  after  his  sleej). 
No  more  to  suffer,  no  more  to  weep." 

He  published  a  sermon  at  I'aris  on  the  death  of  a 
lady  of  New  York ;  and  sketches  of  Italy.  — 
Cox's  and  Skinner's  Sermon ;  llomc  Mifigionanj 
Mdiiazine;  Iloston  Rccorilcr,  Nov.  11,  1829. 

IJIIY,  TiiK0l)0j{i-.  I)E,  published  coUectiones 
perigrinaniium  in  Indian)  orientalem  et  occiden- 
talem.     Aiuorica,  partes  13,  years  lij'JO-l.VJ!). 

BRYAN,  Gi:()UfiK,  a  judge  of  the  supremo 
court  of  Pennsylvania,  died  Jan.  28,  1791,  aged 
GO.  lie  was  the  eldest  son  of  an  ancient  and 
respectable  family  in  Dublin,  Ireland,  in  his  ode 
on  wliich  country,  Southey  exclaims  with  some 
reason : 

"  0  land,  profuse  of  genius  and  of  worth." 

lie  came  to  this  country  in  early  life,  and  lived 
forty  years  in  l'hiladel])hia.  At  first  he  engaged 
exten.sively  in  commercial  business  ;  b\it  it  jjleased 
the  wise  l)isj)oser  of  events  to  defeat  his  jdans, 
and  reduce  liim  to  a  state  of  coini)arative  jioverty. 
lie  afterwards  lived  more  in  accordance  with 
ancient  simplicity,  lie  was  an  active  and  intelli- 
gent man.  I'reviously  to  the  Revolution  ho  was 
introduced  into  public  emijloyments.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  congress  which  met  in  ViiSo  for 
the  puri)ose  of  remonstrating  against  the  arbitrarj' 
measures  of  Great  Britiiin.  In  the  war,  which 
followed,  he  took  an  open  and  active  part. 
20 


.\fter  the  Declaration  of  Indejiendencc  he  was 
vice-president  of  the  supreme  executive  council 
of  I'ennsylvania,  and  on  the  deatli  of  President 
Wharton  in  May,  1778,  ho  was  |)laced  at  the 
head  of  the  government.  When  his  office,  by 
the  limitation  of  the  constitution,  expired  in  the 
autumn  of  1779,  he  was  elected  a  mpmi)er  of  the 
legislature.  Here,  amidst  i'  i'  tumult  of  war  and 
invasion,  when  every  one  was  trembling  for  him- 
self, his  mind  was  occujaed  by  the  claims  of  hu- 
manity and  charity.  He  at  this  time  jilanned  and 
comjileted  .in  act  for  the  gradual  abolition  of 
slavery,  wliieb  is  an  imperishable  monument  to  hia 
memory.  He  thus  furnished  evidence,  that  in 
ojjposing  tl.e  exactions  of  a  foreign  power  he  was 
opposing  tyranny,  and  was  really  attached  to  the 
cause  of  liberty.  In  1780  he  was  ai)])ointed  a 
judge  of  the  supreme  court,  in  which  station  he 
continued  during  the  remainder  of  his  life.  In 
1784  he  was  elected  one  of  the  council  of  censors, 
and  was  one  of  its  principal  members  till  his 
death.  When  the  subject  of  the  constitution  of 
the  United  States  was  discussed,  he  was  consjnc- 
uous  in  the  ranks  of  the  oi)])()sition.  He  died  at 
Philadeljihia  in  the  year  1791. 

Besides  the  offices  already  mentioned.  Judge 
Bryan  engaged  in  vai'ious  of  public,  literary,  and 
charitable  em])loyments.  I'ormed  for  a  close  ajv 
plication  to  study,  animated  with  an  ardent  thirst 
for  knowledge,  and  blessed  with  a  memory  of 
wonderful  tenacity,  and  a  clear,  penetratiiig,  and 
decisive  judgment,  ho  availed  him-ielf  of  (he  la- 
bors and  acquisitions  of  others,  and  brought  honor 
to  the  stations  which  he  occupied.  To  his  other 
attainments  he  added  the  virtues  of  the  Christian, 
lie  was  disthigiiithed  by  his  benevolence  and  sym- 
jiathy  with  the  distressed ;  by  an  unaffected  hu- 
mility and  ni'idet-ty ;  by  his  readiness  to  forgive 
injuries ;  and  by  the  inlloxiule  integrity  of  his 
conduct.  He  wars  superior  to  the  frowns  and 
lilandisbments  of  the  world.  Thus  eminently 
(|ualilled  lor  the  various  public  offices,  in  wliich 
he  was  ],laced;  he  was  faithful  and  humble  in 
discharging  their  duties,  and  he  filled  them  with 
dignity  and  reputation  in  the  worst  of  times,  and 
in  the  midst  of  a  torrent  of  unmerited  obloquy 
and  opposition.  Such  was  liis  disinterestedness 
and  liis  zeal  for  the  good  of  others,  that  lus  own 
interest  seemed  to  be  overlooked.  In  the  admin- 
istration of  justice  he  was  impartial  and  incor- 
)'U|)tible.  He  was  an  ornament  to  the  profession 
of  Christianity,  wliich  he  made,  the  delight  of  his 
connections,  and  a  public  i)lessing  to  the  Stale. 
By  liis  death  reUgion  lost  an  amiable  exanij)le, 
and  science  a  steady  friend. —  Ewinij's  Funeral 
Sermon;  American  Museum,  l.\.  81-8K;  Dun- 
laji's  Amcr.  Advert iner. 

BRYANT,  Lkmi'ix,  minister  of  Braintrce,  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  17.'i9.  He  (fied 
j  at  Hingham  in  1704,  and  was  buried  at  Scituate, 


i 


4: 


154 


BRYANT. 


BUCKMINSTER. 


l)robably  because  he  was  a  native  of  that  place. 
John  AdaniN  Rpcoks  of  a  controversy  between 
Mr.  B.  and  Miles,  Porter,  Bass,  &.c.,  "which 
broke  out  like  the  eruption  of  a  volcano  and 
blazed  with  portentous  asi)ect  for  many  years." 
lie  ])ublisli("l  a  sermon  on  moral  virtue,  1747 ; 
remarks  on  Mr.  Porter's  sermon,  17.50. 

BRYANT,  Solomon,  an  Indian  minister,  died 
May  8,  1775,  aged  80.  lie  was  ordained  at 
Marshpee,  Mass.,  soon  after  the  resignation  of  Mr. 
Bourne  in  "'42,  and  he  preached  to  his  red 
brethren  in  tlie  Indian  dialect.  He  was  a  sensi- 
ble man  ai  1  a  ^ood  minister,  but  not  sufficiently 
prudent  in  the  •  .iraission  of  members  and  rather 
deficient  i.:  economy.  After  his  dismission,  occa- 
sioned by  some  dissatisfaction  on  the  part  of  the 
Indians,  he  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  llawley  in 
1758.  It  seems,  however,  that  his  labors  were 
not  entirely  interrupted,  for  Mr.  Hawley  wrote 
concerning  him  in  1760:  "He  grows  better  as 
he  grows  older.  He  is  near  66  years  of  age, 
has  been  a  preacher  more  than  forty,  and  con- 
tinues in  his  usefulness  to  this  day."  Joseph 
Bryant,  alsoan  Indian  minister  at  Marshpee,  or  in 
that  neighborhood,  died  April  25, 1759.  In  1098 
John  Bryant  had  been  Lidian  teacher  at  Acush- 
net  five  or  six  years.  —  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  ill. 
191;  X.  180;  s.  s.  III.  IG. 

BRYANT,  Pkteu,  M.  D.,  a  respected  physi- 
cian of  Cummington,  died  in  1820,  aged  52.  Ilis 
widow,  Sarah,  the  sister  of  Rev.  Dr.  Snell  of 
Brookficld,  died  in  1847.  In  the  poems  of  liis 
son,  William  C.  Bryant,  there  is  oi;  allusion  to 
him  —  in  the  hymn  to  death. 

BRYANT,  James  C,  missionary  to  South 
Africa,  died  at  Inanda  Dec.  23,  1850.  From 
1840  to  1846  he  was  the  minister  of  Littleton, 
Mass.  He  sailed  for  Africa  in  April,  1846.  lie 
died  in  great  peace.  Mrs.  3.  survived  him.  He 
had  made  various  translations  into  the  Zulu  lan- 
guage. His  character  is  deeciibed  in  the  Miss. 
Herald  of  1851. 

BRYSON,  John,   died  in  1855,  aged  98,  in 
Northumberland  co.,  Penn.    He  studied  theology  | 
with  the  blind  Dr.  AVaddcU.    He  was  the  pastor , 
of  Warrior's  run  and  Cliillisquaqua,  from  1790  to 
1841. 

BUCHANAN,  Thomas,  governor  of  Liberia, 
died  at  Bassa  Sept.  3,  1841,  in  the  prime  of 
life.  He  was  a  man  of  liigh  character  and  use- 
fulness. 

BUCHANAN,  John,  died  near  Williamsport, 
Md.,  Nov.  4,  1844,  aged  70,  chief  judge  of  the 
court  of  appeals. 

BUCHANAN,  James,  died  near  Montreal  Oct. 
1851,  aged  80.  He  was  British  consul  at  New 
York.  He  published  sketches  of  North  Ameri- 
can Indians,  2  vols.,  1824. 

BUCKINGHAM,  Thomas,  minister  of  the 
second  church  iu  Hartford,  died  Nov.  19,  1731, 


aged  02.  He  was  probably  the  son  of  Tliomas 
Buckingham,  the  minister  of  Saybrook  in  KiOtl, 
and  a  descendant  of  Thomas  B.,  who  li\cd  in 
New  Haven  in  1039.  Stej)hen  B.,  minister  of 
Norwalk  from  1097  to  1727,  was  i)robal)ly  bis 
brother.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college 
in  1690.  The  time  of  his  settlement  Ims  not 
been  ascertained.  He  was  succcoded  by  Ehmthan 
Whitman.  He  was  one  of  the  most  eminent 
ministers  in  Connecticut,  and  was  regarded  as 
one  of  the  pillars  of  the  church.  His  Knj;eri(>r 
abilities  were  under  the  direction  of  good  ])rinci- 
ples.  His  conversation  was  such,  as  was  becom- 
ing a  minister  of  Christ.  In  his  life  he  imitated 
his  blessed  Master,  and,  being  exemplary  hi  piety, 
having  a  pleasant  temper,  obliging  and  engaging 
manners,  and  many  amiable  virtues,  he  conciliated 
respect  and  esteem. 

He  published  a  sermon  preached  at  the  elec- 
tion, in  1728,  entitled  Moses  and  Aaron.  The 
following  passages  from  it  will  give  some  view  of 
his  sentiments,  and  of  the  times.  "  By  the  Spirit 
the  elect  are  brought  to  possess  the  good  which 
Jesus  Christ  hath  purchased  for  them.  By  liim 
they  are  convinced,  awakened,  humbled,  con- 
verted, sanctified,  led,  and  comforted."  "If  we 
look  back  upon  the  last  year,  how  many  aj)pear- 
ances  and  indications  cf  his  anger  were  there  to 
be  observed  therein ;  the  unusual  illuminations  of 
the  heavens  by  repeated  and  almost  discontinued 
ilashes  of  lightning,  with  dreadful  peals  of  thun- 
der attending,  the  scorching  heat  and  drought  of 
the  summer,  the  pinching  cold  and  length  of  ihe 
winter,  stormy  winds  and  tempests,  the  death  of 
useful  men,  and  the  groaning  and  trembling  of 
the  earth  under  our  feet."  "  Have  you  not  heard 
some,  who  have  risen  from  among  you,  spealiing 
perverse  things,  blaspheming  the  constitution  and 
order  of  your  churches,  denying  the  validity  of 
vour  ordinations,  and  condemning  your  muiistcrial 
acts  as  so  many  usurpations,  who  unchurch  the 
best  and  gi-eatest  part  of  Christians,  and  leave 
you  with  the  best  of  your  flocks  to  uncovenanted 
mercies,  that  is,  in  a  state  of  heathenism,  withaut 
God  and  Christ  and  hoj^e  in  the  world  ;  and  this 
merely  for  the  salve  of  a  Mon-agreeuient  with 
them  in  a  few  unscriptural  rites  and  notions  ?  "  — 
Edwards'  Elect.  Serm.  in  1732 ;  Tnimhidl,  i. 
498,  519. 

BUCKMINSTER,  Josevh,  minister  of  Rut- 
land, Mass*.,  died  Nov.  27,  1792,  aged  72.  He 
was  the  son  of  Col.  Joseph  Buekai-nster  of  Fra- 
mingham,  who  died  in  1780,  aged  83,  and  whose 
father,  Joseph,  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of 
Frammgham,  died  in  1740,  also  aged  83.  The 
last  named  was  a  grandbon  of  Thomas  Buck- 
minster,  written  in  the  colony  records  Buckmas- 
ter,  who  camo  from  Wales  and  lived  as  early 
as  1645  in  Boston,  where  he  died  Sept.  28,  1658, 
leaving  several  sons. 


1 1 


BUCKMIXSTER. 


BUCKMINSTER. 


155 


IMr.  Huckminstcr  was  p^adimted  at  Ilan'ard 
collc'Ko  in  17:39,  ordained  in  1742,  and  was  in  tin- 
ministry  o3  years.  He  was  liij,'hly  respected  and 
useful.  In  his  theological  sentiments  he  was  a 
sublapsarian  Calvinist.  Mr.  Foster  of  Strafford 
having  published  a  sermon,  in  which  he  asserted 
a  two- fold  justification,  and  "a  remedial  lav,  or 
.  law  of  grace,  whose  precepts  arc  brought  down 
to  a  level  with  the  fallen  sinner's  abilities,"  Mr. 
Buckminster  published  a  reply,  being  a  para- 
phrase on  Rom.  X.  4,  for  which  he  received  the 
thanks  of  an  association  of  ministers.  Other 
pamphlets  followed  by  the  same  writers  in  this 
controversy.  In  his  dissertations  on  gosjicl  salva- 
tion Mr.  IBuckminster  asserts,  on  the  one  hand, 
the  doctrine  of  election  against  the  Arminians, 
and  on  the  other  hand,  against  the  supralajjsa- 
rians,  he  says,  "  the  decrees  have  no  direct,  posi- 
tive influence  upon  us.  AVe  are  determined  by 
motives,  but  act  freely  and  voluntarily.  They  lie 
in  the  foundation  of  the  Divine  proceedings,  and 
compose  his  plans  of  operation.  They  infer  the 
certain  futurition  of  things,  but  have  no  influence 
ab  extra  to  bring  them  to  pass."  These  seem 
not  very  incorrect  views  on  the  subjects  of  the 
divine  decrees  and  of  free  agency.  Indeed,  it  is 
not  easy  to  imagine  how  it  is  possible  to  recon- 
cile the  doctrine  of  Divine  efficiency,  or  positive 
influence  in  the  production  of  sinful  volitions,  with 
the  responsibleness  of  man  or  with  the  truth  and 
holiness  of  God.  The  views  of  Mr.  B.  seem  to 
accord  well  with  those  of  llobcrt  Southey,  who 
says  :  "  Impossible  as  it  may  be  for  us  to  reconcile 
the  free  will  of  man  with  the  foreknowledge  of 
God,  I  nevertheless  believe  in  both  with  the  most 
full  conviction.  When  the  human  mind  plunges 
into  time  and  space  in  its  speculations,  it  adven- 
tures beyond  its  sphere ;  no  wonder,  therefore, 
that  its  powers  fail,  and  it  is  lost.  But  that  my 
will  is  free,  I  know  feelingly  :  it  is  proved  to  me 
by  my  conscience.  And  that  God  provideth  all 
things,  I  know  by  his  own  word,  and  by  that  in- 
stinct wliich  he  hath  implanted  in  me  to  assure 
me  of  his  being." 

Mr.  B.  published  two  discourses  on  family  re- 
ligion, 1759;  ordination  of  E.  Sparhawk;  para- 
phrase on  llom.  X.  4. ;  dissertations  on  Eph.  ii. 
9-11 J  a  sermon  on  the  covenant  with  Abraham. 
Farmer's  Register  ;  Eliot. 

BUCKMINSTER,  Joseph,  D.  D.  minister  of 
Portsmouth,  N.  II.,  the  son  of  the  preceding, 
died  June  10,  1812,  aged  GO.  He  was  born  Oct. 
14,  1701.  Being  the  delight  and  hope  of  his 
parents,  they  were  desirous  that  he  should  become 
a  minister  of  the  gospel.  He  was  graduated  at 
Yale  college  in  1770,  and  from  1774  to  1778  was  a 
tutor  in  that  seminary,  associated  in  that  employ- 
ment with  Abraham  Baldwin.  At  this  period  he 
became  temporarily  attached  to  a  lady,  then  of 
reputation  and  celebrity,  whose  character  is  the 


basis  of  one  of  the  productions  of  M-  .  To  ten 
He  was  nrdiiiiicd  over  the  north  church  i;i  I'orts- 
niouth,  Jan.  27,  177!),  as  succesf-or  of  jlr.  l.ang- 
don,  after  whose  death  Dr.  Stiles  hud  :  iii)i)lied 
the  pulpit  one  or  two  years.  Af\er  a  mi.iistry  of 
thirty-three  years,  his  health  became  greatly  im- 
paired ;  a  depression  of  spirits,  to  which  he  had 
l)ecn  subject,  came  ujion  him  with  new  violence ; 
spasmodic  affections  caused  at  times  a  sus);ension 
of  reason;  under  these  distressing  complaints  a 
long  journey  was  thought  necessary  to  his  reli«f. 
He  left  home  June  2,  1812,  accompanied  by  his 
wife  and  two  friends ;  but  on  the  Green  moun- 
tains of  Vermont  he  was  arrested  by  the  messen- 
ger of  death.  He  died  at  a  solitary  tavern  in 
Iteedsborough,  and  his  remains  were  mterred  at 
Bennington,  and  a  sermon  preached  on  the  oc- 
casion l)y  Mr.  Marsh.  It  is  remarkable,  that  on 
the  preceding  day  his  eldest  son,  a  minister  in 
Boston,  died  after  a  week's  illness.  Although 
Dr.  B.  had  not  heard  of  his  sickness,  yet  he  said 
to  his  wife  repeatedly  a  few  hours  before  his  own 
AsdAh,  Joseph  is  di'ud!  His  first  wife,  the  only 
daughter  of  Rev.  Dr.  Stevens  of  Kittery,  died 
July  19,  1790,  aged  30,  leaving  one  son  and  two 
daughters ;  his  second  wife,  the  daughter  of  Rev. 
Isaac  liyman  of  Yo-k,  died  June  8,  18()j,  aged 
39 ;  his  third  wife,  who  survived  him,  was  the 
widow  of  Col.  I'.liphalct  Ladd.  One  of  his  daugh- 
ters, who  married  Prof.  Earrar  of  Cambridge, 
died  in  Sejjt.,  1824.  He  was  succeeded  in  the 
ministry  by  Mr.  Putnam. 

Dr.  Buckniiiisler  was  an  eminently  pious  man. 
IL>  left  an  unsullied  reputation,  and  was  greatly 
Lelovcd  and  deeply  lamented.  His  mind  had  been 
well  cultivated.  A  brilliant  imagination,  his  most 
dirtiiiguishiiig  faculty,  gave  a  richness  to  his  style. 
He  liad  a  heart  of  sensibility.  His  voice,  strong 
and  musical,  expressed  the  various  emotions  of 
his  soul.  His  attitude  and  gestures  were  un- 
afi'cctcd  and  impressive,  while  his  countenance 
itself  was  eloquent.  But  his  popularity  as  a 
preacher  is  to  be  ascribed  also  to  the  boldness 
and  the  energy  with  which  he  proclaimed  the 
great  and  all-important  truths  of  the  gospel. 
Even  the  hostility  of  the  erroneous  and  the 
wicked,  which  he  aroused,  proved  that  he  had 
found  a  way  to  their  conscience,  for  in  his  great 
meekness,  humility,  and  benevolence  they  could 
not  thinlv  that  he  was  their  enemy.  They  could 
hardly  hate  the  man,  except  on  account  of  his 
doctrine  and  the  faitlifuhiess  of  his  warnings. 
Though  his  sermons  were  not  systematic,  they 
were  luminous  and  instructive.  Brealving  from 
the  confinement  of  a  few  favorite  topics,  he  expa- 
tiated ui  the  wide  field  of  religious  truth.  The 
varying  events  of  Providence  were  always  no- 
ticed by  him,  and  employed  to  some  pious  pur- 
pose. The  tenderness  of  liis  heart  made  him 
peculiarly  welcome  in  the  house  of  affliction.  — " 


156 


nUCKMINSTER, 


BUCKMINSTim, 


In  the  , '1  ;  ■   prayer,  oa  all  the  occasiong  of 
prayer,   lie   p,  r-icularly  excelk'd.    As   a  jjastor 
ho  was  a   bri,  iit  oxaini)k'  to  his  brethren;  in- 
cesRant  in    labor   and   deliKhtinj^  in    his  work; 
cherishing  ahv.iyf.  most  sedulounly  the  scriouKnesH 
vitnessed  amonf,'.st  his  i)eo]ik',  and  devisii:(j  new 
plans  for  gauiiiif,'  ncf-ss  to  their  hearts ;  and  in 
mcetinf,'s   for  social  prayer  seeking  the  ])ivine 
■jlessing  u])oi.  ir.i;  means  of  instniction.     In  his 
preaching  he  .'welt  muth  on  the  iniquity  of  the 
human  heart,'/  the  character  and  value  of  the 
atonciiipnt  by  the  crncifipd  Son  of  God,  and  on 
the  nt!  essity  of  n-gencrution  iiy  tl.')  Holy  Spirit, 
of  faith  and  rc]Hntancc,  and  Mic  holiness  viiliout 
wii'ch  there  is  \u>  admission  into  'iLuvcn.     in  his 
own  opinion,  he  i„  ijan  to  pt<  ith  i)nforo  he  was 
truly  a  servmit  of  G'hI  ;  and  aftcrn-."  'ds  ho  cease- 1 
to  j)reach  for  a  (inic-  in  the  ptr:<uu:;ion  that  iiis 
motives  were  fi  Ifish  and  unworthy.     Hut  :ii>er  n 
Inng  period  of  distress  light  broke  in  upoii  hin 
miiid.     />.  lew  years  altti'  his  settlement,  o.i   the 
anniversary  of  his  ordination,  he  wrote  as  follows 
"Blush,  <)  my  soul,  mid  bo  ashamed,  that  ihiu 
haf.t  felt  no  more  of  thy  iwn  worth  and  the  worth 
of  t'jy  fi'ilow  imii;;rtals,  the  infinite  love  and  com- 
pussiou  of  God,  ui  thy  dear  lledecmcr,  and  the 
\,yx-  Ou'iicy  of  the  gospel.     Shall  God  call  me,  who 
'iia.v'  been  so  great  and  aggravated  an  offender, 
tn  the  high  lUid  honorable  office  of  publishing  the 
glad  tidings  of  salvation,  and  of  an  ambassador 
for  him,  to  woo  and  beseech  men  to  be  reconciled 
to  him  i  and  shall  I  be  lukewarm  and  indiffer- 
ent?"    But    notwithstanding    the    talents,  the 
piety,  the  faitlifulness,  and  the  fervent  zeal  of 
Dr.  Buckminster,  no  very  remarkable  effects  at- 
tended liis  preaching ;  showing  that,  after  all  the 
skiliiil  and  diligent  toil  of  the  jjlanter,  it  is  God 
only,  who,  according  to  his  sovereign  pleasure, 
giveth  the  increase.    On  account  of  his  catholic 
disposition,  Dr.  Buckminster  possessed  the  regard 
of  other  denominations  of  Christians  besides  his 
own.    In   the  private  relations  of  life  he  was 
faithful,  affectionate,  and  interesting.     He  pub- 
lished the  following  sermons :  at  the  New  Hamp- 
shire election,  1787;  on  the  death  of  Washing- 
ton, 1800 ;  on  the  death  of  Mrs.  Ilowland,  and 
Mrs.  Porter;  on  choosing  rulers,  two  sermons, 
1796;  on    the   fire,    1803;   on    baptism,    1803; 
at    the  ordination  of  his  son,    1805;    on    the 
death   of  Rev.   S.   Haven  and  his  wife,   1806; 
at  the  installation  of  J.  Miltimore,  1808;  of  J. 
Thurston,  1809 ;  three  discourses,  Boston,  on  the 
death  of  Dr.   Hemminway,  1811;  and  a  short 
sketch  of  Dr.  McClintock.  —  Panoplist,  Vlli,  105- 
111;   Adams'  Ann.   of  Portsmouth,  353-345; 
Parker's  Funeral  Sermon;  Farmer's  Coll   iii. 
121. 

BUCKMINSTER,  Joseph  Ste\-en8,  a  minis- 
ter in  Boston,  died  June  9,  1810,  aged  28.  He 
was  the  son  of  the  preceding,  and  was  bom  May 


20,  1781.  Under  the  cultivation  of  his  devoted 
parents  his  talents  were  early  developed.  At  the 
age  of  four  years  he  begim  to  study  Latin  gram- 
mar J  at  the  age  of  twelve  he  was  ready  for  ad- 
mission into  college.  He  graduated  at  Harvard 
with  distinguished  honor  in  1800.  The  next  four 
years  were  siu.'nt  jjartly  in  the  family  of  his  rela- 
tive, 'l)i(<niorc  J.uinn  of  Waltham,  partly  as  an 
as'!i:aaiit  in  ti.'C  ticu.iomy  '  Exeter,  and  in  the 
■  •.■.,.secu)  ■(.:•  of  theological  f'tiidies.  In  Oct.,  1804, 
be.:,'0.  to  p'-e.uh  at  iJi-.:  !le  street,  Boston, 
re  he  wa-i  oriinined  ;>    t-    successor  of  Dr. 


h. 
wl 

TI;-c'ic-.-,  .'at'   ■/(),   ;     >5.     A  (i   ere  illness  immc- 
thjti  ly  followed,  .vhich  iivt  ^nxncd  his  labors  un- 
til ii'.rc'h.     In  the  course  oi'  this  year,  the  return 
of  the  epilepsy,  which  he  had  ;)reviously  expe- 
iienced,  excited  his  apjjrehensioas  that  his  men- 
tal fa(  ul'ies  would  be  deslro  -(hI.    He  wrote  in 
Oft, :  "  Tne  rep  li'ioii  <  *  those  its  must  at  length 
reduf',!  me  to  idiocy.     <.\'n  I  resign  myself  to  the 
loss  of  meiiiory  and  of  that  knowledge,  I  may 
have  vainly  pri'    v   'nyfieijiipon?    O  God  .'enable 
mo  to  be.;.-  this  I'aought."    A  voyage  to  Europe 
bi'ing  reeo'iimended,  he  sailed  in  May,  1806,  and 
>isitcd  England,  Holland,  Switzerland  and  France. 
In  Paris  he  spent  five  months ;  and  there  and  in 
I  London  he  collected  a  valuable  Ubrary  of  nearly 
i  3,000  vols.    After  his  return  in  Sept.,  1807,  he 
I  was  occujned  u»  the  ministry  about  five  years  with 
I  occasional    attacks    of   epilepsy,  till  his  death. 
!  ;iis  last  illness  continued  a  week.     His  father 
tiied  the  next  day. 

Mr.  Buckminster  was  a  very  interesting  and 
eloi'juent  preacher.  Though  of  scarcely  the  mid- 
dle fiize,  yet  a  fine  countenance,  combining  sweet- 
nesfl  find  intelligence,  appropriate,  and  cccasionally 
animated  gestures,  a  brilliant  imagination,  and  a 
style  of  winning  elegance  caused  his  hearers  to 
hang  with  delight  upon  his  lips.  His  power, 
however,  would  have  been  increased  by  more  of 
fervor  and  passion.  Deeply  interested  in  biblical 
criticism,  he  superintended  the  publication  of 
Griesbach's  New  Testament.  In  his  religious  sen- 
timents, as  appears  from  the  volume  of  his  sermons, 
published  since  his  death,  ho  differed  in  some  im- 
portant respects  from  his  father.  He  did  not 
believe  the  doctrine  of  ♦be  trinity.  He  did  not 
regard  the  human  rac  )riginaliy  corrupt,  ard 
utterly  lost  in  their  dep.  *vity ;  he  did  not  admit 
that  the  death  of  Christ  had  any  relation  to  the 
justice  of  God  in  the  pardon  of  sin,  nor  did  he 
suppose  that  there  was  any  special  influence  of 
the  Holy  Spirit  in  the  renewal  of  the  heart.  He 
quoted  with  approbation  Paley's  sermon,  written 
when  a  young  man,  on  caution  in  the  use  of 
Scriptiu'e  language,  in  which  he  denies  any  agency 
of  the  Spirit  of  God  on  the  human  heart ;  yet  in 
his  latter  sermons  Palcy  expressly  declares  his 
belief,  that  the  Scripture  does  teach  such  an 
agency.    He  imagined  that  men  were  not  able  to 


BUCKMINSTEB. 


BUELL. 


157 


obey  tho  Divine  law,  niul  tlint  Clirist  cnmc  to  rc- 
ilcnn  iind  has  ni'tually  ri'dci'incd  all  men  from  its 
cur»r,  or  hu.s  disclosed  a  new  dispensation,  in 
wlii(  h  rcpeiitanee  is  nece])fed  instead  of  (.hedience. 
Jnstifyiiij?  faith  he  considered  as  only  a  iiriiu-iple 
of  liolincss,  and  not  as  a  trust  in  Jesus  Cinist  for 
Halvntion.  Yet  his  views  seem  utterly  oj)i)osed  to 
the  doctrine  of  the  Socininns,  for  he  speiiks  of 
"the  inearnation  "  of  the  Son  of  (Jod,  "  the  vice- 
gerent of  Jehovah,"  and  lie  saw  in  his  life  a 
"  wonderful  contrast  of  powers  —  1  )ivine  j,'reatness 
and  mortal  dehility,  ij^nominy,  and  {;lory,  sufl'erinf^ 
and  triumph,  the  servant  of  all  and  the  Lord  ot 
all." 

In  1808  Mr.  Buckminster  published  a  collection 
of  hymns,  in  which  those  of  Watts  and  others 
were  mutilated  without  notice.  In  a  review  of 
this  collection  in  the  Panoplist,  this  mutilation  was 
justly  reprehended,  as  ap])arently  designed  to  lend 
the  authority  of  Watts  to  the  suppression  of  im- 
portant doctrines.  Mr.  U.  sufi'ered  under  the 
charge,  for  he  was  unwilling  to  confess  what  he 
recorded  in  his  private  journal,  that  he  took  the 
altered  hymns  from  Kii)])is'  collection  without 
being  aware  of  the  alterations.  He  ])u))liKhed  a 
number  of  reviews  in  the  monthly  anthology  and 
other  periodicals ;  the  right  hand  of  fellowship  at 
the  ordination  of  C.  Lowell,  180C  i  a  sermon  on 
the  death  of  Gov.  Sullivan,  180!) ;  on  the  death 
of  W.  Emerson,  1811;  an  address  to  the  Phi 
Beta  Ka})pa  society,  18U9.  .\tk>r  his  death  a  vol- 
ume of  twenty-four  sermons  was  jjublished,  with 
a  memoir  of  his  Ufe  and  character  by  S.  C. 
Thacher.  —  Memoir ;  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.  s.  s.  Ii. 
271 '.    Christian  Spectator,  V.  145. 

liUCKNAM,  Natil\x,  died  Feb.  6,  1795,  aged 
91 ;  minister  of  Medway  seventy  years.  He  was 
born  in  Maiden,  graduated  in  1721,  ordained  Dec. 
29,  1724.  He  published  a  sermon  at  the  or«Una- 
tion  of  E.  ^lorse,  1743;  at  ordination  of  E. 
Harding,  1749. 

BUEL,  Mary,  wife  of  Dr.  John  B.,  of  Litch- 
field, died  Nov.  4,  17C8,  aged  iK).  She  had  thir- 
teen children,  one  hundred  and  one  grandchildren, 
two  hundved  and  seventy-four  great-grandchil- 
dren, and  twenty-two  of  the  next  generation; 
total,  four  hundred  and  ten ;  of  which  three  hun- 
dre<l  and  thirty-six  8ur\ived  her. 

BUEL,  J ESSK,  editor,  removed  in  1813  from  th'^ 
county  of  Ulster  to  Albany  and  establishetl  the 
Albany  Argus,  which  he  edited  till  1821.  He  died 
at  Danbury,  Conn.,  Oct.  6, 1839,  aged  62  j  he  was 
on  a  journey  to  New  Haven  in  order  to  deliver  a 
lecture  on  agriculture,  to  wliich  subject  he  had 
devoted  the  last  years  of  his  life.  About  1833 
he  established  tho  Cultivator,  a  monthly  paper, 
which  obtained  a  vast  circulation.  He  was  re- 
spected for  his  talents  and  worth. 

BUEL,  William,  M.  D.,  died  at  Litchfield 
Oct.  15,  1851,  aged  83. 


BUELL,  Samitj,,  D.  D.,  an  eminent  minister 
on  Long  Island,  died  at  I'.ast  Hampton,  July  19, 
1798,  aged  81.  He  was  born  at  Coventry  in 
Connecticut,  Se])t.  1,  171(i.  In  the  seventeenth 
vear  of  his  age  it  ]ileased  his  merciful  Father  in 
heaven  to  renew  his  heart  and  teach  him  those 
tvullis,  which  are  necessary  to  salvation,  lie  was 
impressed  with  a  sense  of  his  entire  destitution  of 
love  to  God,  of  the  incompetency  of  any  works, 
which  he  could  i.erform,  to  justify  him,  (  f  the 
necessitv  of  a  Saviour,  and  of  his  (k'])eiulenco 
on  Divine  mercy  and  inlluence.  Fioni  the  depres- 
sion of  mind,  dccasioned  by  a  full  conviction  of 
sin  and  a  clear  perception  of  his  (lunger,  he  was 
relieved  by  a  view  of  the  wondvrful  jjlan  of  rc- 
dcmi)tion  by  Jesus  Christ,  and  the  gladness  of 
his  heart  now  w;is  pro]  iitionate  to  the  thickness 
of  the  gloom  which  Ik  li>re  hinig  over  his  mind. 
This  change  in  his  character  produced  a  cluuig© 
in  his  j)lans  of  life.  His  father  was  a  rich  limner, 
and  he  had  been  destined, to  agricultural  pui suits; 
but  the  bel-cf,  that  it  was  his  duty  to  engage  in 
labors  which  would  most  advance  the  interest  of 
religion,  and  to  extend  his  usefulness  as  much  as 
possible,  induced  him  to  relinquish  the  emi)loy- 
ments  of  husbandry,  and  to  attend  to  the  cultiva- 
tion of  his  mind.  He  was  graduated  at  Yale 
college  in  1741.  While  in  this  seminary  his 
apjilication  to  his  studies  was  intense,  and  Ids 
Ijroficiency  was  such  as  rewarded  his  toils.  It 
was  here  that  he  first  became  acquainted  with 
David  Bvainerd  with  whom  he  was  ^cl•y  intimate, 
till  death  separated  them.  Their  friendship  was 
the  union  of  hearts  attached  to  the  same  Ilc- 
dcemer,  having  the  same  exalted  views  and 
animated  by  the  same  spirit. 

It  was  his  intention  to  spend  a  number  of  years 
with  Mr.  Edwards,  of  Northampton,  in  theologi- 
cal studies ;  but  the  extensive  revival  of  religion 
at  this  period  rendering  the  zealous  preaching  of 
the  truth  i)eculiarly  important,  he  immediately 
commenced  those  benevolent  labors,  which  occu- 
pieti  and  deUghted  him  through  the  remainder  of 
his  Ufe.  After  being  licensed,  he  preached  about 
two  years  in  different  parts  of  New  England ;  and 
such  was  the  pathos  and  energy  of  his  manner 
that  almost  every  assembly  was  melted  into  tears. 
In  November,  1743,  he  was  ordained  as  an  itiner- 
ant preacher,  in  which  capacity  he  was  indefatiga- 
ble and  very  successful.  He  was  the  instrument 
of  doing  much  good,  of  impressing  the  thought- 
less, of  reforming  the  vicious,  and  of  imparting  to 
the  seliish  and  worldly  the  genuine  principles  of 
benevolence  and  godliness.  Carrying  with  him 
testimonials  from  respectable  ministers,  he  was 
admitted  into  many  ])ulpits,  from  which  other 
itinerants  were  excluded.  While  he  disapp'roved 
of  the  imprudence  of  some  in  those  days,  when 
religious  truth  was  brought  home  remarkably  to 
the  heart,  he  no  less  reprehended  the  uiircoiion- 


«  I 


r 


158 


BUELL. 


BUKLL. 


able  opposition  of  ofluTH  fo  the  work  of  Oo.l. 
During  this  ])erioil  )iis  health  was  nuicii  iinj)airi'(l, 
and  a  Kcvcrc  lit  of  sicl^nfus  l)roii^riit  liim  to  tiic  vi'ry 
entrance  of  tlio  (jravo ;  liiit  it  plcancd  Giul,  wlio 
holds  the  hvcN  (if  all  in  His  hand,  to  restore  his 
health,  and  ])rolon^'  his  usefulness  for  mony  years. 
lie  was  led  to  I'.asi  IIaiii|iion,  by  a  direction  of 
Providenro  in  some  res])ects  extraordinary,  and 
was  installed  pastor  of  the  church  in  that  place, 
Sept.  1!»,  1710.  His  predecessors  were  Thomas 
iTamcs,  the  first  minister  j  then  Nathaniel  Hunt- 
ing, ordained  8e])f.  l.'J,  WM,  and  dismissed  in 
his  old  af,'e  at  the  Mitleniciit  of  .Mr.  liiiell.  In 
this  retirement  he  devoted  himself  with  great 
ardor  to  his  studies.  Though  he  always  felt  the 
necessity  of  flic  sjieeiiil  aid  of  the  Spirit  of  God  in 
preaching,  yet  he  duly  estimated  the  importance 
of  diligent  apjilication  of  mind  f  o  the  duties  of  the 
ministry.  Tor  a  number  of  years  he  wrote  all  his 
scrmtjns  and  preached  them  without  notes.  He 
was  long  engaged  in  wriling  a  work  on  the  projihe- 
cies,  but  the  publication  of  Newton's  dissertations 
induced  him  to  relinquish  it.  He  sought  the 
acquisition  of  knowledge,  not  that  he  might  have 
the  honor  of  being  reputed  a  learned  man,  but 
that  he  might  increase  his  j)ower  of  usefulness ; 
and  keei)ing  his  great  object,  that  of  doing  good, 
constantly  in  view,  he  never  suffered  the  pleasures 
of  literary  and  theological  research  to  detain  him 
from  the  field  of  more  active  exertion.  He  could 
not  shut  himself  uj)  in  his  study,  while  immortal 
souls  in  his  own  congregation  or  in  the  neighbor- 
hood were  destitute  of  instruction  and  were  ready 
to  hear  the  words  of  eternal  life.  He  frequently 
preached  two  or  three  times  in  the  course  of  the 
week,  in  addition  to  liis  stated  labors  on  the  Sab- 
bath. For  a  number  of  the  first  years  of  his 
ministry  he  seemed  to  labor  without  effect.  His 
peojde  paid  but  little  attenti(m  to  the  concerns  of 
religion.  But  in  1704  he  witnessed  an  astonishing 
change.  Almost  every  individual  in  the  town  was 
deeply  impressed,  and  the  interests  of  eternity 
received  hat  attention  which  their  transcendent 
importance  demands.  He  had  the  happiness  at 
one  time  of  admitting  into  his  church  ninety-nine 
persons,  who,  he  believed,  had  been  renewed, 
and  enlightened  with  correct  views  of  the  gospel, 
and  inspired  with  benevolent  princij)les  of  conduct. 
In  the  years  1785  and  1791  also,  he  was  favored, 
through  the  influence  of  the  Holy  Spirit  on  the 
hearts  of  his  hearers,  with  great  success. 

Dr.  Buell  presents  a  remarkable  instance  of 
disinterested  exertion  for  the  good  of  others. 
When  Long  Island  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
British  in  1776,  he  remained  with  his  people,  and 
did  much  towards  relieving  their  distresses.  As 
there  was  at  this  period  but  one  minister  witliin 
forty  miles  able  to  jireach,  the  care  of  all  the 
churches  fell  upon  him.  I  lis  natural  disposition 
inclined  him  to  do  with  his  might  whatever  his 


I  hand  found  to  do.  He  was  an  examjile  of  all  the 
Christian  virtues.  He  was  attached  to  literature 
and  science,  and  was  the  father  and  ])atron  of 
Clinton  academy  in  Kast  Hampton.  His  house 
was  tlie  mansion  of  hosj)italiiy.  Possessing  a 
large  fund  of  instructive  and  entertaining  anec- 
dote, his  cumjiany  was  pleasing  to  persinis  of 
every  age.  In  no  respect  was  he  more  liistin- 
guished,  than  for  a  spirit  of  devotion.  He  was 
fully  convinced  of  the  necessity  and  efHcacy  of 
prayer,  and  amid  the  pros])erous  and  afflictivo 
scenes,  through  which  he  passed,  it  w  as  his  delight 
to  hold  intercourse  with  his  Father  in  hea\en. 
He  followed  two  wives  and  eight  children  to  the 
grave.  On  these  solemn  and  affecthig  occasions, 
such  was  the  resignation  and  sujjjiort  imparted  to 
him,  that  he  usually  preached  himself.  To  his 
uncommon  and  long  continued  health,  the  strict 
rules  of  temperance,  which  he  observed,  without 
doubt  much  contributed.  On  the  day,  in  which 
he  was  80  years  old,  he  rode  fourteen  miles  to 
preach  ihe  gosjiel,  and  returned  in  the  evening. 
In  his  last  hours  his  mind  was  in  perfect  peace. 
He  had  no  desire  to  remain  any  longer  absent 
from  his  Saviour.  He  observed,  as  the  hour  of 
his  departure  ap])roached,  that  he  felt  all  his 
earthly  connections  to  be  dissolved.  The  world, 
into  which  he  was  just  entering,  absorbed  all  his 
thoughts ;  so  that  he  was  unwilling  to  suffer  any 
interruption  of  his  most  cheering  contemjilations 
from  the  last  attention  of  his  friends.  While 
they  were  endeavoring  to  prolong  the  dying  flame, 
he  would  put  them  aside  with  one  hand,  while 
the  other  was  raised  towards  heaven,  where  his 
eyes  and  soul  were  fixed.  In  this  happy  state  of 
mind  he  welcomed  the  moment  of  his  departure 
from  life.  His  daughter  Jcrusha  was  the  mother 
of  J.  L.  Gardner  of  Gardner's  Island ;  another 
daughter  married  Ilev.  A.  Wentworth. 

He  published  a  narrative  of  the  revival  of 
rel';.non  among  his  people  in  1704,  and  fourteen 
oc^;  .sional  discourses,  which  evince  the  vigor  of 
his  mind  and  the  ardor  of  his  piety  j  among 
which  are  a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of  Samsoa 
Cecum,  Aug.  29,  1759,  to  which  is  added  a  letter 
giving  an  account  of  Occum,  1761 ;  on  the  death 
of  C.  J.  Smith,  1770;  at  the  ordination  of  Aaisn 
Woolworth,  Bridgchampton,  1788  j  funeral  ser- 
mons on  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Conkling,  1782,  and 
on  an  only  son,  Samuel,  who  died  of  the  small 
pox  in  1787.— Conn.  Evan.  Mag.  Ii.  147-151, 179- 
182;  Daggett's  Funeral  Sermon. 

BUELL,  Abel,  of  Killingworth,  Conn.,  began, 
unaided,  a  type  foundry  in  17C9,  and  completed 
several  fonts  of  long  primer.  He  was  a  skilful 
goldsmith  and  jeweller.  John  Baine,  a  Scotch- 
man, who  died  at  Philadelphia  in  1790,  was  the 
first  successful  type  founder;  and  he  came  to  this 
country  after  the  war. —  Thomas,!,  214;  u.  547 ; 
Holmes,  11.  165. 


BUELL. 


BULKLEY. 


159 


lUTJJ.,  William,  a  missionary  in  Siam,  died 
ill  Newcastle,  Teiin.,  in  is.Vi,  u;;ed  about  10.  An 
udlietivc  event  rccalleil  him  from  Siam. 

l!l  I'l',  MicUAKL,  died  in  Georgia  in  1839, 
iijxitl  101,  a  soldier  in  I'M. 

ilUIST.fiKoiiOK,  I).  !).,  mini.sterin  CliarleHton, 
S.  C,  was  horn  in  1770  ii>  Filcsliire,  Scotland.  In 
the  college  of  I'Minlmrnh,  which  lie  entered  in 
17i'>7,  he  became  very  (listinj;uihhed.  In  tlaKsical 
Icui'uin^  he  excelled,  having'  a  predilectiou  for 
Creciaii  literature.  M'itii  tlie  Hebrew  also  he  was 
familiar.  In  l-'rench  and  Italian  lie  was  skilled. 
The  elders  of  the  Presbyterian  church  in  Charles- 
ton, established  in  1731,  sent  for  Mr.  lluist,  on 
tiie  recommendation  of  Dr.  Itobertson  and  ])r- 
IHiiir.  He  arrived  in  June,  1703.  Beinj;  ay>- 
pointcd  in  1805  principal  of  the  college  of  C'harles- 
tDii,  the  seminary  soon  became  more  res])ectable 
IJiiin  ever.  He  died  Aug.  31,  1808,  after  an  illness 
of  a  few  days,  aged  38  years.  His  jiredeeeKsors  in 
the  Presbyterian  ehurcli  were  Stuart,  Grant,  Lori- 
nier,  Morison,  Hewatt,  Graham,  and  Wilson.  As 
n  preacher  he  was  imjiressive,  oratorical,  and  pop- 
uiiir,  wiiile  lie  was  also  instructive  and  faithful.  In 
tlie  censure  of  vice  he  was  bold  and  animated. 
.\  i'riend  of  benevolent  institutions,  his  warm  and 
eloiiuent  appeals  arou.sed  the  public  feeling.  He 
wrote  various  articles  for  the  liritish  encyclopedia. 
He  published  an  abridgment  of  Hume  for  schools, 
170U;  a  version  of  the  psalms,  1790;  a  sermon 
on  the  death  of  Itcv.  Mr.  Malcomson,  180o.  His 
sermons  in  two  vols.  8vo,  were  published  in  1809. 
—  Sketch  prefixed  io  Sermons. 

IJULFINCII,  TuoMAS,  M.  D.,  a  physician  in 
IJoston,  died  in  Feb.,  1802.  He  was  the  only  son 
of  Dr.  Thomas  B.,  an  eminent  and  pious  physi- 
cian, who  died  Dec.,  1757,  aged  62,  and  whose 
father,  Adino  B.,  came  from  England  in  1680. 
He  was  born  in  1728,  and  after  attending  the  Latin 
school  of  John  Lovell,  was  graduated  at  IIar\ard 
college  in  1746.  He  spent  four  years  in  England 
and  Scotland  in  the  prosecution  of  his  medical 
studies,  and,  obtaining  his  medical  degree  in  1757, 
returned  immediately  to  Boston.  During  the 
l)revalence  of  the  smaU-pox  in  1763,  his  anti])hIo- 
gimic  treatment  was  eminently  successful.  With 
Dr.s.  Warren,  Gardiner,  and  Perkins  he  attempted 
the  establishment  of  a  small-pox  hospital  at  Point 
Shirley  ;  but  prejudice  defeated  his  efforts.  Dur- 
ing the  occupation  of  Boston  by  the  British  troops 
he  remained  in  the  town  and  suffered  many  priva- 
tions and  losses.  He  continued  in  ])ractice  till 
two  years  before  Ills  death,  which  Mjurrcd  in 
Feb.,  1802.  His  mother  was  the  daughter  of  John 
Colman,  brother  of  liev.  Benjamin  C.  His  wife 
was  the  daughter  of  Charles  Apthorp.  He  left  a 
son,  the  architect  and  superintendent  of  the  pub- 
lic buildings  at  W'ashington,  who  married  the 
daughter  of  John  Apthorp  j  and  two  daughters, 
manied  to  George  Storer  and  Joseph  Coolidge. 


Dr.  Bulflnch  was  diHtinguislicd  for  hi*  pcmonol 
apjiearance  and  ek'f^iuu'e  r)f  inannors.  hike  liis 
fi'HT,  he  was  mild  and  unobtriiwive,  cheerful,  be- 
nevolent, and  pious.  He  ])ul)lihhed  a  treatise  on 
the  treatment  of  the  scarlet  fever;  another  on  the 
yellow  fever.  —  T/itic/irr'.':  Mul.  Iliiiij. 

lULFINTH,  ('lL\ULi:s,  died  in  Boston  April 
1.),  LslI,  aged  81.  He  graduated  at  Harvard, 
1781,  and  pursued  his  architectunil  studies  in 
I',uro|)e,  and  on  his  return  devoti'd  himself  to 
architecture.  He  drew  the  ])lan  for  the  State-, 
house  hi  Boston,  and  for  the  capitol  at  Wasliing- 
ton. 

BULKi.EY,  Pctkr,  first  minister  of  Concord, 
Mass.,  died  March  0,  16.J0,  aged  7(1.  He  was 
born  at  Woodhill  in  Bedfordshire,  I'^ng.,  Jan.  31, 
1583.  He  was  educated  at  St.  John's  in  Camb. 
and  was  fellow  of  the  college.  He  had  a  gentle- 
man's estate  left  him  by  his  fatlier.  Dr.  Edward 
Bulkley  of  Woodhill,  whom  he  succeedcul  in  the 
ministry.  For  twenty-one  years  ho  contuiued  his 
faithful  labors  without  inti'rruj)tion ;  but  at  length, 
being  silenced  for  nonconformity  to  some  of  the 
ceremonies  of  the  English  church,  he  came  to 
New  England  in  1635,  that  he  might  enjoy  lib- 
erty of  conscience.  After  residing  some  time  at 
Cambridge,  he  began  the  settlement  of  Concord 
in  1636  with  a  number  of  ])lanters,  who  had 
accompanied  him  from  England.  He  formed, 
July  5,  1636,  the  twelfth  church  which  had  been 
established  in  the  colony,  and  in  1037  was  consti- 
tuted its  teacher  and  John  Jones  its  pastor.  He 
died  in  Concord.  His  first  wife  was  a  daughter 
of  Thomas  Allen  of  Coldington ;  his  second,  a 
daughter  of  Sir  Ilichard  Chitwood.  By  these  he 
had  fourteen  children,  three  of  whom  were  edu- 
cated for  the  ministry.  Edward,  who  succeeded 
him  about  1650,  had  been  the  first  minister 
of  Marshfield,  died  at  Chelmsford  Jan.  2,  1096, 
and  was  buried  at  Concord ;    his  son,  Peter,  a 

'aduate  of  1660,  was  agent  in  England  in  1676, 
was  speaker  of  the  house  and  assistant  from  1677 
to  1684,  and  died  May  24,  1088. 

Mr.  Bulkley  was  remarkable  for  his  benevo- 
lence. He  expended  a  large  estate  by  giving 
farms  to  his  servants,  whom  he  employed  in  hus- 
bandry. It  was  liis  custom,  when  a  servant  had 
lived  with  Ixim  a  certain  number  of  years,  to  dis- 
miss Iiim,  giving  liim  a  piece  of  land  for  a  form, 
and  to  talvc  another  in  his  place.  He  was  famil- 
iar and  pleasant  ih  his  manners,  thou^^h  while 
subject  to  bodily  i)ains  he  was  somewhat  irritable, 
and  in  preaching  was  at  times  considered  as 
severe.  So  strict  was  his  own  virtue,  that  he 
could  not  spare  some  follies,  which  were  thought 
too  inconsiderable  to  be  noticed.  In  consequence 
of  his  pressing  importunately  some  charitable 
work,  contrary  to  the  wishes  of  the  ruling  elder, 
an  unhappy  division  was  produced  in  the  church  j 
but  it  was  healed  by  the  advice  of  a  council  and  the 


160 


BULKLEY. 


BULKLEY. 


•btlicatinn  of  the  elder.  By  mean*  of  this  troul)- 
leRomo  afliiir,  Mr.  Uulklcy  fiaid  he  knew  more  uf 
Ood,  more  of  himNelf,  and  more  of  men.  He  woa 
an  excellent  scholar,  and  was  diiitinguiHhcd  for  the 
holinegi  of  hia  life  and  liia  dilif^ent  attention  to 
the  duties  of  the  ministry.  He  gave  a  considera- 
ble part  of  hia  library  to  Ilar^'ard  collcf^c.  He 
was  \ery  conscientious  in  his  observance  of  the 
Sabbath.  He  was  averse  to  novelty  of  ajiparcl, 
and  his  hair  was  always  cut  close.  Such  was  his 
seal  to  do  good,  that  he  seldom  left  any  com])any, 
without  making  some  serious  remark,  calculated 
to  impress  the  mind.  When,  through  infirmity, 
he  was  unable  to  teach  from  house  to  house,  he 
added  to  his  usual  labor  on  the  Lord's  day  that 
of  catechizing  and  exhorting  the  youth,  in  the 
presence  of  the  whole  assembly.  Such  was  his 
reputation  among  the  ministers  of  New  England, 
that  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  moderators  of 
the  synod  of  1737.    Mr.  Hooker  was  the  other. 

He  publiHhed  a  work  entitled,  the  gospel  cove- 
nant, or  the  covenant  of  grace  opened,  etc.,  Lon- 
don, 1040,  4to.  pp.  383.  This  book  was  so  much 
esteemed,  that  it  passed  through  several  editions. 
It  is  composed  of  sermons  preached  at  Concord 
upon  Zechariah  IX.  11,  "the  blood  of  the  cove- 
nant." Speaking  of  this  work,  Mr.  Shepard  of 
Cambridge  says,  "  The  church  of  Ood  is  bound  to 
bless  Ood  for  the  holy,  judicious,  and  learned 
labors  of  this  aged,  and  experienced,  and  precious 
servant  of  Jesus  Christ."  Mr.  Bulkley  also  wrote 
Latin  poetry,  some  specimens  of  which  are 
preserved  by  Dr.  Mather  in  his  history  of  New 
England. — Mather's  Magnalia,  ill.  96,  98; 
Neal,  I.  321;  Nonconformists'  Memorial,  last 
edition,  II.  200;  IJolmes,  I.  314;  Coll.  Hist. 
Sac,  X.  108 ;  Itipley's  Dedication  Sermon. 

BULKLEY,  John,  one  of  the  first  graduates 
of  Harvard  college,  died  in  1689,  aged  69.  He 
was  the  son  of  the  preceding.  He  took  his 
degree  of  A.  M.  in  1042.  He  afterwards  went  to 
England,  and  settled  at  Fordham,  where  he 
continued  for  several  years  with  good  acceptance 
and  usefulness.  After  hi"  ejectment  in  1002  he 
went  to  Wapping,  in  the  suburbs  of  London, 
where  he  practised  physic  several  years  with 
success.  He  was  eminent  in  learning  and  equally 
80  in  piety.  Though  he  was  not  often  in  his 
pulpit  after  his  ejectment,  he  might  truly  be  said 
to  preuch  every  day  in  the  week.  Ilis  whole  life 
was  a  continued  Rermon.  He  seldom  viuited  his 
patients  without  reading  a  lecture  of  dimity  to 
them,  and  jjraying  with  them.  He  was  remarkable 
for  the  sweetness  of  his  temper,  and  his  integrity 
and  charitableness ;  Init  what  gave  a  lustre  to  all 
his  other  virtues  was  his  deep  liumility.  He  died 
near  the  tower  in  London.  —  Nonconformists' 
Memorial,  last  edition,  II.  200;  James'  Funeral 
Sermon. 
BULKLEY,  Oebshoh,  an  eminent  minister, 


j  the  brother  of  the  preceding,  died  Dec.  2,  1713, 
I  aged  77.  He  was  bom  in  Dec,  1030,  and  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  college  in  lOfid.  Alxiul  the  year 
Ui'iH  he  succeeded  Mr.  Blinman  as  niinirter  of 
New  London.  Here  he  continued  till  about  the 
year  1006,  when  he  became  pastor  of  the  church 
in  Wethersflcld,  in  the  place  of  Mr.  Uussell,  who 
had  removed  to  Hadley.  He  was  succeeded  at 
New  London  ))y  Mr.  Bradstreet.  Many  years 
before  his  death  he  resigned  the  ministry  at 
Wethersflcld  on  account  of  his  infirmities,  and 
Mr.  Kowlandson  of  Lancaster  was  received  as 
minister.  His  wife  was  8urah,  the  daughter  of 
President  Chauncy.  Ho  was  a  man  of  distinction 
in  his  day,  and  was  particularly  eminent  for  hii 
skill  in  chemistry.  From  an  inNcription  upon  hit 
gravestone,  it  appears  that  he  was  regarded  as  a 
man  of  rare  abilities  and  extraordinary  industry, 
excellent  in  learning,  master  of  many  languages, 
exquisite  in  his  skill  in  divinity,  physic,  and  law, 
and  of  a  most  exemplary  and  Christian  life. — 
Trumbull,  1. 3 10,  324, 483, 519;  Mass.  Hist.  Coll., 
X.  155, 

BULKLEY,  John,  first  minister  of  Colchester, 
was  the  son  of  Gershom  Bulkley.  He  was  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  college  in  1<)99,  was  ordained 
Dec.  20,  1703,  and  died  in  June,  1731.  His  son, 
John  Bulkley,  a  graduate  at  Yale  college  in  1756, 
eminent  for  learning,  possessed  a  high  reputation 
as  a  physician  and  lawyer,  and  when  very  young 
was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  superior  court  of 
Connecticut. 

Mr.  Bulkley  was  very  distinguished  as  a  scholar. 
While  a  member  of  college,  he  and  Mr.  Dummer, 
who  was  a  member  of  the  same  class,  were  con- 
sidered as  pre-eminent  in  genius  and  talents. 
The  palm  was  given  to  the  latter  for  quickness, 
brilliancy,  and  wit ;  but  Mr.  Bulkley  was  regarded 
a^  his  superior  in  solidity  of  judgment  and 
strength  of  argument.  He  carried  his  researches 
into  the  various  departments  of  the  law,  of  medi- 
cine, and  theology.  He  was  classed  by  Dr. 
Chauncy  in  1788  among  the  three  most  eminent 
for  strength  of  genius  and  powers  of  mind, 
which  New  England  had  produced.  The  other 
two  were  Jeremiah  Dummer  and  Thomas  Walter. 
He  wrote  a  preface  to  R.  Wolcott's  meditations, 
and  published  an  election  sermon  in  1713,  entitled, 
the  necessity  of  religion  in  societies.  In  1724  he 
published  an  inquiry  into  the  right  of  the  aborig- 
inal natives  to  the  lands  in  America.  This  curi- 
ous treatise  has  within  a  few  years  been  reprinted 
in  the  collections  of  the  historical  society  of  Mas- 
sachusetts. The  author  contends,  that  the  Indians 
had  no  just  claims  to  any  lands  but  such  as  they 
had  subdued  and  improved  by  their  own  labor, 
and  that  the  English  had  a  perfect  right  to  occupy 
all  other  lands  without  compensation  to  the  na- 
tives. He  published  a  sermon  at  ordination  of  J. 
Lewis,  1730 ;  and  one  other  tract,  entitled,  an  im- 


BILL. 


DULL(XK. 


Itl 


pnrfini  account  of  n  late  dehnfr  at  Ljiup,  upon  thr 
follow  imiiitu:  whi'thiT  it  lie  the  will  of  Ciod, 
tlint  ti,  iiliiiitK  of  visilile  lu'lii'vcrs  nhoiild  lit"  \>a\y- 
ti/i'd  )  vNJictlii'r  ii|)rinkliii^  lie  lawful  and  KtitHcicnt ; 
nnd  whothrr  the  jiri'MMit  way  of  maintniiiiii;^ 
miiii»tcrn  by  a  jiuMic  rate  or  tax  be  lawful,  1721). 
Ill  this  he  n'iWH   Homc  aecoiiiit  of  the  nw  of 

the  anti-pedo-lmptists Trumhull,\.  520  ;  .IA/m. 

//(.»/.  ('nil.  IV.  I.i!);   thn.  Hist,  ofl'nnn.  I  ".J. 

IU'LL,  Hknuy,  governor  of  Uhodc  IhIuikI,  died 
In  KIO.'J,  aged  K-l.  Horn  in  Wales,  he  waH  one  of 
the  early  purehancr»  of  the  Island  of  .Xipiidneck, 
now  Uhode  Island,  lie  tiettled  with  Neventeen 
others  at  Newjiort  in  lOIJH,  and  was  governor  in 
KIN.O,  nnd  again  in  1G89,  when  Andros  was  im- 
prisoned. 

HULL,  William,  M.  1).,  a  physician,  eminent 
for  literature  nnd  medical  science,  died  July  4, 
1701,  nged  8L  He  was  the  son  ofWni.  Hull, 
lieut.-gov.  of  South  Carolina,  who  died  March 
17.55,  aged  72.  lie  was  the  first  native  of  South 
Carolina,  and  jirohnbly  the  first  American,  who 
obtained  a  degree  in  medicine.  S.  L.  Knnpp,  in 
his  stereotype  lecture  on  American  literature, 
mistakes  in  representing  Dr.  Hull  n«  a  graduate 
of  Harvard  college,  and  also  in  giving  his  name 
Hall.  He  was  a  pupil  of  Hoerliaave,  and  in  17:(.j 
defended  a  thesis  de  colicn  pictonum  before  the 
university  of  Leyden.  He  is  (pioted  by  Van 
Swieten,  as  his  fellow  student,  with  the  title  of 
the  learned  Dr.  Hull.  After  his  return  to  this 
country,  his  services  in  cinl  life  wore  rccpiired  by 
his  fellow-citizens.  In  1751  he  was  a  memiier  of 
the  council  J  in  17G3  he  was  speaker  of  the  house 
of  rejiresentatives,  and  in  1704  he  was  lieut.-gov. 
of  South  Carolina.  He  was  many  years  in  this 
oHico,  and  commander-in-chief.  When  the  Hrit- 
ihh  troops  left  South  Carolina  in  1782  he  accom- 
puimil  them  to  England,  where  he  resided  the 
remaiiiiU'r  of  his  life.  He  died  in  London. — 
]{(im>i'i/'.i  Rev.  of  Med.  42,43;  Miller,  I.  317,  II. 
303;  (i'litleman's  Mag.  XXV.  236;  Itamsay's 
Hist.  S.  a  IL  113. 

BULL,  Joiix,  general,  a  soldier  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, died  at  Northumberland,  Pcnn.,  in  Aug. 
1824,  aged  94.  In  the  French  wars  his  m  r\ices 
were  important,  especially  in  making.  !rr  jiies  with 
the  Indians  for  the  safety  of  the  froiitiers.  In  the 
war  for  independence  he  engaged  'vitli  /.eai  In 
1770  he  was  a  member  of  the  assi'inbiy  from  the 
county  of  Philadelphia.  At  the  age  of  75  he  was 
also  a  useful  member  of  the  legislature.  He  died 
with  composxire,  trusting  in  the  atonement  of  the 
Saviour,  with  assured  hope  of  a  glorious  resurrec- 
tion. 

HULL,  NoRUis,  D.  D.,  died  in  Lewiston, 
N.  Y.,  in  1848,  aged  about  58.  Horn  in  Ilar- 
winton,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1813,  and  com- 
menced his  labors  as  a  teacher  at  Lansingburg. 
He  was  then  a  minister  at  W^orsaw,  and  eleven 
91 


years  nt  tieneweo.  He  was  afterwnriU  Iwiih  jmii- 
tor  and  teacher  nt  Wyoming  ami  at  ClarkiuHi. 
In  iHKi  he  removed  to  Lewiston.  lie  published 
an  nddriss  to  the  Wilson  Collegiate  Institute. — 
A'.   )'.  Olmrrer,  Feb.  20,  m»8. 

HULLAHD,  AliTKMAS,  Dr.,  died  nt  Sutton  May 
0,  18-12,  ngeiii  73.  His  ten  diildren  were  pro- 
fessors of  rclvgion. 

lULL.XHl),  .\UTI.MAH,  D.I).,  son  of  the  pre- 
ceding, minister  of  the  1st  I'resbylerian  church  in 
St.  Louis,  was  killed  on  the  railroad  at  (inNconnde 
river,  Nov.  1,  IH.>5,  aged  03.  lie  had  two  broth- 
ers, who  were  ministerH,  nnd  two  sisters,  who 
married  ministers  —  Henry  W.  Heecher,  and  Lot 
Jones.  He  grailuated  at  Amherst  in  1820.  He 
married  Ann  Jones,  a  teacher  in  Hoston.  For 
ten  years  he  was  the  general  agent  of  the  Ameri- 
ican  board  of  missions,  residing  at  Cinciimati,  and 
for  eighteen  years  he  had  been  a  minister  in  St. 
Louis,  exerting  a  very  imjiortniit  influence.  His 
new  and  costly  church  had  just  been  finished. 
He  was  on  the  first  railroad  excursion  to  Jeffer- 
son city,  when  he  and  nearly  thirty  others  were 
killed. 

Dr.  Hullard,  when  the  Presbyterian  church  was 
split  into  two  parts,  attached  himself  to  the  New 
School  division.  He  was  a  man  of  action  ond 
energy.  His  great  and  very  important  labors  in 
Missouri  in  the  formation  of  new  churches,  the 
providing  of  ministers,  and  the  promotion  of 
ieaniing,  and  his  excellent  character,  arc  ddScribed 
in  the  N.  Y.  Evangelist  for  Jan.  3,  1850.  Hy  his 
efforts  chiefly  was  Webster  College  founded. 

HULLAHD,  Hi;NnY  A.,  judge,  died  in  New 
Orleans,  April  17, 1851,  aged  02.  The  son  of  the 
minister  of  Pcppcrell,  he  was  graduated  at  Cam- 
bridge in  1807  ;  having  studied  law,  he  accompa- 
nied Gen.  Toledo  in  an  expedition  against  Texas, 
but  in  the  defeat  escaped,  although  with  difficulty, 
and  opened  an  office  in  Natchitoches.  He  was 
district  judge,  and  a  member  of  congress,  and 
judge  of  the  supreme  court ;  afterwards  he  i)rac- 
tisi'd  law  in  New  Orleans,  and  gave  lectures  in 
the  law  school 
Washington  occasioned  his  death. 

BULLAIII),  Amos,  minister  of  Barre,  died 
Aug.  21,  1850,  aged  43.  Horn  in  Mcdway,  he 
graduated  at  Amherst  college  in  1833,  was  for 
some  years  assistant  teacher  in  Leicester  academy, 
and  ordained  Oct.  20,  1843.  He  was  a  good 
scholar  and  writer,  nnd  greatly  excelled  in  meta- 
physics. His  early  death  was  greatly  lamented, 
llis  widow  became  an  assistant  in  the  academy  of 
Leicester. 

BULLOCK,  WiLLUM,  published  a  work  en- 
titled, Virginia  impartially  examined,  1049. 

BULLOCK,  Lydia,  died  at  Ilehoboth,  April 
20,  1853,  aged  81,  relict  of  E.  Hullock,  daughter 
of  Roger  Rogcrson,  minister  of  Rehoboth  from 
1759  to  1799.    She  had  a  cultivated  mind,  was 


The  fatigue  of  his  return  from 


102 


IILNKIU. 


DIRCOYNE. 


iutflliKcnt,  rcflncd,  diKiiiliiil.  utrulilt-,  of  rich  con* 
vornnlinii,  anil  niiiili-Milui'd  I'Drri'spoiKlciirc.  Ilor 
writiiiKH  ^rutilii'il  Ikt  IriciKlN,  but  Hcrt'  not  niadt* 
public.  tShu  vuH  II  s|ii'ciiii('n  of  llic  doiiii'Mtic  iii- 
tclli^cnce  iiritl  r( Tinciiiciit,  Mhiili,  uiikiiowri  to  the 
world,  liiitli  lilchxi'd  niuiiy  ii  Imliiriition  of  New 
EiikIiiikI.  l"or  liHy  yt'iiri*  ulic  wn»  a  df\()t«'d  di.s- 
cij)lt'  of  Christ.  She  wiis  ii  iihihIht  of  a  ffinidi' 
churitaiilc  Noi'ii'l\,  raising  for  niuii)  yvuro  oh  oJi- 
nuiil  Hiini  fortlu-  caimi'  ol' iniNfioiiN. 

JU'NKIIH,  IUjvjamin, miiiistirof  Muidcn,  died 
Fi'l>.  ;j,  1()7(»,  uf{<'d  aliout  .'JO.  lie  waH  the  koii  of 
George  iluiiker,  who  lived  ill  CharleNtowii  in 
1634,  and  in  1(^17  wax  diNarnied,  with  many 
others,  l>y  order  of  the  (general  court,  for  lieing  u 
follower  of  Wheelwright  and  MrH.  lIutchhiHon, 
IcNt  in  8oniu  revelation  tin  should  inuko  an 
nNHauIt  uj)0!i  the  government ;  from  Mhom,  or 
from  K<m)e  descendant,  the  name  of  Dunker'H  Hill 
iji  douhtlcKS  derived.  The  eelehrated  huttlo  was 
fought  on  iireed'H  Hill,  distant  V20  rods*  S.  E. 
from  liunker's,  which  is  a  loftier  hill.  Mr. 
liunkcr  woa  graduated  at  Harvard  college  ui 
1008.  —  A'(/(v/</t'j«  Wiiitliri'j),  I.  L'18. 

BUIUJAXK,  Cai.kii,  general,  died  at  Millbury, 
Dec.  0,  18J'J,  aged  Sli;  extensively  known  as  a 
paper  manufacturer. 

UUltUECK,  Hkxhy,  general,  died  nt  New 
London,  Oct.  2,  1S18,  aged  !)1,  being  born  in 
lioNton,  June  8,  ITol.  His  father  was  an  ollieer 
at  Castle  William  before  the  llevolution.  He 
joined  liis  father's  comjjany  hi  the  American  army 
in  177d,  and  shared  in  the  battles  and  sulierings 
of  the  war,  at  the  close  of  which  he  held  the  oflice 
of  major.  He  al'terwardu  was  engaged  m  the 
Indian  wars  along  the  western  frontier  j  for  years 
ho  commanded  at  Mackinaw.  In  the  war  of 
1812  he  served  as  a  brigadicr-gcnerul ;  but  in 
1815  retired  to  private  Ufc,  and  lived  at  New 
London  till  his  death. 

BUKCH,  Stki'IIO  B.,  1).  D.,  died  at  George- 
town, m  Sept.,  1833,  aged  87. 

BUIID,  Bi;xj.iMiN,  general,  died  Oct,  6,  1822, 
ngcd  09.  He  was  a  soldier  of  the  Kevolution.  At 
the  age  of  twenty-one  he  joined  Col.  Thompson's 
regiment  of  I'ennsylvunia  rillemcn,  and  marched 
as  a  volmiteer  to  Boston,  where  he  arrived  Aug., 
1775.  He  was  afterwards  in  the  battle  of  Long 
Island.  In  1777,  as  captain  in  the  4th  Pennsyl- 
vania regiment,  he  was  ui  the  battles  of  Trenton 
and  Princeton,  and  afterwards  at  the  battle  of 
BrandJ^vinc.  In  the  cai)acity  of  major  he  was 
engaged  in  the  battles  of  Cieriiiantowii  and  Mon- 
mouth. In  1779  he  accompanied  Sullivan  in  his 
expedition  against  the  Indians.  In  all  his  scr- 
Ticcs  he  was  brave  and  active.  After  the  war  he 
settled  down  on  liis  paternal  farm  at  fort  Little- 
ton, where  he  was  long  known  for  his  hospitable 
and  gentlemanly  deportment.  I'or  the  ten  last 
years  o.''  hi:;  li.i,'   he  resided  at  Bediord,  I'enn. j 


where  ^''  died  of  thi>  drn;>Ny  in  the  chmt.  Hb 
wife  .  i>  on  '.m  jirweding  dny.  —  Fiirnitr'$ 
I'l.ii.  I'  ,\pp,  ;»(>. 

l)Ll{(ii;SS,TuisTVM,  judge,  (lied  at  Wali !»  m- 
oket  (arm,  I'ri'AJdi  uce,  Ott.  13,  IN.').",  ngrd  N3. 
He  was  hr  n  ii.  Jli)chet«ler,  Mbhii.,  Feb.  lid,  1770, 
the  son  <f  a  soklier,  Lieut.  John  B.,  who  died  in 
1701.  The  father  and  three  sons  were  farnHrs 
and  coopers.  He  had  attended  school  but  a  few 
weeks  before  he  was  Iwentj-onej  h<  alUrwards 
graduated  at  Brown  university  in  17!)(1.  While 
teaching  school  and  studying  law,  he  was  ]ier- 
suaded  to  buy  a  ticket  on  credit,  costing  5  dollars, 
which  drew  a  ])ri/e  of  2tlOU,  and  gave  him  relief  in 
liis  jioverty.  He  married  the  daughter  «f  Wel- 
come Arnold,  a  merchant  of  Providence.  He  had 
great  business  us  a  lawyer,  associated  with  such 
men  as  Howell,  Burrill,  Bobbins,  Hunter,  llridg- 
ham,  and  Hazard.  After  being  chief  justice  a  short 
time,  he  was  ap|iointed  ])rofcHsor  of  oratory  in 
Brown  university.  He  entered  congress  in  1823. 
Prom  him  Mr.  Jtandoljjh  received  such  a  retort  oa 
from  no  one  else,  —  u  rebuke  that  silenced  him  : 
"  Moral  monsters  cannot  propagate  ;  —  we  rejoice 
that  the  father  of  lies  can  never  become  the  father 
of  liars."  In  1835  he  retired  to  private  life.  Ho 
was  a  diligent  student  of  the  Bible.  His  memoirs 
were  by  H.  L.  Bowen.  He  published  live  ora- 
tions at  dillerent  times,  and  several  sjieechcs  in 
congress, 

Bl'BGESS,  BicxJAMlX,  died  in  Wayne,  Me., 
June  13, 1853,  aged  102,  leavhig  17U  descendants. 

BUliGKSS,  Mrs.  N.  M.  Hai.l,  missioimry  to 
the  Indians  on  the  Alleghany  reservation,  died 
Dec.  30,  1851.  For  sixteen  yenrsshe  had  labored 
with  her  brother,  Kev.  W.  Hall,  devoted  to  her 
work,  ller  end  was  peaceful,  sayuig,  "Dear  Sav- 
iour, come  quickly ! "  She  hud  been  married  but  a 
few  weeks. 

BUllOESS,  Mrs.,  missionary  at  Satara  in 
India,  died  April  2(),  1853,  the  wife  of  I-].  Burgess. 
She  was  at  Ahmednuggur  in  1849.  F'rom  the 
time  of  her  arrival  at  S.,  in  1851,  she  was  devoted 
to  her  work,  in  the  schoob,  with  the  native  wo- 
men, and  in  the  church. 

BUllGOYNFi,  John,  a  British  lieutenant-gen- 
eral in  America,  died  Aug.  4,  1792.  He  was  the 
natural  son  of  Lord  Bingley.  He  entered  early 
••ito  the  army,  and  in  17C2  had  the  command  of  a 
l)ody  of  troops,  sent  to  I'ortugal  for  the  defence 
of  that  kingdom  against  the  Sjiaiiiards.  After 
his  return  to  iMigland  he  became  a  privy  council- 
lor, and  was  chosen  a  member  of  i)arliament.  In 
the  American  war  he  was  with  the  British  army 
in  Boston,  at  the  battle  of  Bunker's  Hill  in  1775, 
and  in  the  same  year  was  sent  to  Canada.  In 
the  year  1777  he  was  intrusted  with  the  command 
of  the  northern  army,  which  should  rather  have 
been  given  to  Sir  Guy  Carlton,  who  was  much 
better  acquainted  with  the  situation  of  the  couu- 


nrnoo'V'XR. 


ninnoYNF. 


ir.3 


try.  It  wnn  the  «' jcct  of  tlir  rainiminn  of  1777 
to  opni  o  ('ommiiiiicutinii  lii'twccn  Ni'w  York  niitl 
Ciiiiaila,  null  thus  (o  nvwr  Ni'W  KiikIiiimI  from 
till'  oilier  Slatct.  lliirKouiu  llrnt  propoMfd  to  |m)h- 
iio»H  hiiiiNt'lfortlic  riirircNs  of 'I'lioiuKroj,';!.  With 
nil  iiriny  of  iiliout  l.dtio  i'Iidhcii  llritihli  iroopH  uiiil 
Gi'rniiiiiN,  he  Icfl  St.  Johti'H  Juiii'  0,  and,  |iro<Tcd- 
itig  ii|)  lake  (.'li:iin|ilain,  hiiidcd  near  Crown  I'oiiit, 
wlicri-  he  met  the  Indians  and  ^avc  th<  in  a  war 
fciMt.  llo  niadu  n  N]ivi>c'h  to  them,  ralciilated  to 
Hi'curn  tiieir  friendly  co-operation,  Imt  dcHi^ned 
oIno  to  mitJKUti'  their  native  ferocity.  He  en- 
deavored to  imprcNH  on  them  tlu^  dtstinction 
between  enemicH  in  the  field  and  helplesH,  un- 
armed iiihulntantN,  and  proniiNed  reward.^  for 
priNuiierN,  hut  none  for  Mculpit.  The  attempt  to 
lay  Homu  reHtraint  u]ion  the  nio<le  of  warlare, 
adopted  by  the  wavugcK,  in  honornlile  to  the 
humanity  of  l)urK<>yne  i  hut  it  may  not  he  eany  to 
juHtify  the  connection  with  an  ally,  u|)<)n  whom  it 
WUH  well  known  no  effectual  reNtraiiitM  could  he 
luid.  lie  uIno  published  on  June  '2'.lt\\,  u  niniii- 
fuHto,  intcjided  to  alarm  the  i)eoj)le  of  the  coun- 
try, through  which  he  was  to  march,  and  con- 
cluded it  with  Nuyinj;:  "L  trust  1  shall  stand 
ac(iuitted  in  the  eyes  of  God  and  ninii  in  ilenouiic- 
iiig  and  executhi)^  the  vengeanco  of  the  State 
against  the  wilful  outcasts.  The  messengers  of 
justice  and  of  wrath  uwait  them  in  the  field,  and 
devastation,  famine,  and  every  concomitant  hor- 
ror, that  u  reluctant  but  indispensable  prosecution 
of  military  duly  must  occasion,  will  bur  the  way 
to  their  return." 

On  the  first  of  July  he  proceeded  to  Ticonder- 
oga,  where  Gen.  St.  Clair  was  stationed  with 
about  !1,0()0  ell'ective  rank  aiid  file,  many  of  whom 
were  without  bayonets.  The  works  were  exten- 
sive and  incomplete,  and  required  10,000  men  for 
their  delence.  The  liritish  army  was  larger  than 
had  been  expected.  When  the  investment  was 
almost  complete.  Gen.  St.  Clair  called  a  council 
of  war,  and  the  immediate  evacuation  of  the  fort 
was  unanimously  advised.  Prepuralioiis  for  the 
retreat  were  accordingly  made  in  the  night  of  July 
6th.  Burgoyne  the  next  morning  engaged  in  the 
pursuit,  and  with  the  grand  division  of  the  army  in 
gmi-boats  and  two  frigates  proceeded  to  the  falls  of 
Skeensborough ;  but,  meeting  with  opposition  in 
this  place  from  the  works  wliich  had  been  con- 
structed, he  returned  to  South  Bay,  where  he 
landed,  lie  followed  the  Americans,  however, 
from  Skeensborough  to  fort  Edward  on  the  llyd- 
son  river,  where,  oiler  conducting  his  army  with 
incredible  labor  and  fatigue  through  the  wilder- 
ness, he  arrived  July  30.  Had  he  returned  to 
Ticonderogn,  and  embarked  on  lake  George,  he 
might  easily  have  proceeded  to  fort  George, 
whence  there  was  a  wagon  road  to  fort  Edward. 
But  he  dishked  the  appearance  of  a  retrograde 
motion,  though  it  would  have  brought  him  to  the 


\hrr  of  liU   (!(iit  illation    llllirh   mot  i  r  iid   Milh 
miiili    lent    dillUuliy.      Or    i 'i   np|roa(li   <<in. 
Schu)  hr,  who  had  li«'eii  jo'  ,    I  l>v  it.  Cluir,  passed 
over   to   the  west    bniil     of   '''r»    IIikIkoii,   and 
retreated  to  .Saratoga.     C  .1.  i'.i.  Lrgi  r  hud  heeti 
destini'd  to  reach  Albany  trmii  Canada  liy  a  iliirer- 
eiit   rmile.     lie  was  to  ascend  the  St.  Lawrence 
to   Lake  Ontario  I  nnd  thence   to  proceed   iHiwn 
the  Mdiawk.     He  hud  arcoriliiigly  reached  the 
lieadof  iliis  river,  and  was  investing  fort  Schujler, 
formerly  called  fort  Stanwix,  when  hitellignue  of 
his  o|i-ratioiis  was  lirought  to  Burgoyne,  w ho  per- 
cci\ed  the  iniportaiiee  of  a  rajiid  moveinenl  down 
the  Hudson  in  order  to  aid  him  in  hi-t  |)roject,  and 
to  effect  the  junction  of  the  troops.    But  this  inten- 
tion could  not  be  executed  without  thi-  aid  of  ox 
teams,  carriages,  and  provisions.    In  order  to  jiro- 
ciire  them  he  detached  Lieut.  Col.  Ilaiimwith  aUiut 
six  liundrcd  men  to  Keiiiiiiigton,  n  iilaee  a))oiit 
twenty-four  miles  to  the  eastward  of  Hudson's  river, 
where  large  supplies  were  deijosited  for  the  north- 
cm  American  army.     But  Baum  was  defeated  at 
Walloon  creek,  about  seven  miles  from  Benning- 
ton, Aug.  10th,  niul  Col.  Ilreyman,  who  had  ad- 
vanced to  his  assistance  with  about  five  hundred 
men,  was  oi.iiged  to  retreat.    This  was  the  first 
check  which  the  northern  army  received.    Thi» 
disaster  was  followed  in  a  few  days  by  another; 
for  St.  I.cger,  being  deserted  by  his  Indian  oUicH, 
who  were  alurmud  by  the  approach  of  Gen.  Arnold 
and  by  a  report  of  the  defeat  of  Burgojnie,  wai 
obliged  to  raise  the  siege  of  fort  Schuyler  in  such 
hasite,  that  the  artillery,  with  a  great  part  of  the 
liafTgage,  amniunition,  and  provisions  fell  into  the 
hands  of  the  Americans.    As  he  returned  imme- 
diately to  Canada,  Burgoyne  was  cut  off  from  the 
hoiic  of  being  strengthened  by  a  junction,  and 
the  American  forces  were  enabled  to  concentrate 
themselves  in  order  to  oppose  him.    Gen.  Gates 
arrived,  to  supersede  Schuyler  and  to  take  the 
command  of  the  northern  American  army,  Aug. 
lOth  i  and  his  jjrcsence,  with  the  recent  events, 
procured  a  vast  accession  of  miUtia,  and  insjiircd 
them  with  the  hope  of  capturing  the  whole  Brit- 
ish army.    Burgoyne  was  prevented  from  com- 
mencing his  march  by  the  necessity  of  transport- 
ing   provisions   from    fort   George,    and    every 
moment's  delay  increased  the  difficulty  of  pro- 
ceeding.   Having  thro'wn  a  bridge  of  boats  over 
the  Hudson,  he  crossed  that  river  Sept.  13th  and 
14th,  and  encamped  on  the  heights  and  plains  of 
Saratoga.    Gates  immediately  advanced  towards 
him,  and  encamped  three  miles  above  Stillwater. 
Burgoyne  was  not  averse  to  battle.    He  accord- 
ingly approached,  and  on  tiin   lOlh   the   action 
commenced  at  about  three  o'clock  and  lasted  till 
night,  when  the  Americans  under  the  command 
of  Arnold  retired  to  their  camj).    The  loss  on  the 
part  of  the  Americans  in  killed  and  wounded  was 
between  three  and  four  hundred.    The  loss  of 


I 


1G4 


BURGOYNE. 


BURGOYNE. 


i 


the  British  was  about  six  hundrpd.  BurRojTio 
now  I'oiind  tlmt  liic  I'lii'iiiy,  wiiieii  l>o  Iiiul  to  iiici't, 
WUH  hIjIu  to  sustain  iiu  attack  in  o])cii  ])laiiis  with 
t'ac  intri'ijjdity  and  \hv  spirit  of  vi'tcrans.  As  liu 
had  pvcn  up  all  communication  with  the  lakes, 
lie  now  li'lt  till'  necessity  of  a  diversion  in  his  favor 
I;y  the  British  army,  lie  accordinjjly  wrote  u]ion 
this  subject  in  the  most  j)ressinj^  manner  to  Sir 
William  Howe  and  (ien.  Clinton;  hut  no  eifectual 
aid  was  alForiU'd.  He  was  also  at  this  time  de- 
serted l)y  his  Indian  allies,  who  liad  been  disa]'- 
I)ointe(l  in  tiieir  iiojies  of  plunder,  and  whose 
enthusiasm  was  chilled.  'J'hese  hordes  of  the 
wilderness,  of  whom  in  his  proclamation  he 
boasted,  that  "he  hud  but  to  hft  his  arm  and 
beckon  l>v  a  stretch  thereof,"  and  they  would 
execute  his  vengeance,  were  now  "  deaf  to  every 
consideriition  of  honor,  and  unmoved  by  any  re])- 
resev.t.ition  made  to  them  of  the  distress,  in  which 
their  secession  would  involve  him."  Difliculties 
thickened  around  him.  His  army  was  reduced  to 
about  live  thousand  men,  and  they  were  limited 
to  half  the  usual  allowance  of  jirovision.  As  the 
stock  of  Ibra^o  was  entirely  exhausted,  his  horses 
were  jjerishinj;  in  great  numbers.  The  ^\nierican 
army  was  so  much  augmented,  as  to  render  him 
diilident  of  nuildng  good  his  retreat. 

In  this  exigency  ho  resolved  to  examine  the 
Tjossibility  of  advancing,  or  of  dislodging  the 
Americans,  and  of  removing  them  to  a  greater 
distance,  so  as  to  favor  his  retreat,  if  he  should  be 
under  the  necessitv  of  resorting  to  that  melan- 
choly expedient.  For  this  putposo  he  detached 
n  body  of  1500  men,  which  he  led,  attended  by 
Generals  I'hilijjs,  lleidoscl,  and  I'razer.  This  de- 
tachment, on  the  seventh  of  October,  had  scarcely 
formed  within  less  than  half  a  mi)"  of  the  Amer- 
ican intrcnehments,  when  a  furious  attack  was 
made  on  its  left,  by  the  direction  of  Gates,  who 
'  had  perceived  the  movements  of  the  British. 
Arnold  soon  j)ressed  hard  on  tlie  right  under 
Burgoync,  which  with  the  loss  of  the  iicld  j)ieces 
and  great  part  of  the  artillery  corps  retreated  to 
the  cami).  The  Americans  followed,  and  assaulted 
the  works  throughout  their  whole  extent  from 
right  to  left.  The  works  were  actually  forced 
towards  the  close  of  the  day,  and  Col.  John 
Brooks,  wiio  had  dislodged  the  German  reserve, 
occupied  the  gromid,  which  ho  liad  gained.  In 
this  action  Burgoyne  lost  a  number  of  his  best 
officers,  among  whom  were  Gen,  Fra/er  find  Col. 
Breyman,  many  privates  killed,  and  two  hundred 
token  prisoners,  with  nine  j)icces  of  brass  artillery 
and  the  encampment  and  equi])rtge  of  the  German 
brigade.  After  the  disasters  of  the  day  he  took 
advantage  of  the  night  to  change  his  position, 
and  to  secure  himself  in  the  strong  camj)  on  tlic 
heights.  But  apprehensive  of  being  inclosed  on 
all  sides,  lie  tlie  next  evening  commenced  his 
retreat  to  Soi-atoga,  where  he  arrived  on  the  raorii- 


I  ing  of  the  tenth.  In  his  march  all  the  dwelling- 
houses  on  his  route  w(  re  reduced  to  ashes.  This 
I  movement  had  been  foreseen,  and  a  force  was 
already  stationed  in  his  rear  to  lie  ready  to  cut 
off  his  retreat.  No  means  of  extricating  himself 
fri.m  d"''iculty  was  now  left  him,  but  to  abandon 
his  baggage  and  artillery,  and  by  fording  the 
Hudson  to  escape  to  fort  George  through  roi'ds 
impassable  by  wagons.  Of  this  last  resource  ho 
was  deprived  by  the  precaution  of  Gates,  who 
had  jiostcd  strong  parties  at  the  fords,  so  that 
they  could  not  be  ])assed  without  artillery.  In 
this  dilemma,  when  his  army  was  reduced  to  about 
3,500  lighting  men,  and  there  was  no  means  of 
procuring  a  supply  of  provisions,  which  were 
almost  exhausted,  he  called  a  council  of  war,  and 
it  was  unanimously  agreed  to  enter  into  a  conven- 
tion with  Gen,  Gates,  The  troops  of  Burgojnie 
were  at  first  required  to  gronnd  their  arms  in  their 
oncampincnts  and  yield  themselves  prisoners  of 
war;  but  this  demand  was  immediately  rejected, 
and  the  American  general  did  not  think  it  neces- 
sary to  insist  upon  the  rigorous  terms  jirojioscd. 
The  convention  was  signed  Oct.  17th,  and  the 
British  army  on  the  same  day  marched  out  of 
their  encampment  with  all  the  honors  of  war.  It 
was  stiimlated,  that  they  should  be  jiermitted  to 
embark  for  England,  and  should  not  i;erve  against 
the  United  States  during  the  war.  The  whole 
number  of  jirisoners  was  <'),~o'2.  Burgoyne's  army 
in  July  had  consisted  of  upwards  of  9,000  mon. 
The  army  of  Gates,  including  2000  sick,  amouited 
to  13,200. 

The  army  of  Burgoync  was  escorted  to  Cam- 
bridge, where  it  was  kept  till  Nov.  of  the  follow- 
ing year,  when  congress  directed  its  removal  to 
Charlotteville  in  Virginia.  This  detention  of  the 
troops  was  through  fear,  that  the  convention 
would  be  broken,  and  until  a  ratification  of  it  by 
the  court  of  Great  Britain.  Burgoync  liimself 
had  obtained  permission  to  rcjiair  to  England  on 
parole,  where  he  arrived  in  May,  1778.  He  met 
a  very  cool  reception,  and  was  denied  admission 
to  the  presence  of  liis  sovereign.  He  was  even 
ordered  immediately  to  rejiair  to  America  as  a 
prisoner;  but  th'e  ill  state  of  his  health  prevented 
his  com])liance.  At  length  he  was  permitted  to 
vindicate  his  character;  soon  after  which  he 
resigned  his  emoluments  from  government  to  the 
amount  of  upwards  of  1. '5,000  dollars  a  year.  la 
1777  there  was  published  at  London  "a  reply  to 
his  letter  to  his  constituents,"  doubtless  written  by 
Lord  Sackville,  the  secretary  of  the  American 
department,  on  whom  Burgoyne  had  thrown  the 
blame  of  the  failure  of  the  expedition.  This  j)am- 
jihlct  exhibits  some  of  the  pecuUarities  of  the 
style  of  Junius,  and  furnishes  one  of  the  reasons 
for  the  belief,  that  Lord  Sackville  was  the  author 
of  the  letters  of  Junius, 

Towards  the  close  of  the  year  1781,  when  a 


BURGOYNE. 

majority  of  parliament  si'inicd  resolved  to  pcrsitit  ! 
in  tile  war,  hejoineil  ihe  (i|i])o,siiio:i,  anil  advocatcil ' 
ft  motion  lor  the  disconliiuiaMee  of  the  fniilless 
contest.  He  knew,  that  it  was  im])ossil)le  to 
conciuer  America.  "Passion, prejiidice, and  inter- 
est," said  ho,  "may  operate  sndilonly  and  ])ar- 
tially ;  ont  when  wc  see  one  prineiple  pervading 
the  whole  continent,  the  Americans  resolutely 
encounterin;;  diiliculty  and  death  for  u  course  of 
years,  it  must  he  a  stronj;  vanity  and  presumption 
in  our  own  minds,  which  can  only  lead  us  to  im- 
agine that  they  are  not  in  the  right."  From  the 
peace  till  liis  death  he  lived  as  n  private  gentle- 
man, devoted  to  pleasure  and  the  muses.  His 
death  was  occasioned  by  a  fit  of  the  gout.  He 
published  a  letter  to  his  constituents,  5th  ed., 
177'J;  state  of  the  expedition  from  Canada,  1780; 
the  maid  of  the  oaks,  an  entertainment;  '^on  ton, 
and  the  heiress,  a  comedy,  which  were  onee  very 
popular,  and  are  considered  as  respectable  (ira- 
matic compositiims.  —  Sledmaii,l.  318-3tj7;  Mur- 
shull,  III.  231-291,  393;  Wanrii,  II.  l-.jS ; 
Holmes,  II.  2()!)-27j;  L'aiiisdi/,  ii.  27-00;  (jor- 
don,  II.    47(>— 190,    238-o7S;  Annual  U,ij.  for 

1777,  111-170; /or  1778,-190-200;  Cull.  I'lisl. 
Soc.  II.  10-1-12-1 ;  Junius  Unmnshfil. 

BUlllIANS,  Danux,  1).  1).,  died  at  Tough- 
keepsie  Dec.  30,  1853,  aged  90.  He  was  at  an 
early  period  of  his  life  an  l']pisco])al  minister  in 
Lancsborough. 

BUKKF,  Akdanus,  a  judge  of  the  court  of 
chancery  in  South  Carolina,  died  March  30,  1802, 
aged  09.  He  was  a  native  of  Gahvay  in  Ireland. 
At  the  beginning  of  the  llovolution  ho  ca  nc  as 
a  volunteer  to  fight  for  American   liberty.      In 

1778,  he  was  api)ointed  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court.  In  1789  he  was  a  delegate  to  congress. 
The  establishment  of  the  society  of  the  Cincinnati 
■was  opposed  by  him  with  great  zeal.  He  died  at 
Charleston.  He  was  on  earnest  republican ; 
honest,  yet  eccentric;  in  the  administration  of 
justice  inflexibly  upright.  He  published  an  ad- 
dress to  the  freemen  of  the  State  of  South  Caro- 
lina by  Cossius,  1783,  in  which  he  recommended  a 
gen.'ral  amnesty;  considerations  upon  the  order 
of  the  Cincinnati,  nsS.  —  Oordou,  iv.  39C; 
Warren,  in.  288;  Hamsay's  S.  C.  I.  477. 

BURKE,  John  Doly,  author  of  a  history  of 
Virginia,  was  a  native  of  Ireland  and  educated  at 
Trinity  college.  Coming  to  America  in  1797,  Ytc 
conducted  for  a  short  time  a  jiajjor  at  Boston  and 
afterwards  at  New  York,  where  he  was  arrested 
under  the  sedition  law.  At  the  Boston  theatre 
he  was  made  the  master  of  ceremonies.  lie  was 
killed  in  a  duel  with  Felix  Cocpiel"  rt,  a  Frcneli- 
man,  in  consequence  of  a  jjol'iical  disputo,  Ayiril 
12,  1808.  He  published  a  history  of  Virginia 
from  its  first  settlement  to  1804,  in  3  vols.  An 
additional  volume,  the  joint  production  of  Mr. 
Jones  and  Mr.  Girardin,  woa  pubUshcd  in  1810. 


nUUXET. 


m 


He  ])ublished  also  Bunker  Ilill^  a  tragedy j 
Itellilem  (iaiior,  an  historical  draaui,  1803;  on 
or.'.ticn,  delivered  M^ircli  I,  ISOS. 

]5L'KN.\nY,  .Vnihikw,  a  cler;:ynian.  pulillshcd 
Travels  through  the  middle  settlenients  of  North 
America  in  1709  and  17(10,  Ito.  lT7(i. 

liUllN.M',  Jacdd,  1).  1).,  first  minister  of  Mcr- 
rimac,  N.  H.,  died  Dec.  20,  lS21,aged73.  Ho 
was  born  in  Reading,  Mass.,  Nov.  2,  1748,  and 
was  a  descendant  of  Isaac,  whodli'd  l(!07.  After 
graduating  at  Harvard  college  in  1770,  ho  studied 
theology  with  Thomas  Haven,  of  Reading,  a  nmn 
of  ])roibund  erudition,  of  great  mildness  and  gen- 
tleness, and  of  remarkable  patience  under  severe 
trials,  whose  examide  taught  his  jiupils  much  of 
the  spirit  of  religion.  The  chureh  of  Merrimao 
was  constituted  Sept.  0,  1772,  and  Mr.  Burnap, 
was  ordiiined  Oct.  Mlh.  After  a  ministry  of 
nearly  filly  years  he  died.  By  his  second  wife, 
ElI/.al)oth,  sister  of  Gov.  John  Brooks,  who  died 
in  1810,  he  had  thirteen  children.  Two  of  his 
sons  graduated  at  Harvard  college.  'With  a  sound 
judgment  and  vi .jin-ous  [jowers,  he  diligently  stud- 
ied the  Scrii)i\n-es  in  the  original  languages.  In 
his  sentiments  he  escaped  the  extremes  of  ortho- 
doxy and  liberahty.  In  bis  disjjo.sliion  he  was 
kind  and  catholic.  He  published  an  ovation  ou 
indepeiulenee,  1808,  and  the  following  sermons: 
at  a  fast,  1799:  at  the  election,  1801;  on  the 
death,  of  S.  {'handler,  ISOO;  of  R.  M.  Davidson, 
1808  ;  of  R.  Tarker.  1S09  ;  of  Sarah,  Samuel,  and 
Joanna  Spaulding,  1810;  of  J.  Kidder  1818;  at 
the  tlrmksgiving,  1811;  at  Mtrrimac,  1819,  and 
Dec.  2«),  1H20,  two  centuries  from  the  settlement 
of  N.  l\.  —  F(:rmn-'s  Collect.  U.  70-79. 

BIRNin',  AV'ii.i.iAM,  governcn-  of  several  of 
the  American  colonies,  died  Sejjt.  ',  1729.  He 
was  the  eldest  son  of  the  ceklirated  Bishop 
Burnet,  and  was  born  at  the  Hague  in  March, 
1088.  He  was  named  William  after  the  I'rince 
of  Orange,  who  stood  his  godfather.  Previously 
to  liis  coming  to  this  country,  he  possessed  a  con- 
siderable fortune ;  but  it  had  been  wrecked  in  the 
South  Sea  scheme,  which  reduced  many  opulent 
families  to  indigence.  In  the  year  1720  he  was 
ajjpohited  governor  of  New  Y'orkand  New  Jersey 
in  the  jilaco  of  Robert  Hunter,  who  sueeeeded 
Mr.  Burnet  us  coir. jjt roller-general  of  the  accounts 
of  the  customs,  a  place  worth  1200  hundred 
pounds  per  annum.  He  arrived  iit  New  York 
and  took  u])on  him  the  government  of  tiiat 
province  Sept.  17,  1720.  Ik  continued  in  this 
station  till  his  removal  in  172K.  None  of  his  jire- 
decessors  had  such  extensive  and  just  views  of  the 
Indian  affairs,  and  of  the  dangerous  neighborhood 
of  the  French,  whose  advances  ho  was  fully  de- 
termined to  check.  He  penetrated  into  their 
p(<licy,  being  convinced  from  tlieir  possessing  the 
main  passes,  from  their  care  to  conciliate  the 
natives,  and  from  the  increase  of  their  settlements 


n 


166 


BURNET. 


in  Loumnna,  that  the  llritish  colonies  had  much 
to  fear  from  tlioir  arts  and  [jowcr.  In  his  first 
speech  to  the;  assemhly  lie  exj)resse(l  his  a])])re- 
hcnsions  and  endeavored  to  awaken  the  suspicion 
of  the  members.  Afjreeably  to  his  desire,  an  act 
was  ])assed  at  the  first  session,  jirohihitinf^  the  sale 
of  such  floods  to  the  French,  as  were  suitable  for 
the  Inditui  trade.  This  was  a  wise  and  necessary 
measure ;  for,  by  mc.ins  of  p;oods,  procured  from 
Albany  and  transported  to  Canada  by  the  Mo- 
hawk and  lake  Ontario,  the  French  were  enabled 
to  divert  the  fur  trade  from  the  Hudson  to  the  St. 
Lawrence,  and  to  corru])!  the  fidelity  of  the  Indian 
allies.  I3ut,  wise  and  necessary  as  this  measure 
was,  a  clamor  was  raised  aj^ainst  it  by  those,  whoso 
interests  were  affected.  The  governor,  however, 
was  not  jjrevented  from  pursuing  his  plans  for  the 
pul)lic  widfaro.  lie  perceived  the  im])ortance  of 
obtaining  the  command  of  lake  Ontario,  in  order 
to  frustrate  the  i)roject  of  the  French  for  establish- 
ing a  chain  of  forts  from  Canada  to  Louisiana,  so 
as  to  confine  the  English  colonies  to  narrow  limits 
along  the  seacoast.  For  this  jnu-jjoso  he  began 
the  erection  of  a  trading-house  at  Oswego,  in  the 
country  of  the  Seneca  Indians,  in  1722.  In  this 
year  there  was  a  congress  at  Albany  of  the  sev- 
eral governors  and.  commissioners  on  the  renewal 
of  the  ancjjnt  friendshij)  with  the  Indians;  and 
Governor  jJurnct  ])ersuaded  them  to  send  a  mes- 
sage to  the  eastern  Indians,  threatening  them  with 
war,  unless  they  concluded  a  peace  with  the  lOng- 
lish,  who  had  been  much  harassed  by  theii-  fre- 
quent irruptions. 

Another  circumstance,  in  addition  to  the  act 
above  mentioned,  increased  the  disaffection  of  the 
people  to  ''v.-  governor.  As  he  sustained  the  oBice 
of  chancellor,  he  paid  great  attention  to  its  duties. 
Though  he  was  not  a  lawyer,  he  in  general  trans- 
acted the  business,  \\liich  was  brought  before 
liim,  with  correctness  and  ability.  He  had,  how- 
ever, one  failing,  which  discpialified  him  for  a 
station,  that  sometimes  required  a  patient  a])pli- 
cation  of  mind.  His  decisions  were  jjrecipitate. 
He  used  to  say  of  himself,  "  I  act  first,  and  think 
afterwards."  As  some  cases  were  brought  before 
him,  in  which  the  path  of  justice  was  not  so  plain 
as  to  be  instantly  seen,  and  as  the  establishment 
of  the  court  itself  without  the  consent  of  the 
iissembly  was  considered  as  a  grievance,  Mr. 
Burnet  saw  a  strong  party  rise  against  him.  His 
services  were  overlooked  and  his  removal  Ijccanie 
necessary.  Such  was  his  disinterested  zeal  in 
prosecuting  his  plan  of  opposition  to  the  French, 
that  after  they  had  built  a  large  storehouse  and 
repaired  the  fort  at  Niagara  in  1720,  he  in  the 
following  year,  at  his  own  expense,  built  a  fort  at 
Oswego  for  the  protection  of  the  post  and  trade. 
This  was  a  measure  of  the  highest  imjiortunce  to 
the  colonies.  In  the  government  of  New  Jersey, 
which  he  enjoyed  at  the  same  time  with  that  of 


BURNET. 

New  York,  no  event  of  interest  took  jilace.  In 
the  session  of  the  assembly.  In  the  year  1721,  a 
bill  was  hitroduced,  which  was  sup])osed  to  have 
originated  with  the  governor,  entitled,  "  an  act 
against  denying  the  divinity  of  our  Savioiu'  .Jesus 
Christ,  the  doctrine  of  the  l)lessed  Trinity,  the 
truth  of  the  holy  Scrijjturo,  and  spreriding  atheis- 
tical books;  "  but  it  was  rejected. 

Mr.  Burnet  was  succeeded  in  his  governments 
by  John  Montgomeric,  to  whom  he  delivered  the 
great  seal  of  the  ])rovincc  of  New  York,  Ajiril  h'), 
1728.  He  left  New  York  with  reluctance,  for  liy 
his  marriage  with  the  daughter  of  Vanhorne  he 
had  become  connected  with  a  numerous  family, 
and  he  had  formed  a  strict  intimacy  and  friendship 
with  several  gentlemen  of  learning  and  worth. 
Being  aj)pointed  governor  of  Massachusetts  and 
New  Hampshire,  he  reached  Boston  July  13,  1728, 
and  was  received  with  unusual  jjomp.  In  his  speech 
to  the  assembly,  July  24,  he  made  known  his  in- 
structions to  insist  upon  a  fixed  salary,  and  ex- 
l)ressed  his  intention  firmly  to  adhere  to  them. 
Thus  the  controversy,  which  had  been  agitated 
during  the  administration  of  his  predecessor, 
Shute,  was  revived.  On  the  one  hand  it  was 
contended,  that  if  the  sujjport  of  the  governor 
dejiended  ujion  an  annual  grant,  he  would  be  laid 
under  constraint,  and  would  not  act  with  the 
necessary  indc])end(Micc  and  regard  to  the  rights 
of  the  king.  On  the  other  hand  it  was  asserted, 
that  the  charter  gave  the  assembly  a  full  right  to 
raise  and  a])proi)riate  all  moneys  for  the  support 
of  government,  and  that  an  honorable  su])port 
would  always  I)e  afibrdcd  to  a  worthy  chief  magis- 
trate, without  rendering  him  comjjletely  inde- 
pendent of  the  peo])le,  whose  interests  he  is 
l)ound  to  promote.  The  g<)\er]ior  pursued  the 
controversy  with  zeal,  but  without  success ;  and 
opi)osition  had  an  evident  effect  upon  his  spirits. 
A  violent  told,  occasioned  by  the  oversetting  of  his 
carriage  upon  the  causeway  at  Cambridge,  when 
the  tide  was  high,  was  followed  by  a  fever,  which 
terminated  his  life.  He  left  two  sons  and  a 
daughter.     He  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Belcher. 

Gov.  Burnet  was  a  man  of  superior  talents,  and 
in  many  respects  of  an  amiable  character.  His 
aciiuaintance  with  books  and  his  free  and  easy 
manner  of  communicating  his  sentiments  made 
him  the  delight  of  men  of  letters.  His  library 
was  one  ol  the  richest  private  collections  in 
America.  His  right  of  precedence  in  all  com- 
l)anics  rendered  him  the  more  excusable  in  indulg- 
ing his  natural  disposition  by  occujjjing  a  large 
share  in  the  conversation.  To  the  ladies  he  made 
himself  peculiarly  agreeable.  In  his  conduct  as  a 
governor  he  discovered  nothing  of  an  avaricious 
s])irit,  though  in  order  to  procure  supjjlies  for  his 
family  he  exceeded  the  bounds  of  tlie  law  in  de- 
manding fees  of  masters  of  vessels.  His  contro- 
versy \vith  the  assembly  respected  not  the  amoiuit 


BURNET. 


BURR. 


167 


of  his  salary,  Init  only  the  manner  in  which  it 
BhouKl  Ik!  ticcurcd  to  him.  In  his  (li,s])osal  of  j)ub- 
lic  othces  ho  wa.s  sometimcH  f^cneroiis,  thoufjh  he 
usually  preferred  those  who  would  favor  his 
cause,  and  displaced  some  who  ojiposed  him.  lie 
removed  from  his  jjosts  Mr.  Lynde,  a  member  of 
the  house,  whose  intefjrity  and  talents  were  un- 
questioned, merely  because  he  would  not  vote  for 
a  compliance  with  the  instructions  given  to  the 
governor.  By  this  measure  he  lost  many  of  his 
friends.  It  is,  howcvor,  highly  to  the  honor  of 
Mr.  Burnet,  that  an  immoral  or  unfair  character 
wa«  in  his  view  a  comjjlete  exclusion  from  office ; 
and  upon  tliis  princi])le  only  he  once  gave  his 
negative  to  the  election  of  a  member  of  the 
council. 

AVith  regard  to  his  religion,  he  firmly  believed 
the  truth  of  Christianity,  but  he  seems  not  to  have 
])osKesscd  all  tlio  seri(;usness,  whicli  would  have 
been  honorable  to  his  character,  nor  that  constant 
sense  of  obligation  to  the  Giver  of  all  good,  which 
the;  Christian  should  feel.  Being  invited  to  dine 
with  an  aged  gentleman,  who  had  been  a  senator 
under  the  old  charter,  and  who  retained  the  cus- 
tom of  sayhig  grace  silting,  he  was  a.sked.  whether 
it  would  be  more  agreeabh;  to  his  excellency,  that 
grace  should  be  said  sitting  or  standing.  Thi' 
governor  replied,  "  Standing  or  sitting,  any  way 
or  no  way,  just  as  you  please."  Another  miec- 
dote  is  the  following.  One  of  the  committee,  who 
went  from  Boston  to  meet  him  on  the  borders  of 
Rhode  Island,  was  the  facetious  Col.  Tailer.  Bur- 
net comjjlained  of  the  long  graces  which  were 
said  by  clergymen  on  thi)  road,  and  asked  when 
they  would  shorten.  Tailer  nnswered,  "  The 
graces  will  increase  in  length  till  you  come  to 
Boston;  after  that  they  will  shorten  till  you  come 
to  your  goverinnent  of  \ew  Hampshire,  where 
your  excellency  will  find  no  .'.'■race  at  all."  The 
governor,  though  the  son  /"  i  bishop,  was  not 
remcrkable  for  his  exact  attendance  ujion  public 
worshi]).  Mr.  Hutchinson,  one  of  his  successors, 
who  had  a  keener  sense  of  what  was  discreet,  it 
not  of  what  was  right,  thinks,  that  he  should  have 
conformed  more  to  the  customs  and  prejudices  of 
New  iMigland.  But  lie  had  no  talent  at  dissimu- 
lation, and  his  character  proscnled  itself  fully  to 
view.  He  did  not  appear  better  than  he  rcall\ 
was.  He  sometimes  wore  a  cloth  coat  lined  with 
velvet;  it  was  said  to  be  expressive  of  his  char- 
acter. By  a  clause  in  his  lust  will  he  ordered  his 
Ijody  to  be  hurled  in  the  nearest  chiu'chyard  or 
buryi;ig-ground,  as  he  had  no  attachment  to  par- 
ticular modes  and  forms. 

lie  published  some  astronomical  ol)servations 
in  the  transactions  of  the  royal  society,  and  an 
essay  on  Scripture  proj)heey,  wherein  he  endeav- 
ored to  explain  tiie  three  periods  contained  in 
the  twelfth  chapter  of  Daniel,  with  arguments 
to  prove,  tlmt  the  fu'st  period  expired  in  1715. 


This  was  published  1724,  Ito.,  ])p.  I(i7.  —  Smith 
Hint.  X.  y.  l.)l-17.'J,  ed.  in  Ito. ;  Hitlfliiiison,  II. 
;WL>-;i(i();  Il(lkiwp,U.  !)3-!),i;  ^f,n■sl,(lll,  I.  200- 
29!),  aOG;  Ciilmans  Life,  H)(! ;  ,h.lnm,n'»  Life, 
41,  42;  Miiuil,  i.  Gl;  S.  E.  Wixktij  Journal, 
Sept.  IJ,  172!). 

IJURNIVr,  M.\rniiAs,  1).  1).,  I'.piscopal  minis- 
ter at  Norwalk.Conn.,  graduated  at  I'rinceton  in 
1704  and  died  in  IHOO,  aged  about  0,).  He  pub- 
lished rellections  u])on  the  seiison  of  harvest,  and 
evidences  of  a  general  judgment,  two  sermons  in 
American  preacher,  li,  ill. 

BUllNKT,  Jacob,  Judge,  died  at  Cincinriati, 
May  10,  1Hj;J,  aged  K4.  A  native  of  Newark, 
N.  J.,  he  graduated  at  I'rincctrm  in  17!)1,  vi.sitcd 
Ohiii  in  17!)o,  and  settled  at  Cincinnati  in  179G. 
He  was  a  senator  of  the  U.  '>'.,  and  a  judge  of  the 
supreme  ;ourt  of  Ohio.  One  of  the  founders  of 
Ohio,  he  livel  to  see  the  few  early  settlers  of  Cin- 
cinnati uicreased  to  out;  hundred  and  thirty 
thousand.  At  the  ago  of  80  he  walked  the 
streets  erect,  .ind  ho  was  yet  interesting  by  his 
colloquial  jiowers.  AVashington  was  a  guest  in 
his  father's  Ikhisc.  Ho  retired  from  the  practice 
of  law  in  IHIO,  but  was  a  judge  of  the  sujjrome 
court  of  Ohio,  1S21-1N2.S;  then  a  senator  of  the 
U.  S.  By  the  early  jjurchase  of  lands  he  acquired 
a  fortune  of  a  half  a  million  or  more.  He  ])u1j- 
lished,  in  1K47,  Notes  on  the  Noiihwestern  Ter- 
ritorv,  instructi\e  and  very  interesting. 

iJUllNF.TT,  "W.U.IK)  J.",  M.  ]).,  died  in  Boston 
July  1,  18o4,  aged  2o,  a  jjliysician  and  naturalist, 
author  of  several  tracts  on  medical  subjects. 

]}L'ltNIIA.M,  JoiLN,  major,  died  in  Derry,  N.  II. 
in  184.'},  aged  !)(> :  he  fought  at  Bunker  Hill. 

BUllXHAM,  I.YDIA,  Mrs.,  died  in  Ciroton,  Vt., 
I'eb.  12,  1852,  aged  104  years  and  t)  months.  Her 
third  husband  died  in  1804. 

BUllNHAM,  Ar.UAiiAM,  I).  1).,  died  at  Bom- 
broke,  N.  H.,  Sept.  20,  1852,  aged  77.  He  was 
a  graduate  of  Dartmouth  in  1804.  His  character 
is  described  in  the  Recorder,  Oct.  7.  He  published 
a  sermon  at  ordination  of  A.  AV.  Burnham,  1821. 
BURXSIDF,  Samukl  }>l.,  died  at  Worcester 
July  29,  1850,  aged  67.  A  native  of  Northum- 
berland, and  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth  of  1805,  he 
studied  law,  and  was  a  literary  man  and  a  friend 
of  learning,  and  a  u^efnl  citizen.  He  married  a 
daughter  of  Dwight  Foster.  He  i)ublished  an 
oration  18i;{,  and  i  memoir  of  J.  Thomas  in 
Arel.U'ol.  Am.,  ll. 
i  BURR,  JoNAXlJ.w,  minister  of  Dorchester, 
died  .\ug.  il,  Kill,  agtd  157.  He  was  born  at 
]{edgrave  in  Su!!blk,  Fngkuid,  a'oout  the  year 
1004.  He  gave  early  indications  of  an  hupiisi- 
tive,  studious,  and  jaous  mind.  While  he  was 
much  attached  to  books,  the  Bible  was  ptcidiarly 
his  delight,  and  by  means  of  its  instructions, 
which  were  familiar  to  liim  from  childhood,  he 
was  laade  wise  to  balvation.    Hence  he  was  con- 


1G8 


BUKR. 


BURR. 


51  ti 


scicntioiis  in  Rocrct  prayer  j  his  whole  dt'iiortmcnt 
■WOK  guarded  and  serious;  and  his  Sabliaths  were 
entirely  ()ccuj)i(  d  in  tlio  exercises  becoming  a  day 
of  Iioly  rest.  His  pious  j)arents  observed  wilh 
satisfaction  the  i)romisiiig  diN])osition  of  their  son; 
and  iieing  desirous  to  consecrate  him  to  the  ser- 
vice of  God  and  liis  church,  determined  to  bestow 
upon  him  a  leanied  education.  He  was  accord- 
ingly sent  to  the  miiversity,  where  lie  continued 
three  or  four  years,  when  the  course  of  his  aca- 
demical studies  was  interru))ted  ijy  the  death  of 
his  father.  IJeing  comjjellcd  by  this  melancholy 
event  to  retire  into  the  country,  he  undertook  the 
instruction  of  a  school  j  but  he  stiil  jjursued  with 
imabating  ardor  his  design  of  accomplishing  him- 
self in  the  various  branches  of  knowledge.  The 
awful  providence  of  God,  he  would  remark,  by 
which  he  was  ])recluded  from  those  employments 
and  honors  in  the  university,  of  which  he  was 
veiy  fond,  ])ioduced  an  effect,  for  which  he  had 
reason  to  admire  the  ] )ivine  wisdom.  It  j)romoted 
in  him  a  humility  and  seriousness,  which  rendered 
him  more  fit  for  the  great  work  of  turning  many 
to  righteousness. 

After  having  jireached  for  some  time  at  Horn- 
ing, near  liury  in  Suffolk,  he  was  called  to  take 
the  charge  of  a  congregation  at  Reckingshal  in 
the  same  county.  Here  he  approved  himself  a 
failhl'ul  minister  of  the  gosjjel.  By  an  explicit 
and  solemn  covenant  he  obligated  himself  to  the 
most  conscientious  discharge  of  the  high  duties, 
devolved  upon  him.  He  often  and  earnestly 
l)rayed,  that  whatever  he  jjreached  to  others,  he 
might  ])reach  from  his  own  exjjerience.  Yet  he 
not  unf'rc(piently  lamented  to  his  friends,  "alas!  I 
j)rcach  not  what  I  am,  but  what  I  ought  to  be." 
Ik>ing  silenced  in  England,  with  many  others,  for 
resisting  the  nn])ositions  of  the  prelatical  party, 
and  apprehending  that  calamities  were  in  store 
for  the  nation,  he  came  to  New  England  in  1630, 
wilh  his  wife  and  three  children,  willing  to  forego 
all  worldly  advantages,  that  he  might  enjoy  the 
ordinances  of  the  gospel  in  their  ])uriiy.  He  was 
admitted  a  member  of  the  church  in  Dorchester 
under  the  jiastonil  care  of  llichard  Mather,  Dec. 
21.  He  was  in  a  short  time  invited  to  settle  as  a 
colleague  willi  Mr.  Mather  in  the  ministry;  but 
ijei'ore  accepting  the  invitation  a  misunderstand- 
ing arose,  which  made  it  necessary  to  ask  the 
advice  of  the  neighboring  churches.  A  council 
was  accordingly  called  Feb.  2,  Ki-tO,  consisting  of 
Governor  Winthroj)  and  another  magistrate  and 
ten  ministers.  Foui  days  were  spent  in  examin- 
ing and  discussing  the  affair.  It  ap])eared,  that 
Mr.  Burr  had  been  suspected  of  some  errors,  and, 
being  directed  to  give  Iris  o])inion  in  writing  to 
Mr.  Mather,  the  latter  liad  rejjortod  the  e.xce])- 
tionableexjiressions  and  the  erroneous  sentiments 
to  the  church,  without  alluding  to  the  qualifica- 
tions which  they  might  receive  from  other  parts 


of  the  writing.  These  errors  Mr.  Burr  disclaimed. 
The  council  declared,  that  both  these  good  men 
had  cause  to  be  humbled  for  their  failings,  and 
advised  them  to  set  a])art  a  day  for  reconciha'ion. 
This  was  accordingly  done.  The  sjjlrit  of  meek- 
ness and  love  triumjihed,  the  muaial  affection  of 
the  ministers  was  restored,  and  the  j)caco  of  the 
church  was  ha])])ily  rc-estabhshed.  Mr.  Burr, 
whose  faith  had  been  somewhat  shaken,  by  means 
of  the  discussion  was  confirmed  in  the  truth,  and 
he  humbled  himself  with  many  tears.  He  and 
his  family  were  in  tliis  year  token  sick  with  the 
small  pox,  which,  as  inoculation  was  not  practised, 
was  a  very  dangerous  disorder ;  but  he  happily 
recovered.  On  fliis  occasion  he  renewed  the  ded- 
ication of  himself  to  God,  resolving  to  act  only  for 
liis  glory  and  the  good  of  his  brethren,  and  not 
to  be  governed  by  selfishness ;  to  live  in  humility 
and  with  a  sense  of  his  comjdete  dejjendence  u])on 
Divine  grace;  to  l)e  watchful  over  his  own  heart 
lest  his  reliance  should  be  transferred  from  the 
Creator  to  the  creature;  to  be  mindful,  that  God 
heareth  prayer ;  nnd  to  bend  his  exertions  wilh 
more  diligence  for  the  j)romotion  of  jjious  affec- 
tions in  himself  and  in  his  family.  He  lived  after- 
wards answerably  to  these  holy  resolutions.  The 
most  ex])erienced  Christians  in  the  country  found 
his  ministry  and  his  whole  deportment  breathing 
much  of  the  sj)irit  of  a  better  world.  The  emi- 
nent Mr.  Hooker,  once  hearing  him  ])reacli,  re- 
marked, "  Surely  this  man  will  not  be  long  out  of 
heaven,  for  he  preaches  as  if  he  were  there 
already." 

Mr.  Burr  was  esteemed  both  in  England  and  in 
this  country  for  his  piety  and  learning.  His  mod- 
esty and  self-difhdence  were  uncommonly  great. 
He  could  wit'',  difficulty  imagine,  that  ];erfbrm- 
ances  such  as  his  could  be  productive  of  any 
good.  Yet  he  was  somelimes  most  hajjjjily  dis- 
appointed. Having  boen  by  much  imi;ortunity 
|)revailed  on  to  preach  at  a  distance  from  home, 
he  returned,  making  the  most  humiliating  reflec- 
tions on  his  sermon.  "  It  must  surely  be  of 
God,"  said  he,  "  if  any  good  is  done  by  so  un- 
worthy an  instrument."  Yet  this  sermon  was 
instrvmicntal  in  the  conversion  of  a  jjcrson  of 
eminence,  who  heard  it,  and  whose  future  life 
manifested  that  he  was  a  Christian  indeed.  It 
was  his  custom  on  the  Sabbath,  after  his  jjublic 
labors,  to  retire  to  his  closet,  where  he  sujjjdi- 
cated  forgiveness  of  the  sins  which  had  attended 
his  j)erf'ormances,  and  implored  the  1  )ivine  bl'jssing 
ujion  them.  He  then  spent  some  hours  in  jirayuig 
with  his  family  and  instructhig  them  ui  the  great 
truths  of  religion.  When  he  was  desired  to  relax 
his  excessive  exertions  to  do  good,  lest  he  .•should 
be  exhausted,  he  replied;  "  It  is  better  to  be  worn 
out  wilh  the  work,  than  to  be  eaten  out  with 
rust."  He  began  each  day  with  secret  jjrayer. 
lie  tlien  carefidly  meditated  on  a  chajiter  of  the 


BURR. 


nURR. 


169 


Bil)lc,  which  he  nftcrwnrds,  at  the  time  of  domes- 
tic worship,  expounded  to  his  family  and  such  j 
ni'i},'hl)orR  n»  wished  to  be   present.    A  similnr 
course   he  jjursucd   at  evening.     lie   generally 
8])ent  .some  time  after  dinner  in  praying  with  his  ; 
wife.     Immediately   liefore   retiring   to   rest,   lie 
employed  half  an  hour  in  recollecting  and  cou-  ! 
fessing  the  sins  of  the  day,  in  grateful  acknowl-  , 
cdgments  of  Divine  mercies,  and  \r  su])]ilicutions  ; 
to  'oe  ])re])arcd  for  sudden  death.     Previously  to 
each  celebration  of  the  liOrd's  .'-.niiper  he  kept 
with   his  wife  a  day  of  fasting   and  jirayer,  not  1 
merely  as  a  preparative  for  that  sarrod  ordinance,  ' 
but  as  a  season  for  imjiloring  the  '.ies.sing  of  God 
on  his  family  and  neighborhood.     Absence  from 
home  was  irksome  to  him,  particularly  as  it  de-  ; 
prived   him   of   those   opportunitic's  of  holding 
intercourse  with  Heaven  on  whicli  iic  j)laced  so 
great  a  value.     Hut  when  he  journeyed  with  his 
friends,  he  did  not  fail  to  edify  them  by  profitable 
conversation ;  especially  by  instructive  remarks  on 
such  objects  and  occurrences  as  presented  tlicm- 
sclves  to  his  attention.     In   the   recollection   of 
these  scenes  he  was  accustomed  to  inquire,  what 
good  had  been  done  or  gained,  what  useful  exam- 
ples seen,  and  what  valuable  instructions  heard. 

While  he  was  indefatigable  in  his  ministerial 
work,  he  was  not  anxious  for  any  other  reward 
than  what  he  found  in  the  service  itself.  If  any, 
who  hoped  that  they  had  received  spiritual  benefit 
through  his  exertions,  sent  him  expressions  of 
their  gratitude,  he  would  pray  that  he  might 
not  have  his  portion  in  these  things.  Nor  was 
he  backward  to  remind  his  grateful  friends,  that 
whatever  good  liiey  hid  received  through  him, 
the  glory  should  be  ascribed  to  God  alone.  It 
was  in  preaching  the  gospel  that  he  found  his 
highest  enjoyment  in  life.  In  proportion  to  the 
ardor  of  his  piety  was  the  extent  of  his  charity. 
He  sincerely  loved  his  fellow  men,  and  while  their 
eternal  interests  pressed  with  weight  on  his  heart, 
he  entered  with  lively  sympathy  into  their  tempo- 
ral afHietions.  Rarely  did  he  visit  the  poor  with- 
out communicating  wliat  was  comfortable  to  the 
body,  as  well  as  what  was  instructive  and  salutary 
to  the  soul.  When  he  was  reminded  of  tlie  im- 
portance of  having  a  greater  regard  to  liis  own 
interest,  he  replied  :  "  I  often  think  of  those  words  : 
'He  that  soweth  sparingly  shall  reap  sparingly.'" 
For  the  general  interests  of  religion  in  the  world 
he  felt  so  lively  a  concern,  that  his  personal  joys 
mid  sorrows  seemed  inconsiderable  hi  comparison. 
He  was  bold  and  zealous  in  withstanding  every- 
thing which  brought  dishonor  on  the  name  of 
God  J  but  under  jicrsonal  injuries  he  was  exem- 
plarily  meek  and  jiatient.  A\'heii  informed  that 
any  thought  meanly  of  him,  his  reply  was :  '•  I 
think  meanly  of  myself,  and  therefore  may  well  be 
content  that  others  think  meanly  of  me."  When 
charged  with  what  vras  faulty,  he  remarked  :  "  If 
22 


men  see   so  much  cril  in  mc,  what  does  God 

see?" 

In   his   last   sickness  he  exliibitcd  uncommon 
patience  and  submission.     He  was  perfectly  re- 
signed to  the  will  of  (jod.     Just  before  his  death, 
as  his  faith  was  greatly  tried,  and  he  endured  a 
sharp  eoidlict,  a  person  who  was  standing  liy  re- 
marked :  "  Tliis  is  one  of  Satan's   last  assaults ; 
he  is  a  subtle  enemy,  and  would,  if  it  were  jiossi- 
ble,  deceive  the  very  elect."     Mr.   ]?urr  rejieatcd 
the  ex])ression,  "  If  it  were  jiossible  ;"  and  added, 
1 "  but,  blessed   be   God,  there   is   no   possibility." 
He  then  requested  to  be  left  alone  for  prayer. 
I!ut  seeing  the  comiiany  reluctant  to  dejiart,  ho 
jirayed  in  Latin  as  long  as  he  had  strength.     He 
then  called  for  bis  wife,  and  steadfastly  fixing  his 
eyes  upon  her,  said,  "  Cast  thy  care  ujion  God, 
for  he  careth  for  thee."     He  soon  afterwards  ex- 
])lred.     He   left   four  children.     His  sons  were 
Jonathan,  John,  and  Simon  ;  the   former  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  college  in  1(531,  was  a  physician 
in  Hingham,  and  died  in  Canada  in  KilK).     His 
widow,  Frances,  married  Richard  Hummer,  with 
,  whom  she  lived  hap])ily  nearly  forty  years.  —  i)/a- 
thcr'x  Magit.,ni.  7K-S1;  Panoplist,  Sept.  1808; 
I  Savdf/e's  Winthrrip,  ii.  22;  llartisi'  IIinl.of  Dor- 
chcsler  in  Coll.  Hist.  Noc.  ix.  17.'i-l"o. 
j      BURR,1'ktkr,  chief  justice  of  Connecticut,  died 
[  in  1724,  aged  about  54.     He  was  the  grandson  of 
]  Jonathan,  and   graduated  at  Harvard  in    1690. 
I  He  was  appointed  judge  in   1711,  and  chief  jus- 
;  tice  in  1723.     His  son.  Rev.  Isaac  R.,  was  a  grad- 
uate of  Yale  in  1717,  and  died  in  1751. 
I 

I  BURR,  Aaron,  president  of  New  Jersey  col- 
lege, died  Sept.  24,  1757,  aged  41.  He  was  a 
j  native  of  Fairfield,  in  Connecticut,  and  was  born 
I  Jan.  4,  1716.  His  ancestors  for  a  number  of 
generations  had  hvcd  in  that  colony,  and  were 
persons  of  great  respectability.  His  father  was 
Daniel,  of  Fairfield,  ii  descendant  of  John,  of 
Springfield  and  Fairfield.  He  was  graduated  at 
Yale  college  in  1735.  In  1742  he  was  invited  to 
take  the  jiastoral  charge  of  the  I'resbyterian 
church  at  Newark  in  New  Jersey.  Here  he  be- 
came so  eminent  as  an  able  and  learned  divine 
and  an  accomjilishod  scholar,  that  in  1748  he  was 
unanimously  elected  jircsident  of  the  college, 
which  he  was  instrumental  in  founding,  as  suc- 
cessor to  Mr.  Dickinson.  The  college  was  re- 
moved about  this  time  from  I.lizabethtown  to 
Newark,  and  in  1757,  a  short  time  before  tlie 
death  of  Mr.  Uiirr,  to  I'riiiceton.  In  1754  he 
accompanied  Mr.  Whitcfield  to  Boston,  having  a 
high  esteem  for  the  character  of  that  eloquent 
iluierant  preacher,  and  greatly  rejoicing  in  the 
success  of  his  labors.  After  a  life  of  usefulness 
and  honor,  devoted  to  his  Master  in  heaven,  ho 
was  called  into  the  eternal  world  at  a  compara- 
tively early  age. 

President  Burr   had   a   slender   and   delicate 


170 


nuuR. 


DURR. 


frame ;  yet  to  encounter  fatiffue  he  hnd  a  heart 
of  Rttt'l.     To  amaziii}^  tali'ntH  for  the  disjiatch  of 
business,  he  joined  a  constancy  of  mind  that  com- 
moidy  secured  to  him  success.     As  hmg  as  an 
entcrjjrisc  aj)])eared   jiossiltle,  ho  yiehled   to  no 
discourafjemeut.      Tlie   flourisliin;^   state   of   the 
colk'f,'u  of  New  Jersey  was   niucli  owing  to   his 
great  and  assiduous  exertion.     It  was  in  a  jjrcat 
degree  owing  to  liis  inthience  witli  tlie  legishiture, 
and  to  his  intimacy  and  friendsliiii  witli  Governor 
Belcher,  that  the  charter  was  enlarged  in   1740. 
The  first  class  was  graduated  in  17 IH,  the  first 
year  of  his  jjrosidency.     ^^'hen  his  services  were 
requested  by  the  trustees  of  the   college  in  soli- 
citing donations  for  the  jiurchasc  of  a  Uhrary  and 
philosojihical  ai)])aratus,  and  for  erecting  a  build- 
ing for  the   accommodation  of  the  .students,  he 
engaged  with  his  usual  zeal  in  the  undertaking, 
and   everywhere   met   with   the    encouragement 
wliich   the   design   so   fully   deserved.    A  ))lace 
being  fixed  upon  at  Princeton  for  the  site  xu  '.he 
new  building,  the  superintendence  of  tliu    ^sork 
was  solely  committed   to  him.     Until  the  spring 
of  1757,  when  tlie  college  was  removed  to  New- 
ark, he  discharged  the  duties  both  of  president 
and  pastor  of  a  church.     Few  were  more  jjcrfcct 
in  the  art  of  rendering  themselves  agreeable  in 
company.     He  knew  the  avenues  to  the  luiman 
heart,  and  lie  possessed  the  rare  power  of  j)leas- 
ing  without  betraying  a  design  to  please.    As  he 
was  free  from   ostentation   and  parade,  no  one 
would  have  suspected  his  learning,  unless  his  sub- 
ject required  him  to  dis])lay  it,  luid  tlicn  every 
one  was  surjirised  that  a  jjcrson  so  well  acquaint- 
ed with  books  should  yet  possess  such  ease  in 
conversation  and  sucli  freedom  of  behavior.     He 
inspired  all  around  him  with  cheerfulness.     His 
arms  were  ojien  to  good  men  of  every  denomina- 
tion.   A  sweetness  of  temper,  obliging  courtesy, 
and  mildness  of  manner;;,  joined  to  an  engaging 
candor  of  sentiment,  sjiread  a  glory  over  his  rep- 
utation, and  endeared  his  person  to  rll  his  ac- 
quaintance.    Though  steady  to  his  own  jirinciijles, 
he  wo's  free  fioni  all  bigotry.     In  the  ])ulpit  he 
shone  with  superior  lustre.     He  was  fluent,  co- 
pious, sublime,  and  [lersuasive.     Having  a  clear 
and  harmonious  voice,  which  was  cajiable  of  ex- 
lires;;'ing  the  various  passions ;  and  taking  a  deep 
interest  in  liis  subject,  he  could  not  fail  to  roach 
the  heart.     His   invention  v    ■    exhau'-t less,  and 
his  elocution  was  equal  to  his  ideas.     He  was  not 
one  of  those  ju'cachers  v  ho  soothe  their  hearers 
with   a   delusive   liojie   of  safety,  who   substitute 
morality  in  the  place  of  holiness,  and  yield  the 
important  doctrines  of  the  gospel  through  fear  of 
displeasing  the  more  reputable  sinners.     He  in- 
sisted upon  the  great  and  luiiveisal  duty  of  repent- 
ance, as  all  were  guilty  and  cor.deninod  by  the 
iJivine  law.     He  never  wished  to  administer  con- 
Bolalioii  lli!  li:e  heart  was  renewed  and  consecrated 


unto  Ood.  When  he  saw  the  «oul  humbled,  he 
then  dwelt  upon  the  riches  of  redeeming  mercy, 
and  expatiated  ujjon  the  glories  of  him  who  w;w 
Ood  manifest  in  the  flesh.  It  was  his  endeavor  to 
alarm  the  thoughtless,  to  fi.x  uj)on  the  conscienco 
a  sense  of  sin,  to  revive  tlie  disconsolate,  to  aiii- 
ninte  the  ])eniteiit,  to  reclaim  the  rela])sing,  to 
confinn  the  irresolute,  and  to  establish  the  fuitli- 
f'ul.  He  wished  to  restore  to  man  the  beautil'til 
image  of  God,  disfigured  by  the  ajiostasy.  llin 
life  and  example  were  a  comment  on  his  sermons  j 
and  l)y  his  engaging  de])ortmeiit  he  rendered  the 
(.miable  character  of  a  Christian  still  more  attrac- 
tive and  lovely.  He  was  distinguished  for  liis 
jiublic  spirit.  Amidst  his  other  cares  he  studied, 
and  planned,  and  toiled  for  the  good  of  his  coun- 
try. He  had  a  high  sense  of  I'^nglish  liiierty,  and 
detested  dosjiotic  jiower  as  the  banc  of  human 
happiness.  He  considered  the  heresy  of  Ariua 
as  not  more  fatal  to  the  purity  r»'  the  gos]iel,than 
the  positions  of  Filmor  were  t  the  dignity  of 
man  and  the  reiiose  of  States.  Hut  though  he 
had  much  of  that  patriotic  sjiirit  which  is  oma- 
mentid  even  to  a  Christian  mhiister,  he  cautiously 
intcrijicddled  with  any  matters  of  a  political  na- 
ture, being  aware  of  the  invidious  constructions 
vliich  are  eoniraonly  put  ujion  the  most  unexceji- 
tionable  attem])ts  made  by  men  of  his  profession  to 
promote  the  iiublic  welfare.  Ho  was  a  corre- 
sjiomlont  of  the  Scotch  society  for  iirojjagating  the 
gospel ;  and  he  thought  no  labor  too  great  in  the 
jirosecution  of  an  enterprise  which  ]iromised  to 
illuminate  the  gloomy  wilderness  with  the  beams 
of  evangelical  truth.  Over  the  college  he  presided 
with  dignity  and  reputation.  He  had  the  most 
engaghig  method  of  inst  motion  and  a  singular 
talent  in  communicating  his  sentiincnt,s.  AVhile 
he  strijiiied  learning  of  its  mysteries,  and  jire- 
sented  the  most  intricate  subjects  in  the  clearest 
light,  and  thus  enriched  his  pupils  with  the  treas- 
ures of  learning,  he  wished  also  to  implant  in 
their  minds  the  seeds  of  virtue  riid  religion.  He 
took  indefatigable  jiaiiis  in  regard  to  their  reli- 
gious instruction ;  and  with  zeal,  solicitude,  and 
parental  afl'ection  ]ivessed  iinon  tlioin  the  care  of 
their  souls,  and  with  melting  toiiderness  urged 
the  importance  of  their  becoming  the  true  disci- 
ples of  the  holy  Jesus.  In  some  instances  liis 
pious  exertions  were  attended  with  success.  In 
the  government  of  the  college  he  exhibited  the 
greatest  impartiality  and  wisdom,  'i'hough  in 
judgment  and  tem])er  inclined  to  mild  nieu>ures, 
when  these  failed,  he  would  resort  to  a  necessiiry 
severity,  and  no  connections  could  prevent  the 
equal  distribution  of  justice.  In  no  college  wore 
the  students  more  narrowly  insijocted  and  pru- 
dently guarded,  or  vice  of  every  kind  iiKire 
efi'ectually  searched  out  and  discountenaiui d  and 
su))j)ressed.  He  secured  with  the  same  ease  tha 
obedience  and  love  of  his  pupils. 


nunn. 


nrniv 


171 


TIiP  ypnr  after  he  tdok  ]m  first  drpree  he  re- 
sided at  New  Haven,  and  this  is  tlic  |)eri<)d  wlien 
his  mind  was  first  enHfjhtened  with  tliekn()\vledf,'e 
of  tiie  way  of  salvation.  In  his  private  ])aper8  he 
■»ri)te  as  follows  :  "  'I'liis  year  God  saw  fit  to  o]ien 
my  eyes,  and  show  nie  what  a  iiiiserahle  creature 
1  was.  Till  then  I  had  sjient  my  life  in  n  dream  ; 
and  as  to  the  f?reat  desij,'n  of  my  hv'uv^  had  lived 
in  vain.  Thouf?h,  hefore,  I  had  heen  under  freciuent 
convictions,  and  was  driven  to  a  form  ol'  reliffion, 
yet  I  knew  nothing  as  I  ouf^ht  to  know.  lint, 
then,  I  was  brought  to  the  footstool  of  sovereign 
grace  ;  saw  myself  polluted  by  nature  and  jjrac- 
ticc;  had  aflecting  views  of  the  ])ivine  wrath  1 
deserved ;  was  made  to  despair  of  hel])  in  myself, 
and  almost  concluded  that  my  day  of  grace  was 
past.  It  jilcased  God,  at  lengtli,  to  reveal  his  Son 
to  me  in  the  gospel,  an  all-sufHcic-nt  and  willing 
Saviour,  and  I  hope  inclined  me  to  receive  him  on 
the  terms  of  the  gospel.  I  received  some  conso- 
lation, and  found  a  great  change  in  myself.  1  Jcfore 
this  I  was  strongly  attached  to  the  Arminian 
scheme,  but  then  I  was  made  to  see  those  thhigs 
in  a  diflcront  light,  and  seemingly  felt  the  truth 
of  the  Calvinian  doctrines."  lie  was  unfluctu- 
ating in  i)rinci])le  and  ardent  in  devotion,  raising 
his  heart  continually  to  the  P'ather  of  mercies  in 
adoration  and  praise.  He  kept  his  eye  fixed  u])on 
the  high  destiny  of  man,  nnd  lived  a  spiritual  life. 
The  efficacy  of  his  religious  jirineijjles  was  evinced 
by  his  benevolence  and  charity.  From  the  grace 
of  God  he  received  a  liberal  and  generous  disjjo- 
sition,  and  from  his  bounty  the  power  of  gratifying 
the  desire  of  doing  good.  At  the  api)roach  of 
death  that  gosjiel,  which  he  had  preached  to 
others,  and  which  discloses  a  crucified  Uedeeiner, 
gave  him  Kup])ort.  He  was  ])atient  and  resigned, 
cheered  with  the  liveliest  hope.  The  king  of  ter- 
rors was  disarmed  of  his  sting. 

Mr.  Uurr  married  in  llo'l  a  daughter  of  Jona- 
than I'ldwards,  his  successor  in  the  jircsidency  of 
the  college.  She  died  in  ITiJH,  the  year  after  the 
death  of  her  husband,  in  the  twenty-seventh  year 
of  her  age,  leaving  two  children,  one  of  whom 
was  Aaron  Ikirr,  afterwards  viee-])resident  of  the 
United  States,  aiid  the  other  a  daughter,  de- 
ceased, who  was  married  to  Judge  Keevc.  Mrs. 
Burr  was  in  every  res])ect  an  ornament  to  her 
sex,  bein^  ^iiually  distinguishc-*!  for  the  suavity  of 
her  temper,  the  tfniceftilness  of  her  mnnnenii,  her 
literary  aecompli-shments,  and  her  unti  igned  re- 
gard to  religion.  She  combined  u  lively  imagina- 
tion, a  penetrating  mind,  and  correct  judgment. 
When  only  siven  or  eight  years  of  age  she  was 
brought  to  the  knowledge  of  the  truth  as  it  is  in 
Jesus,  and  her  conduct  through  hfc  was  becoming 
the  gospel.  Her  religion  did  not  cast  a  gloom 
over  lier  mind,  but  made  her  cheerfr.l  and  happy, 
and  rendered  the  thought  of  death  transporting. 
She  left  u  number  of  manuscripts  upon  interesting 


subjects,  atid  it  was  hoped  t!n'\  \v..i;'.il  !. ..ve  ijet-u 
made  jiublii-j   hut  they  are  now  lost. 

Mr.  Htur  published  a  treatise,  entitled,  the  su- 
preme deity  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  maintained 
in  a  letter  to  the  dedicator  of  Mr.  I'.mlyn's 
imiuiry;  reprinted  at  Itoston  in  17!)1.  He  pub- 
lished a  sermon  at  ordination  of  1 ).  Itostw  iek, 
17  I') ;  a  fast  sermon  on  account  of  the  encrouch- 
ments  of  the  French,  Jan.  1,  ITOj;  the  watch- 
man's answer  to  the  questi(ni,  what  of  the  night  ? 
a  sermon,  17')0;  a  fimeral  sermon  on  Governor 
llelcher,  17.j7.  Tliis  was  jireached  but  a  few  days 
before  his  own  death,  and  his  exertions  in  a  very 
feeble  state  of  healtii  to  honor  the  nu'mory  of  a 
highly  respected  friend,  it  is  thought,  accelerated 
his  end.  —  Liciiii/.sluii'n  Fun.  Eidutjij  ;  Smilli'n 
.Serin,  and  I'rif.  to  jlun-'s  Smn.  on  llelcher ; 
Miller,  II.  ;jtoj  Kilirard'.i  Life,  a])j). ;  (Irecn'a 
Disc.  Sm-iUii;   Siiroi/e'.'i  Wiiillnop,  11,  22. 

HUItU,  IIiiNUY,  of  N.  J.,  died  about  the  year 
1772,  makhig  j)rovision  for  the  emancipation  of 
all  his  slaves,  the  eldest  at  his  death,  and  the 
younger  as  they  reached  a  suitable  age.  I'eter 
White  of  I  laddonfield,  w  ho  married  a  daughter  of 
IJurr,  and  died  about  171-1,  also  emancipated  his 
slaves.  These  were  tlie  two  earliest  instances  of 
emancipation.  —  Mu.i.f.  Jli.sl.  Cult.  .v.  s.  viil.  187. 

llUltll,  Aauon,  vice-president  of  the  United 
States,  died  at  Slaten  Island  Sept.  14,  183G,  aged 
80.  He  was  born  at  Newark  Feb.  C,  17oC,  the 
son  of  I'rei-ident  lUnr,  and  grandson  of  President 
Edwards.  1  lis  father  died  in  17ij7,  and  his  mother 
in  17r<8.  His  sister,  Sarah,  married  Judge  Reeve 
of  Litchfield.  Ho  was  graduated  at  I'rinceton 
in  \l'li.  In  177ij,  at  the  age  of  nineteen,  he 
joined  the  army  at  Cambridge,  and  accompanied 
Arnold  in  his  ex])cdition  against  Quebec.  In 
1770  he  was  invited  to  join  the  family  of  Washing- 
ton, but  soon  lost  his  confidence.  In  1779,  bear- 
ing the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  he  retired  from 
mihtary  life.  He  commenced  the  jiractice  of  law 
at  Albany  in  1782,  but  soon  removed  to  New  York. 
From  1791  to  1797  he  was  a  member  of  the  sen- 
ate of  the  United  States,  attached  to  the  demo- 
cratic i)arty.  lie  and  Mr.  Jeft'erson  had  each 
sevenlj-three  votes  for  jjresident  in  1800;  con- 
gress on  the  tliirty-sixth  ballot  elected  Jefferson 
president,  and  IJurr  vice-])resident.  July  12, 
1804,  he  mortally  wounded  Hamilton  in  a  duel. 
jViTested  for  treason,  he  was  tried  at  llichmond  in 
Aug.,  l.S()7,  and  a((|uitted.  For  the  rest  of  his 
life  he  resided  chiefly  hi  New  York,  living  in  olv 
scurity  and  neglect.  lA-ft  in  infancy  without  a 
father  or  mother,  he  never  imitated  their  virtues, 
but  was  a  most  unprincipled, liceniious,  profligate 
man.  Hi>  Inographer,  Mr.  Davis,  has  stamped 
his  character  with  infamy. 

I  IJUKll,  Josi;i'U,  a  pliikuithroiiist,  died  at  Man- 
'  Chester,  Vt.,  without  a  family,  Ajn-il  14,  1S28, 
I  aged  tj6,  bequeathing  more  than  90,000  dollars  to 


172 


BUllR. 


iRrimouoiis. 


SI: 


various  objects  of  rliurity.  Ilf  hpqucritlird  for 
forci({ii  iniNsions  1 ",(»()()  dolliirs,  \'i,lMU  lo  tlic 
JJiblf  Nocicty,  l:.MH)()  to  Midtllfhiiry  C(illcKC,  1(1,- 
WW  to  tlie  AiiU'rifnn  home  niiNsionary  nocicfy, 
0,0{>>i  to  the  tr.'ict,  coloni/ntion,  and  Vermont  min- 
sionury  HocielicM  euch,  0,000  to  tlie  jiarish  in 
Manohcsfcr,  :),()(«»  'o  an  education  .society,  1,000 
to  ])uitm()utli  mil  \VillianiH  colleffes  each,  10,000 
for  tt  ])ulilic  Kcniiiiary  of  lourninff  in  MaiK'hester. 
Ifo  l)e(|ueiitlied  these  thouKondw  of  dollars,  be- 
sidcN  liestowiiifc  a  largo  amount  of  jjrojKTty  ujion 
his  relatives.  With  a  small  patrimony  he  had 
acquired  his  estate  by  his  unfailing  judgment  and 
prudence.  lie  was  the  banker  of  his  region.  He 
was  honorable  and  tonseientious.  With  correct 
religious  views  and  a  moral  deportment,  he  yet 
avowed  no  hope  of  a  spiritual  renovation,  until  a 
short  time  before  his  death.  On  his  Inst  morning 
ho  said,  "I  tliiiik  I  am  waiting  for  the  coming  of 
my  I,ord." — Mi.-i.iiniKinj  Herald,  XXIV.  22G. 

HUJ{1{,  Jonathan,  minister  of  Sandwich,  died 
Aug.  2,  IHlL',  aged  S,).  A  graduate  of  Harvard 
in  17cS|,  ho  succeeded  A.  Williams  in  17K7,  and 
wa.s  dismissed  l)oc.  25,  1818.  lie  was  a  faithful 
muuster,  receiving  three  hundj'od  and  thirty-five 
members  into  his  church  ;  in  one  yt  ar  one  hundred 
and  fourteen.  He  was  also  v.  veful  teacher  of 
youth  ;  resjiccted  and  beloved.  1 1  -  may  bo  re- 
garded as  the  founder  of  Sandwich  (xademy. 

BUltU,  Mauv,  the  last  of  the  Punkapaug  In- 
dians, died  at  Canton,  Mass.,  Nov.  1,  H!(j2,  aged 
101  years.  There  aro  many  half  a.id  quarter 
bloods  left  of  the  tribe ;  not  one  full  blood. 
She  married  a  colored  man,  Semore  Burr,  and 
had  many  children.  She  had  a  pension  for  her 
husband's  services  in  the  Revolutionary  war. 
Eliza  Williams,  her  sister,  died  in  1848  at  Stough- 
ton,  also  aged  101  years.  Another  sister,  Han- 
nah Nuff,  died  at  Canton,  aged  99. 

BURKILL,  John,  speaker  of  the  house  of  rep- 
resentatives of  )Iass.,  sustained  this  oflicj  for 
many  years  during  the  administration  of  Gov. 
Shute,  and  acquitted  himself  in  it  with  great  rep- 
utation. He  was  distinguished  for  his  great  in- 
tegrity, his  acquaintance  with  the  forms  of  par- 
liamentary i)rocccdings,  the  dignity  and  authority 
with  wliieh  he  filled  the  chair,  and  for  the  order 
and  decorum,  wliich  he  maintained  in  the  debates 
of  the  house.  In  the  year  1720  he  was  chosen  a 
member  of  the  council.  lie  died  of  the  small 
pox  at  Lynn,  Dec.  10,  1721,  aged  C3.  Besides 
sustaining  the  offices  above  mentioned,  lie  was 
also  one  of  the  judges  of  the  county  of  Essex. 
To  his  other  accomplishments  there  was  added 
an  exemplary  piety.  The  morning  and  evening 
incense  of  prayer  to  God  ascended  from  his;  family 
altar. —  Henchman's  Funeral  Sermon;  Hutch- 
ituon't!  flint,  of  Mass.  II.  234. 

BURRILL,  Jacob,  major,  died  at  Newbury  in 
1821,  aged  S3,  a  soldier  in  the  French  and  .Uevo- 


lutionnry  wars.     In  the  Iiattle  of  Bunker  Hill  he 
cautioiii'd  his  t'cliows  to  lake  good  aim. 

ItlUKII.I.,  .1  AMl.s,  a  senator,  was  the  son  of 
James  11.,  of  Providence,  H.  I.,  died  Dec.  2.5, 
1H20,  aged  49.  He  was  l)orn  about  1771.  Ho 
was  the  descendant  of  George  Hurrill,  an  early 
settler  and  wealthy  farmer  of  Lyn".  Mas ...  who 
died  in  Kio.'J.  The  genealogy  is  traced  l.y  .Mr. 
Farmer  in  his  register.  He  was  graduated  at 
Brown  university,  178H.  Having  studied  !:;\v,  he 
was  for  many  years  attorney-general  of  the  .'^lato, 
a  member  and  i*peaker  of  the  assembly,  and  chief 
justice.  He  succeeded  Mr.  Howell  in  tlw  senate 
of  the  United  States  in  1810,  and  died  at  W'lish- 
ington.  He  entered  earnestly  into  the  delnite 
concerning  the  admission  of  Missom-i  into  the 
Union,  vindicating  the  cause  of  freedom,  only  a 
few  days  hefore  his  death.  His  wife,  Sarah,  sister 
of  J.  L.  Arnold,  died  in  1814.  Two  daughters 
were  married  in  1821  to  Geo,  Curtis  and  Win.  R. 
Ciroene.  —  Farmer's  Genealogical  Itet/ister. 

BUKROl  GHS,  GiiouoK,  one  of  the  victims  of 
the  witchcraft  delusion  in  1(592,  was  executed 
Aug.  19.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college 
in  l(i70,  and  in  1676  was  a  preacher  at  Falmouth, 
now  Portland,  Elaine.  When  the  place  was  at- 
tacked by  the  Indians  Aug.  11,  he  escaped  to 
Bang's  Island.  Ho  succeeded  Mr.  Bayley  as  a 
preacher  at  Salem  village,  in  Nov.,  1680.  In 
1683,  in  consequence  of  some  dispute,  ho  returned 
to  Portland,  where  he  held  two  hundred  acres  of 
land,  which  the  ])coi)le  had  some  years  hefore 
given  to  him  as  their  minister ;  of  this  he  relin- 
quished at  their  request  one  hundred  and  seventy 
acres,  and  in  a  very  disinterested  spirit  offered  to 
give  them  twenty  acres  more,  if  they  wished, 
without  receiving,  what  they  had  offered,  one 
hundred  acres  "  further  off."  His  character  stood 
unim')'?ached.  lifter  the  town  was  destroyed  by 
the  Indians  in  1690,  he  returned  to  Salem  village, 
or  Dauvcrs.  In  1692  he  was  accused  of  witch- 
craft, and  was  brought  to  trial  Aug.  5th.  In  his 
indictment  it  was  stated,  that  by  his  wicked  arts, 
one  Mary  Wolcott  "  was  tortured,  afflicted,  jiined, 
consumed,  wasted,  and  tormented."  The  evidence 
against  him  was  derived  jjrincipally  from  the  tes- 
timony of  the  affli.'ted  persons,  as  those  were 
called  who  were  8U])jiosed  to  be  bewitched,  and  ■ 
from  that  of  the  confessing  witches.  The  sjjectre 
of  a  Uttle,  black-haired  man,  it  was  testified,  had 
inflicted  cruel  pains,  and  appeared  as  a  head  con- 
juror. Two  of  his  wives  had  appeared  to  the 
witnesses,  saymg  that  he  was  the  cause  of  their 
death,  and  threatening,  if  he  denied  it,  that  they 
would  appear  in  court.  Accordingly,  during  his 
trial  the  afflicted  persons  were  thrown  into  a  par- 
oxysm of  horror  by  the  spectres  of  his  wives,  who 
were  mindful  of  their  engagement.  The  confess- 
ing witches  affirmed,  that  he  had  attended  witch 
meetings  with  them,  and  compelled  tliem  to  the 


nUUROUGIIS. 


iiuinox. 


173 


unnri's  of  wltclitriift.  IIo  was  also  ncriiMod  nf 
|,ci-ii)miiM^  siiih  tr..Is  of  cNlraonliiKiry  strcii;,'tli, 
AN  could  not  Lu  iicrloniitd  >\iiii(<iit  dialjolical  as-  ^ 
Histance,  such  dn  carrying  n  Imrrcl  of  niolaHKi's ' 
tliri/ii;,'h  a  dillleiilt  place,  from  n  canoe  to  the  I 
Bliori',  and  puttinn  Iiih  forc-linj^cr  into  the  muzzle 
of  a  larRe  (;un,  and  Imliliiig  it  out  Htriiifjht.  He 
j)leaded  his  innocence;  l.ut  it  was  in  vain.  lie 
had  excited  prejudices  n(;ainst  him,  wliile  he  lived 
in  Salem,  and  he  was  now  doomed  to  sutler  with 
many  others  through  the  infatuation  which  jire- 
Vttiled.  At  liis  execution  he  made  a  speech,  as- 
serting his  innocence,  and  concluded  his  dying 
prayer  with  the  Lord's  jjraycr,  prohalily  to  vindi- 
cate his  character,  as  it  was  a  received  oj)iiiion, 
that  a  witch  could  not  rei)eat  the  Lord's  prayer, 
witliout  mistake.  Tills  last  address  to  heuvcn 
vas  uttered  with  such  com])08ure  and  fervcicy  of 
iil)irit,  as  drew  tears  from  the  spectators.  —  A'cdl's 
N.  E.n.  13()-13J,  144;  Hutchinson,  ii.  37,0(5; 
Coll.  Hist.  Sue.  VI.  2G5,  2G«;  Snllii-an'.i  IHkI. 
Maine,  20'J-U12;  CalrJ's  more  Wonders  of  Invis. 
World,  Pref.,  and  103,  104 ;  Maine  Uid.  Coll. 
I.  141,  174. 

liUnUOUGlIS,  Edf,\,  died  of  the  sjjotted 
fever  at  Hartford,  Vt.,  May  22,  1813,  aged  7.J. 
Born  a;  Stratford,  Conn.,  he  graduated  in  1707 
at  Yale,  was  settled  over  the  third  church  in 
Killingsly  in  17C0,  and  at  E.  Hanover,  N.  H., 
in  1775,  where  his  labors  were  greatly  hlesseil. 
For  forty  years  he  was  a  trustee  of  Dartmouth. 

BUIUIOUGHS,  Stwuiln,  son  of  the  i)receding. 
died  at  Three  llivers  in  Canada,  Jan.  2S,  1M40. 
His  strange  course  of  villainy  made  him  notorious 
through  the  country.  Ho  published  his  own 
memoirs. 

BUllllOWS,  M'li.LiAM,  a  naval  officer,  died 
Sept.  5,  1813.  He  was  born  at  Kenderton,  near 
Philadelphia,  Oct.  C,  1785.  To  the  grief  of  his 
father.  Col.  Burrows  of  the  marine  w\:\)»,  he 
early  indicated  a  passion  for  the  naval  'Mi'\ice. 
A  midshipman's  warrant  was  obtained  in  1791). 
In  subsequent  years  he  served  on  board  of  dif- 
ferent ships ;  in  1803  he  was  under  I'relilv  in 
the  Triiiolitan  war;  in  1807  he  enforcvvi  the 
embargo  in  the  Delaware.  In  1812  he  made 
a  vojugo  to  India  on  his  jjrivate  affixirs.  Ap- 
pointed to  the  command  of  the  slooj)-of-war,  En- 
ter])rise,  he  sailed  from  Portsmouth,  and  on  Sun- 
day Sept.  5,  IS  13,  fell  in  with  his  Britannic 
majesty's  brig,  the  Boxer,  oil'  Portland,  between 
Seguin  and  cape  v'lizf.l)('';.  After  an  action  of 
forty-live  n.luutcs  the  lioxcr  wis  captured,  her 
commander,  Blylh,  being  killed  by  a  cannon-ball. 
At  the  first  lire,  Lieut.  Burrows  was  wounded  by 
a  musket-ball,  but  refused  to  be  carried  below. 
M'hcn  the  sword  of  his  enemy  was  presented  to 
him,  he  exclaimeu.  v'asping  his  hiuids,  "  I  am 
satisfied  —  I  die  contcited."  He  died  at  twelve 
o'clock  at  night.    Yoi  his  gallantry,  congress 


voted  a  gold  nicdal  to  his  nenrest  male  rolativr. 
Tlic  luo  coniiniiiiili  1^  \\(i('  hoiuiraMy  buried  in 
Portland  on  the  !ilh,  Li.'Ut.  liuini»s  » as  cold 
and  reserved  in  his  manners;  yet  he  had  an  irre- 
sistible vein  of  wit  and  humor.  His  master  \\m- 
sioii  was  the  love  of  glory  ;  and  a  momentary 
flush  of  triuMi|ih  soothed  the  anguish  of  his  last 
hours.  He  lived  not  to  hear  the  applauses  of  his 
tountrymen.  IIap|)y  are  they,  who  seek  and  ol). 
tain  the  unwithering  glory,  the  everlasting  honor 
of  heaven. —  Ainer.  Xav.  llioij,  231-212. 

BlUT,  Joll.v,  minister  of  Itiistol,  J{.  I.,  wan 
graduated  at  Harvard  college,  in  I73(i,  and  was 
ordained  May  13,  1741.  He  died  Oct.  7,  1775, 
aged  OS  years.  His  death  was  very  cingular. 
Capt.  Wallace,  a  British  conunander,  had  com- 
menced a  heavy  cannonade  upon  the  town  at  a 
time  when  an  epidemical  sickness  was  ])revailing. 
Those,  who  were  able  fled  from  the  town.  Mr. 
Burt,  though  weak  and  sick,  endeavored  to  escape 
the  im[)ending  destruction.  He  was  afterwards 
found  dead  in  an  adjacent  field,  sui)])osed  to  have 
been  overcome  by  fatigue.  Xo  other  person  was 
injured  in  the  attack.  His  wife  was  the  daughter 
of  Lieut.  Gov.  Wm.  I'.llery.  His  father  was 
Benjamin  Burt,  and  his  mother  the  daughter  of 
Rev.  Mr.  Cheever  of  Chelsea.  He  was  a  sound 
divine  and  a  venerable  servant  of  Jesus  Christ, 
lireaching  the  true  doctrines  of  grace.  —  Aceonnt 
of  lirintol ;   Warren,  I.  241. 

BL'UT,  Ei:i)ini.\i,,  nunister  of  Durham,  N.  IL, 
died  Feb.  2,  1828,  aged  38.  He  was  probably  a 
descendant  of  David  Burt,  an  early  settler  of 
Northampton,  Mass.,  who  had  fifteen  children. 
He  was  born  at  Southampton  March  4,  178!). 
.Vs  the  new  government  under  the  federal  con- 
stitution connneuced  at  that  time,  his  Christian 
name  is  to  bo  ascribed  to  that  circumstance. 
There  are  names  in  our  country  originating  in 
greater  caprice, — as  Mr.  Perserved  Fish,  a  sound 
merchant  of  New  York,  and  Mr.  Adam  Eve,  who 
died  lately  in  Penn.^  at  a  great  age,  and  Jlr. 
Pickled  Ham  of  Maine,  who  has  not  yet  turned 
to  corru|)tion.  Mr.  B.  was  graduated  at  Williams 
college  in  1812,  was  ordained  J\nie  18,  1817. 
Settled  over  a  small  church,  his  faithful  laiiors 
caused  it  to  bo  greatly  increased.  He  was  an 
active  and  intelligent  minister,  and  his  usefulness 
extended  to  the  neighboring  towns.  He  endured 
with  the  utmost  patience  a  most  jminful  disease, 
obliging  him  to  submit  to  the  amputation,  first  of 
a  finger,  and  then  of  an  arm.  In  this  coiulition 
he  undertook  to  conduct  the  N.  II.  Observer, 
a  religious  paiier.  Many  of  the  editorial  articles 
he  wro'e  when  in  extreme  })ain :  he  was  exerting 
an  ex*  nsive,  beneficial  uifluence  in  the  conunu- 
nity,  when  ho  was  called  away  from  his  labors.  — 
C/iris.  Mirror,  Feb.  15,  1828. 

BURTON,  As.A,  I).  I).,  was  bom  hi  Preston, 
now  Grisworld,  Conn.,  in  1752,  w  as  graduated  at 


174 


BUSHE. 


BUTLER. 


Dartmmith  in  1777,or(liiiti( d  nt  TlictfDrd  In  1770, 
am!  (liod  April  i.':j,  IWO,  ii^;,  d  Ki.  In  iS'.',",  \iv\. 
CliiirlcH  Wliiti',  J).  I).,  Ix'ciimc  liin  collciinuo,  nnd 
continui'd  till  1K;J|.  'I'Ik  next  yvnr  Ittv.  IMislia 
O.  Il!il)('i)(  k  hfciinit'  his  collcaj^uc :  lii'  dic'd  in 
18'  .  iuid  wiiH  Mjcci'cdcd  iiy  IJcv.  'linioliiy  I''. 
Clar}  II  INI!).  Wiii'n  Dr.  It.  was  Hfttii'd,  there 
Wt  only  Hixtccn  clinrcit  ini'inlx  in.  In  half  n 
century  lit-  hud  udniiltcd  four  Immlri'd  and  ninety 
memlierH.  The  village  in  ealled  Thetlord  Hill, 
two  miles  west  of  ii  niihvny  n'alion  on  the  Con- 
necticut Jtiver.  The  academy  has  three  hundred 
youth  of  holh  sexes.  In  1H24  J)r.  IJ.'s  cKHays 
were  |)ul)lished,  on  the  Taste  Scheme,  in  opposi- 
tion to  I'^innions'  Exercise  Scheme.  He  pul)- 
lished  a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of  T.  Clark, 
1«()();  of  C.  J.  Tenney,  1804j  of  H.  ^Vilitc,  1811; 
before  the  I'hi  Ijeta  KapimSoc.,  18(10. 

IJU.Slli;,  Ukxjami.v,  died  in  OreensborouRh, 
Vt.,  March  lil,  181i3,  icf;ed  115.  lie  was  a  native 
of  Swanzea,  Mush. 

IIUSIINELL,  David,  inventor  of  submarine 
naviji^at ion,  died  in  1824,  aged  about  70.  He  was 
a  native  of  Saybrook,  Conn.,  and  probably  a 
descendant  of  Henry  B.  of  Cluilford,  in  IGoO. 
He  was  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1770.  In 
the  Itevolutionary  war  he  invented  a  machine  for 
submarine  navigation,  by  which  a  magazine  wa^i 
to  be  carried  to  the  bottom  of  ships,  for  blowing 
them  uj),  when  the  conductor  was  at  a  safe  dis- 
tance. He  attempted  to  j)ut  it  in  operation  in 
the  harbor  of  Mew  York,  but  with  little  success. 
Great  alarm  however  was  excited  among  the 
y/itish ;  which  occasioned  the  humorous  ]ioetical 
iii-'rative  of  "  the  battle  of  the  kegs,"  by  Francis 
li;  pkinson.  Dr.  Dwight,  in  his  "Greenfield  Hill," 
K^'caks  of  Buslmcll's  genius,  and  alludes  to 

"  Ilin  mystic  Tc^st'l.  plung'tl  beneath  tlio  wayes, 
UliUiug  tUrough  durk  retruuU  aud  curul  cuvua." 

An  account  of  this  machine  is  contained  in  Sil- 
liman's  journal,  1820.  It  v^as  under  the  manage- 
ment of  Capt.  Ezra  Lee,  a  good  oftieer,  of  daring 
enterprise,  who  died  at  Lyme  in  1821,  aged  72. 
At  the  close  of  the  war  Bushncll  liimself  was  a 
captain  in  the  army.  Gen.  Heath  relates  that, 
Oct.  9,  1776,  the  e.-umy  captured  a  sloop  in  the 
Hudson  with  the  ma.:iiine  on  board,  and  sunk  it 
to  the  bottom,  and  he  remarks,  "  its  fate  was 
truly  a  contrast  to  its  design." — Ilcath,  69. 

BUSHXELL,  Mu.s.,  wife  of  A.  Bushnell,  mis- 
sionary in  West  /Vfrica,  died  Feb.  20,  1850,  aged 
39.  She  was  u  native  of  Salem,  West  Chester 
Co.,  N.  Y.  As  a  teacher  of  the  Methodist  Board, 
she  sailed  for  Africa  in  1837,  and  in  1839  married 
VV.  Stocker,  of  the  ^lethodist  Mission  in  Liberia. 
After  his  death  she  joined  the  Mission  of  the 
American  Board  at  Gaboon,  and  in  1845  married 
Mr.  Bushnell.     She  had  gladly  toiled  thirteen 


'  years  for  Africa,  and  met  il  •  ilh  in  prrfrot  ponce, 
s.niiig,  ".fesiis  is  I  recioi  ■,  O  \\  \\  prcciiiusl" 
lU'SHNKLL,    llK.\JA'in.,  died  in    Savbrook, 


His   brotliers  died, 
86;     Kher,    82:    his 


April  2H,    1H.jO^  aged 
Daniel,   aged    IH);    l'',than, 
grandfather  died  aged  100. 

Itl'SIlXKl.I,,  Cami'Iii;!.!,,  a  lawyer  of  Hudson, 
J  I  '  "''ew  York,  died  in  Dec,  1839,  aged  47.  He 
r  1'-  ii  nati\e  of  Salisl)ury,  the  son  of  (ii'leon  II. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Mercer-strei'  .  hurch. 
His  death  was  peacefid.  To  his  son  he  >aid,  '•  I 
be(pieath  you  my  Bilde  ;  fake  if,  study  it,  love  it." 
Being  asked,  if  he  feared  death,  he  replied  — 
"Death!  I  shall  not  die:  I  shall  live  the  life 
everlasting!" — Olmerver,  Jan  4,  1840. 

BUSHNELL,  Jkukdiaii,  died  in  Cornwall, 
Vt.,  al)out  1840.  He  was  an  early  and  very  useful 
missionary  in  our  new  settlements 

BUSHYHEAD,  Jkssk,  chief  justice  of  the 
Cherokees,  received  some  English  (  lucation,  and 
became  a  good  speaker  in  En  ;lish,  an  orator  in 
Cherokee.  He  was  a  correct  interpreter  and 
translator. 

BUSS,  John,  a  physician,  officiated  for  many 
years  as  a  preacher  of  the  gospel.  In  Sept.,  1672, 
a  cimtract  was  made  with  him  by  the  people  of 
Wells,  Me.  1  le  preached  there  at  least  ten  years. 
The  preachers  before  him  were  Joscjih  Emerson, 
Jeremiah  Hubbard,  and  Itobert  Payne.  His  suc- 
cessors were  Percival  Green,  Itichard  Marten,  Sam- 
uel Emery  Samuel  Jcfferds,  Gideon  Itichardson, 
Benjamin  White,  and  Jonathan  Grcenleaf.  Until 
1701,  no  church  was  formed.  Probably  Mr.  Buss 
was  not  ordained.  About  1682  he  removed  to 
Oyster  lliver,  now  Durham,  N.  II.,  where  ho 
preached  thirty-three  years,  and  was  also  a  prac- 
titioner of  physic.  His  house  and  valuable  library 
were  burnt  by  the  Indians  in  1694.  He  ceased 
preaching  about  1710,  and  was  succeeded  by 
Ilugh  Adams,  the  first  minister:  a  late  minister 
of  Durham  was  Federal  Burt.  Mr.  Buss  died 
in  1736,  aged  95.  Mr.  Belknap  and  others  erro- 
neously make  his  age  108,  for  in  a  petition  to  the 
governor  and  legislature  in  1718  he  stated  his 
age  as  then  78.  —  Farmer's  Reg. ;  Hist.  Coll.,  il. 
291 ;  Maine  Jliat.  Coll.  I,  264;  Belknap's  N.II. 
III.  250. 

BUSSEY,  Benjamin,  died  in  Roxbury  Jan.  13, 
1842,  aged  84,  a  soldier  of  the  licvolution. 
With  a  capital  of  ten  dollars  he  commenced  busi- 
ness as  a  silversmith  in  Dedham:  lie  became  a 
rich  merchant  in  Boston,  worth  about  350,000 
dollars,  wliich  he  bequeathed  after  the  death  of 
three  persons  to  Harvard  college  for  agricultural, 
law,  and  divmity  schools. 

BUTLER,  liiciiARD,  major-general,  an  officer 
of  the  -Revolutionary  army,  in  the  latter  part  of 
the  war  had  the  rank  of  colonel  and  was  distin- 
guished on  several  occasions.  About  1787  he 
was  agent  for  Indian  affairs  in  Ohio.     In  the 


DlTLEIl. 


RUTLEK. 


175 


victim.     In  one  of 

aiifjcrouNly  wounded. 

liNhed  hiniNclt'  iit  fort 

April  IHlli.  —  Uolmcn, 


exjicdltion  Hffainut  tin  Indiann  in  1701  lir  nrcom- 
IMiiiicd  St.  Ciiiir  and  lomnuuidi'd  tlii'  rinlit  winjf. 
Our  troopM,  cii<!MH|»(l  ,i  fiw  niiltH  from  tlio  Miiimi 
vill.i;,'ts,  were  uttai  krd  in  tliu  mornitijf  of  Nov. 
4tli.  TliL-  militiu,  who  witi-  in  advance,  wen- 
thrown  into  coiifuNidn,  and  rushed  through  the 
Hrxt  line,  comnianih'd  li\  (Jen.  llutler.  The  action 
wa.H  nowHevi'rci  the  Indiaim  lyin^  on  the  urounii. 
and  pouring  n  deadly  Are  upon  the  white- 
(Jill.  Kiitler,  in  an  heroic  charge  with  tlu'  l)ay- 
onet,  drove  them  hack  three  or  four  liundred 
ynnlN.  Jhit  rcHintanre  wa»  inetl'eeluai.  In  a 
dhort  time  hix  hundred,  of  the  army  of  twelve 
hundred,  were  kill' d  and  wounded,  mid  the 
rent  at  nine  o'clock  lli  with  precipitation.  Gen. 
Uuli.r  wan  woiinded  .nd  carried  to  a  convenient 
place  to  have  '•<  dressed;  hut  un  Indian 

l)roke  in  u])i.  •'•"lahawked  and  Hcali)ed 

liim,  ere  h(  'ed    hy  our  troojiH, 

Major  Fergi. 
the  charj{eN  M. 
A   son  of  Lien.  ii.  m.^iii 
Meiffs,  under  Harrisim,  ii 
II.  ;1HS;  ManthuH,  v.  :Vl'.i-M\ 

ItUTI.EIt,  Thomas,  colonel,  a  hrave  officer 
durinjj;  the  Revolutionary  war,  died  Sept.  7,  1800, 
aged  ijl.  lie  was  a  brother  of  the  preceding;. 
Three  other  brothers  fought  in  the  Hervice  of  their 
country.  In  the  year  1770  he  was  a  student  at 
law  with  judffc  Wilson  of  Philadelphia  •,  but  early 
iu  that  year  he  quitted  his  studies,  and  joined  the 
army  as  a  subaltern,  lie  soon  obtained  the  com- 
mand of  a  company,  in  which  he  continued  till 
the  close  of  the  llevolutionary  contest.  He  was 
in  almost  every  action,  that  was  fought  in  the 
middle  states  during  the  war.  At  the  battle  of 
Urandywine,  Se])t.  11,  1777,  he  received  the 
thanks  of  Washington  on  the  field  of  battle, 
through  his  aid  de  camp.  Gen.  Hamilton,  for  liis 
intrepid  conduct  in  rallying  a  detachment  of 
retreating  troops,  and  giving  the  enemy  a  severe 
fire.  At  the  battle  of  Monmouth,  June  28, 1778, 
he  received  the  thanks  of  Wayne  for  defending  a 
defile  in  the  face  of  a  heavy  fire  from  the  enemy, 
while  Col.  llichard  Butler's  regiment  made  good 
their  retreat.  At  the  close  of  the  war  lie  retired 
into  i)rivate  life  as  a  farmer,  and  continued  in  the 
enjoyment  of  rural  and  domestic  happiness  till 
the  year  1791,  when  he  again  took  the  field 
against  the  savages,  who  menaced  our  western 
frontier.  He  commanded  a  battalion  in  the  dis- 
astrous battle  of  Nov.  4,  in  which  his  brother  fell. 
Orders  were  given  by  Gen.  St.  Clair  to  charge 
with  the  bayonet,  and  Maj.  Butler,  though  his 
leg  had  been  broken  by  a  ball,  yet  on  horseback 
led  his  battalion  to  the  charge.  It  was  with  diffi- 
culty, that  his  surviung  brother,  Capt.  Edward 
Butler,  removed  liim  from  the  field.  In  1792  ho 
was  continued  on  the  establishment  as  major,  and 
in  1794  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  licut. 


colonel  commandant  of   the   fourth   •ul)-legion. 
He  eoinmanded  in  I  his  yi-ar  fort  Tayette  at  I'itta- 
burg,  and  prevented  the  detudeil  insurgentu  from 
taking  it,  more  b)  his  name  than  by  bin  forcr»,  for 
he  had  but  f»w  troop'i.     In  IT'JT  In    wa«  named 
hy  \Vii»hington  as  the  officer   best  calculated  to 
command  in  the  Stale  <if  Tennessee,  whin  it  was 
necessary  to  dispossess  some  eiti/ens,  who  had 
imprudently  settled  on  the  Indian  lands.     Aecor- 
(Uiigly,  in  May  he  mareliiil  with  his  regiment  from 
the  Miami  on  the  Ohio,  and  hy  that  iirudence  and 
good  sense,  which  marked  his  character  through 
life,  he  in  a  short  time  removed  all  difficulties. 
M'hile  in  Tennessee  he  made  several  treaties  with 
the  Indians.     In    1802,  at  t!,       .  biction  of  the 
army,  he  was  continued  os'.'iii-^  -.  ■    '■  regiment 
in  the  peace  establishmer '       \  'v  tl-.t*'  of  Ilia  life 
was  embittered.     In  18(   '  i.,;  v  >      ■le.U'd  by  the 
commanding  general  at  lurt  Ad.iir  s  on  the  Mis- 
sissii)])i,  and  sent  to  Maryland,  where  he  was  tried 
by   a  court   martial,   an<l   acquitted   of   all   the 
charges,  except  i  hat  of  wearing  his  hair.     He  was 
then  ordered  to  New  Orleans,  where  he  arrived  to 
take  the  command  of  the  troops  Oct.  20.    He 
was  again  arrested  the  next  month.  —  I.ouixiatia 
(IdZ.;  l'(i/i/iiiillion,  I.   13 — 17;  Marshall,  \.  'M'2. 
BUTT.EU,  John,  colonel,  a  tory  iidamous  for 
the  massacre  at  Wyoming,  for  which  the  name  of 
Brant  has  been  unjustly  branded  with  infamy, 
removed  from  Connecticut  and  settled  at  Wyo- 
ming under  a  grant  from  that  colony,  though 
within  the  boimds  of  Pennsylvania.     Early  after 
the  beghiningof  the  war  heesjioused  the  cause  of 
the  enemy.     In  Aug.,  1777,  he  and  Daniel  Claus 
signed  an  address  to  the  inhabitants  of  'I'ryon 
county,  exhorting  the  people  to  la)'  down  their 
arms,  and  sent  it  by  Walter   Butler  nid  a  party 
of  white  and  red  men  to  the  German  J'lats.     The 
messenger  was  imjirisoned  for  his  \mntt.     Gen. 
Arnold  issued  a  counter  proclamation  at  German 
Flats,  Aug.  20th. 

In  1778  there  were  eight  townships  on  the 
Susquehannah  in  the  vale  of  ^\■yoming,  each  five 
miles  square,  namely :  Lackawana,  Iilxeter,  Kings- 
ton, AVilkesbarre,  Plymouth,  Nanticoak,  Hunt- 
ington, and  Salem.  There  were  one  thousand 
families,  from  which  one  thousand  soldiers  had 
been  furnished  to  the  army,  besides  the  gtrrisons 
of  four  forts  at  Lackewana,  Exeter,  Kingston,  and 
Wilkcsbarre.  July  1,  1778,  Col.  Butler,  with 
about  sixteen  hundred  men,  three  hundred  of 
whom  were  Indians  and  the  rest  tories  painted 
like  Indians,  approached  the  upper  fort;  and  a 
skirmish  ensued,  in  wliich  ten  of  the  inhabitants 
were  killed.  July  2,  Exeter  fort,  garrisoned  by  to- 
ries, was  given  up  to  them,  and  Lackawna  fort  was 
taken.  Mr.  Jenkins  and  his  family  were  barbar- 
ously killed ;  and  most  of  the  women  and  children 
were  captured.  July  3  he  defeated  Col.  Zebulon 
Butler  and  destroyed  most  of  his  men,  omoimting 


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33  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)872-4S03 


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176 


BUTLER. 


BUTLER. 


to  four  hundred  by  one  account  and  three  hun- 
dred by  another.  July  4,  he  invested  fort  KIiirk- 
ton,  commanded  ))y  Col.  Nathan  I)enniNon,  who 
went  to  fort  Exeter  with  a  flag,  to  learn  the  terms 
which  would  be  granted.  Col.  John  Butler  re- 
plied,—  "the  hatchet!"  The  next  momiii};, 
Sunday,  July  5th,  Col.  Dennison,  his  men  being 
nearly  all  killed  or  wounded,  surrendered  ot  dis- 
cretion. He  was  seen  surrounded  by  the  enemy, 
and  was  doubtless  murdered.  Some  of  the  pris- 
oners were  taken  awny ;  the  rest  were  shut  uj)  in 
the  houses,  and  consumed  with  them.  The  enemy 
immediately  crossed  the  river  to  fort  Wilksbarrc, 
which  surrendered.  About  seventy  of  the  sol- 
diers were  inhumanly  butchered ;  and  the  rest, 
with  the  women  and  children,  were  shut  uj)  in 
the  houses,  which  were  set  on  fire  and  all  jjcr- 
ishcd.  I'iVery  buildiufj;,  excej)t  what  belonged  to 
tories,  in  all  those  settlements  was  destroyed. 
Capt.  James  Ucdlock,  his  body  stuck  full  of  splin- 
ters of  pine  knots,  was  bunicd,and  Cajjts.  lloliert 
Durgee  and  SiimiK'l  Hanson  were  held  down  in 
the  fire  with  ijitchforks.  There  were  other  hor- 
rors, which  cannot  be  described.  The  fugitives 
who  escaj;ed  were  many  of  them  two  or  three 
days  without  pronsions. 

In  Scj)t.  about  one  hundred  houses  were  des- 
troyed by  the  enemy  at  German  Flats.  Dec.  11, 
1778,  Cherry  Valley  was  destroyed  and  women 
and  children  massacred.  Dr.  Dwight  repre- 
sents, that  the  party  of  five  hundred  Indians  and 
whites  was  commanded  by  a  son  of  Butler,  and  by 
Brant ;  but  the  anecdote,  he  gives,  of  the  death  of 
Butler  needs  correction,  for  he  was  not  killed  till 
a  subsequent  year.  At  this  time  Col.  Ichabod 
Alden,  who  had  two  hundi-ed  and  fifty  men  in  the 
fort,  was  surprised,  when  imprudently  out  of  it, 
and  killed.  Of  the  inhabitants,  one  hundred  and 
eighty  were  left  without  a  house.  Dr.  Dwight 
relates,  that  Butler  on  entering  a  house  ordered 
a  woman  in  bed  with  her  infant  child  to  be  killed  ; 
but  Brant  said,  "  What,  kill  a  woman  and  child  ? 
No,  that  child  is  not  an  enemy  to  the  king,  nor  a 
friend  to  the  congress.  I,ong  before  he  will  be 
big  enough  to  do  any  mischief,  the  dispute  will  be 
settled."  Thus  Brant,  the  red  man,  was  the  man 
of  humanity ;  and  the  white  man  was  the  savage. 
About  the  middle  of  Oct.,  1781,  Capt.  Walter 
Butler,  a  son  of  Col.  Butler,  was  killed  in  an  ac- 
tion on  the  Mohawk,  when  Maj.  Boss  and  liis 
party  of  six  hundred,  of  whom  one  hundred  and 
thirty  were  Indians,  were  routed  by  Col.  Willett 
and  driven  into  the  wilderness.  AVillett  had  in 
liis  army  sixty  Oneida  Indians.  On  being  shot 
by  one  of  them,  Butler  asked  for  quarter  j  the 
Indian  cried  out  whh  a  terrible  voice.  Sherry 
Valley !  and  tomahawked  him.  Thus  the  white 
savage  had  his  retribution.  Col.  Butler  about 
the  year  17'JC  was  English  agent  with  reference  to 
the  six  nations,  and  lived  in  Upper  Canada.    This 


ofTice  was  worth  flOO  pounds  sterling  a  ycor ;  ho 
had  also  a  pension  of  200  or  JiOO  ;  and  had  re- 
ceived five  tliousand  acres  of  land  for  himself  and 
the  same  for  his  children.  Thus  was  he  rewarded 
for  his  barbarities.  Mamhall,  in.  661 ;  I)irii/lit'.i 
Trav.  III.  20'r;  Mnsn.  Ilixt.  Coll.  ii.  220 ;  ilrif- 
Jin's  Itemains  ;  AlmmCs  Amer.  Ilemertihruiteer, 
1777,  p.  305;  Thavher's  Mil.  Jovm.  141,  294. 

BUTLEll,  Ziain.oN,  a  soldier  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, was  one  of  the  early  settlers  at  Wyoming, 
said  to  be  the  cousin  of  Col.  John  Butler,  but  this 
has  been  recently  denied  by  his  grandson.  He 
fought  bravely  in  the  old  Trench  war.  In  the 
war  of  the  Revolution  he  was  the  second  in  com- 
mand at  Wyoming,  when  that  beautifnl  vale  was 
desolated  by  the  ferocious  John  Butler ;  he 
marched  J'l'.y  3,  1778,  from  Wilkesbarre,  where  a 
small  guard  was  left,  to  the  neighboring  fort  of 
Kingston  with  four  hundred  men.  On  being 
summoned  to  surrender  in  two  hours  he  de- 
manded a  parley,  and  r  place  in  Kingston  was 
appointed  for  the  meeting  ;  he  proceeded  thither 
with  liis  troops,  and  on  approaching  a  flag,  seen 
at  the  foot  of  a  moimtain,  he  was  drawn  thus 
treacherously  into  an  ambush,  and  the  enemy  rose 
upon  him  in  great  numbers.  He  fought  bravely 
three  quarters  of  an  hour,  when  one  of  his  men 
cried  out,  that  he  had  ordered  a  retreat.  This  in- 
terrupted their  fire,  and  a  total  route  ensued. 
Many  were  lost  in  the  river,  when  endeavoring  to 
cross  it,  the  enemy  pursuing  them  with  furj-. 
Only  seventy  escaped  to  Wilk.  sbarre.  On  this 
day  two  hundred  women  were  made  widows. 
July  4,  the  enemy,  with  a  summons  to  surrender, 
sent  one  hmidred  and  ninety-six  scalps  into  fort 
Kingston,  where  Col.  Dennison  commanded.  In 
the  evening  Col.  Butler  left  the  fort  with  his  fam- 
ily and  proceeded  down  the  river  in  safety.  Such 
is  the  account,  written  or  published  at  Pough- 
keepsie  July  20th,  and  published  in  Almon's  Re- 
membrancer, and  which  was  followed  by  Gordon, 
Marshall,  and  others,  excepting,  that  Marshall 
reduces  the  immber  escaping  July  3d  to  twenty, 
instead  of  seventy.  But  this  account  of  the  aff"air 
has  been  recently  contradicted  by  E.  D.  Griffin, 
whose  mother  was  the  daughter  of  Col.  Butler. 
According  to  his  statement,  his  grandfather  was 
compelled  to  fight  prematurely  by  the  rash  vehe- 
1  mence  of  his  men,  who  could  not  brook  the  delay 
1  requisite  for  obtaining  information  concerning  the 
enemy ;  but,  ambushed,  he  rode  amongst  his 
I  ranks,  exposing  himself  with  the  utmost  coohiess 
to  the  whole  fire  of  the  enemy,  in  the  vain  hope 
I  of  sustaining  the  courage  of  his  men ;  and  of 
I  three  hmidred  only  four  escaped,  of  which  nu.v- 
I  her  he  was  one.  Such  an  incautious,  rash  attack 
of  the  enemy  under  Brant,  by  the  troops  of 
Goshen,  issued  the  next  year  in  a  similar  defeat  at 
Minisink  j  Col.  Tusten  being  compelled  to  march 
by  the  brave  flourish  of  a  subordinate  oificer. 


BUTLER. 


BUTLER. 


177 


Col.  Butler  received  marks  of  eonfidcnce  from 
Washinpton.  Mr.  Griffin,  about  the  year  ISKi, 
visited  the  f^rave  of  his  (grandfather,  the  j)atriareh 
of  Wyoming,  and  found  some  uncouth  rhymes 
chiselled  on  his  monument.  Had  Thomas  Camp- 
bell resided  one  winter  at  Wyoming,  ere  he  wrote 
his  Gertrude,  a  beautiful  poem,  he  never  would 
have  associated  the  objects  of  tropical  scenery 
with  the  vale  of  the  Susquehannah ;  he  never 
would  have  made  the  crocodile  to  swim  in  that 
river ;  nor  caused  the  red  flaminr/o  and  the  huge 
condor  of  the  rock  to  spread  their  wings  there  ; 
nor  planted  on  its  banks  the  aloes,  the  high 
magnolia,  and  the  palm  tree.  —  Alinon's  Amer. 
Eememb.  1779,  p.  61-55.  Gordon,  in.  188; 
Thacher'a  Mil.  Jour.  141;  Marshall,  III.  557; 
Qriffin's  Remains. 

BUTLER,  WiLLUM,  colonel,  an  officer  of  the 
Revolution,  after  the  destruction  of  Wyoming  by 
John  Butler  and  the  Indians  July  5,  1778  was 
immediately  detached  in  command,  as  licut.-col. 
of  the  fourth  Pennsylvania  regiment,  for  the  as- 
sistance of  the  frontiers.  He  marched  from 
Schoharie  and  penetrated  into  the  Indian  country 
in  October  with  great  difficulty,  crossing  liigh 
mouitoins  and  deep  waters,  and  destroyed  the 
towns  Unadilla  and  Anaguaga,  the  latter  being 
the  head  quarters  of  Brant,  lying  on  both  sides 
the  Susquehannah,  where  it  is  two  hundred  and 
fifty  yards  wide.  Many  farm  houses  and  about 
four  thousand  bushels  of  grain  were  destroyed. 
Ills  account  of  the  expedition  was  published.  It 
18  believed  that  he  is  the  Col.  Butler  who  was  dis- 
tinguished in  the  expedition  of  Sullivan  against 
the  Indians  in  1779.  —  Marshall,  in.  502;  Al- 
monds Itcmem.,  1779,  253. 

BUTLER,  WiLLLVM,  major-general,  an  officer 
of  the  Revolution,  was  the  son  of  James  Butler, 
who  in  the  command  of  a  party  of  whigs  was 
surprised  and  taken  prisoner  near  pioud's  creek. 
South  Carolina,  by  a  party  of  Cunningham's 
horse,  and  after  his  surrender  perished  with  the 
other  prisoners,  who  were  marched  out  one  by 
one  and  cut  to  jiieces.  This  treacherous  murder, 
by  the  hand  of  the  royalist  leader,  gave  a  keen 
edge  to  the  spirit  of  the  son.  At  the  head  of  a 
body  of  cavalry  he,  with  Capt.  Michael  Watson  of 
the  mounted  rangers,  attacked  with  great  gal 
lantry  and  dispersed  double  the  number  of  the 
enemy  in  Dean's  swamp,  though  Watson  fell  in 
the  action.  In  1800  he  was  a  representative  in 
congress.  In  the  war  of  1812  he  commanded 
the  forces  of  South  Carolina,  employed  in  the 
defence  of  the  State.  He  died  in  Edgefield  dis- 
trict Nov.  15,  1821,  aged  67.  His  wife,  who 
survived  him  many  years,  was  a  remarkable  wo- 
man. Her  name  was  Bchethland  Moore.  In 
the  necessary  absence  of  her  husband  from  home 
the  care  of  the  family  and  of  the  plantation  fell 
upon  her,  with  the  cliief  moral  training  of  her 
33 


children;  of  whom  Col.  James  died  in  1821; 
>L\j.  George  at  the  age  of  33 ;  William  was  a 
surgeon  in  the  navy;  Judge  A.  P.  Itutler  was  a 
senator  of  the  United  States  ;  Col.  P.  M.  Butler 
was  the  governor  of  the  State,  and  fell  at  tho 
head  of  the  South  Carolina  troops  in  Mexico,  one 
of  the  many  victims  to  a  needless  and  therefore 
wicked  war.  The  only  daughter,  Emmala,  mar- 
ried Waddy  Thompson. 

BUTIildl,  Pkiu  IVAL,  general,  a  soldier  of  the 
Revolution,  was  with  the  army  at  the  siege  and 
capture  of  York,  Oct.  19,  1781.  He  died  at  Port 
William,  Kentucky,  Scjjt.  11,  1821,  aged  61. 

BUTLliR,  Peiuck,  a  senator,  was  of  ihe  family 
of  the  Dukes  of  Ormond  in  Ireland.  Before  the 
Revolution  he  was  a  major  in  a  British  regiment 
in  Boston.  He  aftenvards  attached  himself  to 
the  republican  institutions  of  America.  In  1787 
he  was  a  delegate  from  South  CaroUna  to  con- 
gress ;  in  1788  a  member  of  the  convention, 
which  framed  the  constitution  of  tho  United 
States.  Under  the  constitution  he  was  one  of 
the  first  senators  from  South  Carolina,  and  re- 
mained hi  congress  till  1796.  On  the  death  of 
Mr.  Calhoun  in  1802,  he  was  again  appointed ; 
but  resigned  in  1804.  In  his  political  views  he 
was  opposed  to  some  of  the  measures  of  Wash- 
ington's administration.  Jay's  treaty  he  disaj)- 
proved,  while  he  approved  of  the  war  of  1812. 
He  died  at  Philadelphia  Feb.  15,  1822,  aged  77. 
His  wife,  a  daughter  of  Col.  Middletoii  of  Charles- 
ton, whom  he  married  in  1768,  died  in  1790. 

BUTLER,  William,  died  in  Pliiladelphio  in 
Juno,  1838,  aged  108. 

BUTLER,  Ezu A,  governor  of  Vermont,  died 
at  Watcrbury  July  19,  1838,  aged  77. 

BUTLER,  JA.M1.S  D.,  died  in  Rutland,  Vt.,  in 
1842,  aged  70,  an  early  settler.  He  served  in 
various  offices,  was  an  ciKcicnt  officer  of  temper- 
ance and  other  charitable  societies,  and  an  emi- 
nent Christian. 

BUTLER,  David,  D.  D.,  died  at  Troy  July 
10,  1842,  aged  80,  the  oldest  Episcopal  clergy- 
man in  the  State  r'  New  York. 

BUTLini,  William,  died  at  Northampton 
March  9,  1831,  aged  68.  He  established  one  of 
the  earliest  papers  in  western  Massachusetts, — 
the  IIaini)Fhire  Gazette,  at  Northampton  Sept. 
(i,  178(5,  and  conducted  it  nearly  tliirty  years.  It 
is  now  the  oldest  paper  in  tho  western  part  of 
tho  State.  There  was  a  paper  four  years  sooner 
in  Springfield ;  but  it  was  soon  discontinued. 
There  behig  no  post-office  in  Northampton,  he 
was  obliged  to  send  to  Si)ringfield  every  week  for 
his  news.  He  married  lluldah,  a  daughter  of 
Col.  John  Brown,  distinguished  in  the  war  of  the 
Revolution ;  and  she  yet  survives  in  venerated 
old  age.  —  Holland's  West.  Mass.  I.  453. 

BUTLER  SiMKON,  mi  enterprising  bookseller 
and  publisher,  died  in  Northampton  Nov.  7, 1847, 


178 


BUTLElt. 


BYFIELD. 


aged  77.  A  native  of  Hartford,  he  had  lived  in 
Northampton  more  tlian  fifty  years.  He  puty- 
lished  the  first  volume  of  the  MoHsachusetts 
Reports  and  two  or  three  hundred  thousand  other 
volumes  of  valuable  books.  AVith  his  brother 
Asa  he  established  in  Sufticld  a  manufactory  of 
paper,  and  made,  it  is  believed,  the  first  American 
letter  paper  used  in  the  senate  of  the  United 
States. 

BUTLER,  JosiAll,  judge,  died  at  Deerfield, 
N.  H.,  Oct.  29,  18u4,  aged  74.  A  graduate  of 
Harvard  in  1803,he  was  in  congress  in  1817-1823, 
and  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  New  Hamp- 
shire in  1725. 

BUTLER,  Caleb,  died  at  Lowell  Oct.  7,  1854, 
aged  78.  A  native  of  Pelham,  N.  H.,  he  gradu- 
ated at  Dartmouth  in  1800,  and  was  eleven  years 
preceptor  of  Groton  academy,  and  twenty  years 
post-master.  He  published  a  history  of  Groton, 
8vo.  i  also  a  masonic  oration,  181G ;  facts,  etc., 
as  to  affairs  in  Groton,  1827;  review  reviewed, 
1850.  —  Nightingale's  Settnon. 

BUTLER,  Cykus,  died  at  Providence  Aug.  22, 
1849,  aged  82  years.  He  was  worth  from  three 
to  four  millions  of  dollars.  He  gave  some  years 
before  his  death  40,000  dollars  to  vhe  Butler  hos- 
pital for  the  insane  in  Prondence.  His  father, 
Samuel,  a  shoemaker  from  Edgartown,  became 
a  large  ship  owner  at  Providence,  and  left;  his 
son  a  large  fortune,  which  he  increased  by  fru- 
gality and  wide  commercial  operations. 

BUTLER,  M.tNN,  the  historian  of  Kentucky, 
was  killed  in  Nov.,  1855,  by  the  railroad  disaster 
in  Missouri,  with  Dr.  Bullard  and  others. 

BUTRICK,  Daniel,  died  June  8,  1851.    He 

was  thirty  years  a  missionary  to  the  Cherokces. 

BUITERWORTH,  Catharlxe,  Mrs.,  died  at 

Dubuque  Aug.  30,  1748,  aged  114,  a  native  of 

Ireland. 

BUTTNER,  Gottlieb,  a  Moravian  missionary 
to  the  Mohegan  Indians  in  New  York,  died  Feb. 
23,  1745,  aged  28.  He  arrived  in  this  country 
Oct.,  1741.  In  the  preceding  year  C.  H.  Rauch 
had  commenced  the  mission  at  Shekomeko,  or 
Shaeomaco,  a  village  of  a  few  Mohegan  Indians, 
thirty  miles  from  Poughkeepsie,  about  twenty-five 
miles  east  of  the  Hudson  river,  near  the  borders 
of  Connecticut,  and  close  by  the  Stissik  mountain. 
In  Feb.,  1742,  Count  Zinzendorf,  at  Oly  in  Penn- 
sylvania, ordained  Butler  a  deacon.  The  count, 
with  his  daughter  Benigny,  visited  Shaeomaco  in 
August,  and  constituted  the  first  Moravian  con- 
gregation of  Indians,  consisting  of  ten  persons, 
among  whom  were  Shabash,  Seim,  Kiop,  Tschoop, 
and  Kermelok.  Buttner,  with  his  wife,  arrived 
at  Shaeomaco  in  October  and  entered  upon  his 
labors,  preaching  in  Dutch  or  English,  and  hav- 
ing an  interpreter  for  the  Indians.  In  1742  the 
number  of  the  baptized  was  thirty-one.  The 
Lord's  siij)j)cr  was  first  administered  March  13, 


1743,  and  again  July  27.  A  monthly  prayer 
meeting  was  established,  at  which  accounts  were 
read  concerning  the  progress  of  the  goK])el  in 
the  world.  During  the  year  1743  Buttner  expe- 
rienced much  jjersecution,  being  summoned 
several  times  to  Poughkeepsie  to  answer  to 
charges  brought  against  him.  He  was  accused 
of  teaching  without  authority,  and  of  refusing  to 
take  the  oath  of  allegiance,  deeming  an  oath 
unlawful.  The  other  missionaries  were  soon 
withdrawn  from  Shaeomaco  on  account  of  the 
persecution,  and  in  1746  ten  families  of  the  In- 
dians, in  all  forty-four  persons,  emigrated  to 
Pennsylvania.  For  them  two  hundred  acres  of 
land  were  purchased  at  the  junction  of  the  rivers 
Mahony  and  Leeha,  beyond  the  blue  mountains, 
and  the  new  town  was  called  Gnadenhutten  or 
tents  of  grace.  Other  Mohegan  emigrants  from 
Shaeomaco  and  Connecticut  soon  followed.  The 
mission  of  Sergeant  at  Stockbridge  was  earlier 
than  this.  —  LoskieVs  Hist.  Morav.  Miss.,  n. 
58,  63. 

BUTTRICK,  Elizabeth,  missionary  among 
the  Cherokees,  died  at  Dwight  Aug.  3,  1847,  aged 
67.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Jonathan  Proctor 
of  Ipswh,  Mass.  Having  been  a  teacher  in 
New  England,  she  went  among  the  Cherokees  in 
Georgia,  as  a  teacher,  in  1823  ;  in  1827  she  mar- 
ried Daniel  S.  Buttrick,  who  had  been  a  mis- 
sionary nine  years.  Their  labors  were  among 
the  Indians  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mississij)pi 
till  1838,  and  afterwards  on  the  west,  at  Fairfield 
and  Mount  Zion.  In  her  last  hours  "all  was 
peaceful  and  joyful."  She  had  toiled  faithfully 
twenty-four  years  among  a  dark-minded  pcoj)le. 

BYFIELD,  Natilvniel,  judge  of  the  vice  ad- 
miralty, and  member  of  the  council  of  Massachu- 
setts, died  June  6,  1733,  aged  ""^  He  was  the 
son  of  Richard  Byfield,  pastor  ng  Ditton  in 

Sussex,  England,  who  was  on  .e  di«nes  in 

the  Westminster  assembly.  His  mother  was  the 
sister  of  Bishop  Juxon.  He  was  born  in  the 
year  1653,  and  was  the  youngest  of  twenty-one 
children,  sixteen  of  whom  sometimes  accompa- 
nied at  the  sanu-  time  their  i)ious  father  to  the 
house  of  worship.  He  arrived  at  Boston  in  the 
year  1674.  Being  an  eminent  merchant,  whose 
property  was  very  considerable,  soon  after  Philip's 
war  he  was  one  of  the  four  proprietors  and  the 
principal  settler  of  the  town  of  Bristol  in  Rhode 
Island.  He  lived  in  this  place  till  the  year  1724, 
when  on  accoimt  of  his  advanced  age  he  returned 
to  Boston,  where  he  died.  He  possessed  very 
considerable  abilities,  which  fitted  him  for  the 
stations  which  he  occui>ied.  He  held  a  variety 
of  offices  both  civil  and  military.  He  was  speaker 
of  the  house  of  representatives  i  was  for  thirty- 
eight  years  chief  justice  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas  for  Bristol  county,  and  two  years  for  Suf- 
folk ;  was  many  years  a  member  of  the  council ; 


BYLES. 


BYLES. 


179 


immon 
mt  Suf- 
iincil ; 


and  was  judge  of  the  vice-ndmiralty  from  the 
year  1703.  llis  spirit  was  active  and  vigorous, 
his  courage  unshaken  by  any  danger,  and  his 
constancy  such  as  was  not  easily  discouraged  by 
dithcuhies.  He  was  well  foTmcd  for  the  exercise 
of  authority,  his  very  looks  inspiring  respect. 
He  possessed  a  happy  elocution.  He  loved  order, 
and  in  his  family  the  nicest  economy  was  visible. 
He  was  conspicuous  for  jiiety,  having  a  liberal, 
catholic  spirit,  and  loving  all  good  men,  however 
they  differed  from  him  in  matters  of  small  impor- 
tance. For  forty  years  he  constantly  devoted  a 
certain  proportion  of  liis  estate  to  charitable  pur- 
poses. In  one  year  he  was  known  to  give  away 
several  hundreds  of  pounds.  He  had  a  steady 
and  unshaken  faith  in  the  truths  of  the  gospel ; 
and  he  died  in  the  lively  hope  of  the  mercy  of 
God  through  the  glorious  Iledeemer.  He  pub- 
lished a  tract,  entitled  an  account  of  the  late 
revolution  in  New  England,  with  the  declaration 
of  the  gentlemen,  merchants,  and  inhabitants  of 
Boston,  &c.,  1689.  —  Chaunci/a  Fun.  Sermon ; 
Weekly  News  Letter,  No.  1533 ;  Hutchinson,  ii. 
211. 

BYLES,  James,  died  at  Oysterbay  Jan.,  1839, 
aged  about  1 1 8 ;  a  native  of  France  and  a  soldier 
under  Wolfe. 

BYLES,  Mather,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Boston, 
died  July  5,  1788,  aged  82.  He  was  descended 
from  a  respectable  family,  and  was  born  in  that 
town  March  2G,  1706.  Ilis  father  was  a  native 
of  England,  and  died  within  a  year  after  the  birth 
of  his  son.  By  his  mother's  side  he  descended 
from  Richard  Mather,  of  Dorchester,  and  John 
Cotton,  of  Boston.  In  earl_  life  he  discovered  a 
taste  for  literature,  and  he  w  as  graduated  at  Har- 
vard college  in  1725.  After  pursuing  his  literary 
and  theological  studies  for  some  time,  he  com- 
menced preaching.  He  was  ordained  the  first 
pastor  of  the  church  in  Hollis  street,  Boston, 
IJec.  20,  1733.  It  was  not  long  befbro  he  attained 
considerable  eminence  in  his  profession,  and  he 
became  known  by  his  publication  of  several  pieces 
in  prose  and  verse.  His  poetical  talents  he  con- 
sidered only  as  instruments  of  innocent  amuse- 
ment, and  never  permitted  them  to  withdraw  his 
attention  from  more  serious  and  profitable  objects. 
He  never  attempted  any  great  production  in 
verse,  but  sounded  his  lyre  only  in  compliance 
with  occasional  inclination.  He  continued  to  live 
happily  with  his  parish  in  the  useful  discharge  of 
ministerial  duties  imtil  the  late  revolution  began 
to  create  distrust  and  animosity  between  the  dif- 
ferent parties  that  existed  in  the  country  prior  to 
the  war.  Falling  under  the  imputation  of  being 
a  tory,  he  was  in  1776  separated  from  liis  people 
by  the  jealousy  and  violence  of  the  times,  and  he 
was  never  afterwards  re-united  to  them.  He  was 
accused  of  attachment  to  Great  Britain.  The 
substance  of  the  charges  against  him  was,  that 


he  continued  in  Boston  with  his  fumily  during  the 
picgc ;  that  he  prayed  for  the  king  and  the  safety 
of  the  town ;  and  that  ho  received  the  visits  of 
the  British  officers.    In  May   1777  he  was  de- 
nounced in  town  meeting  as  a  person  inimical  to 
Atnerica;  after  which  he  was  obliged  to  enter 
into  bonds  for  his  ap])earance  at  a  public  trial 
before  a  special  court  on  the  second  of  June  fol- 
lowing.   He  was  pronounced  guilty,  and  sentenced 
to  confinement  on  board  a  guard-shij),  and  in  forty 
days  to  be  sent  with  his  family  to  England.    When 
brought  before  the  board  of  war,  by  whom  ho 
was  treated  respectfully,  his  sentence  seems  to 
have  been  altered,  and  it  was  directed  that  he 
should  be  confined  to  liis  own  house,  and  a  guard 
placed  over  him  there.    This  was  accordingly 
done  for  a  few  weeks,  and  then  the  guard  waa 
removed.     A  short  time  aftcnvards  a  guard  was 
again  placed    over  him,   and    again  dismissed. 
Upon  this  occasion  he  observed  in  his  own  man- 
ner, that  he  was  guarded,  regarded,  and  disre- 
garded.   He  was  not  again  connected  with  any 
parish.    In  the  year  1783  he  was  seized  with  a 
paralytic  disorder,  and  he  died  at  the  great  age  of 
eighty-two  years.    He  was  twice  married.    His 
first  wife  was  the  niece  of  Gov.  Belcher,  and  his 
second  the  daughter  of  Lieut.-Gov.  Tailer.    His 
son,  Mather  Byles,  D.  D.,  was  a  minister  of  Nevir 
London,  in  Connecticut,  but  was  dismissed  in 
1768,  and  was  then  an  Episcopal  minister  several 
years  in  Boston  till  the  Revolution,  and  afterwards 
at  St.  John's,  New  Brunswick,  where  he  died 
March  12,  1814.    His  grandson,  Mather  Brown, 
historical  and  portrait  painter,  artist  to  George 
IV.,  died  at  London  May  25,  1831. 

Dr.  Byles  was  in  person  tall  and  well  propor- 
tioned. He  possessed  a  commanding  presence, 
and  was  a  graceful  speaker.  His  voice  was  strong, 
clear,  harmonious,  and  susceptible  of  various 
modulations,  adapted  to  the  subject  of  his  dis- 
course. He  was  remarkable  for  the  abundance 
of  llis  wit  in  common  conversation,  and  for  the 
smartness  of  his  repartees.  He  possessed  an 
uncommon  talent  in  making  pims,  some  of  which 
are  at  the  present  day  frequently  repeated  in 
social  circles.  His  imagination  was  fertile,  and 
his  satire  keen.  His  wit  was  a  dangerous  instru- 
ment, in  the  use  of  which  he  was  not  always 
prudent,  and  it  is  thought  that  he  was  not  suffi- 
ciently regardful  of  the  consequences  of  the  severe 
remarks  in  which  he  sometimes  indulged  himself. 

His  Uterary  merit  introduced  him  to  the  ac- 
quaintance of  many  men  of  genius  in  England ; 
and  the  names  of  Pope,  Lansdowne,  and  Watts 
are  found  among  his  correspondents.  From  the 
former  he  received  a  copy  of  an  elegant  edition 
of  the  Odyssey  in  quarto.  Dr.  Watts  sent  him 
copies  of  his  works,  as  he  published  them.  His 
poetry  eviijces  a  rich  fancy,  and  the  versification 
is  polished.    The  following  extract  from  "  the 


180 


BYLES. 


Conflngration "  relates  to  the  effect  on  the  earth 
of  the  iiamcs  of  the  last  day : 

"  Yet  shall  ye,  Flampi,  the  wantinit  (jlnbe  rrflne, 
And  bill  tliv  Mm  with  piinT  HpliMiilor  Hliino, 
ThB  I'urtli,  wlilcli  the  prniiflo  fln'ii  roiiKumo, 
To  bi'auty  burn>,  ami  witlivni  into  lilaom; 
ImpriiviiiK  in  tliu  fiTtllo  llamo  it  Ilea, 
J  Fuili'M  Inti)  fcirni  and  Into  \\goT  ilirs ; 

Fri'Kh-ilawiiinit  glorlcH  blush  nniiiljit  the  blaze, 
AdJ  uuturu  nil  renews  her  Uowcry  flicc." 

In  his  preaching  ho  was  generally  solemn  and 
interesting,  though  sometimes  his  sermons  gave 
mdications  of  the  jjeculiar  turn  of  his  mind.  On 
being  asked  why  he  did  not  preach  politics,  he 
rcj)lied :  "  I  have  thrown  up  four  breastworks, 
behind  which  I  have  intrenched  myself,  neither 
of  which  can  be  forced.  In  the  first  place  I  do 
not  understand  politics ;  in  the  second  place  you 
nil  do,  every  man  and  mother's  son  of  you }  in 
the  third  place,  you  have  politics  all  the  week, 
pray  let  one  day  out  of  seven  be  devoted  to  re- 
ligion ;  in  the  fourth  place,  I  am  engaged  in  a 
work  of  infinitely  greater  importance.  Give  me 
any  subject  to  preach  on  of  more  consequence 
than  the  truths  I  bring  to  you,  and  I  will  preach 
on  it  the  next  Sabbath." 

The  following  extracts  from  one  of  his  sermons 
■will  show  what  were  the  religious  sentiments 
which  he  embraced  and  enforced  upon  his  hearers. 
"  We  perceive,"  said  he,  "  that  conversion  is  out 
of  our  own  power.  It  is  impossible  for  us  to 
convert  ourselves,  or  for  all  the  angels  in  heaven 
to  do  it  for  us.  To  convince  you  of  this,  let  the 
natural  man  make  the  experiment.  Try  this 
moment.  Try  and  see  whether  you  can  bring 
your  hearts  to  this,  to  renounce  all  happiness  in 
eveiything  but  the  favor  of  God ;  to  let  God  order 
for  you;  to  have  no  will  of  your  own ;  to  be  swal- 
lowed up  and  ravished  with  his  will,  whatever  it 
is.  Can  you  renounce  every  mortal  idol  P  Can 
you  leave  this  world  and  all  the  low  delights  of 
it,  and  go  to  a  world  where  you  will  have  none 
of  them  J  but  the  love  of  God  will  swallow  you 
up?  These  things  are  so  far  distant  from  an 
unrenewed  heart,  that  they  look  like  wild  para- 
doxes to  it."  "The  enmity  between  God  and 
us  is  irreconcilable,  but  by  Christ.  Out  of  him 
God  is  a  consuming  fire.  False  notions  of  the 
Divine  justice  and  mercy  could  never  bring  us 
truly  to  him ;  and  true  ones  would  only  drive  us 
farther  from  him.  So  that  set  Christ  aside,  and 
there  can  be  no  conversion.  We  learn  also  the 
honors  of  the  Holy  Ghost.  He  is  the  agent  who 
performs  this  work.  One  reason,  that  men  fall 
short  of  this  sanng  change,  is  the  not  acknowl- 
edging him  as  they  ought.  Did  men  regard  the 
operation  of  the  Holy  Spirit  more,  there  would 
be  more  frequent  converts.  Men  are  apt  to  trust 
to  their  own  strength  when  they  set  about  the 
work  of  conversion.    They  rob  the  Spirit  of  God 


CABELL. 

of  his  glory,  and  so  it  all  comes  to  nothing,  lie 
it  is  who  makes  this  great  change  in  men.  Ho 
must  be  the  Almighty  God  then  j  and  we  should 
honor  him  as  so." 

He  ])ubliHhcd  a  number  of  essays  in  the  New 
England  weekly  journal,  which  are  marked  by 
one  of  the  letters  comjmRing  the  word  ckloizaj 
a  poem  on  the  death  of  George  I.,  and  the  acces- 
sion of  George  II.,  1727  ;  a  poetical  epistle  to 
Gov.  Belcher,  on  the  death  of  his  lady,  1  lliH.  A 
number  of  his  miscellaneous  poems  were  collected 
and  printed  in  a  volume,  in  1744.  Among  tho 
sermons,  which  he  published,  are  the  following : 
tho  character  of  the  upright  man,  1729;  on  the 
nature  and  necessity  of  conversion,  1732 ;  flourish 
of  the  annual  spring,  1739 ;  at  tho  artillery  elec- 
tion, 1740;  on  setting  our  affections  on  things 
above,  1740 ;  before  an  execution,  1751 ;  on  Mrs. 
Dummer,  1752;  on  William  Dummer,  1761;  on 
J.  Gould,  1772 ;  at  the  lectitfe,  1751 ;  on  the 
earthquake,  1755 ;  at  the  thanksgiving  for  the 
success  of  the  British  arms,  1760 ;  on  the  present 
vilcness  of  the  body  and  its  future  glorious 
change,  second  edition,  1771.  —  rohjanthos,\\. 
1-10  ;  Spec.  Amer.  Poetrji,  1.  124-133. 

BYRI),  WiLLUM,  colonel,  a  distinguished  citi- 
zen of  Virginia,  died  about  1743,  at  an  advanced 
age.  He  was  a  member  of  the  council  about 
1682.  When  in  1699  about  three  hundred  of  the 
persecuted  French  protestants  arrived  in  the  col- 
ony, he  received  them  with  the  affection  of  a 
father  and  gave  them  the  most  liberal  assistance. 
His  generous  charity  to  the  poor  foreigners  is 
particularly  described  by  Beverly.  He  had  re- 
ceived a  liberal  education  in  England,  and  was 
distinguished  for  his  literary  taste  and  his  patron- 
age of  science.  He  had  one  of  the  largest  libra- 
ries on  the  continent.  In  1723  he  was  one  of  the 
commissioners  for  establishing  the  line  between 
North  Carolina  and  Virginia.  He  was  a  fellow 
of  the  royal  society,  as  were  also  Mather,  Boyl- 
ston,  Dudley,  Silas  Taylor  of  Virginia,  and  others. 
Having  a  large  property,  his  munificence  and  his 
style  of  living  were  unrivalled  in  the  colony.  He 
wrote,  it  is  believed,  the  anonjmous  work,  the 
history  of  the  dividing  line  between  Virginia  and 
North  Carolina,  1728 ;  also,  for  the  philosophical 
transactions,  an  account  of  a  negro  boy,  dappled 
with  white  spots.  A  colonel  Wm.  Byrd,  prob- 
ably his  son,  was  a  commissioner  to  treat  with  the 
Indians  in  1756,  and  accompanied  Forbes  in  the 
expedition  against  fort  du  Quesne  in  1758.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  council  at  the  beginning  of 
the  Revolution ;  but  he  was  deceased  before  Jan. 
5,  1781,  when  Arnold  debarked  at  Westover,  the 
residence  of  his  widow. — Beverly,  Vi.  13;  Mil- 
ler, II.  61 ;  Burk. 

CABELL,  Samuel  J.,  colonel,  a  Revolutionary 
soldier,  died  at  his  seat  in  Nelson  county,  Va., 
Sept.  4,  1818,  aged  61.    Being  in  college  at  the 


CAHKLI,. 


CABOT. 


181 


!)ppiiiilii;j  of  llic  war,  he  joined  tlie  first  armed 
corps,  raised  in  Virginia,  and  soon  attained  the 
rank  of  lieut.-colonel  in  the  continental  army, 
M-rvinf,' with  re])Utati()n  in  all  the  northern  cani- 
jmi-^ns,  till  the  fall  of  Charleston,  May  12,  17H(), 
when  he  heeame  n  prisoner.  The  close  of  the 
war  restored  him  to  liberty.  For  many  years  he 
was  a  meniher  of  the  assembly,  also  a  member 
of  eonfjresH. 

{'AHi:i,I,,  Wll.l.lAM  II.,  governor  of  Virginia, 
died  at  Jtichmond  Jan.  17,  IHo'S.  He  was  presi- 
dent of  the  conrt  of  appeals. 

CAUO'l',  John,  u  Venetian,  who  first  discov- 
ered  the   continent  of   America,  was   ])erfectly 
skilled  in  all  the  Bcicnccs  rccpiisitc  to  form  an  ac- 
comi)lished  mariner.     He  had  three  sons,  J>ewis, 
Hebastian,  and  Sanctiu.^,  all  of  whom  he  educated 
in  a  manner  best  calculated  to  make  them  able 
seamen.     Encouraged  by  the  success  of  Colum- 
bus, who  returned  in  1403  from  his  first  voyage, 
he  v.iis  determined  to  attempt  the  discovery  of 
»mknown   lands,  jiarticulai'ly  of  a  northwest  j)a8- 
sage   to  the   I'^ast  Indies.    Having  obtained  a 
commission  from  King  Henry  VII.,  emjjowering 
him  and  his  three  sons  to  discover  unknown  lands, 
and  to  conquer  and  settle  them,  and  giving  liim 
jurisdiction  over  the  countries  which  he  should 
subdue,  on  condition  of  pacing  the  king  one  fifth 
part  of  all  the  gains,  he  sailed  from  Bristol  with 
two  vessels,  freighted  by  the  merchants  of  Lon- 
don and  Bristol  with  articles  of  traific,  and  with 
about  three  hundred  men,  in  May,  1497.     He 
sailed  towards  the  northwest  till  he  reached  the 
latitude  of  58  degrees,  when  the  floating  ice  and 
the  severity  of  the  weather  induced  him  to  alter 
his  course  to  the  southwest.     He  discovered  land 
June  24,  which,  as  it  was  the  first  that  he  had 
seen,  he  called  Prima  Vista.    This  is  generally 
supposed  to  be  a  part  of  the  island  of  New- 
foundland, though  in  the  opinion  of  some  it  is  a 
place  on  the  peninsula  of  Nova  Scotia,  in  the 
latitude  of   45    degrees.      A    few    days    after- 
ward a  smaller  island  was  discovered,  to  whiah 
he  gave  the  name  of  St.  John,  on  account  of 
its  being   discovered  on   the  day  of  John  the 
the  Baptist.    Continuing  his  course  westerly,  he 
soon  reached  the  continent,  and  then  sailed  along 
the  coast  northwardly  to  the  latitude  of  C7  1-2 
degrees.    As    the  coast    stretched  toward    the 
east,  he  turned  back  and  sailed  toward  the  equa- 
tor, till  he  came  to  Florida.     His  provisions  now 
failing,  and  a  mutiny  breaking  out  among   the 
mariners,  he  returned  to  England  without  at- 
temptuig  a  settlement  or  conquest  in  any  part  of 
the  new  world.    In  this  voyage  Cabot  was  accom- 
panied by  his  son   Sebastian,  and  to  them  is 
attributed  the  honor  of  first  beholding  the  conti- 
nent of  North  America ;  for  it  was  not  till  the 
following  year,  1498,  that  the  continent  was  seen 
by  Columbus. 


lie  importance;  for,  nn  Irving  riMnarks,  "when 
Columlius  first  touched  the  shore  of  the  western 
hemisiihcre,  he  had  achieved  his  enterprise,  ho 
had  accomplished  all  that  was  neces^a^y  to  his 
fame;  the  great  ])robleni  was  solved)  the  New 
World  was  discovered.  —  //(/Ai/^/i'.v  Aiiier.  Iliof/. 
I.  149-104;  lldlmi'ni  /'h/W/k.v,  i.  7;J7,  7:18;  Ilvb- 
crtsoti,  Hook  IX.  10,  17;  I'lincc  Jut  rod.  80;  Ii'- 
I'lH.'/V  Ciiliimliii.i. 

C.MtO  T,  Si;iiASTiAN,  an  eminent  navigator,  the 
son  of  the  preceding,  died  about  \d:>l,  aged  80. 
He   was  born   at  Bristol.     When  about  twenty 
years  of  ago   he  accomjianied   his  father  in  the 
voyage  of  1497,  in  which   the  continent  of  the 
new  world  was  discovered.     About  the  year  1017 
he  sailed   on   another  voyage  of  discovery,  and 
went  to  the  Brazils,  and  thence  to  llispaniola  and 
I'orto  Jiico.     Failing  in  his  object  of  finding  a 
way  to  the  East  huties,  he  returned  to  England. 
Having  been  invited  to  Spain,  where  he  was  re- 
ceived in  the  most  respectful  manner  by  King 
Ferdinand  and  Queen  Isabella,  he  sailed  in  their 
service  on  a  voyage  of  discovery  in  April,  1025. 
He  visited   the  coast  of  Brazil,  and  entered  a 
great  river,  to  which  he  gave  the  name  of  Kio  de 
la  Plata.    He  sailed  uj)  this  river  one  hundred 
and  twenty  leagues.    After  being  absent  on  tliis 
expedition   a  number  of  years,  he  retiuued  to 
Spain   in   the   sjjring  of  1031.     But  he  was  not 
well  received.    He  made  other  voyages,  of  which 
no  particular  memorials  remain.    His  residence 
was  at  the  city  of  Seville.    His  employment  in 
the  office  of   chief  pilot  was  the   drawing  of 
charts,  on  which  he  delineated  all  the  new  dis- 
coveries  made  by  himself  and  others ;  and,  by 
his  office,  he  was  entrusted  with  the  reviewing  of 
all  projects  for  discovery.    His  character  is  said 
to  have  been  gentle,  friendly,  and  social,  though 
in  his  voyages  some  instances  of  injustice  towards 
the  natives  and  of  severity  towards  his  mariners 
are  recorded.    In  his  advanced  age  he  returned 
to  England  and  resided  at  Bristol.    He  received 
a  pension  from  Edward  VI.,  and  was  appointed 
governor  of  a  company  of  merchants,  associated 
for  the  purpose  of  maldng  discoveries.    He  had 
a  strong  persuasion  that  a  passage  might  be  found 
to  China  by  the  northeast.    By  his  means  a  trade 
was  commenced  with  Ilussia,  which  gave  rise  to 
the  Russian  company.    The  last  account  of  him 
is,  that  in  1556,  when  the  company  were  sending 
out  a  vessel  for  discovery,  he  made  a  visit  on 
board.    "The  good  old  gentleman,  master  Ca- 
bota,"  says  the  journal  of  the  voyage  in  Hakluyt, 
"  gave  to  the  poor  most  liberal  alms,  wishing 
them  to  pray  for  the  good  fortune  and  ])rospcrous 
success  of  our  pinnace.    And  then  at  the  sign  of 
St.  Christojjher,  he  and  his  friends  banqueted,  and 
for  very  joy,  that  he  had  to  see  the  towardness 


of  our  intended  discovery,  he  entered  into   the 
But  tliis  circumstance  is  of  lit^  dance  himself  among  the  rest  of  the  young  and 
16 


182 


CABOT. 


CALDWELL. 


'•;..l_»  compnny ;  which  hein/i  cndi'd,  ho  and  liis 
fricmlH  (le]mrli'd,  most  f{rntly  coniniondiiif;  us  to 
the  K"Vt'rimiicc  of  Almighty  (iod."  He  was  one 
of  tlio  most  cxtrnordiimry  int'ii  of  tlic  a^fc  in 
which  ho  lived.  'I'heic  is  jjreserved  in  Hukhiyt 
n  comjilete  set  of  instructions,  drawn  and  siffned 
hy  Cabot,  for  tlie  direction  of  the  voyii{?e  to 
Cathay  in  China,  which  affords  the  clearest  ])roof 
of  his  sn-^ncity.  It  is  NU])))OMed  that  he  was  the 
first  who  noticed  the  variation  of  the  majjnetic 
needle,  and  he  puhlished  "  Xavigatione  nelle  parte 
scttentrionale,"  Venice,  \6H',i,  folio.  lie  jjuhlished 
qIno  a  liirj;e  map,  which  was  enffraved  l)y  Clement 
Adams,  and  luiiif,'  uj)  in  the  fi;allery  at  Whitehall ; 
and  on  this  map  was  inscribed  a  Latin  account  of 
the  discovery  of  Newfoundland. — Dclknnp'.i  Amer, 
liiofj.  1. 1 10-158 ;  Mass.  May.  ii.  4G7-471 ;  llak- 
liiijt,  1.  Tin,  208,  274;  Campbell's  Admirals,  I. 
419;   liees'  Ci/rlojicdia. 

CABOT,  GicoUGK,  nRcnator,  was  bom  in  Salem, 
Mass.,  in  1702;  the  nr.mc  was  ])erhap8  originally 
Cobbctt.    His  early  cm])loyment  was  that  of  a 
shipmaster;  but  his  visits  to  foreign   countries 
were  made  subservient  to  the  enlargement  of  his 
knowledge.    At  the  age  of  twenty-five  he  was  a 
member  of  the  jjrovincial  congress  at  Concord,  in 
which  body  he  oj)j)osedthe  project  of  establishing 
by  law  a  ma.ximum  of  prices,  and  contended  for 
entire  freedom  of  commerce.     lie  was   also  a 
member  of  the  State  convention  for  considering 
the  constitution  of  the  United  States.    Being  ap- 
pointed, a  few  years  afterwards,  a  senator  of  the 
United   States,  he  co-operated  in  the  financial 
views  of  Hamilton  and  assisted  him  by  his  ex- 
tensive commercial  knowledge.     May  3,  1798,  he 
was  appointed  the  first  secretary  of  the  navy,  but 
declining  it,  B.  Stoddart  received  the  n])i)oint- 
ment.    Of  the  eastern  convention,  assembled  at 
Hartford  in  1814,  during  the  war,  Mr.  Cabot  was 
the  president.    He  died  at  Boston  April  18, 1823, 
aged  71.    Destitute  of  the  odvantages  of  a  pub- 
lic education,  Mr.  Cabot  was  yet  distinguished 
for  his  intelligence  and  almost  unequalled  for  the 
eloquence  of  his  conversation,  especially  on  the 
topic  of  the  French  devolution.    He  was  master 
of  the  science  of  political  economy.    In  the  party 
divisions  of  his  day  he  was  a  decided  federalist, 
the  friend  of  Ames  and  Hamilton.    He  had  en- 
joyed also  the  confidence  of  Washington.    His 
fellow  citizens  entrusted  him  with  various  offices, 
evincing  their  rehance  on  liis  wisdom  and  integ- 
rity.   Li  private  life  he  was  most  amiable,  cour- 
teous, and  benevolent.    He  was  a  professor  of 
religion  in  the  church,  of  which  the  minister  was 
Dr.  Kirkland,  who,  after  his  death,  married  his 
daughter. — Lord's  Lempr. ;  Encycl.  Americana. 
CADWALLADER,  Tuomas,  U.  D.,  a  physician 
of  Philadelphia,  died  Nov.  14,  1779,  aged  72.    He 
was  the  son  of  John  C,  and  completed  his  medi- 
cal education  in  Europe.     From   17t}2  till  his 


deatli  lie  was  one  of  the  jdiysicians  of  the  renn- 
sylvania  Hospital.  His  dissections  for  l)r.  Ship- 
'  pen  were  among  the  earliest  made  in  this  country. 
])r.  John  Jones  was  his  pu])il.  In  his  disposition 
he  was  equable  and  benevolent ;  in  his  manners 
courteous.  His  life  wos  once  saved  by  his  cour- 
.  teousness.  A  provincial  officer,  weary  of  his  life, 
had  determined  to  shoot  the  first  person,  whom 
he  should  meet,  in  order  that  justice  might  bring 
j  him  to  the  gallows.  An  easier  method  of  reach- 
I  ing  his  end  would  have  been  to  shoot  himself. 
However,  with  his  resolution  and  his  gun  he 
sallied  forth.  He  met  first  a  pretty  girl;  but 
her  beauty  vanquished  his  intent.  He  next  met 
Dr.  C,  wliose  courteous  "  Good  morning,  sir  t 
what  sport  ? "  also  conquered  him.  He  then 
went  to  a  tavern,  and  shot  a  Mr.  Scull,  for  which 
he  was  hung.  He  published  an  essay  on  the 
Iliac  passion,  entitled,  an  Essay  on  the  West 
India  Dry  Gripes,  1745,  in  which  he  recom- 
mended the  use  of  opiates  and  mild  cathartics,  in- 
stead of  quicksilver,  then  employed.  This  was 
one  of  the  earliest  American  medical  treatises. 
Boylston  had  written  before  on  the  small  pox, 
and  Harwood  a  treatise  on  pharmacy,  and,  at  a 
far  earlier  jieriod,  Thacher  on  the  smoll  jjox  and 
measles.  —  Itamsay's  llev.  30;  Thacher's  Med, 
Uiog. 

CADWALLADER,  John,  general,  a  soldier 
of  the  Revolution,  died  Feb.  10,  1786,  aged  43. 
He  was  bom  in  Philadelphia,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  Pennsylvania  convention  in  1776.  He  was 
appointed  by  congress  a  brigadier-general,  Feb. 
1777.  In  the  battles  of  Princeton,  Brandywine, 
Germantown,  and  Monmouth  he  participated; 
and  in  the  attack  on  the  enemy  at  Trenton 
Washington  intrusted  him  with  one  of  the  divis- 
ions of  the  army;  but  he  could  not  cross  the 
river,  on  account  of  the  ice,  until  the  day  after  the 
battle.  He  fought  a  duel  with  Gen.  Conway,  in 
consequence  of  the  intrigue  of  the  latter  against 
Washington.  After  the  war  he  was  a  member 
of  the  assembly  of  Maryland.  He  was  a  relative 
of  John  Dickenson,  and  a  gentleman  of  great  for- 
tune. He  published  a  reply  to  Gen.  J.  Reed's 
remarks,  etc.,  1783.  — Marshall,  iii.  139. 

CADAVALLADER,  Tiiomas,  mnjor-general, 
died  in  Philadelphia  Oct.  26,  1841,  aged  61 ;  a 
lawyer,  and  an  officer  in  the  war  of  1812. 

CAINES,  George,  reporter  of  the  supreme 
court  of  New  York,  died  at  Catskill  July  10, 1825, 
aged  54.  He  published  Lex  mercatoria,  Ameri- 
cana, 1802 ;  eases  in  the  court  for  trial  of  impeach- 
ment and  correction  of  errors,  2  vols.  1805-7 ; 
forms  of  the  supreme  court  of  New  York,  1808. 

CALDWELL,  James,  minister  in  Elizabeth- 
town,  N.  J.,  descended  of  a  Huguenot  family, 
and  born  in  Virginia,  was  graduated  at  Prince- 
ton in  1759.  He  was  killed  at  Elizabethtown 
Point  by  an  American  soldier,  named  Morgan, 


CALDWELL. 


CiVLEF. 


183 


Nov.  24,  1781,  n«c(l  obout  40.  The  mnn  wan 
tried  luid  cxpciUimI  for  murder.  It  wits  thouftht, 
he  was  l)ril)e(l  to  the  dcfd  by  Hritish  Rold.  Mr. 
C.  liad  nonu  to  the  Point  to  conduct  to  his  bouse 
n  Mi>s  Murray,  wlio  cnmc  from  New  York  under 
a  lla},'-of-trucL'.  I  ler  bundlu  of  clotbinn  the  Amcri- 
ciui  NeiitincI  cballenKcd  m  "  contral)Uud  ;  "  and  at 
tbe  same  moment  Morgan,  who  was  not  then  act- 
in);  as  sentinel,  siiot  him.  It  is  u  memora))le  event, 
tba'  Mrs.  Caldwell,  daughter  of  John  Ogden  of 
New  York,  married  to  Mr.  C,  in  1"()3,  had  been 
j)reviously  deliberately  shot,  June  7,  1780,  by  a 
renegade  Dritish  soldier.  The  ])arsonagc  and 
church  had  been  burnt  Jan.  20,  1780;  for  Mr.  C. 
van  an  earnest  and  zealous  |)atriot  of  the  day. 
lie  acted  as  chaplain  in  New  Jersey  ;  his  power- 
ful eloquence  was  emjiloyed  in  the  cause  of  free- 
dom. He  was  ])opular,  and  high  in  the  confi- 
dence of  Washington.  A  ])rice  being  set  on  his 
head,  he  sometimes  preached  with  his  ])istols  by 
his  side.  A  monument  was  raised  to  the  mem- 
ory of  Mr.  ond  Mrs.  C,  in  1840,  with  addresses 
by  Dr.  Miller  and  W^m.  L.  Dayton. 

God  raised  up  friends  to  the  nine  bereaved 
children,  the  principal  of  whom  was  Mrs.  Noel 
of  Elizabethtown.  Lafayette  took  the  son,  John 
E.  C,  with  him  to  France,  where  he  was  educated, 
and  who  edited  in  New  York  one  of  the  first  re- 
ligious ])enodicals  of  our  country.  Elias  lioudi- 
not  C,  was  another  son.  A  daughter,  Esther,  a 
most  jiious  woman,  married  llev.  Itobert  Finlcy, 
and  died  at  Lebanon,  III.,  in  1844,  aged  71. 

CALDWELL,  ILvciiel,  wife  of  llev.  I).  C, 
died  in  1825,  was  the  daughter  of  llev.  Alexander 
Craighead,  of  the  Sugar  Creek  congregation  in 
North  Carolina.  She  married  Dr.  C.  in  17CG. 
In  the  war  the  British  offered  200  jJbunds  for  the 
apprehension  of  her  husband.  Once  the  enemy 
turned  her  out  of  her  house,  and  burnt  her  hus- 
band's books  and  valuable  manuscripts.  When 
her  husband  was  taken  prisoner,  and  the  enemy 
were  about  to  lead  him  away  with  a  pile  of  i)lun- 
der,  a  woman's  wit  saved  him:  Mrs.  Dunlap 
8tepi)ed  behind  him,  and  whispered  in  his  ear  — 
just  loud  enough  for  a  soldier  to  hear  her  —  "Is 
it  not  time  for  Gillespie  and  his  men  to  be  here  ?  " 
As  the  name  of  Gillespie  was  the  terror  of  the 
loyalists,  this  caused  the  tories  to  flee  in  confu- 
sion, leaving  their  prisoner  behind  them.  Once, 
OS  the  enemy  was  plundering  her  house,  she 
wished  to  save  a  valuable  article,  and  made  the 
eloquent  appeal :  "  Have  none  of  you  a  wife  or 
daughter,  for  whose  sake  you  will  do  me  this 
favor  ?  "  A  small  man  imme«iiately  stepped  up  and 
said,  "  he  had  a  wife,  and  a  fine  little  wife  she  was 
too !  and  for  her  sake  he  would  protect  her.  — 
Canither's  Life  of  Dr.  0. 

CALDWEL,  David,  D.  D.,  a  minister,  died  at 
Guilford  court-house,  North  Carolina,  Aug.  19, 
1824,  aged  99  years  and  5  months.    He  was  bom 


in  March  1725,  in  Lancoster  county,  Penn.  He 
wos  a  patriot  of  the  Uevolution  ;  also  an  eminent 
teacher.  His  widow,  an  admirable  woman,  Hachel, 
daughter  of  llev.  A.  Craighead,  died  in  1825) 
aged  H«. 

C.\LI)WELL,  Elias  Houdinot,  clerk  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  United  States,  sop  of  llev. 
James  C,  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1790,  and 
died  at  Washington,  in  May  1825,  gladdened  by 
the  promises  of  the  religion  which  he  professed. 
He  zealously  assisted  in  forming  and  conducting 
the  American  colonization  society,  of  which  ho 
was  the  corresponding  secretary.  In  honor  of 
him  the  managers  of  the  society  gave  the  namo 
of  Caldwell  to  a  town  in  their  African  colony. 
Mr.  C,  in  order  to  bring  religious  instruction  to 
the  untaught  in  the  country  near  Wasliington,  ob- 
tained a  license  to  preach  from  the  presbytery, 
and  was  accustomed  to  preach  on  the  Sabbath.  — 
African  Jlepos.  I.  120;  j»/i*.  Her.  22  :  81. 

CALDWELL,  Joseph,  I).  1).,  president  of  the 
university  of  North  Carolina,  died  at  Chapel 
Hill  Jan.  27,  1835. 

CALDWELL,  Charles,  M.  D.,  died  in  Louis- 
ville, Ky.,  July  (),  1853,  aged  90,  celebrated  as  a 
medical  teacher  and  writer.  In  1818  he  was  in- 
vited to  the  Transylvania  school  of  medicine,  and 
more  recently  was  a  professor  at  Louisville,  He 
was  very  temperate.  He  wrote  on  physical  edu- 
cation, phrenology,  the  unity  of  the  human  race, 
and  on  the  theory  of  animal  heat ;  also  on  ma- 
laria, quarantines,  the  yellow  fever,  and  cholera ; 
and  the  life  of  Ames,  in  llees'  Encycloj)edia. 

CALDWELL,  MERUirr,  professor  of  meta- 
physics and  political  economy  in  Dickinson  col- 
lege, Carlisle,  died  at  Portland  June  0,  1848,  aged 
41  ;  he  was  a  graduate  of  Uowdoin  in  1828. 

C.VLEF,  lloiiEUT,  a  merchant  of  Boston,  died 
at  lloxbury,  April  13,  1719.  He  was  distin- 
guished about  the  time  o'  the  witchcraft  delusion 
by  his  resistance  to  '  r.  i'lfatuation.  Alter  Cot- 
ton Mather  had  publisi.ni  vVonders  of  the  Invisi- 
ble AVorld,  from  which  it  aj  pears  that  he  was  by  no 
means  incredulous  with  regard  to  the  stories  then 
in  circulation,  Mr.  Calef  published  a  book  on  the 
opposite  side,  entitled,  More  wonders  of  the  In- 
visible World,  London,  1700.  Tliis  was  reprinted 
at  Salem  in  1796,  Dr.  Increase  Mather,  presi- 
dent of  Ilai'vard  college,  in  1700,  ordered  the 
book  to  be  burned  in  the  college  yard.  The 
members  of  the  old  north  church  published  a  de- 
fence of  their  jiastors,  the  Mathers,  in  a  pamphlet 
entitled,  "  llemarks  upon  a  scandalous  book,  etc.," 
with  the  motto,  "  Truth  will  come  off  conqueror." 
And  so  it  was,  for  the  witchcraft  sorcery  was  soon 
vanquished.  The  judges  and  jury  confessed  their 
error,  and  the  deluded  peojilc  opened  their  eyes. 
As  he  censured  the  proceedings  of  the  courts 
respecting  the  witches  at  a  time,  when  the  peo- 
ple of  tl  1  country  in  general  did  not  see  their 


184 


CALEF. 


CALHOUN. 


error,  he  jjavo  Rrcnt  oflcnco.  Ilut  lie  in  thnuj^lit 
to  be  faithful  in  \m  imrration  of  fact™. —  lliitrh- 
in»nn,  II.  51;  Man.  Ifi.it.  Coll.;  Itl.  .'100 ;  I'Jliot. 

CALHF,  JoNAniAN,  miniHtor  of  l.ynian,  Me., 
died  April  'J»,  IHI.j,  uKod  Ki. 

CALHOUN,  I'ATIIICK,  a  patriot  of  the  Kcvo- 
lution,  died  in  17!M1.  lie  woh  bom  in  Ireland  in 
the  year  1727.  His  father  rmiKrated  in  17;J3  to 
I'ennftylvania,  where  hfr  resided  ninny  years,  and 
afterwardH  to  the  weNtern  part  of  Virjfinia.  Tin- 
BCttlement,  after  the  defeat  of  Braddoek,  was  liro- 
ken  up  by  the  Indians,  and  Mr.  C,  with  his  three 
older  brothers  and  a  sister,  emiffratcd  in  MM  to 
Lon(?  Cane,  Ai)l)eville,  in  the  interior  of  South 
Carolina,  then  an  uninhabited  wilderness,  and 
settled  on  the  immediate  confines  of  the  Chero- 
kee Indians,  i'hc  settlement  was  shortly  after, 
in  the  war,  which  commenced  in  1750,  attacked 
and  destroyed  by  the  Chcrokees,  and  half  of  the 
males  were  killed  in  the  desjieratc  engagement. 
The  remnant  retired  to  the  older  settlements  lie- 
low,  where  they  remained  till  the  jicace  of  1703, 
when  they  returned  and  re-occujiied  their  former 
settlement.  After  the  destruction  of  the  settle- 
ment, Mr.  Calhoun  was  appointed  by  the  jirovin- 
cial  government  to  take  command  of  a  body  of 
rangers,  raised  for  the  defence  of  the  frontiers,  ui 
which  service  he  encountered  great  danger,  and 
displayed  much  enterprise  and  intrepidity.  Short- 
ly after  the  peace,  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  provincial  legislaturo,  being  the  first  indi>'idual 
ever  elected  from  the  upper  county  of  the  State. 
He  continued  a  member  of  that,  and  afterwards  of 
the  State  legislature,  till  his  death,  with  the  inter- 
mission of  a  single  term.  In  the  war  of  the  Itev- 
olutioii  he  took  an  early,  decided,  and  active  part 
in  favor  of  his  country.  He  was  self-taught,  hav- 
ing never  been  at  school  more  than  six  months ; 
yet,  though  being  continually  on  the  frontiers  he 
was  without  opjiortunity  to  acquire  knowledge, 
such  was  his  thirst  for  information,  that  he  made 
himself  a  good  English  scholar,  and  an  accurate 
land-surveyor.  He  acquired  also  a  competent 
knowledge  of  the  lower  branches  of  mathematics, 
and  an  extensive  knowledge  of  history.  His 
moral  character  well  harmonized  with  his  love  of 
knowledge  and  strength  of  intellect.  He  passed 
a  long  and  active  life  without  a  blemish ;  a  sin- 
cere Christian,  a  good  citizen,  an  upright  magis- 
trate, a  kind  neighbor,  and  an  aficctionate  hus- 
band and  i'uthci'.  His  son  was  vice  president,  J. 
C.  Calhoun. 

CALHOUX,    John    E'    vg,    a    senator,  the 


nephew   of   Patrick,  died 

62.      He  was  born  in  17-4 

while  he   was  young;    and 

ing  again  shortly  afler,  his 

ower,  took  John  under  liis  care.     Such  was  the 

anxiety  of  his  uncle  to  give  liim  every  advantage 

to    accjuire    an   education,   which    the    country 


IV.  26,    1802,  aged 

His  father  died 

his  mother  marry- 

uncle,  then  a  wid- 


afforded,  that,  shortly  after  the  restoration  of 
the  settlement  in  the  year  17(l.'l,  he  sent  him  to  a 
griimninr  school  in  North  Carolina,  more  than 
one  hundred  miles  fVom  home,  and  afterwards  to 
I'linceton  college,  where  he  graduated  in  1774. 
lie  afterwards  studied  law,  in  which  profession  he 
became  distinguished.  After  being  for  many 
years  in  the  State  legisloture  of  South  Carolina,  he 
was  elected  in  18()1  as  successor  of  Mr.  Head, 
a  senator  in  congress,  in  which  body  he  took  his 
seat  the  year,  which  brought  Mr.  Jefferson  into 
jmwcr.  Though  a  decided  rcjiublican  and  sup- 
porter of  Mr.  Jeflerson,  he  proved  his  indcjiend- 
ence  in  resisting  strenuously  the  passage  of  the 
bill,  introduced  by  Mr.  Breckenridge,  to  abolish  the 
office  of  the  judges  who  had  been  apjiointed,  when 
Mr.  Adams  went  out  of  power.  He  stood  alone 
among  the  rc])ublicans  on  the  occasion,  delivering 
a  sjieech,  wliich  did  credit  not  only  to  his  talents, 
but  more  esjiecially  to  his  indejiendence  of 
thought  and  resolution.  In  the  ])olitical  divisions 
of  our  country,  when  many  seem  willingly  to 
surrender  their  own  intclligciice  and  conscience 
to  the  leaders  of  their  party,  or  to  bo  merely  tho 
dupes  and  slaves  of  those,  who  reap  the  profit 
of  the  delusion  and  the  conflict,  it  is  reft'eshing 
to  fix  tho  eye  upon  a  man  of  clear  views,  and 
strong  powers  of  elocution,  and  great  firmness 
and  integrity  of  character,  who  dared  to  secede 
alone  from  his  party,  and  to  oppose  singly  a  pop 
ular  measure,  because  it  appeared  to  him  to  be 
unconstitutional  and  perilous  in  its  consequences. 
He  was  on  the  select  committee,  to  whom  the 
bill  was  referred,  with  instructions  to  report  a 
modification  of  tho  judiciary  system  of  the  United 
States.  But  tho  committee  were,  on  motion  of 
Mr.  BrcckenHdge,  Feb.  3,  1802,  discharged  from 
that  service.  On  the  same  day  the  final  question 
was  token,  sixteen  to  fifteen.  Mr.  Calhoun  voted 
with  Hillhouse,  Morris,  Tracy,  and  other  ])olitical 
opponents.  Before  tho  next  session  of  congress, 
he  died  in  Pendleton  district. 

CALHOUN,  John  Caldwell,  LL.  D.,  died  in 
Washington  March,  31,  1850,  aged  68.  His 
father,  Patrick,  came  from  Ireland :  his  mother 
was  a  Miss  Caldwell  of  Charlotte  county,  Va. 
Bom  in  Abbeville  district,  S.  C,  March  18, 
1782,  at  the  age  of  13  he  was  put  under  the 
cai  ;  of  Ills  brother-in-law,  Dr.  WaddoU  in  Co- 
lumbia county,  Geo.  He  entered  Yale  college  in 
1802,  and  graduated  in  1804;  thou  prosecuted 
his  law  studies  at  Litchfield  law  school.  He  was 
in  congress  from  1811  to  1817,  when  he  became 
Secretary  of  war  and  continued  in  office  seven 
years.  In  1825  and  1829  he  was  chosen  vice- 
president,  while  Jackson  was  president ;  and  then 
a  senator.  In  1843  he  was  secretary  of  State. 
From  1845  ho  was  a  senator  until  his  death. 
His  eloquence,  as  described  by  Webster,  "  was 
plain,  strong,  torso,  condensed,  concise;    some- 


CALHOUN. 


CALLENDER. 


185 


seven 
vice- 
d  then 
State, 
death. 
'  was 
some- 


time* linpiwdioncd,  still  nlwayii  iCTrrc."  Tliii 
power  conniHtod  "in  the  cIoki'iu'm  of  lii*  lo(fic 
aiul  in  the  camcstneiiK  and  energy  of  liia  man- 
ner." "Hi*  colloquial  talent*  were  singular  and 
eminent."  Although  educated  at  the  North,  he 
BcemM  never  to  have  breathed  the  air  of  freedom, 
and  not  to  have  caught  a  particle  of  the  olihor- 
renco  of  ulavery,  which  was  felt  and  cxprnnscd  hy 
■uch  illuRtrious  southern  men  as  Wanhington, 
Jefferson,  Henry,  and  Kandolph.  I'crhaps  no 
man  ever  did  more  to  extend  and  strengthen  the 
inhuman  slavery  of  his  fellow  men.  His  politi- 
cal doctrines  he  unfolds  in  his  book,  publitihcd 
since  his  death,  called  a  discourse  on  the  consti- 
tution and  government  of  the  United  States,  as 
he  had  previously  briefly  stated  them  in  his 
speeches.  His  teaching  is  briefly  this.  Our  gen- 
oral  government  is  not  National  hut  Federal ;  fed- 
eral because  constituted  by  a  league  or  compact 
between  sovereign  States,  written  out  in  the  con- 
stitution of  the  United  States.  Each  State  is  the 
judge  whether  the  compact  is  at  any  time  broken 
by  any  act  of  the  general  government,  and  may  nul- 
lify such  act  The  same  general  doctrines  were  set 
forth  by  him  in  his  Itesolutions  in  the  Senate  Jon. 
22, 1833,  and  in  his  speech  Feb.  IGth.  His  theory 
and  scheme  were  opposed  by  Mr.Webster  Feb.  10th 
in  a  speech  of  unanswerable  argument  and  inmciblc 
power,  dcnj-ing  that  our  political  system  is  a  com- 
pact, of  wliich  the  States  as  sovereign  communi- 
ties are  parties,  and  that  they  have  any  right  to 
judge  of  the  violation  of  the  constitution  and 
to  change  the  mode  and  measure  of  redress;  he 
set  himself  with  all  the  energies  of  his  mighty 
mind  against  the  doctrines  of  Nullification  and 
Secession.  "What  is  a  constitution?"  asked  he. 
"  Certoinly  not  a  league,  compact,  or  confederacy, 
but  a  fundamental  iaw,"  ordained  and  established 
by  the  i)eople,  —  "  the  Oovernment  of  the  United 
States."  In  his  discussion  no  thought  seems  to 
have  entered  the  mind  of  Mr.  Calhoun  that 
slavery  is  an  evil,  much  less  an  immorality  and 
sin.  He  complains  of  the  ordinance  of  1787,  by 
which  the  Northwestern  Territory,  /!ow  consti- 
tuting the  States  of  Ohio  &c.,  ivas  devoted  to 
freedom,  as  on  encroachment  on  the  rights  of 
southern  slaveholders.  He  speaks  of  the  diffi- 
culties and  dangers  which  have  sprung  up  from 
the  Missouri  compromise,  excluding  slavery  from 
north  of  thirty-six  degrees  and  thirty  minutes  of 
north  latitude;  and  doubtless  it  has  been  through 
the  influence  of  his  teaching,  that  the  slaveholders 
have  repealed  that  compromise,  and  that  the 
border  ruiHans  of  Missouri  have  attempted  to 
drive  off  by  fire  and  sword  the  free  settlers  from 
New  England,  who  had  planted  themselves  in  the 
territory  of  Kansas.  Mr.  C.  represents  the 
South  as  the  weaker  section  of  the  country; 
whereas  in  fact  it  has  had  almost  the  entire  con- 
trol of  the  government  by  union  among  them- 
24 


selves  and  by  the  aid  of  office  seekers  and  parti- 
«ans  of  the  North:  as  in  the  cose  of  the  MiMouri 
com]iromise  itself,  allowing  MiHsouri  to  bo  a  slave 
State,  and  granting  all  the  territories  south  of 
thiity-six  degrei's  and  thirty  minutes  to  slavcrj-, 
by  the  votes  of  three  Eastern  members  of  ron- 
gress.    Mr.  C.  proposes  as  a  remedy  for  the  c^■ils 
the  grant  of  a  negative  to  the  weaker  section,  the 
south,  and  the  abolition  of  a  single  presidency, 
and  the  creation  of  two  presidents,  one  for  the 
North,  and  one  for  the  South,  in  office  at  the 
some  time.     His  disciples  in  this  year,  1800,  arc 
proceeding  a  little  lurther.and  jiroposeor  threaten 
a  division  of  the   Union,  taking  for  the  South  all 
the  tiers  of  new  States  west  of  Missouri  to  the 
Pacific,  and  in  good  time  including  Mexico  and 
Cuba,  in  which  case  the  slave  property  of  the 
South  will  be  doubled   in  value.     This   ])lan  is 
indignantly  exposed  by  Francis  P.  lUair,  himself 
a  slaveholder,  in  his  ample  and  patriotic  letter  of 
Sept.  17,  18i)0.    A  new  claim  is  now  set  up  by 
the  South,  that  every  slaveholder  may  carry  his 
slove  with  him  into  any  territory,  the  slave  lieing 
a  part  of  "  the  institutions  "  of  the  South.    In 
the  present  state  of  things,  the   great  question 
comes  to   the  intellect  and  conscience  of  every 
Northern  freeman,  whether  as  all  compromises 
are  now  broken  up — compromises  which  ought 
never  to  have  been  made — he  is  not  bound  to 
adopt  the  fixed  and  right  principle,  that  there 
shall  never  be  another  Slave  State  in  the  American 
Union  P    As  to  existing  slavery,  its  removal  must 
be  by  the  respective  States,  in  which  it  exists.   As 
Mr.  Blair  says,  "Nature's  code,  written  in  the 
heart,  will,  with  the  progress  of  Christianity  and 
civilization,    work    out    a    happy  result."     His 
speeches,  including  his  discourse  already  referred 
to,  were  published  in  four  vols,  in  1853  and  1854. 

CALL,  DiVNiEL  D.,  died  at  Kichmond  May  20, 
1840,  aged  about  76,  a  brother-in-law  of  judge 
Marshall.    He  published  six  vols,  of  law  reports. 

CALLENDER,  Elisiia,  minister  of  the  first 
Baptist  church  in  Boston,  died  March  31, 1738. 
He  was  the  son  of  Ellis  Callendcr,  who  was  a 
member  as  early  as  1669,  and  minister  of  the 
same  church  from  1708  till  1726.  In  early  life 
the  blessings  of  Dime  grace  were  imparted  to 
liim.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
the  year  1710.  At  his  ordination.  May  21, 1718, 
Increase  and  Cotton  Mather  and  Mr.  Webb, 
though  of  a  different  denomination,  gave  their 
assistance.  He  was  very  foitliful  and  successful  in 
the  pastoral  office.  He  was  succeeded  by  Mr. 
Condy.  A  few  days  before  his  death  he  said; 
"  When  I  look  on  one  hand,  I  see  nothing  but  sin, 
guilt,  and  discouragement ;  but  when  I  look  on 
the  other,  I  see  my  glorious  Saviour,  and  the  mer- 
its of  his  precious  blood,  which  cleanseth  from  all 
sin.  I  cannot  say,  that  I  have  such  transports  of 
joy  as  some  have  had;  but  through  grace  I  can 


■'SIfffi.Wftst  «L  '*a"  A 


180 


CAI,l,KNl)i:il. 


finy,  I  hnvo  fjottrn  the  virtory  over  dpnth  nnd  flu- 
Urnvt'."  'I'ht'  liwt  wcirdn,  which  fell  from  hin  lipn, 
wiTP,  "  I  nhall  itU'('|i  ill  Ji'him,"  ]liii  lifu  wnit  un- 
■pnttpd)  hilt  coiivcrNntion  wnn  idwnyit  oli'uhloi 
rch'f^ioiiH,  niid  dixnithd)  nnd  hin  end  wn»  pcact- 
ftil  nnd  Rcrino.  —  llnrLu.i'  Hint,  of  N.  E.  III. 
124)  Itonliin  h'veniiu;  I'lmt  April  li,  17il8. 

CALLKNDKH,  joii.v,  nn  eminent  nnpfUt 
ininiHter  nnd  writer  in  Uhndu  Island,  died  Jnn. 
20,  17  IN,  nped  41.  He  whh  n  nejihew  of  Klinhn 
Cnllender,  nnd  wni^rndualed  at  llnrvnrd  colleRO 
in  172.'1.  Ho  WON  ordained  colienKiio  with  elder 
Petkum  as  jmNtor  of  the  church  at  Newport  Oct. 
13,  1731.  TliiH  waN  tho  Neeond  llaptiNt  ehurcli  in 
America.  It  won  founded  in  I  ho  year  UMl.  He 
wan  a  man  of  very  considerahlo  powers  of  mind, 
and  was  diHtin^uished  for  iiis  candor  nnd  piety. 
Ho  collected  many  papers  relating  to  the  liintory 
of  tho  Daptistti  in  tluH  comitry,  which  were  used 
by  Mr.  llnckus.  A  century  after  tho  deed  of 
Ithodo  Island  wos  obtained  of  tho  Narraj^anselt 
Indians,  ho  delivered  at  Newport,  March  li  1, 173S, 
a  sermon  on  tho  history  of  tho  colony,  which  woh 
published  in  1731),  with  additions.  Tliis  historical 
discourse  brings  down  the  history  of  llhodc 
Island  and  Vo™lonce  plantations  from  1037  to 
tho  end  of  th(  first  century.  This  is  but  a  small 
work  ;  yet  it  ib  tho  only  history  of  Khode  Island, 
which  has  been  written,  nnd  it  is  honorable  to  its 
author.  He  published  also  a  sermon  nt  the  ordi- 
nation of  Jeremiah  Condy,  1730,  nnd  a  sermon 
on  tho  death  of  Mr.  Clap  of  Newport,  17  1j.  — 
JJackus'  Hist,  of  N.  IJ.  in.  229. 

CALLENDER,  Jami:s  Thompson,  editor  of 
tho  Kecordcr,  died  at  lUchmoiid,  Vn.,  in  July 
1803,  being  drowned  in  Jumcs  Kiver,  in  which  lu; 
was  accustomed  to  bathe.  Ho  was  tho  author  of 
tho  I'rospcct  before  us,  and  of  other  assaults  on 
tho  administration  of  Washington  nnd  Adams. 
Mr.  Joflerson  paid  him  repeatedly  50  and  100 
dollars:  tho  circumstances  are  exi)laincd  in 
Jefferson's  letters.  Afterwards  Callender  pro- 
claimed to  tho  world,  in  hostility  to  Mr.  Jctfer- 
Bon,  the  patronage  or  charity,  which  ho  had 
enjoyed,  lie  was  a  man  of  talents,  with  nn 
energetic  style,  nnd  in  fcverity  of  invective  une- 
qualled. He  published  political  progress  of 
Britflin,  3d.  cd.  1795  j  political  register,  1795; 
sketchos  of  tho  history  of  America,  1798. —  Coll. 
Cent.  July  30,  1803. 

CALLIERES,  Cuevt^vlier  De,  governor  cf 
Canada,  died  May  26,  1703.  He  was  appointed 
governor  of  Montreal  in  IGS"!.  He  enclosed  the 
town  with  palisades.  In  1C89  he  went  to  France 
to  suggest  the  project  of  tho  conquest  of  New 
York.  In  the  enterprise  he  was  to  have  been 
commander  in  chief;  but  it  failed.  After  the 
death  of  count  de  Frontenac  in  1G98,  he  acted  as 
gnrcmor  till  his  appointment  in  1G99.  Without 
the  l>ir!li  nnd  nnk  of  his  ])rrdeccsi-or,  lie  was  free 


CALVERT. 

nl«)  from  his  hniightinrsN, prejudice,  nnd  violence. 
Hilt  kiiiiun  niiiliticM  and  \alor  made  him  nici  pta- 
blu  to  the  colony.  He  had  varioui  ncgoliationa 
with  the  In<linnN.  In  signing  n  treaty  Sept.  H, 
1700,  tho  OiinontngucNo  and  TMinnonthnunni 
delineated  a  spider;  tho  (ioyngoiiiiis  a  culuniet ; 
tho  Onneyouths  a  piece  of  detl  wood  with  n  stone 
in  it;  the  Agniers  n  benr;  the  llurons  n  beaver; 
tho  Abennqiiis  a  kid ;  nnd  tho  Outnoiinis  n  hare. 
In  endeavoring  to  unite  all  the  Indian  triiies  in  a 
pormuneiit  jieace,  nnd  to  nttach  them  to  tho 
French  interest,  he  had  cnlnrgcd  views  nnd 
adopted  wise  mensures;  but  in  tho  midst  of  hit 
toils  he  died,  nnd  wns  succeeded  by  Vuudreuil. — 
Charlevoix;  L'liiv.  Jlist.  XI..  127-144. 

CALVEUT,  GEouaE,  Unron  of  Haltimore, 
founder  of  tho  province  of  Maryland,  died  nt 
London  April  15,  1032,  aged  50.  He  wns  de- 
scended from  a  noble  family  in  Flanders,  nnd  wai 
iiorn  at  Kipling,  in  Yorkshire,  ICngland,  in  1582, 
After  tnking  his  bachelor's  degree  at  Trinity  col- 
lege, Oxford,  in  1597,  he  travelled  over  the  con- 
tinent of  Europe.  At  his  return  to  England  in 
tho  beginning  of  tho  reign  of  James  I.,  he  was 
taken  into  the  oflioo  of  Sir  Robert  Cecil,  secre- 
tary of  State,  by  whose  favor  he  was  mode  clerk 
of  the  privy  council,  and  received  the  honor  of 
knighthood.  In  1019  he  wns  nppointed  one  of 
the  ]irincipal  secretnries  of  State,  in  the  jdaco  of 
Sir  'i'homns  Lake.  His  great  knowledge  of  jmb- 
lic  business,  nnd  his  diligence  nnd  iidelity,  concili- 
nted  tho  regnrd  of  tho  king,  who  pave  liim  a 
pension  of  n  thousand  jiounds  out  of  the  customs. 
In  1024  he  became  a  Roman  Catholic,  nnd  hav- 
ing disclosed  his  now  principles  to  the  king,  re- 
signed his  office.  lie  was  continued,  however,  a 
member  of  tho  privy  council,  nnd  wns  created 
Unron  of  Bnltimore  in  tho  kingdom  of  Ireland,  in 
1025,  at  which  time  he  represented  the  university 
of  Oxford  in  I'arliament. 

While  he  was  secretary  of  the  State  he  wns 
constituted,  by  patent,  proprietor  of  the  southeast- 
ern peninsula  of  Newfoundland,  wliich  he  named 
the  j)rovinco  of  Avalon.  He  spent  25,000  pounds 
in  advancing  his  phmtation,  nnd  visited  it  twice 
in  person ;  but  it  was  so  nnnoyed  by  tho  French, 
thnt,  though  he  once  repulsed  and  pursued  their 
ships  nnd  took  sixty  prisoners,  he  was  obliged  to 
nbnndon  it.  Being  still  inclined  to  form  a  settle- 
ment in  America,  whither  he  might  retire  with 
liis  family  and  friends  of  the  same  religious  prin- 
ciples, he  made  a  visit  to  Virginia,  the  fertility  and 
advantages  of  which  province  had  boon  highly 
celebrated,  and  in  which  he  had  been  interested 
as  one  of  the  adventurers.  But  meeting  with  an 
imwelcome  reception  on  account  of  liis  religion, 
and  observing  that  tho  Virginians  had  not  ex- 
tended their  plantations  beyond  tho  Patowinnc, 
he  fixed  his  attention  upon  tho  territory  north- 
ward of  this  river,  nnd,  ns  soon  as  ho  returned  to 


CAIATIIT. 


rAiA'i'.iir 


1»7 


Mn((!nni1,  o')tnhicd  a  Rrniit  of  it,  from  C'lmrlci  I. 
Iliil  owiii;^  to  the  fcdliHiN  fiinim  of  piililic  lm^ilu  ss, 
Ih'I'di-c  ii  ])iitciit  was  c(im|ili'tt'(l  lit'  ilicil.  AlItT 
liii  ilnitli  llic  iiiitciit  wtiH  ni;M\  driiwii  in  tlu- 
lliimi' of  IiIh  I'liirst  Kon,  CitII,  wiio  »iicii nlcd  to 
liJH  lioiiors,  and  it  |)U!<'<rd  the  rn'aJH  June 'JO,  Ki.'l'J. 
'I'lu' roiintry  wn.s  callid  Maryland,  in  hoimrof 
Henrietta  Slaria,  tiic  <|iie<Mi  conxort  of  CliaricH  I, 
From  till'  prcat  |)r('ci>iun  of  tliin  charter,  the 
powers  whicli  it  confers  upon  tiie  proprietoi,  and 
llie  privilef^i's  and  exeniplioiiH  wiiiih  it  ^rrants  to 
the  peo|)ie,  it  in  evident  that  it  was  written  liy 
Sir  (ieor^'e  himneif.  Tiic  iiheral  ctAv  of  reli;<- 
ioux  toleration,  uiiieli  in  rstaliiiNJied,  iH  very  hon- 
ornliie  to  iiim,  and  WttH  reHp(>cted  l)y  his  son,  who 
carried  his  design  into  execution.  Sir  (ieorije 
Wiw  conspicuous  for  liis  good  nense  and  modera- 
tion. All  partii'H  wore  pleased  witii  him.  Not 
hein^  (ilistinate  in  his  o[iinionN,  he  took  n.s  much 
jileasnrein  hearing  the  Ncntinients  of  others,  as  in 
deliveiin;^  his  own.  In  IiIn  viewM  of  cstalilisliing 
foreign  |ilantalionfi,  hu  thought  that  the  original 
inluihitants,  instead  of  heing  exterminated,  nhould 
he  civilized  and  converted;  that  tiie  governorH 
Hhould  not  he  interested  merchants,  hut  gentle- 
men not  concerned  in  trade;  and  tliat  every  one 
nhould  lie  1<  It  to  ]irovi(le  for  himself  liy  his  own 
industry,  without  dependence  on  a  common  inter- 
est. He  i)ulplished  carmen  funehrc  in  1).  lien, 
l^ntonum,  liJOO ;  jiarliamcntary  Hpeechcs ;  va- 
rious letters  of  Htafe;  the  answer  of  Tom 'I'dl 
Troth,  the  practice  of  i)rinccs  and  the  lamentation 
of  the  kirk,  1(112. —  Ih'lkiiiip's  Amcr.  lliotj.  II. 
3(i;J-3(lS;  ino(j.  Dril.i  Jlecu;  Wood's  Alhciuc 
Ofou.  I.  ')()(! ;  Keith,  142. 

(".VLVl-llT,  I,i;()XAUi),  (IrRt  governor  of  Mary- 
land, died  in  l(i7(i.  lie  was  tlie  hrother  of  Ce- 
cilius  Calvert,  the  proprietor,  who  sent  him  to 
America  as  the  head  of  the  colony  in  KiJllJ.  After 
(I  circuitous  voyage  he  arrived,  accompanied  by 
his  hrother,  George  Calvert,  and  about  two  him- 
dred  persons  of  good  families  and  of  the  Koman 
Catholic  persuasion,  at  Point  Comfort,  in  Virginia, 
Tel).  '2 1,  1()31.  On  the  third  of  March  ho  pro- 
ceeded in  the  Imy  of  Chesapoak  to  the  northward, 
and  entered  the  Patowmac,  uj)  which  he  sailed 
twelve  leagues,  and  came  to  an  anchor  inidcr  an 
island,  which  he  named  St.  Clement's.  Hero  ho 
fired  his  cannon,  erected  a  cross,  and  took  pos- 
session "in  the  nomc  of  the  Saviour  of  the 
world  and  of  the  King  of  England."  Thence  he 
went  iifteen  leagues  higher  to  the  Indian  town  of 
Patowmac,  on  the  Virginia  side  of  the  river,  now 
called  New  Marlborough,  where  ho  was  received 
in  a  friendly  manner  by  the  guardian  regent,  the 
j)rinco  of  the  country  being  a  minor.  Thence  ho 
sailed  twelve  leagues  higher  to  the  town  of  Pis- 
cataway.  on  the  Maryland  side,  Avhero  ho  found 
Henry  Fleet,  an  Englishman,  who  had  resided 
several  years  among  the  natives,  and  was  held  by 


them  in  great  csfecm.     TIun  man   «i>  i  very  i>er- 
\icealile  as  an  interpreter.     An  inter\iew  linvinK 
been    procured  with   the  W'lrowance,  or  )  rincc, 
Calvert  asked  him  whetln  r  he  was  willing  thnt  a 
set.i lenient  shimld  be  niiid."  in  his  own  country. 
Ill-  replied  :  •'  I  will  not   bid  you  go.  neither  will 
I  bid  you  slay;  but  you   may  use  your  own  din- 
cretion."     HaNing  convinced  llie  natives  that  hii» 
dcsi;,'iiH  were  honorable  anil  pacillc,  the  governor 
now   sought  o  more   Buit^ble  Mtaiion   lor  com- 
ineiiciiig  his  colony.     He  visited  a  creek  on  Iho 
northern    side   of    the    Patowmac,   about    finir 
leagues  from  its  month,  where  was  an  Indian  vil- 
lage.    Here   he   accpiaintcd   the    prince   of   the 
place,  with  his  intentions,  and  by  presents  to  him 
and  his  principal  men,  conciliated  his  friendship 
so  much,  as  to  obtain  permission  to  reside  in  ono 
part  of  the  town  until  the  next   harvest,  when,  it 
was  stipulated,  the   natives  should  entirely  quit 
the  place.     Uoth  [.artieH  entered  into  a  contract 
to  live  in  a  friendly  manner.     After  Calvert  had 
given   n  satisfactory  ronsideration,  the   Indians 
readily  yielded  a  number  of  their  houses,  and  re- 
tired to  the  others.     As  the  season  for  planting 
corn  had  now  arrived,  both  parties  went  to  work. 
Thus,  March  27,  1()U4,  the  governor  .ok  peace- 
able iiossesKion  of  the  country  of  Maryland,  and 
gave  to  the  town  the  name  of  St.  Mary's,  and  to 
the  creek  on  which  it  was  situated  the  name  of 
St.  George's.    The  desire  of  rendering  justice  to 
the  natives  by  giving  them  a  rcasoiiiible  compen- 
sation for  their  lands,  is  n  trait  in  the  character 
of  the  lirst  planters,  which  will  always  do  honor 
to  their  memory.    The  colony  had  brought  with 
them  meal  from  England  ;  but  they  found  Indian 
c<irn  in  great  plenty,  both  at  Ilarbadoes  and  Vir- 
ginia, iiul  by  the  nest  spring  they  were  able  to 
ex]iort   one  thousand   liushels  to   New  England 
and  Newfound lind,  for  which  they  received  in  re- 
turn dried  fish  and  other  ]irovisions.     The  Indians 
also  killed   many  deer  aiiil  turkies,  which  they 
sold  to  the  English  for  knives,  beads,  and  other 
small  articles  of  traffic.     Cattle,  swine,  and  poul- 
try were  jirocurcd  from  Virginia.     The  province 
was  established  on  the  broad  foundation  of  secur- 
ity to  property,  and  of  freedom  in  religion.    Fifty 
acres  of  land  were  granted  in  absolute  fee  to 
every  emigrant,  and  Christianity  was  established 
without  allowing  pre-eminence  to  any  particular 
sect.    Tliis  liberal  policy  rendered  a  lloman  Cath- 
olic colony  an  asylum  for  those  who  were  driven 
from  New  England  by  the  persecutions  which 
were  there  experienced  from  Protestants.    The 
same  toleration,  or  rather  perfect  freedom,  was 
also  established  by  II.  Williams  in  Ilhode  Island. 
The  govenior  built  him  a  house  at  St.  Mary's,  for 
himself  and  his  successors,   and   superintended 
the  affairs  of  the  country  till  the  civil  war  in  Eng- 
land,  when  the  name    of    a  papist  became    so 
obnoxious,   that   the    parliament    assumed   the 


r 


■  ii 


188 


CALVERT. 


government  of  the  prowncc,  and  appointed  a 
new  governor.  Cccilius  Calvert,  the  proprietor, 
recovered  his  right  to  the  province  upon  the  res- 
toration of  King  Charles  n,  in  1660,  and  in  the 
Rnme  year  appointed  his  son,  Philip,  the  governor, 
and  his  son,  Charles,  in  1062.  lie  died  far  in 
years  and  high  in  reputation,  and  was  succeeded 
by  his  son,  Charles,  by  whom  an  assembly  was 
called,  whioh  passed  a  law  prohibiting  the  impor- 
tation of  convicts.  In  1670  there  were  in  the 
colony  only  three  clergj-men  of  the  church  of 
England. —  Belknap's  Amer.  Biog  li.  372-380; 
Holmes,  II.  386 ;  Univ.  Jlist.  XL.  468 ;  Lrit.  Emp. 
in  America,  i.  324-330. 

CALVEIIT,  Benedict,  governor  of  Maryland, 
died  June  1,  1732.  He  was  succredcd  in  1727 
by  Charles  C,  who  had  been  governor  from  1720. 
He  was  induced  to  resign  from  ill  health  in  1732, 
and  died  on  his  passage  to  England.  His  brother, 
Edward  Henry  Calvert,  president  of  the  council, 
died  at  Annapolis  April  24,  1730,  aged  28.  His 
wife  was  the  daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Litchfield, 
and  sister  of  the  wife  of  Edward  Yomig. — 
Lord's  Lempr. ;  Savage's  Winlh.  i.  139. 

CALVERT,  Fredekic,  Baron  of  Baltimore, 
and  proprietor  of  Maryland,  succeeded  Charles, 
Lord  Baltimore,  in  17dl,  and  died  at  Naples  Sept. 
30,  1771,  leaving  his  property  in  Maryland  to  his 
son,  Henry  Harford.  He  published  a  tour  in  the 
east,  1764 ;  and  Gaudia  Poetica,  Latina,  Anglica, 
et  Gallica,  &c. 

CAMERON,  James,  M.  D.,  died  at  New  York, 
Dec.  12,  1851,  aged  60,  a  physician  of  eminence, 
a  native  of  Scotland,  for  thirty  years  in  practice 
in  New  York.  He  was  a  worthy  member  of  a 
Presbyterian  church. 

CAMMERHOF,  Frederic,  a  Moravian  bishop, 
came  to  this  country  in  1746  to  assist  Bishop 
Spangenberg.  In  1748  he  visited  the  establish- 
ment at  Shomokin,  on  the  Susquehannah ;  in 
1750  he  repaired  to  Onondago  to  promote  the 
introduction  of  the  gospel  amongst  the  Iroquois. 
He  died  at  Bethlehem,  his  usual  place  of  resi- 
dence, April  28,  1751,  greatly  deplored.  During 
four  years  he  had  baptized  eighty-nine  Indians. 
There  was  so  much  sweetness  and  benevolence  m 
his  character,  as  to  impress  even  the  savages  with 
respect  for  him.  His  mild  and  friendly  beha- 
viour once  tiirned  the  heart  of  an  Indian,  enraged 
by  his  reproofs,  who  had  resolved  to  kill  him. — 
Loskiel. 

CAMMOCK,  Thomas,  proprietor  of  Black 
Point,  obtained  a  patent  Nov.  1,  1631,  from  the 
Plymouth  company  of  fifteen  thousand  acres  in 
Scarborough,  in  Maine,  extending  from  Black 
Point  river  to  the  Spurwink  and  back  one  mile 
from  the  sea.  He  was  a  nephew  of  the  earl  of 
Warwick,  and  as  early  as  1631  resided  atPiscata- 
qua.  In  1633  he  was  at  Black  Point.  March 
21,  1636,  he  was  one  of  Georges'  commissioners, 


CAMPBELL. 

or  a  member  of  the  court  of  New  Somersetshire, 
at  Saco,  with  Jocelyn  and  others  ;  but  not  being 
in  commission  Sept.  2,  1039,  he  may  have  died 
before  that  time.  He  died  in  the  West  Indies.  — 
Sullivan,  128  J  Maine  Jlist.  Coll.  I.  18,  41 ;  Sav- 
age, I.  90. 

CAMPBELL,  John,  first  minister  of  Oxford, 
Mass.,  was  bom  in  Scotland  and  educated  at 
Edinburgh.  He  came  to  this  country  in  1717. 
He  was  ordained  pastor  of  Oxford,  a  town  settled 
by  French  protestants,  March  11,  1721.  He 
faithfully  discharged  the  duties  of  his  office,  until 
liis  death,  March  25,  1701,  aged  70,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Joseph  Bowman,  who  had  been  a  mis- 
sionary among  the  Mohawk  Indians.  —  Whitney's 
Hist,  of  Worcester,  84. 

CAMPBELL,  lieutenant-colonel,  in  the  battle 
of  Eutaw,  Sept.  8,  1781,  was  ordered  to  charge 
the  enemy  at  the  head  of  the  Virginia  troops, 
with  Col.  Williams,  commanding  the  Maryland 
continentals.  In  this  successful  exploit,  which 
broke  the  British  line,  he  received  a  ball  in  his 
breast  and  dropped  speechless  on  the  pommel  of 
his  saddle.  Being  borne  in  the  rear,  he  expired 
the  moment  he  was  taken  from  his  horse.  Dr. 
Holmes  relates,  that  on  being  told,  that  the  Bri- 
tish were  flying,  he  said,  "  I  die  contented  j "  but 
Lee,  who  was  present,  says,  he  uttered  not  a 
word.— Zee,  il.  292;  Holmes,  ii.  327. 

CAMPBELL,  ALE.XANDEH,  attorney  of  the 
United  States  for  the  district  of  Virginia,  received 
his  appointment  from  Washington,  and  was  a 
man  of  eloquence.  He  died  in  July,  1796.  His 
father  resided  in  Virginia ;  and  his  uncle,  Archi- 
bald Campbell, —  a  Scotch  gentleman,  the  father 
of  Thomas  CampbeU,  the  poet,  —  also  resided 
there  in  his  youth. 

CAMPBELL,  John  P.,  a  minister  at  Chilli- 
cothe,  Ohio,  died  about  Dec,  1814,  aged  46.  He 
was  the  author  of  a  manuscript  history  of  the 
western  country.  He  published  the  doctrine  of 
justification  considered;  strictures  on  Stone's 
letters,  1805 ;  Vindex,  in  answer  to  Stone's  reply, 
1806. 

CAMPBELL,  Samuel,  colonel,  an  oflScer  of 
the  Revolution,  died  Sept.  12,  1824,  aged  86. 
He  was  bom  in  Londonderry,  N.  IL,  in  1738, 
and  in  1745  removed  with  his  father  to  Cherry 
Valley,  then  a  wilderness.  In  the  French  war  his 
services  were  useful ;  he  was  a  brave  ofiicer  of  the 
militia  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution,  and  fought  in 
most  of  the  actions  on  the  frontier.  He  was  par- 
ticularly distinguished  at  the  battle  of  Oriskany, 
under  Gen.  Herkimer.  He  was  engaged  also  in 
Nov.,  1778,  in  the  conflict  at  Cherry  Valley,  when 
the  village  was  destroyed  and  many  of  the  people 
massacred  by  the  enemy  under  Butler  and  Brant. 
At  this  time  his  buildings  were  burnt,  his  personal 
property  carried  off,  and  his  wife  and  all  his  chil- 
dren, but  his  eldest  son,  led  into  captivity.    The 


CAMPnELL. 


CANONICUS. 


189 


icer  of 

:ed  86. 

1738, 

Cherry 

war  his 

of  the 

ught  in 

as  par- 

iskany, 

also  in 

,  when 

people 

Brant. 

ersonal 

is  chil- 

The 


captives  wore  ninrclu-d  (luwn  tlio  Susqiichaiinnh 
river  to  its  junction  with  the  Tiojja ;  thence  up 
that  river,  and  to  Geneva  and  Niagara;  and 
thence  to  the  neighborhood  of  Montreal.  At 
length,  owing  to  the  exertions  of  Gov.  Clinton, 
Mrs.  Campbell  was  exchanged  for  the  wife  of 
Col.  Butler,  and  the  chi'-.lren  were  with  difficulty, 
at  the  same  time  rescued  from  captivity.  In  17H3, 
when  Gen.  Washington  and  Gov.  Clinton  wore 
on  their  cxphjring  tour,  they  honored  him  with 
a  visit  for  one  night,  and  commended  warmly  his 
patriotic  zeal.  After  the  war  he  was  a  member 
of  the  legislature  and  an  earnest  republican.  So 
firm  had  been  liis  health,  that  he  was  engaged  in 
personal  labor  the  day  before  he  died.  His 
widow,  Jane  Cannon,  died  in  1830,  aged  93,  a 
hajjjjy  Christian.  Of  her  sons,  "William  was  sur- 
veyor-general of  New  York,  James  S.  was  a 
judge,  and  Robert  a  lawyer  of  Cooperstown. 
Among  his  numerous  descendants  were  some  of 
the  chief  citizens  of  Cherry  Valley.  Ilis  charac- 
ter through  life  was  irreproachable ;  and  for  many 
years  he  had  been  a  consistent  jirofessor  of  reli- 
gion. —  C/te>ry  Valley  Qaz.  Sept.  14,  1«!;4. 

CAMPBELL,  Jenny,  Miss,  died  i:  Orange 
county,  Va.,  Dec.  6,  1855,  aged  115. 

CAMPBELL,  Geoiige  W.,  died  at  Nashville, 
Feb.  17,  1848,  aged  80.  lie  was  minister  of 
United  States  to  llussia.  lie  had  been  represen- 
tative in  1803-9,  senator  1811-14,  1815-18,  and 
secretary  of  the  treasury. 

CAMPBELL,  Ale.\.vxder,  D.  I).,  died  at  New 
Oi  leans  May  6,  1855,  aged  63.  He  was  a  re- 
former among  the  Baptists,  abjuring  religious 
creeds,  and  forming  a  new  sect,  which  prevailed 
in  Virginia,  Kentucky,  and  Tennessee.  In  a  de- 
bate with  Dr.  nice,  he  boasted  of  having  two 
hundred  thousand  followers,  not  all  in  this  coun- 
try. He  published  the  Millennial  Harbinger,  a 
monthly  work.  —  N.  Y.  Observer,  March  16, 
1850. 

CAMPBELL,  William,  surveyor-general  of 
New  York,  died  at  Cherry  Valley  Oct.  21,  1844, 
aged  77.  He  was  the  son  of  Colonel  C,  and  the 
only  member  of  a  family,  who  escaped  captivity  or 
death  in  the  massacre  of  Nov.,  1778. 

C.VMPBELL,  John  M.,  missionary  to  western 
Africa,  sailed  from  Boston  Jan.  1,  1844,  and  died 
at  Cajie  Palmas  of  the  acclimating  fever,  April 
19,  1844,  saying:  "Though  one  Instrument 
should  be  taken  away,  the  cause  of  Christ  would 
go  forward." 

CAMPBELL,  Maria,  a  daughter  of  Gen. 
Hull,  the  wife  of  Edward  F.  C,  died  in  Augusta, 
Geo.,  in  1845.  She  had  talents,  cultivated  by 
study,  and  a  heart  benevolent  and  pious.  Many 
feeble  hours  she  devoted  to  teaching  her  slaves 
the  principles  of  the  gospel.  She  finished  before 
her  death  a  work  on  the  Ilevolutionary  services 
of  her  father. 


C.VMTBF.LL.  Damki.,  niiniVtcr  of  Orford,  N. 
H.,  died  Oct.  1,  1N49,  aged  70,  bi>(iufatiiiiig  20,- 
000  dollars  to  the  American  board  of  missions, 
and  to  the  home  missionarj-,  bible,  and  tract  so- 
cieties. Bom  in  Lebanon,  he  graduated  ct  Dart- 
mouth in  IHOl,  and  was  settled  in  Kennebunk, 
then  in  Orford.  He  died  suddenly  in  bed,  hav- 
ing retired  in  usual  health. 

CAMPBELL,  ILvuVEY  M.,  a  missionary,  died 
in  Arracan,  where  he  had  been  only  two  years, 
Feb.  22,  1852.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Hamilton 
college. 

C^VNER,  Hi-XUY,  J).  D.,  minister  of  king's 
chajiel  in  Boston,  died  in  1792,  aged  92.  He 
was  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1724.  In  the 
following  year  ho  began  to  read  prayers  in  an 
Episcopal  church  at  Fairfield.  In  1727,  he  w^ent 
to  I'higland  for  ordination,  and  was  appointed 
missionary  for  that  town.  His  occasional  ser- 
vices at  Norwalk  promoted  the  interest  of  the 
church  i  and  it  was  not  long  before  he  had  a  re- 
spectable congregation  there,  as  well  as  at  Fair- 
field. He  was  a  man  of  talents  and  agreeable 
manners,  highly  esteemed  by  his  people.  Having 
l)een  chosen  rector  of  the  first  Episcopal  church 
in  Boston,  he  was  inducted  into  this  office  April 
11,  1747.  Hero  he  continued,  till  the  commence- 
ment of  the  American  Revolution  obliged  him  to 
retire  from  Boston.  He  left  the  church  March 
17,  1775.  From  tliis  period  he  resided  in  Eng- 
land till  his  death  in  Long  Ashton.  A  daughter 
married  Mr.  Gore  of  Boston.  He  pubUshed  a 
sermon  on  Matthew  Vli,  28,  29,  entitled :  "  The 
true  nature  and  method  of  Christian  preachi;'.g." 
Jonathan  Dickinson,  in  his  vindicaticm  of  God's 
sovereign,  free  grace,  replies  to  some  sentiments 
in  the  sermon.  Mr.  Caner  published  also  funeral 
sermons  on  the  death  of  Charles  Apthovp,  1756  ; 
of  Frederic,  Prince  of  Wales,  1751  j  of  Ucv.  Dr. 
Cutler,  17G5;  of  George  il.,  1761;  of  Timothy 
Cutler,  1765 ;  a  thanksgiving  sermon  for  the 
peace,  1763;  perhaps  also  a  vindication  of  the 
society  for  propagating  the  gospel,  1764.  —  Chan- 
dler's Life  of  Johnson,  62;  Coll.  Ilisf.  Sac.  lit. 
260;  Golumb.  Centincl,  Vch.  13,  1793. 

CANNON,  James  Spencer,  I).  I).,  died  in  New 
Brunswick  July  25,  1852,  aged  76,  of  the  Dutch 
reformed  church.  For  26  years  he  was  pro- 
fessor of  metaphysics  in  Rutgers  college,  and  of 
theology  and  ecclesiastical  history  in  the  theologi- 
cal seminarv'.  For  strong  powers  of  mind,  ur- 
banity, and  fervent  piety  he  was  distinguished. 

CANONICUS,  an  Indian  chief  of  Narragansett, 
died  June  4,  1647,  aged  about  85.  He  was  the 
eldest  of  three  brothers  and  his  father's  heir. 
Miantunnomu,  son  of  liis  youngest  brother,  was 
"  his  marshal  and  executioner,"  but  did  notliing 
without  his  uncle's  consent.  Ninnegrad  was 
the  other  uncle  of  Miantunnomu.  In  1622,  the 
second  year  after  the  landing  of  the  pilgrims  at 


190 


CANONTCUS, 


riymoutl),  Canonicus,  liavin;,'  iiliimt  five  tlioiisnml 
fif;litiii<f  nu'ii,  sent  as  a  cliiilli'iifjc  a  l)iiii(llt'  of  ar- 
rows tied  with  a  siiakc-skin;  this  skin  was  re- 
turned filled  with  jxiwder  nnd  ball.  I'eace  was 
preserved  by  this  defiance  and  by  a  discreet  ne- 
gotiation. 

When  ]{of^cr  Williams,  driven  from  Massachu- 
setts, sought  a  retreat  at  Xarrajjaiisett,  the  king, 
Canonicus,  generously  made  him  and  hiscomjjaii- 
ions  a  ])resent  of  all  the  neck  of  land  between 
Pawtucket  and  ^Foshasuck  rivers,  that  they  might 
own  it  forever.    On  this  neck  they  settled.     Here 
was  an  act  of  kindness,  which  even  at  the  jiresent 
day  demands  a  requital  from  the  whites  toward 
the   remains  of  the    Indian  tribes.     About  fifty 
years  afterwards,  ^\'iIliams  gave  a  dejjosition,  in 
which  he  says  :  "  I  declare  to  ])o.stcrity,  that  were 
it  not  for  the  favor  that  God  gave  me  with  Can- 
onicus, none  of  these  j)arts,  no,  not  Ithode  Island, 
liad  been  purchased  or  obtained,  for  I  never  got 
anytliing  of  Canonicu.sbut  bygift."    "And  I  desire 
posterity  to  see  the  gracious  hand  of  the  Most 
lligh,  that  wlien  the  hearts  of  my  countrymen 
and  friends  and  lirethren  failed  me,  his  infinite 
wisdom  and  merits  stirred  u])  the  barbarous  heart 
of  Canonicus,  to  love  me  as  his  own  son,  to  his 
last  gasj)."    Once,  in  a  solemn  oration,  the   sa- 
chem said  to  Williams  "  I  have  never  suffered  any 
wrong  to  be  offered  to  the  English  since  they 
landed,  nor  nev^-r  will.     M'unnaumwagean  Eng- 
lishman (that  is.  If  the  En(jlish  apeak  true,  if  he 
mean  truly),  then  shall   I  go   to  my  grave   in 
peace."    When  Williams  replied  that  he  liad  no 
cause   to  distrust  tlie  I'liiglisliman's  Wunnaum- 
viauonck,  J'(tit/ij'iilncs.i,thu  old  Indian  took  a  stick 
and  broke  it  into  ten  jiieces,  and  related  ten  in- 
stances, laying  down  a  stick  to  every  instance, 
which  awakened  his  fears.     He  proved  himsell'at 
all  times  the  friend  of  the  I'higlish.     The  Indian 
deed  of  Rhode  Island  bears  date  March  24,  l(i3S. 
The  deed  of  I'rovidence  is  dated  the  same  day. 
In  1G32  there  was  a  war  between  the  Xarragan- 
setts  and  I'equots  concerning  the  territory  be- 
tween Paucatuck  river  and  AVeeapaug  brook  on 
the  east,  ten  miles  wide,  and  fifteen  or  twenty  in 
length,  which  was  claimed  by  Canonicus,  as  hav- 
ing conquered  it  many  years  before.    After  three 
years'  war  the  land  was  obtained,  and  given  to 
Sossoa  or  Sochso,  a  rent   -ide  Pequot,  who  had 
fought  valorously  for  Canonicus.     However,  the 
P(.'(piots  very  soon  recovered  it.     On  losing  his 
son,  Canonicus,  alter  burying  him,  burned  his  own 
palace  and  all  his  goods  in  it. 

W^hen  an  embassy  was  sent  to  him  in  103" 
from  Massachusetts,  he  received  the  ambassadors 
in  his  best  style.  In  the  royal  entertainment 
which  he  provided,  he  gave  them  boiled  chest- 
nuts for  white  bread  ;  also  boiled  ])uddings,  made 
of  pounded  Indian  corn,  well  filled  with  a  "  great 
store  of  black  berries,  somewhat  like  ciUTants." 


CAPTS. 

Tfis  audience  chamber  was  a  liou«e  fif^y  feet  wide, 
iiiiidc  of  long  poles  stuck  in  the  gmuiul,  covered 
with  mats,  save  a  hole  in  the  roof  to  let  out  the 
smoke.  Seated  on  a  mat,  his  nobility  were 
around  him,  with  their  legs  doubled  inider  them, 
their  knees  touching  their  chins.  He  agreed  to 
favor  the  English  rather  than  the  Pecpiots,  and 
to  the  latter  he  gave  his  faithful  advice,  designed 
to  hush  the  tem])est  of  war,  which  was  ready  to 
break  out.  Ihit  in  a  short  time  the  Pequots  for- 
got his  wise  counsels,  and  plunged  into  a  fatal 
war  with  the  l-^nglish,  and  were  destroyed  by 
Mason.  In  the  war  with  Uncas,  in  ]CA'.i,  Mian- 
tunnomu  was  taken  prisoner  and  killed.  Ai)ril 
19,  16-14, 1'essacus  and  Canonicus  by  deed  sub- 
mitted to  the  English  king  for  protection.  In 
1(54.5,  the  sons  of  Canonicus  having  excited  a  war 
with  some  neighboring  Indians,  troops  were  sent 
from  Massachusetts  under  Gibbons,  who  quelled 
the  disturbance.  After  Miantunnomu,  a  sachem, 
called  Mecumeh,  was  associated  with  Canonicus. 
Pessacus,  also,  was  a  powerful  sachem.  Koger 
AA'illiams  calls  him  "  A  wise  and  peaceable  jirince." 
AA'ise  he  must  have  been,  compared  with  most 
jirinces,  since  he  was  peaceable.  In  about  thirty 
years  Philiji  and  his  race  fell  victims  to  war,  which 
iie  enkindled.— 7V//(rc.  302  j  JA/.v,«.  JIiKf.  Coll. 
III.  21,;,  238;  V.  237;  s.s.  IV.  42  ;  VII.  7  J ;  IX. 
109;  llulmvs,  I.  177,  280;  Huvaye's  Winthrop, 
II.  308. 

CAOXARO,  a  Carib  chief,  called  by  the  S])an- 
iards  the  lord  of  the  golden  house,  in  1493  cap- 
tured the  fortress  of  La  Xavidad  in  Hispaniola, 
and  massacred  the  Spaniards.  The  next  year  he 
unsuccessfully  besieged  Ojeda,  though  he  had 
with  him  ten  thousand  warriors.  Soon  afterwards 
Ojeda  made  him  jirisoner  by  strategem,  pretend- 
ing to  honor  him  by  jjuttuig  on  him  a  jiair  of 
manacles  of  burnished  steel,  resembling  silver, 
and  mounting  him  in  slate  on  his  own  horse. 
Thus  he  gallojied  olf  with  his  j)rize,  the  victim  of 
vanity.  In  1490  he  was  put  on  board  a  vessel  to 
be  conveyed  to  Sjiain ;  but  he  died  in  the  pas- 
sage. His  death  is  ascribed  to  the  dee]i  melan- 
choly of  his  proud  spirit.  At  first  a  simple  Carib 
warrior,  he  became  the  most  powerful  cacique  in 
the  jiopulous  island  of  Hayti.  Lut  being  made  a 
jirisoncr,  he  died  in  obscurity.  Thus  sinks  away 
all  the  glory  of  human  greatness.  —  Ivvimjs  Co- 
lumbus, II. 

CAPEX,  JosKi'li,  a  ])oct  and  minister  of  Tojis- 
field,  Mass.,  was  the  son  of  John  C,  who  lived  in 
]  )orchester  in  1034,  and  died  in  1092,  aged  79. 
He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1077, 
ordained  June  4,  1084,  and  died  June  30,  172ij, 
aged  00.  He  published,  about  1082,  an  elegy  on 
the  ingenious  mathematician  and  printer,  .John 
Foster,  which  concludes  with  the  following  lines, 
doubtless  suggested  by  AVoodbridge's  elegy  on 
John  Cotton : 


CAPE  J  IS. 


CARLETOX. 


191 


ar  he 

lie  had 

wards 

tend- 

pair  of 

silver, 

horse. 

ctim  of 

CHsel  to 

le  jias- 

melan- 

Carib 


Toj)S- 
lived  in 
red  79. 

1077, 
S  lT2o, 
ogy  on 
r,  John 

lines, 
L'gy  on 


"  'riiy  \M\r,  which  t  '  irtlroni'ns  lUl  l;iik, 
Niiw'n  liiiil  iinili',  I"      ■•'  "M  iiliimimi-; 
Iltit  for  thp  !■  .  •<  ..•  'h  lint  nl'  iliiUr, 

Twill  havo,  nt  i.'  «  far  iii"n'  iictlvc  utato. 

Yi'ti,  tliMiicli  wit'i      I  I  thy  h'lily  scpIIciI  hu, 
Yi't.  lit  thi"  ri'iiirri'i'i-'iii,  wi' sliiill  ith 
A  fiilr  I'llltinn,  nml  "f  llintihlrs^*  worth, 
Krif  frmii  cmtii.-*.  iifw  in  hi'-ivrn  ftrt  fnrtli; 
'Tl«  hut  a  Kuril  from  (Iml.  tin'  unvit  Crriitor, 
It  BbiiU  Ih)  ihnic,  whoii  hn  Hiiith  *  Iniitriumtur.'  ** 

CAPERS,  M'li.i.iAM,  1).  ]).,  Methodist  bishoj). 
died  in  South  Carolina  Jan.  2'.),  IS.i.J,  af;ed  (i.j. 

CAUDELE,  WiM.iAM  S.,  a  useful  writer,  died 
nt  Eancaster,  Pn.,  .\ii}j.  10,  1KJ8;  his  usual  resi- 
dence had  l)een  in  the  city  of  New  York.  lie 
was  a  man  of  talents  and  nclivo  benevolence. 
He  projected  an  American  academy  of  belles 
lettres,  which  had  a  momentary  existence,  but 
soon  exiiired.  He  jiublished  a  new  system  of 
griunmar,  and  other  useful  books  for  youth. 

C.VUEY,  John  1-.,  died  at  New  Orleans  Dec. 
It,  1.S38.  He  was  editor  of  the  Daily  Crescent 
four  years,  and  jjreviously  of  the  Ualtimore  Amer- 
ican, and  the  author  of  popular  works  on  political 
economy. 

C.VllEY,  MATTimv,  died  at  Philadeli)hia  Sejit. 
17,  1H3!),  aged  7'J.  He  was  born  in  Ireland  Jan. 
2S,  17()(),  and  was  early  apprenticed  to  a  printer 
and  liookseller.  In  1783  he  set  np  "TheEree- 
man's  Jom-nal."  After  being  jjrosecuted  for  a 
libel,  he  came  to  Philadeliihia  in  1781  with  scarce 
a  dozen  guineas  in  his  ])ocket.  He  established 
the  Pennsylvania  Herald  in  178.3,  and  afterwards, 
the  Columbian  Magazine  and  the  American  Mu- 
seum. IJy  printing  and  bookseUing  he  amassed 
an  ample  fortune.  He  wrote  and  jjublishcd  the 
Olive  Branch,  1814,  of  which  he  sold  ten  thou- 
sand copies;  Vindicia'  Ilibernicie,  1829;  and  fifty- 
nine  ];ieces  in  favor  of  the  Protective  System  of 
American  Industry.  His  last  [)ublication  was  the 
I'hilosophy  of  Common  Sense.  He  promoted 
the  'nterests  of  education  and  the  charities  of  the 
day.  To  the  young  and  deserving  he  took  pleas- 
ure in  lending  a  hel]iing  hand.  His  hfe  was 
written  by  G.  A.  Ward,  in  Lives  of  American 
merchants. 

C.\UHEIL,  I^ni:xxE  de,  a  Jesuit  missionary, 
visited  tiie  Irotiuois  in  1GG8.  For  more  than 
sixty  years  he  toiled  amongst  the  Indians  in  Can- 
ada, with  little  success ;  ill  1721  Cliarlevoix  left 
him  in  CanaiLi,  still  full  of  vigor  and  vivacity. 
Though  he  s])oke  the  Huron  and  Iroquois  lan- 
guages liettcr  than  his  own,  and  was  regarded  by 
the  savages  ns  a  saint  and  a  genius  of  the  first 
order,  yet  he  made  but  few  converts,  and  for  his 
little  success  he  humbled  himself  befoj'e  (iod. 
Charlevoix  remarks,  that  the  liistory  of  Carheil 
may  well  teach  missionaries  that  it  is  the  jirerog- 
ative  of  God  to  renew  the  heart,  and  tliat  their 
toils  are  never  in  vain,  if  they  themselves  become 
saints. 

C.VULETON,  GiY,  Eoi»l  Dorchester,  a  di^.tin- 


guishi  d  Tlritish  officer  in  .\mcricn,  died  in  ISOS, 
in  r'ngland,  aged  8;j.     He  was  n])])(iinted  a  brig- 
adier-general in  this  country  in  1770.     He  was 
made  major-general  in  1772.     At   the   close   of 
the.  year  1771   n  commission    jiassed  the   seals, 
constituting  liim  caiitain-general  and  governor  of 
(iuebec.     When  Canada  was  invaded  by  Mont- 
gomery in  177.>,  Carleton  was  hi  the  most  immi- 
nent danger  of  being  taken  jiristmer  upon  the  St. 
Lawrence  at\er  the  capture  (,f  Montreal;  but  he 
escaped  in  u  boat  with  mullled  jiaddles,  and  ar- 
rived safely  at  (Juebec,  which  he  found  threatened 
by   an   unexpected  enemy.     Arnold,  though   he 
iuid   been    rejiulsed  by  Col.  Maclean,  was  yet  in 
the  neighborliood  of  the  city,  waiting  for  the  ar- 
rival of  Montgomery  ])reviously  to  another  attack. 
General  Carleton,  with  the  skill  of  an  experienced 
oHicer,  took  the  necessary  measures  for  the  se- 
curity of  the  city.     His  first  act  was  to  oblige  all 
to  leave  (Juebec,  who  would  not  lake  up  arms  in 
its  defence.     A\'hen  Montgomery  aiiproached,  his 
summons  was  treated  with  contempt  by  the  gov- 
ernor, whose  intrepidity  was  not  to  be  shaken. 
IJy  his  industry  and  bravery  Carleton  saved  the 
city.     After  the  unsuccessful  assault  of  the  last 
of  December,  in  which  Montgomery  was  killed, 
he  had  nothing  more  immediately  to  ajiprehend. 
In  May,  177(),  he  obliged  the  Americans  to  raise 
the  siege,  and  it  was  not  long  before  hecomi)elled 
them  to  withdraw  entirely  IVimi  Canada.     In  Oc- 
tober  he   recaptured  Crown  Point ;  but,  as   the 
winter  w.ts  advancing,  he  did  not  attempt  the 
reduction   of  Ticonderoga,  iiut   returned   to   St. 
John's.     In  the  l)eginning  of  the  next  year  he 
was  superseded  in  his  command  by   liurgoyne, 
who   was   intrusted   with   the   northern    liritish 
army.     Carleton 's   exjierience,  and   abilities,  and 
services  were  such  as  rendered  him  worthy  of  the 
command,  which  was  given  to  another.     Tl'.'nigh 
he  iminediatel)'  asked  leave  to  resign  his  govern- 
ment, he  yet  contributed  all  in  his  ])ower  to  secure 
the  success  of  the  campaign.     In  the  year   17S2 
he   was   apjiointed,   as   successor   of  Sir   Henry 
CUnton,  conimander-in-chief  of  all  his  majesty's 
forces  in  .America.     He  arrived  at  New  York  with 
his  commission  in  the  beginning  of  .May.     After 
the  treaty  was  signed,  he  delayed  for  siniic  time 
the   evacuation   of  the   city  from  regard  to  the 
safety   of  the   loyalists;  but   Nov.   2o,  1783,  ho 
embarked,  and  witlulrew  the  Uritish  shijis  from 
the  shores  of  America.    He   was  a  brave   and 
able  ofHrcr,  and  he  rendered  imjiortant  services 
to  his  country.     Though  he  was  not  conciliating 
in  his  maniHis,  and  jiossessed  the  severity  of  the 
soldier,  yet  his  humanity  to  the  American  prison- 
ers, whom  he  took  in  Canada,  has  been   much 
praised.     In  excuse  for  the  little  attention  which 
he  paid  to  the  honorable  burial  of  Montgomery, 
it  can  only  be  said   that  he  regarded  him  us  a 
rebel.  —  iSlcdiiniii,  I. ;  Aiiiitutl   Iteij.    .WII.    180, 


U'M^i  '^^Hgtfmr  -^  .-jafcty.'*.  ^ 


199 


CARLTON. 


XIX.  2-lfi ;  XX.  2  i  Warren's  Hint.  Rev.  II.  2,  3 ; 
III.  217,252,311. 

CAKL'I'OX,  Osgood,  a  teacher  of  mathemat- 
ics and  navii^atioii,  resided  chiefly  in  MasH.,  but 
died  in  Litchfield,  X.  II.,  in  June  1816.  lie  pub- 
li.shed  valuable  niaj)H  of  Mass.,  and  of  the  district 
of  Maine ;  also  the  American  navigator,  1801 ;  the 
South  American  jjilot,  1804 ;  a  map  of  the  U.  S., 
1806;  practice  of  arithmetic,  1810. 

CARMAN,  caj)tain,  a  brave  seaman,  sailed 
from  New  Haven  Dec,  1642,  in  a  vessel  of  180 
tons  with  clapboards  for  the  Canarich,  being  ear- 
nestly commended  by  tlic  church  at  New  Haven 
to  the  Lord'.s  protection.  Near  the  Island  of 
Palma  he  was  attacked  by  a  Turkish  pirate  of 
three  hundred  tons,  with  two  hundred  men  and 
twenty-six  cannon,  he  hanng  only  twenty  men 
and  seven  serviceable  cannon.  The  battle  lasted 
three  hours,  the  Turk  lying  across  his  hawse,  so 
that  he  had  to  fire  through  his  own  "  hoodings." 
At  last  he  was  boarded  by  100  men ;  but  a  shot 
killing  the  Turkish  captain,  and  the  tiller  of  his 
shij)  being  broken,  the  Turk  took  in  his  ensign 
and  fell  off,  leaving  behind  fifty  men.  Those 
Carman  and  his  crew  assaulted  hand  to  hand  and 
compelled  all,  who  were  not  killed,  to  leap  over- 
board. He  had  many  wounds  on  his  head  and 
body,  and  several  of  liis  men  were  wounded ;  but 
only  one  was  killed.  At  the  island  he  was  coiir- 
teously  entertained.  He  arrived  at  Boston  July 
2,  1643.  In  Nov.  1645  he  sailed  from  Boston  for 
Malaga,  in  company  with  a  new  ship  of  four 
hundred  tons ;  but  both  vessels  ran  aground  in 
the  night  on  the  coast  of  Spain,  and  Carman,  Dr. 
Pratt,  and  seventeen  others  were  drowned. 
There  \vere  on  board  the  large  vessel  several 
ship  masters  as  passengers :  but,  says  Hubbard, 
"  according  to  the  old  proverb,  the  more  cooks 
the  worse  broth,  and  the  more  masters  the  worse 
mariners."  The  lights  in  the  castle  of  Cadiz  had 
been  seen;  but  were  mistaken  for  lights  in  ene- 
mies' vessels.  —  2.  Ilist.  Coll.  VI.  525 ;  Savage's 
Whith.  II.  124,  239. 

CARMICIIAEL,  William,  charge  d'  affaires 
at  the  court  of  Spain,  died  early  in  1795.  He 
was  a  native  of  Maryland.  At  the  beginning  of 
the  Revolution  he  was  in  London,  and  thence  he 
proceeded  to  Paris  on  liis  way  to  America  with 
despatches  from  A.  Lee.  At  Paris  he  was  de- 
tained by  sickness.  On  the  arrival  of  Mr.  Dcane 
in  June  1776,  he  aided  him  in  his  correspondence 
and  the  transaction  of  business.  In  Oct.,  at  the 
suggestion  of  the  Prussian  minister  he  went  to 
Berlin,  by  way  of  Amsterdam,  to  communicate  to 
the  king  intelligence  concerning  American  com- 
merce. Returning  to  Paris,  he  was  employed 
more  than  a  )  i  ar  by  the  American  commissioners. 
He  arrived  at  Boston  in  May,  1778;  in  Nov.,  he 
took  his  seat  in  congress  as  a  delegate  from  Mary- 
land, though  he  had  been  appointed  secretary  to 


CARR. 

the  commissioners  in  France.  The  next  year  ho 
was  ai)])ointed  secretarj-  of  legation  to  Mr.  Jay 
in  liis  mission  to  S])ain,  and  accomjianicd  him  and 
remained  with  him  during  his  residence  in  Mad- 
rid. When  Mr.  Jay  went  to  Paris  in  June  1782, 
Mr.  Carmichael  was  left  as  charge  d'  affaires,  and 
after  the  peace  was  commissioned  in  that  charac- 
ter by  congress,  and  continued  as  such  at  the 
court  of  Spain  about  fifteen  years.  In  March  1792 
William  Short  was  joined  with  him  in  a  commis- 
sion to  negotiate  a  treaty  with  Spain.  The 
attempt  was  unsuccessful.  Soon  afterwards  Mr.  • 
Carmichael  returned  to  the  United  States.  His 
correspondence  makes  a  part  of  the  9th  vol.  of 
diplomatic  correspondence,  edited  by  J.  Sparks. 
—  Dipt.  Cor.JX.  3,4. 

CARNES,  Thomas  P.,  a  judge  of  Georgia, 
was  born  and  educated  at  Maryland ;  removing 
to  Georgia,  he  there  attained  to  a  high  rank  as  a 
lawyer.  He  was  successively  solicitor-general, 
attorney-general,  and  judge  of  the  supreme 
court ;  and  he  was  also  a  member  of  congress. 
He  died  at  Milledgeville  May  8, 1822,  aged  60. 

CARNEY,  D/US'IEL  L.,  died  in  Campbell  coun- 
ty, Ky.,  Aug.  1, 1856,  aged  76;  one  of  the  early 
settlers  of  Cincinnati,  and  editor  of  the  Western 
Spy. 

CARPENTER,  Rebecca,  widow,  died  at  Re- 
hoboth  June  23,  1837,  aged  67,  bequeathing  1000 
dollars  to  be  divided  among  five  of  the  leading 
charitable  societies. 

CARR,  Robert,  Sir,  died  June  1,  1667.  He 
was  ajipointed  by  Charles  H.,  in  1664,  a  commis- 
sioner, with  Col.  NicoUs,  Cartwright,  and  Maver- 
ick, with  extensive  powers  in  New  England.  It 
was  designed  to  repress  the  spirit  of  liberty. 
Clarendon  said,  "  they  are  already  hardened  into 
republics."  In  the  summer  he  and  Maverick 
arrived  at  Piscataqua.  Aug.  27,  1664,  Nicolls 
and  Carr,  with  four  frigates,  and  throe  hundred 
men,  captured  from  the  Dutch  Noav  Amsterdam, 
and  called  it  New  York  in  honor  of  the  Duke  of 
York  and  Albany,  the  brother  of  the  king.  Sept. 
24th  the  garrison  at  fort  Orange  capitulated,  and 
ihe  place  was  called  Albany.  Carr  forced  the 
Dutcli  and  Swedes  on  Delaware  bay  to  capitu- 
late Oct.  1.  Thus  New  Netherlands,  including 
Now  Jersey,  was  subjected.  The  commissioners, 
excepting  Nicolls,  repaired  to  Boston  in  Feb., 
1665.  Their  proceedings  are  narrated  by  Hutch- 
inson. When  they  amvcd  in  Maine  in  June, 
1665,  they  assumed  all  the  jiowors  of  government, 
so  that  the  authority  of  Massachusetts  there  was 
suspended.  By  special  commission  from  them  a 
court  was  held  at  Casco  by  Jocelyn  and  others  in 
July  1G()0.  The  government,  thus  created  by  the 
commissioners,  exjnred  in  1668,  the  jieople  look- 
ing to  Massachusetts  for  a  finncr  administration 
of  affairs.  In  the  mean  time  Carr  had  returned 
to  England,  where  he  died  at  Bristol,  the  day 


CAUR. 


CARROLL. 


IDS 


It 

liberty. 

into 

crick 

icoUs 

dred 

crdam, 
)uke  of 
Sept. 

d,  and 
the 

capitu- 

luding 

iioncrs, 
Feb., 

Hutch- 
June, 

nment, 
re  was 

them  a 

hers  in 
by  the 

,e  look- 
tration 
turned 
he  day 


alYor  he  landed.— //o?mes,  I.  333  j  IMcJiins,  I. 
211-220. 

{'.\UK,  Dahnky.  a  distinguished  member  of 
the  assembly  of  Virjjiiiia,  moved  and  eloquently 
sujiportcd  tlie  lesolution  for  appointin};  a  com- 
mit tee  of  correspondence  in  consequence  of  the 
Uritish  eneroiichments,  which  was  adopted  March 
12,  Ill'J.  IJut  he  died  in  about  two  months,  nt 
Charlottesville,  May  Iflth,  ap;ed  30.  lie  married 
Martha,  the  sister  of  Mr.  Jefferson,  who  in  his 
works  has  delineated  his  character,  as  marked  by 
a  sound  judjjment  and  inflexible  firmness,  com- 
bined with  fancy  and  eloquence,  softness  and 
kindness.  Ills  eldest  son,  I'cter  Carr,  died  about 
1  H(),S.  —  Jefl'crson's  Workx. 

CAUR,  i  )AI!.MCY,  died  Jan.  8, 1 837,  at  Culi)epper, 
Va.,  aged  03.  He  was  a  man  of  distinction ;  a 
judj,'e  of  the  court  of  appeals ;  a  man  of  talents, 
industry,  learning,  and  of  colloquial  powers. 

C.\RR,]).\nNi:Y  S.,  died  in  Charlottesville,  Va., 
March  24,  18u4,  aged  51 ;  naval  olHcer  at  Balti- 
more, and  minister  of  U.  S.  at  Constantinople  six 
years. 

CARRIER,  Thomas,  remarkable  for  longevity, 
died  at  Colchester,  Conn.,  May  10,  1735,  aged 
100  years.  Ho  was  bom  in  the  west  of  England 
and  removed  thence  to  .\ndover,  JIass.  He  mar- 
ried in  ICGl  Martha  Allen,  who  fell  a  victim  to 
the  witchcraft  hifatuation  at  Salem  village,  with 
Mr.  Burroughs,  Aug.  19, 1092,  —  one  of  her  own 
daughters,  aged  7,  being  allowed  to  testify  against 
her,  as  making  her  a  witch,  and  appearing  like  a 
black  cat,  the  cat  saying,  she  was  lier  mother. 
Hutchinson  has  jireserved  her  testimony.  He 
lived  at  Colchester  about  twenty  years,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  church  in  that  town.  His  head 
in  his  last  years  was  not  bald,  nor  his  hair  gray. 
Not  many  days  before  his  death  ho  travelled  on 
foot  six  miles,  to  see  a  sick  man  and  the  very  day 
before  he  died  he  was  visiting  his  neighbors.  — 
New  Eitf).  Week.  Jour.  Jime  9,  1735j  Hutchin- 
son, II.  47 ;  Farmer's  Coll.  II.  09. 

CARRIGAIX,  I'lilLiP,  a  distinguished  physi- 
cian, died  in  Aug.  1800.  He  was  born  in  New 
York  in  1740,  and  was  the  son  of  a  Scotch  phy- 
sician, who  died  in  that  city.  After  studying  with 
])r.  Brickct  of  Haverhill,  Mass.,  he  settled  in  1708 
at  Concord,  N.  H.,  where  he  rose  to  eminence  as 
a  physician  and  surgeon.  His  practice  was  lor 
years  more  extensive  than  that  of  any  other  phy- 
sician in  the  State.  His  son  of  the  same  name,  a 
lawyer,  and  secretary  of  State,  ])ubUslied  in  1810 
a  largo  and  beautiful  map  of  New  llami)shire. 
—  Moore's  Annals  of  Concord,  02  j  Uoutou's 
Cent.  Disc.  94. 

CARRINGTON,  Paul,  a  patriot  of  the  Revo- 
lution, died  at  his  seat  hi  Charlotte  county,  Va., 
June  22,  1818,  aged  85.    He  was  probably  older 
than  any  surviving  Virghiian  patriot  who  took  an 
25 


active  part  in  the  councils  of  the  country  in  the 
first  struggles  for  liberty  and  independence. 

C.V.JUXCiTOX,  EinvAUD,  an  officer  of  the 
Revolution,  died  Oct.  28,  1810,  aged  01.  He  was 
an  active  quarter-mastcr-general  under  Greene, 
in  the  campaign  at  the  south;  and  served  also  in 
the  north.  He  was  a  representative  in  congress 
from  Virghiia  after  the  peace.  When  Aaron 
Burr  was  tried  for  high  treason,  he  was  foreman 
of  the  jnrv.  —  Lord's  Lenipr.;  Lee,  I.  200. 

CVRRINGTOX,  I'aui.,  judge  of  the  general 
court  of  Virginia,  died  at  his  scat  in  Charlotte 
county,  Virginia,  Jan.  8,  1810,  nged  02.  In  his 
youth  ho  was  distinguished  as  a  soldier  in  the  ac- 
tions at  Guillbrd  c(nirt-house  and  Green  Spring. 
On  the  return  of  peace  he  completed  his  studies 
at  AVilliam  and  Mary  college.  At  the  ago  of 
twenty-two  he  was  a  member  of  the  house  of  dele- 
gates, afterwards  of  the  senate ;  from  which  body 
he  was  transferred  to  the  bench  of  the  superior 
court.  He  died,  expressing  the  hope  of  a  happy 
immortality  through  the  merits  of  the  Saviour. — 
Christian  Vigilant. 

CARROLL,  John,  J).  D.,  L  L.  D.,  first  Catho- 
Uc  bishop  in  the  United  States,  died  Dec.  3,  1815, 
aged  80.  He  was  bom  at  Ui)])er  Marlborough 
in  Maryland,  in  1734,  and  sent  for  education  at 
the  age  of  thirteen  to  Flanders.  P'rom  St. 
Omer's,  where  he  remained  six  years,  he  was 
transferred  to  the  colleges  of  Liege  and  Bruges. 
Having  been  ordained  a  priest  and  become  a 
Jesuit,  in  1770  he  accompanied  the  son  of  an 
English  Catholic  nobleman  on  a  tour  through  Eu- 
roi)e.  In  1773  he  was  appointed  a  professor  in 
the  college  of  Bruges.  On  the  suppression  of 
the  Jesuits  by  the  pope,  he  retired  to  England, 
and  acted  as  secretary  of  the  fathers;  in  1775  he 
returned  to  America,  and  engaged  in  the  duties 
of  a  jiavish  j)riest.  By  request  of  congress  he 
accomj)auied  Franklin,  C.  Carroll,  and  S.  Chase 
in  their  mission  to  Canada,  in  order  to  recommend 
neutrality  to  the  Canadians.  Appointed  Catholic 
vicar-general  in  1780,  he  settled  at  Baltimore. 
In  1700  ho  was  consecrated  in  England  Catholic 
bishop  of  the  United  St"tes,  and  he  returned  with 
the  title  of  the  bishop  of  Baltimore.  A  few  years 
before  hia  death  he  was  created  archbishop.  He 
was  the  brother  of  Charles  Carroll,  the  last  sur- 
viving signer  of  the  Ueclaration  of  Independence. 
Bisho])  C.  was  venerable,  dignified,  and  learned. 
In  Latin,  Italian,  and  French  he  conversed  with 
(■ase.  He  was  mild,  and  courteous,  and  free  from 
intolerance,  living  in  friendly  intercourse  with 
persons  of  other  sects.  His  end  was  peaceful. 
In  his  last  illness  he  said  to  a  Protestant  minister, 
who  alluded  to  his  approaching  death :  "  My 
hopes  have  always  been  on  the  cross  of  Christ." 
Encycl.  Americana;  American  Quar.  Eev.  I. 
19-24. 


••t 


194 


CARROLL. 


CARROLL,  CiunLKs,  last  suniving  signer  of 
the  Declaration  of  Iiulepeiidenco,  died  at  Balti- 
more Nov.  14,  1832,  ttRud  95.  Ho  was  bom  at 
Annapolis,  of  an  Irish  family,  Sept.  20,  1737,  and 
inherited  a  very  larf,'o  estate.  Of  the  Catholic  re- 
ligion, ho  was  educated  at  >St.  Omcr's ;  and  studied 
the  civil  and  common  law  in  France  and  in  London. 
In  17CG  he  was  a  delegate  to  congress  from  Mary- 
land i  in  1789  he  was  a  senator.  He  signed  the 
Declaration  of  Indejiendence,  though  not  jiresent 
when  the  vote  was  taken,  on  account  of  his  mis- 
sion to  Canada.  In  1810  he  retired  to  private 
life.  He  was  learned  and  refined,  of  great  viva- 
city and  courtesy,  made  happy  in  domestic  and 
Bocial  intercourse.  His  grand-deughter,  Miss 
Caton,  married  Mr.  Patterson ;  afterwards,  in  1825, 
Richard,  the  marquis  of  Welleslcy. 

CARROLL,  D-vxiEL  L.,  D.  D.,  died  in  Phila- 
delphia Nov.  23,  1851,  aged  03.  lie  graduated 
at  Jefferson  college,  and  succeeded  Dr.  Beecher 
for  two  years  as  the  minister  of  Litchfield  j  and 
then  was  pastor  seven  years  in  Brooklyn.  For 
three  years  he  was  president  of  Hampden  Sidney 
college,  Then  was  five  years  j)astor  in  I'hiladel- 
phia ;  afterwards  secretary  of  the  New  York  col- 
onization society.  He  was  buried  at  Greenwood, 
near  New  York.  In  his  last  liours  he  referred  to 
man's  sinfulness  and  the  power  of  Christ  to  save. 
N.  r.  Observer,  Dec.  4. 

CARTER,  Thomas,  first  minister  of  Wobuni, 
Mass.,  died  in  1C84,  ogcd  73.  He  came  to  this 
country  in  1035,  and  lived  several  years  at  Ded- 
ham  and  "Watertown.  He  was  ordained  at  Wo- 
burn  Nov.  12,  1G42 ;  the  church  had  been  gath- 
ered Aug.  14th.  This  was  a  lay  ordination.  The 
church  having  no  elder,  or  minister,  to  imijosc 
hands,  and  apprehending  a  precedent,  leading  to 
the  "  dependence  of  churches  and  a  presbytery," 
two  of  its  members  performed  that  solemnity,  al- 
though several  ministers  were  present.  When 
they  had  imijosed  hands  for  the  church,  and  said, 
we  ordain  thee  pastor  of  this  church,  a  prayer 
was  made  by  an  elder  of  a  neighboring  church. 
There  are  a  few  undoubted  instances  of  such 
ordinations,  recorded  in  the  early  history  of  this 
country.  —  Savage's  WiittJtrop,  il.  91,  253;  2 
Hist.  Coll.  VII.  42 ;  Chickcriiig's  Hist.   Wohurn. 

CARTER,  RoBiiRT,  president  of  the  council  of 
Vu'ginia  in  172G,  was  succeeded  next  year  as  the 
head  of  the  State  by  Gov.  Wm.  Gouch.  He  died 
Aug.  4,  1732,  aged  CD.  Of  great  wealth,  he  was 
the  proprietor  of  three  hundred  thousand  acres 
of  land  and  one  thousand  and  one  hundred  slaves. 

CARTER,  Robert,  of  Nominy,  Virginia,  a 
member  of  the  executive  council,  jjrobably  a  de- 
scendant of  the  preceding,  died  before  1813. 
He  was  rich,  having  seven  or  eight  hundred  slaves. 
Believing  that  the  toleration  of  slavery  indicates 
very  great  depravity,  lie  gradually  emancipated 
the  Mhole.     Another  account  mentions,  that  he 


CARTER. 

emancipated  four  hundred  and  forty-two  slaveii, 
at  a  sacrifice  of  100,000  dollars.  He  was  fourteen 
years  a  regular  Baptist  j  then  became  on  Armin- 
ian ;  and  afterwards  a  follower  of  the  bewildered 
enthusiast,  Swedenborg.  Ho  removed  to  Balti- 
more to  find  a  society  of  the  same  faith.  —  liene- 
dict,  11.  278  J  liippoii'a  Reg. 

CARTER,  Ezia,  a  resiiectable  and  benevolent 
physician,  was  born  in  South  Ham])ton,  N.  H., 
and  settled  about  1740  in  Concord,  where  he  died 
Sept.  17, 1767,  aged  48.  He  several  times  nar- 
rowly escaped  being  killed  by  the  Indians.  In 
one  of  his  visits  to  a  sick  and  poor  family  in  Bow, 
something  was  said  concerning  the  payment  of  his 
bill.  The  man  and  his  wife  plead  their  deep  pov- 
erty J  but  the  doctor  replied :  "  You  have  jjroperty 
enough  to  satisfy  me,  and  I  will  have  my  pay  be- 
fore I  leave  your  house."  I'lien,  seizing  a  kitten 
from  the  floor,  lie  said :  "  1  told  you  I  should  have 
my  pay ;  I  have  got  it.  Good-by,  and  God  bless 
you."  Just  before  liis  death  he  signed  recei])ts  to 
the  bills  against  all  poor  persons,  with  directions 
to  his  executors  to  deliver  them.  — Moore's  Ann. 
of  Concord,  35. 

CARTER,  N.\TTi.u'iEL  IIazeltine,  a  scholar 
and  traveller,  died  Jan  2,  1830,  aged  42.  He 
was  the  son  of  Joseph  Carter,  and  was  born  in 
Concord,  N.  H.,  about  the  year  1788.  In  1811 
he  was  graduated  at  Dartmouth  college,  and 
afterwards  studied  law.  When  the  charter  of 
the  college  was  amended  by  the  legislature  in 
1817,  he  was  appointed  professor  of  languages  in 
Dartmouth  university,  and  officiated  in  that  capac- 
ity two  or  three  years.  In  1820  he  became  the 
proprietor  and  editor  of  the  Albany  Register,  the 
name  of  which  he  changed.  May  16,  to  that  of  the 
New  York  Statesman.  He  removed  to  the  city 
of  New  York  Jan.  1822,  and  united  his  ynyicr 
with  another,  entering  into  partnersliip  with  Mr. 
G.  W.  Prentiss.  He  zealously  espoused  the  inter- 
ests of  Dewitt  Clinton.  From  1825  to  1827  he 
was  abroad,  travelling  upon  the  continent  of  Eu- 
rope as  the  companion  and  guide  of  a  young  gen- 
tleman of  New  York,  whose- father  confided  in 
his  good  judgment.  During  tins  absence  he  en- 
riched his  paper  with  letters  from  Europe,  which 
on  his  return  he  collected  and  published  in  two 
large  8vo.  volumes,  entitled.  Letters  from  Eu- 
rope, comprising  the  journal  of  a  tour  through 
Ireland,  England,  Scotland,  France,  Italy,  and 
Switzerland,  1827.  These  writings,  the  jiroduc- 
tion  of  a  classical  scholar  and  a  zealous  friend  of 
the  republican  institutions  of  America,  as  well  as 
of  a  believer  in  the  simple  and  pure  religion  of 
the  gospel,  are  well  calculated  to  promote  in  the 
reader  the  love  of  country.  The  exposure  of  the 
civil  and  religious  tyranny,  under  which  the 
greater  part  of  Europe  groans,  is  doing  good  ser- 
vice to  the  cause  of  liberty.  Mr.  Carter's  health 
i  becoming  impaired,  he  spent  the  winters  of  1827 


CARTER. 


CARTIER. 


195 


mid  1S2S  in  Cuba.  'NVhcn  he  Wsited  Concord  in 
Nov.,  1H2H,  lie  udiliTssod  n  few  lines  to  his  "Na- 
livo  Stri'aiii,"  in  wiiicli  hu  alludes  to  liis  wander- 
hijjs  !))■  other  streams  : 

"  Aloni!  the  Shannon,  Doon,  and  Tay, 
1  'vo  MainitiTT't  niiiny  a  tiappy  iliiy, 
Anil  »"Ut;lit  Lcsiile  tlu'  Cum  iinil  Xhamos 
MfMnorlals  of  immortal  niiino.n; 
Or  nilnulwl  in  tlii'  jioililHvl  tniln 
Ot  r.i.ilnoii  on  till)  hnnli.s  or.'<clno. 
An«l  I  liavc  »('<'n  tlu»  aztm^  Rliono 
Uusii  licaiiliMiK  fnmi  hi«  Aipinc-  thronoj 
OriM'n  Mini'ins  ami  th«  Hiivur  Vo 
TlironRli  Tlni'-ciiiil  valusmcand'rtnB  flow; 
SHtet  Arno,  wrciitliM  in  nuinnicr  llowors, 
LinptT  amidst  Ktrurian  how*'rs; 
And  thf  old  Tilwr's  yellow  tldo 
Itoll  to  tlio  Kca  in  sullun  prido. 
In  climoii  Iwni'atli  the  liurnini;  zone, 
'.Mid  tangled  forests,  deep  and  louo, 
Wliero  fervid  Okies  forever  glow, 
And  tlio  soft  trade-winds  whispering  blow, 
My  roving  footsteps  too  liave  prcst 
Tl>e  loveliest  island  of  the  west. 
Tiiero  Yuinnri  winds  deep  and  calm. 
Through  groves  of  citron  and  of  palm; 
There  on  the  sluggish  wave  of  Juan 
My  littio  lioat  liath  borne  me  on; 
Or  up  Caniniar's  silent  Hoods, 
Strewn  with  the  blossoms  of  its  woods.'* 

His  partner,  Mr.  Prentiss,  died  in  Mareh,  1829. 
In  the  same  year  he  relinquished  his  interest  in 
the  Statesman,  and  for  the  benefit  of  his  very 
enfeebled  health  proceeded  again  to  France. 
But  a  fatal  consumption  termi.iated  his  life  a  few 
days  after  his  arrival  at  Marseillf  s.  His  funeral 
was  attended  by  many  Americans  and  British. 
Mr.  Carter  was  a  very  upright  and  amiable  man, 
and  an  accomplished  scholur.  lie  was  a  poet,  as 
well  as  a  writer  of  prose ;  his  longest  poetical 
piece  is  entitled  the  P.dns  of  Imagination,  deliv- 
ered at  Dartmouth  college.  Ilis  hymn  for  Christ- 
mas is  preserved  in  Specimens  of  American 
Poetry.  —  liouton's  Cent.  Disc.  95  ;  Spec.  iii.  113. 

CARTER,  Sami.el,  M.  1).,  died  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.,  Nov.  22,  1853,  aged  74,  for  many  years  a 
phy.sician  in  old  Saybrook,  Conn.  lie  was  an 
eminent  Christian,  and  died  in  the  triumphs  of 
laith. 

CARTER,  Jamks  G.,  died  at  Chicago  in  July, 
1849,  a  graduate  of  Harvard  in  1820.  He  lived 
in  Lancaster,  and  had  the  confidence  of  his  fel- 
low citizens  in  public  life.  He  did  much  in  the 
cause  of  education.  While  on  a  tour  at  the 
west  he  was  seized  with  a  fatal  bilious  fever. 

CARTERFr,  George,  Sir,  one  of  the  propri- 
etors of  New  Jersey,  died  in  Nov.,  1082.  He 
obtained  with  Lord  Berkeley  from  the  Duke  of 
York  a  grant  of  New  Jersey,  June  23,  1C64,  the 
duke  having  received  from  the  king  a  larger  pat- 
ent, March  12.  The  name  of  New  Jersey  was 
given,  because  Carteret's  family  were  from  the 
Isle  of  Jersey.  Elizabcthtown  is  said  to  have 
been  named  from  liis  wife.  Pliilip  Carteret  was 
governor  of  New  Jersey,  with  some  mterruption. 


from  100.>  till  his  death.  After  1G70,  when  the 
division  of  the  country  was  made  by  Berkeley 
and  Carteret,  he  governed  I'.ast  Jersey.  —  Holmes, 
11.  333. 

CARTIER,  jAC(iri.s,  a  Frencli  navigator,  who 
made  iinjiortant  discoveries  in  Canada,  was  a  na- 
tive of  St.  Malo.    After  the  voyage  of  the  Cabots 
the  French  learned  the  value  of  their  discoveries, 
and  in  a  few  years  began  the  cod-fishery  upon 
the  banks  of  Newfoundland.    The  Baron  de  Levi 
is  said  to  have  tliscovered  a  \ia.xi  of  Canada  about 
1518.    In  1524  John  Verazzana,  a  Florentine,  in 
the  service  of  France,  ranged  the  coast  of  the 
new  continent  from  Florida  to  Newfoundland. 
From  a  subsequent  voyage  in  1525  he  never  re- 
turned, and  it  is  supposed  that  he  was  cut  to 
pieces  and  devouretl  by  the  savages.    His  fate 
discouraged  other  attempts  to  discover  the  new 
world,  till  the  importance  of  having  a  colony  in 
the  neighborhood  of  the  fisliing  banks  induced 
Francis  I.  to  send  out  Cartier  in  1534.    The  king 
said:  "The  kings  of  Spain   and  Portugal  are 
taking  possession  of  the  new  world,  without  giv- 
ing me  a  part ;  I  should  be  glad  to  see  the  article 
in  Adam's  last  will,  which  gives  them  America." 
Cartier  sailed  from  St.  Malo  April  20,  with  two 
ships  of  sixty  tons  and  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
two  men.    On  the  tenth  of  May  he  came  in  sight 
of  Bonavista,  on  the  Island  of  Newfoundland  { 
but  the  ice  obliged  him  to  go  to  the  south,  and 
he  entered    a    harbor  at  the  distance  of  five 
leagues,  to  which  he  gave  the  name  of  St.  Cath- 
erine.   As  soon  as  the  season  would  permit,  he 
sailed  northward  and  entered  the  straits  of  Bell- 
isle.    In  this  voyage  he  visited  the  greater  part 
of   the  coast  which  surrounds  the  gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence,  and  took  possession  of  the  country  in 
the  name  of  the  king ;  he  discovered  a  bay,  which 
ho  called  Bii\  ^  des  Chaleurs,  on  account  of  the 
sultry  vvcathci   v  ukii  ho  experienced  in  it;  he 
sailed  so  ftxr  into  the  great  river,  afterwards  called 
the  St.  Lawrence,  as  to  discover  land  on  the  op- 
posite side.    August  15,  he  set  sail  on  his  return, 
and  arrived  at  St.  Malo  on  the  fifth  of  September. 

When  his  discoveries  were  known  in  France,  it 
was  determined  to  make  a  settlement  in  that  part 
of  America  which  he  had  visited.  Accordingly, 
in  the  following  year  he  received  a  more  ample 
commission  and  was  equipped  with  three  vessels. 
When  ho  was  ready  to  depart,  he  went  to  the 
cathedral  church  with  his  whole  company,  and 
the  bishop  gave  them  his  benediction.  Ho  sailed 
May  19,  1535.  Ho  experienced  a  severe  storm 
on  his  passage,  but  in  July  he  reached  the  des- 
tined port.  He  entered  the  gulf,  as  in  the  pre- 
ceding year,  being  accompanied  by  a  number  of 
young  men  of  distinction.  He  sailed  up  the  St. 
Lawrence  and  discovered  an  island,  which  he 
named  Bacchus,  but  which  is  now  called  Orleans, 
in  the  neighborhood  of  Quebec.    This  island  was 


196 


CARTIER. 


CARVER. 


full  of  inhabitant)!,  who  subsisted  by  flsbln<^.  lie 
went  on  shore  anil  the  nativrsbrou|;lit  him  Indian 
com  for  his  refrcslnnent.  With  his  jjinnace  and 
two  boats  ho  jirocccdcd  up  the  river  as  far  as  Iloch- 
clagn,  a  Rottlcmcnt  u])on  an  Island,  which  he 
called  Mont-royal,  but  wliich  is  now  called  Mon- 
treol.  In  this  Indian  town  were  nl)nut  iifty  lonj; 
huts,  built  with  stakes,  and  covered  with  bark. 
The  people  lived  mostly  by  fishin;;  and  tillage. 
They  hud  corn,  beans,  squashes,  and  ijumjikins. 
In  two  or  three  day.s  he  set  out  on  his  return,  and 
arrived  Oct.  4  at  St.  Croix,  not  far  from  (Juebec, 
now  called  Jacques  Cortier's  river.  Hero  he 
passed  the  winter.  In  Dec.,  the  scurvy  began  to 
make  its  aiijiearancc  among  the  natives,  and  in  a 
(ihort  time  L'artier's  company  were  seized  by  the 
disorder.  Uy  the  middle  of  Feb.,  of  one  him- 
dred  and  ten  j)ersons,  fifty  were  sick  at  once,  and 
eight  or  ten  had  died.  In  this  extremity  he  ap- 
pointed a  day  of  humiliation.  A  cruciiix  was 
placed  on  a  tree,  a  procession  of  those  who  were 
able  to  walk  was  formed,  and  at  the  close  of  the 
devotional  exercises  Cartier  made  a  vow,  that 
"  if  it  should  ])leaso  God  to  jiermit  him  to  return 
to  France,  he  would  go  in  pilgrimage  to  our  lady 
of  llotjucmado."  The  sick  were  all  healed  by 
using  a  meilicino  which  was  em])Ioyed  with  suc- 
cess by  the  natives.  This  was  a  decoction  of  the 
leaves  and  hark  of  a  tree.  The  liquor  was  drank 
ever  other  day,  and  an  external  application  was 
made  to  the  legs.  Charlevoix  says  the  tree  was 
that  which  yielded  tur])entiuc,  and  Dr.  Belknap 
thinks  it  was  the  spruce  pine.  In  I»Iay  he  set 
sail  on  his  return  to  France,  carrying  off  with 
him  Donnaconna,  the  Indian  king  of  the  country, 
and  nine  other  natives,  all  of  whom,  but  a  little 
girl,  died  in  France.  Ho  arrived  at  St.  Malo 
July  6,  1536. 

At  the  end  of  four  years  a  third  expedition  was 
projected.  Frangois  de  la  Roque,  Lord  of  Ro- 
berval,  was  commissioned  by  the  king  as  his 
lieutenant  governor  in  Canada ;  and  Cartier  was 
appointed  his  pilot,  with  the  command  of  five 
ships,  liis  commission,  which  may  be  seen  in  Haz- 
ard's collections,  being  dated  Oct.  17,  1510.  lie 
sailed,  however,  May  23,  1540,  to  Newfoundland 
and  Canada.  Aug.  23,  he  arrived  at  Uio  haven 
of  St.  Croix,  in  the  river  St.  Lawrence ;  about 
four  leagues  above  that  place,  on  a  cliff,  at  the 
east  side  of  the  mouth  of  a  small  river,  he  built 
a  fort,  which  he  called  Charlesbourg.  This  was 
near  Quebec.  In  the  spring  of  1542  ho  deter- 
mmed  to  return  to  France,  and  accordingly  in  June 
arrived  at  Saint  John's,  in  Newfoundland,  on  his 
■way  home.  Here  he  met  Roberval,  who  did  not 
accompany  him  in  his  voyage,  and  who  had  been 
detained  till  this  time.  He  was  ordered  to  return 
to  Canada,  but  he  chose  to  pursue  his  voyage  to 
France,  and  sailed  out  of  the  harbor  privately  in 
the  night.    Roberval  attempted  to  establish  a 


colony,  but  it  was  soon  broken  up,  and  the 
Frendi  did  not  establish  themselves  permanently 
in  Canada  till  after  the  expiration  of  half  a 
century. 

Cartier  published  memoirs  of  Canada  after  his 
second  voyage.  The  names  which  he  gave  to 
islands,  rivers,  &c.,  are  now  entirely  changed.  In 
this  work  ho  shows  that  he  possessed  a  good 
share  of  the  credulity  or  the  exaggeration  of 
travellers.  liehig  one  day  in  the  chase,  he  saya 
that  he  jmrsucd  a  beast  which  had  but  two  legs, 
and  which  ran  with  astonishing  raj)idity.  This 
strange  animal  was  probably  on  Indian,  clothed 
with  the  skin  of  some  wild  beast.  He  speaks 
also  of  human  monsters  of  diH'erent  kinds,  of 
which  accounts  had  been  given  him.  Some  of 
them  lived  without  eating.  —  Uelknap's  Amer, 
liiog.  I.  159-184;  Vharhroix,  IniroA.  X\.  \  I. 
8-22.  edition  4toj  Ilakhnjt,  III.  180,201-240; 
Holmes,  I. ;  Prince,  Introd.  89,  90,  i)3 ;  Purchas. 
I.  931,  932;  V.  1G05 ;  Forsfer's  Vogage,  337, 
44o;  Universal  Ilistorg,  XXXIX.  407. 

CAKTWRIGIIT,  Gkougi;,  colonel,  was  one  of 
King  Charles'  commissioners  to  New  England, 
with  Nicolls,  Carr,  and  Maverick,  in  1CG4.  AVhen 
the  commissioners,  on  their  arrival  at  Loston, 
informed  the  general  court  that  they  should  next 
day  sit  and  hear  a  cause  against  the  governor  and 
company,  the  court  published  "by  sound  of 
trumpet"  its  disapprobation  of  this  proceeding, 
and  prohibited  oil  persons  from  abetting  it.  Thus 
early  and  boldly  was  the  note  of  liberty  sounded. 
The  commissioners,  finding  that  they  had  to  do 
with  stiff-necked  men,  soon  went  away  in  dis- 
pleasure. In  Cartwright's  voyage  to  England  in 
1665,  he  was  taken  by  the  Dutch,  and  lost  his 
papers,  and  hardly  escaped  with  his  life.  Hub- 
bard says  they  put  into  his  mouth  a  gag,  which 
he  had  "  threatened  to  some  in  New  England, 
that  pleased  him  not."  The  loss  of  his  papers 
was  deemed  a  benefit  to  the  colonies,  us  his  prej- 
udices were  strong  against  them,  and  as  the 
papers  would  have  been  employed  for  purposes 
of  mischief.  — Holmes,  I.  338 ;  Hist  Coll.  VI.  579. 

CARVER,  John,  first  governor  of  Plymouth 
colony,  died  in  April,  1621,  only  about  four  months 
after  the  landing  of  the  pilgrims.  He  was  a  na- 
tive of  England,  and  was  among  the  emigrants  to 
Leyden,  who  composed  Mr.  Robinson's  church  in 
that  place.  When  a  removal  to  America  was 
contemplated,  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  agents 
to  negotiate  with  the  Virginia  company  in  Eng- 
land for  a  suitable  territory.  He  obtained  a  pat- 
ent in  1019,  and  in  the  following  year  came  to 
New  England  with  the  first  company.  Two  ves- 
sels had  been  procured,  the  one  called  the  Speed- 
well and  the  other  the  Mayflower,  which  sailed 
from  Southampton,  carrying  one  hundred  and 
twenty  passengers,  Aug.  5,  1620.  As  one  of  the 
vessels  proved  leaky,  they  both  put  into  Dart- 


CARVER. 

mouth  for  rei)air(i.    Thry  put  to  sea  ngnin  Aup. 
21  i   but  the  Kiuno  ciiUNf,  nfter  tlicy  hiul  KiiiUil 
about  one  luuulrcd  linfjurs,  olili^'cd  them  to  put 
buck  to  riymo\ith.     Tlic    SpiedwcU  wuh  there 
pronounced  unlit  for  the  voya-^e.     About  twenty 
of  tlic  piiNsenf^ers  went  on    nhorc.     The  otlierH 
were   received   on   l)oard   tlie  Mayflower,  which 
Bailed  with  one  hundred  jmsscnj^erd,  besides  the 
ship's  oflicers   and  crew,   Sept.  (I.     ])urin};  the 
voyage  the  weather  was  unfavorable,  and  the  ship 
being  leaky,  the  peo])lc  were  almost  continually 
wet.    One  young  man  died  at  sea,  and  u  child 
wos  born,  the  sou  of  Stej)hen  Iloijkins,  which  was 
called  Oceanus.      Nov.    0,   they   discovered   the 
white,  sandy  shores  of  Capo  Cod.    As  this  land 
was  nortliward  of  Hudson's  river,  to  which  they 
were    destined,  the    sliip    was  immediately  put 
about  to  the  southward ;  but  the  appearance  of 
breakers  and  the  danger  from  shoals,  together 
with  the  engerness  of  the  women  and  children  to 
be  set  on  shore,  induced  thera  to  shift  their  course 
again  to  the  north.    The  next  day  the  northern 
extremity  of  the  cape  was  doubled ;  and,  on  the 
second  day  after  the  discovery  of  land  the  ship 
was  safely  anchored  in  the  harbor  of  Cape  Cod. 
As  they  were  without  the  territory  of  the  south 
Virginia  company,  from  whom  they  had  received 
the  charter,  which  was  thus  rendered  useless,  and 
OS  they  perceived  the  absolute  necessity  of  gov- 
ernment, it   was   thought   proper,  before   they 
landed,  that  a    political   association   should    be 
formed,  intrusting  all  powers  in  the  hands  of  the 
majority.    Accordingly,  after  solemn  prayers  and 
thanksgiving,  a  written  instrument  was  subscribed, 
Nov.  11, 16'20,  by  forty-one  persons  out  of  the  whole 
number  of  passengers  of  all  descriptions  on  boai'd. 
Mr.  Carver's  name  stood  first,  and  he  was  unani- 
mously elected  governor  for  one  year.    Among  the 
other  names  were  those  of  Bradford,  Winslow, 
Brewster,  AUerton,  Standish,  Alden,  Fuller,  War- 
ren, Hopkins,  White,  Rogers,  and  Cook.    Govern- 
ment being  thus  regularly  established  on  a  truly  re- 
jmblican  prmciple,  sixteen  armed  men  were  sent  on 
shore  the  same  day  to  procure  wood  and  make 
discoveries.    They  returned  at  night,  having  seen 
no  house  nor  a  human  being.    The  next  day, 
Sunday,  was  observed  as  a  day  of  rest.    While 
they  lay  in  this  harbor,  during  the  space  of  five 
weeks,  several    excursions  were   made    by  the 
direction  of  the  governor.    In  one  of  thera  Mr. 
Bradford's  foot  was  caught  in  a  deer-trap,  which 
was  made  by  bending  a  yoimg  tree  to  the  earth, 
with  a  noose  under  ground,  covered  with  acorns. 
But  liis  companions  disengaged  him  from   his 
unpleasant  situation.    An  Indian  burying-grouud 
was  discovered,  and  in  one  of  the  graves  were 
found  a  mortar,   an  earthen   pot,  a  bow  and 
arrows,  and  other  implements,  all  of  which  were 
carefully  replaced.    A  more  important  discovery 
was  a  cellar,  filled  with  seed-corn  in  ears,  of  which 


C.VR\'ER. 


197 


they  took  on  miich  as  they  coidd  carry  away, 
alter  reasoning  for  Honie  tiuu-  ujion  the  morality 
of  the  action,  ond  resolving  to  t.utisfy  the  owners 
when  they  should  find  them.  In  other  expedi- 
tions "a  number  of  bushels  of  com  were  obtained, 
ihe  acqiiisition  of  which,  at  a  time  when  it  was 
much  needed,  they  regarded  as  a  ])eculiar  favor 
of  Divine  ])roridcnce.  In  six  monlliH  the  owners 
were  remunerated  to  their  entire  satisfaction. 

On  Wednesday,  Dec.  (i,  governor  Carver  him- 
self, with  nine  of  the  principal  men,  well  armed, 
and  the  same  number  of  seamen,  set  sail  in  the 
shallop  to  make  further  disf  overies.    The  weather 
was  so  cold,  that  the  spray  of  the  sea  froze  on 
their  coats,  till  they  were   cased  with  ice,  like 
coats  of  iron.    They  coasted  along  the  cape,  and 
occasionally  a  jiarty  was  set  on  shore.     At  the 
dawn  of  day  on  Friday,  Dec.  8,  those  who  were 
on  the  land  were  surprised  by  the  sudden  war- 
crj'  of  the  natives,  and  a  flight  of  arrows.    They 
immediately  seized  their  arms,  and  on  the  first 
discharge  of  musketry  the  Indians  fled.    Eighteen 
arrows  were  taken  up,  headed  either  with  brass, 
deer's  horns,  or  bird's  claws,  which  they  sent  as  a 
present  to  their  friends  in  England.    As   they 
sailed  along  the  shore,  they  were  overtaken  by  a 
storm,  and  the  rudder  being  broken,  and  the  shal- 
lop driven  into  a  cove  full  of  breakers,  they  all 
exjjected  to  perish.     By  much  exertion,  however, 
they  came  to  anchor  in  a  fair  sound  under  a  point 
of  land.    While  they  were  divided   in  opinion 
with  respect  to  landing  at  this  place,  the  severity 
of  the  weather  comjjelled  them  to  go  on  shore. 
In  the  morning  of  Saturday  they  found  them- 
selver,  on  a  small  uninhabited  island,  which  has 
ever  since  borne  the  name  of  Clarke's  island, 
from  the  mate  of  the  ship,  the  first  man  who 
stepped  upon  it.    As  the  next  day  was  the  Chris- 
tian Sabbath,  they  appropriated  it  to  those  relig- 
ious purposes  for  which  it  was  set  apart.    On 
Monday,  Dec.   11,  they  surveyed  tho  bay,  and 
went  ashore  upon  the  main  land,  at  the  place 
which  they  call  Plj-mouth ;  and  a  part  of  the  very 
rock,  on  which  they  first  set  their  feet,  is  now  in 
the  jjublic  square  of  the  town,  and  is  distinguished 
by  the  name  of  the  "  Forefathers'  rock."    The  day 
of  their  landing,  Dec.  11th,  in  the  old  style,  was 
many  years  ago  by  mistake  adjudged  to  be  Dec. 
22d,  in  our  new  style,  by  the  addition  of  eleven 
days  instead  of  ten :  and  Dec.  22d  has  been  cel- 
ebrated as  an  annual  festival.   But  probably  here- 
after the  true  day,  Dec.  2lKt,  will  be  celebrated. 
As  they  marched  into   the  country  they  found 
cornfields,  and  brooks,  and  an  excellent  situation 
for  building.     With  the   news  of  their  success 
they  returned  to  their  company,  and,  Dec.  16,  the 
ship  came  to  anchor  in  the  harbor.    The  high 
ground  on  the  southwest  side  of  the  bay  was 
pitched  upon   as  the   site  of  the  contemplated 
town,  and  a  street  and  house  lots  were  immedi- 


198 


CARVER. 


CARVER. 


11  ! 


atcly  laid  out.    It  wan  also  resolved  to  jilnnt  their 
ordiiiiiiice   iijioii   a  cotniiiaiiclin^    I'luiiicticc,  lliat 
overlooked   ihe  |i!aiii.     llel'ore  the  end  iil'  Dec, 
they  had  erected  a  NtorehouHu  with  a  ilialehed 
roof,  in  which  their  ^oodH  were  de|)ONited  under 
a  guard.    'I'wo  rowH  of  liouNeN  were  l)ef,Min,  and 
anfaiit  as  they  could  he  covered,  the  |)eoi)le,  who 
were  clanNed  into  nineteen  families,  eiunc  ashore, 
and  lodged  in  them.    On  the  last  of  Dec,  the 
puhlic   Kervices  of  relifjion  were  attended  for  the 
flrHt  time  on  Ihe  shore,  aiul  the  place  waH  named 
I'lymouth,  lioth  hecaune  it  was  ko  called  in  C'apt. 
SmithV  mail,  |lullli^hed  a  few  yearn  before,  and  in 
remembrance  of  the  kind  treatment  which  they 
had  received  from  the  lidiabitantH  of  I'lymouth, 
the  last  i)ort  of  their  native  country  from  which 
they  nailed.     The  nevere  hardshipN  to  wliieh  this 
company  were  expoHed  in  ho  rif^orous  a  climate, 
and  the  Hcorbiific  habitH,  contracted  by  livinfj  ho 
long  on  board  the  ship,  caused  a  great  mortality 
among  them,  so  that  before  the  montli  of  Ajjril 
near  one  half  of  them   died.    Gov.  Car\'er  was 
hlmHolf  dangerously  ill  in  January.    On  the  14th 
of  that  month,  as  lie  lay  nick  at  the  Rtorehouse, 
the  building  took  fire  by  means  of  the  thatched 
roof,  and  it  wa.s  with  dilficulty  that  the  stock  of 
ammunition  was  j)reHerved.     Uy  the  beginning 
of  March  he  was  so  far  recovered  of  his  first 
illness,  that  he  was  able  to  walk  three  miles  to 
visit  a  large  pond,  which  had  been  discovered 
from  the  top  of  a  tree  by  Francis   liillington, 
whose  name  it  has  since  liorne.     None  of  the 
natives  were  seen  before  the  sickness  among  the 
planters    had    abated.      The    pestilence,  which 
raged   in   the  country  four    years    before,  had 
almost   de])0])ulated  it.    March  IGth,  a  savage 
came  boldly  into  the   town   alone,  and  to  the 
astonishment  of  the  emigrants  addressed  them  in 
these  words,  "  Welcome,  Knglishmen !  Welcome, 
Englishmen!"    His  name  was  Samosct,  and  he 
was  lord,  or  sagamore  of  Moratiggon,  distant  five 
days' journey  to  the  eastward.    He  had  learned 
broken  English  of  the  fishermen  in  his  country. 
By  him   the  governor  was  informed,  that  the 
place  where  they  now  were  was  called  I'atuxet, 
and,  though  it  was  formerly  ])oj)u1ouh,  that  every 
human  being  had   died  of  the  late   pestilence. 
This  account  was  confirmed  by  the  extent  of  the 
deserted  fields,  the  number  of  graves,  and  the 
remnants    of  skeletons  lying   on  the    ground. 
Being  dismissed  with  a  present,  he  returned  the 
next  day  with  five  of  the  Indians,  who  lived  in 
the  neighborhood,  and  who  brought  a  few  skins 
for  trade.    He  was  sent  out  again  in  a  few  days, 
and,  March  22d,  returned  with  Squanto,  the  only 
native  of  Patuxet  then  living.     Having  been  car- 
ried off  in  1G14  by  a  Ca])tain  Hunt  of  Smith's 
fleet,  who  in  his  voyage  from  Virginia  to  Malaga 
visited  I'lymouth  and  treacherously  seized  him 
and  twenty-six  others  of  the  natives,  he  escaped 


the  pestilence,  which  desolated  the  cntmtry. 
They  were  Hold  at  Malaga  at  '.'I)  pounds  a  man. 
As  K'veiiil  of  iheNC  Indians  were  rescued  fnun 
slavery  by  some  lienevolent  monks  at  .Malaga, 
S(|uanto  was  |irobably  thus  set  at  lilierty.  Ho 
had  leariu'd  the  Englinh  language  at  London,  and 
eanu'  back  to  his  native  country  with  the  (isher- 
meii.  They  informed  the  plaiiterH,  that  Mas.i-as- 
Hoit,  the  Haehem  of  the  luighlioriiig  Indians,  was 
near  with  his  brother  and  a  ntnnber  of  his  peo- 
ple; and  within  an  hour  he  appeared  on  the  top 
of  a  hill  over  against  the  I'lnglish  town  wnn  a 
train  of  sixty  men.  Mutual  distrust  prevented 
for  some  time  any  advances  upon  either  sidej  but 
.Mr.  Winslow  being  sent  to  the  Indian  king  with 
a  coj)per  chain  aiul  two  knives,  with  a  friendly 
message  from  the  governor,  the  sachem  wag 
pleased  to  descend  from  the  hill,  accom])anicd 
by  twenty  men  unarnu'd.  ('apt.  Standish  met 
him  at  the  brook  at  the  head  of  six  men  with 
muskets,  and  escorted  him  to  one  of  the  best 
houses,  where  three  or  four  cushions  were  ])laced 
on  n  green  rug,  spread  over  the  floor.  The  gov- 
ernor came  in,  preceded  by  a  drum  aiul  trumi)et, 
the  sound  of  which  greatly  delighted  the  Indians. 
After  mutual  salutations,  the  governor  kisshig  his 
majesty's  hand,  refreshments  were  ordered.  A 
league  of  friendshij)  was  then  agreed  on,  which 
was  inviolably  observed  for  above  fifty  years. 
The  articles  of  the  treaty  were  the  following, 
"  that  neither  he  nor  his  should  injure  any  of 
ours ;  that,  if  they  did,  ho  shoidd  send  the  of- 
fender, that  ■  fe  might  iiunish  him  j  that  if  our 
tools  were  'aken  away,  he  should  restore  them  ; 
and  if  ours  did  any  harm  to  any  of  his,  v  c  would 
do  the  lik ;  to  thenii  that  if  any  inijustly  warred 
against  liim,  we  would  aid  him,  and  if  any  warred 
against  us  he  should  aid  us ;  that  he  should  cer- 
tify his  neighbor  confederates  of  this,  that  they 
might  not  wrong  us,  but  be  eom])riscd  in  the  con- 
ditions of  peace ;  that,  when  their  men  came  to 
us,  they  should  leave  their  bows  and  arrows 
behind  them,  as  we  should  leave  our  jjieces,  when 
we  came  to  them ;  that  in  doing  thus  king  James 
would  esteem  him  as  his  friend  and  ally."  After 
the  treaty,  the  governor  conducted  Massassoit  to 
the  brook,  where  they  embraced  each  other  and 
parted. 

The  next  day,  March  23,  a  few  laws  were  en- 
acted, and  Mr.  Carver  was  confirmed  as  governor 
for  the  following  year.  In  the  beginning  of  Aj)ril, 
twenty  acres  of  land  were  jjreparcd  for  the  re- 
ception of  Indian  com,  and  Samoset  and  Squanto 
taught  the  emigrants  how  to  plant,  and  dress 
it  with  herrings,  of  which  an  immense  quan- 
tity came  into  the  brooks.  Six  acres  were  sowed 
with  barley  and  peas.  While  they  were  engaged 
in  this  labor  in  April,  the  governor  came  out  of  the 
field  at  noon,  coni]ilaining  of  a  paiu  in  his  head, 
caused  by  the  heat  of  the  sun.    In  a  few  hours  it 


CAnVEU. 


CARVER. 


199 


Iwere  en- 
Tovcmor 
[of  April, 
the  re- 
ISqunnto 
|id  dress 
le  quan- 
te  sowed 
lengaged 
lut  of  the 
liis  head, 
1  hours  it 


deprived  him  of  hin  ncnuc*,  and  in  n  few  dnyn 

put  nil  fiid  to  ills  lil'r.to  Ihr  Krciil  criif  (if  thi'  iii- 
i'uut  plaiilalioii.  lie  wiim  Imiitd  witli  nil  tlie  holi- 
or«  wliiih  coidd  lie  paid  to  IiIn  memory.  'I'hc 
men  were  under  aniix,  and  fired  neveral  voiieyx 
<iver  hiH  j;iii\e.  lli^  leilile  wile,  Cat iierine,  over- 
eoiiif  liy  lirr  Iokm,  Hurvived  liiin  liut  hix  weeiiM.  In 
one  of  iii!<  letlerN  to  (iov.  ('.,  ItoliiiiNdn  xaNs,  eon- 
ceriiiuf;  Iht,  "  Your  ^""d  wile,  my  lovin){  sister." 
AVliellier  he  meant  <inly  a  Cinistian  n'mtvr  in  not 
known.  AViien  he  arrived,  liiere  were  eif{ht  per- 
lonn  in  hin  family  ;  Init  he  left  no  nod  nor  daughter  ; 
and  eoiiKCMpa-nlly  there  are  no  desieiidaiitN.  The 
Mr.  ('.,  who  died  in  Manslield,  n^'cd  102,  mij^ht 
have  lieen  the  grandcon  of  a  lirother. 

Governor  Carver  was  dintinguished  f<ir  his  pru- 
dence, integrity,  and  fii'nnies.s.  lie  had  a  good 
estate  in  I'lngland,  which  he  Hpeiit  in  the  emigra- 
tion to  Holland  and  America.  He  exerted  hini- 
iielf  to  promote  the  interests  of  the  colony  ;  he 
bore  a  large  share  of  its  sulleringsj  and  the  ]ie(i|ile 
confided  in  him  as  their  friend  and  father.  I'iety, 
humility,  and  lienevolence  were  eminent  traits  in 
his  character.  In  the  time  of  the  general  sick- 
ness which  liefell  the  colony,  atU>r  he  had  him- 
self recovered,  he  was  assiduous  in  attending  the 
sick  and  performing  the  most  humiliating  services 
for  them,  without  any  distinction  of  jiersons  or 
characters.  He  was  succeeded  in  the  ollice  of  gov- 
ernor by  Mr.  Uradford.  The  broadsword  of  (lov. 
Carver  is  dejiosited  in  the  cabinet  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts historical  society  in  Boston.  A  town  in 
the  county  of  I'lymouth  is  named  Carver.  Other 
pilgrim  fathers  have  been  thus  honored,  as  lirad- 
Ibrd  and  Urewster.  —  lidknap's  American  liiaij. 
II.  179-210 i  I'rlnce,  GO-lOl;  llulmes,  I.  lo'l, 
1C8;  Putrhns,  V.  1H13-18J0;  Unicers.  Hist., 
XXXIX.  212 ;  Need's  2\'.  E.  I.  99 ;  Davin'  Morton, 
38-«8. 

CAllVEU,  JoxATlLm.an  enterjirising  traveller, 
died  in  l"8((,  aged  48.  He  was  a  native  of  Con- 
necticut and  was  born  in  1732.  He  lost  his  father, 
who  was  a  justice  of  the  peace,  when  he  was  only 
five  years  of  age.  He  was  intended  for  the  pro- 
fession of  medicine,  which  he  quitted  for  a  military 
life.  In  the  Trench  war  he  commanded  an  inde- 
pendent comjiany  of  jirovincials  in  the  cxjiedition, 
carried  on  across  the  lakes  against  Canada.  He 
served  with  rejmtation  till  the  jieace  of  17(i3. 
Alter  this  he  formed  the  resolution  of  oxjiloring 
the  most  interior  parts  of  Xorlh  America  and  of 
even  penetrating  to  the  Pacific  ocean,  over  that 
broad  part  of  the  continent  which  lies  between 
the  forty-third  and  the  forty-sixth  degrees  of  north 
latitude.  As  the  English  had  come  in  possession 
of  a  vast  territory  by  the  conquest  of  Canada,  he 
wished  to  render  this  acquisition  profitable  to  his 
country,  while  he  gratified  his  taste  for  adven- 
tures, lie  believed,  that  the  French  had  inten- 
tionally kept  other  nations  ignorant  of  the  interior 


pnrtu  of  North  America.  Hi-  hoped  to  faeilitate 
the  (liMiivery  of  a  northwest  passage,  or  of  a 
eiimmunieation  lietuerM  lliidxon'N  bay  and  the 
I'acitie  ocean.  If  be  coidd  illect  the  otalilishmcnt 
of  a  post  on  the  straits  of  .\nnian,  he  supposed  hu 
hhiiiiJd  thus  open  a  cliainicl  Inr  (iinvcuug  intelli- 
gence to  China  and  the  English  seltleinents  in 
the  I'.ast  Indies  nilh  greater  expedition  than  by 
a  tedious  voyage  by  the  cape  of  liood  Hojie,  or 
the  straits  of  .Magellan. 

With  these  views  he  set  out  from  Iloston  in 
17)itl,  and  in  September  of  that  year  arrived  at 
MicliiilinuK'kinac,  the  most  interior  ]''.nglish  ]i<ist. 
lie  ajiplied  to  the  governor,  Mr.  Rogers,  to  fur- 
nish him  with  a  proper  assortment  of  goods,  as  a 
present  for  the  Indians  living  on  the  track  which 
he  inteiuled  to  pursue.  Receiving  a  siqiply  in 
part,  it  was  jiromised,  that  the  renuiinder  should 
be  sent  to  him,  when  be  reached  the  falls  of  St. 
Anthony  in  the  river  Mississijijii.  Inconsecpieneo 
of  the  failure  of  the  goods  he  found  it  necessary  to 
return  to  la  I'rairie  du  Chien  in  thes]iring  of  17(i7, 
having  sjient  the  preceding  winter  atnong  the 
Xaudoussee  of  the  plains,  on  the  river  St.  I'ierre, 
fourteen  Inmdred  miles  west  of  Michillimaekiimc. 
Heing  thus  retarded  in  his  progress  westward,  ho 
determined  to  direct  his  course  northward,  that, 
by  finding  a  communication  between  the  Missis- 
si]ipi  ai>d  lake  Su]ierior,  he  might  meet  the  tra- 
ders at  the  grand  jiortage  on  the  north-west  side 
of  the  lake.  Of  them  he  intended  to  ]mrchasc 
the  goods  which  he  needed,  and  then  to  jiursue 
his  journey  by  the  way  of  the  lakes  la  I'luye,  Du- 
bois, and  Ouinipique  to  the  heads  of  the  river  of 
the  west.  He  reached  lake  Superior,  before  the 
traders  had  returned  to  Michillimuckinac,  but  they 
could  not  furnish  him  witli  goods.  Thus  disap- 
jiointcd  a  second  time,  be  continued  some  months 
on  the  north  and  east  borders  of  hike  Superior, 
exploring  the  bays  and  rivers,  which  empty  them- 
selves into  that  large  body  of  water,  and  carefully 
observing  the  natural  productions  of  the  country, 
and  the  customs  and  maimers  of  the  inhabitants. 
He  arrived  at  Roston  in  Oct.,  lldH,  having  been 
absent  on  this  exjiedition  two  years  and  five 
months,  and  during  that  time  travelled  near 
seven  thousand  miles. 

As  soon  as  he  had  properly  digested  his  jour- 
nal and  charts,  he  went  to  rjighind  to  jiublish 
them.  On  his  arrival  be  jiresented  a  petition  to 
his  majesty  in  council,  for  a  reimbursement  of  the 
sums  which  he  had  exiieiided  in  the  service  of 
government.  This  was  referred  to  the  lords 
commissioners  of  trade  and  plantations,  by  whom 
he  was  examined  in  regard  to  his  discoveries. 
Having  obtauicd  iiermission  to  jmblish  his  pajiers, 
he  disposed  of  them  to  a  bookseller.  When 
they  were  almost  reudy  for  the  press,  an  order 
was  issued  from  the  council  board,  requiring  him 
to  deliver  into  the  plantation  office  all  his  charts 


200 


CAliY. 


:p< 


and  joiimnN,  with  rvrry  pnppr  rrlntltiR  to  the 
(liN('ov('ri('H\«liii  h  lie  liml  iiiadi'.  In  iinliT  looliry 
tliJK  ('oiniiiiiiiil  he  wiiM  (ilili){i'il  Id  rc|iiir('liiiNi' tliciii 
friiin  till'  liiMikNi'llrr.  It  wun  not  until  ten  yciirN 
nflcr,  tlinl  lie  piililislicd  nn  nccoiint  of  lii^  tnivclN. 
Ilcin^  (liNiippoii)t('il  in  liiH  liopcs  of  prcrcriiicnt, 
hi'  l)('('!iini'  clerk  of  the  lottery.  Ah  lie  milil  liist 
name  to  ii  liixtoricnl  eoiiipiliition,  ^\lliell  wiim  piili- 
lislied  ill  177!»,  in  folio,  entitled  the  New  I'liiverHttl 
Traveller,  eoiitiiiiiinK  iin  lU'couiit  of  all  the  eni- 
pircN,  kiii^doniM,  mid  NtateH  in  the  known  world, 
liu  waN  aliaiidoned  liy  those  wlioNe  duty  it  waH  to 
Hup]iort  him,  and  he  <lied  in  want  of  the  rdiiimon 
ni'cesNarie.s  of  life.  H is  wife  lived  at  Moiita;,'UP 
in  1707.  lie  piililiNhed  a  tniet  on  the  culture  of 
tobacco,  and  travels  tliruu^h  the  interior  parts  of 
North  America  in  tho  years  I7()(i,  1707,  and  17(>H, 
London,  Hvo.  177S.  An  edition  of  this  work  was 
|)ulilished  at  lloston  in  17!»7. —  /iilriitliirlinn  In 
Ill's  Tnifcl.i;  Xfir  ninl  Uenenil  liimjnijihical 
VirtioiKlii/  ;     Will  hill/1. 

CAJIY,  Thomas,  niinister  in  Newlmryporf, 
Mass.,  died  Nov.  2»,  IHOS,  n^ed  (i.'J.  lie  wiis  the 
Bon  of  Samuel  Cary,  of  Charlestown,  and  was 
born  Oct.  IS,  Kil.'i,  and  grudiiated  nt  Harvard 
collefjc  in  1701.  AVhile  ])rei)nrinff  for  the  sacred 
ottice,  ho  resided  In  Haverhill,  where  ho  enjoyed 
the  instructions  of  Mr.  Itarnard,  whom  he  re- 
S])ected  and  loved,  lie  was  ordained  as  Hucccssor 
of  Mr.  Lowell,  jiastor  of  the  first  church  in  Nevv- 
buryport.  May  11,  1708.  One  third  of  the 
church  and  coiif^refiation,  beinj;  dissatisfied  with 
the  choice  of  Mr.  Cary,  were  formed  into  a  sc])- 
nrate  society.  For  nearly  twenty  years  ho  was 
enabled  to  jicrform  all  the  duties  of  the  minis- 
terial office  J  but  in  the  forty-third  year  of  his  age 
it  pleased  God,  liy  a  jiaralytic  stroke,  to  remove 
him  from  his  jiublic  labors.  After  this  event 
Mr.  Andrews  was  ordained  as  his  collenfjuc,  Dec. 
10, 1788.  I'^rom  this  jieriod  until  about  two  years 
before  his  death,  Mr.  Cary  was  so  far  restored  to 
health,  ns  to  be  able  occasionally  to  perform  the 
public  offices  of  religion,  lie  possessed  a  strong 
and  comiirel-cnsive  mind,  which  was  highly  culti- 
vated Iiy  r-'.  'iiig,  oliservation,  reflection,  and 
jirayer.  His  sermons  were  plain,  forcible,  senten- 
tious, and  altogether  practical.  He  was  not 
ashamed  to  be  called  a  rational  Christian.  Though 
he  read  writers  on  all  sides  of  theological  ques- 
tions, yet  those  wore  his  favorite  autliors,  who 
treated  tlie  doctrines  and  duties  of  Christianity  in 
a  rational  manner.  Candid  toward  those  who 
differed  from  him  in  ojiinion,  he  sincerely  re- 
spected the  irco  and  honest  inqu'rer  after  truth. 
His  feelings  were  keen  and  his  passions  strong ; 
but  it  was  the  great  bu  '"ef«  cf  his  life,  and  the 
subject  of  his  caniost  p.  .i^  ^  '•,  to  reduce  them  to 
the  government  o*'  'eu  .uiJ  tl  •  gospel,  ia 
the  various  relations  of  i'fu  ho  r-o  iciliated  resTiect 
and  esteem.    To  hi-^  o.'XtJiKM  ?.u  the  ministrj  lie 


CAllY. 

I  vrnn  It  (frneroun  friend,  a  wi«p  rnim«el!or,  nnd  a 
nioNt  pleanaiit  and  iniproxiiig  axNocIate.  He  ex- 
ei'lli'd  in  the  ehiirnis  of  eonverwition.  He  wiia 
held  in  very  high  esteem  for  his  piiMie  IjilHirs,  for 
sound  and  fervent  devotion,  for  judieious,  im- 
pressive, ]iath<'tir,  and  edil\iiig  discourses.  Ilc- 
tween  him  and  his  people  there  siiljNisted  an 
uncoinmon  harmony  and  afl'ectioti.  During  liiii 
long  debility  the  religion  wliieli  he  preached  ^n', 
his  support  and  solaee  In  the  leisure  whicli  wan 
now  allordcd  him,  he  took  a  peculiar  interest  in 
attending  to  the  ecclesiastical  history  of  his  coun- 
try i  and  the  fruits  of  his  stuilies  were  conspiciioim 
in  his  conversation.  As  his  disorder  increased 
upon  him,  he  sunk  into  a  state  of  insensibility, 
and  without  a  struggle  his  spirit  returned  toCiod, 
who  gave  it.  He  published  two  sermons  on  tho 
importance  of  salvation;  a  sermon  from  Matthew 
XII.  t.'(l!  at  the  funeral  of  S.  Webster,  17l)0i  the 
right  hand  of  fellowslii|i  at  the  ordination  of  J. 
Ileattie ;  tlu^  charge  at  the  ordination  of  A. 
.Moore ;  a  sermon  on  tho  last  day  of  assembling 
in  the  old  meeting-house,  Se])t.  27,  1801.  —  Aw 
dirim'  Fiinrnit  Hennnn;  I'uiKi/iliiit,  l)vc.  1808, 

CAJIY,  Sami'ki.,  minister  in  lloKton,  the  son 
of  the  jiroecdiiig,  was  graduated  at  Harvard  lol- 
lege  in  1804,  and  was  settled  as  the  colleague  of 
Dr.  rrceman  at  the  stone  chapel,  Jan.  1,  1800, 
He  died  in  Knglaiid  Oct.  22,  ISl.-j,  aged  ao.  Ho 
imblished  a  review  of  English's  "  Grounds  of 
Christianity  examined,"  1813;  also  tho  followin/j 
sermons  :  before  Merrimac  humane  society,  1800; 
at  his  ordination,  1800;  on  the  fast,  1813;  at 
Thursd.iv  lecture,  1814}  on  death  of  S.  Bulfinch, 
181". 

C  VllY,  LoTT,  an  African  minister,  died  Nov. 
I'l,  1828.  Ho  was  born  a  slave  about  thirty 
miles  beiow  Kichmond,  Va.,  on  the  estate  of  Wm. 
A.  Christian.  In  1801  he  was  hired  out  in  Rich- 
mond as  a  common  laborer.  He  was  profane 
and  much  addicted  to  into.xication.  Hut  about 
tho  year  1807  it  j)leascd  God  to  bring  him  to  re- 
Ijontanco,  and  he  became  a  member  of  the  Lap- 
tist  church,  of  which  his  father  was  a  pious 
member.  As  yet  he  was  not  able  to  read.  But 
having  a  strong  desire  to  read  the  tliird  chapter 
of  John,  on  which  he  had  heard  a  sermon,  he 
procured  a  New  Testament,  nnd  Cf)nimenced  \ 
learniivr  his  letters  in  that  chapter,  lie  V  .n'ned 
to  road  and  write.  Being  omp'  w  .^  m  :  '.  'tro 
warehouse,  and  for  his  suigular .  i ''.  .an.,  isc- 
ful  services  receiving  a  liberal  reward,  and  being 
also  assisted  by  n  subscription,  he  was  able,  soon 
afler  the  death  of  his  first  wife  in  1813,  to  ransom 
himself  and  two  children  for  8*30  dollars.  He 
soon  became  a  preacher,  and  was  emjiloyed  every 
Sabbath  among  the  colored  peojile  on  plantations 
near  liichmond.  His  desire  to  i)romote  tho 
cause  of  religion  in  Africa  induced  him  to  accom- 
pany the  iirst  band  of  emigrants  to  Africa,  sent 


CAUY. 


CABAS. 


201 


nut   liy   tliP  CfilnniMtinn   noricty   in    1'<2I.     llr 

nmcli'  NiirrlliccH  tor  thin  i)lijiTt,  for  in  1  '"  liif  rr- 
fci\c(l  i\  fiilury  lor  hit  MTviccii  in  lliitu.  ml  of 
NM)  ilolliirHi  iinil  tliin  would  liiive  litt-ti  <  <>iuinii<<l 
to  liiiii.  It  wiw  prolmlily  111"  rcHoliilKrti,  !•  *  nt  an 
onrly  porioil  iircvciitcil  tlio  nl)iuulonm<'i  nl  'ho 
Colony  of  MontHt-ritdo.  In  tlii'  liiitili->  of  Nov. 
anil  !><•<•.,  1H'J2,  111-  liriivcly  jmrtiri|  ''"'l.  Ih' 
caiil  t  "'I'licix'  Mcvi'r  hiiK  liccn  u  miimti ,  no,  not 
when  till*  balU  Mere  llyin|;  nround  my  licad,  when 
I  could  wiMh  mvNi'lf  ii^iiin  in  Anu'rica."  lie  woa 
hcidtli  otticcr  and  general  iMNpcctor.  Durinj^  tlio 
prcvalfncL'  of  the  diHcain'  of  the  climatf  ho  acted 
aH  a  phyNician,  tho  nidyonu  at  thu  time,  having 
ol.taii"  d  !■  »W!  medical  int'ormation  from  J)r. 
Aj  !■'"(,  ind  made  liberal  sacriflcoH  of  Iun  property 
;iii  ho  "^'ir,  the  Hick,  and  afllictcd.  In  March, 
Ittl^l,  'i'  iiad  one  hundred  ]mtientH.  About  IHl.') 
ho  hod  U'lNiNted  in  forminf{  in  Uichmnnd  an  Afri- 
1  'in  mlKHionary  society.  In  Africa  ho  did  not 
lorj^et  its  oiijectx,  hut  most  solicituuKly  Boii((ht 
aci'CNH  to  the  native  trihcx,  that  he  might  inNtruct 
them  in  thu  Chritttian  religion.  Through  hifi 
n\ency  u  Hchool  wan  CNtahliKhed  about  seventy 
miles  from  Monrovia.  Before  ho  soiled  for  Africa 
a  church  was  formed  at  Richmond  of  eight  or 
nine  jjerKons,  of  which  he  became  the  pastor.  In 
Sept.,  IWJO,  he  was  elected  vice-agent  of  tho  col- 
ony. Mr.  Ashraun,  who  had  iicrfect  confidence 
in  his  integrity,  good  sense,  public  spirit,  deciHion, 
and  courage,  cheerfully  committed  the  atfairs  of 
the  colony  to  his  hands,  when  ill  health  compelled 
him  to  withdraw.  For  six  months  he  was  the 
able  and  faithful  chief  of  Liberia. 

The  followuig  were  the  melancholy  circum- 
stances of  liis  death :  The  natives  robbed  a 
neighboring  factory  of  the  colony,  and,  refusing 
redress,  Mr.  Gary  called  out  the  militia  to  enforce 
his  claim  or  to  prevent  such  encroachments.  In 
the  evening  of  Xov.  8,  1828,  as  he  and  others 
were  engaged  in  making  cartridges  in  the  old 
agency  house,  a  candle  was  upset,  which  set  the 
powder  on  tire.  This  cxi)losiun  caused  the  death 
of  Mr.  Cary  and  seven  others,  though  he  survived 
till  the  lOtlh  I'erhaps  Mr.  C.  did  wrong,  when 
he  was  so  ready  to  liLrht  up  tho  torch  of  war.  In 
resolute  self-defenci.  against  unj)rovoked  attack, 
the  heroism  of  IHv'J  is  to  be  commended ;  but 
ihe  resolution  to  inarch  an  army  against  the  na- 
tives, because  they  had  jjlundored  a  small  factory, 
was  a  j)urpose  of  questionable  wisdom  and  pro- 
jji-iety.  The  accoinjjlishment  of  the  jnirpose 
niijfht  have  issued  in  llie  destruclion  of  the  colony. 
It  needed  the  >.  aim  of  peace,  that  its  roots  might 
strike  deep  and  its  branches  spread  out  wide  on 
the  African  coasts,  liesides,  the  spirit  of  war  is 
in  every  res])ect  lioitile  to  the  religion  of  Christ, 
which,  it  is  li  pid,  liie  Lilievian  colony  will  rec- 
ommend to  all  ilie  natives,  with  whom  they  have 
intercom'se.  If  tliis  last  act  was  an  errur  of 
86 


judgment  on  the  part  of  Mr.  Cary,  yet  will  ha 
ih'tierve  a  perpetual  riinembrnnre  in  the  colony, 
whose  founihitioii  he  ussisti'd  in  la}ing. 

"  Tliy  mrfX  •lull  U  ■  iintlon'i  low' 

7?>T  pnil«'  (hi*  fWnmn'*  wnnK' 
Jh»4  I«  'I"  •tnrwrmUM'd  tmnir  iihnT* 

Thmi  u>aj>t  III*  thi'Min  ivnilniiuj 
tat  bynnaof  |inil«'  rrnm  IM.  •  ]>Ma» 
fM\  oihiglo  with  wn|>bli'  tirsln*  " 

Some  of  the  letters  of  M"  Cary  ar<»  pul)lJih»'(l  in 
1  le  African  Hep.iHitory  for  Sept  ,  \H'iH.  — 4/ViVran 
/.'//(/.«.  I.  '.'.i.ii   IV,   Wl  '_>()«;  V.  10,04. 

C.MIY,  J.  .\|)I»twN,  died  in  Columbus  in  INfi'J, 
ogi'd  ;i!l,  prini'i|ial  of  il,-'  deaf  and  'himi'i  nsjlum. 

CAUY,  John,  a  ciilored  man,(ii.  1  at  Wl.^lling- 
ton  June  i!,  iMl.'l,  ii;,'ed  113  year-..  He  was  bom 
in  Virginia  in  Aug.,  IT'Jd,  ami  «n.x  Washington's 
servant  at  Hraddock's  defeat.  :<.'ul  als<i  (hiring  the 
war  of  the  Itevolutioii.  )l<'  lived  lor  the  last 
twenty-eight  years  in  Washington,  where  he  was 
a  mi'inber  of  the  first  Ilajjlist  church. 

CASAS,  IlAinii()i.(i.Hi;\v  J,.\.s,  bishop  of  Chiapa, 
died  in  lOliii  at  the  agt~  of  i)'J  lie  w.is  born  at 
Seville  in  1171,  and  was  of  i'renc  li  extraction. 
His  father,  Antonio,  who  went  'o  llispmniola  with 
Columbus  in  \l'M,  and  retiimi  lich  to  Seville  in 
ll'JS,  made  him  a  present  ol  m  Indian  slave, 
while  lie  was  jiursuing  his  stiiili  ^  at  iSalamanca. 
All  the  slaves  being  sent  back  to  Iiiir  country  by 
tho  command  of  Isabella,  Las  Casas  became 
dee])ly  interested  in  their  fuvor.  i'  I  oO'i  he  ac- 
companied Uvando  to  Ilis])aniola,  a.  id,  witnessing 
the  cruel  treatment  cxiierienced  by  the  nativei, 
he  devoted  his  whole  subsequent  life,  a  ])eriod  of 
more  than  sixty  years,  to  the  vindicu.ion  of  their 
cause  and  the  melioration  of  their  suffi'ings.  As 
a  missionary  he  traversed  the  wilder:  ess  of  the 
new  world.  As  the  champion  of  i  i  natives 
he  made  voyages  to  tho  court  of  ^  lain,  and 
vindicated  their  cause  with  his  lips  and  his  pen. 
He  was  made  bishop  of  Chiajia  in  I'dt,  and 
returned  to  Sjiain  in  1551.  After  a  iife  of 
apostolic  iutre])idity  and  zeal  he  tlied,  aad  was 
buried  at  Madrid  at  the  church  of  the  Doriinican 
convent  of  Atocha,  of  which  fraternity  he  was  a 
member.  He  has  been  justly  reproach' J  for 
lending  his  encouragement  to  the  slavery  f  the 
Africans  in  151".  The  traffic  existed  befor-  that 
]ieriod;  in  1511  Ferdinand  had  ordered  i  lany 
Africans  to  be  transported  from  Guinea  to  His- 
paniola,  since  one  negro  could  iierform  the  work 
of  four  Indians.  It  was  to  spare  the  Indians, 
undoubtedly,  that  Las  Casas  recommended  to 
Cardinal  Xiineues  the  introduction  of  nefrro 
slaves,  the  number  being  limited  to  four  thousarad. 
In  this  he  trespassed  on  the  grand  rule,  never  to 
do  evil  for  thu  sake  of  supposed  good.  lie  pub- 
lished "  a  brief  relation  of  the  dustruction  of  the 
Indians,"  about  1542.  There  was  published  at 
London,  iu  1G56,  Tears  of  the  Indians,  being  a 


If  I 


ill 


N 


Mn 


i 


202 


:^ASE. 


translation  from  I-as  Casas.  A  French  vcr'-ion 
of  his  Voyages  of  the  Sijaniards  ni)i)cari'i.  in 
1697.  J.  A.  Llorcnfc  lias  jniblishcd  a  memoir 
of  Las  Casas,  jircfixcd  to  the  collection  of  liis 
works.  The  most  important  work  of  I.as  Casas 
is  a  {,'eneral  history  of  the  Indies,  from  their  dis- 
covery in  1520,  in  '.]  vols.,  in  ni;uiiiscrii)t.  It  was 
commenced  in  loliT  at  firiy-three  years  of  nf,'e,  and 
finished  in  1550,  at  elKhfy-five.  This  work,  which 
■was  consulted  by  Ili'rrera  and  Mr.  Irving,  exists 
only  in  maniiscri])t,  the  ])u!)lication  of  it  never 
having  been  permitted  in  .S])ain,  on  account  of  its 
too  faithful  delineation  of  S])aiush  cruelty.  — 
Irvhufs  Vohnnhus,  W. 

CASI-;,  M.VUY,  died  at  Chatham,  N.  Y.,  in 
1852.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Cornelius  C,  a 
Quaker.  She  had  extraordinary  talents  and  a 
poetic  mind.  She  wrote  for  several  i)erio(licals. 
Mr.  Woodbridge,  in  his  autobiograj)h)-,  has  delin- 
eated her  character  and  published  several  of  her 
letters. 

CASS,  Jonathan,  major,  a  soldier  of  the  dev- 
olution, died  in  August,  1830,  aged  77.  He  was 
born  in  Salisbmy,  Mass.,  and  was  a  descendant 
of  Joseph  Cass,  who  lived  in  Exeter  in  IGSO. 
He  removed  to  New  Ilamjishire  in  early  lii'e. 
Ho  was  living  at  Exeter  at  the  period  of  the 
battle  of  Lexington,  and  entered  the  nrmy  the 
day  after  as  a  jjrivate  soldier.  I  le  served  during 
the  whole  llevolution,  and  attained  the  rank  of 
captain.  He  was  in  the  battles  of  liunker  Hill, 
of  Saratoga,  of  Trenton,  of  Ih'andywine,  of  Jlon- 
mouth,  of  Germantown,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
most  active  and  trjing  scenes  of  the  llcvolution- 
nry  struggle.  In  the  memorable  winter  when 
the  British  occupied  I'hiladelphia,  he  held  a  com- 
mand upon  the  lines,  under  Col.  Allen  McLanc, 
of  Delaware,  and  fully  parlici])ated  in  all  the 
dangers  and  Bufferings  of  that  critical  period. 
He  was  also  with  Sullivan  ui  his  Indian  expe- 
dition. At  the  termination  of  the  war,  he  estab- 
lished himself  at  Exeter,  where  he  married  and 
resided,  till  his  i.ppointment  in  1790  as  cajjtain  in 
the  army  then  organizing  for  the  defence  of  the 
western  frontier.  He  joined  the  army,  and  con- 
tinued to  serve  with  it  till  1800,  when  he  resigned, 
having  the  rank  of  major,  and  settled  upon  the 
bank  of  the  Muskingum,  in  Ohio,  about  fifteen 
miles  from  Zancsville.  Here  he  resided  till  his 
death.  He  was  a  man  of  strong  natural  powers, 
and  of  great  purity  of  puri)ose ;  one  of  that  band 
of  patriots  who  were  born  for  the  times  in  which 
they  lived.  He  met  death  in  his  chamber,  as  he 
had  faced  it  in  the  field,  and  observed  ujion  its 
approach,  "  this,  then,  is  death."  He  died  with 
the  liiith  of  a  Christian,  and  with  those  hopes  and 
assurances  which  Cliristianity  only  can  impart. 
Lewis  Cass  is  his  son. 

CASTILLO,  liKiixAi,  Diaz  i)i:r.,  published 
llistoria  verdadera  de  la  conquista  de  la  Nueva 


CASWELL. 

Espana,  1C92.    His  True  history  of  Mexico  was 
rc])ublished  in  Salem,  2  vols.  1S03. 

CASTLi;,  Axoklina,  wife  of  S.  N.  Castle, 
missionary  at  Honolulu,  died  in  Feb.,  1841,  aged 
.30.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Levi  Tenney,  of 
I'lainfield,  N.  Y.,  and  entered  upon  her  mission- 
ary la1)ors  in  1830.  She  said  on  her  sick  bed, 
"  Tell  my  parents  I  do  not  regret  having  devoted 
myself  to  the  missionary  work." 

CASTIN,  Saixt,  a  French  baron,  was  a  cap- 
tain in  the  regiment  of  Carignan,  which  was  sent 
from  Hungary  to  Canada  in  1CC5.  He  lived  at 
I'enobscot,  at  what  is  now  the  town  of  Castine,  in 
1G87.  The  next  year  his  trading-house  was  pil- 
laged by  the  F.nglish  in  his  absence.  He  married 
one  of  the  Abenaquis  Indians.  In  109(5  he  led 
two  lumdred  savages,  which  Charlevoix  calls  Cani- 
bas  and  Malecites,  against  Pemaquid,  associated 
with  Iberville,  the  French  commander,  and  was 
successful  in  the  capture  of  the  fort.  Capt. 
Chubb,  who  had  fifteen  cannon  and  ninety  men, 
did  not  make  a  brave  defence.  In  170C  Castin 
assisted  in  the  defence  of  Port  Royal,  and  again 
1707,  when  he  was  wounded.  His  son,  the  baron 
de  St.  Castin,  who  succeeded  him  in  the  command 
of  the  Penobscot  Indians,  was  taken  by  surjjrise 
in  Dec.  1721,  and  carried  a  prisoner  to  Boston, 
but  soon  released.  His  last  days  were  sj)ent  in 
France,  where  he  had  an  estate.  —  Charlevoix; 
IIiiMiinson;  Hist.  Coll. 

CASTNEIl,  Jacob  B.,  minister  of  Mansfield, 
N.  J.,  died  March  19,  1848,  aged  02  years.  A 
:  graduate  of  Princeton,  he  was  ordained  at  Ger- 
I  man  Valley  in  1813,  but  soon  removed  to  M. 
He  was  a  man  of  influence  and  usefulness.  In 
j  one  year,  1836,  eighty  persons  were  added  to  his 
!  church.  He  wa.s  meek  and  humble,  vet  bold  and 
I  resolute  for  the  truth  and  the  right. 

CASWELL,  lliciLUtD,    governor    of    North 
!  Carolina,  died  at  Fayetteville  Nov.  20, 1789.     He 
!  received  an  education  suitable  for  the  bar,  and 
was  distinguished  as  a  friend  to  the  rights  of 
mankind.    Whenever  oppressed  indigence  called 
for  his   ])rofessional    assistance,   he   afforded    it 
without  the  ho])e  of  any  other  reward  than  the 
consciousness  of  having  exerted  himself  to  i)ro- 
mote  the  hapinness  of  a  fellow  man.    Warmly 
attached  to  the  liberties  of  his  country,  he  was 
ap])ointed  a  member  of  the  first  congress  in  1774, 
;  ami  he  early  took  arms  in  resistance  to  the  arbi- 
trary claims  of  Great  Britain.    He  was   at  the 
i  head  of  a  regiment  in  1770,  when  it  became  ne- 
'  cessary  to  oppose  a  body  of  loyalists,  composed  of 
I  a  number  of  the  ignorant  and  disorderly  inhabi- 
,  tants  of  the  frontiers  styling  themselves  regulators, 
I  and  of  emigrants  from  the  highlands  of  Scotland. 
1  This  party  of  about  fifteen  hundred  men  was  col- 
I  lectcd  in  the  middle  of  Feb.,  under  Gen.  JI'Don- 
'  aid.    He  was  pursued  by  Gen.  Moore,  and  on 
;  the  27th  he  found  himself  under  the  necessity  of 


h 


;ico  was 

Castle, 
n,  aged 
iiiey,  of 
mission- 
ick  bed, 

devoted 

g  a  cap- 
was  sent 
lived  at 
astine,  in 
•  was  pil- 
c  married 
()  he  led 
:alls  Caiii- 
assoeiated 
,  and  was 
■t.      Capt. 
;ncty  men, 
(OC  Castin 
and  again 
,  the  baron 
>  command 
l)y  surprise 
to  Boston, 
■e  spent  in 
'harlevoix ; 

'  Mansfield, 
years.  A 
ed  at  Ger- 
ived  to  M. 
I'ulness.  In 
llded  to  his 
let  bold  and 

of    North 
1 17S9.    He 
jic  bar,  and 
rights  of 
|;cnce  called 
afforded    it 
than  the 
[(ulf  to  pro- 
■\Varmly 
Itry,  he  was 
less  in  1774, 
Vo  the  arbi- 
Ivas   at  the 
became  ne- 
lomposed  of 
brly  inhabi- 
i  regulators, 
If  Scotland, 
len  was  col- 
len.  :M'I)on- 
Ire,  and  on 
kecessity  of 


CATESBY. 

engaging  Col.  Caswell,  who  wa.i  intrenched  with 
about  one  thousand  miiuite-nien  and  militia  di- 
rectly in  his  front,  at  a  jjlace  culled  Moore's  creek 
iiridge.  This  was  about  sixteen  miles  distant 
from  'Wilmin.^ton,  where  M'Donnld  hoped  to 
join  Gen.  ("liiilon.  But  he  was  defeated  and 
taken  prisoner  by  Caswell,  with  liie  loss  of  sev- 
enty men  in  killed  and  woiinded,  and  fitteen  hun- 
dred excellent  rilles.  This  victory  was  of  eminent 
service  to  the  American  cause  in  Ncu'th  Carolina. 
Col.  Caswell  was  president  of  the  convention 
which  formed  the  constitution  of  North  Carolina 
in  Dec,  1770,  under  which  constiiutlon  he  was 
governor  from  1777  to  the  year  17S(),  and  from 
178j  to  1787.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was 
president  of  the  senate,  and  for  a  number  of 
years  he  had  held  the  commission  of  major-gen- 
eral. In  his  character  the  public  and  domestic 
virtues  were  imited.  Ever  honored  with  some 
marks  of  the  a])probation  of  liis  fellow  citizens, 
lie  watched  with  unremitted  attention  over  the 
welfare  of  the  community,  and  anxiously  en- 
deavored also  to  jiromote  the  felicity  of  its  mem- 
bers in  their  sejjarate  interests.  While  the 
complacency  of  his  disposition  and  his  equal 
temiier  iieculiarly  endeared  him  to  liis  friends, 
they  commanded  respect  even  from  his  enemies. 
Of  the  society  of  freemasons  he  had  been  grand 
master.  —  Marlin's  Funeral  Oral  ion;  ilaz.  of 
the  U.  S.  I.  307,  340 ;  Marshall,  I.  3S0  ;  Gordon, 
II.  209;  liamsaij,  I.  204. 

CATI'.SBY,  ^i.viUv,  F.  11.  S.,  an  eminent  nat- 
uralist, died  in  London,  Dec.  24,  1749,  aged  70. 
lie  was  born  in  England  in  1C79.  Having  an 
early  and  a  strong  ])ropen..ity  to  the  study  of 
nature,  he  determined  to  gratify  his  taste  by  ex- 
ploring a  part  of  the  now  world.  As  some  of  his 
relations  lived  in  Virginia,  he  was  induced  first  to 
visit  that  province,  where  he  arrived  April  23, 
1712.  Here  he  remained  seven  years,  observing 
and  admiring  the  various  productions  of  the  coun- 
try, and  occasionally  sending  dried  sjiccimens  of 
plants  to  his  correspondents  in  Great  Britain,  and 
particularly  to  Dr.  Sherard.  His  collections, 
however,  as  yet  had  no  reference  to  the  work, 
which  he  afterwards  published.  On  his  return  to 
England  in  1719,  he  was  encouraged  by  the  assis- 
tance of  several  of  the  nobility,  and  of  some  dis- 
tinguished naturalists,  to  revisit  America  with  the 
professed  design  of  deKCrii)ing,  delineating,  and 
painting  the  most  curious  objects  of  nature.  He 
arrived  at  South  Carolina,  which  was  selected  as 
the  j)lace  of  his  residence,  ^lay  23,  1722  ;  and, 
having  first  examined  the  lower  jiarts  of  the  coun- 
try in  occasional  excursions  from  Chwleslon,  he 
afterwards  went  into  the  interior  and  resided  for 
some  time  at  fort  Moore  upon  Savannah  river, 
three  hundred  miles  from  the  sea.  From  this 
lilace  he  made  several  visits  to  the  Indians,  who 
lived  still  liigher  up  the  river  in  the  more  moun- 


CATESBY. 


203 


tainoiis  rejjiims ;  and  he  also  extended  his  ro- 
seaidu's  lliiougli  Georgia  and  Florida.  In  his 
travels  he  generally  engaged  one  of  tlie  savages 
to  be  his  conijianion,  who  carried  for  him  his  box, 
cont.'.i'.iing  conveniences  for  ])ainting,  and  the 
8])eciiiiens  of  plants  which  he  collected.  Having 
si)eui  near  three  years  upon  the  continent,  he 
visited  t'le  Bahama  Islands  at  the  invitatiim  of 
the  g:)vernor,  and,  residing  in  the  isle  of  Provi- 
dence, prosecuted  his  plan,  and  made  various  col- 
lections of  fi.hes  and  submarine  productions. 

Ketm-niiig  to  England  in  1720,  he  was  well  re- 
ceived by  his  patrons  ;  but  the  great  exi)ense  of 
procuring  engravings  induced  him  to  learn  from 
Joseph  Goupy  the  art  of  etching.     lie  then  re- 
tired to  Iloxton,  where  he  devoted  his  time  to 
the  e(miiiletion  of  his  great  work,  which  he  pub- 
lished in  numbers  of  twenty  plants  each.    The 
figures  were   etched  by   himself  from   his  own 
paintings,  and  the  colored  cojiies  were  done  under 
his  own  insjjection.     Although  his  attention  was 
principally  devoted  to   jjlants,   yet  most  of  his 
l)lates  exhibit  some  subject  of  the  animal  king- 
dom.   The  first  number  aj)])eared  in   1730,  and 
the  first  volume,  consisting  of  one  hundred  i)lates, 
was  finished  in  1732  ;  the  second  hi  1743  ;  and 
the  appendix  of  twenty  plates  in  1748.     Of  each 
number  a  regular  account,  written  by  Dr.  Crom- 
well Morllnier,  secretary  of  the  royal  society,  was 
laid  before  the  society,  as  it  ajjpeared,  and  j)rinted 
in  the  philosophical  transactions. '  The  whole  work 
is  entitled,  the  natural  history  of  Carohna,  Florida, 
and  the  Bahama  Islands,  in  French  and  English, 
containing  the  figures  of  birds,  beasts,  fishes,  etc., 
colored  alter  the  lil'e,  and  a  map  of  the  countries. 
It  contains  descriptions  of  many  curious  and  im- 
[jortant  articles  of  food,  medicine,  domestic  econ- 
,  omy,  and  ornamental  culture ;  and  was  one   of 
1  the  most  splendid  works  of  the  kind,  wliicli  had 
'  ever  been  published.    The  principal  defect  of  the 
I  work  is  the  want  of  a  separate  delineation  of  all 
the  parts  of  the  flower.    For  the  Latin  names, 
Mr.  Catesby  was  indebted  to  Dr.  Sherard.    He 
;  did  not  live  to  see  a  second  imjiression.     He  died 
I  leaving  a  widow  and  two  children,  whose  depend- 
j  ence  for  support  was  entirely  ujjon  the  profits  of 
I  his  work.    He  was  esteemed  by  the  most  respect- 
j  able  members  of  the  rojal  society,  of  which  he 
I  was  a  fellow,  for  his  modesty,  ingenuity,  and  up- 
!  right  behavi(n\     His  name  has  been  perpetuated 
by  Dr.  Gronovius,  in  the  plant,  called  Catcsbrca. 
I      The  second  edition  of  Catesby's  natural  history 
[was  published  in   1754,  and  the  third,  1771,  to 
which  a  Liima'an  index  was  annexed.    The  color- 
I  ings,  however,  of  this  edition  are  wretchedly  exe- 
cuted i  those  which  jiassed  under  the  inspection 
of  Catesby  hhnself  have  most  of  life  and  beauty, 
though  even  these  cannot  vie  with  the  splendid 
figures,  which  are  now  j)resented  to  the  lovers  of 
I  natural  history.    He  was  the  author  of  a  paper. 


II  i 


■iiii 


Pi     I 


m  i 


204 


CATIICAllT. 


printed  in  the  forty-fourtli  volume  of  the  philo- 
sophical transactions,  on  hircls  of  passaf^e ;  in 
■which  he  jiroves,  that  tlioy  emif^ratc  in  search  of 
proper  food,  i'rom  a  variety  of  observations  which 
he  had  an  opjjortunity  of  mal.ing  during  his 
voyages  across  the  Atlantic.  In  17G7  there 
■was  published  under  his  name,  hortus  Ameri- 
canus,  a  collection  of  eighty-five  curious  trees  and 
shrubs  from  North  America,  adapted  to  the  soil 
of  Great  Britain,  colored,  folio.  —  Preface  to  his 
Nat.  Hist.  ;  liecs'  Cijcl. ;  Miller,  ii.  365 ;  Pulte- 
ncy's  Sketches  of  the  Proy.  of  Botany  in  Eng- 
land, II.  eh.  44. 

CATIICAllT,  James  Lf„\xdek,  died  at  Wash- 
ington Oct.  G,  18413,  aged  76. 

CATIIllALL,  Isaac,  M.  D.,  a  physician  in 
Philadelphia,  studied  in  that  city  and  in  London, 
Edinburgh,  and  Paris,  and  returned  home  in 
1703.  During  the  prevalence  of  the  yellow  fever 
in  that  year,  and  in  1797,  1798,  and  1799,  he  re- 
mained at  liis  post,  and  even  dissected  those  who 
died  of  the  disease.  In  1816  he  was  seized  with 
a  paralytic  afl'ection.  lie  died  of  the  apoplexy 
Feb.  22,  1819,  aged  5*5.  lie  was  a  judicious 
physician ;  a  skillful  anatomist  and  surgeon ;  a 
man  of  rigid  morality  and  inflexible  integrity ; 
and  truly  estimable  in  the  relations  of  a  son,  hus- 
band, and  father.  In  his  religious  views  he  was  a 
Quaker.  He  published  remarks  on  the  yellow 
fever,  1794;  Buchan's  domestic  medicine,  with 
notes,  1797  ;  memoir  on  the  analysis  of  the  black 
vomit,  showing  that  it  might  be  safely  tasted, 
1800,  in  fifth  volume  of  the  transactions  of  the 
American  jjliilosophical  society ;  and  a  pamphlet 
on  the  yellow  fever,  in  conjunction  with  Dr.  Cur- 
rie,  in  1802.  —  ThacJter's  Med.  Biog. 

CATLIN,  Jacob,  D.  D.,  minister  of  New  Marl- 
borough, Mass.,  a  native  of  Ilarwinton,  Conn., 
was  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1784,  and  or- 
dained July  3d  or  4th,  1787.  His  predecessors 
were  Thomas  Strong,  who  was  ordained  in  1744, 
and  died  in  1777,  and  Caleb  Alexander.  After 
a  ministry  of  nearly  forty  years,  he  died  April  12, 
1826,  aged  68.  Industry,  patience,  frankness, 
and  mceluiess  were  his  characteristics.  lie  was 
a  plain,  faithful  i)reaeher.  During  his  ministry 
about  two  hundred  and  fifty  jjcrsons  were  added 
to  the  chiu'ch.  He  published  a  compendium  of 
the  system  of  the  divine  truth,  12mo.  2d  ed.  li^'lC). 
—  Hist,  of  Berkshire,  298. 

CATON,  RiCiiAKD,  died  in  Baltimore  May  19, 
1845,  aged  83.  A  native  of  Lancashire,  Ihigltuid, 
he  married  a  daughter  of  Charles  Carroll,  and 
was  the  father  of  the  Marchioness  of  Wellesley, 
the  Duchess  of  Leeds,  and  Lady  Stafford.  He 
was  a  man  of  wealth,  having  large  landed  estates ; 
and  was  a  zealous  Catholic. 

CAZNEAU,  JIargaukt,  Mrs.,  died  in  Wren- 
tham,  in  April,  17G9,  aged  97,  a  Huguenot,  born 
in  liochcllc.    Her  daughter,  EKzabeth,  who  mar- 


CIIAMBERLAIN. 

ried  Col.  John  Boyle  of  Boston,  died  Oct.  22, 
184G,  aged  90. 

CIIABEllT,  M.  I)j;,  published  Voyage  dans 
I'Amerique  Scjitent.,  1700  et  1751,  4to.  1753. 

CIIALKLEY,  Thomas,  died  in  1741.  He  was 
a  preacher  among  the  Quakers  of  I'ennsylvania  ; 
removed  from  ]',ngland  to  that  colony  about  the 
year  1701,  and  lived  there  upwards  of  forty  years, 
excei)ting  when  the  necessary  affairs  of  trade,  or 
his  duties  as  a  preacher,  called  him  away.  In 
1705  he  visited  the  Indians  at  Concstoga,  near  the 
river  Susquehannah,  in  company  with  some  of  his 
brethren,  to  secure  their  friendship  and  im])art  to 
them  religious  instruction.  lie  died  at  the  Island 
of  Tortola,  while  on  a  visit  there  for  the  purpose 
of  promoting  what  he  believed  to  be  the  truth. 
lie  was  a  man  of  many  virtues,  and  was  endeared 
to  his  acquaintance  by  the  gentleness  of  his  man- 
ners. The  library  of  the  Quakers  in  Philadel- 
phia was  commenced  by  him.  His  journal  and  a 
collection  of  his  writings  was  published  at  Phila- 
delphia, 1749,  and  New  York,  1808.  —  Proud,  i. 
463. 

CHAL^IERS,  Lionel,  M.  D.,  a  physician  of 
South  Carolina,  died  in  1777,  aged  62.  He  was 
born  about  .the  year  1715  at  Cambleton  in  the 
west  of  Scotland,  and  came  when  very  young  to 
Carolina,  where  he  practised  physic  more  than 
forty  years.  He  first  jjractised  in  Christ  church, 
but  soon  removed  to  Charleston.  AfTecting  no 
mystery  in  his  practice,  he  employed  the  knowl- 
edge, which  he  had  acquired,  for  the  good  of 
mankhid.  He  left  behind  him  the  chai-acter  of  a 
skilful,  humane  physician,  and  of  a  worthy,  hon- 
est man.  He  wrote  in  1754  useful  remarks  on 
opisthotonos  and  tetanus,  wliich  were  published  in 
the  first  volume  of  the  medical  society  of  Lon- 
don. His  work  on  fevers  was  published  at 
Charleston,  1767,  in  which  he  gave  the  outlines 
of  the  spasmodic  theory,  which  had  been  taught 
by  Hofl'man,  and  which  was  afterwards  more 
fully  illustrated  by  Cullen.  Besides  several 
smaller  productions  he  also  published  a  valuable 
work  on  the  weather  and  diseases  of  South  Car- 
olina, 2  vols.  London,  1776. — Miller,  i.  319;  ii. 
364;  Puimsay's  Bev.  of  Med.  42,  44;  Jlist.  of 
South  Carolina,  II.  112,  451. 

CHAL^IEKS,  Geoiuse,  died  in  London  in 
June,  1825,  aged  82.  In  early  life  he  iiractiscd 
law  in  Maryland.  He  published,  Mith  other 
works,  political  annals  of  the  United  Colonies, 
4to.  1780 ;  estimate  of  strength  of  Britain,  1782  ; 
ophiions  on  subjects  of  law  and  policy,  arising 
from  American  independence,  1784 ;  oj)inions  of 
lawyers  on  English  jurisprudence,  2  vols.  1814 ; 
life  of  Mary,  queen  of  Scots,  1822. 

CHAMIJEKI-AIX,  Levi,  for  twenty  years  the 
secular  superintendent  of  the  mission  at  the 
Sandwich  Islands,  died  at  Honolulu  July  29,  1849, 
aged  nearly  07.     Born   in  Dover,  Vt.,  he   was 


CHAMBERS. 


CHAMPE, 


205 


)ct.  22, 

Tc  dans 

lie  was 
ylvaiiin ! 
iiout  the 
ty  years, 
rade,  or 
vay.     In 
near  the 
me  of  his 
impart  to 
he  Island 
c  puriioso 
ihc  truth, 
endeared 
f  his  man- 
I'hiladel- 
rnal  and  a 
I  at  I'hila- 
-  Proud,  I. 

liysician  of 
.    lie  was 
ton  in  the 
y  young  to 
more  than 
lint  church, 
^fTecting  no 
I  the  knowl- 
ic  good  of 
actcr  of  a 
■orthy,  hon- 
remarks  on 
hlished  in 
ety  of  Lon- 
uhlished   at 
he  outlines 
)een  taught 
ards  more 
les    several 
a  valuable 
South  Car- 
I.  319  i  II. 
i  Hid.  of 

London  in 
jiractised 
with  other 
d  Colonies, 
itain,  1782; 
licy,  arising 
oi'.lnions  of 
Ivols.  1«U  J 

ly  years  the 
lion  at  the 
lly29, 1819, 
It.,  he   was 


trained  as  a  merchant  in  Boston  and  acquired  a 
good  i)ro])iTty;  i)Ut  his  prosijennis  huNiiiess  he 
relinquished,  in  Jiis  zeal  to  aid  tlie  mission,  with 
which  he  lu'canic  connected  in  IS'JU.  His  various 
toils  were  incessant  and  most  important,  as  he  had 
judgment,  caution,  prudence,  economy,  and  sell- 
denial.  Once  in  ill  health  he  revisited  Boston, 
making  a  vojagc  around  the  world.  His  end, 
peaceful  and  triumphant,  is  described  in  flic  Mis- 
sionary Herald,  Dec,  1849.  His  wii'c  was  Maria 
Patten  of  I'equca,  Pa. 

CHAMBl-'HS,  John,  chief  justice  of  New 
York,  was  a  member  of  the  executive  council  in 
1704,  when  he  attended,  as  one  of  the  commis- 
sioners, the  congress  at  Albany  June  14th.  He 
was  soon  aik'rwards  appointed  judge,  and  died  at 
New  York  Ajiril  10,  17G5. 

CHAMBEllS,  William,  a  physician  of  New 
York,  died  in  that  city  July  23,  1827.  A  short 
time  before  his  death  he  acquired  considerable 
celebrity  by  the  invention  of  a  medicine  for  the 
cure  of  intemperance.  The  effect  was  produced 
by  the  strong  association  of  what  is  nauseous  and 
iusulferable  with  the  taste  of  ardent  spirits. 

CHAMBERS,  David,  colonel,  died  in  Cran- 
berry, N.  J.,  Sept.,  1842,  aged  94,  a  soldier  of  the 
Revolution,  liighly  respected  through  life. 

CHAMBERS,  Joii.\,  died  at  Ncwburgh  Sept. 
26,  1854,  aged  77.  He  was  an  estimable  citizen, 
president  of  the  hank,  and  treasurer  of  the  city. 
He  loved  the  Bible,  and  the  house  of  God,  and 
lived  hi  daily  prayer ;  but  he  never  ventured  to 
come  to  the  Lord's  table.  —  N.  Y,  Observer,  Oct. 
12. 

CHAMBERS,  Joux,  governor  of  Iowa  about 
1841,  died  near  Paris,  Kentucky,  Sept.  21,  1852, 
aged  73.  Born  in  New  Jersey,  he  emigrated  to 
Kentucky.  He  was  a  lawyer  and  soldier,  and  a 
friend  of  Harrison.  As  superintendent  of  Indian 
affiiirs  and  governor  of  Iowa,  he  manifested  great 
prudence  and  ability.  At  several  times  he  was 
a  member  of  congress. 

CHAMBLY,  Di;,  captain,  gave  liis  name  to  the 
fort  in  Canada,  which  he  built  of  wood,  in  1GG5, 
hut  which  was  afterwards  constructed  of  stone, 
with  four  bastions.  The  fort  of  Sorel  was  built 
at  the  same  time  by  Capt.  De  Sorel.  Both 
Chambly  and  Sorel  were  officers  in  the  regiment 
of  Carignan-Sallcres,  which,  after  fighting  in 
Hungary  against  the  Turks,  was  sent  to  Canada 
in  1CG5  to  fight  against  the  Iroquois.  Chambly 
owned  the  land  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  fort. 
About  the  year  IG73  he  was  ajjpointed  as  succes- 
sor of  Grandl'oiitaiue,  to  the  command  of  the  fort 
ut  I'enobscot  I  but,  Aug.  10,  1074,  he  was  taken 
prisoner  by  an  Englishman ;  and  at  the  same 
period  llie  fort  at  St.  John's  was  also  surjjrised. 
In  1080  he  was  nominated  governor  of  Acadia ; 
but  in  a  short  time  was  j)romoted  to  the  govern- 
ment of  Grcur.da.  —  Churlccoix,  I.  381,  402. 


CII.\^rPE,    John,    sergeant-major    of   Lee's 
legion  cavalry  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  was  born 
in  Loudon  county,  Virginia.     In  1770  he  entered 
the  army,  nt  the  age  of  20.    Immediately  after  the 
treason  of  Arnold,  hn  was  sent  by  Lee,  at  the 
request  of  Washington,  as  a  spy  to  New  York, 
for  two  purposes :  to  ascertain  whether  another 
American  general  was  also  a  traitor,  as  has  been 
suggested  in  some  jiapers  in  the  hands  of  Wash- 
ington ;  and,  if  possii)le,  to  bring  off  Arnold  to  the 
American  head-(iuarters,  that  he  might  be  tried 
and  i)unished,  and  thus  Andre  be  saved.     It  was 
with  a  daring  spirit  of  patriotism,  that  Champe 
undertook   this  enterprise.     He  feared  not  the 
danger ;   but  the  ignominy  of  desertion  and  of 
enlisting  in  the  orniy  of  the  enemy,  he  appre- 
hended, would   destroy  his  hope  of  promotion, 
should  ho  live  to  return.     He  was  assured,  that 
liis  character  should  bo  protected  at  a  ])roper 
time.    At  eleven  o'clock  the  same  night  Champe 
took  his  cloak,  valise,  and  orderly  book,  drew  liia 
horse  from  the  picket,  and  fled,  as  a  deserter, 
from  the  American  camp  near  Tappan.    In  half 
an  hour  the  desertion  was  reported  to  Lee,  who 
made  all    the  delay  in   his    power,  and  then 
ordered  a  pursuit  about  twelve.     At  about  day- 
break, a  few  miles  north  of  the  village  of  Bergen, 
the  pursuing  jiarty  beheld  from  the  summit  of  a 
hill  the  deserter  half  a  mile  in  front.    Champe 
now  put  spurs  to  his  horse,  and  the  pursuit  was 
hot;    he  passed  through  Bergen,  to  reach  the 
British  galleys  a  few   miles  west,  at  Elizabeth- 
town  point.     Getting  abreast  of  the  galleys,  hav- 
ing lashed  his  valise  on  his  shoulders,  with  his 
drawn  sword  in  his  hand,  ho  dismounted,  and 
running  through  the  marsh  pldnged  into  the  river 
and  called   to  the  galleys  for   help.    This  was 
afforded,  for  a  boat  was  sent  to  take  him  up. 
The  horse  was  carried  back  to  the  camp.     To 
Washington  the   success  of  Champe   was  very 
acceptable  intelligence.     Champe  was  taken  to 
New  York  and  examined  by  Sir  Henry  Clinton, 
and  by  him  sent  to  Arnold,  who  oflcrod  liim  the 
place  of  sergeant-major  in  a  legion  he  was  rais- 
ing.   On  the  last  day  of  Sept.,  he  was  ajijiointed 
one  of  Arnold's  recruiting  sergeants.     He   en- 
listed, because  that  step  was  necessary,  in  order 
that  he  might  gain  access  to  the  traitor.    Two 
days  afterwards  Andre  was  tried,  and,  the  intelli- 
ge!ice  from  Chamjie  not  promising  any  immediate 
success  in  carrying  off  Arnold,  the  sentence  was 
executed  Oct.  3(1.     In  a  few  days  Champe  sent 
amjile  evidence  of  the  innocence  of  the  accused 
general,  who  probably  was  Gates,  so  that  Gen. 
Washington   dismissed  all  his  suspicions.    Oct. 
20,  the   general   expressed  his   ajiprobation   of 
Champe's  jilan  for  taking  Arnold,  of  whom  he 
wished  to  "  malve  a  public  exami)le,"  and  pledged 
himself   to  bestow  the    promised    rewards    on 
Champe  and  his  associate.    The  plan  was  tliis : 


;■  ,11 


'f 


i 


ill 


I      ■ 


206 


CHAMPION. 


to  seize  Arnold,  wlien  in  hiH  garden,  wliiflicr  he 
went  Qt  a  hilf  lioiir  every  ni),'iit;  to  gn;,'  iiini  j  uiul 
to  dra}^  liiin  iietween  two  men,  as  a  (lruni<en 
soldier,  to  a  boat  on  the  Hudson,  and  to  deliver 
liim  to  a  party  of  liorse  on  the  Jersey  shore. 
The  nlf^ht  was  fixed,  and  the  intelli},'ence  com- 
municated to  Lee,  who  rejiaired  to  llolioken  with 
a  party  of  dra},'()()ns  and  three  led  horses  i'or 
Champe, his  associate,  and  the  jjrisoner;  hut  after 
waiting  in  vain  for  hours  near  the  river  shore,  he 
retired,  as  the  day  broke,  and  returned  to  the 
army  with  dee])  chagrin.  It  ap])eared,  that  on 
the  eventful  day  Arnold  removed  his  (juarters,  in 
order  to  Hui)erintend  the  embarkation  of  troojjs  j 
and  the  American  legion,  to  which  Champe  be- 
longed, was  transferred  to  the  fleet  of  transports, 
and  landed  in  Virginia.  After  the  junction  of 
Cornwallis  with  Arnold  at  Petersburg,  Chami)e 
escajjed  and  rijoined  the  American  army  in 
North  Carolina.  AVhen  his  story  was  known,  he 
secured  the  resjiect  and  love  of  every  officer  and 
soldier.  Greene  furnished  him  with  a  horse  and 
money,  and  sent  him  to  Witshington,  who  granted 
him  a  discharge,  lest,  falling  uito  tlie  enemy's 
hands,  he  should  die  on  a  gibbet.  AVhen  AVash- 
ington  was  called  by  I'rcsident  Adams,  in  July 
1798,  to  the  command  of  the  army  then  raised, 
he  sent  to  Lieut.-Col.  Lee  to  inquire  for  Champe, 
determined  to  place  him  at  the  head  of  a  com- 
pany of  infantry ;  but  he  had  removed  to  Ken- 
tucky, where  he  soon  afterwards  died.  —  Lee's 
Memoir'n,  II.  159-187. 

CILVMPIOX,  Geokgic,  missionary  to  Africa, 
died  at  Santa  Cru/  Dec.  17,  1841.  Born  in  Col- 
chester, Conn.,  June  3,  1810,  he  graduated  at 
Yale  in  18;}1,  at  Andover  1834.  lie  embarked 
for  Cape  Town  in  Dec,  1834,  and  commenced  a 
mission  among  the  Zulus.  He  returned  in  1839 
in  conseepience  of  the  illness  of  his  wife,  Susan 
Larned  of  A\'ebster,  but  was  hojiing  to  go  again 
to  Africa.  He  devoted  his  strength  and  his 
I)roi)erty,  with  which  ])rovidence  had  liberally 
8upi)lied  him,  to  the  African  mission. 

CHAMPLAIN,  Samuix  1)i;,  the  founder  and 
Governor  of  Quebec,  died  in  Dec,  lG3o.  He 
was  of  a  noble  family  of  13rouage,  in  the  i)rov- 
ince  of  Suintonge,  in  France.  1  le  commanded  a 
vessel,  in  which  he  made  a  voyage  to  the  East 
Indies  about  the  year  ICOO,  and  acquired  a  high 
rejiutatiou  as  an  able  and  exj)erienced  officer. 
Alter  an  absence  of  two  years  and  a  half  he  re- 
turned to  Franco,  at  a  time  when  it  was  resolved 
to  jirosecute  the  discoveries  which  had  been  com- 
menced in  Canada  by  Cartier.  The  Marquis  de 
la  Koche,  and  Chauvin,  governors  of  Canada,  had 
endeavored  to  establish  a  colony,  and  the  latter 
was  succeeded  by  DeChatte,  who  engaged  Cham- 
plain  in  his  service  in  1()()3.  Chamjilain  sailed 
March  10,  accomi)anied  by  I'ontgrave,  who  had 
made  many  voyages  to  Tadoussac,  at  the  entrance 


CIIAi\n»LAIN. 

of  the  Sagucnay  into  the  St.  Lawrence.  After 
their  arrival  at  this  place.  May  L'.'jth,  he  left  his 
vessel,  and  in  a  light  batteau  asceiuliil  the  St. 
Lawrence  to  the  falls  of  St.  l^ouis,  which  bo  nded 
the  disco\cries  of  Cartier  in  \o',io.  This  w;;'*  in 
the  neighborhood  of  Hochelaga;  but  that  Indian 
settlement  was  not  now  in  existence.  After 
making  many  incpiiries  of  the  natives,  and  ex- 
jjloring  much  of  the  country  along  the  St.  Law- 
rence, he  sailed  for  France  in  August.  On  his 
arrival  in  Se]it.,  he  found  that  De  Chatte  was 
dead,  and  his  commission  as  lieutenant-general 
of  Canada  given  to  the  Sienr  De  Monts.  This 
gentleman  engaged  him  as  his  pilot  in  another 
voyage  to  the  new  world. 

Chamiilain  sailed  on  his  second  voyage  ^larch 
7,  1004,  and  arrived  at  Acadie  May  0.  Atter 
being  employed  about  a  month  in  the  long  boat, 
visiting  the  coast  in  order  to  liiid  a  projjer  situa- 
tion for  a  settlement,  ho  jjitchcd  u})on  a  small 
island  about  twenty  leagues  to  the  westward  of 
St  John's  river,  and  aliout  half  a  league  in  cir- 
cumference. To  this  island  De  Monts,  after  his 
arrival  at  the  jilace,  gave  the  name  of  St.  Croix. 
It  lies  in  the  river  of  the  same  name,  which 
divides  the  United  States  from  the  British  jirov- 
ince  of  New  Brunswick.  During  the  winter, 
Champlain  wasoccu])ied  in  explorhig  the  country, 
and  he  went  as  far  as  Cajie  Cod,  where  he  gave 
the  name  of  Malebarre  to  a  point  of  land,  on 
account  ot  the  imminent  danger  of  running 
aground  near  it  with  his  bark.  In  the  next  year 
he  j)ursued  his  discoveries,  though  he  did  not 
])ass  more  than  ten  or  twelve  leagues  beyond 
-Malebarre. 

In  1007  he  was  sent  out  on  another  voyage  to 
Tadoussac,  accomjianiod  by  I'ontgrave.  In  July, 
1008,  he  laid  the  foundation  of  Quebec.  He 
was  a  man  who  did  not  embanass  himself  with 
commerce,  and  who  felt  no  interest  in  the  traffic 
with  the  Indians,  which  proved  so  profitable  to 
many  that  were  engaged  in  it.  Beuig  intrusted 
with  the  charge  of  estabUshing  a  j)ermanent  col- 
ony, he  examined  the  most  eligible  places  for 
settlement,  and  selected  a  spot  upon  the  St.  Law- 
rence, at  the  confluence  of  this  river  and  the 
small  river  of  St.  Charles,  about  three  hundred 
and  twenty  miles  from  the  sea.  The  river  iii  this 
place  was  very  much  contracted,  and  it  was  on 
this  account  that  the  natives  called  it  Quebec. 
Hero  he  arrived  July  3.  He  erected  barracks, 
cleared  the  ground,  sowed  wheat  and  rye,  and 
laid  the  foundation  of  the  cajjital  of  Canada. 
The  toil  of  subduing  the  wilderness  was  not  very 
accei)table  to  all  his  company,  for  some  of  them 
conspired  to  jjut  their  leader  to  death,  and  to 
embark  at  Tadoussac  for  France.  The  attcmjit 
to  destroy  him  was  to  be  made  by  poison  and  by 
a  train  of  gunpowder ;  but,  the  ai)Othecary  having 
discovered  the  scheme,  one  of  the  conspirators 


CIIAMrLiMN. 


CIIAMPLAIN. 


207 


was  hnn<TC(l,  and  others  condemned  to  the  pal- 
leys.  Durui};  the  winter  liis  ])eo|)le  were  aillicted 
with  the  scurvy.  Champlain  soufjht  at\er  the 
medicine  wliich  iiad  lieen  so  succcsst'iilly  used  hy 
Cartier;  Init  the  tree,  which  was  called  Annedda, 
was  not  now  to  he  found.  From  this  circum- 
stance it  was  concluded  that  the  tril)e  of  Indians 
with  which  Cartier  was  acquainted,  had  been  ex- 
terminated hy  their  enemies. 

In  the  summer  of  the  year  1G09,  when  the 
Ilurons,  Alf^onciuins,  and  others  were  ahout  to 
march  ajjainst  their  common  enemy,  the  Irocinois. 
Chanii)lain  very  readily  joined  them,  for  ho  had 
a  keen  taste  for  adventures,  and  he  hoped  by  a 
conquest  to  imjjress  all  the  Indian  tribes  with  the 
power  of  the  French,  and  to  secure  an  alliance  with 
them.  He  did  not  foresee,  that  he  should  force 
the  Iroquois  who  Uved  in  what  is  now  the  State 
of  New  York,  to  seek  the  jjrotection  of  the  Fng- 
hsh  and  Dutch.  He  embarked  on  the  river  Sorcl, 
which  was  then  called  the  Iroquois,  because  these 
savages  usually  descended  by  this  stream  into 
Canada.  At  the  falls  of  Chanibly  he  was  8to])])cd, 
and  was  oblifj;ed  to  send  back  his  boat.  Only  two 
Frenchmen  remained  with  him.  He  ascended 
with  his  allies  in  the  Indian  canoes  to  the  lake, 
to  wliich  he  gave  his  own  name,  which  it  retains 
at  the  jirescnt  day.  The  savages,  whom  he  ac- 
comjjanied,  hoped  to  surjjrise  the  Iroquois  in 
their  villages,  but  they  met  them  unexijcctedly 
upon  the  lake.  After  gaining  the  land,  it  was 
agreed  to  defer  the  battle  till  the  next  day,  as 
the  night  was  now  apjn'oaching.  In  the  morning 
of  July  30  Champlain  ])laced  a  party  with  his 
two  Frenchmen  in  a  neighboring  wood,  so  as  to 
come  upon  the  enemy  in  flank.  The  Iro(juois, 
who  were  about  two  hundred  in  number,  seeing 
but  a  handful  of  men,  were  sure  of  victory.  But 
as  soon  as  the  battle  began,  Chamj)lain  killed  two 
of  their  chiefs,  who  were  conspicuous  by  their 
plumes,  by  the  first  discharge  of  his  firelock, 
loaded  witli  four  balls.  The  report  and  execution 
of  fire-arms  filled  the  Iroquois  with  inex])rcssiblc 
consternation.  They  were  quickly  put  to  flight, 
and  the  victorious  allies  returned  to  Quebec  with 
iifty  scalps. 

InSc])t.,  1G09,  Chamjilain  embarked  with  Font- 
grave  for  France,  leaving  the  colony  under  the 
care  of  a  brave  man,  named  Peter  Chavin.  Hut 
he  was  soon  sent  out  again  to  the  new  M'orld. 
lie  sailed  from  Ilonlleur  April  8,  1(510,  and  ar- 
rived at  Tadoussac  on  the  liOth.  lie  encouraged 
the  Montagnez  Indians,  who  lived  at  this  place, 
to  engage  in  a  second  ex])edition  agahist  the  Iro- 
quois. Accordingly,  soon  after  his  arrival  at 
Quebec,  they  sent  to  him  about  sixty  warriors. 
At  the  head  of  these  and  others  of  the  allies  he 
proceeded  up  the  river  Sorel.  The  enemy  were 
soon  met,  and  after  a  severe  engagement,  in 
which  Cham])laiu  was  wounded  by  an  arrow,  were 


entirely  defeated.  Ho  arrived  at  Quebec  fronj 
Mcmtreal  June  10,  and  landed  at  llochelle  Aug. 
11.  After  the  death  of  Henry  IV.  the  interest 
of  l)e  Monts,  in  whose  service  Champlain  had 
been  engaged,  was  entirely  ruined,  and  the  latter 
was  obliged  to  leave  a  settlement  which  he  was 
commencing  at  Mont  Koyal,  or  Montreal,  and 
to  go  again  to  France  in  10 11.  Charles  de  IJour- 
bon,  being  commissioned  by  the  queen  regent 
governor  of  New  France,  a])i)ointed  Chami);ain 
his  lieutenant,  with  very  extensive  powers.  Ho 
returned  to  Canada  in  1012,  was  engaged  again 
in  war  with  the  Iroquois,  and  made  new  discov- 
eries. His  voyages  across  the  Atlantic  were  fre- 
(juent.  He  was  continued  lieutenant  under  the 
prince  of  Conde  and  Montmorcnci.  In  1015  his 
zeal  for  the  spiritual  interests  of  the  Indians  in- 
duced him  to  brhig  with  him  a  iiunilicr  of  Jesuit 
fathers,  some  of  whom  assisted  him  in  his  war- 
fare. He  jienetratcd  to  Lake  Oiitwio,  and,  being 
wounded  while  assisting  the  Ilurons  against  their 
enemies,  was  obliged  to  jiass  a  whole  winter 
among  them.  AVhen  he  returned  to  Quebec  in 
July,  1010,  he  was  received  as  one  risen  from  the 
dead.  In  July,  102!),  he  was  obliged  to  capitulate 
to  an  English  armament  under  Sir  David  Kertk, 
or  Kirk.  He  was  carried  to  France  in  an  English 
ship  J  and  there  he  found  the  public  sentiment 
much  divided  with  regard  to  Canada  ;  some  think- 
ing it  not  worth  regaining,  as  it  had  cost  the 
government  vast  sums  without  bruiging  any  re- 
turns, others  deeming  the  fishery  and  fur  trade 
great  national  objects,  especially  as  a  nursery  for 
seamen.  Champlain  exerted  himself  to  eftect  the 
recovery  of  this  country,  and  Canada  was  restored 
by  the  treaty  of  St.  Germain's  in  1032,  with  Aca- 
die  and  Cape  Urotoii. 

In  1033  the  company  of  New  France  resumed 
all  their  rights,  and  ai)pointed  Champlain  the 
governor.  In  a  short  time  he  was  at  the  head  of 
a  new  armament,  furnished  with  a  fresh  recruit 
of  Jesuits,  inhabitants,  and  all  kinds  of  necessaries 
for  the  welfare  of  the  revived  colony.  His  atten- 
tion was  now  engrossed  by  the  spiritual  uiterests 
of  the  savages,  whom  it  was  his  jirincipal  object 
to  bring  to  the  knowledge  of  the  Christian  relig- 
ion. The  number  of  ecclesiastical  missionaries, 
exclusive  of  l&y  brothers,  was  now  fifteen,  the 
chief  of  whom  were  I-e  Jeune,  De  None,  and 
Masse,  and  IJrcbeuf.  A  mission  was  estabUshed 
among  the  Ilurons  i  the  colony  was  gainnig  an 
accession  of  numbers  and  strength ;  and  an  at- 
tempt was  just  commencing  to  establish  a  college 
in  Quebec,  when  the  governor  died,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded the  next  year  by  De  Montmagny. 

Chamjilain  merited  the  title  of  the  father  of 
New  France.  Though  he  was  credulous,  he  pos- 
sessed an  uncommon  share  of  penetration.  His 
views  were  upright,  and  in  circumstances  of  dflfi- 
culty  no  man  could  malie  a  better  choice  of 


iOHHi 


i 


il 


208 


CIIAMPLIN. 


measures.  He  prosecuted  his  enterprises  willi 
constancy,  and  no  dan^orH  could  Khakc  liis  firm- 
ness. ]Iis  zeal  for  the  intorests  of  liis  country 
was  ardent  and  disinterested ;  his  heart  was  ten- 
der and  compassionate  towards  the  unliai)py ; 
and  he  was  more  uitentive  to  the  concerns  of  his 
friends,  than  to  his  own.  He  was  a  faitliful  his- 
torian, a  voyaj^er  who  oliservcd  everytliinj;  with 
attention,  sltiiful  in  fjeometry,  and  an  experienced 
Beaman.  lie  apj)ear8  to  have  been  fond  of  good 
cheer,  for  in  tlie  early  jicriod  of  his  residence  in 
Canada  he  estahlished  witli  his  associates  an  order 
"  de  bon  temps,"  which  contributed  not  a  little  to 
the  gratification  of  the  jjalnte.  By  this  order 
every  one  of  the  same  table  was  in  his  turn  to  be 
both  steward  and  caterer  for  a  day.  lie  was  care- 
ful by  hunting  to  make  a  suitable  jirovision,  and 
at  supjier,  when  the  took  had  made  everything 
ready,  he  marched  at  the  head  of  the  comjiany 
with  a  najikin  over  his  shoulder,  having  also  the 
staff  of  office,  and  wearing  the  collar  (f  Ms  order, 
and  was  followed  by  liis  associates,  each  of  whom 
bore  a  dish.  At  the  close  of  the  banquet  he 
pledged  his  successor  in  a  bumper  of  wine  and 
resigned  to  him  the  collar  and  staff.  It  may  not 
be  easy  to  justify  Champlain  in  taking  an  active 
part  in  the  war  against  the  Iroquois.  It  is  even 
supposed  by  some,  that  his  love  of  adventures  led 
him  to  arouse  the  sj)irit  of  the  Hurons  and  to 
excite  them  to  war.  His  zeal  for  the  propagation 
of  religion  among  the  savages  was  so  great,  that 
he  used  to  say,  "  that  the  salvation  of  one  soul 
■was  of  more  value  than  the  conquest  of  an  em- 
pire ;  and  that  kings  ought  not  to  think  of  ex- 
tending their  authority  over  idolatrous  nations, 
except  for  the  purpose  of  subjecting  them  to  Jesus 
Christ." 

He  published  an  account  of  his  first  voyages  in 
1613,  in  4to.,  and  a  continuation  in  1620,  in  8vo. 
He  i)ublished  an  edition  of  these  in  1632,  in  one 
volume,  entitled,  Lcs  voyages  de  la  Nouvellc 
France  occidcntalc,  dicte  Canada,  4to.  This  work 
comin-iscs  a  history  oi  New  France  from  the  first 
discoveries  of  Verazzani  to  the  year  1C31.  There 
is  added  to  it  a  treatise  on  navigation  and  the 
duty  of  a  good  manner,  and  an  ahridgment  of 
the  Christian  doctrine  in  Huron  and  French. — 
C/iawjilciii'n  Vdtjaijes ;  Vluirln'oix,  Fan/en  Cliro- 
noL,  X.WUI-XXX;  I.  Ill,  141-198;  ISelknnp's 
Amerirun  Jliiii/raplii/,  I.  322-345;  Universal 
Jlisloi;/,  XXXIX.  410-426;  I'liir/ias,  I.  1*33;  V. 
liiOo-lCA't ;  IJ<irrii<'\'uij(tf/('ii,  I.  NIl-815 ;  Holmes, 
I.;  Cliiilmirs,l.  om;  ChuriMH,  111.708-810. 

CILUIPLIX,  CiiitisTOPiiKR,  a  senator  of  the 
United  States,  died  at  Newport,  ]{.  1.,  March  18, 
1840,  aged  74;  a  graduate  of  Harvard  in  17H6. 
He  was  in  congress  1707-180 1,  and  senator 
1809-11. 

CHANDLER,  Thomas  IJuAunniY,  Ti.  D.,  an 
eminent  Episcopalian  minister  and  writer,  died 


CHANDLER. 

June  17,  1790,  aged  64.  He  was  a  native  of 
AVoodstock,  Conn.,  and  was  graduated  at  Yale 
college,  in  1745.  There  was  with  many,  in  the 
year  1748,  an  exjiectation  of  an  E])iscopal  estab- 
hshment  in  this  country,  when  men  of  talents 
could  indulge  the  hope  of  becoming  dignitaries  in 
the  church.  The  bait  of  jjreferment  was  at  this 
time  offered  to  Hr.  Stiles.  'Whether  the  circum- 
stances of  the  times  had  an  insensible  influence 
over  the  mind  of  Mr.  Chandler  or  not,  it  was  in 
the  year  1748,  that  lie  was  jjroselyted  to  Episco- 
pacy. He  went  to  England  in  1751,  and  took 
orders  in  the  established  church.  On  his  return 
to  this  country  he  became  rector  of  St.  John's 
church  ot  Elizabcthtown,  N.  J.,  where  ho  long 
maintained  a  high  character  both  for  erudition 
and  talents.  During  the  last  ten  years  of  liis  life 
he  was  nfllicted  with  a  disorder,  which  made  trial 
of  all  his  jjatience.  But  he  was  resigned  to  the 
will  of  God.  His  hojie  of  final  deUverance  from 
sin,  and  from  the  evils  connected  with  it,  rested 
upon  the  incarnation  and  sufferings  of  the  eternal 
Son  of  the  Father.  He  was  even  cheerful  under 
the  heavy  troubles  which  were  laid  ujion  him. 
He  was  a  zealous  friend  of  the  Episcojjal  church, 
and  he  wrote  much  in  favor  of  it.  He  was  en- 
gaged in  a  controversy  on  the  subject  with  Dr. 
Chauncey  of  Boston.  He  published  an  ajipeal 
to  the  public  in  behalf  of  the  church  of  England 
in  America,  1767  ;  a  defence  of  his  appeal,  1769; 
a  further  defence  of  liis  appeal,  1771 ;  a  sermon, 
preached  before  the  corporation  for  the  relief  of 
the  widows  and  children  of  Episcopal  clergymen, 
1771 ;  an  examination  of  the  critical  commentary 
on  Seeker's  letter  to  Walpole,  concerning  bishops 
in  America,  1774.  He  also  prejiared  for  the 
press  a  life  of  Dr.  Johnson ;  but  the  Revolution 
arrested  its  jiublication.  It  was  printed  at  New 
York  in  the  year  1805.  — Miller,  ii.  356 ;  Beach's 
Fimerul  Sermon ;  (Jen.  Hist,  of  Conn.,  158 ; 
Memoirs  of  T.  IMlis,  i.  435,  436. 

CHANDLER,  I'ktf.u,  died  in  Mexico,  N.  Y., 
in  1848.  He  bequeathed  5,000  dollars  to  each 
of  five  societies,  namely:  the  education,  foreign 
mission,  home  mission,  bible,  and  tract. 

CHANDLER,  John,  general,  died  while  on  a 
visit  in  New  York,  Sept.,  1846,  aged  75.  His 
residence  was  Augusta,  Me.  He  took  i)art  in  the 
war  of  1812,  a  friend  of  Dearborn.  For  some 
years  he  was  the  collector  of  Portland. 

CHANDLER,  AiiiKi.,  died  in  Walpole,  N.  IL, 
March  22,  1851,  aged  73.  A  native  of  Concord, 
N.  IL,  he  graduated  at  Cambridge  in  1806,  and 
became  a  merchant  in  Boston.  He  bequeathed 
50,000  dollars  to  Dartmouth  college  for  a  scien- 
tific school,  and  provided  for  the  gratuitous  in- 
struction of  worthy  students.  To  the  asylum  for 
the  insane  in  New  llanij)shire  he  bequeathed 
1,()()0  dollars  and  the  surjjlus  of  his  estate.  He 
was  a  widower  without  children. 


CIIANLER. 


CHANNES'G. 


209 


itive  of 
at  Ynle 
,  in  the 
il  cstab- 
■  talents 
itnrifs  in 
18  at  this 
!  circum- 
influcnco 
;t  was  in 

0  Eiiifico- 
ind  took 
lis  return 
St.  John's 

1  he  long 

erudition 

of  his  lite 
made  trial 
led  to  the 
•anee  from 
1  it,  rented 
the  eternal 
rful  under 
upon  him. 
pal  church, 
le  was  en- 
t  with  Dr. 

an  appeal 
Df  England 
peal,  17G9 ; 
i  a  sermon, 
he  relief  of 

clergymen, 
lommentary 
ing  bishops 
■ed  for  the 

Revolution 
;ed  at  New 
pG ;  Deach'3 

'onn.,  158; 

[xico,  N.  Y., 
liars  to  each 
lion,  foreign 
]t. 

while  on  a 
Id  1o.    His 
part  in  the 
Eor  some 
|l. 

Ipole,  N.  II., 
lof  Concord, 
In  1800,  and 
]  bequeathed 
for  a  scien- 
Iraluitous  in- 
>  asylum  for 
bequeathed 
I  estate.    He 


CHANLER,  Isaac,  a  Baptist  minister,  was 
born  in  IJristol,  England,  in  1701,  and  came  to 
South  Carolina  in  1733.  lie  settled  as  pastor  of 
a  Uaptist  church  on  AhIiIcv  river  in  1730,  where 
he  continued  till  his  death,  Nov.  30,  1749,  aged 
48.  lie  was  succeeded  by  Oliver  Hart,  who  re- 
mained till  1780,  when  he  removed  to  New  Jer- 
sey. Mr.  Chanlcr  published  a  sermon  on  estab- 
lishment in  grace,  preached  at  Charleston  in 
1740,  by  the  desire  of  Mr.  Whitefield,  at  the  com- 
mencement of  a  course  of  lectures  by  ministers  of 
different  denominations ;  also,  the  doctrines  of  glo- 
rious grace  unfolded,  and  practically  improved ; 
a  treatise  on  original  sin;  and  a  sermon  on  the 
death  of  Ilev.  Wm.  Tilly,  1744.  —  Miller,  n.  364; 
Backus'  Abridgment,  248 ;  Benedict,  ii.  120. 

CHANNING,  IlKXRY,  died  of  apoplexy  in 
N.  Y.,  Aug.  27,  1840,  aged  81,  formerly  a  minis- 
ter in  New  London,  the  uncle  of  Ur.  W.  E.  Chan- 
ning. 

CHANNING,  William  Ellkuy,  D.  D.,  minis- 
ter in  Hoston,  died  in  Ik'unington,  Vt.,  Oct.  2, 
1812,  aged  62.  lie  was  born  at  Newport,  11.  I., 
Ajiril  7,  1780,  and  was  the  son  of  William  Chan- 
iiing,  an  eminent  lawyer.  His  mother  was  the 
daughter  of  Willimn  EUery,  one  of  the  signers  of 
the  Declaration  of  Independence.  After  graduat- 
ing at  Harvard  in  1798,  he  resided  a  year  as  a 
teacher  in  the  family  of  David  M.  Randolph,  of 
Richmond,  Va.  He  was  ordained  the  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Federal  street,  Boston,  June  1, 
1803,  as  the  successor  of  Mr.  Popkin.  In  1822 
he  visited  Europe.  The  winter  of  1830  he  spent 
in  St.  Croix.  His  colleague,  Mr.  Gannett,  was 
settled  in  1824.  In  1840  he  was  released  from 
his  pastoral  serwces.  In  1842  he  passed  some 
weeks  in  Berkshire  county,  chiefly  at  Lenox. 
AVliile  on  his  journey,  in  his  proposed  return  to 
Boston,  he  died  at  Bennington.  One,  who  lived 
half  a  century  ago  in  the  neighborhood  of  Boston, 
must  remember  the  amazing  interest  created  by 
the  two  young,  eloquent,  and  unequalled  preach- 
ers, Buckminster  and  Channing;  of  whom  the 
latter,  not  less  scholarly,  had  less  of  polished  ora- 
tory and  disjilay,  and  more  of  unction  and  heart- 
touching  address,  than  the  former.  Both  always 
attracted  hearers,  and  were  heard  with  deep  in- 
terest. No  ministers  did  more  in  i)romoting  the 
Unitarian  doctrines  in  this  country.  Mr.  Buck- 
minster soon  died,  and  Mr.  Channing  was  left  as 
the  acknowledged  head  of  Unitarianism  ;  and,  as 
such,  it  is  an  inquiry  of  much  interest,  what 
were  his  prominent  religious  doctrines  ?  In  his 
last  address,  which  was  made  at  Lenox,  were 
these  words  :  "  The  doctrine  of  the  Word  made 
flesh  shows  us  God  uniting  himself  intimately 
with  our  nature,  manifesting  himself  in  a  human 
form,  for  the  very  end  of  making  us  partakers  of 
his  own  perfection."  He  says  also,  elsewhere : 
"  In  Jesus  Christ  our  nature  has  been  intimately 
27 


united  with  the  Divine."    Was  ho,  then,  a  Swe- 
denborgian,  who  believed  that  God  ossumcd  a 
human  form  in  Christ  ?    Probably  not,  for  in  his 
other  writings,  he  asserts  explicitly  that  "  Christ 
is  one. mind,  one  being, — distinct  from  the  one 
God ;  "  and  that  he  was  sent  of  God,  and  received 
all  liis  powers  from  God.    He  also  says  :  "  We 
believe  that  God  dwelt  in  him,  manifested  him- 
self through  him,  taught  men  by  him,  and  com- 
municated to  him  his  spirit  without  measure  j " 
"so  that  when  Christ  came,  God  visited  the  world 
and  dwelt  with  men  more  conspicuously,  than  at 
any  former  period."    If  he  was  not  a  Swedenbor- 
gian,  was  he  a  Socinian  ?    In  answer  to  this  in- 
quiry,  let  the  following  words  be  considered: 
"  Wo  say  that  he,  who  was  sent  into  the  world  to 
save  it,  cannot  be  the  living  God,  who  sent  him." 
"  He  is  first  of  the  Sons  of  God."    "  First  of  all 
the  ministers  of  God's  mercy  and  beneficence." 
"  Who  came  into  the  world,  not  to  claim  supreme 
homage  for  himself,"  &c.     "  God  sent  his  Son." 
Some  may  construe  these  words  as  meaning  only, 
that  Christ  was  miraculously  born  of  the  Virgin 
Mary  ;  and  it  is  remarkable  that  Dr.  Channing, 
in  his  writings,  nowhere  speaks  of  the  jire-exist- 
encc  of 'Christ,  or  of  God's  creating  the  world  by 
him,  or  uses  any  expression  which  proves  that  he 
was  not  a  Socinian.    Therefore,  some   may  be 
disposed  to  ask,  if  he  believed  in  a  doctrine  of 
such  vast  importance  as  the  pre-existence  and 
glorious  attributes  of  the  Son  of  God,  possessed 
t)y  him  before  the  creation,  why  did  he  not  teach 
it  clearly  and  uneqiuvocally  ?    >Vas  he  not  then 
a  Socinian,  or  one  unsettled  on  the  subject  of 
Socinianism  ?    As  to  his  views  on  the  great  doc- 
trine of  an  atoning  sacrifice  for  sin,  they  seem  ob- 
scure or  adverse  to  any  such  doctrine.     He  is 
clear  enough  in  denying  the  notion  of  an  infinite 
atonement :  "  I  see  in  it  no  impression  of  majesty, 
or  wisdom,  or  love,  nothing  worthy  of  God ;  and, 
when  I  compare  it  with  that  nobler  faith,  wliich 
directs  our  eyes  and  hearts  to  God's  essential 
mercy  as  our  only  hope,  I  am  amazed,  that  any 
should  ascribe  to  it  superior  efl[icacy  as  a  religion 
for  sinners,  as  a  means  of  filling  the  soul  with 
pious  trust  and  love."     He  nowhere  in  his  writ- 
ings dwells  upon  Christ's  propitiatory  offering  up 
of  himself  for  the  sins  of  the  world;  nowhere  cx- 
l)Kuiis  the  relation  of  the   Jewish  sacrifices  to 
Christ's   sacrifice ;    nowhere    alludes  to   Isaiah's 
l)rediclion  of  his   atoning  death ;  nor  to  Paul's 
teaching  of  juslilication  through  faith  in  his  blood, 
nor  to  the  song  of  the  heavenly  host  —  "  Worthy 
is  the  Lamb  that  was  slain,  and  hath  redeemed 
us  to  God  by  his  blood."     Instead  of  teacliing, 
that  God  sent  his  Son  from  heaven  to  die  on  the 
cross  to  atone  for  sin,  that  "  he  might  be  just  and 
the  justifier  of  him  who  belicveth,"  he  seems  to 
regard  the  death  of  Christ  as  having  no  relation 
to  God's  justice,  or  holy  government,  or  God'i 


m 


CUANNINO. 


CHARLEVOIX. 


I    1 


univcrac  of  moral  Ixinps,  but  only  as  in 
•omo  way  influencing  the  cimractcr  of  the  sinner ; 
for  in  hiH  luRt  address  he  NiiyC)  "Come,  Friend 
and  Saviour  of  the  race,  who  didst  slitd  thy  hlood 
upon  the  cross  to  reconcile  man  to  man,  and 
earth  to  heaven."  His  velioment  nssuiiitH  on 
Trinitorianism  and  Calvinism  are  chiefly  contained 
in  ills  sermons  at  the  ordination  of  J.  S])nrks, 
1819,  and  at  the  dedication  of  u  Unitarian  church 
In  New  York,  in  W2V>.  His  monument  at  Mount 
Auburn  was  desiffued  by  his  brother-in-law,  Mr. 
AUston.  He  i)ul)lishcd  a  volume  of  his  discourses, 
reviews,  etc.,  in  18;J0.  His  works  have  been  pub- 
lished in  six  volumes,  and  in  several  editions. 

CHANXIXG,  Edwaud  T.,  L.L.  ]).,  the  brother 
of  the  jjreccding,  died  iu  Boston,  Feb.  7,  18u(i, 
aged  05.  He  was  apjminted  professor  of  rhetoric 
at  Harvard  college  in  18 19. 

CHAl'lN,  Setii,  deacon,  an  officer  in  the  llev- 
olutionary  war,  died  at  Mendon,  Nov.  lo,  IfSS.'J, 
aged  79.  His  grandfather,  Joshua,  came  from 
Lancashire  with  a  brother  Gershom,  who  settled 
at  Springfield.  From  these  have  sprung  many 
ministers. 

CHAl'IN,  Walteu,  minister  of  Woodstock, 
Vermont,  died  July  22,  1827,  aged  48.  He  was 
an  efficient  friend  of  various  benevolent  societies. 
For  several  years  he  was  the  editor  of  a  small 
religious  paper,  which  was  discontinued  in  1824. 
He  published  a  valuable  comijilation,  the  Mission- 
ary Gazetteer. 

CHAPIN,  Joel,  died  in  nainbrid-e,  N.  Y.,  in 
1845,  aged  84.  A  soldier  of  the  Itcvolution,  then 
a  graduate  of  Dartmouth  in  1791,  he  settled  as  a 
minister  in  the  wilderness  on  the  Susquehannah, 
and  was  faithful  as  a  jjreacher  of  the  gospel. 

CHAPIN,  STEi'iliiN,  D.  I).,  (lied  at  Washing- 
ton, Oct.  1,  1845,  aged  67.  He  published  two  ser- 
mons at  Mount  Vernon,  N.  II.,  1809  j  at  an  ordi- 
nation, 1825. 

CILVPIN,  CALAiJf,  D.  D.,  born  in  Springfield, 
died  at  llocky  Hill  in  Wethersfield,  March  17, 
1851,  aged  87.  Ho  died  in  his  chair.  He  often 
said  of  Christ :  "  I  desire  to  see  him  as  he  is." 
He  lived  contented  on  a  salary  of  333  dollars, 
was  a  most  faithful  and  excellent  minister,  a  good 
scholar,  a  wise  man  of  incessant  industry,  a  good 
farmer,  a  good  mechanic,  a  skilful  bookbinder, 
of  never-failing  cheerfulness  and  good  humor,  en- 
jojing  great  liapjjiness  even  in  liis  old  age,  never 
lea\ing  his  beloved  homo  except  at  the  call  of 
public  duty.  Interesting  recollections  of  him  are 
in  thellecorder  of  July  17, 1850,  probably  by  Ur. 
Brace.  I  lis  wife,  whom  ho  loved,  Jerusha,  daugh- 
ter of  Dr.  Edwards,  died  Dec.  4,  1847,  aged  71. 
Of  liis  college  class  of  1788  only  two  are  alive; 
one  is  Daniel  Waldo,  aged  94,  now  chaplain  of 
congress.  He  was  a  founder  and  promoter  of  mis- 
sionary and  other  important  societies ;  for  thirty- 
two  years  secretary  of  the  American  board.     He 


'published  an  extraordinary  CMay,  rrcommcnd- 
i  ing,  —  in  his  zeal  for  temjierance,  —  the  substitu- 
tion of  water  for  wine  in  the  Lord's  Sujjper. 
j  I'robably  his  mistaken  advice  was  never  followed. 
He  ])ublislied  sermons  at  the  ordination  of  S. 
Whittlesey,  1807)  of  H.  Beckley,  1808;  on  the 
deatli  of  i'resident  Dwight,  1817';  of  Dr.  Miirsh, 
1821;  on  Christian  morals, — N.  Y.  VbHvrcer, 
March  27,  1851. 

CH.Vl'LIX,  I'^nENi^En,  minister  of  Jlillbur)-, 
Mass.,  was  ordained  Nov.  14,  1704,  and  after 
about  thirty  years  dismissed,  and  was  succeeded 
by  Mr.  Gofl'e.  He  died  at  Hardwiek,  Dec.  13, 
1822,  aged  89.  He  published  a  sermon  on  the 
death  of  Mr.  Webb,  U\bridge,  1772 ;  discourse 
on  pohtical  aflairs,  1773 ;  result  of  a  council, 
1793  ;  a  treatise  on  the  sacraments,  12mo.  1802. 

CHAPLIN,  Daniel,  D.  1).,  minister  of  Groton, 
Mass.,  was  a  descendant  of  Hugh  Chajjlin  of  Itow- 
Icy,  who  came  to  this  country  as  early  as  1038. 
He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1772, 
and  died  in  May,  1831,  aged  87.  His  son,  Dr. 
James  P.  Cha])lin,  a  very  resjjcctable  and  useful 
l)hysician  of  Cambridgei)ort,  died  Oct.  12,  1828, 
aged  40.  He  published  the  character  of  Itev. 
Mr.  AV right,  1802;  convention  sermon,  1808; 
before  a  charitable  society,  1814  ;  before  another, 
1815. 

CHAPLIN,  Jeremiah,  D.  D.,  jiresident  of 
Watervillc  co'.icge,  Maine,  died  in  May,  1841. 
Bom  in  Ilowley,  Jan.  2,  1770,  a  descendant  of 
Hugh  C,  one  of  the  first  settlers,  he  graduated  at 
Brown  in  1799;  preached  as  a  Baptist  minister  in 
Danvers  till  1818  ;  was  then  President  of  Water- 
\illG  college  till  1833,  when  he  resigned,  preaching 
afterwards  in  Ilowley,  and  in  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 

CHM'MAN,  Asa,  judge  of  the  sujircme  court 
of  Conn.,  was  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1792, 
and  in  a  few  years  commenced  the  practice  of  the 
law  at  Newtown,  rising  to  the  first  rank  in  his 
jjrofession.  In  1818  he  was  ajjpointed  to  the 
bench  of  the  sujjreme  court,  in  which  station  he 
was  upright  and  im])artial,  while  he  was  profound 
and  learned  as  a  jurist.  He  died  at  New  Haven 
Sept.  21,  1825,  aged  54. 

C'HAKDON,  Peteu,  a  Jesuit  missionar},  was 
employed  for  many  years  among  the  Indians  upon 
lake  Michigan.  He  began  his  labors  as  early  as 
1097,  and  continued  them  for  twenty-five  or 
thirty  years.  He  presided  over  the  mission  at 
the  village  of  Pouteautamis,  u])on  the  river  St. 
Josejjli,  and  he  labored  also  among  the  Sakis  at 
the  southern  extremity  of  Green  Bay,  or  bayc  des 
Puans,  as  it  was  called  by  the  French.  He  was 
acquainted  with  almost  all  the  languages  of  the 
Indians,  who  lived  on  the  lakes.  —  Cliarlcvoix, 
III,  392,  295 ;  Lettres  idif.  et  Curieiises,  XI.  372- 
378. 

CHARLEVOIX,  Peter  Filvncis  Xaviek  De, 
a  liistorical  writer,  who  Uved  a  number  of  years 


CHASE. 


CHASE. 


211 


in  Cnnndn,  died  in  1701,  npcd  'H.  lie  wns  bom 
nt  St.  (iuintin  in  Frnncc  in  KJSJ,  and,  cnti-rinK 
into  ilic  Koi'ii'ly  of  J.'suits,  Uw/M  tl'i-'  lanfjuiifjcs 
nnd  |lllilo^ol)lly  with  (jrent  rt'iiiitiUion.  liflorc 
tlio  VL'iir  ITl'O  lit'  iiiid  ri'sidi'd  Komo  time  in  (iiio- 
\)t'c,  iind  was  tonncctfil,  it  is  lii'licvcd,  with  the 
colli'iji'  ill  tliiit  ])l:itT.  l!y  order  of  tlio  kiiif;  he 
mndo  tt  voyn;,'f  to  Caniidu  in  17'J(>,  where  he  iir- 
rived  in  Se|iteniher.  I''roin  Quehee  he  jinsKed  np 
tlio  St.  Lawrence,  nnd  tlironj^htlie  lakes  to  Mieh- 
ilUinaekiiK'.c;  tlience  down  lalic  Mielii^jan,  and 
the  Illinois  and  Mississi|)i,i  rivers  to  New  Orleans, 
from  which  jilace  he  retnrncd,  tonchiiif?  ut  St. 
Dominj^o,  to  I'ranco  in  1722.  Dimn;?  this  jjeriod 
ho  collected  facts  for  his  history  of  Canada,  and 
kept  a  jonrnal,  which  he  ottcrwards  published, 
annexed  to  his  history.  After  his  arrival  in  his 
native  country,  he  had  a  princijial  concern  for 
twenty-four  years  in  the  journal  des  Trevoux. 
lie  published  in  rrench  the  history  of  Christian- 
ity in  Japan,  8  vols.  1710,  8vo. ;  the  life  of  Alary, 
1024,  12mo. ;  the  history  of  St.  Doiniiif^o,  2  vols. 
1731, 4to. ;  the  history  and  fjenernl  description  of 
Japan,  2  vols.  1730,  4tr,.,  and  9  vols.  12mo.,  coni- 
prisiiiff  all  that  is  valuable  in  Kcemiifer's  history 
of  that  country  ;  a  general  history  of  New  France, 
3  vols.  1744, 4to.,  and  0  vols.  12mo. ;  and  a  history 
of  Paraguay,  3  vols.  17.jG,  4to.  His  works  wore 
well  received ;  but  the  history  of  New  France,  or 
Canada,  is  deemed  jjeculiarly  valuable,  as  he  him- 
self visited  the  country  which  he  described,  and 
paid  j)articular  attention  to  the  manners  and  cus- 
toms of  the  Indians.  He  has  added  something 
uiion  botany  and  other  parts  of  natural  history  ; 
but  on  these  subjects  a  ])erfect  confidence  is  not 
placed  in  his  accuracy.  His  style  is  deiicient  in 
precision.  —  Xouo.  Diet.  llUtorique,  edit.  1804; 
Aikiii's  and  Nichulson's  General  Bioyraphy. 

ClIASFi,  Samuki,,  a  judge  of  the  sujjremc 
court  of  the  United  States,  died  Juno  19,  1811, 
aged  70.  He  was  the  son  of  Thomas  Chase,  an 
Episcopal  minister,  who  came  from  England,  and 
was  born  in  Somerset  county,  Maryland.  Under 
his  father,  who  removed  to  Baltimore  in  1743,  lie 
received  his  early  education.  He  studied  law  at 
Annapolis  and  there  settled  in  the  practice,  and 
"  his  talents,  industry,  introjiidity,  imposing  stat- 
ure, sonorous  voice,  Huont  and  energetic  elocution 
raised  him  to  distinction."  In  the  colonial  legis- 
lature he  vehemently  resisted  the  stamp  act.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  general  congress  at  Phila- 
delphia in  Sept.,  1774,  and  served  in  that  body 
several  years.  It  was  he  who  denounced  Mr. 
Zubly,  the  delegate  from  Georgia,  as  a  traitor, 
and  compelled  him  to  flee.  By  the  congress  he 
was  early  in  1776  sent  with  FrankUn  and  Carroll 
on  a  mission  to  Canada,  with  the  design  of  con- 
ciliating the  good  will  of  the  inhabitants.  When 
the  proposition  for  independence  was  before  con- 
gress, 08  he  had  been  prohibited  from  voting  for 


it  ))y  the  convention  of  Maryland,  he  immediately 
traversed   tlie   jirovinee   and   si'.inmoned   ccnmty 
meetings,  wlii-li  rhould  address  '         nnventioii. 
In  this  way  that  body  was  induced  .     .ote  for  in- 
depen(lence  j  nnd  with  this  authority  Mr.  Chaso 
leturned  again  to  congress  in  season  to  vote  for 
the  declaration.     In  17K3,  being  invited,  at  Balti- 
more, to  attend  a  debathig  dul)  of  young  men, 
the  indication  of  taletits  by  Wm.  Pinekner,  then 
clerk  to  an  niiothecary,  induced  him  to  jiatronizo 
the  young  man,  who  afterwards  rose  to  great  em- 
inence.    In  the  same  year  he  went  to  I-Jigland  as 
tlie  agent  of  the  State  of  JIaryland,  to  reclaim  a 
large  amount  of  property,  which  had  been   in- 
trusted to  the  bank  of  England.     At  a  subsequent 
period  the  State  recovered  Gtj0,000  dollars.     In 
I'.ngland  he  became  acquainted  with  Pitt,  Fox, 
and  liurke.     In  1780  he  removed  to  Baltimore  at 
the  recpiest  of  Col.  Howard,  who  presented  him 
with  n  square  of  ten  lots  of  land,  on  which  he 
built  a  house.    In  Annapolis  ho  had  been  the  re- 
corder of  the  city,  and  performed  his  duties  highly 
to  the  acceiitance  of  liis  fellow-citizens.    In  1788 
he  was  appointed  the  presiding  judge  of  a  court 
for  the  county  of  Baltimore.     In  1790  he  was  a 
member  of  the  convention  in  Maryland  for  con- 
sidering the  constitution  of  the  United  States, 
which  he  did  not  deem  sufficiently  democraticol. 
In  1791  ho  was  appointed  chief  justice  of  the 
general  court  of  Maryland.     His  characteristic 
ilrmiiess  was  manifested  in  1794,  when,  on  occa- 
sion of  a  riot  and  the  tarring  and  feathering  of 
some  obnoxious  persons,  he  caused  two  popular 
men  to  be  arrested  as  ring-leaders.     Ilefusing  to 
give  bail,  he  directed  the  sheriff  to  take  them  to 
])rison ;  but  the  sheriff  was  apprehensive  of  re- 
sistance.    "  Call  out  the  posse  comitatus,  then," 
exclaimed   the  judge.     "Sir,"  said  the  sheriff,  . 
"  no  one  will  serve."    "  Summon  mc,  then,"  cried 
the  judge ;  "I  will  be  the  jiosse  comitatus,  and  I 
will  take  them  to  jail."    This  occurred  on  Satur- 
day.    He  demanded  assistance  from  the  governor 
and  council.     On  Jlonday  the  security  was  given ; 
but  on  that  day  the  grand  jury,  instead  of  finding 
a  bill  against  the  offender,  presented  the  judge 
himself  for  holding  what  they  deemed  two  incom- 
patible offices,  those  of  judge  in  the  criminal  and 
general  courts.     But  the  judge  calmly  informed 
them  that  they  touched  upon  topics  beyond  their 
province. 

In  1790  he  was  appointed  an  associate  judge 
of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States,  in 
which  station  he  continued  fifteen  years.    Yet  in 

1804,  at  the  instigation  of  John  Uandolph,  he 
was  impeached  by  the  house  of  representatives, 
accused  of  various  misdemeanors  in  some  politi- 
cal trials,  as  of  Fries,  Callender,  &e.  His  trial 
before  the  senate  ended  in  his  acquittal  March  5, 

1805.  On  five  of  the  eight  charges  a  majority 
acquitted  liim;  on  the  others  a  majority  was 


212 


CHASE. 


;  Ml 


ill! 

ij: 

1 1  nil. 


nRninst  him,  hut  not  (he  rcqiiirrrl  ntimhcr  of  two- 
thirdH.  ItiH  hciiltli  fiiil('<l  ill  lNI|,nii(l  he  clrarly 
daw  thnt  ho  was  ii|)i)r()iu'hiiif,'  tlic  j^'nivo.  A  short 
time  l)c(orc  his  (U'uth  hi'  jmrtook  of  the  8ucrii- 
mcnt,  nnd  dcchirctl  liiinsclf  to  lie  in  jicaeo  willi 
all  niani\iii(l.  In  liin  will  he  ])roliiliiti'd  any 
mourning  dress  on  his  nccotiiit,  and  r('(|iiested  a 
plain  inscriiition  on  his  toniii  of  only  his  name 
and  the  date  of  his  birth  and  death.  His  widow, 
l!annah  Kitty,  died  in  Baltimore  in  IHIS,  a^ed 
9!J.  Jiid},'e  Chase  was  a  man  of  eminent  talents 
nnd  of  };reat  coiira^je  and  firmness.  ]hit,  iiiilia])- 
])ily,  he  was  iraseible  nnd  vehement.  More  of 
humility  and  more  of  mildness  would  luive  jjre- 
served  him  from  much  trouhlc.  Yet  was  he  a 
zealous  jiatriot  and  n  sincere  nnd  ullectioiKite 
friend,  nnd  iiotwithstandinp;  some  of  the  imper- 
fections of  man,  his  name  deserves  to  he  hell  in 
honor.  A  report  of  hiti  trial  was  i)ul)lished.  — 
OondricJi'n  LiccH  ;  Envyc.  Jiiicricdiid. 

CIIASK,  IIaxnaii,  widow  of  Stephen  Cha.io,  a 
Quaker,  died  in  Unity,  Me.,  .Tune  '21, 181.),  n;,'ed 
100  years.  She  wns  horn  in  Swanze)'.  She  lelt 
ten  children,  sixty-six  f,'raiidchildren,  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty  great-grandchildren,  nnd  twelve 
of  the  fifth  gcncrntif)n.  At  her  funeral  one  hun- 
dred and  filly  dcscendant.s  were  present;  one 
hundred  nnd  thirty  walked  in  the  funeral  train. 

CHASE,  1)UUI,i:y,  died  in  llandolj)!!,  Vt.,  in 
1840,  a  grnduute  of  Dartmouth  in  17S)9.  lie  was 
many  years  a  senator  of  Uio  United  StiUes.  In 
1817  ho  was  chief  justice  of  Vermont. 

CHASE,  l'llii..V.\i)i:n,  ]).}).,  bishop  of  Illinois, 
died  nt  I'coria  Sept.  20,  1852,  aged  70.  Horn  in 
Cornish,  N.  II.,  he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in 
179G,  nnd  was  ordained  in  1799,  being  rector  at 
Poughkecpsio,  New  Orleans,  nnd  Hartford,  lie 
was  bishop  of  Ohio  twelve  years,  of  Illinois  sev- 
entecn  years  ;  nnd  ho  also  was  president  of  Jubi- 
lee college.  He  previously,  in  1827,  laid  the 
corner  stone  of  Kenyon  college  nnd  seminary  in 
Ohio,  of  wliich  he  wns  president.  He  published 
Plea  for  the  West,  18'2() ;  Stnr  of  Kenyon  col- 
lege, 1828;  Defence  of  Kenyon  college,  1831. 

CHASE,  Hf..\ry,  pastor  of  the  ^lariner's 
church.  New  York,  died  July  8,  18u3,  and  was 
buried  at  Middletown.  On  the  i)receding  Sab- 
bath he  preached  from  the  text,  "  I  would  not 
live  alway." 

CHASE,  Stephicx,  professor,  died  at  Hano- 
ver Jan.  7.  1851,  aged  37.  A  graduate  in  1832, 
ho  was  chosen  professor  of  mathematics  in  1838. 

CHASSE,  Piicuhe  dk  la,  a  Jesuit  missionaiy, 
in  1710  conducted  to  Quebec  a  party  of  Abena- 
quis  Indians  from  Maine.  Their  presence  was 
acceptable  to  Vaudreuil,  the  governor.  For  many 
years  before  this  ho  had  been  a  missionary. 
About  1720  he  was  superior-general  of  missions. 
In  July,  1721,  he  wrote  a  letter  to  the  governor 
of  JIassachusetts  concerning  the  detention  of 


CIIAUMOXOT. 

dome  Indians  as  j)risonrrs  in  Iloston,  threntrninff 
reprisals  After  the  death  of  Kale,  I, a  ChaKsu 
re(|ueHte(l  of  the  superior  of  the  seminary,  that 
priiyers  might  be  made  for  the  repose  of  his  soul ; 
the  old  man  replied,  in  the  words  of  Augustin, 
that  a  martyr  <hd  not  need  jirnyers.  With  the 
characteristic  policy  of  the  Jesuits,  he  represented 
to  the  governor  that  some  measures  were  requisite 
to  attach  the  Indians  in  Maine  to  the  French  — 
thnt  grace  often  needed  the  co-operation  of  men, 
and  that  temporal  interest  often  ser\'cd  an  the 
vehicle  of  faith.  —  Charlevoix,  II. 

CHASTELLUX,  F.  J.  Maikjuih  di:,  was  a 
member  of  the  French  academy,  nnd  field  mnr- 
sluil  of  France.  Ho  served  in  America  in  the 
Uevolutionary  war.  His  travels  in  North  Amer- 
ica in  1780-1782  were  imblished  at  Paris  in  1780, 
and  translated,  in  two  vols,  1787.  He  published 
also  a  work  on  ])ublic  ha]iphiess,  and  a  translation 
of  a  poem  liy  Humphreys. 

CILVUMONOT,  J().SEi'n,  a  Jesuit  missionar' 
among  the  Indians  of  North  America,  wap  an 
Italian.  He  labored  with  indefatigable  zeal  fir 
more  than  half  a  century  among  the  nativep  m 
Canada.  He  was  among  the  Hurons,  who  Uvod 
north  of  Lake  Erie,  as  early  as  1042,  and  in  the 
following  year  spent  some  time  with  a  tribe  to  the 
southeast,  which  was  called  the  neutral  nation, 
because  they  did  not  then  engage  in  the  war  be- 
tween the  Iroquois  and  the  Hurons.  From  the 
latter  they  derived  their  origin.  In  the  year 
1055,  when  he  was  the  oldest  missionary  in  New 
France,  ho  visited  the  Ononda'^as  at  their  request, 
and  made  a  nun.ber  of  conviri/,  some  of  whom 
were  the  principal  men  of  tiio  tribe.  This  mis- 
sion, however,  Wiis  soon  abandoned,  though  it  was 
afterwards  resumed.  About  the  year  1070  lie 
established  the  mission  of  Lorctto,  three  leagues 
northeast  from  Quebec,  where  he  collected  a 
number  of  Indians  of  the  Huron  tribe.  The 
Hurons  resided  originally  northward  of  lake 
Erie,  and  it  was  in  consequence  of  the  wars,  in 
which  they  were  engaged  with  other  tribes,  that 
they  were  induced  to  go  down  the  St.  Lawrence. 
The  name  of  Hurons  was  given  them  on  account 
of  the  manner  in  which  they  dressed  their  hair. 
As  they  cut  it  for  the  most  part  very  short,  nnd 
turned  it  up  in  a  fantasl'cal  way,  so  as  to  give 
themselves  a  frightful  appearance,  the  French 
cried  out,  when  they  first  saw  them,  "  quelles 
hures  !  "  What  wild  boars'  heads !  They  were 
afterwards  called  Hurons.  Champlain  calls  them 
Ochasteguins ;  but  their  true  name  is  Yendats, 
with  the  French  pronunciation.  Their  descend- 
ants, the  Wyandots,  on  the  southwestern  side  of 
Lake  Erie,  were  in  1809  under  the  care  of  Joseph 
Badger,  a  missionary  from  New  England,  who 
had  been  with  them  two  or  three  years  with  the 
most  flattering  prospects  of  rescuing  them  from 
barbarism.    Cbaumonot  composed  a  grammar  of 


CIIAUNCEY. 


CTIAUNCY. 


21 


the  Huron  lanffiiaf»c. —  Chiii-h-\-iiix,\.;  Vnirfr-' 
mil  1/i.stfii!/;  XXXIX.  Ij'i  Ldtn:i  alij'.  JJt  cur.  ^ 
XXIII.  •_'!. •{-•_'!«.  I 

CirAL'NCI'.Y,  IsAvr,  comniodoro,  <lic'(l  nt 
WiiNliiiii^toii  June  27,  INK).  He  wan  one  of  tli(> 
Hi'iiior  oHiciTs  of  the  navy  i  i)rL'siili'iit  of  the  board 
of  niivv  roiiimiNKioiiers. 

CHAUN('I',Y,('!lAKi.i.s,LI,.l)...lie(latHiirlinK- 
ton,  N.  J.,  Ann.  :t(),  lHli»,  n;,'('(l  ".'{.     A  f;>''"l>'!>'>-'  ! 
of  Ynlc  in    17!)'J,  ho  wiih  nn  eminent  hiwyer  in 
I'hilndelphin.     In  iiis  nnc  lie  retired  to  U. 

ClIAUNCY,  t'll.\Ul,l.s,  tlie  second  |>rcHi(h'nt  of 
llnrvard  college,  died  Feb.  19,  1(J72,  n};ed  81. 
He  waH  horn  in  Hertfordshire,  l',ngland,  in  l.jH!), 
and  was  the  son  of  fieo.  Chnuney.  Ho  was  at 
Westminster  school,  which  adjoined  to  the  jjar- 
liamcnt  house,  at  tho  time  of  the  gunpowder  jjlot, 
and  must  have  perished,  if  the  scheme  had  been 
executed.  After  leaving  Westminster,  ho  was 
admitted  a  student  of  Trinity  college,  Cambridge, 
and  attained  the  degree  of  bachelor  of  divinity. 
He  was  soon  chosen  professor  of  Hebrew;  but 
the  vice  chancellor,  Dr.  Williams,  wishing  to 
bestow  this  ottico  upon  a  kinsman,  Mr.  Chauncy 
was  chosen  j)rofe8sor  of  Greek.  Ho  went  from 
the  university  an  eminent  preacher  of  the  gosjjel. 
Ho  was  first  settled  in  the  ministry  at  Marstow, 
but  afterwards  became  vicar  of  Ware  in  the 
beginning  of  1627,  in  which  place  his  success  in 
the  conversion  and  edification  of  souls  was 
remarkably  great.  He  had  at  this  time  serious 
objections  to  the  discipline,  and  to  some  of  the 
articles  of  the  established  church,  nnd  in  about 
two  years  he  began  to  suffer  for  his  nonconform- 
ity to  the  hiventions  of  man  in  the  worship  of 
God.  In  1621)  he  was  charged  with  asserting  in 
a  sermon,  that  idolatry  was  admitted  into  the 
church  J  that  the  preacliing  of  the  gospel  would 
be  suppressed ;  and  that  much  atheism,  popery, 
arminianism,  and  heresy  had  crept  into  the 
church ;  and,  after  being  questioned  in  the  high 
commission  court,  his  cause  was  referred  to  Dr. 
William  Laud,  the  bishop  of  London,  his  ordi- 
nary, who  required  him  to  make  a  submission  in 
Latin.  He  was  again  brought  before  the  same 
court  in  163o,  when  Laud  was  archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury. The  crime,  of  which  he  was  now  ac- 
c.scd,  was  opposing  the  making  of  a  rail  ai-omid 
tho  communion-table  of  his  church,  as  an  innova- 
tion and  a  snare  to  men's  consciences.  He  was 
pronoimced  guilty  of  contempt  of  ecclesiastical 
government  and  of  raising  a  schism,  and  was  sus- 
jjcndcd  from  his  ministry  till  he  should  make  in 
open  court  a  recantation,  acknowledging  liis 
great  oflcncc,  and  protesting  that  he  was  per- 
suaded in  liis  conscience,  that  kneeling  at  the 
sacrament  was  lawful  and  commendable,  and  that 
the  rail  set  up  in  the  chancel,  with  the  bench  for 
kneeling,  was  a  decent  and  convenient  ornament, 
and  promising  never  to  oppose  cither  that  or  any 


other  laudable  rile  or  nrcniony  jirpscrihed  in  the 
churc'ii  of  l''.nj;lan(l.     lie  was  Kciiti'ncrd  to  pay 
the   costs  of  suit,  which  were  great,  and  to   im- 
prisonment   till  he  complii'il  with   the  order  of 
court,     liis  rorutiidc  failed  him  in  tho  midst  of 
his  Rutrcrings,  and  contrary  to  his  conHcience  lie 
made  the  recanlalioii  I'l'li.  1 1.     l''or  his  weitknesH 
and  folly  ho  ever  roproachi'd  hiniscif.     Ho  soon 
repoiifcd  of  his  subiiiivsion,  and  iioforo  ho  camo  to 
N'ow  I'.ngland  made  a  solemn  retractation,  which 
was  afterwards  jirintcd  in  London.     In  the  jjrc- 
face  of  his  last  will    ho  particularly  laments,  as 
"still  fresh  bot'oro  him,  his  many  sinful  compli- 
ances with  and  conformity  unto  vile  human  inven- 
tions, will-worship,  sii]iersiitioii,   and    )mtchories 
slilchcd  into  the  service  of  tho  Lord,  which  tho 
I'^nglish  mass  book,  the  l)ook  of  common  prayer, 
and    the   ordination    of    priests,   etc.,   are    fully 
fraught  withal."     Ho  proceeds  to  charge  his  ])os- 
tority   with   tho   groalost   warmth   of   zeal    and 
solemnity  of  language,  as  they  would  answer  for 
their  conduct  at  tho  tribunal  of  Christ,  "not  to 
conform,  as  he  had  done,  to  rites  and  ceremonies 
in  religious  worship  of  man's  devising  and  not  of 
God's  ap])ohilmont."     lioing  silenced  for  refusing 
to   read   the  book    of  sjiorts,  he  determined  to 
seek  the  peaceable  enjoyment  of  the   rights  of 
conscieneo  in   Now  Knghuul.      He  accordingly 
came  to  this  country,  and  arrived  at  Plymouth  a 
few  days  before  tho  groat  earthquake  of  Juno  1, 
ItiiiH.      He  continued  in  that  town  about  three 
years,  assisting  ^Ir.  Uoyner  in  his  jiublie  labors ; 
but,  being  invited  to  take  the  ])astoral  charge  of 
the  church  at  Seituate,  he  was  again  ordained,  and 
continued  in  that  place  about  twelve  years,  faith- 
fully performing  the  duties  of  the  sacred  office. 
The  ecclesiastical   state  of   England  had   now 
assumed  a  new  appearance,  and,  as  his  maintcn- 
nance  at  Seituate  was  so  dis])roportionate  to  the 
necessities  of  his  family  that  he  was  sometimes 
unable  to  procure  bread,  he  resolved  to  accept  the 
invitation,  which  he  received  from  his  peojile  in 
Ware,  to  return  to  them.    One  cause  of  his  diffi- 
culties was  the  opposing  influence  of  Mr.  Vassall, 
which  issued  in  the  establishment  of  the  second 
church.    At  this  period  Mr.  Chauney's  worldly 
wealth  consisted  of   a  house  and  about  sixty 
acres  of  land.     His  predecessor  at  Seituate  was 
John  Lathrop.    He  went  to  Boston  to  eml)ark 
fo"-  Great  Britain,  but  the  presidentship  of  Har- 
vard college  being  at  that  time  vacant  by  the 
resignation  of  Mr.  Dunstor,  he   was  requested, 
Nov.  2,  1(554,  to  accejjt  that  office.    As  he  was  of 
opinion  that  the  bajjtism  of  infants  and  adults 
should  be  by  immersion,  and  that  the  Lord's 
suppef  should  be  celebrated  in  the  evening,  the 
overseers  of  the  college  desired  him  to  forbear 
disseminating  his  peculiar  sentiments.    He  had 
no  difficulty  in  yielding  to  their  wishes.     He  was 
inducted  into  the  office  of  president  Nov.  27, 1654, 


214 


ClIAUNCY. 


CIIAUN'CY. 


and  continiird  in  thU  Rtntion  till  hiN  deal}).  Ifc 
led  lu'liiiii!  Iiiiii  nix  noiim,  all  of  ulioin  were  ^'niil- 
Ufttcfl  nt  lliirviird  ('ullc^rr,  and  were  prcacluTK. 
Tlicy  were,  iNuac,  a  ^radiiat<'  dC  Ki.'il,  whn  wni* 
paHtor  of  Itcrry  Strci't  cliiircli,  I.diidufi,  ami  liad 
for  his  nhNixtaiit  ])r.  WattH  in  liillH,  and  liy  him 
wn8  Hticcc'cdrd  in  ITOI  ;  Iclialidd,  a  ^'raduatc  of 
KI.jI,  who  waM  chapl.iin  of  a  rcjfinicnt  at  Dnii- 
kirli !  Ilania))as,  a  ^'ludiialc  of  l(i>'i7  ;  Nutlianicl, 
a  K>"<"li'iil''  "f  Ki'il,  niiniHtcr  of  Windsor,  who 
ri'inovcd  to  Hatfield  KiTl'  and  died  Nov.  I,  KiN.j; 
Khmthan,  a  Ki''"l""'t'  <>''  "'"I.  "  iiliyNician  in 
DoNton;  and  iHrucl.  His  daiif^htor,  Sarah,  niar- 
rii'd  O.  Unlkli'V.  All,  who  bear  the  name  of 
Chauncy  in  America,  ore  jirohably  his  desceiid- 
ants. 

I'retiidcnt  Chauncy  wn»  a  diNtin(,'iiished 
scholar,  liein)^  intimately  nc(|iiainted  with  the 
Hebrew,  Clreck,  and  Latin  lan;,'uaf?eH.  He  en- 
joyed an  ojiportimity  of  perfecting  his  knowledjje 
of  tl>e  former  by  livinj,'  one  year  in  the  same 
house  with  a  Jew.  He  was  well  versed  also  in 
the  sciences,  esjiecially  in  theolo;,'y,  which  was  his 
favorite  study.  To  his  other  accpiisitions  he 
added  some  skill  in  ])hysic,  and  thus  he  was 
enabled  to  prescribe  for  bodily  diseases,  as  well 
as  to  cure  those  of  the  mind.  He  jjrcsided  over 
the  college  with  dignity  and  reputation,  and  some 
of  the  most  eminent  men  in  the  country,  as  In- 
crease Mather,  Willard,  Stoddard,  and  Judge 
Scwall,  were  educated  under  his  care.  To  those 
students,  who  were  destined  for  the  ministry,  he 
addressed  these  words :  "  When  you  are  your- 
selves interested  in  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ  and  his 
righteousness,  you  will  be  fit  to  teach  others." 
When  he  attended  jirayers  in  the  college  hoU  in 
the  morning,  he  usually  expounded  a  ehn])ter  of 
the  old  testament,  which  was  first  read  from  the 
Hebrew  by  one  of  liis  ])upils,  and  in  the  evening 
a  chapter  of  the  new  testament,  road  from  the 
Greek.  On  the  mornings  of  the  Lord's  day, 
instead  of  an  exposition,  he  preached  a  sermon 
of  about  three  (juarters  of  an  hour  ui  length. 
Once  a  fortnight  in  the  forenoon  his  labors  were 
enjoyed  by  the  congregation  of  Cambridge.  As 
a  preacher  he  was  animated  and  learned,  yet 
remarkably  jdain,  being  mindful  of  the  imi)or- 
tance  of  accommodating  himself  to  the  under- 
standings .  f  all  his  hearers.  In  a  letter  to  a 
brother  in  the  ministry  he  ad\-iscd  him  not  to  use 
any  dark,  Latin  words,  or  any  derived  from  Latin, 
lest  he  should  not  be  understood ;  and  enjoined 
it  upon  him  to  be  much  in  jjrayer  to  God,  as  the 
surest  way  to  success  in  his  labors.  The  subjects, 
■whic.i  he  thought  imjjortant  to  be  preached,  are 
the  misery  of  the  natural  state  of  man,  the  neces- 
sity of  union  with  Christ,  and  the  fruits  of  justi- 
fying faith  in  love  and  good  works.  He  believed 
that  Jesus  Christ,  I)y  sutt'ering  the  full  i)unishment 
due  to  the  sins  of  the  elect,  made  satisfaction  to 


divine  juHtice,  and  that  faith  justifleH  by  reocivinn 
the  rigliteonsneNN  of  the  SaNiunr,  whicli  in  ini|iiitrd 
to  belieMrs.  He  was  exceedingly  srilieitnuH  to 
exclude  workH  from  iiny  share  in  the  antecedent 
condition  of  juslilleatlon  ;  \el  few  insisted  more 
upon  their  uecesKity  in  all  the  justified. 

Mv  was  an  indefatigable  student,  making  it  his 
constant  practice  to  rise  at  four  o'clock  in  tliii 
morning;  but  his  studies  did  not  interrup.  his  in- 
tercourse with  lu'uven,  for  he  usually  ih'voted  hcv- 
eral  hours  in  the  course  of  the  day  to  secret 
prayer.  Immediately  alter  he  rose  from  bed,  at 
eleven  o'clock,  at  four  in  tlu;  afternoon,  and  at 
nine,  he  retired  from  the  world  to  commune  with 
the  l''ather  of  nu-rcies.  ]  le  kept  a  diary,  in  which, 
under  the  heads  of  sins  and  mercies,  he  recorded 
his  iinperfectiims,  and  the  blessings  which  were 
im|)nrted  to  iiim.  His  temper  was  passionate, 
but  he  endeavored  to  subdue  it ;  and,  such  was  his 
conscientiousness  and  self-insj)ection,  that,  when 
his  better  resolutions  were  overcome  by  the 
warmtli  of  his  feelings,  he  would  inuncdiately  re- 
tire to  hundile  himself  before  (>od  and  to  seek  his 
mercy.  He  kept  nuuiy  days  of  fasting  and 
prayer,  sometimes  alone,  and  sometimes  with  his 
family  and  a  few  of  his  pious  neiglibors.  Such  was 
his  attention  to  tlios:'  whose  religious  instruction 
was  more  ])eculiarly  his  duty,  that,  every  morning 
and  evening,  after  he  had  expounded  a  cbajiter  of 
the  Uible  in  his  family,  he  would  endeavor  by 
suitable  questions  to  im]iress  the  truths  jiresented, 
ujion  the  minds  of  his  children  and  servants. 

This  venerable  man,  when  he  had  travelled  be- 
yond the  boundaries  of  fourscore,  was  )et  able  to 
preach  and  to  sujjcrintend  the  concerns  of  the  col- 
lege. His  friends  at  this  period  observed  to  him, 
as  he  was  going  to  preach  on  a  winter's  day,  that 
he  would  certainly  die  in  the  ])uli)it ;  but  he 
pressed  more  vigorously  through  the  snow-drift, 
replying,  "  How  glad  should  I  be  if  this  should 
])rove  true !  "  He  was  induced,  on  account  of  the 
infirmities  of  ago,  to  address  to  his  friends  a  fare- 
well oration  on  the  day  of  commencement  in 
1071,  after  which  he  sent  for  his  children  and 
blessed  them.  He  now  waited  for  his  departure. 
When  he  was  stretched  on  the  bed  of  death,  and 
tlie  flame  of  life  was  almost  extinct,  he  was  de- 
sired by  Mr.  Oakes  to  give  a  sign  of  his  hope 
and  assurance  of  future  glory.  The  sijccchless 
old  man  accordingly  lifted  up  his  hands  towards 
heaven,  and  liis  spirit  soon  rushed  forth,  and  en- 
tered eternity. 

He  published  a  sermon  on  Amos  il.  11, 
preached  in  the  college  hall  in  lOJJ,  entitled, 
God's  mercy  showed  his  people  in  giving  them  a 
faitliful  ministry,  and  schools  of  learning  for  the 
continuance  thereof.  In  this  sermon  he  speaks 
of  the  wearing  of  long  hair,  particularly  by  stu- 
dents aiid  mhiisters,  with  the  utmost  detestation, 
and  represents  it  as  a  heathenish  practice,  and  as 


'li  'i 


ClIAl'SCY. 


CIIAUNCY. 


215 


ono  of  the  cT\\nif  m'lis  ■  t  il  •  Innd.  Tn  \)\U  »cnfl- 1 
niciit  lie  WHS  MU|i|iortii|  '  N  iiic  (if  tlif  inimt  cli.^- 
tiii;ji|i»lifil  men  of  that  diiv.  I  If  takcM  iKTiisii):i 
at  tlifNnnir  tiinctd  n|irflicn(l  tho  criniiniil  iii-jflcet  i 
of  till'  piMipIr  uitli  rcuMrd  totlii'  Niiitalilc  luuiiitcM- 
aiu'c  of  iniiii'tcrN.  lie  |iiil>lislinl  iiIn<i  tlic  cliTtioll 
HcrniDii,  Kl.'itl;  mill  i\  volurnc  of  t\vi'iity-»ix  hit- | 
inonN  nil  jiistificiiticiM,  lir>!>,  Ito.  lli'  |ml>IlKlii'il  in 
Klllli  tlic  AiitiMyii(i(lali:i  Vinrrieniiii,  iti  o|i|ii)Kitiiin 
to  tlu'  ri'siill  of  till-  Sxiind  of  KHJ'J,  wliicli  tiiiidc  ii 
]i<'r!liiiiH  innovation  )>y  adniittiii)^  to  Itaiitixin  tlic 
cliiidrcn  of  iIionc  who  did  not  partake  of  the 
l.ord'o  NiippiT.  Ill  his  rcsiHlancc  he  iiad  the  aid 
of  Mr.  Davenport  anil  InrrcaNu  Mather.  On  tlie 
otiier  ^iide  were  Mr.  .Mien  of  llediiain,  wlio 
niiHwered  the  AntisMiodalia,  Kieliard  .Matlier,  and 
Mr.  Miteliell.  I'reNideiit  Cliaiiney'H  niniiuseriiitN 
fell  into  tlie  ImndH  of  the  widow  of  hin  son,  Na- 
thaniel Chaiincy  of  Katlield  ;  iiiid.aH  nhe  married  a 
Northaniiiton  deaeim,  who  ftuliNiHted  prineipally 
by  making  and  nellin;^  jiies,  these  learned  and 
])i()us  writiii(;s  were  not  sulfered  to  deeuy.  Iteiii); 
pnt  to  the  liottom  of  tlie  ])ieN,  they  rendered  fjoml 
service  liy  KJiieldin;;  them  from  the  Ncorchiii)^  of 
the  oven  !  Ily  reason  of  this  sad  fiite  of  his  an- 
cestor's manii^eriiits  Dr.  Channey  resolved  to  hnni 
his  own  j  hut  he  failed  to  (h)  it.  —  Miithcr's  Minj- 

wiiia,ui.  i;j:j-ini  IV.  V2H;  (:„ii.Jiiiii.,Soc.i\. 

111.;  .\.  ai,  171-180;  .1.  s.  IV.  U4(i.  ItUKhworlli'.s 
Hint.  Coll.  II.  ;M,  IlKi;  Xeal's  K  JJ.,  I.  aH7-31K); 
JJiilrhiii.i(tii,  I.  ^5!);  Holmes,  I.  303,  301. 

ClIAUNX'Y,  Xatiiamkl,  minister  of  Hatfield, 
died  Nov.  4,  IfiHO.  Jle  was  the  son  of  I'resident 
Chauncy,  a  fijradimtc  of  10(il.  After  heiiifj  for 
Bome  time  the  minister  of  Windsor,  he  removed 
to  II.  in  1072,  His  widow  married  Mr.  I'omeroy 
of  Northampton. 

CIIAUNCY,  CiiAiiLEH,  died  June  13,  109j.  A 
f;randsim  of  I'resident  C,  lie  graduated  in  lOHO, 
and  was  settled  in  109.J  at  I'oiiuannock,  made  up 
partly  of  Stratford  and  Fairfield,  the  Hoeiety  being 
caUed  Stratiield. 

CIIAUNCY,  Israel,  minister  of  Stratford,  Comi., 
the  son  of  President  Chauncy,  was  graduated  at 
Harvard  college  in  1001,  and  ordained  at  Strat- 
ford ill  1005.  At  his  ordination.  Elder  lirinsmead, 
one  of  the  lay  brethren,  nssistcd  in  imjiosing 
hands,  and  wore  his  mittens ;  on  which  account 
the  Episcopalians  called  the  induction  "  the 
leather-mitten  ordination."  It  is  jirohahle,  that 
elders  or  ininisterH  also  imjiosed  their  liaiulH  on 
him,  and  that  this  was  not,  as  in  the  case  of  Mr. 
Carter,  a  purely  lay  ordination.  He  died  March 
14,  1703,  aged  08,  leaving  two  sonn,  Charles  and 
Isaac,  whose  posterity  are  in  England. 

CIIAUNCY,  IsjUC,  minister  of  lladlcy,  Mass., 

son  of  the  j)reccding,  was  graduated  at  Harvard 

■  college  in  1093,  ordained  Sept.  9,  1090,  and  died 

May  2,  1745,  aged  74.     His  second  wife  was  the 

widow  of   Key.    Josej)h   Metcalf  of   Falmouth, 


Mann,  llin  daughter  married  Hov.  Mr.  (irnlnim 
of  Soulhlinry,  of  whoin  llev.  i)r.  Chaiini'N  I.ee 
was  n  graiiiKim.  Two  other  daiighterM  inariieU 
iiiiiiiHterH,  r.^talirook  and  (i.  Itawtmi.  His  suc- 
cessor was  C.  Williams.  He  piihlislied  a  Kermiin 
on  the  death  of  John  Williams  of  DeiHIeld,  June 
12,  1729,  which  disjilayM  vi'ry  ciinsidiralile  learn- 
ing and  tasti",  iinemnnion  for  the  time. 

(ll.MNCY,  Naiiiamii.,  ininiNier  of  Durham, 
Conn.,  died  Feb.  1(1,  17N7,  aged  82,  in  the  (10th 
Near  of  his  ministry.  He  was  the  son  of  Nathaniel 
Chaiiney,  iniiiister  of  Windsor  and  Hatlield.  He 
was  in  the  llrst  class  at  Yale  college,  all  of  whom 
were  niinisterN,  and  graduated  in  1702.  He  was 
ordained  l''i'li.  7,  1711,  and  died  !''el).  1,  17.(0. 
His  siieeessor  was  I'.liziir  (ioodriih.  From  1740 
to  I7.V2  he  was  a  trustee  of  the  college.  He  pul>- 
lislied  the  election  sermon  ill  1719,  also  in  1734. 
—  Tniniliiill,  I.  :)2(). 

CHAUNCY,  CllAUi,l-.H,  I).  ]).,  minister  in  Uos- 
tiin,  was  born  in  that  town  Jan.  1,  1705,  and  was 
a  descendant  of  I'resident  Chaiincy.     He  was  the 
son  of  .Mr.  Charles  (',,  a  merchant  of  Hoston,  who 
died  about  1712.     His  father  was  the  eldest  son 
of  Uev.   Isaac  Chauncy  of  liOiidoii.      Entering 
Harvard  college  at  twelve  years  of  age,  he  received 
his  first  degree  in  1721.     He  was  ordained  jjastor 
of  the  first  church  in  Hoston,  as  colleague  with 
Mr.  l'\)Xcroft,  Oct.  25,   1727,  and  enjoyed  for  a 
few  years  the  assistance  of  J)r.  Clarke.     He  was 
eminent  for  his  learning,  and  for  the  sjiirit  of  in- 
dependence, which  marked  his  inquiries.     Iteing 
placed  by  Divine  I'rovidence  in  a  situaticm  which 
alforded  him  much  leisvre,  he  was  diligent  in  his 
search  after  truth.     He  formed  the  resolution  to 
see  for  himself,  to  understand,  if  jiossible,  all  the 
articles  of  his  creed,  and  not  to  teach  for  the  doc- 
trines of  Christ  the  commandments  of  men.     The 
result  of  his  inipiiries  in  some  instances  did  not 
correspond  with  the  opinions  embraced  generally 
by  liis  brethren  in  the  ministry ;  but  he  adopted 
them  after  patient  investigation,  and  he  believed 
them  himself  to  be  founded  on  the  Scrijitures. 
His  favorite  authors  were  Tillotson  and  Uaxter. 
Soon  after  Mr.  'Whitefield  came  to  this  country, 
when  his  ijreaching  was  attended  with  very  re- 
markable ctl'ects,  and  many  disorders  accomjianied 
the   reformation   produced.   Dr.   Chauncy   stood 
forth  in  ojiposition  to  him.     He  could  not  easily 
admit,  that  any  good  could  be  done  by  an  itiner- 
ant i)reaclicr,  "  who  jilayed  the  bishop  in  another 
man's  parish,"  as  he  rendered  I.  I'eter,  iv.  12, 
"and  who  went  out  of  his  proper  line  of  things." 
Believing  that  the  welfare  of  the  churches  was 
endangered,  he  travelled  several  hundred  miles  to 
collect  facts,  and  published  in  1743  his  seasonable 
thoughts  on  the  state  of  religion  in  New  England, 
in  which  he  gives  a  faithful  jiicture  of  the  un- 
charitableness,  enthusiasm,  and  confusion,  which 
prevailed  in  ditt'erent  parts  of  the  country.     He 


V 


1 1 


II 


, '  i     I 


216 


CIIAUXC\. 


attacked  what  was  worthy  of  rcjirclionsion  j  Imt, 
like  most  nionof  Ntron;;  jjassions,  l)y  (hvelliiif,'  con- 
stantly u])on  the  ])ictiire  wliich  lie  was  draw  in-;?, 
ho  almost  forgot  that  dilferent  and  more  jjlonsant 
objects  might  he  ])r('sent('d  to  the  eye.  Siieh  men 
as  Colman,  Sewall,  I'rince,  Cooper,  J''o.\erort,  and 
Eliot,  agreed  with  him  in  repreliending  and  o])- 
posing  the  extravagances  whieli  he  had  wit- 
nessed ;  hilt  they  had  dillerent  views  of  tlie  gen- 
eral religious  state  of  the  country,  and  thought  it 
their  duty  to  express  "tlieir  full  jjersuasion,  that 
there  hud  i)een  a  liajijiy  and  remarkable  revival 
of  religion  in  many  j)arts  of  the  land  through  an 
uncommon  Divine  inlluence."  ])r.  Chauney  in  his 
work  endeavors  to  disthiguish  the  nature  of  true 
religion.  He  represents  the  new  creation  as 
wrought  in  the  minds  of  sinners  by  the  Sjiirit  of 
God  in  dilferent  ways  ;  sometimes  as  accompanied 
by  terror,  and  sometimes  as  exciting  little  agita- 
tion ;  but  as  always  evhicing  itself  i)y  tiie  fruits 
of  holiness.  As  a  remed)  for  the  evils  which  he 
recorded,  he  enforces  it  upon  his  brethren  as  their 
most  sacred  duty,  to  diseoin-age  and  ojijjose  all  itin- 
crent  i)reaehing  in  places  wliere  ministers  were 
settled,  lie  reconnnends  also  a  more  strict  ex- 
amination of  candidates  for  the  ministry,  and  the 
revival  of  discipline  in  the  churches.  In  regard  to 
Mr.  Whitelield,  than  whom  there  was  never  a  more 
disniterested  man,  it  was  suggested,  that  vanity 
might  have  been  the  cause  of  liis  incessant  travels 
in  Great  IJritain  and  America,  and  that  in  solicit- 
ing subscriptions  ho  might  have  had  "  a  fellow 
fccHng  with  the  orphans  in  Georgia." 

Dr.  Chauney  was  ardently  attached  to  the 
civil  and  religious  liberties  of  his  country.  After 
the  death  of  Dr.  Mayhew  ho  followed  in  his  steps 
in  vnthstanding  the  schemes  of  Eiiiscopalians. 
lie  jmblished  in  1707  remarks  upon  a  sermon  of 
the  bishop  of  Landatf;  in  which  ])amphlet  he 
expressed  his  fears,  that  the  appointment  of 
bishops  of  America,  as  was  projected,  would  be 
followed  by  attempts  to  jjromote  I'.jiiscopacy  by 
force,  lie  then  adds,  "  It  may  be  relied  on,  our 
peojjlo  would  not  bo  easy  if  restrained  in  the 
oxerciso  of  tiiat  liberty  wherewith  Christ  hath 
made  them  free ;  yea,  they  would  hazard  every- 
thing dear  to  them,  — their  estates,  their  very  lives, 
—  ratlier  than  suder  their  necks  to  be  put  under 
that  yoke  of  bondage,  which  was  so  sadly  galling  to 
their  fathers,  and  occasioned  their  retreat  into 
this  distant  land,  that  they  might  enjoy  the  free- 
dom of  men  and  Christians."  A  controversy  on 
the  subject  with  Dr.  Chandler  succeeded,  and  in 
his  reply  to  him  he  ol .  erves,  "it  is  with  me  jjast 
all  doubt,  that  the  religion  of  Jesus  will  never  be 
restored  to  its  primitive  purity,  simj)licity,  and 
glory,  until  religious  establishments  are  so  brought 
down,  as  to  bo  no  more."  In  1771  he  published 
his  complete  v'ww  of  I'ijjiseojjacy  from  the  lathers, 
a  work,  which  docs  him  great  honor,  and  which 


CIIAUN'CY. 

in  the  ojiinion  of  many  has  settled  the  contro- 
versy. 

He  was  an  honest  jiatriot,  and  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  Itevolution  ho  entered  warmly  into 
those  measures  which  were  considered  necessary 
to  vindicate  our  rights,  and  which  were  founded 
in  justice  and  dictated  by  wisdom.  During  the 
war  he  was  a  most  incurable  whig.  So  firmly 
was  he  convinced  of  the  justice  of  our  cause,  that 
lie  used  to  say.  he  had  no  doubt,  if  human  exer- 
tions were  ineti'ectuni,  that  a  host  of  angels  would 
be  sent  to  assist  us.  When  a  smile  was  excited, 
and  some  doubts  were  ex])ressed  respecting  the 
possil)ility  of  such  an  ally,  ho  ]iersisted  in  his 
assertion,  adding,  that  he  knew  it.  His  mind 
was  indeed  of  a  peculiar  stamp.  In  conversation 
he  was  a])t  to  be  vehement  and  extravagant ;  a 
little  ojip^jsilion  would  easily  kindle  a  ilamei  but 
in  his  writings  he  appears  more  calm  and  col- 
lected. He  was  respected  for  the  excellence  of 
his  character,  being  honest  and  sincere  in  his 
intercourse  with  his  fillow  men,  k'nd,  and  char- 
itable, and  jiious.  Dissinudation,  which  was  of 
all  things  most  foreign  to  his  nature,  was  the 
object  of  his  severest  invective.  His  language 
was  remarkal)ly  i)lain  and  j)ointed,  when  ho  spoke 
against  fraud,  either  in  ])ublic  bodies  or  individ- 
uals. Vapor  money,  tender  acts,  and  every  spe- 
cies of  knavery  met  his  severest  rei)rohensiou, 
both  in  his  ])ul)lic  discourses  and  i)i  private  con- 
versation. No  comj)any  could  restrain  him  from 
the  honest  exjiression  of  his  sentiments.  In  the 
latter  part  of  iiis  life  ho  appeared  to  those,  who 
were  near  him,  to  bo  almost  wholly  engaged  in 
devotional  exercises. 

Dr.  Chauney's  publications  are  numerous, 
'liie  following  is  a  list  of  them:  Funeral  sermons 
from  17.'il  to  17(59,  on  Sarah  Byfield,  EUzabeth 
Price,  Nathaniel  1>>  field,  Jonathan  Williams,  Lucy 
M'aldo,  Cornelius  Thayer,  Anna  Foxcroft,  Edward 
Gray,  Dr.  Ma} hew,  Mr.  Foxcroft,  and  Dr.  Sewall; 
sermons  at  the  ordination  of  Thomas  Frink, 
Joseph  IJowman,  Penuel  15owen,  and  Simeon 
Howard  :  a  sermon  before  the  artillery  company, 
1734;  on  religious  compulsion,  1730;  on  the  new 
creature ;  on  an  inibridled  tongue ;  (m  the  gifts 
of  the  S])irit  to  ministers,  1742  ;  on  the  outpour- 
ing of  the  Holy  Ghost;  against  enthusiasm; 
account  of  the  French  proidtets  in  a  li.'tter  to  a 
friend,  1742;  seasonable  thoughts  on  the  state  of 
religion  in  New  England,  Kvo.,  174;J;  a  conven- 
tion sermon,  1744;  a  thanksgiving  sermon  on  the 
reduction  of  Capo  lireton,  174.);  a  letter  to 
George  Wliitefiold  ;  a  second  letter  to  the  same ; 
a  sermon  on  the  rebellion  in  favor  of  the  pro- 
tender,  174() ;  election  seruKm,  1747 ;  a  sermon 
for  encouraging  industry,  1 7o2 ;  cm  murder,  1754 ; 
on  the  oarthipudvo,  17o5;  an  account  of  the  Ohio 
defeat,  1705;  a  particular  narrative  of  the  defeat 
of  the  French  army  at  \i\kc  George,  1755;  ser- 


CH  AUNTY. 


CIIECKLEY. 


217 


iiion  on  the  oartluiuakos  in  S])!uii,  etc.,  IT.'ifi;  the 
oiiiiiion  of  one,  who  lias  ])i'ruM'(l  Clark's  suminer 
nioniiii^'s  conversation,  IT.JS;  a  DuiUcian  lecture 
on  the  validity  of  ]'resl)yterian  ordination,  170'_'; 
twelve  sermons  on  seasonable  and  iinjiorfant  sub- 
jects, ])artic'nhuly  referring'  to  the  Sandemanian 
doctrines,  Svo.,  17Gu;  a  thanksfjivinj;  seriuon  on 
the  rei)cal  of  tiie  stamp  act,  17(!(!;  on  trust  in 
God  the  duty  of  a  jieople,  etc.;  on  nil  lliin)j;s  in 
common  177.'5;  im  the  accursed  tliinj^,  177.S;  re- 
marks on  the  bishop  of  J^andalfs  sermon,  17(J7; 
answer  to  ])r.  Chandler's  ai)])eal,  17(i.S;  re])ly 
to  ])r.  Chandler's  a])j)eal  defended,  1770;  a 
com])lete  view  of  r,])isco])acy  from  the  fathers, 
8vo.,  177'.;  five  sermon.s  on  the  I,ord',s  sui)])er, 
1772;  a  just  rcjiresentation  of  the  Nutfenn},'s 
and  hardshijisof  the  town  of  Itoston,  1771;  tlio 
mjstcry  hid  from  aj^es,  or  the  salvation  of  all 
men,  Svo.,  178-1;  this  has  been  answered  by  ])r. 
I'khvards;  the  benevolence  of  the  Deity  consid- 
ered, 8vo.,  1785;  five  dis.scrtations  on  the  fall  and 
its  conseciuences,  8vo.,  17S,j;  n  sermon  on  the 
return  of  his  society  to  their  house  of  worshi]), 
after  it  had  underfjone  repairs.  —  Clarke's  Fun. 
Serm. ;  Miller,  II.  3G8. 

CIIAUN'CY,  Cii.vui.Ks,  LL.  I).,  a  judge  of  the 
6ui)reme  court  of  Coimecticut,  died  at  New  Haven 
April  18,  18L>3,  aged  To.  lie  was  a  descend- 
ant of  President  Chauncy,  and  was  born  in  ])ur- 
ham.  Conn.,  Juno  II,  1747.  AVithout  the  advan- 
tages of  a  public  education  lie  studied  law  with 
J.  A.  llillliouse,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
17(W.  In  1789  ho  was  ajipointcd  judge;  but  in 
17i)3  ho  resigned  liis  seat  on  the  bench,  and 
retired  from  the  business  of  the  courts,  though  he 
afterwards  gave  lectures  to  a  class  of  students  at 
law.  lie  was  also  delightfully  enii)loyed  in  edu- 
cating his  cliildren.  llis  thirst  lor  knowledge 
was  unquenchable.  In  legal  science  his  investiga- 
tions were  jn-ofound,  and  he  was  well  skilled  in 
various  dejiartments  of  literature,  history,  civil 
])olicy,  and  theology.  Having  thoroughly  studied 
the  evidences  of  Christianity,  ho  obtained  a  set- 
tled conviction,  that  the  liil)le  is  the  word  of  God. 
In  searching  the  Scri|)tuies  ho  was  led  to  embrace 
the  tenets,  in  which  most  of  the  Protestant 
churches  are  agreed.  He  early  made  a  ])rofes- 
sion  of  religion.  As  he  advance<l  in  years,  he 
had  serene  anticipations  of  the  future,  commingled 
\vi;h  grateful  recollections  of  the  ])asl.  1  lis  was  not 
a  (juerulons  old  age.  With  deej)  emotion,  as  he 
apjiroatiied  the  grave,  ho  reviewed  and  acknowl- 
edged tlu^  iliviae  goodness  to  himself  and  his 
family,  and  then  runk  to  rest  with  the  liojie  of 
awakeiiing  to  the  ineHable  glories  of  heaven. — 
ri.i-iM.  t--j)cr!,ihir,  V.  .'i.'j.j,  y;{(i. 

ClII'.CKl.l'.Y,  John,  I^jiiscojial  niinistei  at 
Providence,  died  in  17."j;j,  aged  7.'!.  He  was  born 
in  lioslon  in  KiHO.  His  jiarenls  came  from  I'^ng- 
land.     At  the  .supreme  court,  held  in  ISoston  Nov. 

as 


27,  172 1,  he  was  fined  50  pounds  for  publishing  a 
libel;  this  was  a  re])rint  in  1723  of  Leslie's 
"  Short  and  easy  method  with  the  deists,"  with 
the  addition  written  by  himself,  of  a  "  I)iscour80 
concerning  l''|)iseo]iacy,  in  defence  of  Christianity 
and  the  church  of  England  against  the  deists  and 
dissenters,  London,  1723."  In  this  lie  rudely 
attacked  the  clergy  and  people  of  New  England, 
with  some  unloyal  allusions  to  the  family  on  the 
throne.  In  1727  he  went  to  l^ngland  for  orders, 
intending  to  settle  at  Marblehcad  ;  but  the  Uishop 
of  London  refused  to  ordain  him,  in  conscciucnce 
of  letters  from  Mr.  Uarnard  and  Mr.  Holyoko, 
describing  him  as  without  a  liberal  education,  a 
non-juror,  and  a  bitter  enemy  to  Christians  of 
other  iiersuasions.  liishop  Gibsim  said,  he  would 
never  ordain  an  uncathoiic,  uuloyal  man,  so  ob- 
no.\ious  to  the  jieojile  of  New  I'.ngland.  After- 
wards the  Bishoj)  of  I'.xeter  ordained  him  and 
sent  him  to  Narragansott.  He  wont  to  I'rovi- 
dence  in  1739,  and  preached  also  once  a  month  at 
Warwick  and  Attleborough.  He  was  a  wit,  a 
classical  scholar,  skilful  also  in  Hebrew  and  Nar- 
ragansott Indian ;  but  he  was  more  remarkable 
lor  the  eccentneitios  of  his  tomiicr  and  conduct, 
than  for  jiiety  and  learning.  Ho  published 
chuieo  dialogues  about  ])redostinati(m,  1715;  this 
was  answered  by  Tho.  'Walter,  who  defended  the 
Calvinistic  doctrine ;  it  was  republished,  "with 
an  answer  by  a  stripling,"  1720.  The  modest 
proof  of  t'.e  order  of  tho  churches,  1727,  wliich 
introduced  tho  Iqiiscopal  controversy  in  Massa- 
chusetts, and  which  was  answered  by  Wiggles- 
worth  and  Martin  Mar  I'rolatc,  is  supposed  to 
have  been  written  by  liim.  He  jmblished  his 
speech  upon  his  trial,  etc.,  2d.  edit.  1728,  and  the 
same  in  London,  1738,  jirobably  to  promote  liis 
views  as  to  ordination. — llist.  Cull.  VIII.  77; 
Eliot. 

CHI'X'KLI'A',  S.VMUEL,  minister  in  Boston, 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1715.  lie 
was  ordained  the  lirst  minister  of  the  new  south 
church  in  Summer  street,  Nov.  22,  1719,  mid  died 
Dec.  1,  1709,  in  the  iitty-lirst  yoar  of  his  min- 
istry, aged  73.  His  colleague,  Mr.  Powon,  who 
was  settled  in  1700,  survived  him,  but  was  ilis- 
missed  in  1772.  In  the  following  yoar  ^Ir.  Howe 
was  ordained  his  successor.  Mr.  Checklcy's  son, 
I  Samuel,  was  minister  of  the  old  north  chiu-ch 
'from  1717  to  17()8.  In  his  preaching  he  was 
;  plain  and  evangelical.  The  great  subject  of  his 
'  (liscoursos  was  Jesus  Christ,  as  a  Divine  person, 
and  as  tho  end  of  tho  law  for  righteousness  to 
all  that  believe.  Ho  frotiuontly  dwelt  upon  the 
fall  of  man,  the  necessity  of  the  influences  of  the 
Spirit  of  Ciod,  tho  freono.ss  and  riclmoss  of  Divhie 
grace,  tho  necessity  of  regeneration,  justification 
by  faith,  and  faith  as  the  gift  of  God.  He  was 
careful  also  to  insist  ujion  the  importance  of  the 
christian  vii-tues.     These  \w  exliibitod  in  his  own 


218 


CHEESBOROI'GH. 


CIIESTEll. 


'4 :.! , 


life.  Discountenancing  all  jjarade  in  religion,  it 
gave  him  jjlcasurc  to  encourage  the  humhle  and 
diffident.  As  he  did  not  consider  it  of  little  im- 
portance what  i)rinci])les  were  embraced,  he  was 
tenaciou.-)  of  his  nenliments.  During  his  last 
sickness  hn  enjoyed  the  sujjports  of  religion,  and 
anticiiiated  the  blessedness  of  dwelling  wit'a  his 
Saviour,  and  with  his  pious  friends,  who  had  been 
called  before  him  into  eternity.  Kenouncing  his 
own  righteousness,  he  trusted  only  in  tlic  merits 
of  Christ,  lie  published  a  sermon  on  the  death 
of  King  George  I.,  1727;  of  \Vm.  Waldron, 
1727;  of  Lydia  Hutchinson,  1748;  at  the  elec- 
tion, 1735.  —  Bowcii's  Funeral  Sermon;  Coll. 
Hist.  Soc.  HI.  3C1. 

CIIEESBOllOUGII,  WiLUAM,  died  at  Flem- 
ing, near  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  in  1840,  aged  95,  a  na- 
tive of  Stonington,  Conn.,  a  venerable  Christian. 

CUEESHAIITEAU.MUCK,  Cvlkd,  the  only 
Indian  who  ever  graduated  at  Harvard  college, 
received  his  degree  in  1G65,  and  died  at  Charles- 
town  in  16GC,  aged  20. 

CHEETHA^I,  Jajiks,  editor  of  the  American 
Citizen  at  New  York,  died  Sept.  19,  1810,  aged 
37.  He  published  a  reply  to  Aristides,  1804 ; 
the  life  of  Thomas  Paine,  1809. 

CHEEVER,  EzEKiKL,  an  eminent  instructor, 
died  Aug.  21,  1708,  aged  93.  He  was  born  in 
London  Jan.  25,  1615,  and  came  to  this  country 
in  June,  1637,  for  the  sake  of  the  peaceable  en- 
joyment of  Christian  worship  in  its  purity.  He 
■was  first  employed  as  a  schoolmaster  at  New 
Haven  for  twelve  years ;  then  at  Ijjswich,  Mass., 
eleven  years ;  and  afterwards  at  Charlestown  nine 
years.  He  removed  to  Uoston  Jan.  6,  1671, 
where  he  continued  his  labors  during  the  re- 
mainder of  his  Ufe.  Most  of  the  princijjal  gen- 
tlemen in  Boston  had  been  his  jjupils,  and  took 
pleasure  in  acknowledging  their  obligations  and 
honoring  their  old  master.  He  was  not  only  an 
excellent  teacher,  but  a  pious  Christian.  He  con- 
stantly prayed  with  liis  pu])ils  every  day,  and 
catechized  them  every  week.  He  also  took  fre- 
quent occasions  to  address  them  uj)on  religious 
subjects.  Being  well  acquainted  with  divinity, 
he  was  an  able  defender  of  the  foith  and  order  of 
the  gospel.  In  his  old  age  his  intellectual  pow- 
ers were  very  little  impaired.  The  following  ex- 
tracts from  an  elegy  upon  liini  by  Cotton  JIather, 
cue  of  his  pujjils,  will  show  the  esteem  in  which 
he  was  held,  and  may  serve  also  as  a  specimen  of 
the  poetry  of  the  age. 


'  A  mighty  tribe  of  wcU-lnstructeil  youth 
Tell  what  tlioy  owe  to  him,  and  tell  with  truth. 
All  the  eight  parts  of  Piieech,  he  t:iuglit  to  them, 
They  now  employ  to  tnmipet  his  esteem. 
Mdgifter  plea.sed  them  well  boeause  't  was  he ; 
Thoy  8fty  that  bniius  did  with  It  agree. 
While  they  said  amo,  they  the  hint  improve 
Ulm  for  to  malie  the  object  of  their  Iotu. 


No  concord  so  Inyiolato  tliey  Itnew, 
As  t()  pay  honors  to  their  master  du«. 
Willi  liiterjectl(ins  tliey  break  off  at  last, 
I!ut,  ah  Is  all  tliey  we,  wo,  and  alas!  " 

He  jinbli.shed  an  essay  on  the  millennium,  and 
a  Latin  accidence,  which  jiasscd  throiigli  twenty 
editions.  — Mather's  Fiiner'il  Scrmun  and  Elojij ; 
Iliilcliiiisdn,  11.  175;  JIi.^t.  Coll.  Vlir.  00. 

CllKl'.VEJi,  S.VMIKI,,  the  first  minister  of  Mar- 
blchcad,  died  in  1724,  aged  85.  He  was  the  son 
of  the  preceding,  and  was  graduated  at  Harvard 
college  in  1659.  In  Nov.,  1608,  he  first  visited 
the  town,  in  which  he  was  afterwards  settled, 
when  the  people  were  few.  He  continued  jji-each- 
ing  with  thcin  sixteen  years  before  his  ordination. 
Iligginson,  Hubbard,  and  Hale  assisted  in  or- 
daining him,  Aug.  13,  1084.  He  received  Mr. 
Barnard  as  his  colleague  in  1716.  He'  possessed 
good  abilities,  and  was  a  constant  and  zealous 
])reacher,  a  man  of  peace  and  of  a  catholic  mind. 
Never  was  he  sick.  For  fifty  years  he  was  not  taken 
off  from  his  labors  one  Sabbath.  AVhen  he  died,  the 
lamp  of  life  fairly  burned  out.  He  felt  no  pain  in  his 
ex])iring  moments.  lie  published  the  election  ser- 
mon, 1712.  —  Coll.  Hist.  Soc.  VIII.  65,  66  ;  x.  168. 

CHEEVEIl,  Abijah,  ^I.  I).,  died  at  Saugiw, 
April  21,  1843,  aged  84 ;  a  graduate  of  1779.  He 
studied  with  Dr.  Warren,  served  several  years  in 
the  army  and  navy,  then  had  extensive  jiractice 
and  high  reputation  in  Boston.  He  was  a  man 
of  integrity  and  honor,  frank,  and  social. 

CHIJEVEII,  Ciiaulotte,  Jlrs.,  died  at  her 
son's,  Itev.  Henry  T.  C,  at  Greenport,  L.  I.,  Jan. 
17,  1854,  aged  76,  formerly  of  Hallowell,  mother 
of  Itev.  George  B.  C.  of  New  York.  She  was  an 
eminent  Christian.  —  Obnerrer,  April  13. 

CHENl-lY,  Setii,  a  skilful  artist,  died  at  Man- 
chester, Conn.,  Sept.  10,  1850,  aged  about  53. 
He  had  retired  to  M.,  where,  with  his  brother 
John,  the  eminent  engineer,  he  had  built  a 
studio,  and  projjosed  to  devote  himself  to  painting. 
His  crayon  drawings  a;:e  chiefly  portraits  of  the 
size  of  life,  and  of  rare  excellence.  Tliere  are 
great  dignity  and  beauty  and  j)urity  in  his  ideal 
jjieces.  It  is  remarkable  that  he  never  would  take 
the  likenesfi  of  one,  whom  he  did  not  respect.  AVere 
all  artists  of  this  character,  they  would  find  very 
little  employment  among  a  host  of  the  great  men 
of  the  earth. 

CHENEY,  Moses,  a  Baptist  minister,  died  in 
Sheftield,  Vt.,  Aug.  9,  1856,  oged  79.  He  was 
long  known  as  an  earnest  and  faithhil  preacher 
in  Vermont  and  New  Hampshire.  He  suffered 
long  in  sickness,  but  held  an  unshaken  faith  in 
the  gospel. 

CHERllY,  CnARLOTTE,  missionary,  died  at 
Chavagacherry,  Ceylon,  Nov.  4,  1837,  aged  26. 
Her  husband  was  Henry  Cherry;  her  name, 
Charlotte  H.  Lathrop  of  Norwich. 

CHESTER,  Leon^ved,  the  head  of  the  Ches- 


CHESTER. 


CHILD. 


219 


iim,  nnd 

twenty 

!  Elegy ; 

•ofMiir- 

4  the  son 

Ilarvnrcl 

it  visited 

i  settled, 

d  preacli- 

i-dination. 

'A  in  or- 

ived  ^Ir. 

possessed 

d   zealous 

lolic  mind. 

s  not  taken 

le  died,  the 

I  pain  ill  his 

ileclion  scr- 

m ;  X.  1G8. 

at  Saugiis, 

fl771).   lie 

Tal  years  in 

ivc  practice 

!  was  a  man 

ial. 

lied  at  her 

^  L.  I.,  Jan. 
ell,  mother 
She  was  an 
13. 

;d  at  Man- 
about   00. 
his  brother 
had  built   a 
to  painting, 
•traits  of  the 
There   are 
in  his  ideal 
.  would  take 
■spect.  Were 
lid  find  very 
le  great  men 


ister,  died  in 
He  was 

iful  preacher 
He  suffered 
iken  faith  in 

ary,  died  at 
37,  aged  26. 
;  her   name, 

lof  the  Ches- 


ter family  in  New  En-^land.  died  Dec.  11,  1048, 
aged  ;J!).  Ho  was  the  son  of  John,  of  Leicester 
county,  Eiif^hmd,  nnd  of  Dorotliy  Hooker,  the 
sister  of  tjie  famous  Thomas  Hooker.  He  was 
one  of  tlie  first  settlers  of  Wcthersfield  ;  but  his 
eldest  son,  John,  was  l]orn  in  W'atertown  in  Ki.'i"). 
CHl'.S'n'Il,  J()ii\,  colonel,  died  at  AVethers- 
field  Sept.  11,  1771,  ii^'ed  fJH,  a  soldier  of  the 
]t('vohiti(m.  His  father  and  grandfather  each 
bore  tlie  name  of  John  ;  the  preceding  ancestor 
was  Leonard.  He  had  four  sons  and  two  dauj;h- 
ers.     His  son  Leonard  married  Sarah,  daiifjliter 


CHEW,  nr.NJAXiiN,  chief  justice  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, died  Jan.  20,  IHIO,  aged  87.  He  was  the 
son  of  the  jnu'ceding,  and  liorn  in  Maryland  Nov. 
2!),  1722.  He  studied  law  with  Andrew  Hamil- 
ton ;  also  in  London.  On  his  return  he  settled 
on  the  Helaware,  and  in  1754  removed  to  Thila- 
(lelpliia.  Of  this  city  he  was  recorder  from  1755 
to  1772;  also  register  of  wills.  The  office  of 
attoriu'y-general  he  resigned  in  170(1.  In  1774 
he  siicceeded  William  Allen  as  chief  justice ; 
but,  being  ojiposed  to  the  devolution,  he  retired 
from  iniblic  life  in    1770.     Appointed  in    1790 


of  Col.  William  Williams  of  I'ittsfield,  also  Miss    president  of  the  high  court  of  errors  and  nppeala, 


Welles,  and  bad  sons  and  daufjhters.  ] 

CHKSTl'.U,  John,  colonel,  an  officer  in  the  i 
army  of  the  devolution,  died  Nov.  4,  1809,  aged 
00.  He  was  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1700. 
Ho  was  among  the  brave  men  who  fought  in  the 
battle  of  Hunker  Hill  in  \'~'>.  In  August,  bsoi, 
after  the  accession  of  Mr.  Jefferson  to  the  presi- 
dency, ho  was  removed  from  the  office  of  super- 
visor of  Connecticut.  He  lived  at  Wethersiicld, 
the  residence  of  his  ancestors.  His  sons  were 
]{cv.  John  C.  of  All)any,  Henry,  a  lawyer  of  Phil- 
adelphia, ami  William,  a  minister, —  and  his 
daughters  married  as  follows  :  Elizabeth  to  Elea- 
zer  E.  Packus  of  Albany,  Mary  to  Ebenezer 
Welles  of  Prattleliorough,  Hannah  to  Charles 
Chauiiccy  of  Philadelphia,  and  Julia  to  Matthew 
C.  Italston  of  I'hiladelphia. 

CHESTl'.ll,  Joiix,  ]).  J).,  died  at  IMiiladeliihia 
Jan.  12,  1829,  aged  about  43.  Sonof  the  jireccd- 
ing,  he  graduated  in  1804,  and  became  the  mhiis- 
tcr  of  the  2d  Prcsbvterian  church  in  Albany,  in 


be  continued  in  that  station  till  the  abolition  of 
the  court  in  1800.  His  first  wife  was  Mary, 
daughter  of  Samuel  Galloway  of  Maryland ;  liia 
second  was  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Oswald  ;  she  died 
about  1H09,  aged  85.  One  of  his  daughters  mar- 
ried in  17()8  Alexander  Wilcox.  — Jennison. 

CHICKEIUNG,  JosEPii,  minister  of  Wobum, 
died  Jan.  27,  1844,  iged  03.  He  was  the  son  of 
]lev.  Jabcz  C.  of  Dcdhani,  who  died  in  1812. 
A  graduate  of  1799,  he  was  ordained  in  1804, 
having  studied  theology  with  I'rof.  Tappan  at 
Cambridge.  He  was  a  zealous,  faithful  minis- 
ter, the  earnest  supi)ortor  of  various  charitable 
societies,  making  to  them  bequests.  He  was  the 
father  of  ]{ev.  Dr.  C.  of  Portland.  He  published 
a  dedicaticm  sermon,  1809j  before  education 
society,  1817. —  Cliristian  Mirror,  Feb.  29. 

CIIICKEIIING,  Jonas,  died  at  Boston  Dec.  8, 
1853,  aged  50.  He  was  so  much  respected  as  a 
citizen,  that  his  funeral  was  the  largest  ever  known 
in  lioston.     He  descended  from  Dr.  John  C.  of 


Nov.,  1815.     His  wife  was  the  daughter  of  liohert :  Charlestown,  who  was  the  son  of  Henry  of  Ded' 


Palston   of  Philudel])hia.      He   was    an  earnest 
preacher;  and  puhlishcd  several  single  sermons. 

CHEVEIIUS,  LEi'i;m'RK  dk,  cardinal,  died  at 
Bourdoaux  Jidy  19,  1830,  aged  08.  He  was  born 
at  Mayenne  Jan.  28,  1708,  came  to  this  country 
in  1790,  and  was  the  first  Catholic  bishoj)  in  Bos- 
ton in  1810.  Returning  to  France,  he  was  bishop 
of  Montauban  in  1832,  archbishoj)  of  Bordeaux  in 
1820,  and  cardinal  in  1835.  He  spoke  Latin, 
and  was  well  versed  in  Greek  and  Hebrew.  In 
Boston  he  was  held  in  great  aflection  and  respect. 
Few  preachers  were  equal  to  him  in  pulpit  elo- 
quence. 

CHEW,  Samufx,  chief  justice  of  Newcastle, 
etc.,  in  I'ennsylvania,  was  a  Quaker  and  a  physi- 
cian, and  died  June  16,  1744.  Of  great  influence 
over  the  Quakers,  his  death  was  deemed  a  groat 
loss  to  the  province.  His  sjjoech  to  the  grand 
jury  of  Newcastle,  on  the  lawfulness  of  defence 
against  an  armed  enemy,  was  published  in  1741, 
and  republished  in  1775.  For  this  lie  was  re- 
proached in  a  Philadelphia  pajier  as  an  apostate 
and  a  time-server,  and  as  having  been  "  hired  by 
Balali  to  curse  Israel."  He  replied  with  becom- 
ing dignity  and  spirit. 


ham  as  early  as  1035.  One  act  of  his  beneficence 
is  gratefully  recorded  by  Richard  Storrs  Willis, 
who,  after  his  graduation  at  college,  meeting  with 
^Ir.  C.  and  exj)laining,  at  his  request,  his  projects 
in  life  and  his  wish  to  study  music,  Mr.  C.  instantly 
offered  him  500  dollars  a  year  for  four  years  to 
sujijiort  him  in  his  studies  abroad.  Mr.  W.  was 
in  1854  editor  of  "  The  N.  Y.  Musical  World." 
Mr.  C.'s  life,  by  J.  L.  Blake,  is  in  Lives  of  Ameri- 
can Merchants. 

CIIICKEIIING,  Jesse,  a  physician,  was  bom 
in  Dover,  graduated  in  1818,  and  practiced  ten 
years  in  Boston.  He  died  at  Jamaica  Plain  May 
29,  1855,  aged  57.  lie  published  in  1840  a  work 
on  the  population  of  Mass.,  from  1705  to  1840 ; 
a  work  on  immigration,  1840;  reports  on  the 
census  of  Boston,  1851;  and  a  letter  on  slavery, 
1855. 

CHILD,  Robert,  a  physician,  was  educated  at 
Padua,  and  came  to  Massachusetts  as  early  as 
1044.  His  object  was  to  explore  the  mines  of 
this  country.  In  1040  he  and  others  caused  dis- 
turbance in  the  colony  by  a  jietition,  supposed  to 
have  originated  with  William  Vassall,  in  which 
he  complained,  that  the  fundamental  laws  of  £ng- 


■BB 


220 


ciiiLr". 


;!Jrl 


m 


land  were  dlsregardrd,  and  tlmt  frcc-bom  Knfj- 
lishmcn,  if  not  infnilxTs  of  one  of  tlie  cluirclii's, 
were  denied  civil  jji-ivilej^es,  and  (liO)aried  from 
Christian  ordinances.  He  in'ayed  fur  redress,  and 
threatened  to  a])ply  to  parliament.  He  was  sum- 
moned ijeforo  the  court,  accused  of  "  false  and 
scandalous  passages,"  etc.,  and  fined  60  ])ounds. 
His  trial  is  related  i)y  Winthroj).  When  ho  was 
about  to  proceed  to  England  with  his  comjilaints, 
he  was  apju'chendcd,  and  suil'ered  a  long  im])ris- 
onment.  His  brother,  Maj.  John  Child  of  ]'"ng- 
land,  in  his  indignation,  published  a  pamjihlet, 
entitled,  Xow  England's  Jonas  cast  u])  ut  London, 
containing  Child's  petition  to  the  court,  etc.,  IGt". 
This,  wliich  is  reprinted  in  2  Hist.  Coll.  IV., 
was  answered  by  AVinslow,  in  the  "  Salamander," 
alluding  to  Vassall,  "  a  man  never  at  rest,  but 
when  he  was  in  the  fire  of  contention."  The  rea- 
son of  tlic  title  of  "  Jonas  "  was  this,  as  we  learn 
from  the  paper:  when  the  ship,  in  which  Vassall 
proceeded  to  England  in  1G4G,  was  about  to  sail. 
Cotton  in  liis  Thursday  lecture  said,  that  writings, 
carried  to  England  against  this  country,  ^vould  l)e 
as  Jonas  in  the  shij),  and  advised  the  ship-master, 
in  case  of  a  storm,  to  search  ^Iic  chests  and 
throw  over  any  such  Jonas.  There  was  a  storm  : 
a  good  woman  at  midnight  entreated  Thomas 
Fowle,  if  he  had  a  petition,  to  give  it  to  her.  He 
accordingly  gave  lier,  not  the  petition  to  parlia- 
ment, but  a  copy  of  the  petition  to  the  general 
court.  This  was  thrown  overboard ;  yet  a  copy 
of  the  same  and  a  petition  to  parliament  were 
safely  cast  up  at  London.  —  Winthrop;  2  Ilist. 
Coll.  IV.  107-120. 

CHILUS,  Tdiothy,  ^L  D.,  a  physician  of  Pitts- 
field,  Mass.,  and  a  patriot  of  the  llevolution,  died 
Feb.  25,  1821,  aged  73.  He  was  born  at  Deer- 
field  in  Feb.,  1748,  and  passed  several  years  at 
Harvard  college.  Having  studied  physic  under 
Dr.  Williams,  he  commenced  the  practice  at 
Pittsfield  in  1771.  In  the  political  controversy 
with  Great  Britain  he  engaged  with  zeal.  In 
1774  he  was  chairman  of  a  committee  of  the 
town  to  petition  the  justice  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas,  to  stay  all  proceedings  till  cer- 
tain oppressive  acts  of  parliament  should  be 
repealed.  When  the  news  of  the  battle  of  Lex- 
ington was  received,  he  marched  to  Uoston  with 
a  company  of  minute-men,  in  which  he  was  en- 
rolled in  the  preceding  year.  Being  soon  ap- 
pointed surgeon  of  Col.  Patterson's  regiment,  he 
accompanied  the  army  to  New  York  and  thence 
to  Montreal.  In  1777  he  returned  to  Ids  practice 
in  Pittsfield,  in  which  he  continued  till  his  death. 
For  several  years  he  was  a  representative  in  the 
general  com-t,  and  also  a  senator.  In  his  politics 
he  warmly  supported  the  republican  party,  which 
came  into  pov.er  with  the  accessior.  of  Mr.  Jel:er- 
8on  to  the  presidency  in  1801.    Till  within  a  few 


CHIP.MAN. 

j  days  of  his  death  he  attended  to  the  active  duties 
of  Jiis  jjrnfes'  ion.  in  wliic  h  he  was  eminent.  (Jreat 
and  general  conlidence  was  reposed  in  his  skill. 
'  He  had  always  been  ihe  stijjijorttr  of  religions  in- 
I  stitutions,  though  not  a  professor  of  religion  ;  in 
his  last  sitkness  he  earnestly  besought  the  Divine 
mercy,  and  spoke  of  the  blood  and  righteousness 
of  Christ  as  the  only  hope  of  a  sinner.  His  son, 
Henry  H.  Childs,  succeeded  him  as  a  ])hysiciiin. 
—  Tlidchcr's  Mill.  Ilioi/. ;  I/isl.  lUrksliiie,  .'iSO, 

CHILDS,  Thomas,  brigadier-general,  died  of 
the  yellow  fever  at  Tarajja  liay.  Oct.  S,  l.Sj.'J. 
He  was  the  son  of  Dr.  Timolliy  ChikN,  one  of  the 
first  settlers  of  Pittsfield,  Mass.  His  mother,  a 
daughter  of  Col.  Easton  of  P.,  died  in  IS.jL',  aged 
92.  In  the  Mexican  war  he  commanded  under 
Taylor  the  artillery  l)at!alion  in  several  battles. 
Afterwards  he  was  with  the  army  of  Scott,  who 
sj)oke  of  his  "  often-distinguished"  Col.  Childs. 
He  commanded  at  Puebla,  where  he  was  en- 
deared to  his  soldiers  by  his  humane  conduct  in 
all  circumstances. 

CHIPMAX,  Joiix,  colonel,  a  soldier  of  the 
Revolution,  was  an  ofHcer  in  the  regiment  of  Col. 
Seth  Warner ;  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Ben- 
nington and  llubbardton,  and  subseejuently  com- 
manded fort  George,  which  ho  wp"  '?ompelled  to 
surrender  to  a  superior  force  of  Tories,  Indians, 
and  British.  He  felled  the  first  tree  in  Middlebury, 
Vt.,  in  1707  ;  and  there  he  died  in  Sept.,  1829, 
aged  87. 

CHIPMAN,  N.miAXiEL,  LL.  D.,  died  at  Tin- 
mouth,  Vt.,  Feb.  1 5,  1843,  aged  90.  He  was  born 
in  Salisbury,  Conn.,  in  1752  ;  was  graduated  at 
Yale  in  1777  ;  in  1786  was  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Vermont,  and  chief  justice  in  1789.  In 
1791  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the  district  court 
of  the  United  States.  He  was  .'^enator  from  1797 
to  1803.;  and  again  chief  justice  in  1813  and 
1814 ;  in  1815  professor  of  law  in  Middlebury 
college.  He  revised  the  laws  of  Vermont  in  1820. 
He  enjoyed  a  high  reputation  for  literature  and 
science ;  and  was  a  man  of  faithfulness  and  in- 
tegritj-.  He  published  rejjorts  of  judicial  decis- 
ions and  dissertations  in  1  vol.;  principles  of  gov- 
ernment, and  2d  edit,  in  1833. 

CHIPMAX,  Ward,  judge  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Now  Brunswick,  and  president  of  the  province, 
was  a  native  of  Mass.,  and  graduated  at  Harvard 
college  in  1770.  He  died  at  Frederickton  Feb. 
9,  1824.    Mrs.  Gray  of  Boston  was  his  sister, 

CHIPMAN,  Daniel,  died  in  Kipton,  Vt.,  April 
23,  1850,  aged  85.  Ho  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
in  1788,  and  stuuicd  law  with  his  brother,  Na- 
thaniel. He  was  a  member  of  congress ;  the  fii-st 
reporter  of  the  decisions  of  the  suprer.ie  court ; 
the  author  of  a  work  on  the  law  of  contracts, 
which  is  highlv  commended. 

CHIPMAN,  Waud,  chief  justice  of  New  Bruns- 


CTIITMAX. 


CIIirrENDEX. 


221 


If  New  Bruna- 


wick  from  lail  to  IM.Jl,  died  ;\t  St.  John  Nov. 
'J(i,  ls,jl.  n'^i'i]  Cij.  A  native  of  N'.  1!.,  he  Knul- 
natod  at  Harvard  ISO.j,  and  was  tlif  son  of  Ward 
('.,  a  ;,'radiiat('  of  1770. 

CIIISUOJ.M.  Ja.mks.  died  of  the  yellow  fever 
in  I'ortsnioutli,  Va..  Se])l.  l.j,  \^^■'h'>,  ajjed  .'J!»,  a 
fjraduate  at  Harvard  in  INIJIi.  He  was  a  nselul 
l",Iiiseoi)al  minister.  A  memoir  hy  Ilev.  Mr. 
Conrad  lia-*  been  imblished.  —  J.'iislnii  AdrciUsii; 
July    Hi,   lH,j(i. 

C'Hri"ri;XJ)KX,  Thomah,  first  governor  of 
Vermont,  died  Auf;.  21,  1707,  aj^ed  07.  lie  was 
liorn  at  ]'/ist  Guilford,  Conn.,  in  17;50.  His 
mother  was  sister  of  llcv.  Dr.  Johnson,  lie  re- 
ceived a  common  school  education,  which  at  that 
]ieriod  contributed  hut  little  to  the  imi)rovement 
of  the  mind.  Afjrceably  to  tlie  custom  of  New 
IjU^land,  he  married  early  in  life,  when  in  his 
twentieth  year,  and  soon  removed  to  iSalislmry. 
Here  he  commanded  a  regiment.  He  many 
years  represented  the  town  in  the  general  assem- 
bly, and  thus  ac(|uircd  that  knowledge  of  public 
business,  which  afterward  rendered  him  eminently 
useful  in  Vermont.  The  office  of  a  justice  of 
peace  for  the  county  of  Litchfield  made  him  ac- 
quainted with  the  laws  of  the  State,  and  the 
manner  of  carrying  them  into  effect.  Though 
destitute  of  learning,  his  good  sense,  affability, 
kindness,  and  integrity  gained  him  the  confidence 
of  his  fellow-citizens ;  and  the  highest  honors, 
wluch  a  retired  town  could  bestow,  were  given 
him.  His  attention  was  principally  directed  to 
agriculture,  and  belabored  personally,  in  the  field. 
AVith  a  numerous  and  growing  family,  a  mind 
formed  for  adventures,  and  a  firmness  which  noth- 
ing could  subdue,  he  determined  to  lay  a  founda- 
tion for  the  future  prosperity  of  his  children  by 
emigrating  to  the  New  Hampsliire  grants,  as 
Vermont  was  then  called.  He  accordingly  in 
1774  removed  to  AVilliston,  on  Onion  river.  An 
almost  trackless  wilderness  now  separated  him 
from  his  former  residence.  Here  he  settled  on 
fine  lands,  which  opened  a  wide  field  for  industry, 
and  encouraged  many  new  settlers.  In  the  year 
1770,  the  troubles  occasioned  by  the  war  render- 
ing it  necessary  for  him  to  remove,  he  purchased 
an  estate  in  Arlington,  and  continued  in  that  town 
until  1787,  when  he  returned  to  Williston.  In 
the  controversy  with  New  York  ho  was  a  fiiithful 
adviser  and  a  strong  su])porter  of  the  feeble  set- 
tlers. During  the  war  of  the  Hcvolution,  while 
Warner,  Allen,  and  many  others  were  in  the  field, 
he  was  assiduously  engaged  in  the  council  at 
home,  where  he  rendered  essential  service  to  his 
eountry.  He  was  a  member  of  the  convention 
which,  JanuaiT  10,  1777,  declared  Vermont  an 
independent  State,  and  was  appointed  one  of  the 
committee  to  communicate  to  Congress  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  inhabitants,  and  to  solicit  for  their 


district  an  admission  into  the  union  of  the  Amer- 
ican Slates.  AVlun  the  jiowers  of  govcrimient 
were  assumed  by  this  Slate,  and  a  constitution 
was  estalilished  in  I77s,  the  eyes  of  the  freemen 
were  iminediali  ly  fixed  on  him  as  their  governor, 
and  in  that  arduous  and  difficult  office  he  con- 
timied,  one  year  only   excepted,  until  his   death. 

From  the  year  17S()  till  the  conclusion  of  the 
war,  during  a  period  in  which  the  situation  of 
Vermont  was  peculiarly  perplexing,  he  displayed 
a  consummate  policy.  The  State  was  not  ac- 
knowledged by  the  congress,  and  they  were  con- 
teixliiig  on  the  one  hand  for  independence,  and 
on  the  oilier  hand  they  were  threatened  by  the 
ISritish  forces  from  Canada.  A  little  manage- 
ment was  necessary  to  ])romote  the  interests  of 
this  district.  A  corresjiordence  was  opened  with 
the  enemy,  who  were  flattered  for  several  years 
with  the  belief  that  the  jeople  of  Vermont  were 
about  to  subject  themselves  to  the  king  of  Eng- 
land ;  and  thus  a  meditated  invasion  of  the  terri- 
tory was  averted,  and  the  ])risoners  were  restored. 
At  the  same  lime,  the  ]iossibility  that  Vermont 
would  desert  the  cause  of  America  was  held  up 
to  congress,  and  by  this  means  probably  the  set- 
tlers were  not  re(piired  to  submit  to  the  claims  of 
New  York.  Such  was  the  ])olitic  course  which  he 
thought  it  necessary  to  pursue,  lie  enjoyed  very 
good  health  until  about  a  year  before  his  death. 
In  Oct.,  1790,  lie  took  an  affecting  leave  of  liis 
compatriots  in  the  general  assembly,  imploring 
the  benediction  of  Heaven  on  them  and  their 
constituents. 

Governor  Chittenden,  though  an  illiterate  man, 
possessed  great  talents.  His  discernment  was 
keen,  and  no  person  knew  better  how  to  effect 
great  designs  than  himself.  'I'hough  his  open 
frankness  was  sometimes  abused,  yet  when  secrecy 
was  required  in  order  to  accomplish  his  purposes, 
no  mis])laccd  confidence  made  them  liable  to  be 
defeated.  His  negotiations  during  the  war  were 
master-strokes  of  policy.  He  jiosscsstd  a  pecu- 
liar talent  in  reconciling  the  jarring  interests 
among  the  people.  The  important  services  which 
ho  rendered  to  his  country,  and  esjiecially  to 
Vermont,  make  his  name  worthy  of  honorable 
remembrance.  He  lived  to  see  astonishing 
clianges  in  the  district,  which  was  almost  a  wilder- 
ness when  he  first  removed  to  it.  Instead  of  a 
little  band  of  associates,  he  could  enumerate  one 
hundred  thousand  persons  whose  interests  were 
intrusted  to  his  care.  He  saw  them  rising  supe- 
rior to  oppression,  bravhig  the  horrors  of  a  for- 
eign war,  and  finally  obtaining  a  recognition  of 
their  hidepcndence,  and  an  admission  into  the 
United  States  of  America.  He  was  cons])icuou8 
for  his  private  virtues.  In  times  of  scarcity  and 
distress,  which  are  not  unfrcquent  in  new  settle- 
ments, he  displayed  a  noble  liberality  of  spirit. 


I 


m 


I'i  pi 

tj 


I 


!   I 


222 


CHITTEXDEX. 


His  (jfrannrj*  was  open  to  nil  the  needy.  1  le  was 
n  professor  of  reli^jion,  liclieviiif,'  in  the  Son,  to 
the  f^lory  of  God  tlie  I'lilhcr.  Scvcriil  of  liii  h't- 
ters  to  congress  tnul  to  Generd  Washington  were 
published.  — il/»H//(///  Aul/ioln;/!/,  i.  '11HI-I!»'_'; 
Williams'  Veniuiiit,  2;J3-277  ;  (Jiuham'n  Sketch 
of  Vermont,  i;5.j-l.'l". 

ClI!TT]:X])i:X,  Mautix,  governor  of  Ver- 
mont, died  Sept.  5,  ISK).  A  graduate  of  Dart- 
mouth in  l"Hy,  hewas  in  congress  1803-13  and 
governor  1H1.'}-14. 

CHOULES,  John  ().,  ]).  1).,  Baptist  minister 
in  Newport,  died  at  New  York  Jan.  6,  18j(i, 
agcdtOJ.     He  eihted  Xeal's  I'uritans. 

CHOUTEAU,  riiiuui:,  died  at  St.  Louis  July 
2,  184'J,  aged  00.  lie  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  city. 

CIIOVET,  AniiAiiAM,  :M.  D.,  died  at  Philadel- 
phia March  24, 1700,  agud  80.  lie  came  from  Ja- 
maica in  1770.  He  was  an  eminent  ])hysician  and 
anatomist,  and  was  a  ])rofessor  in  the  college  of 
Philadelj)hia,  for  the  aid  of  which  he  ])rocured  sev- 
eral thousand  pounds  in  Jamaica.  Good  imitations 
in  wax  of  all  jiartsof  the  i)ody  were  made  by  him. 

CHRIST.MAS,  JosKi'ii  S.,  minister  at  Mont- 
real, died  March  14,  1830,  aged  27.  "When  he 
was  in  college,  he  had  a  j)assion  for  ])ainting,  to 
which  art  he  intended  to  devote  his  hfe ;  but,  be- 
coming religious,  he  resolved  to  be  occu])icd  in 
more  im])ortant  and  useful  toils.  His  father  was 
very  solicitous  that  he  should  be  a  j)hysician,  and 
made  all  the  arrangements  for  his  entering  upon 
the  study  of  physic.  The  son  was  constrained 
by  a  .sense  of  religious  duty  to  disajjpoint  the  jja- 
ternal  hopes.  He  studied  theology  at  Princeton. 
In  1824  he  went  to  Canada  and  was  ordained  as 
the  first  minister  of  the  American  Presbyterian 
Bociety  in  Jlontreal.  Here  he  labored  amidst 
many  difficulties  with  considerable  success  for 
upwards  of  throe  years,  when  his  ill  health  com- 
pelled him  in  1828  to  ask  a  dismission.  In  that 
year  he  addressed  to  his  peojde  a  farewell  letter, 
affectionate,  faithful,  and  able,  dated  at  Danbury, 
Coim.  In  1829  he  was  called  to  drink  deep  in 
the  cup  of  aflliction;  for  first  he  lost  both  his 
children,  and  then,  Aug.  0th,  his  wife,  Louisa 
Jones,  also  died,  leaving  him  singularly  desolate 
in  respect  to  the  world,  yet  joyful  in  God,  his  Sav- 
iour, lie  had  the  consolation  of  knowing,  that 
his  wife,  though  through  much  tribulation,  as  is 
usually  the  lot  of  the  righteous,  dejiarted  in 
Christian  jjcacc.  "  O,  beware  of  the  world ! " 
was  her  coimsel.  "  How  deeply  am  I  convinced 
that  the  worldty  intercourse  of  professing  Chris- 
tians is  utterly  wrong !  It  cuts  out  the  very 
heart  of  piety.  Seek  not  the  things  which  are 
your  own,  but  things  which  are  Jesus  Christ's." 
This  bereavement  was  )j(M-haps  the  means  of  i)re- 
paring  lum  for  heavenly  bliss.    October  14,  1829, 


CHURCH. 

he  was  installed  the  jiastor  of  Howery  cluireh  in 
the  city  of  Xew  York.  Hut  here  he  was  allowed 
to  toil  in  the  cause  of  his  Master  only  a  few 
months;  for  after  an  illness  of  only  three  or  four 
days  he  died.  He  was  a  faithful  and  able  jjreaeher 
of  the  gos])el.  Two  revivals  of  religion  occurred 
during  his  ministry  at  Montreal.  His  vigorous 
intellect  and  cultivated  taste  were  controlled  and 
directed  by  ardent  ])iety.  While  rising  high  in 
the  public  esteem,  lie  was  snatched  away  from  his 
toils.  Of  his  wife  an  interesting  sketch  ap])eared 
in  the  Xew  York  Observer.  His  own  life  was 
written  by  l''.leazer  Lord.  He  jmblished  Valedic- 
tory admonitions,  or  a  farewell  letter  to  his  so- 
ciety in  Montreal,  1828. —  IJoston  Jtcconler,  Sejjt. 
lti,"lS29. 

CHUUCH,  Hknjamtx,  distinguished  by  his  ex- 
ploits in  the  Indian  wars  of  Xew  l'',ngland,  died 
iJan.  17,  1718,  aged  77,  at  Little  Conipton.  He 
was  born  at  Duxbury,  Mass.,  in  lG3i),  and  was 
the  son  of  Kiehard,  who  came  over  in  1(!3()  and 
married  I'^lizabeth,  daughter  of  Richard  Warren, 
wlio  was  a  carjientcr,  and  with  J.  Tomson  built 
the  first  church  in  Plymouth,  dying  at  Dedhamin 
IOCS,  lienjamin  Church  commenced  the  settle- 
ment at  Saconet  or  Sekonit,  since  called  Little 
Comjjton.  His  life,  which  was  frequently  exposed 
to  the  greatest  dangers,  was  by  Divhie  Providence 
remarkably  jn-eserved.  In  the  year  1(J7(),  when 
in  ])ursuit  of  King  Philip,  he  was  engaged  with 
the  Indians  in  a  swamp.  AVith  two  men  by  his 
side,  who  were  his  guard,  he  met  three  of  the 
enemy.  E.ach  of  his  men  took  a  jirisoner,  but 
the  other  Indian,  who  was  a  stout  fellow,  with  his 
two  locks  tied  uj)  with  red  and  a  great  rattle- 
snake's skin  hanging  from  his  hair  behind,  ran 
into  the  sv>  amp.  Church  pursued,  and  as  he  ap- 
proached him  jjresented  his  gun,  but  it  missed 
tire.  The  Indian,  being  etpially  unsuccessful  in 
his  attempt  to  discharge  liis  gun,  turned  himself 
to  continue  his  flight,  but  his  loot  was  caught  in  a 
small  grape  vine,  and  he  fell  on  his  face.  Church 
instantly  struck  him  with  the  muzzle  of  his  gun, 
and  dispatched  him.  Looking  about  he  saw  an- 
other Indian  rushing  towards  him  with  inexpress- 
ible fury ;  but  the  fire  of  his  guards  jircserved 
him  from  the  danger.  After  the  skirmish  his 
j)arty  found  they  had  killed  and  taken  one  hun- 
dred and  seventy-three  men.  At  night  they 
drove  their  prisoners  into  Rridgewater  pound, 
where,  having  a  i)lenty  of  provisions,  they  jiasscd 
a  merry  night.  Col.  Church  commanded  the 
jiarty  which  killed  Philip  in  August,  1G7G.  When 
it  was  known  that  the  savage  monarch  was  shot, 
the  whole  company  gave  three  loud  huzzas. 
Church  ordered  him  to  be  beheaded  and  quar- 
tered, and  gave  one  of  his  hands  to  the  friendly  In- 
dian, who  shot  him.  The  government  of  Plymouth 
paid  thirty  shillings  a  head  for  the  enemies  killed 


ClIUllClI. 


CHURCH. 


223 


or  taken,  and  riiiliji's  head  went  at  the  same 
price. 

In  Sejit.,  lOHO,  ho  was  commissioned  by  Ilink- 
ley,  ])rosi(lent  of  tlie  I'lynioutli  colony,  a.H  com- 
iniuuler-in-chief  of  an  ex|)e(lition  nj^uinst  the 
l/istern  Indians;  and  comniissioncd  also  by  Dan- 
forlh,  ])r('sidcnt  of  tiie  ))rovinc(>  of  Maine,  and  l)y 
Uradstreet,  f^overnor  of  Massacliusetts.  He  soon 
embarked  and  proceeded  to  Casco  witli  two  lum- 
dred  and  lilly  men,  partly  Saeonet  and  Cajie 
IiidianH.  He  arrived  at  a  critical  moment,  for 
several  Innidred  I'Vench  and  Indians  were  tlien  on 
un  island,  having  come  in  eighty  canoes.  The 
next  day  he  repnlsed  their  attack  on  the  town, 
with  the  loss  of  ten  or  twelve  men.  lie  after- 
wards visited  all  the  garrisons  at  Hlack  Point, 
Spurwink,  and  IJlue  Point,  and  went  n])  the  Ken- 
nebec. On  the  approach  of  winter  he  returned 
to  Boston.  In  May  following  Casco  fell  into  the 
hands  of  the  enemy,  one  hundred  ])ersons  being 
caj)tured.    The  whole  country  was  desolated. 

Ho  proceeded  on  a  second  expedition  in  Sept., 
1090,  and,  landing  at  Maquoit,  wont  to  Pegypseot 
fort,  in  Brunswick,  and  thence  up  the  river  forty 
or  firty  miles  to  Amcrascogon  fort,  near  the  great 
falls,  where  he  tt)ok  a  few  prisoners,  and  destroyed 
much  corn,  lie  ])ut  to  death  several  of  the  pris- 
oners, women  and  children,  strange  as  it  may 
seem  in  the  present  age,  "for  an  exami)lel" 
The  wives  of  llakins  of  Pennacook  and  of  Wor- 
lunbo  were  spared.  He  returned  to  Winter  Har- 
bor, and  thence  went  again  to  Pegyjiscot  plain 
to  obtain  a  quantity  of  heaver,  hid  there.  At 
I'erpoilack  he  had  an  engagement  with  the  Indi- 
ans. In  his  third  expedition  in  1092  he  accom- 
panied Phipps  to  Pemaquid.  He  also  went  uj) 
the  Kennebec  and  destroyed  the  Indian  fort  and 
the  corn  at  Taconoc.  In  his  fourth,  in  1G9G,  he 
went  to  the  Penobscot  and  to  I'assamaquoddy. 
The  French  liouses  at  Chignocto  were  burnt;  for 
which  he  was  blamed.  He  was  soon  sui)crseded 
by  Col.  Hawthorne  of  Salem.  His  fifth  and  last 
expedition  was  early  in  1 704.  The  burning  of 
Deerfield  in  Feb.,  awalvoned  the  sj)irit  of  this 
veteran  warrior ;  and  he  took  his  librse  and  rode 
seventy  miles  to  offer  his  services  to  Gov.  Dudley 
in  behalf  of  his  country.  He  did  much  damage, 
in  this  expedition,  to  the  French  and  Indians  at 
Penobscot  and  Passamaquoddy.  After  Philii)'s 
war  ho  Uved  first  at  Bristol ;  and  then  at  Fall 
liiver,  now  Troy ;  and  lastly  at  Saeonet.  In  his 
old  ago  he  was  corpulent.  A  fall  from  his  horse 
was  the  cause  of  his  death.  He  was  buried  with 
military  honors.  He  was  a  man  of  integrity  and 
piety.  At  the  gathering  of  the  church  in  Bristol 
by  Mr.  Leo  he  was  a  member,  and  his  life  was 
exemplary.  His  wife,  Alice,  daughter  of  Con- 
stant Southworth  and  Elizabeth  Collier,  died  in 
1719,  aged  71.  He  had  sons  Thomas,  Constant, 
Benjamin,  and  Edward  ;  and  of  his  descendants, 


some  lived  in  Little  Compton  and  Boston.  His 
son  Thomas  comjnled  froni  his  minutes  and  under 
his  direction  a  history  of  Philip's  war,  which  was 
published  in  171G;  a  Ud  edition,  1772;  a  4th, 
with  notes,  by  S.  G.  Drake,  1H27. —  Church'a 
Xiirnil ice  ;.  Account  of  Church  annexed  to  it; 
Iliihiirn. 

CIIUUCII,  Bkxjamin,  a  jdiysician  in  Boston, 
regarded  as  a  traitor  to  his  country,  was"  grad- 
uated at    Harvard   college  in    17*34,  and   having 
studied  with   Dr.  Pynchon,  rose  to  considerable 
eminence  as  a  i)hysician  and  ])articularly  as  a  sur- 
geon.    He  had  talents,  genius,  and  a  poetic  fancy. 
.\l)out  the   year  1708   ho   built  him  an  elegant 
house  at  Kaynham,  on  tlie  side  of  Nipjjahonsit 
])ond,  allured  perhaps  by  the  pleasures  of  fishing. 
Perhaps  it  was  thus  that  he  created  a  iiccuniary 
embarrassment,  which  led  to  liis  defection  from 
the  cause  of  his  country.     In  the  earnest  discus- 
sions, which  i)reccded  the  war  of  the  llevolution, 
he  was  a  zealous  whig  and  tlie  associate  of  the 
])rincipal  whigs   in  Boston.     In   1774  he  was  a 
member  of  the  provincial  congress,  and  was  sus- 
])ected  of   communicating  intelligence  to  Gov. 
Gage  and  of  receiving  a  reward  of  his  treachery. 
One  of  his   students,  who   kcjit   liis  books,  and 
knew   his    embarrassment,  could  not  otherwise 
account  for  his  sudden  acqiasition  of  some  hun- 
dreds of  "  new  British  guineas."    In  Boston  he 
was  in  fre(]uent  intercourse  with  Cajjt.  Price,  a 
half-pay  British  officer,  and  with  Bobinson,  one 
of   the  commissioners.    A  few  days   after  the 
battle  of  Lexington  in  April,  1775,  when  he  was 
at  Cambridge  with  the  conmiittee  of  safety,  he 
suddenly  declared  his  resolution  to  go  into  Bos 
ton  the  next  day :  he  went  to  the  house  of  Gen. 
Gage.     At  length  his  treachery  was  detected.     A 
letter,  written  in  cijiher,  to  his  brother  in  Boston, 
was  intrusted  by  him  to  a  young  woman,  with 
whom  he  was  living  in  crime.     The  mysterious 
letter  was  found  uj)on  lier;  but,  the  doctor  having 
opportunity  to  sj)eak  to  her,  it  was  only  by  the 
force  of  threats  that  the  name  of  the  writer  was 
extorted  from   her.      When   Gen.    Washington 
charged   him  with   his    baseness,   he    never    at- 
tempted to  vindicate  himself.     Ho  was  convicted 
by  court  martial  Oct.  3,  of  which  Washington 
was   president,   "  of  holding   a  criminal   corres- 
pondence with  the  enemy."    He  was  imprisoned 
at  Cambridge.    Oct.  27,  he  was  called  to  the  bar 
of  the  house  of  representatives   and  examined. 
His  defence  was   very  ingenious  and  able :  that 
the  letter  was  designed  for  his  brolher,  but  that, 
not  being  sent,  he  had  communicated  no  intelli- 
gence ;  that  there  was  nothing  in  the  letter  but 
notorious  facts ;    that  his  exaggerations  of  the 
.\mcrican  force  could  only  be  designed  to  favor 
the  cause  of  his  country;  and  that  his  object  was 
purely  patriotic.      He    added :    "  The    warmest 
bosom  here  does  not  flame  with  a  brighter  zeal 


2U4 


CHURCH. 


CLAin. 


m  i\' 


!lil  ,'•,:!' 


for  tlio  Rccurify,  Impjiiness,  nnd  liberties  of  Amer- 
ica, tlmn  mine."  His  elociiient  jiroii'ssions  did 
notnvnil  him.  He  was  expelled  from  tlie  iioiise; 
nnd  coii;jfreNs  afterwards  resolved,  tiiat  he  should 
1)0  eoiilined  in  jail  in  Connecticut  and  "  del)arred 
the  use  of  ])en,  ink,  and  i)a])er."  In  177(>  he 
watt  released  and  allowed  to  sail  for  the  West 
Indies;  hut  the  \essel  was  never  a^'aiu  heard  of 
His  own  well-written  account  of  his  examination 
nnd  defence  is  in  the  first  vol.  of  Historical  Col- 
lections. It  is  very  jjossihle,  that  his  sole  motive 
was  the  supply  of  his  ])eciniiary  wants,  occa- 
fiioned  by  liis  extravaf^ance,  and  that  heconnnuni- 
cated  nothinff  very  injurious  to  his  country;  but, 
that  he  held  c()rres])ondence  with  the  enemy, 
there  can  hardly  be  a  doubt.  Nor  is  the  j)atriol- 
ism  of  any  man  to  bo  trusted,  who  lives  in  the 
llafjrant  violation  of  the  rules  of  morality. 

He  was  the  best  of  the  jioetic  contributors  to 
the  "  I'ietas  et  Grattdatio  Cantabrif^iensis  n])U(l 
Novanjjlos,"  on  the  accession  of  Georp:e  IH.,  Ito., 
100  ])a},'es.  Amonfjf  the  other  writers  were  Sam. 
Coo])er,  Judf!;e  l,()well,  nnd  .Slejihen  Sewall.  He 
jjublished  also  an  ele^'v  on  the  times,  170,j;  elef,'y 
on  Dr.  Mayliew,  ITWi;  elef,'y  on  the  death  of 
Whitefield,  1770;  oration  on  the  5th  March,  177!J. 
—  dordoii,  11.  131;  Jlisl.  Coll.  1.  Hi;  V.  100; 
Ulifit ;   Tliarhc'r'n  Med.  Jliixj. 

CHURCH,  John  H.,  1 ).]).,  died  at  I'clham, 
N.  H.,  June  13,  1810,  a<,'ed  OS.  Rorn  in  Rut- 
land, he  was  a  pjraduate  of  Harvard  in  1797, 
nnd  was  for  forty  years  a  useful  minister  and  an 
able  counsellor  in  the  churches.  Out  of  a  salary 
of  100  pounds  he  fjave  annually  50  dollars  to 
charital)Ie  objects.  He  iniblished  n  sermon  on  the 
settlement  of  N.  V..,  1810;  one  before  the  jiasto- 
ral  association,  1829.  —  Huston  Jlecorder,  July 
10,  Aufj;.  28. 

CHURCH,  EinvAltl),  died  in  Lexinj^ton,  Ky., 
Ajn-il  22, 1S15,  of  inllammation  of  the  lun<,'s.  ap^ed 
CO ;  a  niilive  of  IJoston  and  descendant  of  Ca])t. 
Church  of  the  war  witli  Kin;,'  I'liilij).  He  left  Dos- 
ton  when  a  child,  was  educated  in  ]',n;j;land,  and 
■was  the  first  to  establish  steamboats  in  l^rance, 
Germany,  and  Italy.  He  lived  durhi','  some  of 
his  last  years  in  Xorthan)]it(m. 

CHUilCll,  Samii:!.,  chief  justice  of  Conn.,  was 
born  in  Siilitbury  in  Feb.,  1785,  f,'raduated  at 
Yale  in  LSO.'J,  and  died  at  Newtown  Sept.  12, 
IS'51,  aged  09.  A  lawyer  in  his  native  town,  he 
was  a  re|)resentalive,  senator,  and  judge  of  ])ro- 
bate  i  in  1n;J;1  a  judge  of  the  suijcrior  court ;  in 
1817  chief  justice.  He  had  removed  to  Litch- 
field in  1815.  He  was  distinguished  as  a  jurist, 
nnd  honored  as  a  Christian.  H.  Waite  was  his 
successor.  He  died  at  the  house  of  his  son-in- 
law.  Rev.  ^Ir.  Slone.  He  published  an  address 
nt  Salisbury  centennial  jubilee,  1811. 

CHURCHILL,  Silas,  minister  of  New  Leb- 
nnon,  N.  Y.,  died  March  1,  1854,  aged  81.    He 


was  an  excellent  pastor  from  1770  for  forly-two 
years. 

CHURCHMAN,  John,  n  (Juaker  nnd  a  native 
of  Marylaiul.  published  a  magnetic  atlas  and  ex- 
])lanalion,  l'liiladeli)hia,  1790;  also,  at  London, 
magnetic  atlas,  or  variation  charts  of  the  globe. 
He  died  nt  sea  .Inly  21,  1805. —  Liiril's  l,riiii>. 

CILLI'.Y,  J()si;i'H,  general,  an  officer  of  the 
Revolution,  died  in  Aug.,  1799,  aged  01.  He 
was  born  at  Nottingham,  N.  H.,  in  17-15,  of  which 
place  his  father,  Cajjt.  Josejih  ('.,  was  one  of  the 
first  settlers  in  1727.  With  but  little  education 
he  became  n  self-taught  lawyer,  in  conseipience 
of  living  amongst  n  litigious  ])eo])le.  I'.arly  in 
1775,  before  the  war,  he  with  other  patriots  dis- 
mantled the  fort  at  I'ortsmouth  and  removed  the 
cannon.  Immediately  after  the  battle  of  Lexing- 
ton he  marched  at  the  head  of  one  hundred  vol- 
unteers. Congress  nominated  him  a  major  in  the 
army  in  May,  1775,  and  afterwards  colonel.  At 
Ticonderoga  he  commanded  a  regiment  in  ,Tuly, 
1777.  He  fought  nt  the  storming  of  Stony  I'oint 
uiuler  ^^'aync,  and  at  Monmouth.  After  the  war 
he  was  ajijiointed  first  major-genernl  of  the  mili- 
tia, June  22,  1780;  nnd  lie  served  the  State  in 
various  departments  of  the  government.  From 
this  time  he  advised  the  peo])le  to  com])romise 
their  law-suits.  He  was  a  man  of  temj)erance, 
economy,  nnd  great  industry.  His  judgment  was 
soimd.  With  strong  j)nssion8  he  was  yet  f'rnnk 
and  humane.  In  jiolitics  ho  was  a  decided  reiiub- 
lican,  a  RU])i)orfer  of  the  administration  of  Mr. 
Jefferson.  —  Jltl/yiin//,  I.  370. 

CLAGETT,  HiCMtY,  Dr.,  died  in  Lcesburg,  Vn., 
May  20,  1812,  aged  70,  a  distinguished  jihysician. 

CLAIBORNK,  William  C.  C,  governor  of 
Mississipjji  and  Louisiana,  died  at  New  Orleans 
Nov.  23,  1817.  He  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1773, 
and  was  j)robably  a  descendant  of  Wm.  C,  an 
early  settler  in  Virginia  and  distinguished  in  the 
history  of  that  colony  from  about  1030  to  1051. 
Heing  t>red  a  lawyer,  he  settled  in  Tennessee, 
He  assisted  in  forming  the  constitution  of  the 
I  State  in  1790,  and  was  afterwards  a  member  of 
congress.  His  appointment  of  governor  of  the 
Mississi])])i  Territory  he  received  from  Mr.  Jeffer- 
son in  1802,  in  tlie  ])laco  of  Sargeant.  After  the 
purchase  of  Lo\iisiana  he  was  apjxiinfed  in  1804 
its  governor ;  and  to  that  oflice,  under  the  consti- 
tuti(m,  he  was  also  chosen  by  the  peo])le  from 
1812  to  181().  James  Villere  succeeded  him. 
Infected  a  senator  of  the  I'.  S.,  he  did  not  live  to 
take  his  seat.  As  chief  magistrate  he  was  up- 
right and  jjopular,  and  esteemed  in  private  life.  — 
Siilcm  Jlei/. ;  Lanl'x  l.cmpr. 

CLAIR,  AiiTinu  St.,  general,  died  nt  Laurel 
Hill,  I'ennsUvania,  Aug.  31,  1818,  aged  84.  He 
was  l)<)rn  at  I'dinburgh,  and  came  to  this  country 
with  Admiral  Roseawcn  in  1755.  He  served  as  a 
lieutenant  under  Wolfe.     After  the  peace  he  was 


^iiii!. 


CLAIII. 


CL.VP. 


S25 


intriwtcd  with  the  command  of  fort  Li)»onirr  in  ' 
I'l'Miisylvimiu.     Ilcri' lie  ni'ttli'd   lis  a  citizen.     In 
tlu'  Uovoliitioniiry  war  hi-  osjjouscd  tlic  Anioriiiin 
cause.     In    1T7(>   lie  acc()mi>aiiied   tiie  troops  to 
Canada,  and  afterwards  was  in  the  trnttle  of'l'ren- 
ton.     lie  was  n])])ointcd  liy  conjjrcss  hrifjadier- 
f,'cncral  in  Aiif,'.,  17T(>,  and  major-fjencrul  I't'.i 
10,  1777.     Commanding  at  Ticonderofja,   w;,.ii 
Uurfjoyne   apijroached,   he   evacuated  that   post 
July  (>,  1777.     A  court  of  inquiry  honorahly  ac- , 
quitted  him  of  charj^es  of  cowardice  and  treachery.  ' 
Ho  had  not  troops  cnouj^hto  man  the  lines.  Had 
he  listened  to  the  counsels  of  rash  heroes,  his 
army  would  have  been  sacrificed.     He  afterwards 
joined  the  army  of  Greene  at  the  south.     On  the 
occurrence  of  jioace  he  returned  to  I'ennsylvania, 
from  which  State  he  was  sent  a  delegate  to  con- 
gress in  1781.     In  1787  he  was  chosen  president 
of  congress.    Of  the  territory  northwest  of  the 
Ohio  he  was  appointed  governor  in  Oct.,  1789, 
and  held  the  place  till   1802,     In  1701  he  was 
n])])ointed  commander-in-chief  of  the  forces,  to 
be  emijloycd  against  the  Indians.     He  proceeded 
to  the  neighborhood  of  the  Miami  villages  and  cn- 
eamjied,  Nov.  3,  with  fourteen  hundred  men.    The 
next  morning,  soon  after  the  men  were  dismissed 
from  the  parade,  the  Indians  commenced  the  attack 
and  instantly  put  to  flight  the  militia,  who  were 
encamiied  a  little  in  advance.     The  regular  troops 
fought  bravely  several  hours,  repeatedly  charging 
with  the  bayonet ;  but  the  Indians  still  jioured  in 
a  deadly  fire.    Several  officers  had  fallen,  among 
whom  was  Gen.  Butler  and  Maj.  Ferguson;  half 
the  army  had  been  killed  or  wounded  j  and  the 
terror  became  so  great,  that  St.  Clair  found  it 
necessary  to  retreat.     They  were  pursued  only 
four  miles,  when  the  Indians  returned  to  i)lunder 
the  camp;  but  the  troops  fled  ijrceipitately  thirty 
miles,   and  then  continued  the   retreat  to  fort 
Wasliington.    The  loss  was  thirty-eight  officers 
killed   and  five  hundred  and  ninety-three  men, 
twenty-one  officers  wounded  and  two  hundred  and 
forty-two  men.    The  Indian  force  was  supposed 
to  be  from  one  thousand  to  fifteen  hundred.   The 
Indians  said  they  had  four  thousand  men  and  lost 
fifty-six.    There  was  no  ground  of  censure  on  St. 
Clair  for  this  defeat.    He  was  ready  for  the  at- 
tack.    Eight  balls   passed  through  his  clothes. 
The  next  year  he  resigned  his  military  commis- 
sion, and  Gen.  Wayne  succeeded  liim. 

Ohio  was  erected  into  an  independent  State  in 
1802.  As  the  election  of  governor  ajiproached, 
in  an  address  to  the  people,  Dec.  8,  1802,  St. 
Clair  declined  being  a  candidate  for  governor. 
He  said  that  for  fourteen  years,  since  the  first  in- 
stitution of  the  territorial  government,  in  which 
lived  only  thirty  men,  he  had  endeavored  to  ex- 
tend the  liberty  and  promote  the  happiness  of 
the  people,  neglecting  his  own  private  afi'airs.  He 
reprobated  the  act  of  congress,  imposing  certain 
29 


conditions,  as  allowing  hut  one  memhor  of  con* 

grcss,  and  called  upon  the  ju'oplc  to  niukc  a  con- 
stitution in  their  own  way,  and  to  imitate  tho 
spirit  of  Vermont.  'I'liis  address  was  jirobably 
oH'ciisive  to  Mr.  Jefferson,  who  removed  him  from 
his  office  of  territorial  governor. 

Ily  a  statement  made  in  182j,  it  appears  that 
St.  Clair  advanced  in  Oct.,  1770,  to  Maj.  Wm. 
lUitlcr,  of  the  I'ennsylvania  troops,  1800  dollars, 
to  aid  in  the  re-enlistment  of  soldiers.  This 
claim  was  barred  liy  the  statute  ;  but  it  was  ad- 
justed in  1817  by  the  payment  only  of  2000  dol- 
lars, on  condition  of  releasing  congress  from  all 
claims.  Tiie  ])enniless  general  sulimitted.  There 
was  granted  him  also  the  halt-pay  of  a  major- 
general,  or  00  dollars  per  month,  which  he  en- 
joyed but  a  short  tiiiu',  being  then  eighty-three 
years  old.  The  annuity  of  2J()0  dollars  for  life  to 
Baron  Steuben,  and  the  liaymciits  to  the  daughters 
of  Count  de  Grasse  and  to  Lady  Stirling,  were 
honorable  to  congress.  An  obelisk  monument 
was  erected  to  his  memory  by  the  masonic  society, 
in  18o2,  at  Greensburg,  j'eiin.,  over  his  remains. — 
AVw  York  tSjurliilor,  Jan.  20,  180;j;  J.urd's 
Lciiipr. 

CLAP,  lloor.U,  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Dor- 
chester, Mjiss.,  died  ill  Boston  I'el).  2,  1001,  aged 
Ml.     He  was  born  in  England  April  0,  1000,  and 
came  to  this  country  with  Warham  and  Maverick 
in  IGoO.     At  this  time  there  were  only  a  few  set- 
tlers at  I'lymoulh,  Salem,  and  Charlestown,     Mr, 
Clap,  with  others  of  tiio  company,  began  a  jilan- 
tation  at  Dorchester,     The  hardships  I'lidur-'d  at 
first  were  very  considerable,  as  there  was  a  great 
want  of  the  necessaries  of  life;  the  Indians,  how- 
ever, who  brought  baskets   of  corn   for  traffic, 
afforded  great  assistance.     The  jieople  were  glad 
to  jn'ocure  clams,  and  muscles,  and  fish  ;  and  often 
they  had   nothing  but   samji,  or   homhiy.     Mr. 
Clap  sustained  several  civil  and  military  offices, 
llewasareiirescntativcof  thetown,and  ui  August, 
ICCj,  he  was  aiijiointed  by  the  general  court  the 
captain   of  castle  AVilliam.     This   trust  he   dis- 
charged  with   great  fidelity,  and  continued   in 
command  till  108(5,  when   he   resigned.     During 
his  residence  at  the  castle  he  officiated  as  chaj)- 
lain,   always   calling  in   the    soldiers   to   family 
prayer.     He  constantly  attended  the  lectures  in 
Boston.     While  he  was  remarkably  pious,  very 
meek  and  humble,  and  of  a  quiet  and  peaceable 
spirit,  there   was   a   dignity   in   his   dejxn-tment 
which  commanded  res]iect.     He  possessed  also  a 
pleasant   and   cheerful   disposition.     In  1080  he 
removed  from   the  castle  into  Boston.     Among 
his  sons  are  the  names  of  Treserved,  Ilopestill, 
and  Desire,  and  one  of  'lis  daughtcr.s  was  named 
Wait.     Mr.  Treserved  Clap  was  one  of  the  early 
settlers  of  Northampton,  and  died  Sept.  20, 1720, 
aged  about  77  years.     Cajit.  Clap  wrote  memoirs 
of  himself,  in  w  hich  he  gives  a  sketch  of  the  early 


22G 


CLAl' 


(LAP, 


t' : 


liiHtory  of  \cw  I'lifjlnml,  mid  leaves  Komc  C'xrrl- 
leiit  iidvico  to  his  (IcNii'iidants.  'I'lii'sc  mciiioirs 
were  |)iil)liNlicd  in  n  small  |iniii|)lilrt  liy  Mr. 
I'rinco  in  \l'<i\,  luiil  llicy  wen-  ri'|uililislir(l  in 
1807,  willi  iin  iipjHiidix  liy  James  Itiakc. — I'lii/t'.i 
Meiiiiihn ;  full.  Ilixl.  Si'r.  IX.  Mi»,  \M. 

CLAl',  Naiiiamki,,  miiiistt'i-  of  Newport,  1{.  I., 
died  Oct.  ;j(l.  ITl.j,  a>,'ed  77.  He  was  the  nou 
of  Nathaniel  Claj)  and  j,'rands(m  of  Deacon  Nich- 
olnH  C,  a  settler  of  ])(ireliesler  in  Hl.'Ki.  He  was 
born  Jan.,  lOtiH,  and  was  (graduated  at  Harvard 
college  in  l(i!M).  In  1<)!''»  he  liegan  to  preach  at 
Ncwjjort ;  and  ho  continued  his  labors  under 
many  discouragements  till  a  church  was  formed, 
of  which  he  was  ordained  jiastor  Nov.  3,  1720. 
In  a  few  years,  however,  a  ])opular  young  man, 
whom  he  diso])prove<l,  drew  away  a  majority  of 
his  people ;  in  consecpiencc  of  which  a  new  church 
wos  formed,  of  which  Mr.  Claj)  was  the  jiastor 
for  the  remainder  of  liis  life.  lie  preached  in 
Newport  nearly  fifty  years.  In  17-10,  when  Mr. 
Whitefield  arrived  at  New]iort  from  CharlcNton, 
he  called  ujjon  Mr.  Clap,  and  he  sjieaks  of  him 
as  the  most  venerable  man  he  ever  saw.  "He 
looked  like  a  good  old  Puritan,  and  gave  me  an 
idea  of  what  stamp  those  men  were  who  first  set- 
tled New  England.  His  countenance  was  very 
heavenly,  and  he  jirayed  most  affectionately  for 
a  blessing  on  my  coming  to  Rhode  Island.  I 
could  not  but  think  that  I  was  sitting  with  one  of 
the  patriarchs.  He  is  full  of  days,  a  bachelor, 
and  has  been  a  minister  of  a  congregation  in 
llhodo  Island  upwards  of  forty  years."  Dean 
Berkley,  who  esteemed  him  highly  for  his  good 
deeds,  said  :  "IJefore  I  saw  father  Clap,  I  thought 
the  bishop  of  Uome  had  the  gravest  asjicct  of 
any  man  I  ever  saw ;  but  really  the  minister  of 
Newport  has  the  most  venerable  appearance." 
His  colleague,  Jonathan  Helycr,  who  was  or- 
dained June  20,  1744,  died  a  few  mouths  before 
him,  May  27,  1745. 

Mr.  Claj)  was  eminent  for  sanctity,  jiiety,  and 
an  ardent  desire  to  jjromoto  true  godliness  in 
others.  The  powers  of  his  mind  and  his  learning 
were  above  the  common  level,  but  he  made  no 
attempt  to  disjilay  himself  and  attract  attention. 
Though  he  had  some  singularities,  yet  his  zeal  to 
promote  the  knowledge  of  Jesus  Christ  and  the 
interests  of  his  gospel  spread  a  lustre  over  all  his 
character.  He  was  zealously  attached  to  what  he 
considered  the  true  doctrines  of  grace,  and  to 
the  forms  of  worship  which  he  believed  to  be  of 
Divine  institution  j  but  his  charity  embraced  good 
men  of  all  denominations.  He  had  little  value 
for  merely  sjieculative,  local,  nominal  Christianity, 
and  a  form  of  godliness  without  its  j)Ower.  He 
insisted  chiefly  upon  that  faith  by  which  we  are 
justified  and  have  jieace  with  God  through  our 
Lord  Jesus,  and  that  repentance  toward  God  and 
new  obedience,  which  are  the  necessary  effect  and 


'  evidence  of  regeneration,  and  the  jirnper  ex<'r(iNC 
of  Christianity.  In  his  preaching  he  dwelt  much 
upon  the  evil  of  xin  and  the  worth  of  the  smd, 
the  iiilliieiice  of  the  Divine  Spirit  in  restoring  us 
to  the  iiniige  of  (iod.and  the  neeesNityof  eonsiant 
piety  and  devotion.  He  addressed  his  breliircn 
jwilh  the  afleetioiiate  earnestness  which  a  regard 
to  their  wellare  and  a  full  conviction  of  the  great 
truths  of  the  gosjiel  could  not  but  insjiire.  He 
\  abounded  in  acts  of  charity,  being  the  father  and 
guardian  of  the  jioor  and  necessitous,  and  giving 
,  away  all  his  living.  He  scattered  many  little 
books  of  jiiety  and  virtue,  and  jtut  himself  to 
very  considerable  e.\j)ense,  that  he  nn'ght  in  this 
way  awaken  the  careless,  instinct  the  ignorant, 
encourage  the  servants  of  Christ,  and  save  the 
sinner  from  death.  He  was  remarkable  for  his 
care  with  regard  to  the  education  of  children,  and 
his  concern  for  the  instruction  of  servants.  He 
knew  by  experience  the  advantages  of  a  ])ioiis 
education,  and,  fully  aware  of  the  consecpuiiees 
of  suffering  the  youthful  mind  to  be  undirecled  to 
what  is  good,  he  gave  much  of  his  attention  to 
the  lambs  of  his  Hock.  His  benevolent  labors 
also  extended  to  the  humble  and  numerous  class 
of  slaves,  to  whom  he  endeavored  with  unwearied 
care  to  im|)art  the  knowledge  of  the  gosjiel. 
Thus  evincing  the  reality  of  his  religion  by  the 
])urity  ond  benevolence  of  his  life,  he  was  an 
honor  to  the  cause  of  the  Redeemer,  in  which 
he  was  engaged.  He  dejjarted  this  life  in  j)eacc, 
without  those  raj)turcs  which  some  express,  but 
with  perfect  resignation  to  the  will  of  God  and 
with  confidence  in  Jesus  Christ,  who  was  the  sum 
of  his  doctrine  and  the  end  of  his  conversation. 
He  published  advice  to  children,  IGOl  ;  a  sermon 
on  the  Lord's  voice  crying  to  the  jicojile  in  some 
extraordinary  disjiensations,  1715.  —  Callemler's 
Funeral  Sermon  ;  Hist.  Coll.  IX.  182, 18:3 ;  Jlack- 
ns'  Abriil(/m.  151,H\8;  WldtrftdiVs  Journal  of 
1749;  3!/-45;  Elint. 

CLAP,  Thomas,  j)rosident  of  Yale  college,  died 
at  New  Haven  Jan.  7,  17G7,  aged  03.  He  was 
born  at  Scituate,  Mass.,  June  2G,  1703,  the  son  of 
Stephen,  and  wa  ■  graduated  at  Harvard  college 
in  1722.  He  was  the  descendant  of  Thomas 
Clap,  the  brother  of  Nicholas  Clap  of  Dorchester, 
who  died  at  Scituate  in  1084 ;  the  early  impres- 
sions, made  upon  his  mind  by  Divine  grace,  in- 
clined him  to  the  study  of  divinity.  He  was  set- 
tled in  the  ministry  at  Windham,  Conn.,  Aug.  3, 
1726,  the  successor  of  Samuel  Whiting,  whose 
daughter  he  married.  His  second  wife  was 
Mary,  daughter  of  John  Ilaynes,  and  widow  of 
Rosewell  Saltonstall ;  he  married  her  in  1741. 
From  this  place  he  was  removed  in  1739  to  the 
presidentship  of  Yale  college,  as  successor  of  E. 
Williams.  This  office  he  resigned  Sept.  10, 1766. 
He  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Daggett.  In  hi.-i  last 
years  a  clamor  was  raised  against  him :   it  was 


iisii 


CI.AP. 


n.AiiK. 


227 


rrprc-ciitcil  tliiU  he  was  nttuclifd  to  anti()unti'(I 
iiolioiis  and  avii'M'  to  iin|ir()Viriiciits  iiu'iliu  atioii. 
Mfii  li'sH  t'van;,'flkMl  than  lir  in  tlii'ir  ri'liKioU" 
views  were  liii  rncinics.  lie  |ii».'<i'>m'(1  htion;; 
powi'is  of  tniiiil,  a  ilc.ir  |i(i('c|itiiin,  and  Kolid 
jn(l;;ni('nt.  'I'liou^'li  not  Miy  cMiincnt  lor  <  las>i- 
cal  li'aniiii;;,  lie  liu<l  a  coniiJi'ttnt  knowlid^'c  of 
l.rtlin,  (Jix't'k,  and  llclirt'w.  In  the  lii;,'lii'r 
hranelicM  of  tnatlicniatics,  in  astronomy,  and  in 
tlic  various  di'iiartnicnts  of  natural  |)liilo>o|iliy  lie 
liiid  |i'  Salily  no  t'lpial  in  Anu'rita,  fxccptinj; 
I'mf.  \  intliro])  of  ('anil)rid>;c.  Jlc  n])i)tars  to 
havi'  liri'u  uxtcuNivi'ly  and  profoundly  ai'tpiaintcd 
villi  history,  thL'olof,'y,  moral  philosophy,  tlic  can- 
on and  civil  law,  and  with  most  of  the  objects  of 
study  in  his  time.  The  labors  of  his  odlcc  Icll  a 
most  contfm])lativc  min<l  only  a  few  hours  for 
rcadin;;;  hut  he  emi)loyed  what  time  he  could 
devote  to  study,  in  a  most  advantaf^eous  method. 
He  always  jjursued  his  researches  systematically, 
with  an  arraufjement  which  had  respect  to  some 
whole.  A  larjje  library  before  him  ho  treated  as 
n  collection  of  rei)orts,  books  deliveriuf;  the 
knowled;?e  and  rcasouiiifjs  of  the  learned  world 
on  all  subjects  of  literature,  lie  seldom  read  a 
volume  thron^li  in  course,  llaviufj;  ])reviously 
settled  in  his  mind  the  jiarticidnr  subjects  to  be 
examined,  he  had  recourse  directly  to  the  book, 
or  the  ])art8  of  a  book,  which  would  give  him  the 
desired  information,  generally  passing  by  what  did 
not  relate  to  the  oiiect  of  his  in(|uiry,  however  at- 
tracting and  interesting.  He  thus  amassed  and 
digested  a  valuable  treasure  of  erudition,  Imving 
investigated  almost  all  the  princijial  subjects  in  the 
whole  circle  of  literature.  He  was  indefatigaide 
in  labors  both  secular  and  scientiilc  for  the  insti- 
tution over  which  he  presided.  He  was  the 
means  of  building  a  college  edifice  and  chapel ; 
and  he  gave  frequent  public  dissertations  in  the 
various  de])artments  of  learning. 

As  a  i)roaclier  he  was  solid,  grave,  and  powerful ; 
not  HO  much  delighting  by  a  llorid  manner,  as  im- 
pressing by  the  weight  of  his  matter.  His  reli- 
gious sentiments  accorded  with  the  Calvinism  of 
the  Westminister  Assembly.  He  had  thoroughly 
studied  the  Scriptures,  and  had  read  the  most 
eminent  divines  of  the  two  preceding  centuries. 
Though  in  his  jjcrson  he  was  not  tall,  ho  yet  a])- 
peared  rather  bulky.  His  aspect  was  light,  placid, 
and  contemplative ;  and  he  was  a  calm  andjudicious 
man,  who  had  the  entire  command  of  his  jjassions. 
Intent  on  being  useful,  ho  was  economical  and 
lived  by  rule,  and  was  a  rare  jjattcrn  of  industry. 
He  had  no  fondness  for  parade.  As  he  was  ox- 
em  jjlary  for  piety  in  life,  so  he  was  resigned  and 
jieaceful  at  the  hom-  of  death.  When  some  one 
in  his  last  illness  observed  to  him,  that  he  was 
dangerously  sick,  he  rc])lied  that  a  j)erson  was 
not  in  a  dangerous  situation  who  was  ai)proaching 
the  cud  of  his  toils.    By  some  meaus  he  ocquiicd 


a  prijndire  ngniii-t  Mr.  W'hitcfield.  He  was  n\y- 
pr('hen>i\e,  that  it  was  the  design  of  that  eloipicut 
preacher  to  break  down  our  churches,  and  to  in- 
troduce inini>ters  from  Scotland  and  Ireland,  lie 
therefore  opposed  him,  tiiough  it  is  lielie\ed  that 
they  did  not  (lill'er  niudi  in  their  religious  senti- 
ments, lie  had  a  conlr>i\ersy  with  Mr.  I'.dwards 
of  Northamiitun  respecting  a  conversation  which 
passcdbetweeiithem  in  reference  to. Mr. Whitelleld. 
He  sei'ms  to  have  misa]>prehended  Mr.  I'.dwardrt. 
Mr.  Clap  consirncted  the  first  orrery,  or  jilanet- 
arium,  made  ii\  America.  llis  nuuiuseiipts  were 
plundered  in  tlio  exjiedition  against  New  Haven 
under  (ien. 'I'yron.  He  had  made  collections  of 
materials  for  a  history  of  Connecticut.  Ho  pub- 
lished a  sermon  at  tlie  ordination  of  I'".])hraim 
Little,  Colchester,  Sej.t. 'J(i,  ITlfJ;  letter  to  Mr. 
I'.dwards,  respecting  Mr.  Whitetield's design,  17  l.j; 
the  religious  constitution  of  colleges,  I'oi;  a  brief 
history  and  vindication  of  the  doctrines,  received 
and  established  in  the  churches  of  New  L'ngland, 
with  a  specimen  of  the  now  scheme  of  religion, 
beginning  to  prevail,  l"';ij;  this  scheme  he  col- 
lects from  the  writings  of  Chubb,  Taylor,  Foster, 
llntcheson,  Cami)boll,  and  llamsay  ;  and  in  op- 
posing it  ho  vindicates  the  use  of  creeds,  and  con- 
tends for  the  doctrines  of  the  Divinity  and  satis- 
faction of  Christ,  origliuil  sin,  the  necessity  of 
special  grace  in  rogenoration,  and  justification  by 
faith.  He  ])nblished  also  an  essay  on  the  nature 
and  foundation  of  moral  virtue  and  obUgation, 
ITti.j ;  a  history  of  Yale  college,  170(5 ;  and  con- 
jectures u))on  the  nature  and  motion  of  meteors 
which  are  above  the  atmosphere,  1781.  —  Ilolmea' 
l.lfc.  nf  Slilcx,  203,  303-390;  Aniuih,U.  151; 
Mi/lci;  II.  300 ;  DuijijdCs  Funeral  Sermon ; 
JJi.sl.  Yale  Coll. 

CLAl'l',  Asa,  died  in  Portland  May  17,  1848, 
aged  SO ;  a  successful  merchant,  regarded  as  the 
richest  man  in  Maine.  Judge  Woodbury  married 
his  daughter.  His  life,  by  J.  A.  Lowell,  is  iu 
Lives  of  American  merchants. 

CLAl'l',  I'liKiii;,  widow  of  Benjamin,  died  in 
Eastliampton  May  30,  1817,  aged  07.  There  fol- 
lowed her  to  the  grave,  fifteen  cliildren,  of  whom 
tliirtoon  were  heads  of  families,  one  a  daughter 
79  years  old.  She  had  seventy  grand-children 
and  seventy  grcat-grand-childreu.  She  was  one 
of  the  seventy-throe  original  members  of  the 
church  sixty-three  years  before. 

CLAliK,  John,  a  physician,  died  in  Boston  in 
1004,  aged  00.  He  was  born  in  England,  came 
to  Xowbury  in  1038,  and  lived  there  till  1051, 
when  ho  removed  to  Boston.  His  picture,  with 
ajjjjropriato  symbols  of  his  profession,  is  in  the 
Massachusetts  historical  society  library;  a  print 
hi  Coffin's  history  of  Xowbury. 

CLAUK,  John,  a  jjliysician  in  Boston,  was  the 
oldest  son  of  John  C,  a  physician,  who  diea  in 
1090,  and  the  grandson  of  John  C,  also  a  pbysi- 


228 


cr.AUK. 


Hi 


.'■■:!. 


! 


I        'BIII>''>N 


... , 


riaii,  wlio  arrived  in  this  ((Pimtr)  iilioiil  Ifi.'O.  He 
wiiN  ({riidimtcd  al  lliirvurd  (nlli^fc  in  KiNT.  I'cir 
nfvcrul  ycarH  Uv  wan  llic  H|)ciikiT  of  the  Uhwhv  of 
rc|)rrscntativ('s,  nn<l  a  nKinlicr  of  llic  council.  In 
till'  (■ontro\(r>.y  willi  Sliulc  lii'  wan  u  utron^'  oppo- 
nent. Ill  i!ii(l  I  tec.  (1,  ITL'S.ii^jei!  .")!».  Hit  third 
wife,  Sarah  I.everett,  Niir\i\ed  hitn  ami  married 
Dr.  Cohnan.  His  son  .lohn,  a  phjsieian  in  Itos- 
lon,  died  .April  (i,  MUH,  ix'^vd  fl!),  Iieiii<(  the  father 
of  I'.li/ahetli,  the  wife  of  Dr.  Majhiw,  and  the 
fnllier  of  .Fohn  Clark,  al.--o  a  physician,  who  died 
ill  17NM.  'i'his  last  wa.s  the  father  of  .John,  a  phy- 
hiciail,  who  died  at  Weston,  April,  INO.'),  (i;,'ed  UT, 
leaving  no  male  ismie. —  'J'/iiic/n /■'.•<  Mul,  lllni/, 

CLARK,  I)AMl;l.,  the  liead  of  the  faniilien  of 
CiurkN,  died  at  Windsor,  Ct.,  of  which  he  wan  an 
early  settler,  .Vu;;.  IL',  17  Id,  a^'cd  H".  His  wii'e,  liy 
whom  he  liad  ten  children,  was  Mary  Newberry, 
dau};hter  of 'I'honias  of  Horchester.  He  was  an 
attorney  and  a  lua^jistrate.  .\s  the  town  of 
Windsor  had  n  "  (,'reat  pew,"  which  was  wain- 
scotti'd,  for  the  sittinjf  of  the  inafjistrates,  thi'  town 
npiiointed  him  to  sit  in  that  pew.  (ioodwin 
gives  the  iinmes  of  two  hundred  nnd  twciity- 
thrt'P  of  liis  descendants. 

CLAUK,  ]'i;Ti;it,  minister  of  Danvers,  Mass., 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  17 IL',  and  was 
ordained  pnstor  of  the  first  church  in  Salem  village, 
now  ])nnvcrs,  June  5,  1717.  Here  he  continued 
more  than  luilf  a  century.  He  died  Jmic  10, 
1708,  aged  lii.  He  was  highly  respected  ns  n 
minister  of  the  gospel,  and  there  were  few  who 
were  more  universally  venerated.  He  was  very 
plain  and  faithful  in  his  admonitions,  and  he  ap- 
plied himself  diligently  to  sacred  studies.  I'os- 
BCHsing  an  inquisitive  genius,  lie  read  all  the 
modern  books  of  any  note  which  came  in  his 
way.  By  conversing  miicli  with  some  of  the  best 
and  most  celebrated,  he  had  formed  a  sty  le  some- 
what superior  to  that  of  most  of  his  contempo- 
raries, lie  was  warmly  attached  to  the  senti- 
ments generally  embraced  in  the  New  England 
churches.  He  published  a  sermon  at  tlie  ordina- 
tion of  W.  Jennison,  Salem,  1728;  two  letters  on 
baptism,  1732;  the  necessity  and  efHcacy  of  the 
grace  of  God  in  the  conversion  of  the  sinner, 
1734;  at  the  artillery  election,  1730;  at  tht 
election,  1739;  at  a  fast,  occasioned  by  the  war, 
Feb.  2G,  1741 ;  before  the  annual  convention  of 
ministers,  1745;  a  defence  of  the  divine  right 
of  infant  baptism,  Rvo.  1752;  sinritual  fortitude 
recommended  to  young  men,  1757  ;  the  Scripture 
doctrine  of  original  sin  stated  and  defended  in 
a  summer  morning's  conversation,  175.S;  this  was 
in  answer  to  the  "winter  evening's  conversa- 
tion;" a  defence  of  the  principles  of  the  sum- 
mer morning's  conversation,  1700;  a  Dudleian 
lecture,  1703. — BnnturiVs  Fun.  Serm. 

CLAKK,  Abilmiam,  a  jjatriot  of  tlie  Revolu- 
tion, wa.s  born   Feb.  5,  1720,  at  I'^li/aljethtown, 


cr.AItK. 

New  Jrniry,  nnd  wa»  lir-d  a  farmer,  laif  gave  IiIr 
( hief  ntlenlion  to  xiirMUiig,  ennvevinieitig,  nnd 
the  imparling  of  gratuitous  li'gal  niMee  to  hix 
lU'ighliorN.  Ileiiig  a|ip'iinled  a  inemher  of  ron- 
gresN,  he  vot<'d  for  the  Heehnation  <if  Independ- 
ence and  allixed  his  name  to  that  iMstrninenl.  .Mier 
the  adop'Ioii  of  the  ('onstiliitiMii  he  was  c  ho-en  a 
niemli<rof  the  secmid  iiiiigress.  He  died  in  coii- 
seqiieiue  of  a  stroke  of  the  sun,  in  Sept.,  I7!M, 
aged  07,  and  was  buried  at  Kahway.  |)uriiig  the 
war  several  of  his  koiin,  otlieers  in  the  army,  fell 
into  the  hands  of  the  enemy  and  were  shut  up  in 
the  niemoralile  prison-ship  .Fersey.  The  sntler- 
ings  of  one  of  them  were  such,  that  congress 
ordered  a  retaliation. —  (luinln'rh'.s  /.ins;  lliinj. 
Sli/iirrs  (if'  l>ir.  /inlipniih  iirr. 

CJ-.\HK,  .loNAS,  minister  of  Lexington,  Mass., 
was  born  at  Newton,  |)ee.  25,  1730,  was  graduated 
at  Harvard  college  in  1752,  and  onlained  as  suc- 
cessor of  Mr.  Hancock  Nov.  5,  1755.  Having 
through  the  coursi-  of  half  a  century  ajiproved 
himself  an  able  nnd  faithful  minister  of  the  gos- 
pel, he  died  in  much  ])eace  Nov.  15,  1K05,  aged 
74.  His  daughter,  I.ydia,  wife  of  llenjamin 
Cireeneof  Uerwick,  died  in  1830.  He  was  wholly 
devoted  to  the  duties  of  his  sacred  calling.  His 
])ublic  discourses  consisted  not  of  learned  discus- 
sions on  s]ieculative  or  metaiihysical  subjects,  nor 
yet  of  dry  lectures  on  heathen  morality ;  !)ut  of 
the  most  interesting  truths  of  the  gospel,  deliv- 
ered with  uncommon  energy  nnd  zeal.  In  the 
times  ])rccediiig  the  American  Itevolution  he  was 
not  behind  any  of  his  brethren  in  givhig  his  influ- 
ence on  the  side  of  his  country,  in  o|)])osition  to 
its  opjiressors.  It  was  but  a  few  rods  from  his 
own  door,  that  the  first  blood  was  shed  in  the 
war.  On  the  morning  of  April  10,  1775,  he  saw 
his  parishioners  most  wantonly  murdered.  Dur- 
ing the  struggle,  which  then  commenced,  the 
anniversary  of  this  outrage  was  religiously  ol)- 
scrved  by  liim  and  liis  peoj)lo.  He  ])ublished  a 
sermon  and  narrative  on  Lexington  battle,  1770. 
This  was  the  first  anniversary.  Successive  ju'cach- 
ers  on  the  occasion,  whose  sermons  were  pub- 
lished, were  S.  Cooke,  J.  ^.'ushing,  S.  Woodward, 
J.  Morrill,  H.  Cumings,  1'.  I'ayson,  and  Z.  Adams. 
He  published  also  a  sermon  at  the  artillery  elec- 
tion, 1708;  at  the  election,  1781.  —  I'auopl.  I. 
324  ;  Columbian  Cent.  Dec.  31,  1805. 

CLAKK,  Jamk.s,  colonel,  a  descendant  of  Dan- 
iel, died  in  Lebanon  in  1820,  aged  90.  An  officer 
in  the  army,  he  fought  at  Bunker  Hill. 

CLARK,  D.V.MEL,  died  in  Brooklyn,  Conn., 
April  14,  1854,  aged  101.  lie  was  i)orn  at  Chat- 
ham. His  father  lived  to  the  age  of  94;  his 
grandfather  to  that  of  99.  The  three  were  dea- 
cons. 

CLARK,  Joiix,  Dr.,  died  at  Utica  in  1822, 
aged  nearly  94,  a  graduate  of  Yale  in  1749.  His 
widow,  who  died  in  1823,  aged  92,  was  Jerusha, 


CI.AHK. 


rr.AUKK, 


(laiijfhtrr  of  Jahc/  lliiiifiM;,M(in,iir  Wiiiclhnm,  mill 
III'  I'.li/.ilx'tli  lidwanl'',  \tlio  u;is  ilic  iLiii^'lilrr 
iif  iSi  \.  I'iiiioiliy  1'..     'liny  Imil  twil\i'  rliilclri'ii. 

(  I.AltK.  J Miu.  jiiil^c,  ilii'il  III  Uiiidliiim  in 
1k;1(!,  Mjtril  h;i.  1I(>  scrvnl  ill  ihc  |{(\ci|iii|i)iiiiry 
uiir  ill  lilt'  i|Uiii-tt'niiii' t(  r'n  ilr|ini'tiiiriit.  iiml  wax 
jii(l;,'r  111'  the  ((iiiMly  ((iiirt.      lie  lijil  IriK  liildr'll. 

CI, AUK,  W  II  I.IWI,  ),'nv(iii.ir,  ilii'd  at  the  rr-i- 
(iclici'  III'  lii.H  Mill,  Mciiwctlur  I,,  ('lurk,  ill  St. 
I.imin,  Sept.  I,  IKIS,  ii^rcd  (Jm.  He  arriviil  iit  St. 
l.oiiiN  in  INII.'I,  and  with  .Mi.'riurllii  r  l.cwiN  pcr- 
riii'iiu'd  till'  lir--t  JiiiirncN  acriiss  tlic  iinilincnt  in  tin' 
iiioiitli  of  tlir  ('(iliiiiiMa.  Alter  liciii^^  jjuMriiiM' 
nl'  MisMiiiri  III'  \Mi><  Mi|iniiil(ii(l<'nt  of  Indian 
iit'/iiirM  lor  the  wchi  till  liis  dciilli.  Well  iindcr- 
slandiii''  till'  Indian  (liiu'actcr,  he  liiiil  lliiir  I'litlrc 


I'oiilidrncc.     Lewis  iiiid    C'larkV   t'xiicditiiin   wiin  | 
imlili^lii'd  in  '.*  viiN.,  IISM.  | 

('l,.\ltK,  Dami.I,  .\.,  died  of  niioiilcxy  in  New  1 
York  Mardi  ;t,  ISKI,  ii;{i'(l  (id;  lir  wa-i  Imriid  in 
New  Ilavi'ii.  A  niitivi' of  llali«a\,.\.  .1.,  and  a 
graduate  of  I'riiiccton  in  IHOS,  lie  was  llrst  sct- 
tird  iiM  a  mini  tor  near  liostoii ;  ulterwiirds  ill 
lli'nnin;,'ton,  Soutliliury,  and  AnilierNt ;  and  was 
known  iiH  an  aide  preaclier  and  writer.  lie  |)iili- 
lislml  a  .sermon  .Inly  I,  IHll;  at  .Vnilierst,  ISJOj 
a  traet,  the  rich  lieliever  liountil'iili  ii  nerinoii,  the 
ehiirih  safe  ;  and  U  vols,  of  Kurmoiis.  —  llullitwl'n 
Ilisl.  II.  KiS. 

C'I,.V11K,  Wil.i.iH  Ci.wi.oni),  died  nt  I'hiladel- 
]iliia  in  June,  IMU,  nj^ed  .'IL',  editor  of  the  I'hila- 
di'lljhia  CJazelte.  He  was  n  |ioet,  and  a  man  of 
talents,  of  an  aniialile  and  exemplary  character. 
He  was  horn  in  Olisco,  N.  Y.,  to  which  iilaco  his 
father,  dipt.  Kliakim  Clark,  u  native  of  North- 
amjiton,  Mass.,  and  hrothcr  of  liolmn  C,  emi- 
grated. His  sister  is  the  wife  of  Gen  Tiinero., 
one  of  the  leaders  of  the  free  set  1 1  i  Kaiisiw 

in  their  strnggle  against  the  Missouri  ruffians  in 
Nov,.  IN.Vj. 

CLAllK,  John  A.,  1).]).,  ilnd  N,,>.  27,  18-13, 
editor  of  the  l'Ii)iscopal  Itetxrder,  A  successfnl 
preacher,  he  toiled  in  N*-*  York,  Providence, 
and  Philadelphia. 

CLAltK,  Josi.vii,  minister  of  TUitland,  Mass., 
died  in  184o,  aged  (Kl.  A  native  of  Northampton, 
he  graduated  at  Williams  college  in  180!),  and 
was  for  a  few  years  ])rincii)al  of  Leicester  acad- 
emy, in  which  station  he  was  highly  respected, 
for  he  was  a  scholar,  and  had  ready  sympathies 
and  kind  feelings,  which  gained  the  attachment 
of  his  pupils.  His  son  was  aflerwards  preceptor 
in  the  Kiiglish  and  Latin  departments.  He  was 
a  ])opiilar  preacher,  and  in  his  ])arisli  a  willing 
counsellor  and  faithful  friend.  —  Washhuni's 
tihctch  (;/'  Li  ireufcr  Acddcmy. 

CLAUK,  John,  major,  died  in  Powhatan  Co., 
Va.,  May  IT,  18H,  aged  78,  a  llevolutionary  roI- 
dier,  and  a  distiiiguisbed  mcclianic,  who  built  the 
Virginia  armory. 


CI.AIIK.  riilM/l  It.  died  .It  live,  X.  v..  Srpt. 
II.  1^17,  ,1  ;i'd  7*<.  In  IiId  town  lie  liiiilt  two 
chiirihiH  lit  III*  oMii  expeno'.  mid  liliendly  con* 
triliiited  for  the  iniitiiiiiid  preiiching  of  the  ^im* 
|i(liiilioih.  .\l  liiH  death  lie  iniiiiirc<.ti'd  a  deep 
liiiniiliiN  iiiiili.d  »ilh  a  -troiig  faiili  iind  hope. 

CL.MiK,  Mmi>I'p.n  (i..  giiii  ral,  died  in  Indi- 
mm  Jiilv  I'l'i,  I'll').  I'gid  71,  and  umi  one  of 
twenty -nine  limtherH  and  two  *isltTs  hy  the  same 
father  and  mother.  He  was  Itorii  in  Liim  nliurgh 
euiiiity  in  Va.  Hi'  In  lil  various  ei\il  anil  inilitary 
olliees.  He  was  aid  to  HarriMin  in  the  liattle  of 
ri|  peeiiniie,  also  Indian  agi  nt. 

Cl.,\ltl\,  J  AMI  s,  >;o\eniiir  of  Iowa,  died  near 
llinlingtoii  July 'JH,  lN,-)((.  aged  ;JH.  He  piilc 
lislied  in  |N;i7  llie  'lerrilorial  now  State  (iazettc. 
He  was  territorial  governor  in  lN|."i  mid  1H|0. 

CLAUK.  r.MK  II  \V.,  iliid  at  l'liiladel|>hiu  in 
.\iig..  l.S.'ili.  leaving  I,"),(;iMI  dollars  to  several 
chmities.  He  was  fmiiierly  of  Nnrthainpton, 
and  ^illce  tMI  had  acipiired  in  money  and  ex- 
clnuige  lirokeriige  a  niillion  of  dollars. 

CL.MtKI'.,  JiiIlN,  one  of  the  lirst  foiin<lers  of 
Uhode  Mand.  died  at    Newjiort   April  L'O,  1070, 
aged  aliout  .'jO.     He  was  a   pliysiciiin  in    London, 
liel'ore  he  came  to   tliiii  country.     Soon  after  the 
lirst   settlement   of  Massachusetts  he  was  driven 
from  that   colimy  with  a  niimlier  of  others,  and, 
.March  7,  lOUS,  they    formed   themselves    into   a 
liudy  politic  and  purchased  Aipietneck  of  the  In- 
dian sachems,  calling   it    the    Isle  of  Hhodes,  or 
Jlhode   Island,     The    settlement   commenced   at 
Pocasset,  or  Portsmouth,     The    Indian    deed   is 
dated  March  'Jl,  10,'J8.     Mr.    Clarke   was    soon 
employed  us  a  jireacher,  and  in  10  LI  he  formed  a 
church  at  Newport  and  hccaine  its  jiastoi .     This 
was  the  second  liajitist  church  which  was  cstal)- 
lished  hi  America.     In   KilO  he  was  an  assistant 
and  treasurer  of  lUiodo  Island  colony.     In    lOol 
he  went  to  visit  one  of  his  hrethren  at  Lyini,  near 
Uoston,  and  he  jireaclied  on   Sunday,  July  L'Oj 
but,  before  he  had  completed  the  services  of  the 
forenoon,  he  was  seized,  with   his  friends,  by  an 
ofliccr  of  the  government.     In   the  nUernoon  ho 
was  comjielled  to  attend  the  parish  meeting,  at 
the  close  of  which  he  spoke  a  few  words.     July 
.'11,  he  was  tried  before  the  court  of  assistants  and 
fined  twenty  yiounds,  in  ciweof  failure  hi  the  pay- 
ment of  whii  li  sum  li     was  to  be  whipjjcd.     In 
jiassing  the  sentence  ,ludge    Endicot  observed: 
"  You  secreth  insiiiuat     tilings  into  those  who  are 
weak,  which  you  caniu     maintain  before  our  min- 
isters! you    may   try    and   dispute   with   them." 
Mr.  Clarke  accordingly  wrote  from  prison,  jiro- 
jiosing  a  dispute  ujicm  the  ])rinciples  which  be 
jirolessed.     lie  rej)resented  his  princijilus  to  be 
that  Jesus  Christ  had  the  sole  right  of  prescribing 
any  laws  resiiecting  the  worship  of  God,  which  it 
was  necessary  to  obey ;  that  baptism,  or  dijiping 
in  water,  waa  an  ordinance  to  be  adminibicred 


230 


CLAllKi;. 


ChAllKE. 


ill- 'in 


Hiii 


only  to  those  wlio  fj;avi'  some  I'vidciico  of  ro])cnt- 
nncc  towards  (iod  uiid  ruitli  in  Ji'siis  Christ ;  that 
siich  visihh!  lii'lievcrs  only  toiistitiitod  the  church  ; 
that  each  of  tlicni  had  a  rif,'lit  to  speak  in  tlic 
congrofjiitioii,  nccordiiifj  as  the  Lord  liad  fjivcii 
him  talents,  either  to  make  iiuiuiries  for  his  own 
instruction,  or  to  jirojilu'sy  for  the  edilication  of 
others,  and  that  at  all  tiirtes  and  in  all  jilaces  they 
onght  to  reprove  folly  and  ojien  their  lips  to  jus- 
tify wisdom  ;  and  that  no  servant  of  Jesus  Christ 
had  any  authority  to  r(  strain  any  fellow  servant 
in  his  worship,  where  injiu-y  was  not  offered  to 
others.  No  dispute,  however,  occurred,  aiul  Mr. 
Clarke,  after  jiayinj,'  his  fine,  was  soon  released 
from  j)rison  and  directed  to  leave  the  colony. 
His  comi)anion,  ()l)adiah  Holmes,  shared  a  se- 
verer fate  i  for,  on  declinin;^  to  jiay  his  fine  of 
thirty  pounds,  which  his  friends  offered  to  do  for 
him,  he  was  puhliely  whipped  in  JJoston. 

In  ICiJl  Mr.  Clarke  was  sent  to  Kn};land  with 
Mr.  Williams  to  ])roniote  the  interests  of  Jihode 
Island,  and  particularly  to  j)rocure  a  revocation 
of  Mr.  Coddinjfton's  commission  as  governor. 
Soon  after  his  arrival  he  ])ul)lished  a  hook, 
giving  an  account  of  the  ])ersecutions  in  New 
England.  In  Oct.,  1(>J2,  the  commission  of  Mr. 
Coddington  was  amndled.  After  the  return  of 
Mr.  Williams,  Mr.  Clarke  was  left  hehind,  and 
continued  in  England  as  agent  for  the  colony,  till 
he  obtained  the  second  charter,  July  8,  IGGIJ,  to 
jirociirc  which  he  mortgaged  his  estate  in  New- 
port, lie  returned  hi  HiCA,  and  continued  the 
pastor  of  his  church  fill  his  death.  Some  years 
jjassed  before  he  obtained  from  the  assembly  a 
repayment  of  his  exjjenses  during  his  absence, 
though  a  consideralile  reward  was  voted  him. 
The  Quakers  about  this  time  occasioned  much 
trouble  in  New  England,  and  Mr.  Clark  and  his 
church  were  obliged  in  Oct.,  1073,  to  exclude  five 
persons  from  their  communion  for  asserting, 
"that  the  man  Christ  Jesus  was  not  now  in 
heaven,  nor  on  earth,  nor  anywhere  else;  but 
that  his  body  was  entirely  lost."  ^Ir.  Clarke  died, 
resigning  his  soul  to  his  merciful  Iledeemer, 
through  faith  in  whose  name  he  enjoyed  the  hojie 
of  a  resurrection  to  eternal  lil'e. 

His  life  was  so  ])ure,  that  he  was  never  accusc^d 
of  any  vice  which  has  left  a  blot  on  his  memory. 
His  sentiments  respecting  religious  toleration  did 
not  hideed  accord  with  the  sentiments  of  the  age 
in  which  he  lived,  and  exposed  him  to  some 
trouble  ;  but  at  the  present  time  they  are  almost 
universally  embraced.  His  exertions  to  promote 
the  civil  prosperity  of  Ilhode  Island  must  endear 
his 'name  to  those  who  arc  now  enjoying  the 
fruits  of  his  labors.  He  possessed  the  singular 
honor  of  contributing  much  towards  establishing 
the  first  government  upon  the  earth  which  gave 
equal  liberty,  civil  and  religious,  to  all  men  living 
under  it.    In  Maryland,  too,  dui'ing  the  adminis- 


tration of  Charles  Calvert,  aijjjointed  governor  in 
Kitil!,  an  act  was  passed  allowing  all  Ciiristians  to 
settle  in  the  ]iro\ince. 

He  left  behind  him  u  writing,  which  expressed 
his  religious  ()])inions.  He  lielieved,  that  all 
tilings,  with  their  causes,  effects,  circumstances, 
and  manner  of  being,  are  decreed  by  (iod;  that 
this  decree  is  the  deterniinalion  from  eternity  of 
what  shall  come  to  pass  in  time;  that  it  is  most 
wise,  just,  neci'ssary,  and  unchaugable,  the  cause 
of  all  good,  but  not  of  any  sin ;  that  election  is 
the  decree  of  God,  chooshig,  of  his  free  lovC; 
grace,  and  mercy,  some  men  to  faith,  holiness, 
and  eternal  lil'e;  tjiat  sin  is  the  effect  of  man's 
free  will,  and  condemnation  an  effect  of  justice, 
inflicted  u])on  man  lor  sin  and  disobedience.  It 
was  not  in  these  oj-'inions,  but  in  his  senliments 
respecting  baptism,  that  he  dillered  from  the  min- 
isters of  ^lassachii.setts. 

In  his  last  will  he  left  his  farm  in  Newport  to 
charitable  purposes;  the  income  of  it  to  be  given 
to  the  ])oor  and  to  be  cm])loyed  for  the  suj)j)ort 
of  learning  and  religion.  It  has  jiroduecd  about 
200  dollars  a  year,  and  has  thus  been  ])romoting 
the  ])ublie  hitcrests  ever  since  his  death. 

The  title  of  the  book,  which  he  ])ublished  in 
London  in  1(502,  is:  111  news  fnjiii  New  England, 
or  a  narrative  of  New  l^ngland's  ])ersecution ; 
wherein  it  is  declared,  that  while  Old  England  is 
becoming  New,  New  England  is  becoming  Old; 
i  also  four  projmsals  to  ])arliament  and  four  con- 
clusions, touching  the  faith  and  order  of  the  gos- 
pel of  Christ,  out  of  his  last  will  and  testament, 
■Ito.,  ])p.  7(5.  This  work  was  answered  by  Tli(mias 
Cobbett  of  Lyini.  —  liacLiis'  Clntrch  Hist,  af  N. 
E.  in.  227,  228;  Ilackna'  Ahiidy.  Kl,  8(5,  "lOO- 
110. 

CLAKKE,  KiciiAUi),  an  elegant  classical 
scholar,  came  to  this  country  from  England 
before  the  middle  of  the  last  century.  He  was 
for  some  time  rector  of  St.  I'hilip's  church  in 
Charleston.  He  returned  to  I'.ngland  in  the  year 
17ij!),  and  in  1708  was  curate  of  Cheslnmt  in 
Hertfordshire.  He  j)ublished  several  ])ieces  on 
the  j)ro])hecies,  and  on  universal  rede!n])tion. 
The  following  are  the  titles  of  them :  An  essay 
on  the  nimiiier  seven,  wherein  the  duration  of 
the  church  of  I'umie  and  of  the  Mahometan  im- 
posture, the  time  of  the  conversion  of  the  Jews, 
and  the  year  of  the  world  for  the  niilleinnmn  and 
for  the  first  resurrection  are  attempted  to  be  set- 
tled, 17(il);  a  wannng  to  the  world,  or  the  ]iro- 
phetical  numbers  of  Daniel  and  John  calculated ; 
a  second  warning  to  the  world,  1702;  glad  tidings 
to  the  Jews  and  Gentiles,  1703;  the  gosjiel  of  the 
daily  service  of  the  law  ])reached  to  the  Jew  and 
Gentile,  1708.  He  seems  to  iiave  been  tinctured 
with  the  mystical  doctrines  of  William  Law  and 
Jacob  IJehmen.  —  MH/ii'k  Jlitrospeit,  II.  tSGuj 
Itamsiu/n  Hist.  S.  C.  Ii.  -1  J2-lu4. 


CLAIIKK. 


CLARKE. 


231 


ri,AllKI'.  C;i:()U(;k  ]{()(ii;its,  pnipriil,  n  llcvo- 1 
lutioiiarv  oIliciT,  died   Fob.    l.'J,    INOS,  iijjcil   (id. 
llu  resided   on   tlie   western   l)()rder  oC  Vir^jiniii, 
and  luid  all  the  liardiiiodd  and  enerjjy  necessary  : 
for  a  soldier.     AlU'r  the  massacre  at  W'yoiuin},'  in  ' 
1T7H  he  took   the  command  of  a  body  of  troo])s,  i 
(lesif;ned  to  o])erate  aj^ainst  the  Indians,  for  the  i 
protection    of  the  frontiers.     Ho  descended   the  I 
Monon^'ahela    with     helween     two    and     tlire{ 
hundred  men   for   liie  piirijosc  of  capturinj^  the 
llritish  post  at  Kaskaskias,  on  the   Mississipjii, 
whither  the  Indians  were  accustomed  to   resort 
for  the  reward  of  their  har'.iarities.      So  secret 
was  the  ai)]iroach  of  Clarke,  that   the  I'ort  and 
town  were  taken  without  the  escape  of  a  man  to 
spread  tlie  alarm.     In  this  exjiedilion  his  scanty 
))rovisions  were  consumed,  and  his  men  for  one  or 
two  days  suhsisted  on  roots  found  in  the  woods. 
He  now  mounted  a  detachment  <m  horses,  and 
reduced  three  other  towns  hif,'her  up  tiie  river, 
and    sent    the    i)riucii)al    ajj;enl   of   the    enemy 
a    prisoner    to    Virji;inia.      At   this    j)eriod   the 
county  of  Illinois  was  orfjanized ;  and  new  troo])s 
ordered   to  he  raised   for  the  j)rolectioii  of  the 
west.     In   the  mean   time  Col.   Clarke   was  in- 
formed that  Hamilton,  the  {governor  of  Detroit, 
was  about  to   attack   him  hi  the  .sjiring  of  177!) 
and  to   lay  waste  the  settlements  of  Kentucky. 
He   resolved  therefore  to  anticipate  this   move- 
ment, and  to   surjirise  the  IJritish  commander. 
Having    garrisoned    Kaskaskias,   he    proceeded 
across   the  country  with  one  hundred  and  fifty 
brave  com])aiiu/.i;i.      When  within   a  few   miles 
oi'  the  enemy,  he  was  live  days  wading,  frecpicntly 
breast-high  in  water,  through  the  drowned  lands 
of  the  ^\' abash,     l-'eb.  23d  he  came  in  sight  of 
Vincennes.     The   attack  was  commenced   ur  the 
evening,  and  the  next  day  Clarke  was  in  ])()sscssion 
of  the  fort,  with  Hamilton  and  the  garrison  pris- 
oners.    He   also  intercei)ted  a  convoy  of  goods 
and  provisions,  coming  from  Detroit,  valued  at 
1(),()()()  pounds,  and  took   forty  prisoners  at  the 
same  time.     IlaniiUou  and  his  officers  wore  sent 
to  Williamsburg.     In  this  year  he  built  fort  Jef- 
ferson on   the  western   bank  of  the  Mississij)pi, 
below  the  Ohio.     An  ex])edition  against   Detroit 
was  ])rojected,  but  not  executed.     When  Arnold 
invaded  Virginia  in    1780,  Col.  Clarke,  then  at 
Uichmond,  joined  Baron  Stoid)en  in  an  exjicdi- 
tion  against   the   traitor.     Iteing  detached  with 
two  hundred  niul  forty  men,  lie  drew  a  jiurty  of 
the  enemy  into  an  ambuscade,  killing  and  wound- 
ing thirty  men.     In   1781  lie  was  jiromoted  to 
the    r:uik    of   brigadier-general.       Being    com- 
mander of  the  post  at  Kaskaskias,  he  was  re- 
strained to  defensive  measiu'os,  and  was  obliged 
to  abandon  the  long  meditated  project  of  cajjtur- 
ing  Detroit.     In  Aug.,  1782,  he  was  in  command 
at  the  falls  of  Ohio.    After  the  war  he  scttl-  d 
ill  Kentucky  with  a  small  band  of  associates,  and 


was  regarded  by  his  fellow -citizens  as  the  j)rotec- 
tor  and  father  of  the  western  country.  John 
Kaiidolph  chilled  him  the  .\inerican  Hannibal, 
who,  by  the  reduction  of  Vincennes,  obtained  the 
lai;es  for  the  northern  boundary  at  the  ])eace  of 
I'aris.  He  died  at  Locust  (irove,  near  Louisville. 
It  is  related  in  the  Notes  of  an  old  otiicer,  that 
at  the  treaty  of  fort  Washington,  where  the 
troops  were  only  seventy  men,  all  the  Indians  in 
council  apjieared  peaceable,  excepting  three 
hundred  81iawaliaiiees,  whose  chief  made  a 
l)oisterous  s])eecli,  and  then  placed  m\  the  tnblo 
his  belt  of  black  and  white  wampum,  to  intimate 
that  he  was  pre|)ared  lor  either  peace  or  war, 
w.iile  his  three  hundred  savages  a])i)lauded  him 
by  a  whoo|).  At  the  table  sat  Cominissary-gen- 
eral  Clarke  and  (ieii.  Kieliartl  Itutlor.  Clarke 
with  his  cane  coolly  pushed  tlie  wampum  fnmi 
the  table;  then  rising,  as  the  savages  muttered 
their  indignation,  he  tiaiii])led  on  the  belt,  and 
with  ii  voice  of  authority  iiid  them  instantly  quit 
the  hall.  The  next  day  they  sued  for  peace. — 
Marshall,  III.  i5(i.j ;  Jcnnisou,  h'lic.  Aiiier. 

CLAUKK,  Joil.N,  I).  1).,  minister  in  Boston, 
died  Ajn'il  2,  1708,  aged  42.  Ho  was  born  at 
Portsmouth,  New  llam])shire,  April  13,  1750. 
While  a  member  of  Harvard  college,  at  which  he 
was  graduated  in  1771,  he  was  distinguished  by 
liis  improvements  in  literature  and  science,  by  a 
strict  obedience  to  the  laws,  and  by  irrejiroaclia- 
ble  morals.  He  afterwards  engaged  in  the 
instruction  of  youth ;  but  in  his  leisure  hours  he 
])ursued  with  assiduity  his  theological  studies.  In 
the  office  of  jircceptor  he  was  gentle  and  persua- 
sive, beloved  by  his  pui)ils,  and  esteemed  by  their 
friends.  He  was  ordained  pasKu'  of  the  first 
church  in  Boston,  as  colleague  with  Dr.  Chauncy, 
.July  8,  1778.  With  him  he  lived  in  the  most 
intimate  and  rosjiectful  friendship  about  nine 
jears,  and  afterwards  labored  alone  in  the  service 
of  the  church,  until  A])ril  1,  1798,  when,  as  he 
was  addressing  his  hearers,  he  was  seized  by 
a])oplexyaiid  fell  down  in  his  jiuljiit.  Heex])ired 
the  next  morning.  He  was  of  a  mild  and  clieei- 
fid  temper,  easy  and  polite  in  his  manners,  and 
ciicieai'i '"  to  all  his  ac(juaiiitance.  Though  fond 
of  literary  and  i)liilosoi)hical  researches,  he  yet 
considered  theology  as  the  i)ro]]er  science  of  a 
niii'.ister  of  the  gospel.  To  this  object  he  prhici- 
pally  devoted  his  time  and  studies,  and  was  ear- 
nestly desirous  of  investigating  every  branch  of 
it,  not  merely  to  gratify  curiosity,  but  that  he 
might  be  able  to  imjiart  histruction.  He  was 
habitually  a  close  student.  His  public;  discourses 
bore  the  marks  of  penetration,  judgment,  perspi- 
cuity, and  elegance.  In  the  private  offices  of  jias- 
toral  friendship  he  was  truly  exeniiilary  and 
engaging.  In  the  various  relations  of  life  his 
deportment  was  marked  with  carefiilnesR,  fidelity, 
and  affection.    His  successor  was  W.  Kmerson. 


232 


CLARKE. 


m 


I' Si 

I '  ft 


'•!    ':it 


lie  published  the  followinf?  sermons:  on  the 
death  of  8.  Cooper,  1784  ;  of  C.  Chnuncv,  1787; 
of  N.  W.  Appleton.  179G;  before  the  humane 
society,  1793;  qIko,  an  answer  to  the  question, 
why  are  you  a  Christian  ?  8vo.  1  "0  j,  and  several 
other  editions;  letters  to  a  student  at  college, 
12mo.  1796.  After  his  death  a  vol.  of  sermons 
was  puljlished,  1799;  and  discourses  to  young 
persons,  ISO-k.  —  Thachcr's Fun.  Ser.;  Ilini.  Coll. 

VI.  I-IX. 

CLAltKE,  Jauez,  judge,  died  at  Windham, 
Conn.,  Nov.  11,  183(5,  aged  83;  chief  justice  of 
the  county  court.  In  the  Kevolutionary  war  he 
was  quartermaster-general.  He  was  an  excel- 
lent citizen  and  an  exemj)lary  Christian. 

CLAItKE,  Jasies  D.,  died  in  Newcastle,  Penn., 
Dec.  2,  18i54,  aged  40,  worthy  of  honorable  re- 
membrance for  his  labors  for  years  as  a  tract  dis- 
tributor, lie  was  qualified  for  his  work,  being 
fluent,  entertaining,  ail'cctionatc,  earnest,  fervent 
in  his  addresses,  —  going  into  ignorant  families 
and  melting  the  occupants  into  tears. 

CLARKE,  ,Tamks,  died  at  Burlington,  Iowa, 
July  28,  18o0,  editor  of  the  Iowa  Gazette.  Ik- 
had  been  governor  of  the  State. 

CLARKE,  Matthew  St.  Clair,  died  at  Wash- 
ington May  6,  1852,  aged  59  j  many  years  clerk 
of  the  house  of  representatives,  and  auditor  of  the 
treasury ;  highly  respected. 

CLARKE,  Dr.  Tiiaddeus,  died  at  New  Brigh- 
ton, Pa.,  Feb.  15,  1854,  aged  83.  He  was  a  de- 
scendant of  President  Edwards,  and  imbibed  his 
faith,  and  was  a  man  of  jiiety  and  benevolence. 
He  lived  in  Lebanon  till  1821 ;  then  removed  to 
Pompey,  N.  Y.;  and  thence  in  1843  to  New 
Brighton  for  the  sake  of  a  more  favorable  climate : 
in  all  these  places  he  was  an  eminent  jjhysician. 
In  his  last  hours  the  songs  of  Zion  as  sinig  by  his 
daughter-in-law  refreshed  him  :  "  Jerusalem,  my 
ha])py  home,"  etc.  For  more  than  fifty  years  he 
was  a  Christian  jirofessor.  lie  had  eleven  chil- 
dren. His  daughter,  Sarah  Jane,  born  in  1823, 
in  Pomi)cy,  N.  Y.,  known  as  a  writer  with  the 
signature  of  "  Grace  Greenwood,"  married  Mr. 
Lipjnncott,  of  Philadclijhia. 

CLARKSOX,  Geraudi's,  :M.  D.,  an  eminent 
physician  of  I'hiliideljjliia,  was  the  son  of  Matthew 
C,  a  merchant  of  New  York,  who  died  in  1770, 
and  a  descendant  of  David  C,,  an  English  non- 
conforming n)ii)ister  of  distin  'tion,  who  died  in 
1080.  Dr.  Clarkson  was  a  i)r,ictitioner  as  early 
as  1774,  and  he  died  Sept.  19,  1790,  aged  53. 
Rev.  Dr.  l''iiiloy  married  his  sister  in  1701. 
John  Swanwiik  wrote  a  j)oem  on  his  death. 

CLARKSON,  Maitiiew,  general,  a  soldier  of 
the  Revolution,  was  distinguished  in  the  war  of 
Indejiendence  for  his  courage,  talents,  and  integ- 
rity. He  acted  as  aid*di.-tani])  to  Gen.  Gates  in 
the  battle  of  Stillwater,  in  which,  as  he  was  car- 


CLAY. 

rj"ing  an  order  to  the  officer  of  the  left;  wing,  by 
passing  in  front  of  the  American  line  when  en- 
gaged, he  received  a  severe  wound  in  liis  neck. 
In  his  last  years  he  was  vice-president  of  the 
American  bible  society,  and  much  of  his  time 
was  devoted  to  the  meetings  of  the  managers. 
He  died  at  New  York,  after  an  illness  of  five  days, 
April  22,  1825,  aged  60  years.  Amiable,  frank, 
aifectionate,  pure,  and  beneficent,  liis  character 
was  crowned  by  an  exalted  piety. 

CLAVIGERO,  AiiBE,  was  the  author  of  a  his- 
tory of  Mexico,  wliich  was  published  in  2  vols, 
4to.  London,  1787. 

CLAY,  Joseph,  a  judge  and  a  minister,  was 
bom  at  Savannah  in  1764,  and  graduated  at 
Princeton  in  1784.  His  father,  Joseph  Clay,  a 
Revolutionary  patriot  and  soldier,  judge  of  the 
county  court,  and  an  exemi)lary  Christian,  died 
at  Savannah,  Dec,  1804,  aged  63.  He  was  ap- 
pointed the  judge  of  the  district  court  of  Georgia 
in  1790,  and  resigned  the  office  in  1801.  Becom- 
ing in  1803  a  memljcr  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Savannah,  he  was  ordained  the  next  year  as  col- 
league with  Mr.  Ilolcombe,  the  pastor.  Having 
visited  New  England,  he  was  invited  to  settle  as 
colleague  with  Dr.  Stillman,  a  Baptist  minister  in 
Boston,  and  was  installed  Aug.  19,  1807.  In 
Nov.,  1808,  he  visited  Savannah,  and,  finding  his 
health  declining,  he  asked  a  dismission  from  his 
people.  But,  anxious  to  be  in  the  bosom  of  his 
famiij',  he  returned  in  1810  to  Boston,  where  he 
died  Jan.  11,  1811.  His  daughter  married  Wil- 
liam R.  Gray  of  Boston.  Mr.  Clay  was  highly  re- 
spected for  liis  learning,  talents,  piety,  and  benevo- 
lence. In  college  he  was  the  most  distinguished  of 
his  class.  With  an  ample  fortune  he  yet  determined 
to  li\-  a  life  of  toil  in  the  best  of  causes.  The 
circumstance  of  his  relinquishing  the  office  of  a 
judge  for  that  of  a  minister  probably  drew  after 
him  some  hearers  of  the  legal  profession.  After 
hearing  him  at  Providence,  Mr.  Burrill,  a  lawyer, 
exclaimed  to  a  friend,  "  See  what  a  lawyer  can  do." 
The  reply  was,  "  See  what  the  grace  of  God  can 
do  with  a  lawyer."  He  published  his  installation 
sermon,  1807.  — Benedict,  i.  403. 

CLAY,  Elizabeth,  mother  of  Henry,  was  the 
daughter  of  George  Hudson  of  Hanover,  Va., 
born  in  1750.  In  her  fifteenth  year  she  married 
John  Clay,  a  Baptist  ])reaeher,  and  became  the 
mother  of  eight  children.  Her  second  husband 
was  Henry  \\'^atkins,  by  whom  also  she  had  eight 
children.  She  was  a  faithful  mother,  with  her 
hands  full.  In  1792,  Mr.  W.  removed  to  Wood- 
ford county,  Ky.  She  died  in  1827,  a  Baptist 
professor.  In  1848  only  two  children  by  each 
husband  survived.  Her  son,  Rev.  Porter  Clay  of 
Camden,  Ark.,  died  1850,  aged  70. 

CLAY,  Henry,  died  at  SVashiiigton,  Jime  29, 
1852,  aged  75.  He  was  born  Ajiril  12,  1777,  in 
Hancock  county,  Va.,  the  seventh  son  of  Rev. 


CLAYPOLE. 


CLAYTON. 


233 


John  Clay,  a  na])tl.st  miniRtor.    Admitted  to  tlic 
l)ar  at  twenty,  ho  removed  to  Lexiiifi;toii  and  soon 
had  extensive  praclice.    In   1808  he  wan  guilty 
of  the  I'oUy  and  wickedness  of  cngajjing  in  a  duel 
with  Ilumphiey  Marshall.     lie  was  in  the  senate 
of  the  United  States  in  1800,  and  again  in  1809. 
In   1811  he  was  in  the   house  and  was   chosen 
speaker.      In   1814  he  was  a  commissioner   at 
Gliei.i.     In  182j  he  was  secretar)- of  State  under 
Mr.  Adams.    Again  ho  was  chargeable  witli  the 
madness  of  fighting  a  duel;  it   was  with  John 
l{andolj)h.    lie  was  re-elected  to  the  senate  in 
18.31,  also  in   1830  j  but  he  resigned  his  seat  in 
1842.     He  was  re-chosen  in  1849.     Although  a 
slaveholder    himself,  he   said  in  debate  in   the 
senate  :  "  I  never  can,  and  never  will  vote,  and  no 
earthly  power  will  ever  make  me  vote,  to  spread 
slavery  over  territory,  where  it  docs  not  exist." 
The  passage  of  the  Missouri   compromise   wa.^ 
much  owing  to  his  efforts ;  but  he  did  not  live  to 
see  its  repeal,  for  the  jjurposc  of  opening  to 
slavery  the  immense  territory  west  of  Missouri, 
and  this  sacrifice  of  freedom  to  the  slave-power 
introduced    and  supported  in   the   senate  by  a 
northern  aspirant  to  the  presidency,  yet  a  slave- 
holder, as  a  means  of  securing  to  himself  the  votes 
of  the  south.    For  the  office  of  jjresident,  he  was 
a  candidate  in  ^832,  and  again  in  1844;  doubt- 
less to  such  ..   '  n-:  '0  was  a  deep-felt  grief  to  be 
defeated.    L^ '         ■   'o  is  not  to  the  swift.    In  ill 
liealth  he  \i   '       '  •■     una  in  18J0-51,  but  with 
no  relief;  he  i.jiurned  to  Washington,  but  only  to 
die.    The  death  of  three  such  aspirants  to  the 
presidency  as  Calhoun,  AVebster,  and  Clay  may 
well  teach  the  men  of  like  claims  what  vanities 
they  i)ursuc.    He  was  an  earnest  supporter  of 
the  colonization  society.     His  wife,  and  three  sons 
of  his  twelve  children,  survived  him.    In  person 
he  was  tall  and  slender,  and  he  stooped  some- 
what.    Ilis  countenance  expressed  great  placidity 
and  suavity ;  his  manners  were  somewhat  elabo- 
rate ;  his  eloquence  was  most  varied,  energetic, 
and  persuasive.     His  life  and  times,  in  2  vols.  8vo., 
second  edition,  was  published  by  Calvin  Colton  in 
1810. 

CLAYPOOLE,  David  C,  an  editor,  died  at 
l'Iiil;ulcl])hia  in  1849,  aged  92,  one  of  the  proj)rie- 
tors  of  the  Pennsylvania  Pacliot  and  Daily  Adver- 
vortiscr,  the  iirst  daily  newspaper,  set  up  in  177i5. 
'i  ho  fi'-m  was  Dunlap  and  C.  The  paper  after- 
wards passed  into  the  hands  of  I'oulson.  The 
records  of  the  debates  of  congress  from  1783  to 
17i)9  aro  found  in  his  paper. 

t'L.VYTON,  John,  an  eminent  botanist  and 
jjliysiciun  of  Virginia,  died  Dec.  15,  1773,  aged 
M7.  lie  was  born  at  Fulham,  in  Great  Bri- 
t  liii,  and  came  to  Virginia  with  his  father  in  1705, 
agod  about  twenty  years.  His  father  was  an  emi- 
nent lawyer,  and  was  appointed  attorney-general 
of  Virginia.     Young  Clayton  was  put  into  the 

ao 


office  of  Peter  Beverly,  who  was  clerk  or  protho- 
notary  for  Gloucester  county,  and,  succeeding  him 
in  this  office,  filled  it  fifty-one  years.  During  the 
year  preceding  his  decease,  such  was  the  vigor  of 
liis  constitution,  even  at  his  advanced  period,  and 
such  his  zeal  in  botanical  researches,  that  he 
made  a  botanical  tour  through  Orange  county  { 
and  it  is  believed  that  he  had  visited  most  of  the 
settled  parts  of  Virginia.  His  residence  was  about 
twenty  miles  from  the  city  of  Williamsburg.  His 
character  stands  high  as  a  man  of  integrity,  and 
as  a  citizen.  He  was  a  strict,  though  not  osten- 
tatious, observer  of  the  worship  of  the  church  of 
England,  and  he  seemed  constantly  piously  dis- 
posed. He  was  heard  to  say,  while  examining  a 
flower,  that  he  could  not  look  into  one,  without 
seeing  the  display  of  infinite  power  and  contriv- 
ance, and  that  he  thought  it  impossible  for  a 
botanist  to  be  an  atheist.  He  was  a  member  of 
some  of  the  most  learned  literary  societies  of  Eu- 
rope, and  corresponded  with  Gronovius,  Linnrous, 
and  other  able  botanists.  As  a  practical  bota- 
nist he  was  perhaps  inferior  to  no  botanist  of  his 
time. 

He  loft  behind  him  two  volumes  of  manuscripts, 
nearly  jjrepared  for  the  press,  and  a  hortus  siccus 
of  folio  size,  with  marginal  notes  and  directions 
for  the  engraver  in  prejjaring  the  jilates  for  liis 
proposed  work.  This  work,  which  was  in  the 
possession  of  his  son,  when  the  Revolutionary 
war  commenced,  was  sent  to  William  Clayton, 
clerk  of  New  Kent,  as  to  a  place  of  security  from 
the  invading  enemy.  It  was  lodged  in  the  office 
with  the  records  of  the  county.  An  incendiary 
put  a  torch  '.n  the  building;  and  thus  perished 
not  only  the  records  of  the  county  but  the  labors 
of  Clayton. 

Several  of  his  communications,  treating  of  the 
culture  and  different  species  of  tobacco,  were 
publislicd  in  numbers  201,  204,  205,  and  20G,  of 
the  philosophical  transactions;  and  in  number 
454  is  an  ample  account  of  medicinal  plants, 
which  he  had  discovered  growing  in  Virginia. 
He  is  chioHy  known  to  the  learned,  especially  in 
Europe,  by  his  Flora  Virginica,  a  work  pub- 
hshed  by  Gronovius  at  Leyden,  in  Svo.,  1739  — 
1743,  and  again  in  4to.,  in  1762.  This  is  fre- 
quently referred  to  by  Linnwus,  and  by  all  the 
succeeding  botanists,  who  have  had  occasion  to 
treat  of  tlin  plants  of  North  America.  It  is  to  be 
regretted,  however,  that  they  so  frequently  refer 
to  the  flora  as  the  work  of  Gronovious,  though 
its'greatest  value  is  derived  from  the  masterly 
descrijrtions,  communicated  to  the  Leyden  pro- 
fessor by  Mr.  Clayton.  —  Jlurtun's  Med.  and 
Phys.  Joimiiil,  II.  139-145 ;  Itces'  Ci/cl,  Ameri- 
can edit.;  Miller,  I.  142 ;  li.  308. 

CLAYTON,  Joshua,  a  jihysician,  was  the  presi- 
dent of  Delaware  from  1729  to  1793,  and  gov- 
ernor under  the  present  constitution  from  1793  to 


234 


CLAYTON. 


11=^ 


1 1 


1796,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  O.  Hcdford.  In 
1798  he  was  elected  to  the  senate  of  the  United 
States,  lie  died  in  1799.  IJuring  the  war,  when 
the  Peruvian  bark  was  scarce,  he  bubntitutcd  for 
it  successfully  in  his  practice  tlie  pojjlar,  lirioden- 
dron  tulipifera,  combined  with  nearly  an  equal 
quantity  of  the  bark  of  the  root  of  the  dogwood, 
comus  florida,  and  half  the  quantity  of  the  inside 
bark  of  the  white  oak  tree.  —  Thaclicr's  Med. 
Diog. 

CLAYTON, TnoMAS,  judge  'i-d  at  Newcastle, 
Aug.  21,  1854,  aged  70.  II  ap  a  senator  of 
the  United  States  from  1823  to  1826,  and  from 
1837  to  1847  ;  and  chief  justiee  of  the  Delaware 
superior  court. 

CLEAVEL  AND,  Moses,  the  founder  of  n  large 
family,  came  from  Ispwich,  England,  a  carpenter's 
apprentice ;  became  a  frs  jholder  in  Wobum, 
Mass.,  in  1643;  married  Ann  Winn,  1648,  and 
died  in  1702.  They  had  seven  sons  and  three 
daughters.  These  all  married  and  all  had  chil- 
dren. From  them  are  doubtless  descended  all 
in  this  country,  who  bear  the  name  of  Cleaveland 
and  Cleveland,  as  the  name  is  variously  wTitten. 

CLEAVELAND,  Aaimn,  a  minister,  died  in 
Philadelphia  in  1757,  aged  42.  Bom  at  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.,  he  was  a  grandson  of  Aaron,  the 
third  child  of  Closes  of  Woburn.  He  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1735.  He  was  a  prodigy  of  physi- 
cal strength  and  agility.  In  1739  he  was  ordained 
over  the  Congregational  church  in  Haddam, 
Conn.,  where  he  stayed  seven  years.  From  1747 
to  1760  he  was  pastor  in  Maiden,  Mass.  His 
next  move  was  to  Halifax,  N.  S.,  where  he  be- 
came an  Episcopalian.  In  1755  he  went  to  Eng- 
land, and  returned  as  an  Episcopal  mist;ionary  to 
certain  parts  of  Delaware.  Two  years  aftenvaid, 
•while  on  a  journey  to  visit  his  family  in  New 
England,  he  was  taken  sick  in  Philadelphia,  and 
died  in  the  house  of  his  friend.  Dr.  Franklin.  In 
early  life,  he  was  an  admirer  of  Whitelield,  and  a 
zealous  as  well  as  able  preacher.  There  is  no 
reason  to  think  that  his  denominational  change 
impaired  his  ardor  or  efficiency.  It  is  much,  that 
the  great  Franklin  honored  and  jjroised  him.  It 
is  more  and  better,  that  the  people  of  his 
charge  loved  liim  and  mourned  for  him.  He 
married  Susanna,  daughter  of  Itev.  Aaron  Foster 
of  Medford,  and  left  a  large  family.  Of  these,  his 
daughter,  Susanna  Cleaveland,  married  Stephen 
Higginson,  a  distinguished  Boston  merchant. 
Ilev.  Thomas  W.  Higginson  of  Worcester,  and 
llev.  Dr.  Stephen  H.  Tyng  of  New  York,  are  her 
grandsons. 

CLEAVELAND,  JoiL\,  minister  of  Ispwich, 
Mass.,  died  April  22,  1799,  aged  77.  He  was 
born  in  Canterbury,  Conn.,  April  22,  1722.  He 
was  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1745,  and  while 
a  member  of  that  institution  he  cchibitcd  that 
independence  and  courage  in  the  cause  of  truth, 


CLEAVELAND. 

for  which  he  was  ever  distinguished.  lATiile  at 
home  during  a  vacation  in  1744,  he  attended  a  sep- 
arate meeting,  for  which,  on  his  return  to  college, 
he  was  required  to  make  a  confession.  lie  justi- 
fied himself  on  the  ground,  that  he  was  a  member 
of  the  church,  and  attended  the  meeting  with  his 
father  and  a  majority  of  the  church.  The  same 
defence  was  made  bj  Ebenezer  Cleaveland,  also 
of  Canterbury,  who  was  involved  in  the  same  dif- 
ficulty. They  were  both  expelled  from  college. 
This  act  of  persecution,  especially  as  Episcopalians 
were  tolerated  in  their  own  worshij),  awakened 
the  jmblic  indignation.  Distinguished  men, 
among  whom  was  Dr.  E.  Wheelock,  advised  hvm 
to  petition  the  Connecticut  assembly  for  redress, 
and  assured  him  of  their  aid.  About  twenty 
years  afterwards  Rector  Clap  sent  him  his  degree, 
and  the  catalogue  dates  it  in  1745,  with  his  class, 
—  with  whom  he  spent  three  years  in  successful 
study.  He  was  a  descendant  of  Moses;  his 
grandfather,  Josiah,  was  a  pioneer  nettlcr  of  Can- 
terbury ,  his  parents  were  Josiah  and  Abigail. 
Having  obtained  a  license  to  preach,  he  minis- 
tered to  a  Separatist  society  in  Boston,  in  that 
Huguenot  church  in  School  street,  where  Daille 
and  Le  Mercier  had  before  preached  to  the  ex- 
patriated Bowdoins  and  Amorys.  Declining  an 
invitation  to  settle  there,  he  accepted  a  call  from 
the  parish  of  Chebacco  in  Ipswich,  now  the 
town  of  Essex.  Here  his  earnest  ministry  of 
fifty-two  years  ended  only  with  his  life,  after  a 
short  and  painful  illness.  In  1758  he  went  as 
the  chaplain  of  Col.  Bagley's  regiment,  in  Aber- 
crombie's  ill-starred  expedit-'on.  His  journal, 
kept  daily  on  the  spot,  and  letters  to  his  "  dear 
and  lo\ing  wife,"  present  a  lively  image  of  the 
scenes  through  which  he  passed.  His  brother 
chaplains  of  the  jjrovineial  forces  were  all  respect- 
able clergymen,  good  and  faithful  ministers,  as 
well  as  true  patriots.  During  their  long  encamp- 
ment at  fort  George,  it  a-,  as  their  custom  to  meet 
twice  a  week,  under  some  tent  or  booth,  to 
strengthen  each  other  by  mutual  converse,  prayer, 
and  exhortation.  To  these  scenes  of  Christian 
labor,  as  depicted  by  Mr.  C.,Mr.  Bancroft  alludes 
in  the  narration  of  the  time.  In  the  following 
year,  he  went  in  the  same  capacity  and  the  same 
regiment  to  Louisburg,  already  in  British  hands. 
The  year  1703  was  made  joyful  to  him  by  a  great 
revival  of  piety  among  his  people.  In  the  contro- 
versies, which  about  this  time  sprung  up  with  his 
mother  country,  he  took  a  warm  interest.  Es- 
pousing heartily  the  American  side,  he  devoted  to 
it  a  ready  tongue  and  a  ready  pen.  """^ith  the 
first  sound  of  war  he  was  again  in  the  field.  He 
served  as  chaplain  at  Cambridge  —  while  in  the 
same  camp  were  two  of  his  brothers,  and  all  four 
of  his  sons.  In  1770  he  was  with  the  army,  for  a 
time,  in  Connecticut  and  New  York.  These  occa- 
sional absences  from  liis  flock  seem  but  to  have 


CLEAVEL.\NI». 


CLEAVELAND. 


236 


enJoarpd  him  to  thom  tlic  more.  An  enlarged  | 
aciiuaiiitaiK'u  with  mv:\  and  lliin-js  imdoul)tcdly  ] 
widened  and  HljfrahzL'd  iiis  views,  witliout  abating 
tho  fervor  of  liis  piety.  It  ajjpear.s  that  after  a 
few  uidiap|)y  years  of  reh'f^ious  dissension,  the  two 
con;jfro;,'ations  in  Cliehuceo  re-united  under  him 
and  went  on  in  liarniony.  lie  was  a  man  of 
Ktron;^  constitution  and  ardent  temperament.  An 
earnest  spirit,  an  unjiolislied  enerfjy,  and  a  sin- 
cerity, wiiicli  none  could  <  ucstion,  characterized 
hini  in  the  puljiit.  His  familiarity  with  the  Scrip- 
tui'es  was  jirovcrlnal.  His  general  learning  was 
respeetal)le.  His  writings,  though  often  forcible 
and  fervid,  could  lay  no  claim  to  elegance.  He 
was  not  afraid  of  controversy,  and  more  than 
once  ventured  into  the  camjjs  of  polemic,  as  well 
as  those  of  natural  war.  In  liis  dispute  with  Dr. 
Mayhew,  several  ])onderous  pamphlets  appeared 
on  both  sides.  Mr.  C.  had  blue  eyes,  and  a  florid 
complexion,  was  nearly  six  feet  high,  erect  and 
muscular  ;  his  voice  was  heavy  and  of  great  com- 
pass, and  his  gestures  were  approjjriate.  In  his 
preaching  he  was  not  confined  to  written  sermons. 
Dr.  I''mmons  said  of  him,  that  ho  was  "  a  pattern 
of  i)iety  and  an  ornament  to  the  Christian  and 
clerical  jirofession."  His  faithful  labors  were 
crowned  with  great  success ;  at  one  period,  in 
about  six  months,  one  liundred  persons  were  ad- 
ded to  liis  church.  He  died  in  peace  and  hope  on 
his  seventy-seventh  birth-day.  His  first  wife  was 
Mary,  daughterof  Parker  Dodge,  and  gi'cat-grand- 
daughter  of  .Tohn  Choate  of  Ipswich.  They  reared 
four  sons  and  three  daughters.  She  died  in  17G8. 
He  next  married  Mary  Neale  Foster,  widow  of 
Cajit.  John  F.  She  survived  him  eleven  years. 
In  both  connections  he  was  eminently  hajjpy.  It 
was  his  custom  to  devote  particular  days  to  pri- 
vate fasting  and  prayer. 

He  i)ui)lished  a  narrative  of  the  work  of  God 
at  Chebacco  in  17G3  and  1764;  an  essay  to  defend 
some  of  tiie  most  important  principles  in  the 
])rotcsta!it  reformed  system  of  Christianity,  more 
es])ecially  Christ's  sacrifice  and  atonement,  against 
the  injurious  as))ersions  cast  on  the  same  by  Dr. 
Mayhew  in  a  thanksgiving  sermon,  17C3 ;  a  reply 
to  Dr.  !Mayhew's  letter  of  reproof,  1765;  a  trea- 
tise on  uifant  baptism,  1784. — Pai-iah's  Fun. 
Sei:;  Mann.  Miss.  Mag.  II.  129-133;  Backus, 
III.  241;  Pan.  XII.  49. 

CLi;  WEL  AND,  EniLXEZEii,  brother  of  the  pre- 
ceding, tlie  minister  of  Gloucester,  now  Ilockjjort, 
Mass.,  died  July  4,  ISOJ,  aged  79.  His  parents 
were  Josiah  and  Abigail.  Expelled  from  i'alc 
college  with  his  brother  John  in  1744  and  for  the 
same  reasons,  he  yet  after  some  years  obtained 
his  degree,  and  is  mentioned  in  the  catalogue  as  a 
graduate  of  1748,  which  was  the  time  of-  the 
graduation  of  his  class.  He  went  to  Roekport, 
then  called  Sandy  Bay,  in  1751,  and  was  settled 
in  1755  in  a  new  church,  remaining  the  minister 


for  twenty  years.  He  was  cha])lain  in  the  French 
war  of  1758,  and  in  the  triumphant  Canada  ox- 
jjedition  in  1759.  In  the  Kevohitionary  war,  ho 
also  served  as  a  chajilain.  After  being  some 
years  in  LandafF,  Kandolph,  and  Amesbury,  he 
returned  to  Uockj)ort.  His  lot  wait  cast  in  hard 
]ilaccs  and  in'liard  times;  and  he  had  a  large 
family  and  domestic  causes  of  uneasiness,  so  that 
his  hie  was  that  of  a  worthy  man  strugghng  with 
adversity.  His  son  Ebenezer  was  a  captain  in 
the  continental  service,  Ilis  daughter  Mary 
married  professor  John  Smith  of  Dai'tmouth  col- 
lege. She  was  the  mother  of  two  daughters, 
still  living  in  1856 ;  Abby  Smith,  widow  of  Dr. 
Cyrus  I'erkins,  of  New  York,  formerly  professor 
in  the  Jledical  School  at  Dartmouth,  and  Mary 
Cleaveland  Smith,  married  to  John  Bryant,  a 
prosperous  merchant  of  Boston,  one  of  the  eight 
or  ten  wealthiest  men  of  that  city. 

CLEAVELiVND,  Parkeb,  a  physician  and 
patriot  of  the  Ilevolution,  the  son  of  John,  died 
hi  Feb.,  1826,  aged  74.  He  was  bom  in  Ips- 
wich in  1751,  and  settled  as  a  physician  at  By- 
field,  a  parish  of  Ilowley,  at  the  age  of  19. 
During  the  first  year  of  the  war  he  was  the  sur- 
geon of  a  regiment.  He  was  frequently  a  repre- 
sentative of  Ilowley  in  the  legislature.  As  a 
physician  he  was  intelligent  and  skilful.  But  the 
glory  of  his  character  was  his  rehgion.  He  read 
much  ill  theology.  After  much  investigation  he 
embraced  and  earnestly  supported  the  orthodox 
doctrines  ;  and  he  exhibited  also  "  the  best  affec- 
tions and  graces  of  the  Christian  character.  He 
was  benevolent,  humble,  and  devout.  Emphati- 
cally might  he  be  called  a  man  of  prayer."  At 
dift'ercnt  periods  of  revivals  of  religion  he  exerted 
a  jjious  and  useful  influence.  In  affliction  and 
adverse  circumstances  he  was  resigned  and  cheer- 
ful ;  and  from  every  earthly  care  he  found  a  relief 
in  the  love  of  liis  lledcemer.  His  sons,  who  have 
long  been  men  of  distinction,  are  Professor  Par- 
ker C,  of  Bowdoiu  college,  and  Rev.  Dr.  John 
P.  C,  of  Lowell.  —  Boston  Recorder,  March  3, 
1826. 

CLEAVELAND,  Benjamin,  colonel,  removed 
before  the  Revolution  from  Culpeiiper  co.,  Va., 
to  WiUies  CO.,  N.  C.  During  the  war  he  was 
commander  of  a  militia  regiment  in  Wilkes,  and 
he  was  one  of  the  five  partisan  colonels  who 
achieved  the  victory  of  King's  Mountain.  His 
sons,  Absalom  and  John,  were  officers  in  the  same 
service.  The  latter  as  capt.  of  dragoons  was  in 
the  battle  of  Camden.  Col.  Cl.'aveland  removed 
afterwards  to  South  Carolina.  His  descendants 
are  numerous  and  respectable. 

CLEAVELAND,  Stephen,  captain,  son  of  Rev. 
Aaron  C,  died  in  Salem  in  1801,  aged  61.  Bom 
in  East  Haddam,  he  was  left  destitute  by  his 
father's  death,  and  went  to  sea  at  the  age  of  four- 
teen.   In  the  French  war  of  1756  he  was  seized 


236 


CLEAVELAND. 


by  a  British  prcRs-Rnn()f  in  Boston  nnd  detained 
in  scmcc  until  the  jieaco  of  ITG.'J.  .Soon  after 
the  Declaration  of  Independence  he  received  a 
commisNion  as  captain  from  congress,  bearing  the 
names  of  Benjamin  Franklin,  Benjamin  Harrison, 
nnd  Robert  Morris,  which  is  still  j)rcserved.  This 
is  believed  to  have  been  the  first  naval  commission 
issued  by  our  government,  after  we  became  an 
independent  i)co])lo.  Capt.  C.  sailed  soon  after 
from  Salem  in  the  small  brig  Despatch,  laden 
with  sperm  oil,  fish,  potash,  &c.,  for  Bordeaux. 
After  a  long  dolay  in  that  port,  during  which  he 
carried  on  a  correspondence  wit'  SI'  is  Deane, 
Arthur  Lee,  and  Dr.  Frankl'n,  '.  'ained  the 

material  of  war,  for  which  he  ha'  ..er.  sent,  and 
brought  the  welcome  treighi  safely  into  Boston. 
Before  he  sailed  he  had  been  promised  the  com- 
mand of  one  of  the  three  frigates,  then  in  the 
process  cf  construction.  But  in  consequence  of 
his  long  delay  in  Prince,  others  got  the  ap])oint- 
ments,  and  his  amliitious  spirit  would  not  suffer 
him  to  accept  an  inferior  post.  His  wife  was 
Margaret,  daughter  of  James  Jeffrey.  Their 
eldest  child,  llichard  Jeffrey,  still  living  in  Salem, 
has  also  been  a  man  of  various  adventure.  His 
well  written  narrative  of  his  own  "  Voyages  and 
commercial  enterprises,"  published  in  two  volumes, 
has  been  read  by  thousands.  It  is  a  work  full  of 
interest,  and  one  which  leaves  on  the  mind  a  most 
agreeabb  impression  of  its  author.  From  1829 
to  1834,  Capt.  11.  J.  Cleveland  was  U.  S.  vice 
consul  at  Havana. 

CLEAVELAND,  A.\Ron,  minister  of  lloyalton, 
Vt.,and  missionary,  died  in  New  Haven  Sept.  21, 
1815,  aged  71.  He  was  the  son  of  Rev.  Aaron 
C,  of  Haddam.  He  was  preparing  for  college, 
when  his  father  died.  This  event  eompollcd  him 
to  learn  a  trade.  He  became  a  hatter,  and  fol- 
lowed the  business  for  many  years  in  Norwich 
and  in  Guilford,  Conn.  During  tliis  period  he  was 
more  than  once  an  active  and  intelligent  member 
of  the  State  legislature.  At  this  time  he  held 
the  doctrine  of  the  Universalists,  and  was  a  leader 
among  them.  Other  views  at  length  took  pos- 
session of  his  mind.  He  became  a  decided  Cal- 
vinist,  and  soon  resolved  to  preach  the  faith 
which  he  had  so  long  derided.  He  was  settled 
for  a  year  or  two  in  Royalton,  Vt.,  and  labored 
as  a  missiona.y.  His  last  days  were  spent  in 
New  Haven,  Conn.  Ho  was  a  man  of  more  than 
ordinary  j)owcrs.  To  plain  good  sense,  he  added 
a  fine  poetic  taste  and  ready  wit.  He  was  twice 
married.  By  his  first  wife,  Ai)iah  Hyde  of  Nor- 
wich, he  had  ten  children.  By  the  second  wife, 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Clement  Breed,  he  had.  five  more 
children.  The  venerable  Rev.  Charles  Cleveland, 
as  he  writes  his  name,  for  many  years  [last  a 
faithful  missionary  omong  the  jjoor  of  Boston, 
traversing  its  streets  at  the  age  of  83  or  84, 
was  his  third  child.    Mrs.  Abiah  Hyde  Cox,  wL'e 


CIEAVELAND. 

of  Rev.  Dr.  Samuel  II.  Cox,  was  the  thirteenth 
on  the  list.  In  the  third  generation  may  be  enu- 
merated the  late  Rev.  Richard  F.  Cleveland,  son 
of  William,  Rev.  A.  Cleveland  Coxe  of  Bahimorc, 
and  Professor  Charles  Dexter  Cleveland,  son  of 
Charles,  of  Philadel|)hia.  A  host  of  Clevelands, 
Prntts,  Smiths,  Dodges,  and  Coxes,  who  trace 
their  descent  from  Aaron  Cleaveland,  have  no  rea- 
son to  be  ashamed  of  their  ancestor.  He  pub- 
Ushed  some  political  jjoetic  satires,  also  a  poem 
in  blank  verse  on  slavery,  1770. 

CLEVELAND,  John,  minister  of  Stoneham, 
Mass.,  died  at  North  Wrentham  in  1818,  aged 
G8.  He  was  the  eldest  son  of  Rev.  John  C,  of 
Ipswich.  He  was  fitted  for  collej^j,  but  was  pre- 
vented from  entering  by  ill  health.  AVhen  the 
war  began  he  enlisted  in  the  Revolutionary  army. 
He  soon  obtained  a  lieutenant's  commission,  and 
remained  in  the  service  dm-ing  the  war.  His 
thoughts  had  long  been  turned  towards  the 
ministry.  In  1785,  he  settled  at  Stoneham,  near 
Boston,  where  he  remained  about  ten  years.  IIo 
was  subsequently  settled  at  North  Wrentham. 
He  was  a  man  of  respectable  talents  and  of  rare 
piety.  At  Wrenthom,  Dr.  Emmons  of  Franklin 
was  his  near  neighbor  and  intimate  friend.  To 
his  fidelity  as  a  pastor,  Dr.  E.,  in  the  funeral  dis- 
course, paid  a  just  and  affectionate  tribute.  He 
was  twice  married.  His  first  wife  was  his  cousin, 
Abigail  Adams  of  Canterbury,  Conn,  The  second 
wife  was  Elizabeth  Evans  of  Stoneham,  who  sur- 
wed  him,  and  became  the  wife  of  Rev.  Dr.  Har- 
ris of  Dunbarton,  N.  H.    He  had  no  children. 

CLEAVELAND,  Moses,  general,  died  in  Can- 
terbury, Conn.,  in  1806,  aged  52.  He  was  the  son 
of  Col.  Aaron  C.,the  brother  of  John  and  Ebene- 
zer,  who  died  after  sixty  fits  of  the  jjalsy  and  apo- 
plexy, April  14,  1785,  aged  57,  descended  from 
cither  Josiah  or  Samuel  C,  who  were  settlers  of 
C,  about  1090.  He  entered  Yale  college,  but 
soon  left  to  take  part  in  the  great  struggle  for 
liberty,  and  served,  for  a  time,  as  cajitain  of  a 
company  of  sappers  and  miners,  lie  subse- 
quently returned  to  New  Haven  and  took  his 
degree  in  1777.  He  became  a  lawyer,  and  soon 
made  himself  known  as  a  man  of  talent  and 
energy.  He  was  repeatedly  in  the  legislature, 
and  held  high  command  in  the  militia.  In  1790 
he  went  to  Ohio,  as  a  commissioner  to  treat  with 
the  Indians  and  make  purchases  in  the  western 
reserve.  The  site  of  Cleveland  now  a  fair  and 
fast  growing  city,  was  his  selection,  and  from  him 
the  place  received  its  name.  He  was  brave, 
ardent,  and  patriotic :  a  man  of  cheerful  temper, 
of  ready  humor,  and  the  most  free-hearted  hos- 
pitality. His  wife  was  Esther  Chaminon  of  Col- 
chestei.  Their  daughter,  JIary  Esther,  was  mar- 
ried to  Prof.  Andrew  Harris  of  the  New  Haven 
medical  school.  Another  daughter,  Frances  A., 
is  the  wife  of  Samuel  Morgan  of  Norwich.    His 


CLEAVELAXD. 

brother,  Judge  AVilliam  Pitt  Cloavcland,  died  in 
New  London  in  181.),  iifjed  about  70,  a  graduate 
of  Yale  in  1793.  There  was  a  graduate  of  the 
same  name  in  ISIO,  who  died  in  isll. 

C1,1:AVI'.I,AN1),  Xkukmiah,  M.  1).,  died  at 
To])sfieId,  Mass.,  Fel).  20,  1H;{7,  aged  7(5,  the 
youngest  son  of  llev.  John  C,  of  Ipswich.  At 
the  age  of  10  ho  attended  his  lather  during  the 
siege  of  Uoston  in  1775;  in  1777  he  enlisted  in 
the  army  for  about  a  year.  Tlion  lie  toiled  on 
his  father's  little  farm.  Having  studied  ]ihysic 
with  his  brother,  and  with  ])r.  Manning  of  Ijjs- 
wich,  he  entered  on  the  practice  at  Tojjsfield  in 
1783.  Together  with  his  cmj)loymcnt  as  a  i)hy- 
sician,  his  services  were  often  retpiired  in  various 
])ublic  ofHces.  A  zealous  federalist  in  jjolitics,  he 
was  for  years  a  useful  member  of  tlic  senate. 
From  1823  to  1828  he  was  chief  justice  of  the 
court  of  sessions.  His  form  was  well-projjor- 
tioned,  and  ho  was  of  large  stature  and  com- 
manding asjjeet.  A  print  of  him  from  a  jjicture 
by  Cole  may  be  seen  in  the  address  at  Toj)sficld 
celebration  in  1850  by  his  son,  Nehemiah  Cleave- 
land.  ITis  constitution  was  vigorous  and  his 
health  unbroken  until  his  fiftieth  year :  from  that 
period  he  suffered  much  from  one  of  the  most 
painful  of  maladies.  In  other  respects  he  had  a 
happy  old  age,  employed  in  his  profession,  impart- 
ing sound  advice  to  his  neighbors,  seeking  the 
welfare  of  the  church  and  the  general  interests 
of  Zion.  Then  he  had  the  consolation  of  '  ks 
and  the  jileasures  of  home.  "  Ilis  settin  jn 
went  gently  down,  while  the  brightness  of  a  setter 
day  seemed  to  glow  in  the  departing  orb,  and 
left  its  consoling  radiance  beliind."  His  first  wife, 
who  died  childless  in  four  years,  in  1791,  was 
Lucy,  the  daughter  of  Dr.  Manning.  His  second 
wife,  the  mother  of  nine  children,  was  Experi- 
ence, the  daughter  of  Dr.  Elisha  Lord  of  Pom- 
fret,  Conn. ;  she  died  in  1845  at  the  house  of  her 
son-in-law,  llev.  O.  A.  Taylor,  aged  81.  Five  of 
her  children  were  living  in  1856,  William,  at  Tops- 
field,  Nehemiah  C,  at  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  a  distin- 
guished teacher  and  scholar,  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin 
college  in  1813,  John  C,  a  lawyer  in  the  city  of 
New  York,  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin  in  1826,  and 
Rev.  Dr.  Elisha  Lord  C,  a  minister  in  New  Ha- 
ven, a  graduate  of  1829.  His  daughter,  Mary, 
married  llev.  O.  A.  Taylor.  The  following  are 
some  of  the  verses  of  the  hymn,  written  by  Ne- 
hemiah Cleaveland  and  sung  at  the  two  hundredth 
anniversary  of  the  incorporation  of  the  town. 

"  Then  came  the  pious  task  to  rear 
Meet  shrines,  Benignant  Power,  for  Thee : 
Schools  free  as  air  were  founded  here, 
And  li.w,  and  sacred  liberty. 

"  O  Thou.  'Those  arm,  alI-powerf\il,  bore 
Those  pilgrims  o'er  the  storm-sircpt  sea. 
And  help'd  them  plant  along  this  shore 
These  homesteads  of  the  brave  and  ficee,  — 


CLEVEXGER.  237 

"  IIi'n>.  where  niir  fathiTs  hvmnM  thy  name, 
l,l.«(  to  thi'ir  (;riti-fiil  rhtl.ln'ti'K  pmiiM*, 
Anil  Ktlll  iH'iium  till'  hi'iiTiiily  llniiio 
Tliiit  wanu'd  tliiir  hearts  iu  uldeu  duyi."  ^ 

CLEAVEL.\XD,  XEm;Mi.\ii,  deacon,  a  Hovo- 
lutionary  jjcnsioncr,  died  at  Skaneatclcs,  New 
York,  Oct.  25,  .1843,  aged  00.  A  native  of  Mans- 
field.  Conn.,  he  lived  for  a  period  in  AVilliamsburg, 
Mass. 

CLEVF.LAXD,  Josiaii,  captain,  of  Owcgo, 
died  at  Charlcstown,  Mass.,  June  30,  1843,  aged 
89,  and  was  buried  at  Mount  Auburn  in  Cam- 
bridge. Born  in  Canterbury,  Conn.,  he  was  an 
officer,  and  served  in  the  war  of  the  Ilcvolution, 
and  fought  in  various  battles,  fir.st  at  Bunker  Hill. 
It  was  to  attend  the  commemoration  on  finishing 
the  monument  at  Hunker  Hill,  that  he  came  five- 
hundred  miles,  which  he  witnessed,  and  died. 

CLI^l'^VI'^S,  (iKoiiGi;,  an  early  settler  and  dis- 
tinguished magistrate  of  Maine,  lived  at  Spur- 
wink,  Cajio  Elizabeth,  in  1030,  associated  in 
business  with  Ilithard  Tucker.  Li  1032  they 
commenced  the  settlement  at  Casco  and  erected 
the  first  house  on  the  Neck,  called  Machi- 
gonnc  by  the  Indians,  then  Cleeves'  Neck  and 
Munjoy's  Neck,  now  Portland.  In  1643  he  was 
apj)ointed  by  Iligby  his  dejjuty  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Ligonia,  and  was  a  large  land-owner 
under  grants  from  Gorges  and  Iligby.  lie  died 
at  Portland  between  Nov.,  1666,  and  Jan.,  1671, 
at  an  advanced  age,  ])robably  more  than  90.  The 
Bracketts  are  his  descendants.  An  amjjle  ac- 
count of  him  is  given  in  Willis'  history  of  Port- 
land. —  i»/aine  Uht.  Coll.  I.  124. 

CLEVELAND,  IIexuy  IIusseli,,  of  Boston, 
died  at  St.  Louis  June  12,  1843,  aged  34.  He 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1827.  The  life  of  Hud- 
son in  Sjjorks'  Biography  was  written  by  him : 
he  was  also  the  editor  of  an  edition  of  Sallust 
much  approved,  and  the  author  of  a  volume  on 
classical  studies. 

CLEVEXGER,  Shobal  L.  Vai,  an  eminent 
sculptor,  died  at  sea  Sept.  28,  1843.  He  was 
born  in  Middletown,  Ohio,  in  1812 :  his  father 
was  a  weaver,  who  removed  to  Indian  Creek. 
At  the  age  of  15  he  went  to  Centreville  to  learn 
stone-cutting  with  his  brother,  who  was  employed 
on  the  canal.  He  was  soon  afl[licted  with  the 
ague  and  fever  and  returned  home.  Ne.\t  he 
went  to  Cincinnati  and  was  employed  by  Mr. 
Guino,  a  stone-cutter.  Here  he  married  Eliza- 
beth Wright.  At  length  he  went  into  partner- 
ship with  Mr.  Bassett.  His  chiselling  of  a  cherub 
on  a  tomb-stone  attracted  the  notice  of  Mr. 
Thomas,  editor  of  the  Evening  Post.  He  soon, 
without  a  clay  model,  cut  from  the  stone  an  ex- 
cellent bust  of  Mr.  Thomas.  Going  to  Boston, 
he  made  a  bust  of  Mr.  Webster;  and  also  of  Mr. 
Biddle,  Mr.  Clay,  and  Mr.  Van  Buren.    lie  then 


888 


CLIFFORD. 


went  to  Italy,  wlicrt  \\c  njiciit  Rpvrrnl  yonrn.  Tils 
great  work  was  uii  Indian,  liold  and  wild,  wliicii 
was  niucli  admired  liy  liie  Italians.  Iteturninf; 
witli  liis  family, lie  sailed  from  I.efjhorn,  l)ut  in  ten 
days  he  died  of  the  consumjition  on  his  |)asKa(,'e. 

CLIFl-'OUI),  John  ]).,  a  man  of  science,  died 
nt  Lc.\in{,'ton,  Ky.,  May  H,  Iml'O,  nnv(\  12.  Ik- 
formed  n  valualile  cahinet  of  mitiiral  history,  and 
published  essays  on  the  antiquities  of  the  west- 
ern country,  in  the  Western  Ilcview,  1810  and 
1820. 

Cl.IFTOX,  WiMJAM,  a  i)cct,  the  son  of  a  rich 
mechanic  in  I'hiladeljjhia,  was  born  in  1772,  and 
was  educated  as  a  (iuaker,  but  hi  the  latter  j)art 
of  his  life  threw  off  the  Uuaker  dress  and  man- 
ners, lie  died  of  the  consum]>tion  in  Dec.,  1709, 
Ofjed  20.  lie  i)ublished  nu  ejiistlc  to  Mr.  Oiftord, 
in  an  edition  of  Giflbrd's  j)oems,  evincing  much 
poetical  power.  He  also  commenced,  but  did  not 
finish,  a  jjoem  culled  the  Chimcriad,  in  which, 
under  the  character  of  the  witch,  C'himeria,  the 
geniuH  of  false  pliilosophy  Is  portrayed.  His 
poems  were  j)rinted  at  New  York,  12mo.,  1800. 
Much  of  his  jjoetry  is  of  a  satirical,  ])olitical  cast, 
containing  vitu])erntions  of  the  French  revolu- 
tionists and  of  the  jiarty  to  which  he  was  op- 
posed.—  Encyclopedia  Amer.;  Knapp'n  Led. 
119;  Specimen.')  American  Poetry,  II.  86. 

CLINTON,  Gkougk,  governor  of  the  colony  of 
New  York  before  the  llevolution,  was  the  young- 
est son  of  Francis  Clinton,  the  earl  of  Lincoln. 
He  was  ai)pointcd  governor  in  174,'J.  His  admin- 
istration of  ten  years  was  turbident.  He  was 
engaged  in  a  viok'iit  controversy  with  the  general 
assembly,  instigated  by  chief  justice  James  Hc- 
lancy,  the  riding  demagogue  of  that  period.  Mr. 
Horsemander  wrote  against  the  governor  j  Mr. 
Colden  in  his  favor.  The  governor  was  the  friend 
of  Sir  William  Johnson.  Mr.  Clinton  was  suc- 
ceeded in  Oct.,  17ti3,  by  Sir  1).  0.;l)orne,  who  in 
two  days,  in  consequence  of  j)olitionl  troubles, 
committed  suicide.  He  was  alterwii  governor 
of  Greenwich  hospital.  —  Jlist.  Coll.,  vil.  79  j 
Lempriere. 

CLINTON,  Charles,  the  ancestor  of  the  fam- 
ily of  Clintons  in  New  York,  died  in  Ulster,  after- 
wards Orange  county,  Nov.  19,  1773.  He  was  a 
descendant  of  Wm.  C,  who,  after  being  an  adhe- 
rent of  Charles  I.,  took  refuge  in  the  north  of 
Ireland.  James,  the  son  of  Wm.,  married  Eliza- 
beth Smith,  the  daughter  of  a  caj)tain  in  Crom- 
well's army,  and  'Vi  as  the  father  of  Charles,  who 
was  born  in  the  county  of  Longford,  Ireland,  in 
16r  Having  induced  a  number  of  his  friends 
to  join  him  in  the  project  of  emigrating  to  Amer- 
ica, he  chartered  a  ship  for  Philadelphia  in  1729 
and  sailed  May  20th.  On  the  passage  it  was 
ascertained,  that  the  captain  had  formed  the 
design  to  starve  the  passengers  in  order  to  seize 
their  property.    Among  those,  who  died,  were  a 


CLINTON. 

son  and  daughter  of  Mr.  Clinton.  It  was  now 
proposed  to  wrest  the  command  from  the  captain; 
but  there  was  not  energy  enough  in  the  passen- 
gers to  mak(?  the  atlcmjit.  At  length  they  were 
landed  at  Ca])e  Cod,  Oct.  4th.  It  was  not  till 
the  s])ringof  1731,  that  they  removed  and  Ibrnied 
a  settlement  in  the  coi.nty  of  Ulster,  State  of  New 
York,  about  sixty  miles  from  the  city  and  eight 
miles  west  of  the  river.  Mr.  Clinton  was  a  far- 
mer and  land  surveyor.  His  house  was  sur- 
rounded by  a  ])alisade,  against  the  Indians.  He 
was  made  judge  of  the  county  court ;  and  in  1700 
was  ap])ointed  lieut.-colonel  under  Col.  Oliver  ])e- 
lancy.  He  ser\ed  under  Bradstrcet  at  the  cap- 
ture of  fort  Frontenac.  Of  his  four  song  in 
America,  Alexander,  a  graduate  in  the  third  class 
at  I'rinceton,  in  1750,  was  a  physician;  Charles 
was  a  surgeon  in  the  army,  which  took  Havana 
in  1702,  and  died  in  April,  1791 ;  James  was  ma- 
jor-general; and  George  rice  president  of  the 
United  States.  With  an  uncommon  genius  and 
a  fund  of  useful  "..nowledge,  he  was  ati'able  and 
interesting  in  conversation.  He  was  tall,  graceful, 
and  dignified.  The  duties  of  the  various  relations 
of  private  life  were  regarded  by  him ;  and  he  was 
a  j)atriot  and  a  sincere  Christian.  —  Lord's  Lem- 
priere ;  lloyers'  Diuy.  Dictionary ;  N.  Y,  Stale*- 
man,  Aug.  23,  1828. 

CLINTON,  James,  brigadier-general,  the  fourth 
son  of  the  preceding,  died  l)ec.  22,  1812,  aged 
75.  He  was  born  in  Ulster  county,  N.  Y,,  Aug. 
9,  1730.  He  received  a  good  education.  In 
1750  he  was  a  captain  under  Bradstrcet  at  fort 
Frontenac,  and  captured  a  French  slooj)  of  war 
on  Lake  Ontario.  In  1703  he  was  apj)ointed 
captain  commandant  of  tour  companies,  raised  for 
the  defence  of  Ulster  and  Orange,  whose  western 
frontiers  were  exposed  to  the  inroads  of  the  sava- 
ges. In  the  beginnuig  of  the  llevolulionary  war 
he  was  appointed  colonel  June  30,  1775,  and  ac- 
companied Jlontgomery  to  Ciuiada.  He  was 
made  brigadier-general  Aug.  9,  1770.  In  Oct., 
P77,  he  commanded,  under  Gov.  Clinton,  at  fort 
Clinton,  wliich,  with  fort  Montgomery,  separated 
from  each  other  by  a  creek,  defended  the  Hudson 
against  the  ascent  of  the  enemy  below  West 
Point.  Sir  Henry  Clinton,  in  order  to  favor  the 
designs  of  Burgoyne,  attacked  these  forts  Oct. 
0th,  with  three  thousand  men,  and  carried  them 
by  storm,  as  they  were  defended  by  only  about 
five  hundred  militia.  A  brave  resistance  was 
made  from  four  o'clock  mitil  it  was  dark,  when 
the  garrison  were  overpowered.  Gen.  Clinton  was 
severely  wounded  by  a  bayonet,  but  esca]  ed. 
After  riding  a  little  distance  lie  dismounted,  that 
he  might  escape  the  pursuing  enemy,  and  taking 
the  bridle  from  his  horse  slid  down  a  precipice 
one  liundred  feet  to  the  creek,  which  separated 
the  forts.  Thus  he  reached  the  mountain  at  a 
secm'e  distance.    In  the  morning  he  found  a  horse, 


CLINTON. 


CLINTON. 


239 


wWch  oonvpycd  him,  covered  with  Wood,  about 
hixteeii  iiiilcx  from  tlio  fort  to  liis  lioii^e. 

Ill  177!)  hu  joined  witli  Nixteeii  liimdred  men 
Oeiieriil  ^idliviiii  in  liis  exiiedilion  iifj.iinst  tlie  In- 
diuiiH.  Proceediii-;  iip  tlie  Moliawk  in  liiitteaux 
n'loiit  fifty-lour  mileH  nl)ove  Seiienectndy,  lie  con- 
veyed tliem  from  Cannjr)hiirie  to  tiu;  liead  of  tlie 
Olscfjo  liilve,  one  of  the  mmrces  of  the  Sus([ue- 
iuniimh,  down  wliieh  he  was  to  join  Sullivan.  Ah 
the  water  in  the  outh't  of  the  lake  wan  too  low  to 
float  his  hatteaux,  he  constructed  a  dam  across  it, 
and  thuH  accumulated  the  water  in  the  lake,  lly 
lettini,'  out  this  water  his  boats  and  troops  were 
raimlly  eonvcyed  to  Tio;;a,  where  he  joined  Sul- 
livan, who  had  ascended  the  Susciuchannah. 
l)urin}»  most  of  the  war  General  Clinton  was 
stationed  in  command  of  the  northern  depart- 
ment at  All)any.  IJut  he  was  afterwards  present 
at  the  capture  of  Cornwallis.  On  the  evacuation 
of  New  York,  biddiiif?  the  commander-in-chief  an 
affectionate  fiirewell,  he  retired  to  his  estate. 
Yet  was  he  afU'rwards  called  bylsis  fellow-citizens 
to  various  jniblic  services,  being  a  commissioner  to 
adjust  the  boimdary  line  with  Pennsylvania,  rcj)- 
resentative,  delefjate  to  the  convention  of  1801 
for  amciuUng  the  constitution,  and  senator  ;  and 
in  all  his  labors  manifesting  integrity  and  ability. 
He  was  buried  at  Little  Britain,  in  Orange  county. 
His  temper  was  afi'cctionate  and  mild,  but  capable 
of  being  roused  to  vehemence  by  injuries  and  in- 
sults. His  wife,  Mary  Do  Witt,  was  of  a  family 
which  emigrated  from  Holland.  —  Uotjers'  liiog. 
Did.;  Kiicyc.  Amc.r.;  Lord's  Letnpricre. 

CLINTON,  Gkorge,  governor  of  New  York 
and  vice  president  of  the  United  States,  died  at 
Washington  April  20,  1812,  aged  72.  He  was 
named  after  the  colonial  governor,  a  friend  of  his 
fatlier.  He  was  the  youngest  son  of  Col.  Charles 
Clinton,  and  was  born  in  Ulster  county,  now  Or- 
ange, July  2(),  1739.  In  his  education  his  father 
was  assisted  by  Daniel  Thain,  a  minister  from 
Scotland.  In  early  life  he  evinced  the  enterprise 
which  distinguished  him  afterwards.  He  once 
left  his  lather's  house  and  sailed  in  a  privateer. 
On  his  return  he  accompanied  as  a  lieutenant  his 
brother,  James,  in  the  exi)edition  against  fort 
Trontenac,  now  Kingston.  He  afterwards  stud- 
ied law  under  William  Smith,  and  rose  to  some 
distinction  in  his  native  country.  As  a  member 
of  the  colonial  assembly  in  1775  and  afterwards, 
he  was  a  zealous  wliig.  May  13,  1775,  he  took 
his  seat  as  a  member  of  congress.  He  voted  for 
the  declaration  of  independence,  July  4,  177G ; 
but,  being  called  away  by  his  appointment  as 
brigadier-general  before  the  instrument  was  ready 
for  the  signature  of  the  members,  his  name  is  not 
attached  to  it.  March  25, 1777,  he  was  appointed 
brigadier-general  of  the  United  States.  At  the 
first  election  under  the  constitution  of  New  York, 
he  was  chosen,  April  20,  1777,  both  governor  and 


lieutenant-governor.     Accepting  llie  former  office, 
the  latter  was  filled  by  Mr.  Van  Cortlandt.     He 
was   thus  elected  chief  magistrate   six  HuccesHivo 
])priods,  or  for  eighteen  years,  till  17!)5,  when  ho 
was  succeeded  by  .Mr.  Jay.     Iteing  at  the  licad 
of  a  jiowerful  State,  and  in  the  command  of  the 
militia,  his  patriotic  services  were  of  the   highest 
importance  to  liis  country.     On  the  advance  of 
the  enemy  u])  the  Hudson  in  Oct.,  1777,  he  pro- 
rogued the  assembly  and  proceeded  to  take  com- 
mand of  fort  Montgomery,  ivhere  he   and   his 
brother  James  made  a  most  gallant  defence  Oct. 
0th.     He  escaped  under  cover  of  tlie  night.     The 
next   day   forts   Independence  and   Constitution 
were  evacuated.     He  presided  in  the  convention 
at  Poughkeepsie,  June  17,  1788,  for  deliberating 
on  the  federal  constitution,  which  he  deemed  not 
sufficiently  guarded  in  favor  of  the  sovereignty  of 
each  State.     After  being  five  years  in  jjrivate  life, 
he  was  elected  to  the  legislature.     Again  in  INOl 
was  he  chosen  governor,  but  in  1801  was  huc- 
ceeded  by  Mr.  Lewis.     In   that  year  ho  was  ele- 
vated to  the  vice  presidency  of  the  United  States, 
in  wliich  station  he  conthiued  till   his  death.     It 
was  by  his  casting  vote  that  the  bill  for  renewing 
the  bank  charter  was  negatived.     In  jirivate  life 
he  was  frank,  amiable,  and  warm  in  friendship. 
Hy   his  wife,  Cornelia  Ta])pan,  of  Kingston,  he 
had  one  son  and  five  daughters,  of  whom  but  one 
daughter  was  living  in  1832.  His  daughter,  Maria, 
wife  of  Dr.  S.  1).  Heekman,  died  in  Ajjril,  1829; 
his   second   daughter,   Cornelia,   wife   of   E.  C. 
Genet,  died   March,    1810,   aged   35;  his  third 
daughter,   Elizabeth,    widow   of   Matthias    Tal- 
madge,   died   April,    1823,    aged   45.      Another 
daughter  married  Col.  Van  CV)rtlaiidt,  and   died 
in  1811.    An  oration  on  his  death  was  delivered 
by  Gouverneur  Morris. 

Of  his  energy  and  decision  the  following  are 
instances.  At  the  conclusion  of  the  war,  when  a 
British  officer  was  jilaced  on  a  cart  in  the  city  of 
New  York,  to  be  tarred  and  feathered,  he  rushed 
in  among  the  mob  witli  a  drawn  sword  and  res- 
cued the  sufferer.  During  the  raging  of  what 
was  called  the  doctor's  mob,  when,  in  consequence 
of  the  disinterment  of  some  bodies  for  dissection, 
the  houses  of  the  physicians  were  in  danger  of 
being  imlled  down,  he  called  out  the  militia  and 
(luelled  the  turbulence.  The  following  is  an  in- 
stance of  the  skill  with  which  he  diverted  atten- 
tion from  liis  growing  infirmities.  On  a  visit  to 
Pittsficld,  as  he  was  rising  from  a  (li:in»r  table  in 
his  old  age,  he  fell,  but  was  caught  by  a  lady  sit- 
ting next  to  him.  "  Thus,"  said  he,  "  should  I 
ever  wish  to  fall — into  the  hands  of  the  ladies." 
For  many  years  he  suffered  much  by  the  rheu- 
matism.—  Delaplai'ie's  liepository  ;  Ennjdupe- 
dia  Americana;  Lord's  Ijcmpriere;  Ilogers; 
Marshall,  \.  396;  Almonds  Remembrancer,  1780, 
160. 


240 


CLINTON. 


CLINTON.  IIi-NTiY,  Sir,  nn  English  prnrrnl, 
son  of  the  CDloiiiiil  jjovcriKir  ('.,  vins  lli('j»r'""'''on 
of  the  i-nrl  of  Linrolii.  After  diNtiii^iiiishin;,'  liim- 
iielf  in  the  liatth-  of  Hunker  Hill  in  ITT.'i,  lie  wiim 
■ent  unHUceeMNfully  iif^iiinst  New  York  nnd  Charles- 
ton, lie  nfterwanls,  in  Sept.,  I""(!,  oeenpied 
the  city  of  New  York.  (Vt.  0,  1777,  he  axMaulted 
ond  took  fort.s  Clinton  and  Mimtf^oniory.  In 
1778  he  succeeded  Howe  in  the  command  nt 
rhiladelphia,  whence  Wa.ihinfjton  conii)elled  him 
to  retire.  In  .May,  1780,  he  tuok  Charleston.  It 
waH  lie  who  nej^oliated  with  .\rnoid  in  his  treason. 
He  returned  to  I'ji^fland  in  17HL',  and  died  Dec. 
22,  170.5.  .\  few  months  l)efore  his  death  lie  was 
made  governor  of  Gibraltar.  He  imblislicd  n 
narrative  of  his  ccniduct  in  America,  17H2 ;  oliscr- 
vations  on  ('ornwnllis'  answer,  178;5  j  ohservatioiiH 
on  Stednian,  1781. 

CLINTON,  l)i:  Wirr.LL.  I).,  governor  of  New 
York,  died  nt  Albany  l-'el,.  11,  1828,  a;red  iVX 
He  was  the  son  of  (ien.  James  Clinton,  and  was 
born  nt  Little  llritain,  in  Orange  county,  March 
2,  17(J!>.  He  was  graduated  at  Columbia  college, 
with  the  higliesf  lioiiors  of  his  class,  in  1780.  Al- 
though he  Ktudietl  law  under  Samuel  Jones,  he 
was  never  much  engaged  in  tlie  jiraclice.  At^er 
having  been  ])rivate  secretary  of  his  uncle  Gov. 
George  Clinton,  he  was  elected  to  the  senate 
of  New  Y'ork  in  1799.  He  was  two  years 
before  in  the  house.  It  was  a  time  of  violent 
party  excitement)  lie  entered  into  the  struggle 
with  nil  his  energy,  and  was  one  of  the  champions 
of  democracy.  At  this  jieriod,  as  afterwards,  he 
was  the  friend  of  education,  the  sciences,  and  the 
arts,  and  advocated  liberal  grants  to  Union  col- 
lego  and  tlic  common  schools.  He  exerted  him- 
self also  to  ])rocure  the  abolition  of  slavery  in 
New  York.  As  a  member  of  the  council  of  ap- 
pointment, he  claimed  n  co-ordinate  right  of 
nomination,  in  which  claim  he  and  a  majority  of 
the  council  were  resisted  by  Gov.  Jay.  By  rea- 
son of  this  controversy  all  the  olficcrs  of  the  State 
held  over  lor  one  year.  In  1801  the  constitution 
was  amended,  allowing  the  co-ordinate  nomina- 
tion. In  July,  1802,  he  betrayed  a  want  of 
moral  and  religious  iirincijilc  by  fighting  a  duel 
with  John  Swarlwoiit,  arising  from  ])olitical  con- 
troversy concerning  Jlr.  Burr,  lu  the  same  year 
he  was  aj)pointed  a  senator  of  the  United  States, 
in  which  station  he  voted  for  the  treaty  with  the 
Creek  Indians,  guaranteeing  to  them  the  peaceful 
possession  of  their  own  territory  in  Georgia.  In 
the  ditticulty  with  Spain  concerning  the  navigation 
of  the  Mississij)pi,  he  successfully,  in  a  powerful 
s])eech,  resisted  the  attempt  of  the  federal  party 
to  plunge  the  country  into  war.  Ilis  last  vote  in 
the  senate  was  to  confirm  the  treaty  for  the  pur- 
chase of  Louisiana,  lie  was  chosen  mayor  of 
New  York,  an  office  of  great  emolument  and  pat- 
ronage,  in    1803,  and   annually, — excepting  in 


CI^INTON, 

IfiO"  and  1810,  —  until  181,'5,  exerting  himwlf  to 
promote  in  every  way  tlie  pn'speiiiy  of  the  city. 
Under  his  auspices  the  historical  society  and  the 
academy  of  arts  were  incorjinrated  ;  the  city  hall 
was  founded  ;  tlie  orphan  asylum  established ) 
and  the  city  forlilled.  AVliile  he  was  mayor, 
he  was  also,  during  several  years,  a  senator 
and  the  lieutenant-governor,  engaging  with  /eol 
and  with  strong  ambition  in  the  ])oIitical  move- 
ments of  the  day.  He  could  not  be  content 
withiiut  being  a  jirominent  leader.  In  respect 
to  the  war  of  1812,  he  was  o|)])osed  to  its  decla- 
rati(ni,  as  inexjiedienl  ond  injurious;  yet,  after 
it  was  conimenccd,  be  made  every  elfort  to  call 
forth  the  energies  <(f  the  country  against  the  ene- 
my. Ill  1812,  be  consented  to  become  the  candi- 
date of  the  peace  party  for  the  jircsidency  of  the 
United  States,  and  received  eighty-nine  votes, 
Mr.  Mudison  obtaining  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
eight  ii'i'l  being  re-elected,  lly  thus  arraying 
himself  against  Madison,  Clinton  alienated  from 
himself  many  of  his  Ibrnier  friends. 

In  1815  he  became  a  jirivate  citizen.  In  1810 
he  was  appointed  a  canal  commissioner  and  pres- 
ident of  the  board ;  he  had  been  n  member  of 
the  first  board,  with  Gov.  Morris,  Stejihen  Van 
llensselaer,  and  others,  in  1810;  but  nothing  was 
effected  until  April,  1817,  when,  in  consequence  of 
the  exertions  of  Mr.  Clinton,  a  law  was  ])assed, 
authorizing  the  Ei'ie  canal,  three  hundred  and 
sixty-three  miles  in  length,  at  an  estimated  ex- 
pense of  five  millions  of  dollars.  Being  in  the 
next  month  elected  governor,  in  liis  able  message 
to  the  legislature  he  called  their  attention,  among 
other  subjects,  to  the  great  interests  of  education 
and  of  internal  improvement,  particularly  to  the 
proposed  most  imjiortant  canal.  During  his  ad- 
ministration of  three  years,  a  strong  party  was  ar- 
rayed against  him.  He  was  however  re-elected 
in  1820  against  Mr.  Tompkins.  But  his  oppo- 
nents obtained  majorities  in  both  branches  of  the 
legislature,  so  that,  when  under  the  amended  con- 
stitution, limiting  the  term  of  office  to  two  years, 
a  new  election  came  on  in  1822,  Mr.  Clinton,  in 
order  to  avoid  certain  defeat,  withdrew  from  the 
contest.  Yet  the  various  measures  of  liis  admin- 
istration had  all  been  wisely  directed  to  promote 
the  jiublic  welfare.  In  regard  to  education  he  re- 
marked to  the  legislature :  "  It  cannot  be  too 
forcibly  inculcated,  nor  too  generally  understood, 
that  in  promoting  the  great  interests  of  moral  and 
intellectual  cultivation,  there  can  be  no  prodigality 
ill  the  application  of  the  public  treasure." 

lie  acted  as  a  president  of  the  board  of  canal 
commissioners  in  1823  and  1824 ;  but  in  this  last 
year  the  legislature,  without  accusation,  removed 
him  from  this  jilace.  This  flagrant  act  of  in- 
justice towards  the  father  of  the  great  system  of 
internal  improvement  roused  the  indignation  of 
the  people.     lie  was  immediately  nominated  for 


CLINTON. 


COBIJ. 


241 


govprtinr, nnd  wnn  I'lccted  by  n  :nnjorityc>f  nixtocii '  cnn  HiMo  norioty,  1R23  nnd  ISQ.l^  address  to  the 
thoiisiiml  votes  over   liis  anta},'f)iii>.t.     During  hi^    frfPiniwoiiN  on   roMifjtiinj;   a  lu'tjli   otlicc,  IH'J,). — 


ndmiiii  .  ation,  ilio  I'.rie  canal  was  in  IH'Si  tin- 
islK'<l,  and  the  coniplt'lion  of  the  work  wa.s  cele- 
lirated  tlirou(;liont  tlie  State.  Uc-elected  in  IHUli, . 
ho  in  that  year  declined  the  emhassy  to  I'jifjland, 
which  Mr.  Adaint  olFered  him.  At  this  iieriod, 
the  most  imjxjrtnnt  measnrc  whicli  ho  recom- 
mended was  an  amendment  of  the  constitution, 
making  the  rif?ht  of  suHrago  universal.  The 
■  '•■'!>;^e  WBH  made  hy  the  people  i  but  there  were 


IIihuick'H  Mfiiiiiirx  ;  .imericiin  Ann.  lUij.  1827- 
L'!»,  i>.  1.")  I- 100  J  I'ruudjU'a  Sennom  Ji'mtcick't 
Lif,' <>/<'. 

CLIN  TON,  Is.ur,  minister  of  Southwick, 
Mas-i.,  died  at  I.owville,  \.  Y.,  March  IH,  IHIO, 
aK<'(l  H2.  A  ^jraduate  of  Yale  in  ITHfl,  he  wa« 
pastor  from  17HM  to  1H()7.  lie  pultlished  a  trea- 
tise on  baptism.  —  UiiH<in<l,\i.  111. 

CLYMKU,  (Jt.outii;,  a  jiatriot  of  the  Revolu- 


those  whorcfjarded  thcreconmiendation  asarisinjf;  tion,  died  at  .Morrisville,  I'enn.,  Jan.  23,  INIU, 
from  the  desire  of  j^ainiujj  jiojjulurity.  lie  died  a^ed  7.'(,  lie  was  born  in  I'hiladelpbia  in  17.'1!). 
suddenly  from  a  disease  of  the  Jieart,  in  conse-  He  received  a  j^ood  education  and  accpiired  u 
quencc  of  a  catarrhal  affection  of  the  throat  and  taste  for  books;  but  eufjaged  in  mercantile  pur- 
chest.  His  first  wife  was  Maria  Franklin,  the  I  suits.  He  early  espoused  the  cause  of  his  coun- 
duughtcr  of  an  cmhicnt  merchant  of  New  York,  try.  In  177JJ  ho  resolutely  opposed  tlie  sale  of 
by  whom  he  had  seven  sons  and  three  dau;^hters, !  teo,  fimiI  out  by  the  Ib•iI!^h  (government.  Not  a 
of  whom  four  sons  am'   two  dauj^hters  survived  ]  Jiound  was  sold  in  riiihulclpbia.     lit   177.'ih('wa8 


him.     His  second  wife  vas  Catherine  Jones,  the 
daughter  of  Dr.  Thomas  Jones. 

Mr.  Clinton  won  a  member,  and  the  president 
of  various  learned  societii-s,  before  which  he  was 
frequently  invited  to  deliver  discourses,  in  all 
which,  as  well  as  in  his  official  communications, 


one  of  the  first  continental  treasurers.  .\s  a 
member  of  con;;rcss,  he  the  next  year  si>;ned  the 
Declaration  of  Independence.  In  1774  the  furni- 
ture of  his  bouse  in  Chester  county,  twenty-fivo 
miles  from  I'biladelphia,  was  destroyed  by  the  cn- 
emv.    In  this  year  he  was  commissioner  to  the  In- 


hc  disjilayed  the  energies  of  an  enlightened  aod  dians  to  jireserve  jjcace  and  enlist  warriors  from  the 
comprehensive  intellect.  Ilia  title  as  the  head  Shuwanese  and  Delaware  tribes.  In  I  his  eajjacity 
of  the  freemasons  was  sufficiently  ridiculous:  he  resided  for  a  while  at  I'ittsburg.  \\\  1780  ho 
"Most  Excellent  General  Grand  High  Priest  of  |  co-operated  with  llobert  Morris  in  the  establish- 
the  General  Grand  Koyal  Arch  Chapter  of  the  |  ment  of  u  bank  for  the  relief  of  the  country. 
United  States! "  In  liis  person  he  was  tall  and  of  Again  was  he  a  member  of  congress  in  1780  j  but 
a  commanding  aspect.  Hismanncrs  were  distant  |  in  1782  he  removed  to  I'rinecton  for  the  educa- 
and  reserved  ;  yet  was  he  cheerful,  and  kind,  and  I  tion  of  his  children.  After  the  adoi)tion  of  the 
sincere  in  friendship.  lie  rose  early  and  toiled  I  constitution  he  was  again  a  member  of  congress, 
incessantly  for  the  enlargement  of  his  knowledge.  \  On  the  passage  of  the  bill  for  imposing  a  duty  on 
There  is  no  doubt  that  he  was  ambitious,  and  that  distilled  s|)irits  in  1791,  he  was  jilaced  at  the  head 
he  was  looking  higher  than  the  office  of  governor,  i  of  the  excise  department  in  I'enii'^y'vania.  The 
But  his  political  measures  deserve  to  be  com- 1  insurrection  made  the  duties  sufficiently  disagree- 
mcndcd,  as  subservient  to  the  prosperity  and  honor  j  able  ;  and  he  resigned  the  office.  In  1 790  he  was 
of  the  State.  His  failure  to  reach  the  height  to  I  sent  to  Georgia,  to  negotiate,  together  with 
which  he  aimed  in  the  national  government,  and  Hawkins  and  Pickens,  a  treaty  with  the  Cherokee 
liis  sudden  removal  from  the  world,  j)resent  a  new  |  and  Creek  Indians.     Ho  was  afterwards  j)resident 


of  the  Piuladeljj.'iia  bank  and  of  the  academy  of 
fine  arts.  His  wile  was  the  daughter  of  Mr. 
Meredith.      Joseph   Hopkinson   i)ronoimced   an 


and  striking  instance  of  the  vanity  of  earthly  ])ur 
suits.  They  who  fix  their  aim  upon  any  object 
beneath  the  sky  will  be  disappohited ;  even  the 
man  of  ambition,  who  gains  the  desired  and  giddy 
eminence,  will  not  there  be  hajjjjy.  In  Hosack's 
life  of  Clinton,  there  is  published  a  letter,  ad- 
dressed to  him  by  one  of  the  ministers  of  New 
Y'ork,  deploring  his  neglect  of  an  important  re- 
ligious duty,  and  pointing  out  a  path,  which  leads  \  his  countrj  awikened  his  eon,stant  solicitude, 
to  the  unwithering  honors  of  a  future  life.  He  I  (Juudricii'K  Liccs 
published  a  discourse  before  the  New  York  his- 
torical society,  181 1 ;  discourse  before  the  liter- 
ary and  philosopliical  society  of  New  York, 
1815  i  and  in  the  transactions  of  that  society,  re- 
marks on  the  fishes  of  the  western  waters  of  New 
Y'ork  ;  discourse  before  the  American  academy  of 
the  arts,  1816 ;  a  discourse  before  the  Phi  Beta 
Kappa  society,  1823  ;  address  before  the  Ameri- 
31 


eulogy  upon  his  character.  In  his  various  sta- 
tions he  was  remarkable  for  the  punctual  and 
conscientious  disdiargo  of  duty.  Ilu  had  a  deli- 
cacy of  taste,  and  was  attached  to  the  refined  pur- 
suits of  a  cultivated  genius.     The  improvement  of 


CLY'MEU,  Gicoucii:,  inventor  of  a  printing- 
press,  lived  in  Philadelijhia  j  he  died  in  London 
Sept.  4,  183-1,  aged  80. 

COBB,  EuiLNKZKU,  remarkable  for  longevity, 
died  at  Kingston,  Mass.,  Dec.  8,  1801,  aged  107. 
He  was  born  in  Plymouth  March  22,  1094,  and 
was  ten  years  conten.porary  with  I'eregrine  White, 
of  Marshfield,  the  first  son  of  New  England,  who 


242 


(OFllt. 


yroH  Iiorn  on  Iioard  tlic  MnWIowtr  in  Ciipc  CimI 
harbor,  in  Nov.,  KiJd.  Ills  ilaVN  wcri'  punM'd  in 
cultiviitin^r  I  he  earth.  IIIm  miikIc  of  li\in){  \\i\m 
)iim|)l('.  Only  twlic  in  In's  lifi',  .nid  then  ii  wuhIo 
gratify  IiIn  lircthrcn  on  ii  j>ij'\,  diii  he  Milmtitutc 
on  cncrvatinj;  nip  of  ti;i  in  plucc  of  th'  invi>;(>- 
ratiiiK  howl  of  l)rotii,  or  the  iuili'iti\e  lorrinffcr 
of  milk.  He  iicvor  inter!  ulasNcs,  hut  f<n  several 
yearn  eoidd  not  see  to  read,  lie  was  of  a  nio<I- 
frute  Htatiire,  stoojiin;,'  in  attitude,  liaviiiff  a.i  ex- 
])nnded  ehest,  and  of  ii  fair  and  llorid  countenance. 
lie  enjoyed  life  in  his  (dd  aj^'c,  and  in  liis  last 
year  declared  lliii?  h<'  had  the  same  atfachineiit 
to  life  aH  ever,  lie  wan  ii  professed  Christhm. 
Ad  ho  approached  tho  close  of  Iun  dayH,  he 
Bhrewdly  replied  to  some  one,  who  made  a  remark 
upon  his  exi)ect((|  dissolntioii,  "  It  is  very  rare 
that  |)i'rsonH  of  my  ii;je  die."  Mis  ])OHferity  were 
not  immerous,  heiiijf  only  one  hundred  and 
tMUhty-five.  —  Ciilnmhian  Cenlincl,  Dec.  10,  IHOl ; 
N.  y.Hpert.,  Dec.  23. 

COBI),  TiH)M.\H,  cni)tain,  died  in  Jersey  City 
Feb.  17,  ISl"),  aged  Ho.  A  native  of  I'arsipimny, 
he  was  enKnged  in  thirteen  l)attles  of  the  war, 
and  not  wounded,  thon<;h  he  naw  eleven  men  full 
at  his  side. 

COIUI.Olivku,  D.  ]).,  died  at  Sippican,  lloch- 
cster,  Mass.,  June  123,  181!),  nf,'ed  79.  Horn  in 
Kingston,  he  graduated  at  Hrown  university,  and 
was  ordained  at  11.  Vvh,  (!,  17!M),  and  was  for 
more  than  fifty  years  the  jjastor  of  the  church. 
lie  had  jjrejiarcd,  hut  did  not  jjreaeh  a  half-cen- 
tury sermon.  His  earnestness  and  success  were 
evinced  in  three  revivals,  in  wliieh  more  than  two 
hundred  jiersons  were  added  to  his  church.  His 
son  was  at  last  his  colleague. 

COBB,  Syi,v.v>,u.s  ]t.,  a  merchant,  died  in  Bos- 
ton Alay  22, 1834,  aged  35.  As  ho  began  business 
he  wrote  a  solemn  covenant,  that  he  would  give  a 
quarter  of  his  jjrofitB  to  charitable  uses  j  and  one- 
half  if  he  should  be  worth  20,000  dollars  ;  three- 
quarters  if  worth  30,000;  the  whole  if  worth 
60,000.  lie  was  faithful.  Being  a  Baptist,  he 
gave  tho  surplus,  7,500  dollars,  to  found  Newton 
institution,  and  as  much  more  at  other  times. 

COBBETT,  Thomas,  an  eminent  minister  and 
writer,  died  Nov.  5,  1085,  aged  77.  He  was  born 
at  Newbury,  in  England,  in  1008.  He  entered  the 
university  of  Oxford,  and  was  for  some  time  a 
student  there  ;  but  in  the  time  of  the  plague  he 
was  induced  to  remove,  and  to  become  a  pupil  of 
the  celebrated  Dr.  Twiss  of  Newbury.  In  conse- 
quence of  his  nonconformity  to  the  estahUshed 
church,  he  experienced  a  storm  of  persecution 
which  drove  him  to  this  country  in  1637.  He 
came  in  the  same  vessel  with  Mr.  Davonjwrt.  He 
was  soon  chosen  as  a  colleague  to  his  old  friend 
Mr.  Whiting,  of  Lyim,  with  whom  he  labored  in 
his  benevolent  work  nearly  twenty  years.    In  the 


COCIIU.W. 

[  yrnr  in  which  their  unlary  wiw  reduced  to  .10 
poiuids  earli,  the  town  Niiljrn  it  n  Iohs  Iiv  diieaoe 
anionic  the  cattle  of  .'IlMI  |i<iinidK,  which  may  lie 
regarili'il.  in  the  opinion  of  Cotton  Mather,  as  a 
]>unislinii'nt  of  their  parsiniony.  .\t\rr  the  re- 
moval of  Mr.  Niirtoii  of  Ipswich,  to  lloHton,  and 
the  death  of  Mr.  Kogers,  he  became  the  |iastor 
of  the  first  church  in  Ipswich.  During  his  min- 
istry there  was  a  powerful  and  extensive  revival 
of  relifrion  in  the  town.  Here  he  continued  in 
the  fui'lil'ul  discharge  of  the  duties  of  the  sacre<l 
ollice  till  bin  death.  l'"roni  the  records  of  the 
town  it  appears,  that  the  expenses  of  the  funeral 
were  about  i,'18,  including  32  galls,  of  wine  at  •!«., 
(12  lbs.  of  sugar,  eider,  and  ginger,  and  some  dozen 
pairs  of  gloves.  His  jiredecessors  were  Ward, 
Norton,  and  Uo(,'ers  j  his  successors  lliilibard, 
Demiison,  J.  Kogers,  Fitch,  N.  Itogers,  Frisliie, 
and  Kiinlmll. 

Mr.  Cobbett  was  remarkidile  not  only  for  a 
constant  sjiirit  of  devotion  and  for  the  freijuency 
of  his  addresses  to  heaven,  but  for  a  particular 
faith,  or  awsiiranee  in  prayer.  During  the  wars 
with  the  Iiulians  one  of  his  sons  was  taken  pris- 
oner by  the  savages.  The  aged  paniit  called  to- 
gether a  number  of  his  neighbors,  and  they 
mingled  their  |)rayers  for  tho  deliverance  of  the 
ca])tive.  He  was  imjjressed  with  the  belief  that 
the  Father  of  mercies  liad  heard  tho  snijplications 
addressed  to  him,  and  his  heart  was  no  more  sad. 
In  a  few  days  his  son,  who  hud  been  redeemed  of 
a  s.ichem  at  I'enobscoi;  t()r  a  red  coat,  actually 
returned.  Ho  ])nblished  a  work  on  infant  bap- 
tism, 1018,  which  is  much  commended  by  Cotton, 
and  described  by  Mather  as  "  a  large,  nervous, 
golden  discourse ; "  the  civil  magistrate's  jjowcr 
in  matters  of  religion  modestly  debated,  etc.,  with 
an  answer  to  a  j)amphlet  called,  ill  news  from 
England,  by  John  Clarke,  of  U.  I.,  1053  ;  a  prac- 
tical discourse  of  ])rayer,  8vo.,  1054;  on  tho 
honor  duo  from  children  to  their  parents,  1050. — 
Magnalia,  in.  105 — 167. 

COCHKAN,  John,  M.  1).,  a  jihysician,  was 
born  in  1730  in  Chester  county,  I'onn.  His 
father,  a  farmer,  came  from  the  north  of  Ireland. 
He  studied  physic  with  Dr.  Thompson,  of  Lan- 
caster. In  the  French  war,  which  began  in  1755, 
he  served  as  surgeon's  mate  in  the  hosjutal  de- 
partment. At  tho  close  of  the  war  ho  settled  in 
Albany,  and  married  Gertrude  Schuj  lor,  the  only 
sister  of  Gen.  Schuyler.  But  he  soon  removed  to 
Now  Bnmswick.  April  10,  1777,  on  the  recom- 
mendation of  AVashington,  he  was  appointed 
physician  and  surgeon-general  in  the  middle  de- 
partment, and  in  Oct.,  1781,  director-general  of 
the  hospitals  of  the  United  States.  After  the 
peace  he  removed  to  New  York,  where  Washing- 
ton nominated  him  the  commissioner  of  loans. 
He  died  at  Palatine,  Montgomery  county,  April 


rocmiAN. 


CODMAN. 


S48 


n,  tWi",  i\'jit\  70.     'I'lic  iiii|ircH«ii)nN  in  rarly  lifr 

tlclivtMl    Irnlll  A  rrlix'i"ll»  r.ltlllT  WlTl'   llrVlT  olilil- 
cr.iti'd. —  'riiii<lifr'.i  Mill.  Jliiii/,  I 

(•(H'llUW.  Jamis,  ilic.l  ill  Unfaviii.  N'.  Y.. 
I )«•«'.  Ill,  isKi,  ii;;t(l  n:1.  Ill'  wiiJt  II  lininH-founilir 
in  l'liilii(l<'i|ihiii.  Alili<iii;;li  llu'  iiiMntor  (if  the 
nu'iliixl  'if  iiial\iii}{  ('III  iiiiiN,  III'  iliril  |i<i<ir. 

COCK  I'.,  .Imiin,  (,'i'iiciai,  (lied  in  (iriiinKiT  Cn., 
'rciin.,  in  liHOI,  lifted  72  i  unotiicr  lucoiint  niiiltiH  ^ 
lii'<  m(i'  H2.  'I'lic  I'lilt'itt  Hon  of  Col.  Wn>.  Cocke,  ' 
of  Nottowiiy  ciiunty,  Vii.,  he  t'lirly  i'niii,'riiti'(l  to  •. 
'I'l'iinfMsct'.  Ill-  Niistiiiiii'tl  viirioiis  olfit'is,  inul 
wiiH  many  yi'urs  Hpcakcr  of  liic  Iiouhi' j  from  iMlil  : 
to  INli7  a  iiiciiilicr  of  I'oii^'ri'HH.  , 

C()l)i)IN(iT()N,  Wii.i.iAM.  llif  father  of  Hhoile  ! 
iNhiiid,  died  Nov.  1,  107S,  iigeil  77.  He  waH 
a  native  of  LincohiNliire,  Mn^liuid.  He  cnnic  to 
tiiis  eoimtry  as  an  UKwiNtunt,  or  one  of  the  inajfin- 
trates,  of  Massaelnisetts,  mid  arrived  at  Sah'iu  in 
the  Arulielhi  June  IL',  UVM.  He  wan  neverul 
timeK  reehoseii  to  tiiai  otiicei  imt  in  l()iJ7,  when 
(Jovenior  Vane,  to  whose  interests  lie  was  at- 
tached, was  sujierseiU'd  hy  Mr.  Winthrop,  lie 
also  was  h'lt  out  of  the  niaj^istracy.  The  freemen 
of  I'oston,  liowever,  the  next  thiy  chose  him  and 
Mr.  Vane  tiieir  (U'jiuties  to  tiie  court.  Mr.  Cod- 
dinf,'ton  expressed  his  dissatisfaction  in  U)sii|i{  tiie 
ollice  wliich  lie  liad  sustained,  hy  sittlnf,'  with  tiie 
deacons  nt  public  worship,  instead  of  |dacinj;  him- 
Hclf  as  usual  in  the  nuifjistrutes'  seat,  and  hy  >,'oin)^ 
to  Mount  Wollaston  on  the  day  of  the  fjeneral 
fast,  to  hear  ^Ir.  \Vlicelwrif,'ht.  AVhen  the  reli- 
fjious  conteiiti(nis  ran  liif^h  in  l(i.'J7,  he  defended 
Mrs.  Hutchinson  at  her  trial,  in  ojiposition  to 
Governor  Winthroj)  and  the  miiiister.i  j  he  oji- 
])osed  the  proceediiifjs  of  the  court  aj^ainst  Mr. 
^\■heelwri;,'llt  and  others ;  and,  when  he  found 
that  his  exertions  were  unavailiiiff,  he  reliniiuished 
his  a(lvaiilaj,'eous  situation  as  u  merchant  at  llos- 
ton,  and  his  lar}j;e  property  and  improvements  in 
Ilraintree,  and  accomjianied  the  emifjrants,  who 
at  that  time  left  the  colony.  He  removed  to 
llliode  Island  April  20,  103H,  and  was  the  princi- 
])al  instrument  in  efi'ectinjf  the  orijjinal  settlement 
of  that  place.  His  name  stands  first  (m  the  cove- 
nant, signed  hy  ei;^hteen  persons  ut  Aijuetneck,  or 
Uliode  Island,  March  7,  1038,  forming  themselves 
into  a  hody  politic,  to  be  governed  b\  the  laws  of 
the  Lord  .Jesus  Christ,  the  King  of  kings.  It 
was  soon  found  necessary  to  have  someihing  more 
delinite.  Mr.  Coddington  was  ajipointed  judge, 
and  three  elders  were  joined  wilii  him.  These 
were  directed  by  a  vote  of  the  freemen,  Jan.  2, 
ICi.'il),  to  be  governed  by  the  general  rules  of  the 
word  of  God,  when  no  ])articular  rule  was  known. 
IJut  this  j)lan  was  changed  March  12,  1040,  when 
a  governor,  lieutenant-goveriun',  and  four  assist- 
ants were  appointed. 

Mr.  Coddington   was   chosen   governor   seven 
years,  until  the  charter  was  obtauied,  and  the 


island  vtm  inrorporutcd  «iih  I'rovidi'nre  plant n- 
tioiis.  Ill  1017  III' iu>siiiii'd  i  I  fiirniiiig  the  body 
of  laws,  which  has  bien  the  liiiMis  of  t!ii'  govern'- 
mint  of  Uliode  Islund  ever  Hincr.  The  next 
year.  May  10,  lOM,  he  WM  elected  goMrnor  | 
iiiil  he  dicliiii'd  the  otilcc  on  lucoiint  of  »  contro- 
Misy  ill  will  h  he  was  cngagi  d  respeding  «ome 
land".  In  Seplcnilier  he  niiide  an  iiiisiicii'sHfiil 
attempt  to  priH'iire  the  r('ee|iliiin  of  lUmde  Island 
into  the  conlVderury  of  the  united  rolonies.  In 
10.')  1  he  went  to  I'.ngland,  iind  was  coinmissioned 
governor  of  ,\(pietiieck  island,  separate  from  tho 
rest  of  the  colony  j  but,  as  the  people  were  jeal- 
ous It'st  his  commission  should  all'ect  their  lawn 
and  lilierties,  he  resigned  it.  He  now  retired 
from  piiiilie  business;  but  toward  the  close  of 
IiIh  life  he  was  prevailed  on  to  accejit  the  chief- 
magistracy.  He  was  governor  in  the  years  1074 
and  107rj. 

He  ajipears  to  have  ber-n  prudent  in  his  ad- 
ministration, and  active  ii>.  promoting  the  welfare 
of  the  little  commonwealth  which  he  had  a  -(isted 
in  founding.  A\'hile  he  lived  in  lUiode  Isli)nd,lic 
embnicnl  the  sentiments  of  thi  iiuiikei  .  Ho 
was  a  Harm  advocate  for  lib-  ;fy  of  eon'  ''.'ncc.  A 
letter,  which  he  wrote  in  Ki"!  to  the  governor  of 
New  I'^ngland,  is  jireserved  in  Hesse's  Sufferings 
of  the  (iuakers,  ii.  20.'i-27().  —  Ikilicalion  (,'' 
Ciillemler'a  JJi.il.  J)iiic.  ;  JJolmes;  Winllirup  { 
JliilchiuKim,  I.  I'S. 

CODMAX,  John,  a  member  of  t)  o  senate  of 
Mass.,  died  in  Iloston  May  17,  lHo,5,  aged  48. 
He  filled  the  pulilic  stations,  in  which  he  was 
jilaced,  with  integrity  and  honor.  As  a  merchant, 
lie  sustained  a  character  of  the  first  res|iictability. 
Endeared  to  his  friends  by  a  natural  disposition 
which  rendered  him  warm  in  his  attachments,  he 
also  ])()ssessed,  by  the  gift  of  ])ivine  yrace,  a  prin- 
ciple of  benevolence,  which  drew  upon  him  the 
blessings  of  the  poor.  In  his  last  moments, 
more  anxious  for  the  safety  of  others  than  for  his 
own,  he  resigned  himself  to  death  with  the  forti- 
tude, calnniess,  and  triumjjh,  becoming  the  reli- 
gion which  he  professed.  —  N.  Y.  Herald,  May 
20,  1803. 

CODMAX,  C,VT'r,-;,r  E,  the  second  wife  and 
widow  of  tho  precc'i  ;  ig,  died  in  Boston  Dec., 
1831,  aged  02.  She  was  of  the  family  of  Amory 
of  IJoston.  Her  minister  in  her  widowhood  was 
Dr.  Channin;.;.  for  whom  she  had  the  highest 
regard.  II  'r  house  was  the  seat  of  hospitality. 
Her  hie  wan  a  life  of  active  benevolence  and  emi- 
nent usefulness :  no  one  could  doubt  her  sincere 
and  ardent  piety.  She  went  down  to  the  grave 
in  Christian  peace,  rejoicing  in  the  hope  of  a 
blessed  immortality. 

CODMAX,  Joiix,  1).  D.,  a  minister  in  Dorches- 
ter, died  Dec.  23,  1847,  aged  05.  Born  in  Boston 
Aug.  3, 1782,  the  son  of  John  Codman  above  men- 
tioned and  ^lary  liusscll,  he  graduated  at  Harvard 


244 


CODMAN. 


ir 


in  the  large  class  of  ISO'.',  and  studied  tlicology 
at    Cambridge   and   m    Kdiulmrgh.      lie   8j)cnt 
nearly  three  years  abroad,  from  ISOo  to  IHOH,  the 
last  of  which  he  was  emjiloyed  as  flic  jireachcr  to 
the  Scotch   church   in   Swallow  street,   London. 
Among  the  eminent  ministers,  whom  ho  knew  in 
England,   were   George    liurder,  ])avi(l   IJayne, 
Robert  Ilall,  Andrew  Fuller,  and  AVilliam  Jay, 
the  last  of  whom  with  two  others  gave  him  a 
license  to  preach  in  Ai)ril,  IHO".    Of  the  minis- 
ters of  Edinburgh,  ])r.  David  Dicksoii  was  espe- 
cially his  friend.     During  his  residence  at)road  he 
made  a  visit  of  six  weeks  to  Paris.     ]{eturning  to 
America  in  May,  1808,  he  was  soon  in\ited  to 
become  the  minister  of  the  second  church  and  so- 
ciety, newly  established   in  Dorchester.     IJefore 
accepting  the  invitation,  he  sent  a  letter  to  the 
people,  declaring,  that  in  his  faith  he  was  opjiosed 
to  certain  doctrines,  which  ho  named,  then  jn-ov- 
alcnt,  and  accorded  in  general  with  tho  old  Mas- 
sachusetts confession  of  1080.     The  jioople  voted 
to  accept  his  letter,  and  said,  "  We  venerate  the 
principles  of  our  forefathers."    He  was  ordained 
Dec.  7,  1808,  so  that  he  was  thirty-nine  years  the 
minister  of  his  church.     His  ordination  sermon 
was    preached  by  his  friend    and   his    motlier's 
pastor,  Mr.  Channing.     For  a  year  he  labored  in 
quietude;    but  the    three  following   years  were 
years  of  controversy,  arising  from  the  loose  reli- 
gious principles  and  customs  of  a  jjortioa  of  his 
people,  and  because  he  would  not  exchange  with 
all  the  ministers  they  wished  to  hoar.     So  great 
■was  their  folly,  that  on  the  Sabbath  they  planted 
eight  men  on  the  pulj)it-stairs,  who  prevented  the 
minister  from  entering  his  pulpit,  into  which  they 
placed  an  intruder,  and  compelled  Mr.  Codnian  to 
preach  on  the  floor  below.     But  this  outrage  was 
so  frowned  upon,  even  by  the  men  of  accordant 
sentiments  in  Boston,  that   the  offenders  were 
compelled  to  sell  out  their  pews,  and  they  left  the 
society  in  peace.    Dr.  Codman  was  a  very  faithful, 
accei^table,  and  successful  minister,  and  had  the 
pleasure  of  seeing  a  great  increase  of  his  church 
and  society.    Inheriting  wealth  from  his  father, 
he  was  able  to  do  much  for  the  religious  interests 
of  Dorchester,  and  for  the   general  objects  of 
Christian  benevolence.    To  Princeton  theological 
seminary  he  gave  a  considerable  sum  of  money ; 
to  Andover  theological  seminary  he  gave  his  ex- 
cellent library  of  several  thousand  volumes.    His 
wife,  Mary  Wheelwright  of  Newburyjiort,  whom 
he  married  Jan.  19,  1813,  survived  trc  compan- 
ion of  her  youth,  the  father  of  her  chii  Iron,  and 
still  lives.     His  father's  sister,  Parncll,  \adow  of 
Ezekiel  Savage  of  Salem,  died  at  his  1  lOuse  in 
184G,  aged  85  ;  her  sister,  Abigail,  died  in  1843. 
A  memoir  of  Dr.  Codman,  by  his  early  friend,  the 
author  of  this  Dictionary,  was  published,  together 
■with  reminiscences  by  another  friend.  Dr.  Joshua 
Dates,  with  six  select  sermons,  8vo.,  18u3,  with  a 


COFFIN. 

portrait:  onr  of  the  most  beautifully  jmnted 
books  of  the  day.  lie  published  sermons  on 
various  occasions,  1834  ;  a  narrative  of  a  visit  to 
England,  18;j(! ;  and  many  separate  sermons. 

COFFEE,  Joiix,  general,  died  near  I'lorence, 
Alabama,  July  7,  1833,  aged  Gl.  He  fought  in 
various  Indian  battles,  serving  under  Jackson. 
At  l']muehfaw  he  was  shot  througli  the  body;  yet 
afterwards  he  rose  from  his  litter  and  mounted 
his  horse  to  repel  an  assault  on  our  retiring  army. 
His  death  was  caused  by  disease  of  the  lungs, 
contracted  at  Washington  in  the  jircceding  win- 
ter.—  AGen.  John  Coffee  died  in  183G,  a  member 
of  congress  from  Georgia. 

COFFEE,  John,  a  slave,  born  in  Africa,  died 
in  Norfolk,  Va.,  Jan.  2,  183G,  aged  about  120. 

COFFIN,  Pali,,  D.  I).,  a  minister  in  Maine, 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  17oi),  and 
was  settled  the  first  minister  of  Buxton,  then 
called  "  Narragansett,  No.  i  "  in  March,  17G3. 
Having  preached  fifty-four  years,  he  received  Levi 
Loring  as  his  colleague  in  Nov.,  1817,  and  died 
June,  1821,  aged  8o.  He  published  Mass.  elec- 
tion sermon,  1799. 

COFFIN,  Charles,  Dr.,  died  at  Newburyport 
May,  1821,  aged  80. 

COFFIN,  NAvn.vxiEL,  M.  D.,  a  jihysician  in 
Portland,  died  Oct.  18,  182G,  aged  82.  He  was 
the  son  of  Dr.  Nathaniel  Coffin,  who  came  from 
Newburyport  to  Portland  in  1738,  and  died  of 
tho  palsy  in  Jan.,  17GG,  aged  50,  and  a  descendant 
of  Tristram  Coffin,  who  came  to  this  coimtry  in 
1G42,  and  after  living  at  Newbury,  died  at  Nan- 
tucket in  1C81.  He  was  born  !May  3,  1744.  His 
medical  studios  were  completed  in  the  hospitals 
of  London.  His  long  life  of  professional  services 
was  sjjent  in  Portland.  By  his  wife,  the  daughter 
of  Isaac  Foster  of  Charlestown,  he  had  eleven 
children.  He  was  the  first  president  of  the  Maine 
medical  society.  As  a  surgeon  he  was  jiarticu- 
larly  skilful  and  eminent.  As  to  his  religion,  he 
united  forty  years  before  his  death  in  the  Unita- 
rian faith  of  Dr.  Freeman  of  Boston,  and  was 
afterwards  a  member  of  the  church  of  the  first 
parish  in  Portland. —  Thac/iei's  Medical  Tiiog. 

COFFIN,  Alexander,  mayor  of  Hudson,  died 
Jan.  11,  1839,  aged  98.  Born  in  Nantucket  in 
1740,  he  was  the  last  of  the  original  settlers  of 
Hudson,  N.  Y.,  in  1784 :  a  man  of  talents  and 
usefulness. 

COFFIN,  John  Goriiam,  JI.  I).,  a  physician 
in  Boston,  died  at  Brookfiold  in  Jan.,  1829,  aged 
59.  He  jjublished  a  treatise  on  cold  and  warm 
battling,  12mo.,  1818;  on  medical  education,  1822. 

COFFIN,  Isaac,  judge,  died  at  Nantucket  Dec. 
24,  1841,  aged  77.  He  was  judge  of  probate; 
and  a  man  of  benevolence  and  urbanity. 

COFFIN,  Robert  S.,  a  poet,  ilied  May  7, 1827, 
aged  about  30.  He  was  the  son  of  Ebenezer 
Colliu,  minister  of  Brunswick,  Maine,  and  bora 


COFFIN. 


COGSWELL. 


245 


about  the  year  1797.    As  his  father  soon  removed  I 
to  Xowl)iiryi)ort,  ho  was  tlicru  appronticod  to  a 
printer.     He  he;i;an  to  indite  jioeiry  at  an  early  : 
aff}.     In  the  war  he  was  a  sailor,  and  found  him- 1 
self  a  prisoner  on  board  a  Itritish  frigate.     After  I 
the  war  he  pursued  his  business  as  a  printer  at 
Uoston,  New    York,  and    I'hihideliihia,  sendin}? 
forth  also  occasional  jjieces  of  jjoetry  under  the  i 
name  of  "the  Uoston  IJard."     In  March,  lHJ(J,he  j 
was  in  New  York,  in  sickness  and  ])overty,  and  ( 
with  the  wretchedness  of  sclt'-reproach  for    his 
misconduct.    He   had  been  in   habits  of  iiitem- 
j)erance.      Some   benevolent   ladies   and   others 
assisted  him  to  return  to  his  destitute,  widowed 
mother  and  sister  in  Massachusetts.     In  Uoston 
some  sympathy  was  awakened  by  his  distresses. 
After  many  months  of  extreme  sufferinj;  he  died 
at  llowley,  and  was  buried  at  Newbury  Old  Town, 
as   the   ])lacc   is  eontradictiously  called    by  tlie 
inhabitants.     lie  was  buried  by  the  side  of  his 
father,  whose  example  unhappily  was  of  no  ben- 
efit to  the  son.    Ilis  ])oetical  pieces  were  collected 
and  published  in  a  volume  in  1820.    llis  last  jiro- 
duction  breathed  the  wish,  that  he  might  die  the 
death  of  the  righteous.  —  Specimens  Aiiieiicaii 
Poetry,  II.  109. 

COFFIN,  Charles,  I).  D.,  died  at  Greenville, 
East  Tennessee,  in  June,  18j3,  aged  nearly  78. 
Born  in  Nowburyport,  he  graduated  at  Cambridge 
in  1793  J  was  president  of  Greenville,  then  of 
Knoxville  college;  and  liad  lived  in  Tennessee 
fifty  years.  He  published  a  sermon  on  obedience 
to  God. 

COGGESIIALL.  John,  first  jjrcsidentof  Rhode 
Island,  was  a  rejircsentativc  of  Boston  in  the  first 
court  in  May,  1G34,  and  in  various  courts  after- 
wards. His  name  was  written  Coxeall.  Being 
exiled  from  Mass.  in  March,  1638,  he  joined  his 
companions  in  persecution  at  Rhode  Island,  and 
was  chosen  governor  in  1G47.  Jer.  Clarke  suc- 
ceeded him  the  next  year.  His  descendants 
remain  to  the  present  day.  —  Savaye's  Wiulhrop, 
I.  130. 

COGSWELL,  James,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Wind- 
ham, Conn.,  died  Jan.  2,  1807,  aged  87.  He  was 
born  in  Saybrook,  Jan.  G,  1720.  In  his  childhood 
his  parents  removed  to  Lebanon,  where  they 
remained  till,  in  their  old  age,  he  with  filial  affec- 
tion took  them  to  his  own  house.  He  was  grad- 
uated at  Yale  college  in  1742,  and,  while  a  mem- 
ber of  that  institution,  at  the  time  of  the  general 
revival  of  religion  through  America,  he  became 
experimentally  acquainted  with  the  truth  as  it  is 
in  Jesus.  Forming  the  resolution  to  devote  his 
life  to  the  service  of  the  Redeemer,  he  was 
ordaiiied  in  1744  jjustor  of  the  first  church  in 
Canterbury.  In  1771  he  was  removed  from  this 
charge.  But  early  in  the  following  year  he  was 
installed  mhiistcr  of  Scotland,  a  parish  in  the 
town  of  Wiiidliam,  where  he  continued  until  Dec, 


1804.  The  infirmities  of  iif,'e  now  rendering  him 
incajjubh'  of  public  service,  lie  found  a  retreat  for 
the  remainder  of  his  life  in  the  family  of  his  son, 
Dr.  Mason  Fitch  Cogswell  of  Ilartford.  His 
own  filial  ]>iety  was  now  repnid  him.  His  wife's 
name  was  Fitch.  His  father  was  Samuel;  his 
mother  was  .Vuiie,  dauj;liter  of  Cajit.  Mason 
of  ],el)anoii  or  Norwich,  lie  was  in  early  lifedis- 
linguished  for  his  learning,  and  he  retained  it  in 
his  old  age.  His  temper  was  cheerful  and  social, 
and  benevolence  shone  in  his  counienance. 
Under  heavy  alilietions  he  was  submissive,  ador- 
ing the  sovereignty  of  God.  His  preaching  was 
generally  ]ilain  and  practical,  addressed  to  the 
understandings  and  consciences  of  his  hearers. 
On  the  great  doctrines  of  the  gosjjel,  which  he 
inculcated,  he  built  his  own  hope  of  a  blessed  im- 
mortality, lie  ])ubllshed  a  sermon  jireachcd  at 
the  funeral  of  Solonion  Williams,  177(i,  2(1  edi- 
tion, 18()(>.  —  PuiKijilisI,  II.  o.Sl-o83;  l'iscala(iiia 
I'h'dHijeUritl  Mili/fiziiir,  III.  190. 

COGSWICLL,'  Mason  Fin  h,  M.  D.,  son  of  the 
])receding,  was  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1780, 
and,  alter  studying  ])hysic,  settled  at  Hartford. 
In  1812  be  was  chosen  ])resideiit  of  the  Connec- 
ticut nil  ilieal  society,  and  held  the  oflice  ten  years. 
He  ditd  Dec,  1830,  aged  (>',).  As  a  physician  he 
was  distinguished,  and  as  a  surgeon  he  had  few 
ecpials.  ]  )r.  Cogswell  first  formed  the  design  of 
an  establishment  for  the  education  of  the  deaf 
and  diunl)  In  this  country.  His  symjiathy  for 
them  had  been  awakened  by  the  unfortunate  con- 
dition of  his  own  daughter.  The  asylum  for  the 
deaf  and  dumb,  at  Hartford,  commenced  by  Mr. 
Gallaudet,  is  to  be  ascribed  in  a  considerable  de- 
gree to  the  exertions  of  Dr.  Cogswell.  It  is 
remarkable,  that  his  own  deaf  and  dumb  daughter 
survived  her  father  only  a  few  weeks,  her  heart 
being  broken  by  the  event  of  his  removal.  ^Irs. 
Sigourney,  in  a  \ncce  upon  her  death,  supposes 
Alice  Cogswell  to  say  to  some  of  her  relatives : 

"Sisters!  tlicro 's  imisic here ; 
From  coiintlcRs  liarps  It  flows 
Throughout  this  wide,  celestial  sphere. 
Nor  piuse  nor  discord  knows. 
The  will  Is  melted  tirom  my  ear 
l!y  love  divine  i 

And  wlmt  thrmiKh  life  I  pined  to  hear 
Is  mine!  is  ndne! 

The  wiirhlinn  of  an  ever  tuneful  choir, 
And  tlie  full,  deep  response  of  David's  golden  lyre. 
Dill  the  kind  earth  hide  from  me 
Her  lirokeii  hiirniony, 

Thiit  thus  the  melodies  of  Heaven  might  roll 
And  whelm  In  deeper  tides  of  bliss  my  wondering  soul?" 

COGSWELL,  William,  I).  D.,  died  in  Gil- 
manton,  N.  H.,  April  18,  1850,  aged  G2.  He  was 
the  son  of  Dr.  William  C,  of  Atkinson,  and 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1811.  He  was  de- 
scended from  John,  of  London,  who  came  to  Ips- 
wich about  1035.  His  grandfather  was  Nathan- 
iel, who,  by  his  wife  Judith  Badger,  had  eighteen 


246 


COIT. 


COLBURN. 


or  nineteen  children,  and  died  at  Atkinson  March 
23,  1783,  nged  70.  His  fatlier  died  Jan.  1,  1«:J1, 
aged  70.  For  fourteen  years  he  was  ])astorof  the 
south  church  in  Dedham.  In  1832  lie  was  secre- 
tary of  the  American  education  society ;  for 
three  years  lie  was  jirofessor  of  history  at  Dart- 
mouth ;  and  then  jirofessor  of  theoloj^y  at  Gil- 
manton.  His  wife  was  a  dauj^hter  of  liev.  J. 
Strong  of  ]{and()lj)h.  His  only  son,  Wm.  Strong 
Cogswell,  died  while  a  member  of  college.  He 
published  a  manual  of  theology  and  devotion- 
the  Christian  ])liiIaiitlirojjist ;  the  theological  class- 
book  ;  and  was  editor  of  the  American  quarterly 
register,  the  N.  H.  reiiository,  and  the  N.  E.  histor- 
ical register. 

COIT,  Joseph,  the  first  minister  of  Plainfield, 
Conn.,  died  July  1, 17o0,  aged  76,  in  the  forty- 
fifth  year  of  his  ministry.  He  was  a  graduate  of 
Har\'ard  in  1G97,  and  he  had  an  honorary  degree 
at  Yale  in  its  first  year,  1702. 

COIT,  JoxATiLVN,  died  in  Xcw  London  in  Dec, 
1855,  leaving  projierty  to  the  amount  of  300,000 
dollars,  of  which  he  bequeathed  about  50,000  to 
charitable  uses.  He  gave  30,000  dollars  to  be 
divided  among  eight  Congregational,  Episcopal, 
Baptist,  and  Methodist  churches  in  New  London 
for  the  supjiort  of  their  ministers ;  10,000  dollars 
for  the  jioor  in  the  alms-house ;  and  2500  to  the 
N.  L.  seamen's  friend  society. 

COKE,  Thomas,  LL.  D.,  a  Methodist  bishop  in 
the  United  States,  was  born  in  Wales  in  1747, 
and  educated  at  Oxford.  At  the  university  he 
was  a  deist.  He  afterwards  was  a  curate  in  Som- 
ersetshire. By  reading  Witherspoon  on  regen- 
eration, he  was  convinced  that  he  needed  a  new 
heart.  His  first  interview  with  Mr.  Wesley  was 
in  177G ;  he  became  his  assistant  in  1780.  In 
Sept.,  1784,  he  sailed  for  New  York,  and  com- 
municated in  America  the  new  i)lan  of  govern- 
ment and  discipline,  which  ^Ir.  W.  had  drawn, 
and  which  still  binds  the  great  body  of  Metho- 
dists. In  1786  he  established  missions  in  the 
West  Indies.  In  the  subsequent  year  he  repeat- 
edly visited  the  United  States ;  for  the  last  time 
in  1804.  He  sailed  for  Ceylon  with  six  preachers 
Dec.  31,  1813,  but  died  suddenly  on  liis  passage, 
May  3,  1814,  aged  66  years,  being  in  the  morning 
found  dead  in  his  cabin.  On  his  passage  he 
wrote  several  sermons  in  Portuguese,  ''.at  his 
usefulness  might  be  increased  in  .\sia.  1  i  is  pious 
zeal  may  well  shame  the  slothfuliiess  of  Chris- 
tians, if  such  they  can  be  called,  who  do  nothing 
for  the  diffusion  of  the  gospel  in  the  world.  He 
published  a  history  of  the  West  Indies ;  a  com- 
mentary on  the  Scri])ture8.  —  Chrisfian  Visitant. 

COLBERT,  Pitman,  major,  a  Chickasaw  In- 
dian, died  near  fort  Towson  Eeb,  24,  1853,  aged 
96,  wealthy,  and  of  influence  in  his  tribe,  an  ad- 
vocate of  Christian  education. 

COLBURN,  Lewis,  captain,  died  at  Dedham 


in  1843,  aged  91,  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution;  he 
fought  at  the  first  battle,  Ajiril  19,  1775. 

COLBURN,  W,uiki;n,  died  at  Lowell  Sejit.  15, 
1833,  aged  40,  su])erintendent  of  the  Merrimack 
manufacturing  company.  He  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1820,  and  was  a  man  of  talents  and  ex- 
cellent character.  He  published  treatises  on 
aiithmetic  and  algebra,  and  other  valuable  books 
of  education. 

COLBURN,  Zeraii,  died  at  Norwich,  Vt., 
March  2,  1839,  aged  34.  He  was  born  at  Cabot, 
Vt.,  Sept  1,  1804.  When  nearly  six  yeors  old,  in 
Aug.,  1810,  he  began  to  manifest  wonderful  jiow- 
ers  of  arithmetical  comjiutation.  His  father, 
Abia,  exhibited  him  at  Boston  in  Nov.,  and  in 
1812  in  London.  Being  asked  the  number  of 
seconds  since  the  Christian  era,  in  1813  years,  7 
months,  27  days,  he  answered  correctly,  57,234,- 
384,000.  Being  asked  the  square  root  of  100,929, 
he  immediately  answered  327.  Asked  the  cube 
root  of  208,336,125,  he  readily  answered  045. 
After  proceeding  to  Ireland,  and  Scotland,  and 
Paris,  he  returned  to  London  in  1810.  For  three 
years  he  was  at  Westminster  school  j  afterwards 
lie  was  a  teacher.  His  father  dying  in  London  in 
1824,  he  returned  to  this  country.  In  July,  1825, 
he  joined  the  Congregational  church  in  Burling- 
ton, but  soon  became  a  ^lethodist  minister,  and 
was  for  several  years  an  itinerant  preacher.  He 
lost  his  power  of  calculation  before  he  left  Eng- 
land. As  a  ijreacher  he  disjilayed  no  uncommon 
talent.  He  published  his  own  memoir  in  1833. 
Some  other  results  of  his  remarkable  faculty 
when  a  boy  of  eight  or  nine  years  and  afterwards 
are  the  following  :  Being  asked  the  factors  which 
produce  247,483,  he  answered  941  and  203  j 
which  arc  indeed  its  only  two  factors.  Being 
asked  for  the  factors  of  30,083,  he  immediately 
replied  that  it  had  none.  Now  the  dark  mystery 
is,  how  the  boy  could  reach  these  true  conclusions 
by  the  rapid  action  of  his  mind  ?  Being  asked 
the  factors  of  171,395,  he  mentioned  the  seven 
pairs  of  factors  which  will  produce  that  number, 
as  5  X  34,279,  etc.  The  French  mathematicians 
had  said,  that  4,294,967,297  (=2*''-M)  was  a 
prime  number  having  no  factors.  But  Colburn 
announced  the  factors  041  x  6,700,417.  Being 
asked  to  give  the  square  of  999,999,  he  said  he 
could  not  directly,  but  he  accomi)lished  it  by 
miiltijilying  37,037  by  itself,  and  that  jiroduct 
twice  by  27  ;  the  answer  being  999,998,000,001. 
How  could  the  child  discover  all  this  ?  He  added 
thai  he  could  multijily  this  twice  by  49  and  once 
by  25,  giving  the  final  jiroduct,  00,024,879,950,- 
000,025.  It  was  not  by  inspiration  that  he  did 
this,  but  by  wonderful  mental  j)rocesses  and  as- 
tonishing j)ower8  of  memory  as  to  figures,  as  was 
judged  by  the  motion  of  his  lips  and  by  liis  ner- 
vous indications.  So  rapid  was  his  process,  that, 
when  less  than  seven  years  old,  when  asked  how 


COLBY. 


COLDEN. 


24T 


many  dnys  nntl  hours  in  1811  years,  he  answered  '  and,  havinp;  practised  i)hysic  for  some  years  with 
in  twenty  seconds, GO  1,01.5  days,  lo,H04,.'JG0  liours.  considoraMc'  rcjiutation,  lie  returned  to  Kngland, 
How  many  seconds  in  11  years?  lie  answered  wliich  he  found  >;reutly  distracted  in  consecjucnco 
in  four  seconds,  iJ4(),H96,()0().  In  some  of  hi.s  of  the  troubles  of  ITl.j.  While  in  London  ho 
easier  labors  he  was  able,  after  two  or  three  ;  M'as  introduced  to  ])r.  Hnlley,  who  was  so  well 
years,  to  ex|)laiu  the  ])rocess.  For  instance,  in  ])leased  with  a  ])a]ier  of  his  on  animal  secretions, 
extractinfj;  roots;  if  the  scjuaro  consisted  of  five  that  he  read  it  before  the  royal  society,  the  notice 
figures,  as  92,110,  he  first  sou>{ht  a  nuinl)er  ,  of  which  it  f!;reaily  attracted.  At  this  time  ho 
scjuared,  which  would  jiroduco  the  two  last  fif;-  formed  an  actiurintance  with  some  of  the  mo.^t 
ures,  and  that  is  04.  Next  he  soiifj;ht  a  number,  \  distiufjiiished  literary  characters  of  I'.ngland,  with 
which,  when  squared,  would  f^ive  the  first  tii,'ur(!  j  whom  he  afterwards  corresponded,  (^iviiif?  them 
of  the  square,  or  come  nearest  under  it ;  ami  '  curious  and  useful  inteilifjence  respecting  a  part 
that  is  ;j.  Putting  them  together,  1504  is  the  of  the  world  then  but  little  known, 
number  sought.  Hut  how  did  the  boy  discover  Governor  Hunter,  of  Xew  York,  conceived  so 
this  rule?     His  more  arduous  processes  he  could  !  favorable   an   o])iuion  of  him,  after  a  short   ac- 


not  explain.  At  the  age  of  twelve  he  was  al)le  to 
explain  the  rajnd  mental  j)roccss  by  which  he 
multi])lied  two  numbers,  as  4791  and  23M,  and 
obtained  the  result  1,14(),"<3H.  It  was  by  twelve 
distinct  midtiplications  and  eleven  additions  and 
some  other  mental  acts,  his  memory  retaining 
the  sum  as  it  grew,  until  it  reached  the  result. 
Ho  first  multijilied  4000  by  200,  then  700  and  90 
and  1  by  the  same,  adding  ihe  results  as  he  i)ro- 
ceedod ;  then  he  multiplied  them  by  30  and 
by  H,  adding  the  results.  For  this,  what  a  won- 
derful faculty  of  memory  must  have  been  jios- 
fiessed ! 

COLBY,  PlliMP,  died  in  North  ^.Llddloborough 
Feb.  27,  18ol,  aged  72,  having  been  the  minister 
thirty-1'our  years,  higlily  resjiected  and  useful 


quaintancc,  that  he  became  his  warm  friend,  and 
offered  his  patronage,  if  he  would  remove  to  New 
York.  In  171M  lie  therefore  settled  in  that  city. 
He  was  the  first  who  filled  the  office  of  surveyor- 
general  in  tlic  colony.  He  received  also  the  ap- 
[lointment  of  master  in  chancery.  In  1720,  on 
the  arrival  of  (iov.  liurnet,  he  was  honored  with 
a  seat  in  the  king's  council  of  the  |)rovince.  He 
afterwards  rose  to  the  head  of  th.is  board,  and  in 
that  station  succeded  to  the  administration  of  the 
government  in  1700.  He  had  previously  obtained 
a  patent  for  a  tract  of  land  about  nine  miles  from 
Xewburgh,  on  Hudson's  river;  ,uid  to  this  place, 
which  in  his  patent  is  called  Coldingham,  or  Cold- 
eniiam,  he  retired  with  his  family  about  the  year 
17.J.J.     There  lie  undertook  to  clear  and  cultivate 


COLIJY,  Maria  Oti.s,  died  at  Middleborough  '  a  small  part  of  the  tract  as  a  farm,  and  his  attcn- 
May  20,  1821,  aged  33,  wife  of  the  ])rcceding.  tion  was  divided  between  agricultural  and  philo- 
She  was  the  daughter  of  Gen.  Josejih  Otis,  of  j  sojjhieal  pursuits,  and  the  duties  of  his  office  of 
Barnstable,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  became  a  j  stn-veyor-g(nieral.     The   sj)ot   which   he   had  se- 


member  of  the  church  under  Ilev.  O.  Shaw.  She 
was  married  Jan.  1,  1818.  She  wa.s  distinguished 
by  her  intellectual  character,  her  temiier,  beauty, 
and  manners,  and  was  ftiithful  in  her  new  sphere. 
The  gospel,  which  she  zealously  endeavored  to 
send  out  to  the  dar'.-minded,  cheered  her,  as  she 
went  down  to  the  grave.  She  addressed  earnestly 
each  member  of  her  house,  and  left  messages  for 
her  aged  mother,  for  her  sister  and  four  brothers. 

COJ-HY,  II.  G.  ().,  judge, died  at  Xew  Bedford 
Feb.  22,  1803,  aged  44.  He  was  judge  of  the 
court  of  common  ])Ieas  from  184.5  to  1847,  tiien 
district  attorney  ;  author  of  a  work  on  Practice. 

COLDIOX,  ("Ai)WAi,i,Al)i:u,  a  ])hy8ieian,  bota- 
nist, and  astronomer,  died  at  Xew  York  Sept.  28, 
1770,  aged  88.  He  was  the  son  of  Itev.  Alex. 
Colden  of  Diinse,  in  Scotland,  and  was  born 
Feb.  17,  1088.  After  having  received  a  liberal 
education  under  the  immediate  inspection  of  his 
falher,  ho  went  to  the  university  of  Edinburgh, 
w  acre  he  graduated  in  1705.  Ho  then  applied 
himself  to  medicine  and  mathematics,  and  was 
eminently  distinguished  by  his  proficiency  in  both. 
.VUured  by  the  fame  of  Wm.  Peiin's  colony,  he 
came  over  to  this  country  about  the  year  1708 ; 


lectcd  for  his  retirement  was  entirely  inland,  and 
the  grounds  were  rough,.  At  the  time  he  chose 
it  for  a  residence  it  was  solitary,  inicultivated,  and 
the  country  around  it  absolutely  a  wilderness, 
without  roads,  or  such  only  ns  were  almost  iin- 
pa.ssable.  It  was,  besides,  a  frontier  to  tho  In- 
dians, who  committed  frequent  barbarities.  Yet 
no  entreaties  of  his  friends,  when  they  thought 
him  in  danger  from  his  savage  neighbors,  could 
eiilice  him  from  his  favorite  home.  lie  chose 
rather  to  guard  and  fortify  his  house  ;  and,  amidst 
dangers  which  would  have  disturbed  the  minds  of 
most  men,  he  ajipears  to  have  been  occupied 
without  any  interruption  in  the  jiursuit  of  knowl- 
edge. 

In  1701  ho  was  apjiointed  lieutenant-governor 
of  Xew  York,  and  he  held  this  commission  during 
the  remainder  of  his  life,  being  repeatedly  at  the 
head  of  the  government  in  consequence  of  the 
death  or  absence  of  several  governors.  His  po- 
htical  character  was  rendered  very  conspicuous 
by  the  firmness  of  his  conduct  in  tho  violent 
commotions  which  preceded  the  late  Ilevolution. 
He  possessed  the  supreme  authority  when  the 
paper  to  be  distributed  in  New  York  under  the 


':\ 


248 


COLDEN. 


i 


British  stamp  act  arrived;  and  it  was  put  under 
his  care  in  tho  fortification  called  fort  Oeorf^c, 
•which  was  then  standing  on  liattery  jjoint.  The 
attempt  of  the  JJritish  imrliaiiient  to  raise  a  reve- 
nue, by  taxing  tlie  colonics,  had  in  every  stage 
excited  a  sjiirit  of  indignation  and  resentment, 
which  had  long  hetbre  this  risen  ahove  the  control 
of  government.  At  length  a  multitude,  consist- 
ing of  several  thousand  ])eoj)le,  assembled  under 
leaders  who  were  afterwards  conspicuous  revolu- 
tionary characters,  and  determined  to  make  the 
lieutenant-governor  deliver  uji  the  stamp  jiaper  to 
be  destroyed.  Mr.  t'olden  had  received  intimation 
of  their  design,  and  pre])arcd  to  defend  with  fidel- 
ity the  trust  which  had  devolved  upon  him.  The- 
fort  was  surrounded  on  the  evening  of  Feb.  lit, 
1700,  by  a  vast  concourse  of  ])eo])le,  who  threat- 
cnen  to  massacre  him  and  his  adherents,  if  tho 
paper  was  not  delivered  to  them  j  and,  though  the 
engineers  within  assured  him  that  the  j)lacu  was 
untenable,  and  a  terrified  family  iniiilored  him  to 
regard  his  sal'ety,  he;  jet  jireserved  a  firmness  of 
mind,  and  succeeded  finally  in  securing  the  pa- 
pers on  board  a  IJritish  man-of-war,  then  in  the 
port.  Tho  pojiidace,  in  the  mean  time,  unwilling 
to  i)roceed  to  extremities,  gratified  their  resent- 
ment by  burning  his  effigy  and  destroying  his 
carriages  imder  his  view.  His  administration  is 
rendered  memorable,  amongst  other  things,  by 
several  charters  of  ineorpoi^iioii  for  useftd  and 
benevolont  jjurposes.  'I'he  corj)oration  for  the 
relief  of  distressed  seamen,  called  the  marine  so- 
ciety ;  that  of  the  chamber  of  commerce ;  and 
one  for  the  relief  of  widows  and  children  of  cler- 
gymen, will  transmit  his  name  with  honor  to  pos- 
terity. After  the  return  of  Mr.  Tryon,  tho 
governor,  in  1775,  he  was  relieved  from  the  cares 
of  government.  He  then  retired  to  a  seat  on 
Long  Island,  where  a  recollection  of  his  former 
studies  and  a  few  select  friends,  ever  welcomed  by 
a  sociable  and  hosijitable  disposition,  cheered  him 
in  his  last  days.  ]  [e  died  a  few  hours  before  Now 
York  was  wra[)ped  in  flames,  which  laid  nearly  one- 
fourth  part  of  the  city  in  ashes.  He  complained 
neither  of  pain  of  body  nor  anguish  of  mind, 
cxccjit  on  account  of  the  political  troubles  which 
he  had  long  ijrodicted,  and  which  he  then  saw 
overwhelming  the  country.  His  wife,  Alice  Chris- 
tie, daughter  of  the  minister  of  Kelso  in  Scot- 
land, died  in  1702.  His  so  Alexander,  who 
succeeded  him  as  surveyor-general  and  was  also 
postmaster,  died  Dec,  1774,  aged  58.  His  son 
David,  also  surveyor-general,  a  physician  and  man 
of  letters,  died  hi  England  July,  1784,  aged  51. 
His  grandson,  Thomas  Colden,  died  at  Coldenham 
March,  1820,  aged  72. 

Mr.  Colden  early  began  to  notice  the  j)lants  in 
America,  classing  and  distinguishing  them  ac- 
cording to  the  method  of  botany,  then  in  use. 
He  was  attentive  to  the  climate,  and  left  a  long 


COLDEN. 

course  of  diurnal  observations  on  the  thermom- 
eter, barometer,  and  winds.  He  cultivated  an 
I  acquaintance  with  the  natives  of  the  country,  and 
often  entertained  his  corresiiondents  with  obser- 
vations on  their  customs  and  maimers.  He  wrote 
also  a  history  of  the  prevalent  diseases  of   the 

limate  ;  and,  if  he  was  not  the  first  to  recommend 
the  cooling  regimen  in  the  cure  of  fevers,  he  was 
one  of  its  earhest  and  warmest  advocates,  and  he 
o])posed  with  groat  earnestness  the  shutting  up  in 
varm   and  confined   rooms   of   patients   in   the 

.iiall  ])ox.  Though  he  quitted  the  practice  of 
medicine  at  an  early  day,  yet  ho  never  lost  sight 
of  his  favorite  study,  being  ever  ready  to  give  his 
assistance  to  his  neighborhood,  and  to  those  who, 
from  his  re])iitalion  f()r  knowledge  and  exi)erience, 
a])plied  to  him  from  more  distant  quarters.  His 
l)rincipal  attention,  alter  the  year  1700,  was  di- 
rected from  [jhilosopliical  to  political  matters  j 
yet  he  maintained  with  great  jiunctuality  his  lit- 
erary correspondence,  ])articularly  with  Linnffus, 
Gronovius  of  liCyden,  Dr.  I'ottersfiold  and  Dr. 
Whittle  of  Edinburgh,  and  ^Ir.  I'eter  Collinson, 
who  was  a  most  useful  and  affectionate  friend,  and 
to  whom  Jlr.  Colden,  though  he  never  saw  him, 
owed  an  introduction  to  many  of  the  most  dis- 
tinguished literary  characters  of  Eurojic.  He 
was  the  correspondent  of  Dr.  Franklin,  and  they 
regularly  communiented  to  each  other  their  jihi- 
losophical  and  ])hysical  discoveries,  jiarticularly  on 
electricity,  which  at  that  time  began  to  excite  the 
attention  of  philosophers.  In  their  letters  are  to 
bo  observed  tho  first  dawnings  of  many  of  those 
discoveries  which  Dr.  Frankhu  has  communicated 
to  the  world,  and  v>  hich  have  excited  so  much  as- 
tonishment, and  contributed  so  much  to  human 
happiness.  Of  the  American  philosophical  so- 
ciety ho  first  suggested  the  plan.  It  was  estab- 
lished at  Pliiladelphia  on  account  of  the  central 
and  convenient  situation  of  that  city. 

About  the  year  17415  a  malignant  fever,  then 
called  tho  yellow  fever,  had  raged  for  two  sum- 
mers in  tho  city  of  New  York  ;  and  it  ap])ears  to 
have  been  in  all  respects  similar  to  that  disorder 
which  of  late  years  has  proved  so  very  fatal.  He 
communicated  his  thoughts  to  the  public  on  tho 
most  j)robable  cure  of  the  calamity  in  a  little 
treatise,  in  which  he  enlarged  on  the  bad  effects 
of  stagnating  waters,  moist  air,  damp  collars, 
filthy  stores,  and  dirty  streets  ;  showed  how  nmch 
these  nuisances  ])revailed  in  many  parts  of  the 
city  ;  and  pointed  out  the  remedies.  Tho  corpo- 
ration of  tlie  city  gave  him  their  thanks,  and  estab- 
lisliod  a  jjlan  for  draining  and  cleaning  the  city, 
which  was  attended  with  the  most  hai)])y  effects. 
He  also  wrote  and  published  a  treatise  on  the  cure 
of  the  cancer.  Another  essay  of  his  on  the  virtues 
of  the  bortanice,  or  groat  water  dock,  a  species  of 
rumex,  introduced  him  to  an  acquaintance  with 
LinuocuB.  Li  1753  he  published  some  observations 


COLDEN. 


COLEMAN. 


249 


on  exiilcmlcal  soro  throat,  which  apprnred  first  at 
Kiiif;st()ti,  Mass.,  in  IT.'i'),  and  hud  s|)rcad  over  a 
grc.it  ])art  of  Xorth  America.  Thcso  obHcrvations 
are  re])ul)liNhod  in  the  American  Mnscum. 

When   ho   l)eeame   acquainted  witli   Linnneus' 
nyHteni  of  botany,  he  applied  himself  with  now 
dclijjht  to  that  study.     His  description  of  between 
three  and  four  hundred  American  jilants  was  pub- 
lished in  the  acta  ujjsaliensia.     He  also  published 
the  history  of  the  five  Indian  nations,  and  dedi- 
cated it  to  Gov.  llurnet,  who  had  distinguished 
himself  liy  his  wisdom  and  success  in  the  manage- 
ment of  the  Indians.     The  book  was   printed  at 
London,  1747,  with  the  original  dedication,  in- 
tended for  Gov.  Burnet,  directed  to  Gen.  Ogle- 
thorpe.    Mr.  Golden  justly  complained  of  this  as 
an   un])ardonable  absurdity  of  the  printer,  who 
took  the  further  liberty  of  adding  several  Indian 
treaties  without  liis  knowledge  or  approbation. 
But  the  subject,  which  drew  Mr.  Golden  at  one 
time  of  his  life  from  every  other  pursuit,  was  what 
lie  first  published  under  the  title  of  the  cause  of 
gravitation;    wliich,    being  much    enlarged,  ap- 
peared in   1751  under  the  title  of  the  principles 
of  action  in  matter,  to  which  is  added  a  treatise  on 
fluxions.     lie  died  in  the  firm  persuasion,  that, 
however  lie  might  have  erred  in  the  deductions, 
the  grand   fundamental  principles  of  his  system 
•were  true  j  and  that  they  would  at  length  be  re- 
ceived as  such  in  the  world.    This  book  cost  him 
many  years  of  close  and  severe  study.    lie  pre- 
pared a  new  edition  of  it,  with  elucidations  of  such 
jiarts  as  had  been  subjected  to  objections,  and 
with  large  additions.    At  the  time  it  was  prepared 
for  the  press,  he  was  so  far  advanced  in  years 
that  he  despaiied  of  living  to  see  it  published. 
1  le  therefore  transmitted  the  manuscripts  to  Dr. 
Whittle,  professor  of  medicine  in  the  university  of 
Edinburgh.    The  fate  of  the  work  since  that  time 
is  not  known.     Of  his  other  manuscripts,  many, 
through  the  variety  of  hands  into  wliich  they  have 
fallen,  have  become  mutilated,  and  a  great  part  of 
some  of  them  is  entirely  lost.    Among  these  are 
an  inquiry  into  the  operation  of  intellect  in  ani- 
mals, a  piece  of  great  orginalityj  another  on  the 
essential  jirojierties  of  light,  interspersed  with  ob- 
servations on  electricity,  heat,  matter,  etc.;  an  in- 
troduction to  the  study  of  physic,  in  the  form  of 
instructions  to  one  of  his  grandsons,  and  dated  in 
the  eighty-first  year  of  his  age ;  an  inquiry  into 
the  causes,  producing  the  phenomenon  of  metal 
medley  swimming  in  water;    an  essay  on  \ital 
motion  ;  and,  lastly,  observations  on  Mr.  Smith's 
history  of  New  York,  comprehending  memoirs  of 
the  public  transactions,  in  which  he  was  conver- 
sant.    He  complains   of  the  partiality  of  Mr. 
Smith,  and  supposes  that  he  is  incorrect  in  many 
particulars.  —  Bees ;    American   Museum,   m. 
03-59. 
GOLDEN,  Cadwallader  D.,  died  in  Jersey 


city  Jan.  7,  1331,  aged  0.5.  He  was  long  an  emi- 
nent lawyer  in  New  York ;  mayor  of  tlic  city  j 
and  a  member  of  congress.  He  pubUshed  a 
memoir  of  Itobert  Fulton. 

GOLK,  James  L.,  a  poet,  died  at  Ganandaigua, 
N.  Y.,  in  Feb.,  1823,  aged  21.  His  repugnance 
to  mercantile  business  induced  him  to  engage  in 
the  study  of  the  law,  in  the  practice  of  x  'lich  ho 
established  himself  at  Detroit  in  1821.  A  pulmo- 
nary affection  induced  liim  to  return  to  his  father's 
roof.  About  three  years  before  his  death  he  made 
a  public  profession  of  liis  attachment  to  the  Sav- 
iour of  the  world.  For  several  of  his  last  yeara 
he  devoted  much  time  to  poetical  composition. 
His  productions  apjieared  in  the  New  York 
Statesman,  and  in  the  Ontario  llepository,  with 
the  signature  of  "  Adiian."  I  le  had  fancy,  genius, 
and  taste,  and  was  virtuous  and  pious,  though  he 
had  occasion  to  lament  the  jiredominance  of  his 
imagination  and  his  propensity  to  satire. 

GOLE,  Goi.Kri'A,  a  colored  woman,  died  at 
New  London  alms-house  in  1844,  aged  110. 

GOLE,  Thomas,  an  eminent  painter,  died  at 
Gatskill  Feb.  11, 1847,  aged  46.  He  was  bom  in 
England,  although  his  parents  had  ])reviously 
lived  in  America ;  and  in  his  childhood  they  re- 
turned hither,  residing  in  Philadel])hia  and  Ohio. 
He  early  indicated  a  taste  for  painting,  but  had  no 
instruction,  until  at  length  a  travelling  painter, 
Stein,  gave  him  some  aid  and  guidance  in  his  art. 
In  his  rambling  life  he  reached  Philadelphia, 
where  he  painted  transparencies  on  occasion  of 
Lafayette's  visit.  Thence  he  went  to  New  York. 
In  the  course  of  time  his  friends  enabled  him  to 
visit  Italy.  On  his  return  he  fixed  his  residence 
amid  the  magnificent  scenery  of  the  Hudson.  He 
was  a  landscape  painter.  He  painted  the  "  Gourse 
of  Empire,"  the  "  Voyage  of  Life,"  and  "  Past 
and  Present."  His  view  of  the  falls  was  pur- 
chased by  Gol,  Trumbull ;  Dunlap  and  Durand 
were  also  his  friends.  He  wrote  much  poetry. 
Some  of  his  prose  pieces  were  published  in  the 
Literary  World.  Bryant  wrote  a  sonnet  on  his 
going  to  Europe.  —  Noble's  Life  of  Cole;  Cyc- 
lopedia of  American  Lit.,  II.  318. 

GOLE,  N.  W.,  M.  D.,  died  in  Burlington,  N.  J., 
July  18,  1848,  aged  73  years.  He  was  the  prin- 
cipal physician  for  half  a  century. 

GOLE,  Thomas,  a  teacher  in  Amherst,  N.  H., 
and  afterwards,  for  many  years,  of  a  celebrated 
female  school  in  Salem,  Mass.  He  died  in 
Salem  June  24,  1852,  aged  72.  He  was  a  grad- 
uate of  Harvard  in  1798. 

GOLEMAN,  Setii,  a  physician  in  Amherst, 
Mass.,  died  Sept.  9,  1815,  aged  75.  Bom  in 
Hatfield,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  17G5.  He  was 
long  a  useful  physician,  and  also  a  deacon  in  the 
chiurch,  eminent  for  piety.  His  first  wife  was 
Sarah  Beecher  of  New  Haven,  by  whom  he  had 


IJ 


250 


COLF.MAN. 


eight  ehlldron  j  his  '<  '.'oiid  wn.s  ATrs.  }''.unIco  AVnr- 
ncr  of  Iladlt"  .  llis  mi'inoirs  v.L're  jjijlillslicd  -i 
1817. 

COLEMAN,  Wii.l.lAM,  editor  of  tho  New  York 
Evoniiig  Tout,  died  Jidy  l.'j,  ISi'O,  «,-;■(!  (V.i.  lie  was 
for  mony  years  the  nlilc  editor  of  a  jiajier,  first  in 
Ilainjjshire  county,  Mass.,  and  tlienin  New  York. 
In  his  politics  he  was  a  zc  dons  federalist  of  the 
Bchool  of  Hamilton,  and  ilent  in  ii's  warfare. 
His  only  son,  William  Ilemy,  died  at  New  York 
July,  18;{0,  a^ed  ;.';{. 

COLEMAN,  ■\Vn,M.\M  A.,  died  in  New  York 
Jan  27,  IHoO,  uj^cd  GO.  lie  was  ahookselkr.  and 
for  thirty  years  connected  with  literature  and  art. 

COLKMAN,  OliKl)  ^L,  inventor  of  th u  n'oliau 
attachment  to  the  piano-forte,  died  at  barato^a 
April  6,  181'),  aged  28.  lie  was  a  memher  of 
•  the  Preshyteri;'!!  c?i\n-cli.  On  his  marhle  monu- 
ment is  this  pus: .  go  ;  "As  well  the  singers  as  the 
players  on  iijstrunients  shall  ho  there."  lie  died 
of  the  measles,  viuglit  hi  New  York,  iifiev  Intense 
Buffering  hit  unc'.ui'laining,  saying  he  w.is  j  (  r- 
fcotly  willin;.:  ;■■  leave  nil  fov  Chiist.  He  i.  ;s 
born  at  Barnstable  Juii,  23,  18)7,  ir"(iorman  and 
English  parents.  At  the  age  ol  ^;^U'en  };o  lived 
at  New  Bedford.  ]jy  selling  his  invciiMOi^  .  i  the 
automaton  lady  minstrel  and  siiiyin;f  ;i;l  for  f-'iO 
dollar.s,  he  was  relieved  from  e.\tre:.n.  ;r)vcrty. 
About  1842  lie  removed  *o  iSamtoga,  sriil  hucnted 
hi.3  attachment ,  which  he  rold  'h:  v.vtrc  than  lOO,- 
000  dollars  here,  and  for  lil,(;(iO  iu  England,  from 
which  country  he  returned  in  Jan.,  181,5. 

COLLAMOIIE,  JuiiN,  died  in  Ken.sington, 
N.  IL,  Dec.  29,  182*3,  .  ;•, 'd  110  years  and  four 
mouths,  lie  was  a  native  of  Ireland.  His  hair, 
■whitii  had  been  silvery  whitt,  became  before  his 
death  jicirly  black. 

COLLI. TON,  James,  governor  of  South  Caro- 
lina from  l(>8f>  to  1G90,  came  from  Barbadocs, 
and  was  proi'-"  tary  and  landgrave.  He  built  a 
fine  house  on  Cuoper  river.  His  government  was 
very  unpopular.  There  were  disputes  concerning 
ienures  of  land  and  quit-rents.  In  1G87  he  called 
i.  parlii'.ment  and  procured  alterations  in  the  funda- 
rrnntal  I.sws.  lie  offended  the  high  church  party, 
T.'ho  were  inflamed  with  zeal  against  the  Puritans. 
In  the  end  he  was  driven  from  the  government 
and  the  province.  —  Vniv.  Hist.  XL.  426. 

COLLINS,  Jonx,  governor  of  Rhode  Island 
from  178G  to  1789,  succeeded  AVm.  Greene,  and 
was  succeeded  by  A.  Fenner.  He  was  a  jiatriot 
of  the  Eevolution ;  a  delegate  to  congress  in 
1789.  He  died  at  Newport  in  March,  1795,  aged 
78.  Dr.  John  Warren,  of  Boston,  married  his 
daughter. 

COLLINS,  Natiiaxiki-,  minister  of  Jliddle- 
town.  Conn.,  died  in  1GS4,  aged  42  ;  a  graduate 
of  Harvard  in  IGGO.  He  was  the  son  of  Deacon 
Edward  C.  of  Cambridge.  He  married  Mary, 
daughter  of  ^Villiam  Whiting,  tho  first  settler  of 


COLMAN. 

;i.  I'tford;  she  died  in  1700.  Ilis  son  John 
ni  I  'icd  .Mary,  daughter  of  the  regicide.  Judge 
Dixrt-ell. 

('f)l.LINS,  Natiianiix,  the  first  minister  of 
llniioid,  Conn.,  died  Feb.  0,  I'.W,  aged  79.  Ho 
w:is  the  son  of  the  |)receding.  He  graduated  at 
('aml)ridge  in  1097.  His  wife  was  Alice,  da\igh- 
ter  of  Kc.  William  Adams  of  Dedliam  i  she  died 
Feb.  19,  17.'jj.  His  daughter,  Ann,  inunied 
Fi.iiraim  Terry  of  Enfield,  and  was  the  gimid- 
n,'  ;her  of  Seth  Terry  of  Hartford.  Hi-  l/rof!  •.  r- 
iii  i::w,  Itev.  Mr.  Whiting  of  Windhai.i  died  „i 
his  I'.ouse. 

COLLINS,  Timothy,  the  first  mi  li-'er  of 
LitcJjlield,  died  u'  1777  aged  a' out  80.  l.orn  iu 
Gui!;'ord,  he  gradu^iled  at  Y'd.I.:  in  171  ■,  and 
l)reachi".i  at  L.  from  )721  to  1702,  vhen  ho  wag 
disniisfii'i  fit  hi.^  ov.r,  request.  He  afterwards 
prac'ised  physic. 

COLLINS,  H.vxiKt,  th?  fir>^»  ■.linistcr  of  Lanes- 
borough,  y  !«s.,  died  Xv;.  i;(l,  IK:;:',  aged  8.3. 
Burn  in  Guilford,  Conn.,  he  gr  aluated  nt  Yale  'ii 
1700,  and  was  ordained  April  '7,  l','lls  the  s-nuc 
council  orda'ncd  the  next  day  Kev.  T.  Allen,  In 
the  idjoiiiing  town  of  J'ittsfield.  Ilev.  J.  Lo 
\YiU  was  a  colleague  in  1812. 

COLLINS,  Aauox  Cooki;,  minister  of  Williston, 
v.,  and  of  Bloomfield,  N.  Y.,  died  18,'JO,  aged 
,d)out  06.  He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1780.  His 
^^ife  was  Love  Lee,  daughter  of  Kov.  Jonathan  Lee 
of  Salisliury  by  his  second  wife,  i.o'.e  Graham 
Brinkerhoff. 

COLMAN,  Bexjamix,  D.  D.,  firs*  minister 
of  the  church  in  Brattle  street,  Boston,  died  Aug. 
29,  1747,  aj^ed  73.  Born  in  Boston  hi  '073,  he 
was  distinguished  by  early  piety  and  zeai  in  liter- 
ary pursuits,  and  in  1G92  w-as  graduated  at  Har- 
vard college.  Beginning  to  j)reach  soon  after- 
wards, his  l)onevolent  labors  were  enjoyed  for  half 
a  year  i)y  the  town  of  Mcdford.  In  .July,  lG9j,  he 
embarked  for  London.  During  the  voyage  the 
ship,  iu  which  he  sailed,  was  attacked  by  a  French 
privateer,  and  Mr.  Colman,  though  he  had  none 
of  tho  j.-rcsumptuous  fearlessness  of  some  of  his 
compr.::ions,  yet  remained  upon  the  quarter-deck, 
oiid  fought  bravely  with  the  rest.  Being  taken 
jnisoner,  ho  was  dressed  in  rags,  and  jiut  into  tho 
liold  among  the  sailors.  Wlicn  ho  arrived  iu 
Franco,  by  means  of  a  little  money,  which  ho  had 
preserved,  he  was  enabled  to  Make  some  improve- 
ment in  his  appearance.  In  a  few  weeks  he  was 
exchanged,  and  he  soon  reached  Ijondon.  Among 
the  eminent  mhiisters,  with  whom  he  here  became 
acquainted,  were  IIowc,  Calamy,  and  Burkitt. 
Being  called  to  preach  in  different  places,  lie  sup- 
plied a  small  congregation  at  Cambridge  for  a 
few  weeks,  and  was  succeeded  by  the  learned 
James  Pierce,  who  by  his  mathematical  kaowl- 
cdge  attracted  tho  notice  of  Mr.  Whiston,  and, 
becoming  his  friend,  imbibed  his  Arian  sentiments. 


COLMAN. 


COLMAN. 


251 


lie  nflcrwanls  preached  about  two  years  nt  Hatli, 
wlieie  he  l)ec;inic  iiitinialely  r.cqiminted  with  Mrs. 
Itowe,  then  .Mi>.s  SIii,','er,  and  admired  her  Ktihlinie 
devolion  as  well  as  iii;;enuity  and  wit,  and  oiU-r- 
Wiirds  corres))()ndcd  \\illi  her. 

A  new  Hoeioty  havinf;  heen  formed  in  Brattle 
street,  lioston,  the  jjrineipal  jjentlenicn  who  com- 
jjosed  it  sent  him  an  invitation  to  return  to  his 
native  country,  and  to  ho  their  minister.  Ihe 
])eculiiir  constitution  of  this  churcli,  ditferin;,'  fioni 
that  of  the  other  cliurches  in  New  Enjjland,  ren- 
dered the  founders  desirous  that  he  shotdd  he 
oi'diiined  in  I,ondon.  They  ajiproved  of  the  con- 
fession of  faitji  comjiosed  by  the  Westminster  As- 
hemhly  ;  hut  they  were  averse  to  the  public  rela- 
tion of  experiences  then  practised  previously  to 
ndmission  into  the  churches,  and  they  wished  the 
Scrijjtures  to  be  read  on  the  Sabbath,  and  tlie 
Lord's  ])rayer  to  be  used.  These  innovations,  the 
founders  believed,  would  e.\cite  alarm  ;  and,  to 
avoid  difHcidty,  Mr.  Colman  was  ordained  by 
some  dissenting  ministers  in  London  Aug.  4, 
1099.  He  arrived  at  Boston  Nov.  1 ;  and  IJec. 
2  tth  the  new  house  of  worsliip  was  opened,  and 
Mr.  Colman  preached  hi  it  for  tlic  first  time. 
From  the  year  1701  he  had  for  his  assistant  about 
two  years  and  a  half  F.liphalet  Adams,  afterwards 
minister  of  New  London.  William  Coojjcr  was 
ordained  his  colleague  May  23,  171(>,  and  after 
his  death  in  ]74;5,  hi.s  son.  Dr.  Coojier,  was  set- 
tled in  his  ])lace.  His  three  wives  were  Jane 
Clark,  widow  Sarah  Clark,  and  widow  JLiry 
Frost,  sister  of  Sir  Wm.  Peppercll.  Ho  left  no 
son.  One  daughter  married  Mr.  Turell,  another 
Mr.  Dennie. 

Ho  was  an  eminently  ui  eful  and  good  man,  and 
was  universally  respected  for  his  learning  a'ld 
talents.  He  was  distinguished  as  a  preacher. 
Tall  and  erect  in  stature,  of  a  benign  aspect,  ju'e- 
scnting  in  his  whole  a])pcarancc  something 
amiable  and  venerable,  and  having  a  ])cculiar  ex- 
pression in  his  eye,  he  was  enabled  to  interest  his 
hearers.  His  voice  was  harmonious,  and  hi.s  ac- 
tion inimitable.  He  was  ranked  among  the  first 
ministers  of  New  England.  Jesus  Christ  was  the 
groat  subject  of  his  preacliing.  He  dwelt  ujion 
the  lledeemer  in  his  person,  natures,  officos,  and 
benefits,  and  uj)on  the  duties  of  natu'-al  religion 
as  po.-formed  only  by  strength  dcriv<\l  ft\Mu  the 
Savioiu',  and  i,s  acceptable  only  fm-  his  s^o.  Ho 
had  a  happy  way  of  introducing  largo  paragrn])hs 
of  Scripture  to  enrich  his  di.  courses,  and  he  fre- 
quently embellished  thorn  by  allusions  to  the 
historical  parts  of  the  sacred  vohune.  He  could 
delight  by  the  gracefulness  of  his  manner,  and 
never  bj-  boisterousncss  and  violence  transgressed 
the  decorum  of  tlK  pulpit:  \ot  he  know  how  to 
])reach  with  pungency,  ami  iMuld  array  the  ter- 
rors of  the  Lord  before  the  ehildrcn  of  iniquity. 
It  may  excite  surprise  at  ihe  present  day,  that  the 


jiractice  of  reading  the  Scri|)turc  and  repcafinjif 
the  Lord's  prayer,  as  a  jiart  of  the  ser\ices  of  tho 
Salibath,  should  have  excited  op])OKi;ioii ;  Imt 
many  were  offended,  though  it  was  not  long  l)e- 
fore  a  number  of  other  churches  followed  in  tho 
steps  of  Brattle-street.  The  ground  of  o|)])osition 
to  tliis  iiow  church  was  the  strong  features  of 
Episcoi)acy  which  it  was  imagined  were  to  be 
discerned  in  it. 

In  the  various  duties  of  the  pastoral  ofllcc  Dr. 
Colman  was  diligent  and  faithful.     He  catechized 
the  children  of  his  congregation,  addressed  them 
ujjon  the  concerns  of  their  souls,  and  as  they  ad- 
vanced in  years  was  urgent  in  his  jiersuasions  to 
iiuluco  them  to  approach  the  table  of  the  Lord. 
His  church  had  intrusted  him  with  authority  to 
judge  of  the  qunlitications  of  communicants,  and 
it  was  thought  by  many  that  ho  was  too  free  in 
his  admissions  to  the  sujipcr.    But  he  was  far 
from  thinking  that  a  com])etent  knowledge  of 
C'lnistianity  and  a  moral  life  were  sufiicient  quali- 
tications.     He  thought  that  there   should  be  a 
profession  of  repentance  and  faith,  with  the  purpose 
and  promise  of  obedience  throngli  the  influence 
of  the  Divine  Spirit;  and  believed  that  the  jiurity 
of  tho  chm'ches  Avould  be  corrupted,  if  there  was 
an  hullscriminato  and  general  admission  to  the 
sacrament.      While  he  entertained   the  highest 
veneration  for  the  fathers  of  New  England,  and 
was  very  friendly  to  confessions  of  faith  and  to 
the  publication   of  them  on  particular  occasions, 
he  used  to  say  that  the  Bible  was  his  platform. 
In  his  sentiments  upon  church  government  he  in- 
clined  towards   the  Presbyterians.    lie  was  op- 
posed to  the  practice,  adopted  by  the  churches,  of 
sending  for  a  council  wherever  they  pleased,  be- 
lieving the  neighboring  churches  to  be  the  proper 
counsellors.     As  he  conceived  that  all  baptized 
persons  who  made  a  credible  profession  of  the 
religion  of    Christ   were   the    members   of   tho 
church,  ho  thought  that  they  should  not  be  pro- 
hibited in  voting  for  the  choice  of  a  minister.     At 
the  same  time,  ho  consideivd  them  as  very  repre- 
hensible, if  they  neglected  to  approach  the  talle 
of  tho  Lord. 

Such  was  the  estimation  in  which  he  was  hold, 
that,  after  the  death  of  Mr.  Leverett  in  1724,  he 
was  chosen  his  successor  as  jiresident  of  Harvard 
college;  but  he  declined  the  appointment.  He 
however  rendered  great  service  to  the  institution. 
He  procured  benefactions  for  it,  and  tooA.  inde- 
fatigable pains  in  forming  rules  and  orders  relat- 
ing to  the  settknnent  of  the  HoUis  professor  of 
divinitv  in  Cambridge.  His  care  also  extended 
to  Yale  college,  for  which  ho  jirocurod  many  val- 
uable books.  In  1732  he  addressed  a  letter  to 
Mr.  Adams,  of  New  London,  one  of  its  trustees, 
desiring  him  to  vindicate  that  college  from  the 
charge  of  Arminianism.  By  his  acquaintance  in 
England  his  usefuhiess  was  much  increased.    He 


252 


COLMAX. 


COLMAN, 


i  ' 


received  from  Snmuol  Holdcn,  of  I.ontlon,  thirty- 
nine  sets  of  till'  practical  workn  of  Mr.  ISaxtcr,  in 
four  mnNsivc  voliiniCN,  folio,  to  distrihutc  anions 
our  churchcH.     lie  j)rociircd  also  licncfactions  for 
the  IndinnH  at  IIouKKutoiinoc,  and  ciif,'af;cd  witli 
earnestness  in  ijroniotin;;  the  olijccts  of  that  niis- 
BJon,  which  waH  intrusted  to  the  care  of  Mr.  Scr- 
{^ennt.     Hut  ]m  laliorN  were  not  conliiicd  to  what 
particularly  related  to  Iuh  profesnion.     lie  was 
employed,  in  his  youn<;er  as  well  bh  in  his  latter 
ycarH,  on  weighty  affairs  by  the  fjenrral   court. 
No  minister  has  since  possessed  so  f^reat  influ- 
ence.    His  attention  to  civil  concerns  drew  upon 
him  censure,  and  at  times  insult;  hut  he  thought 
himself  justified  in  eml)racin';  every  oj)]>ortunity 
for  dohij;  fjood.     lie   knew   the  interest   of  his 
country  and  was  ahle  to  promote  it  i  and  he  could 
not  admit  that  the  circumstance  of  his  hehig  a 
minister  ought  to  prevent   his   exertions.     Still 
there  were  few  men  more  zealous  and  unwearied 
in  the  labors  of  his  sacred  ollice.     Ills   cliiiraclcr 
was   singularly   excellent.    Having   imi)ibed  the 
true   spirit  of  the  gospel,  he  was  catholic,  mod- 
erate, benevolent,  ever  anxious   to   jiromote   the 
gospel  of  salvation.     lie  was  willing  to  sacrifice 
everything  but  truth,  to  ])eace.     After  a  life  con- 
spicuous for  sanctity  and  usefulness,  he  met  the 
king  of  terrors  without  fear.     In  the  early  part 
of  ills  life  his  health  was  very  infirm  j  sickness 
frequently  reminded  him  of  his  mortality,  and  he 
made  it  his  constant  care  to  live  in  readiness  for 
death.     AVith  a  feeble  constitution,  he  yet  was 
able  to  preach  on  the  very  Sabbath  before  he 
died.     His  life  was  written  by  Mr.  Turell,  who 
married  his  daughter:  and  was  jiublished  in  1749. 
He  published  on  artillery  sermon  in  1702;  the 
governmeiit  and  im|)rovement  of  mirth,  in  three 
scrmoiiH,  \'ii)1 ;  imprecation  against  the  enemies 
of  God  lawful ;  practical  dlscomses  on  the  para- 
ble of  the  ten  virgins,  8vo.,  1707;  a  poem  on  the 
death  of  Mr.  Willard  j  the  ruler's  piety  and  duty; 
a  sermon  on  the  union  of  England  and  Scotland, 
1708;  on  seeking  God  early,  1713;  the  heinou 
nature  of  the  sin  of  murder ;  on  the  incoraprc- 
hensibleness  of  God,  in  four  sermons,  1710;  the 
precious  gifts  of  the  ascended  Saviour ;  the  bless- 
ing and  honor  of  fruitful  mothers ;  divine  com- 
passions magnified ;  funeral  sermons  on  Abigail 
Foster,  1711 ;  Elizabeth  Wainwright,1714  ;  Isaac 
Addington  and  Thomas  Bridge,  1714;  Elizabeth 
Hirst,  1716;  Messrs.  Hrattle  and  Pemberton,  and 
Grove  Hirst,  1717;  Governor  Dudley,  1720;  Wil- 
liam Harris,  1721 ;  Madam  Steel,  David  Stoddard, 
and  Increase  Mather,  1723 ;  President  Leverett, 
1724;  Cotton  Mather,  1728;    Solomou  Stoddard 
and  William  Welsted,  1729 ;  Simeon  Stoddard, 
1730;  Thomas  llollis,  1731;  on  his  eldest  daugh- 
ter, 1735;  Thomas  Steel,  1736;  Peter  Thacher, 
1739;  Samuel  Holden,  1740;  William  Cooper, 
1743;  Francis  Shirley,  1746:   the  warnings  of 


Ood  mito  yoimg  people,  1716;  a  sermon  for  the 
reformation  of  manners  ;  our  fathers'  m\n  con- 
fessed with  our  own  ;  u  thanksgivnig  sermon  for 
the  suppression  of  the  rebellion  in  Great  Kritain ; 
at  the  ordination  of  AVilliam  C'oojjer,  1717;  the 
rending  of  the  vail  of  the  temple;  five  sermons 
on  the  strong  niiiu  armed;  the  ]ileasurc  of  reli- 
gious worshij)  In  our  ])ubllc  assemblies;  an  elec- 
tion sermon,  1718;  the  blessing  of  Zebulon  and 
Issachar;  reasons  for  a  market  in  Boston,  1710; 
early  ])lety  inculcated,  1720;  early  jjiety  towards 
men,  1721;  sonic  observations  on  inoculation; 
Jacob's  v(i»,  1722;  Mo.ses  a  wilness  to  Christ,  a 
sermon  at  the  bajitism  of  Mr.  Monis,  1722  ;  iiti 
election  sermon,  1723;  God  deals  with  us  as  ra- 
tional creatures  ;  the  duty  of  ])nrents  to  pray  for 
their  children ;  the  doctrine  and  law  of  the  holy 
Sabbath,  1725;  a  sermon  to  jilratcs,  172C;  a  sac- 
ramental discourse,  1727  ;  at  the  ordination  of 
Mr.  Pemberton,  of  New  York ;  on  the  accession 
of  George  II,;  five  sermons  on  the  great  earth- 
quake; twenty  sacramental  sermons  on  the  glo- 
ries of  Christ,  8vo.  1728 ;  the  duty  of  young 
jjcople  to  give  their  hearts  to  God,  four  sermons  ; 
death  and  the  grave  without  any  order ;  a  treatise 
on  family  worship ;  on  Gov.  Belcher's  accession, 
1730;  the  grace  given  us  in  the  preached  gospel, 
1732;  God  is  a  great  king,  1733  ;  the  fast  which 
God  hath  chosen,  1734 ;  a  dissertation  on  the 
three  first  chapters  of  Genesis,  1735  ;  a  disserto- 
tion  on  the  image  of  God,  wherein  man  was 
created,  1730;  merchandise  and  hire,  hoHncss  to 
the  Lord ;  righteousness  and  compassion  the 
ruler's  duty  and  character ;  the  Divhie  compas- 
sion new  every  morning,  1737;  waiting  on  God 
in  our  straits  and  dlfilcidties,  1737 ;  at  the  nrtillery 
election,  1738;  the  uns])eakal)le  gift,  1739;  the 
withered  hand  restored ;  pleasant  to  see  souls 
flying  to  Christ,  1740;  on  Gov.  Shirley's  ac- 
cession, 1741;  the  word  of  God  magnified  by 
him,  1742 ;  the  glory  of  God's  power  in  the  fir- 
mament; Satan's  fiery  darts  in  hellish  s  .;jf(,es- 
tions,  in  several  sermons,  1744;  at  the  ordination 
of  Samuel  Cooper,  1746. —  TurelVs  Life  and 
Character  of  Colman;  TliacJier's  Centenary 
Sermon  i  JJopkins'  History  of  Iloussatotinuc 
Indians. 

COLMAN,  Henry,  died  at  Islington,  London, 
Aug.  17,  1849.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Dart- 
mouth in  1805,  and  was  many  years  a  Unitarian 
minister  in  Salem.  He  afterwards  devoted  him- 
self to  agricultural  inquiries,  and  had  a  commis- 
sion for  that  object  under  the  authority  of  the 
State;  in  this  capacity  he  went  abroad  in  1842, 
and  was  received  with  distinction  in  various  parts 
of  England.  It  was  on  his  return  from  Ireland, 
visited  for  the  same  object,  that  by  his  exposure 
on  deck  he  took  a  violent  and  fatal  cold.  He 
had  engaged  his  passage  home  to  America.  His 
daughter,  Anna  S.,  wife  of  Pickering  Dodge,  died 


COLTON. 


COLUMBUS. 


253 


in  \orth  Snlcm  Scjjt.  10,  INl!).  Tic  jiul) iwhod  n 
volume  of  Nermoiis,  IHL'Oj  a  lialf-cciitury  ...'rnion, 
INL'lij  nix  or  Hovi'ii  ofluT  Kcrmoiis  ;  anil  varioiH 
nKrk'ultiirul  reports  niul  workN,  nnioiiK  tliem,  ag- 
riciilliirc  and  rural  economy  of  Fraiice,  ctr. ; 
Kuropean  nf,'ri('ulturo,  etc.,  'J  voIm.  j  also,  F.urnpcan 
life  and  manners,  2  voln.,  IS  18. 

COI.TO.V,  (iioitfiK,  died  in  .Springfield,  now 
Longmi'iidow,  in  lO'Ji),  the  ancoKtor  of  nil  in  New 
r.njtlanil  who  licar  thi'  name  of  Colton,  He  came  i 
from  near  liirmingiiam,  was  at  S])ringfield  as 
early  a8  104t,  and  was  representative  in  1009. 
His  wife  was  T)ei)orah  Gardner.  He  left  five 
BOMH  and  four  daughters. 

COLTON,  CiEouoi:,  died  ut  nolton,  Conn.,  in 
1812,  aged  HO.  He  was  the  son  of  Uev.  Benja- 
min C,  of  West  Hartford,  a  graduate  of  1750. 
With  eccentriiilies,  he  was  yet  a  devout,  godly 
man.  He  was  a  few  inches  less  liinn  seven  feet 
in  heiglit,  and  Innli,  and  wore  a  cocked  hat  and 
nn  enormous  wig  ;  he  was  called  "  the  high  priest 
of  liolton."  A  child  cried  at  meeting,  being 
afraid  of  "  that  big  man  with  a  sheep  on  his 
back."  He  once  preached  a  sermon  ot  reproof 
to  his  people,  and  the  same  by  way  of  exchange 
at  Andover,  some  miles  distant,  uttering  these 
words  from  it,  much  to  the  astonishment  of  tlie 
people :  "  I  hear  tlie  sound  of  your  axes  at  my 
house  every  Saturday  night,  long  after  sundown." 
In  his  last  years  his  church  declined )  but  his  suc- 
cessor, Philander  Parmelee,  who  died  in  1822,  by 
his  most  faithful  and  zealous  labors  in  various  re- 
vivals, greatly  promoted  the  interests  of  religion 
in  Holton. 

COLTON,  John  O.,  a  minister  in  New  Haven, 
(lied  April  20,  li840,  aged  30.  He  was  a  grad- 
uate of  18!J2,  the  son  of  Uev.  George  C,  of 
Westford,  N.  Y.,  and  great-grandson  of  Rev. 
llenj.  C,  of  West  Hartford.  He  was  a  scholar 
of  jironiiNc  j  he  edited  a  Greek  reader. 

COLTON,  Waltku,  died  in  Philadelphia  Jan. 
22,  1851,  aged  53.  He  was  born  in  Kutland,  Vt., 
the  brother  of  Cah-in  C,  was  graduated  at 
Yale  hi  1822,  and  early  became  a  preacher,  and 
taught  an  academy  at  MiJdletown.  In  1828  he 
edited  the  American  Spectator,  a  political  paper 
at  Washington.  lie  was  the  friend  of  Jackson, 
who  in  1830  appointed  him  a  chaplain  in  the 
navy.  lie  was  tliree  years  in  the  Constellation 
in  the  Mediterranean.  He  was  then  chaplain  of 
the  navy-yard  at  Philadcljihia,  and  edited  the 
North  American.  Going  with  the  squadron  to 
the  Pacific,  about  1840,  lie  was  alcalde  of  Mon- 
terey in  California,  and  judge  of  admiralty,  and 
establislicd  the  Californian,  the  first  paper,  and 
built  the  first  school-house,  and  first  announced  to 
our  country  the  discovery  of  gold.  He  returned 
in  1850.  A  cold,  terminating  in  dropsy,  occasioned 
his  death.  I  le  wrote  much :  ship  and  shore,  1835 ; 
visit  to  Constantinople  and  Athens,  1836;  deck 


and  |)ort  ■,  llireo  years  in  California  j  land  and 
loe ;  the  ma  and  tlic  s,'\ilor;  notci:  on  France  and 
Italv,  with  a  memoir  l>y  Henry  T.  Chei'ver. 

COLTON,  GidiUii:  JL,  died  Dec.  1,  1847,  ngot 
29.  The  son  of  Uev.  (jeorge  ('.,  of  Westford, 
N.  Y.,  he  was  graduated  at  Yale  in  1840.  Ho 
was  n  teacher  in  .Hartford,  delivered  lectures  on 
the  Indians,  and  tommenced  in  18-15  the  editor- 
Khi|)  of  the  American  Whig  llevi'  w.  Ho  jiuIh 
lishod  Teeumsch,  a  ])oeiii  in  nine  cantos.  —  Cycl. 
(if  A)ii>ririiii  l.itniihiri',  II.   058. 

COLL'MIIL'S,  Cniiisroi-iiiit,  the  first  discov- 
erer of  the  New  World,  died  May  20,  150(i,  aged 
about  70.  He  was  born  at  Colognelte,  near  Ge- 
noa, about  the  year  1430.  His  father,  Domenico 
Colomlm,  was  a  manufacturer  of  woollen  stuff's  in 
Genoa,  and.  rather  poor.  When  the  son  went  to 
reside  in  .Si)ain  he  changed  the  name  of  Colombo 
to  Colon,  as  more  conformable  to  the  Spanisli 
idiom,  writing  his  name  Cristoval  Colon.  Ho 
was  educated  in  the  sciences  of  geometry  and  as- 
tronomy, which  form  the  basis  of  navigation,  and 
was  well  versed  in  cosmography,  history,  and  phi- 
losophy, having  studied  some  time  at  Pavia.  To 
etpiip  iiimself  more  completely  for  making  dis- 
coveries, he  learned  to  draw.  He  entered  upon 
a  seafaring  life  at  the  age  of  fourteen.  During 
one  of  his  voyages  the  ship  in  which  he  sailed 
took  fire  in  an  engagement  with  a  Venetian  gal- 
ley, and,  by  the  help  of  an  oar,  he  swam  two 
leagues  to  the  coast  of  Portugal,  near  Lisbon. 

He  married  at  Lisbon  Dona  Felipa  Monis  de 
Palestrello,  the  daughter  of  an  old  Italian  seaman, 
from  whose  journals  and  charts  he  received  the 
highest  entertainment.  The  Portuguese  were  at 
this  time  endeavoring  to  find  a  way  to  India 
around  Africa ;  they  had  been  pursuing  this  ob- 
ject for  half  a  century  without  attaining  it,  and 
had  advanced  no  farther  along  the  coast  of  Africa 
than  just  to  cross  the  equator,  when  Columbus 
conceived  his  great  design  of  finding  India  i'  *he 
west.  He  knew  from  observing  lunar  eclipses 
that  the  earth  was  a  sphere,  and  concluded  that 
it  might  be  travelled  over  from  east  to  west,  or 
from  west  to  east.  He  also  hoped,  that  between 
Spain  and  India  some  islands  would  be  found, 
which  would  be  resting-places  in  his  voyage. 
Some  learned  writers  had  asserted  that  it  was 
possible  to  effect  what  he  was  now  resolved  to 
accomplish.  So  early  as  the  year  1474  he  had 
commiuiicated  his  ideas  in  writing  to  Paul  Fosca- 
nelli,  a  learned  physician  of  Florence,  who  en- 
couroged  his  design,  sending  him  a  chart,  in 
which  he  had  laid  down  the  supposed  capital  of 
China,  but  little  more  than  two  thousand  leagues 
westward  from  Lisbon.  The  stories  of  mariners, 
that  carved  wood,  a  covered  canoe,  and  human 
bodies  of  a  singular  complexion  had  been  found 
after  westerly  winds,  also  contributed  to  settle  his 
judgment     Having  established  his  theory  and 


254 


COLUMBUS. 


formed  hi«  tlosij^n,  he  now  hcffan  to  tliiiik  of  the 
meiinN  of  canyinj^  it  into  I'Xirulicm.  J)c('miMK 
the  enterprise  too  (,'reiit  to  lie  iiiulcrtiikcii  l)y  aiiy 
but  a  H()vereif,'it  State,  he  a|)|]lie(l  (Irst,  aecordiii^' 
to  Herrera,  to  the  re](ul)lic  ol"  (ieiioa,  iiy  whdiii 
liid  project  was  treated  an  visionary.  Ferdinando 
CohimliUN,  in  his  life  of  iiis  father,  ays  nolhin^ 
of  thiN  a]i])lication,  iiut  rejiresents  tliat  tiie  jdan 
y/M  first  i)ro])osed  to  .John  II.,  kinj;  of  I'ortii^'al, 
bceniise  his  fntlier  lived  iinih'r  him.  This  kin;^ 
had  encoinilere<I  siieh  vast  exjiense  in  fruitless  at- 
tcmjjts  to  find  a  way  to  India  around  the  African 
continent,  that  lie  was  entirely  indisposed  to  fjive 
to  CohnnhiiH  the  encourngement  whicli  he  wished 
to  obtain.  IJy  the  advice,  however,  of  a  favorite 
courtier,  ho  ])rivately  gave  orders  to  n  ship  bound 
to  the  island  of  Ca))u  do  Verd,  to  nttemjjt  a  dis- 
covery in  the  west ;  but  the  navigators,  through 
ignorance  and  want  of  enterjirisc,  effected  noth- 
ing, and  on  reaching  tlieir  destined  port  turned 
the  project  of  Columbus  into  ridicule.  AVhen  he 
became  acquainted  with  this  dishonorable  conduct 
of  the  king,  he  quitted  I'ortugal  in  disgust,  and 
repaired  to  Ferdinand,  king  of  Sj)ain.  Ho  had 
jjreviously  sent  his  brother,  Hartholomew,  to  F'ng- 
Innd,  to  solicit  the  jjatronage  of  Henry  VII. ;  but 
on  his  passage  he  was  taken  by  pirates,  and  he 
was  detained  a  number  of  years  in  caj)tivity. 
The  ])roposal  of  Columbus  was  referred  to  the 
consideration  of  the  most  learned  men  in  Spain, 
who  rejected  it  for  various  rj^sons,  one  of  which 
■was,  that,  if  a  shij)  should  sail  westward  on  a 
globe,  she  would  necessarily  go  down  on  the  oj)- 
po;;ite  side,  and  then  it  would  be  impossible  to 
return,  for  it  would  be  lilic  climbing  up  a  hill, 
which  no  rdiip  could  do  with  the  strongest  wind. 
But,  by  the  influence  of  Juan  Perez,  a  Spanish 
priest,  and  Lewis  Santangel,  an  ofHccr  of  the 
king's  household,  Queen  Isabella  was  persuaded 
to  listen  to  liis  request,  and,  after  he  had  been 
twice  rcijulsed,  recalled  him  to  court.  She  offered 
to  pawn  her  jewels  to  dolray  the  expense  of  the 
cquij)ment,  amounting  to  more  than  2,500  crowns ; 
but  the  money  was  advanced  by  Santangel. 
Thus,  after  seven  years'  painful  solicitation,  he 
obtained  the  patronage  which  he  thought  of  the 
highest  imjiortance  in  executing  his  ])Ian. 

13y  an  agreement  '.vith  their  Catholic  majesties, 
of  April  17,  1492,  he  was  to  be  viceroy  and  admi- 
ral of  all  the  countries  which  he  should  discovir. 
and  was  to  receive  one-tenth  part  of  the  jirofils , 
accruing  from  their  ])roductions  and  commerce. 
He  sailed  from  I'alos  in  Sjiain,  F'riday,  Aug.  ',i, 
1492,  with  three  vessels,  two  of  w  hich  wore  called 
caravels,  being  small  vessels,  without  decks,  ex- 
cept perhai)8  at  the  ends,  having  on  board  in  the 
whole  ninety  men.  He  might  have  deemed 
small  vessels  better  fitted  for  the  ])urj)oses  of 
navigation  in  unknown  seas.  He  himself  com- 
manded tho  largest  vcsgcl,  called  Santa  Muria, 


COLUMBUS. 

He  U'ft  the  Canaries  Sept.  fi,  and,  when  he  wan 
about  two  luuidred  Icngius  to  the  west,  the  nuig- 
netic  needle  was  ohserved,  Sept.  I  Ith,  to  vary 
from  the  pole-st'ir.  This  plienomennn  fillcfl  tho 
sciimen  with  terror,  but  his  fertile  genius,  li\  .sug- 
gesting a  |ilausilil('  reaMm.in  some  degree ipiietcd 
their  ajijircliensioiis.  iMter  being  twenty  dii}s  ot 
sea  witho\it  tlie  sight  of  land,  some  of  them 
talked  of  throwing  their  commander  into  the 
ocean.  All  his  talents  were  require<l  to  stimulate 
their  ho]>es.  At  length,  when  he  was  almost  re- 
duced to  the  necessity  of  abandoning  the  eiUer- 
pri.se,  at  ten  o'clock  in  the  niglit  of  Oct.  lllh,  he 
saw  a  light,  which  was  KU])posed  to  he  on  kIuu'c, 
and  early  the  next  morning,  Friday,  Oct.  12th, 
land  was  distinctly  seen,  which  ])roved  to  bo 
Guanahana,  one  of  the  Ilahama  islands.  Thus 
he  effected  an  object  which  he  had  been  twenty 
years  in  projecting  and  executing.  At  sunrise 
the  boats  were  manned  and  tlie  adventurers 
rowed  towards  the  shore  with  music  and  with 
martial  jiuni]).  The  coast  was  covered  with  ])eo- 
jde,  wiio  were  overwhelmed  with  astonishment. 
Columbus  went  first  on  shore,  and  was  followed 
by  iiis  men.  They  all,  kneeling  down,  kissed  the 
ground  with  tears  of  joy,  and  returned  thanks  for 
llieir  successful  voyage.  This  island,  which  is  in 
north  latitude  25'^,  and  is  sometimes  called  Cat 
island,  was  named  by  Columbus  San  Salvador. 
Having  discovered  a  number  of  other  islands,  and 
among  them  Cuba,  Oct.  27th,  and  Hispuniola, 
Dec.  0th,  ho  began  to  think  of  returning.  His 
large  shi])  having  been  wrecked  on  the  shoals  of 
Hispaniola,  he  built  a  fort  with  her  timber,  and 
left  behind  him  a  colony  of  thirty-nine  men  at 
the  port,  which  he  called  Navidad,  the  luitivity, 
because  he  entered  it  on  Christmas  day.  From 
this  place  ho  sailed  Jan.  4,  1493.  During  his 
passage,  when  threatened  with  destruction  by  a 
violent  storm,  he  wrote  an  account  of  hit  discov- 
eries on  jiarchmont,  which  he  wrapjied  in  a  piece 
of  oiled  cloth  and  inclosed  in  a  cako  of  wax. 
This  he  i)ut  into  a  tight  cask  and  threw  it  into 
the  sea,  with  the  hope  that  it  might  be  driven 
ashore,  and  tint  his  discoveries  might  not  be  lost, 
if  the  vessel  sluuild  sink,  liut  he  was  providen- 
tially saved  from  destruction,  and  arrived  safe  at 
Lisbon  March  4th.  On  the  15th  he  reached 
I'alos,  and  was  received  with  the  highest  tokens 
of  honor  by  the  king  and  queen,  who  now  made 
him  admiral  of  Spain. 

He  sailed  on  his  second  voyage  to  the  New 
World  Sc])t.  25,  1 193,  having  a  fleet  of  three 
ships  of  war,  and  fourteen  caravels,  and  about 
one  thousand  and  five  hundred  peojile,  some  of 
whom  were  of  the  first  families  in  Spain.  The 
po])c  had  granted,  l)y  bull,  dated  May  3,  1493,  in 
full  right  to  Ferdinand  and  Isabella,  all  the  coun- 
tries Iroiu  pole  to  pole  beynid  a  lino  dr.iwn  one 
hundred  leagues  west  of  the  Azores  j  and  their 


COLUMni'S. 


roM'Mnrs. 


255 


CatliDlir  mnj('Kti("<  Ir.id  ronnrriii'd  to  r'n!iini1)iiH  liis 
jirivilc^jtM,  making  ilic  otiicc  of  viccniv  iirul  no\- 
iTiu>r  of  llic  IiulicN  hcrcilitiiry  ill  lu'«  I'liinily.  On 
till'  l-ord's  (lay,  Xnv.  ',i,  ho  di'^covcrcil  an  i'^lmid, 
wliic'li  ill  liiiiiiir  of  llic  d.iy  lie  called  |)oiiiiiiit'n. 
AOiT  iliscovcriii;,'  .Maiif^aliiiilc,  ki  called  in  honor 
of  liii  Nliip,  (iiiadalomie,  M<ml''Cirat,Aiili^(iia,  and 
other  iNJands,  he  entered  the  port  of  .\a\iihul,  on 
till!  north  Hide  of  llifipaninia,  where  he  had  left 
hiw  colony ;  Imt  not  it  Sjiaiii.ird  was  to  he  Keen,  and 
till!  fort  was  entirely  denioli.-'hed.  The  men,  whom 
he  had  lell  in  this  place,  had  seized  the  provisions 
of  till!  iiativuH  and  their  women,  and  exhiliiled 
such  rapacity  as  to  excite  the  indiijnatioii  of  ihe 
IndiaiiH,  who  had  in  eonse<pience  hnrned  the  fort 
and  cut  them  oil'.  Dec.  Hth,he  landed  at  another 
jiart  of  the  same  island,  near  ii  rocU  which  was  a 
eonvenient  situation  for  a  fort;  and  here  he  hiiill 
a  town,  which  he  called  Isaliella,  and  which  w  as 
the  first  town  founded  by  I'.iiropeans  in  the  New 
World.  lie  diMcovered  Jamaica  May  .'),  111)1, 
wiioru  ho  found  water  and  other  refreshments  for 
lii.s  men,  of  wliicli  ihey  were  in  the  ({reulest  want. 
On  his  return  to  Jlisiiaiiiola,  .Sejit.  'J!),  he  met  his 
brother,  nartholomew,  from  whom  he  had  heen 
Hcparatidfor  thirteen  years,  and  whom  he  miji- 
posed  to  he  dead.  His  hrother  hud  hroufjht  sup- 
plies from  Sj)aiii  in  three  .'ihijis,  which  he  coiu- 
inaiidcd,  and  arrived  at  a  time  w  hen  his  jinideiicc, 
experience,  and  bravery  were  peculiarly  needed  ; 
for  Columbus  on  his  retiini  Ibind  the  colony  in 
the  utmost  confusion.  Their  licentiousness  had 
j)rovoked  the  natives,  who  had  united  nf^ainst 
their  invaders,  and  had  actually  killed  a  miniber  of 
the  Sjianiards.  He  collected  his  peojili',  and  p're- 
vented  the  destruction  which  threatened  them. 
In  the  spriiif?  of  WXi,  he  carried  on  n  war 
against  the  iialives,  and  with  two  hundred  men, 
twenty  horses,  an'  as  many  dogs,  he  deteated  an 
army  of  Indians  which  has  been  estimated  at  oni 
hundred  thousand.  In  about  a  year  he  reduced 
the  natives  to  submission,  liut  while  Columbus 
was  faithfully  employing  his  tiiients  to  jiromote 
the  interests  of  his  sovereign,  his  enemies  were 
endeavoring  to  ruin  his  character.  He  was  a  for- 
eigner, and  the  proud  Sj)aiiiards  could  not  pa- 
tiently see  liim  elevated  to  such  honors.  He  did 
not  re(piire  .so  enormous  a  trilinte  of  the  Iiulians 
as  some  of  his  ra])acious  adventurers  would  im- 
])ose,  and  comiilaints  against  liim  were  entered 
with  the  king's  ministers.  The  discipline,  which 
he  maintainoil  was  rc])resenteil  as  severity,  and 
the  iiunisiiments  which  he  indicted,  as  cruelty ; 
and  it  was  suggested,  that  he  was  aiming  to 
make  himsell'  independent.  These  whispers  ex- 
cited suspicion  in  the  jealous  mhul  of  Ferdi- 
nand, and  Columbus  was  reduced  to  the  neces- 
sity of  returning  to  the  Spanish  court,  that 
lie  might  vindicate  himself  I'rom  these  false 
chargus.     After  placing  the  aflairs  of  the  colony 


in  the  host  [vitiKilile  ronditinn,  and  li  nvinu'  the  nu- 
preni'  power  in  the  hands  of  hiit  lirotlicr  Ilurthol- 
oinc '  ho  sailed  from  Isaliella  March  10,  HIM), 
luiVi  itii  him  thirty  Indians.     !!>■  lirsl  xisitcd 

sever. il  island'-,  and,  liming  the  Wett  lixlies  .\pril 
-(»,  he  arri\(d  at  Cidi/,  alter  a  (hiiig^rons  and  tedi- 
ous \ovage,  JiMie  11th.  His  presence  at  court, with 
the  hillweiice  of  the  gold  and  other  valuable  arti- 
cles which  lie  enrrieil  wilh  him,  removed  in  some 
degree  the  suspiiioiis  which  had  been  gathering 
in  the  mind  of  the  king.  Hut  his  eneniieN, 
I'l High  silent,  were  not  idle.  They  threw  such 
o'istructions  ill  his  way,  that  it  was  nearly  two  years 
before  he  could  again  set  sail  to  continue  his  dis- 
coveries.  roiiseea,  liishop  of  Itadijos,  who  in 
Sept.,  M!»7,  wiiH  reinstateil  in  the  direction  of  In- 
dian alliiirs,  was  lii'^  iiriiicifial  enemy.  It  was  ho 
who  patriiiiizi'd  .Kiiujigo. 

May  .'J(l,  I  IDS,  lie  sailed  from  Sjiain  on  his 
third  voyage  with  six  ships.  At  the  Canary  Is- 
lands he  dispatched  three  of  his  ships  wilh  jiro- 
visions  to  llispaniida,  and  with  the  other  three  he 
kept  a  course  more  to  the  south.  He  discovered 
Trinidad  July  .'tl,  and  the  coiiliiicnt  of  Terra 
j'irina  on  llie  lir.-.t  of  August.  Having  made 
many  other  discoveries  he  entered  ihe  port  of  St. 
Domingo,  in  Hisiianiola,  Aug.  30.  Jly  the  direc- 
tion of  Columbus,  his  brother  had  begun  a  (tlle- 
nient  hi  this  jilace,  and  it  was  now  made  the 
capiial.  Its  name  was  given  to  it  in  honor  of 
Dominic,  the  fullier  of  Cokniiiuis.  lie  tbund  the 
colony  ill  aslaie  which  awakened  li;s  nio't  seri- 
ous aiipreheiisioiis.  Francis  Iloldau,  whom  ho 
had  left  eliicl' justice,  had  excited  a  eoiisiderablo 
luiniber  of  llie  Spaniards  to  niuliny.  He  had 
attemiited  to  seize  the  magazine  and  fort,  but.  fail- 
ing of  success,  retired  to  a  distant  part  of  the 
island.  Columbus  had  not  a  force  suilicient  to  sub- 
due him,  and  he  dreaded  the  ellectsof  a  civil  war, 
which  might  put  it  in  the  power  of  the  Indians  to 
destroy  the  whole  colony.  Ho  had  recourse 
lb.  ef.ire  to  address.  15y  promising  jiardon  to 
such  as  .should  submit,  liy  ott'e.'ing  the  liberty  of 
return  to  Spain,  and  by  offering  to  re-establish 
Ivoldan  in  his  otliee,  he  in  Nov.  dissolved  this 
dangerous  combination.  Some  of  the  rcfractoiy 
were  tried  and  put  to  death. 

As  soon  as  his  aluiirs  woull  pr".niil,  he  sent 
some  of  his  slii];s  to  ."^^pain,  wifli  a  j'  i.rnal  of  his 
vovage,  a  chart  of  the  coast  v.hieii  h  had  dis- 
covered, si:ecimeiis  of  the  gold  and  pearls,  and  an 
account  of  the  iicairrectioii.  Jloidan  at  the  same 
time  sent  home  liisi  accusations  against  Columbus. 
The  suspicions  of  Ferdinand  we.e  revived,  and 
they  were  fomented  by  Fonscca  and  others.  It 
was  resolved  to  send  to  Hisjianiola  a  judge,  who 
should  examine  facts  upon  the  sjiot.  Francis  do 
Bovadilla  was  ajipointed  for  this  ]mr])0se,  with  lull 
jiowers  to  supersede  Columbus,  if  ho  found  him 
guilty.     When  he  arrived  at  St.  Domingo,  all  dis- 


it 


II. 


250 


COLl'MnUW, 


COM'MnUS. 


ifudion*  were  compowd  in  tho  Wnnd,  rffcctiml 
proviKioriit  wi  ri'  inadi'  for  workiii);  llic  miri's,  and 
tli(>  ikuthorily  of  ('(iluriiliiiK  over  llic  S|iiiiimrdi«itnd 
Iiidiium  WU.1  well  CNtiil  liKhcd.  lint  Koviidilla 
WUH  dftormiiicd  to  trcrjl  liini  im  ii  criminal.  He 
acrordiriKly  look  pnNitcHMion  of  IiIn  Iioiinp  and 
Ri-i/cd  lii^  <fri'ctM,  and,  n'^kumin^  the  Kovcrnmcnl, 
ordrrcd  ('oluinl)iH  to  !)<■  arrcNtcd  in  Oct.,  \'>(H), 
and  loaded  witli  ironN,  lie  was  thuM  noiiI  home 
OH  n  iiriKoner.  'I'lie  captain  of  tlie  vcHnel,  an  noon 
OH  lie  was  dear  of  the  i-land,  offered  to  release 
lu'in  from  IjI-*  fetters.  "  No,"  Hai<l  CidintilmH,  "  I 
wear  thcHe  ironn  in  coiise((Mence  of  an  order  of 
my  Hovcreij^ii-s,  and  their  con\mand  nloiie  Bhall  set 
me  nt  lilcrl)."  He  arrived  at  Cadiz  Nov.  5,  and 
Doc.  17  waM  set  nt  lihorlj  liy  the  command  of 
I'erditiand  and  invited  to  court.  He  vindicated 
hiH  conduct  and  liroiif^ht  the  nioHt  NatiNfyin^ 
proofN  of  the  iniilevolencc  of  Inn  cnemicH.  Hut, 
thon;,di  his  H:)Verei}(n8  proniixed  to  recall  Hovu- 
dilla,  they  did  not  restore  C'olund)UH  to  his  (j;ov- 
crnnient.  Their  jealoiiNy  wan  not  yet  entirely  re- 
moved. In  the  lie},'innin>{  of  I.OO'J,  Ovnndo  was 
Kent  out  governor  of  Hi.spaniola,  and  tlum  a  new 
])roof  was  ^iven  of  the  Huspicion  and  injuHtice  of 
the  S])anish  kinjf. 

ColinnhuH,  slill  intent  on  discovering  a  passage  to 
India,  sailed  on  his  fourth  voyage  from  Cadiz  May 
0,  1502,  with  four  small  vessels,  the  largest  of 
which  was  hut  of  seventy  tons.  lie  arrived  off 
St.  Domingo  .June  29,  hut  Ovandu  refused  him 
admission  into  the  ])ort.  A  fleet  of  eighteen  sail 
was  at  this  time  ahout  setting  sail  for  Spain. 
Colunilius  advised  Ovando  to  stop  them  for  a  few 
days,  as  ho  )>i  rceived  the  prognostics  of  an 
a])proaching  storm;  hut  his  salutary  warning 
was  disregarded.  The  fleet  sailed,  and  of  the 
eighteen  vessels,  but  two  or  three  escaped  the 
hurricane.  In  this  general  wreck  perislied  Bova- 
dllla,  Koldan,  and  the  other  enemies  of  Columbus, 
together  with  the  immense  wealth  which  they 
had  unjustly  acquired.  Columbus  under  the  lee 
of  the  shore  rode  out  the  tempest  with  great  diffi- 
culty, lie  soon  left  llispaniola,  and  discovered 
the  bay  of  I  londuras.  He  then  jjroceeded  to  Cajie 
Gracias  li  Dios  and  thence  along  the  coant  to  the 
Isthmus  of  Darien,  where  he  hojjcd  but  in  vain 
to  find  a  passage  to  the  great  sea  beyond  the  :'on- 
tinent,  which  he  believed  would  conduct  him  to 
India.  Nov.  2,  he  found  a  harbor,  which  on 
account  of  its  beauty  he  called  I'orto  Jiello.  lie 
afterwards  met  with  such  violent  storms  as  threat- 
ened liis  leaky  vessels  with  destruction.  One  of 
them  he  lost  and  the  other  he  was  obliged  to 
abandon.  With  the  two  remaining  ships  he  with 
the  utmost  difficulty  reached  the  island  of  Ja- 
maica in  1003,  being  obliged  to  run  them  aground 
to  prevent  them  from  sinking.  His  ships  were 
ruined  beyond  the  possibility  of  being  repaired, 
and  to  convey  an  account  of  his  situation  to  His- 


paniohi  ptermed  impractirablr.  lUit  hiit  frrtilr 
geniiiJt  discovered  the  only  expedient  wh!(U  w.ti 
left  him.  He  obtained  from  the  naliven  tw.  r./ 
their  canoes,  each  formed  out  of  u  single  .:  c.  , 
In  llii'NC,  two  of  his  most  faithful  friemU  offcifii 
to  set  out  <m  n  voyage  of  above  thirty  lenguen. 
Thry  reached  HiN|,,inii)la  in  fen  dayi«,  but  lh»y 
solicited  relief  for  their  (ompanions  eight  month  , 
in  vain.  Ovando  was  governt'd  by  a  mean  ir.(. 
ousy  of  Columbus,  and  ho  won  willing  that  ho 
should  perish.  In  the  mean  time  Coltnubus  had 
to  struggle  with  the  greiiteKt  ditliculties.  His 
seamen  threatened  his  life  for  bringing  them  into 
such  trouble;  they  mutinied,  seized  n  number  of 
boats,  and  went  to  n  distant  j, art  of  the  island; 
the  natives  nnirmured  nt  the  long  residence  of 
the  Spaniards  among  them,  and  began  to  bring 
in  their  jirovisions  with  reluctance.  Jhit  the  inge- 
nuity and  f'oresi^  .t  of  Columbus  again  relieved 
him  from  his  difHeullies.  He  knew  that  a  total 
eclipse  of  the  moon  was  near.  On  the  day  before 
it  occurred,  he  assembled  tho  principal  Indians, 
and  told  them  thot  the  Great  Spirit  in  heaven 
was  angry  with  them  for  withdrawing  their  assis- 
tance from  his  servants,  the  Spaniards;  that  he 
was  about  to  punish  them ;  and  that  as  a  sign  of 
his  wrath  the  moon  would  be  obscured  that  very 
night.  As  the  eclipse  came  on,  they  ran  to  Co- 
Inmbus,  loaded  with  jirovisions,  and  entreated  his 
intercession  with  the  Great  Sjiirit  to  avert  the 
destruction  which  threatened  them.  From  this 
time  the  natives  were  very  ready  to  bring  their 
provisions,  and  they  treated  the  Spaniards  with 
the  greatest  resi)ect. 

At  the  end  of  eight  months  Ovnndo  sent  a 
small  vessel  to  Jamaica  to  spy  out  the  condition 
of  Columbus.  Its  aj)])roach  inspired  the  greatest 
joy;  but  the  officer,  afler  delivering  a  cask  of 
wine,  two  flitches  of  bacon,  and  a  letter  of  com- 
pliment, immediately  set  sail  on  his  return.  To 
quiet  the  murmurs,  which  were  rising,  Columbus 
told  his  companions,  that  he  himself  had  refused 
to  return  in  the  caravel,  because  it  was  too  small 
to  take  the  whole  of  them ;  but  that  another  ves- 
sel would  soon  arrive  to  take  them  off.  The  mu- 
tineers from  a  distant  part  of  the  island  were 
apjjroaching  and  it  was  necessary  to  oppose  them 
with  force.  Columbus,  being  afilicted  with  the 
gout,  sent  his  brother,  Bartholomew,  against 
them,  who  on  their  refusing  to  submit  attacked 
them,  and  took  their  leader  prisoner.  At  length 
a  vessel,  wliich  was  purchased  by  one  of  his 
friends,  who  went  to  Ilis]ianiola  for  his  relief, 
came  to  Jamaica  and  released  him  from  his  un- 
pleasant situation.  On  his  arrival  at  St.  Domingo 
Aug.  13,  1G04,  Ovando  received  him  with  tho 
most  studied  respect,  but,  as  he  soon  gave  new 
proofs  of  malevolence,  Columbus  prepared  for  his 
return  to  Spain.  In  Sept.,  he  set  sail,  accom])a- 
nied  by  his  brother  and  son,  and  after  a  long 


COM'MKUS. 


COMSTOCK. 


257 


voynjfi',  In  which  he  cnroimti-rrd  violrnt  Mormx. 
mill  lifter  KiiiliiiK  Ni'vcn  hundrril  li-nKurH  with  Jury 
niaiilM,  he  rrjichi'd  the  port  nf  St.  I.iicur  in  lUv. 
Ill-  now  wiiH  inforniril  »(  \hv  death  of  Iun  |ialriin- 
CHI,  iKahrllii.  He  kooii  n'jiairi'd  to  court,  luid 
nft'T  H|>cudin,'  aliout  u  year  in  fruitiest  Hohcitation 
for  hiH  violated  rightx,  and  after  callinf^  in  >ain 
upon  n  Hoverci;(u  to  rcKpcct  IiIn  cnKii)?''i>i<'Ht«,  he 
dieil  at  Vnllndolid,  lea\iu);  two  koiim,  I)oii  Dicf^o 
and  Ferdinand.  HIh  hodv  was  depo'lted  in  the 
coiiveot  of  St.  I'Vanciscoi  and  in  I.'jI.'J  removed  to 
the  ni'iniNtery  of  the  CarthiLsians  at  Seville,  and 
thence  in  loUti  to  the  city  of  St.  Doruin^o  in 
llispaniola,  where  it  wati  placed  in  t)ie  chancel  of 
the  cathedral.  In  17!)."),  when  the  Spnninh  part 
of  lIiN|inniola  wiin  ceded  to  I'Vancc,  the  hones  of 
Coluinl)UM  were  transported  to  the  Havana, 
where  they  now  lie,  in  the  wall  of  the  cathedral. 
At  thi.s  city  a  enlof,'y  was  pronounced  on  the  occa- 
niou  hy  an  a^'cd  priest,  .Ian.  17,  17!)<l,  in  the  pres- 
ence of  nearly  a  hinidred  thousand  jieojile.  .\ 
white  ninrhle  tablet  was  inserted  in  tin;  wall  in 
imj'J,  liaviiif^  on  it  a  medallion  profde,  and  nn 
iMscri|)tion,  wishing;  his  remains  mi^'ht  remain  n 
thousand  years  in  the  urn  and  in  the  remem- 
hrance  of  the  nation. 

In  the  character  of  Columbus  were  combined 
the  (inalities  which  constitute  f^rentncss.  He 
])osseHsed  a  strong  and  jienetrating  mind.  He 
knew  the  sciences,  as  they  were  taught  nt  the 
jieriod  in  which  he  lived,  lie  was  fond  of  great 
enterjjrises,  and  capable  of  prosecuting  them  with 
the  most  unwearied  jjatience.  He  Hurmounted 
dilficulties  which  would  have  entirely  discournged 
jjersons  of  less  firmness  and  constancy  of  spirit. 
His  Invention  extricated  him  from  many  ])erplex- 
ities,  and  his  prudence  enabled  him  to  conceal  or 
subdue  his  own  infirmities,  whilst  he  took  ndvan- 
tago  of  the  jjussions  of  others,  adjusting  his  be- 
havior to  his  circumstances,  temporizing,  or  acting 
with  vigor,  as  the  occasion  required.  He  was  a 
man  of  tmdaunted  courage  and  high  thoughts. 

The  following  instance  of  the  ingenuity  of 
Columbus,  in  vindicating  his  claim  to  resj)ect  for 
his  discoveries,  is  related  by  Peter  Martyr.  Not 
long  before  his  death,  at  a  jmblic  dinner,  the 
nobility  insinuated  that  his  discoveries  were  rather 
the  result  of  accident  thou  of  well-concerted  meas- 
\ires.  Columbus  heard  them  decry  his  services 
for  some  time,  but  at  length  called  for  aii  egg, 
and  asked  them  to  set  it  u])right  on  its  smaller 
end.  When  they  confessed  it  to  be  impossible, 
he  flatted  its  shell  by  striking  it  gently  u])on  the 
table  till  it  ptood  upright.  The  company  imme- 
diately exclaimed,  with  a  sneer,  "  Any  body  might 
have  done  it." — "  Yes,"  said  Columbus,  "  but  none 
of  you  thought  of  it.  So  1  discovered  the  Indies, 
and  now  every  i)iiot  can  steer  the  same  course, 
llcmember  the  scoffs  which  were  thrown  at  me 
before  I  put  my  design  in  execution.  Then  it 
33 


wiu  a  drrnm,  n  chimem,  n  dehiiiiont  now  it  U 

what  nnvbody  might   have   dune   hh  well   iut   I." 

The  signature  to  his  will  is  an  fidlown  ; 

8 

R.  A.  H. 

X       M       V 

r.I.  AI.MIII.^NTK 

Instead  of  the  )ast  line,  the  .Vdniiral,  he  some- 
times put  the  words,  — 

XI'K  fKtlKNft. 

Or  Christo  Kerens.  The  other  letters  have  not 
been  exphiined.  They  are  supposed  to  be  the 
ciphers  of  a  pious  ejaeidation  to  Christ  and  Mary 
and  .losephus,  as  Saneta  Maria,  Salva  me,  etc. 
Mr.  Irving  has  not  accounted  for  the  disposition 
of  tlu'  letters  in  the  form  of  a  pyramid.  It  was 
])robably  with  reference  to  the  name  Colon,  Col- 
onna  in  Italian,  a  rulitmn. 

Columbus  was  tall  of  stature,  large  ai\d  muscu- 
lar, long  visaged,  of  a  majestic  aspect,  his  noso 
hooked,  his  eyes  gray,  of  a  clear  complexion,  and 
st)mewhat  ruddy.  He  was  willy  and  elegant. 
His  conversation  was  discreet,  which  gained  him 
the  all'ections  of  those  with  whom  he  had  to  deal, 
and  his  ])resence  attracted  res])ect,  having  an  air 
of  authority  and  grandeur.  He  was  always  tem- 
perate in  eating  and  dilnking,  and  modest  in  hid 
dress.  He  understood  Latin  and  composed  ver- 
ses. In  religion  he  was  a  very  zealous  ond  ilevout 
Catholic.  He  left  two  sons,  Diego  and  Ferdinand. 
The  latter  entered  the  church :  he  collected  the 
richest  library  in  Spain,  consisting  of  twelve  thou- 
sand volumes,  which  he  bequeathed  to  the  cathedral 
church  of  Seville,  where  he  resided.  Diego  was 
for  a  time  admiral  and  governor  of  llispaniola. 

Columbus  was  ever  faithful  to  his  ])rinte.  How 
far  the  artifices,  to  which  he  had  recourse  in  the 
dangerous  circumstances  in  which  he  was  ])laced, 
can  be  justified,  it  might  not  be  ea.sy  to  decide. 
He  is  re])resented  as  a  person  who  always  enter- 
tained a  reverence  for  the  Deity,  and  confidence 
in  his  protection.  His  last  words  were,  "  Into 
thy  hands,  O  Lord,  I  commend  my  spirit."  His 
life  was  written  by  his  son  Ferdhiand.  His  per- 
sonal narrative,  translated  by  Samuel  Kettell, 
was  published  at  IJoston,  8vo.,  1827  ;  his  life  by 
Irving,  4  vols.,  12mo.,  Paris,  1829.  —  Robertson's 
Hint.  America,  book  H. ;  Ilelknap's  liiof/.  I.  86- 
148;  Holmes;  IkrreriCs  Jlint.  America,!.;  Ir- 
vinq'a  Life  of  Columbus. 

COMFOKT,  David,  died  in  Kingston,  N.  J., 
Dee.  28,  18,5.'l,  aged  89.  lie  was  fifty  years  pas- 
tor of  hi.s  flock. 

COMLY,  John,  a  Friend,  died  in  Uyberry, 
Penn.,  Aug.  17,  1850,  aged  70,  author  of  a  pop- 
ular spelling-book  and  grammar. 

COMSTOCK,  D.VMEL,  Dr.,  died  in  Danbury, 
Conn.,  Aug.  27,  1848,  aged  82.     For  forty  years 
he  had  been  a  member  of  the  church.    The  gos- 
pel sustained  him  in  affliction  and  infirmity. 
COMSTOCK,  Cyrus,  died  in  Lewis,  N.  Y., 


258 


COXANT. 


COOKE. 


Jan.  8,  lfi,)3,  nfjcd  8(!.  lie  ]ilantr(l  nearly  rvcry 
Cnnf^rt'^utionul  cliurcli  in  ICsscx  comity,  wluix'  lie 
labored  nearly  forty  years,  c'ini)loye(l  l)y  the  lierk- 
nhire  missionary  association. 

COXANT,  ][(i(;i;it,  an  early  settler  in  Mass., 
born  in  1  Jiil,  euino  to  I'lyniouth  In  KiJ.'),  and 
removed  to  Nantasket  in  l()2.j,  and  tlience  in  the 
antumn  to  ('a],(^  Ann,  intrusted  witii  the  eare  of 
the  ])lantation  liy  the  adventurers  in  lln^jland. 
lie  tliscovcred  Xanmkeak  or  Salem,  and  jiroijosed 
that  as  a  better  jdace  of  settlement,  and  Iniill  the 
first  house  there  in  KiL'O.  lie  was  representative 
at  the  first  court  in  lO;}!,  and  died  at  IJeverly 
Nov.  10,  1070,  af^ed  SK.  His  son,  ]lofi;er,  vas  the 
first  white  child  born  ii.  Salem,  and  innn  that  cir- 
cumstance had  a  grant  oi  twenty  acres  in  ICK). — 
Fanner's  New  Euijluitd  llcijixlcr. 

COXAXT,  Sylvams,  minister  of  Middlelx.r- 
oup;h,  Mass.,  was  {graduated  at  llarvan'  collcf^e  i.i 
1740,  and  was  ordained  as  the  s  'ccessor  of  J'^'ter 
Timelier  March  l!8,  1715;  but  a  minority,  opjiosed 
to  him,  soon  settled  Thomas  "S\'eld  as  their  minis- 
ter, lie  died  of  the  small-pox  Dec.  7,  1777,  and 
was  succeeded  by  Josejih  Barker.  He  i)ublished 
a  letter  on  the  cleath  of  his  wife,  with  a  j)ocm  to 
her  memory  by  Judge  I'eter  Oliver,  IT.'itj ;  a  dis- 
course at  I'lymonth,  177G. 

COXDEli,  Mils.,  wife  of  Daniel  T.  Condee,  mis- 
sionary at  the  Sandwich  Islands,  died  in  March  or 
April,  1855,  at  Wailuku,  aged  41.  Her  name 
was  Andelucia  Lee  of  Jericho,  Vt.  She  em- 
barked in  183G.  In  her  last  hours  she  had  the 
consolation  of  knowing,  that  her  two  daughters 
were  sharers  in  the  great  salvation  of  the  gospel. 
Though  about  to  leave  husband  and  children, 
she  hojied  to  meet  them  on  the  shores  of  hnmor- 
tality. 

COXDIT,  Aakon,  died  m  Morristown,  X.  J., 
in  April,  1852,  aged  87,  nearly  forty  years  pastor  at 
Hanover.  He  ])reaclied  ten  thousand  sermons, 
had  nine  or  ten  revivals,  received  six  hundred  and 
forty-four  persons  into  his  church,  eleven  of  whom 
became  preachers,  and  baj)tized  one  thousand  and 
fifty-five.  Four  of  his  sons  were  ministers,  one 
of  whom,  Ilcv.  Jose])h  C,  of  South  lladley,  died 
Sept.  10,  1847,  aged  43.  —  Magic's  Ftin.  Seym. 

ClOX'^E,  Spencku  II.,  D.  D.,  a  Hajitist  minister, 
died  in  X'ew  York  Aug.  28,  1855,  aged  70.  At 
first  he  was  an  actor,  and  was  last  on  the  stage  in 
1811,  when  many  perished  in  the  burning  of  the 
Ilichmond  theatre.  He  afterwards  was  an  editor 
at  II.,  and  a  clerk  in  the  treasury.  In  1823  ho 
became  a  jiastor  in  Xew  York,  and  was  one  of 
the  most  distinguished  among  the  Uaptist  min- 
isters. 

COXGDOX,  IJi'XJAMiN  T.,  died  in  New  Bed- 
ford Ajiril  (i,  1851.     lie  published  the  Xew  Ued- 
ford    Couric-.  ini    anti-masonic   pajicr,  and  was 
register  of  dt'cds. 
COXKLIX',  liiCNJAMiN,  minister  of  Leicester, 


died  Jan.  .^0,  1708,  aged  05.  A  native  of  South- 
hold,  and  a  graduate  of  I'rinceton,  he  was  seltitd 
as  the  ("Uccessor  of  Mr.  Roberts  in  Xov.,  1703  : 
from  ill  health  he  was  dismissed  in  1701,  and  was 
succeeded  by  Mr.  Moore.  He  was  sagacious,  and 
energetic,  and  ]iatriotic.  In  the  Shays  rebellion 
he  lent  eileetual  aid  to  the  cause  of  good  order. 
.•\s  a  trustee  of  the  academy  he  was  also  useful. 
—  ]\'iis/il»ii ii'.i  Slitcli  (if  Liircsler  Aciidevnj. 

('()X\\'AY,  lli.MtY,  general,  a  hero  of  the 
Kev(dulion,  died  in  Mast  Tennessee  in  .Sejjt.,  1812, 
of  the  sting  of  bees. 

C'ONAVAY,  Thomas,  major-general,  a  native 
of  Ireland,  came  from  Trance  in  1777,  on  the 
rcconnnendation  of  Silas  Deane.  After  intrigu- 
ing against  Washington,  and  fighting  Gen.  Cad- 
wallader,  he  returned  to  I'rance  in  1778.  It  was 
while  Mill'ering  wider  the  wound,  received  in  the 
duel,  that  he  re])ented  and  wrote  to  Washhigton, 
"  You  are  in  my  e)  es  the  great  and  good  man." 

COXAVAY,  K()iii:nT,  general,  a  liero  of  the 
devolution,  died  at  (ieorgetown.  South  Carolina, 
in  Dec,  1823,  aged  70.  He  had  jireviously  lived 
at  Charleston. 

COXWELL,  IlKMiY,  D.  D.,  Eoman  Catholic 
bishop,  died  at  riiiladeliiliia  April  22,  1842,  aged 
01.    He  was  corsecrated  in  London  in  1820. 

COOKl'],  Aahox,  cajitain,  died  at  Xorthamji- 
ton  Sept.  5,  KiOO,  aged  SO,  the  head  of  the  fami- 
lies of  Cooke.  lIc!  came  from  England  to  Dor- 
chester in  1G30,  and  lived  in  AVindsor  and 
Xorthampton.  He  hud  four  wives  ;  among  them 
the  daughter  of  Thomas  Ford  of  Whidsor.  His 
second  wife,  of  the  name  of  Dcnslow,  was  the 
mother  of  Aaron  Cook( . 

COOKE,  Elisiia,  a  ],liysician  of  Boston,  the 
son  of  llichaid  C.,  died  Oct.  31,  1715,  aged  78. 
He  was  born  Se])t.  10,  1037,  and  was  graduated 
at  Harvard  college  VSol.  After  having  been  an 
assistant  under  the  old  government,  he  was  sent 
to  England  in  1089  as  an  agent  of  Mass.  to  pro- 
cure the  restoration  of  the  charter.  He  was  de- 
cided in  his  opinion,  that  if  the  old  charter  could 
not  be  obtained,  it  would  be  better  to  meet  the 
conse(ineuceK,  tluiii  to  submit  to  a  charter  which 
abridged  the  liberties  of  the  people.  When  the 
new  charter  was  procured  in  1001,  ho  refused  to 
accept  it,  and  did  what  he  could  to  prevent  its 
acceptance.  Increase  Mather,  who  was  agent  at 
the  same  time,  pursued  a  different  course,  think- 
ing it  wise  to  submit  to  a  necessary  evil.  Though 
he  was  not  jilaced  in  the  list  of  co  -.ncillors,  nom- 
inated by  Dr.  Mather  in  1002,  from  ajiprehcn- 
sions  that  he  would  opjiose  the  new  charter ;  yet 
in  the  following  year  he  was  elected  in  Massa- 
chusetts. He  was,  however,  rejected  by  Gov. 
Phips,  because  he  o])])osed  his  ajipohitment  in 
Engk.i  A.  In  1001,  he  was  re-elected,  and  contin- 
ued ..  the  council  till  1703,  when  Gov.  Dudley 
negatived  his  election,  as  he  did  for  a  number  of 


'V^ 


COOKE, 


cooir.ii. 


259 


yrnrs  successively.  Tho\i;;li  esteemed  as  a  pliysi-  ■  He  died  June  I,  ITS.'J,  iij,'ed  7 1,  and  was  succeeded 
eian,  he  was  most  reniarliulile  in  his  political  char-  liy  Mr.  l"i.-k< .  He  was  a  num  of  sciei  te,  of  n 
aclei'.  invinir  heen  more  than  liirty  yi^irs  in  |)laees  social  disposition.  ilist!ii:;uislu d  liy  his  good  sensrt 
of  ])ul)lic  trust,  and  liein;?  always  tirni  and  stea<ly  |  and  ]irudenee.  and  a  I'ailiil'ii!  servant  of  tiie  Lord 
to  his  ])rinei|)le.s.  He  married  a  daughter  of  |  Jesus.  He  ]>ul)lished  a  si  rrnon  at  the  ordination 
Gov.  I,everett.  —  llutr/iiii.v,ii,  1. 'W.i,  U)H;  II.  TO,  lof  ('.  lirown,  17  IS;  of  \\  .  Symmes,  17.J!);  the 
I'M,  '_M1.  I  election  sermon,  1770;  a  sermon  for  a  memorial 

COOKl',  I'.MSIIA,  distinguished  in  the  history    of  the  hatth;  of  i.exlngtoii,   1777. — Jlixl.  Cvtt. 
of  Mass.,  was  the  son  of  the  jirecediiig  and  was  i  VII.  ,'!,'!. 

graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  l(i!)7.  He  was  I  COOKI',  (;i:oi!(;i;  ]''lli;i)i;ui<',  a  theatrical  ]ier- 
a  rejjresentalive  of  Boston  in  the  general  court  in  '  former,  was  horn  in  Westminster,  .\pril  17,  17o(j. 
171-'i,  and  was  in  favor  of  a  private  hank,  rather  :  He  hecamc  distinguished  as  a  ])layer  in  London, 


than  of  the  puhlic  hank,  thi;  j)l»n  of  which  was 
ado]itcd  to  remedy  the  evils  of  the  bills  of  credit. 
He  was  elected  into  the  council  in  1717,  and  ini' 


in  INOO.  He  came  to  America  in  Nov.,  ISIO, 
and  was  much  admired.  He  was  intemperate, 
and  died  at  Xew   Vork  as  a  dnndiard,  !H'])t.  2(!, 


mediately  commenced  his  o])position  to  Gov.  1H12.  Mr.  HunUij)  published  his  memoirs,  2 
(Sluite,  engaging  on  the  ])opular  side.  This  was 
the  commencement  of  the  disj)ute.  The  ditl'urent 
parties  hecamc  more  hostile  ;  now  subjects  of  con- 
lro\ crsy  arose ;  and  Shute  was  at  length  obliged 
to  leave  the  colony.  Mr.  t'nokc  was  elected  a 
councillor  in  171S;  but  the  governor  in  a  man- 
ner not  very  civil  informed  him,  that  his  attend- 
ance at  the  board  would  he  excused.  In  1720  he 
was  chosen  speaker  of  the  house  of  rejjrcsenta- 
tives ;  hut  the  governor  negatived  the  choice,  and 
as  the  house  refused  to  make  a  new  election,  con- 
testing his  right  to  control  them,  he  dissolved  the 
assembly.  At  the  next  session  a  ditt'erent  jierson 
was  elected,  not  because  the  ])retension  of  Shute 
was  admitted,  hut  that  there  might  be  no  obstruc- 
tion to  the  j)rogrcss  of  the  regular  business  of  the 
court.  In  1723  he  was  a])i)ointed  agent  for 
Massachusetts,  and  sailed  for  London  in  January. 
Soon  after  his  return  he  was  chosen,  in  May,  1720, 
a  member  of  the  council.  On  the  accession  of 
Gov.  Belcher,  he  was  ajjpointed  in  ll'M  a  jus- 
tice of  the  common  pleas  for  SuHblk.  lie  had 
hitherto  retained  the  attachment  of  the  peo])le  by 
endeavoring  to  snjjjjort  their  liberties  ;  but  being 
desirous  of  lecuring  his  interest  both  with  the 
governor  and  the  town  of  Boston,  a  jealousy  was 
excited,  and  he  was  in  danger  of  losing  the  regard 


vols..  IHi:}. 

COOK]-;,  I'liii.if  r.,  died  Jan.  20,  IS.'O,  aged 
33.  The  son  of  John  K.  V.,  he  griu'uiated  at 
I'rinceton,  and  studied  law  with  his  father  at 
Winchester  in  Va.,  and  settled  on  the  Shenandoah, 
near  the  Blue  Bidge.  He  wrote  tales  for  the 
periodicals.  He  published  the  Froissart  ballads, 
1817. —  Ci/f.  iij  Ami rir.ini  lAL  II.  (i3ij. 

COOLIDCH';,  J(i.si;i'ii,  died  in  Boston,  Nov. 
10,  1810,  aged  07.  He  was  educated  in  Boston, 
and  in  a  military  academy  in  the  south  of  I'rancc. 
He  had  an  amp'e  fortune.  He  contributed  and 
toiled  for  tlie  establishment  of  the  McLean  asylum. 
For  railroads  he  subscribed  largely, —  not  for 
gain,  but  for  the  ])ubliu  good,  lie  was  of  a  pub- 
lic s])irit  art  energetic. 

COOri'.U,  John,  was  of  Scituate  in  1034,  but 
removed  to  Barnstable.  As  he  calls  Alice  Brad- 
ford his  sister,  his  wife  was  jirobably  of  the  name 
ol  Carjjenter.  At  his  death  he  left  one  thii'd  of 
his  large  estate  to  the  church. 

(;0()ri;K.  Wh.I.IAM,  minister  in  Boston,  died 
Dee.  13,  17  13,  aged  -10.  He  was  a  native  of  that 
town,  and,  being  early  impress(>d  by  the  truths  of 
religion  and  delighting  in  the  study  of  the  Scrip- 
tures, ])assed  through  the  temptations  of  youth 
without  a  blemish  upon  his  character,     lie  %va8 


of  both  i)arties.     In  1733  or  1731  he  vas  elected   grave,  but  not  gloomy  nor  austere;  discreet,  but 
representative  by  a  majority  of  only  one  or  two  |  not  ])recisc ;  and  clieerful,  with  innocence.    AVhilc 


votes  in  six  or  sever,  hundred,  lie  died  in  Aug., 
1737,  worn  out  with  his  labors,  having  been  many 
years  the  head  of  the  popular  party.  He  j)ub- 
lished  political  tracts.  —  Ilidcliiiisoii, 11.  221,  233, 
302,  318,  391 ;  Collect.  Hist.  Soc.  III.  300. 

COOKI'',  Wll.l.l.s-",  the  ilrst  minister  of  L'.ast 
Sudlau'y,  died  Nov.  12,  1700,  aged  03,  having 
been    a   useful   jjastor  for   thirty-six  years.     He 


a  m  mber  of  Harvard  college,  where  he  was  grad- 
uated ill  1712,  he  ardently  cultivated  those 
branches  of  science  which  were  most  useful  and 
important,  livery  literary  pursuit  was  sanctiticd 
by  i)rayer,  and  every  human  accpiisition  rendered 
subservient  to  the  knowledge  of  (i(jd  and  religion. 
So'Mi  after  he  began  to  ])reach,  the  <minenec  of 
his  qualilications  as  a  minister  attracted  the  at- 


graduated  at  Harvard  in  1710,  and  was  the  libra- !  tention  of  ihe  church  in  Brattle  street,  Boston, 


nan.  lie  was  succeeded  at  S.  by  Mr.  Bridge, 
lie  published  a  sermon  at  ordinatitm  of  Elisha 
Marsh,  1712;  of  Samuel  Baldwin,  1757. 

COOKE,  S.VMi'i;!,,  lirst  minister  of  the  second 
parish  in  Cambridge,  was  graduated  at  Harvard 
college  in  1735,  and  ordained   Sept.    12,  173U. 


and  he  was  imlted  to  be  colleague  j)astor  with 
^Ir.  Ci>lman.  At  his  own  re(piest  !;is  ordination 
was  delayed  for  a  year,  until  }■•.  ly  23,  1710,  when 
he  was  inducted  into  the  sacred  oltice.  I'rom 
this  p''riod  to  that  of  his  death  iiis  ministerial 
gifts,  graces,  and  uscfuhiess  seemed  constantly  to 


1 1 

i 


: 


l!1 


2G0 


coopim. 


iiicroajic,  and  tlio  more  lie  was  known,  the  more 
ho  was  c:<l('cnic<l,  loved,  and  honored.  In  tlie 
year  M'.ll  ho  was  tlioscn  prosidont  of  Harvard 
coll(';((',  lull  lie  diTliiiod  llic  hoiioralilc  tnisf. 

Ilo  wa^:  an  cinin,  nt  jiroachcr,  Ixiii;,'  an  alilo  .and 
zealous  ndvofalc  of  the  dislingiiishing  doctrines  of 
the  <,'(.'ii)el.  .fesuK  Christ  was  ever  the  prominent 
olijett  in  his  discourses.  He  insisted  much  on  the 
doctrines  of  ^'race;  considerinj?  them  as  not  oidy 
constitutinf?  the  sole  fouiid:ition  of  a  siiuier's  hope, 
hnt  as  exhihiliuf,-  the  cai)ital  aids  and  incentives 
to  lioliness  of  heart  anil  life.  Hence  his  preach- 
in",'  was  ]iriictic;d  as  well  as  evanj^elical.  He  in- 
culcated obedience  u])on  Christian  jjrincijdes  and 
by  Christian  arguments.  His  sermons  were  easy 
and  natural  in  method;  rich  in  important  truth; 
])lain  I)ut  not  grovcllin;,' in  style;  solid  and  argu- 
mentative, yet  animated  with  the  s])irit  of  devo- 
tion; calculated  at  once  to  enlighten  the  mind, 
to  impress  tlu;  conscience,  and  to  warm  the  heart. 
In  explaining  tlio  profi)und  and  sublime  truths  of 
the  gosjiehhe  had  the  shignlar  felicity  io  bo  intel- 
ligible to  the  i'riiorant,  instructive  to  the  well- 
informed,  and  {•difying  to  the  serious.  In  prayer 
he  remarl-ably  ( xcclled.  He  had  a  voice  at  once 
strong  and  ])leasant,  and  -locution  grave  and  dig- 
nified; while  a  deep  im;  ression  of  God,  whose 
mercy  he  inqjlori'd  and  whose  messages  he  de- 
livered, was  visible  in  his  countenance  and  de- 
meanor, and  added  an  indescribable  solemnity  to 
all  his  ))erformances.  His  benevolent  labors  were 
not  in  vain.  He  was  an  eminent  instrument  and 
jjvomoter  of  the  great  revival  of  religion,  which 
occurred  toward  the  close  of  his  life.  AVith  a 
heart  overflowing  with  joy  he  declared  that,  "  Since 
tlv  year  1740,  more  j)eo])le  heal  sometimes  come  to 
itim  in  concern  about  their  souls  in  one  week, 
than  in  the  preceding  twenty-four  years  of  his 
ministry."  'I'o  these  a])i)licants  he  was  a  most 
judicious  and  affectionate  counsellor  and  guide. 
Though  the  general  attention  to  the  things  of 
another  world  was  ])ronounccd  by  many  to  be  en- 
thusiasm and  fanaticism;  yet,  Mr.  Cooper,  while 
he  withstood  the  irrcgularltic^s  \vhich  ])revailed, 
was  ])ersuadcd  that  there  was  a  remarkable  work 
of  Divine  grace.  The  numerous  instance*  in  his 
own  j)arish,  of  jiersons  affected  either  with  pun- 
gent and  distressing  convictions  of  sin,  with  deep 
humiliation  and  sclt-abhorrcnoe,  with  ardent  love 
to  God  and  man.  or  with  )nt'.\|>f<'(isiblc  consols 
tion  in  religion,  j)crfcctly  u^itiifd  him  that  tW 
])Ower  of  the  ])i\'ine  ]{ejwiv*er,  Sanctifier,  and 
Comforter  was  among  them .  fn  tlie  private  walks 
of  life  he  displayed  the  combined  <»xcelloncies  of 
the  gentleman  and  Christian.  H(  liad  but  little 
warning  of  the  approach  of  death,  Invt  in  the  lucid 
intervals  of  his  disease,  Iw  wax  enabled  to  declare 
that  he  rejoiced  in  God  hte  Saviwir. 

He  published  a  sermon  on  tho  i«vcomi>rehen- 
siblencss  of   God.    1714;  how   und  *hy   yw*ng 


COOPER. 

])PO])le  sliould  cleanse  their  way,  171(5;  n  sermon 
to  young  ])eople,  17L'.'l;  a  funeral  sermon  on  J. 
Corey,  17L'(i;  on  the  carthrpiake,  1727;  n  dis- 
course on  early  ])iety,  172N;  a  discourse  on  the 
reality,  extremity,  and  a))solute  certainty  of  hell 
torments,  17!jli;  on  the  death  of  I.ieut.-Gov. 
Tailer,  17!12;  at  the  ordination  of  It.  IJreck, 
17.'5() ;  concio  hyem.alis,  or  a  winter  sermon,  1737  ; 
on  the  death  of  1'.  Thacher,  17;J!);  the  doctrine 
of  ])redestination  unto  life  exidained  .and  vindi- 
cated in  four  sermons.  1740,  which  were  re])ub- 
lished  in  1804;  election  sermon,  174(1;  a  preface 
to  i'ldwards'  sermon  on  the  trial  of  the  spirits, 
1741  ;  two  sermons  preached  at  Portsmouth  in 
thi>  time  of  the  revival,  1741.  —  Cnlwau's  I'u- 
ne  -al  Sermon  ;  VnnopUst,  II.  537-540 ;  Voll.  Hist. 
F>o<\  X.  1.57. 

COOPl'.U,  Samiiol,  I).  I).,  minif.ter  in  Boston, 
son  of  the  jjrcceding,  died  Dec.  29,  1783,  aged 
58.  He  was  born  ^larch  28,  1725.  Ho  exhib- 
ited early  marks  of  a  masterly  genius.  As  his 
mind  was  deej)ly  imjjresscd  by  religious  truth, 
soon  after  he  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college, 
in  1743,  he  devoted  himself  to  the  study  of  divin- 
ity, ])rcferring  the  oflice  of  a  mini.sler  of  the 
gosjiel  to  the  temporal  advantages  which  his  tal- 
ents might  have  procured  him.  When  he  first 
a])pcared  in  the  puljnt,  his  performances  were  so 
a'ceptable,  and  raised  such  expectations,  that  at 
the  age  of  twenty  years  ho  was  invited  by  the 
congregation  in  lirattle  street,  Boston,  to  succeed 
his  father  as  colleague  with  Dr.  Colman.  In  this 
office  he  was  ordained  May  21,  1746,  thirty  years 
.after  the  ordination  of  his  father.  He  did  not 
disa])point  the  ho])es  of  his  friends.  His  reputa- 
tion increased,  and  he  soon  became  one  of  the 
most  popular  preachers  in  the  country.  After  a 
ministry  of  thirty-seven  years  he  died  of  the 
ajMJplexy. 

Dr.  Coojjcr  was  very  distinguished  in  the  sacred 
office  which  he  sustained.  His  sermons  were 
evangelical  and  i)ersj)icuous,  and  unequalled  in 
America  for  elegance  and  ta.ste.  Delivering 
them  with  energy  and  ])athos,  his  elocpienee  ar- 
rested attention  and  warmed  the  heart.  In  his 
prayers,  which  were  uttered  with  humility  and 
reverence, there  was  a  grateful  variety;  and,  as 
they  were  pertinent,  scriptural,  and  animated 
with  the  spirit  of  devotion,  they  were  admirably 
calculated  to  raise  the  souls  of  his  fellow  wor- 
8hij)pers  to  God.  His  presence  in  the  chambers 
of  the  sick  was  peculiarly  acceptable,  for  he  knew 
how  to  address  the  conscience  without  offence,  to 
impart  instruction,  to  sooihe,  and  to  comfort. 
His  attention  was  not  confined  to  theology;  but 
he  made  himself  acquainted  with  other  br.anches 
of  science,  and  was  one  of  the  most  finished  clas- 
tmti  scholars  of  his  day.  His  fricndshi])  to  liter- 
atww  hiduced  him,  af\er  the  destruution  of  the 
lilwar,-  of  M*rvard  collogj'  by  fire,  to  exert  hlm- 


\.: 


COOPER. 


COOPER. 


261 


self  to  procure  suhscriptiDiis  to  ropalv  the  loss,  ■ 
III  1"()7  liP  was  ck'ctcil  a  hkmiIht  of  tlic  corpora- 
tion, in  wliidi  otlicc  lie  contin-.iid  until  his  dcatli. 
lie  was  an  active  nu'inlicr  of  tl-.e  society  Cor  prop-  . 
a^atinfj  the    },'ospel    amonjj;   the   ahorif^iiies    of 
America.     To  his  other  ae(iuisitions  he  added  a  | 
just  kiio\vled;;(-  of  the  nature  and  desif^n  of  ;;()V-  ' 
crnnient,  and  tiie  ri^Iits  of  mankind.     Most  sin- 
eerely  attached  to  the  cause  of  civil  and  relif;ioiis 
liherty,  he  was  ainonj;  the  first  of  those  patriots 
who  took  a  decided  jjart  in  opjjosition  to  the  arhi-  ' 
trars    exactions   of  (Jreat  Uritain.     In  his   inter- 
course with  his  fellow-citizens,  and  hy  his  pen,  he 
endeavored  to  arouse  and  streiij^tlien  the  spirit  of 
resistance.     Such  were  his  abilities  and  firmness,  j 
that  ho  was  esteemed  and  consulted  hy  some  of, 
the  j)rincipal  men  who  were  the  means  of  effect-  [ 
iuf^  our  Revolution.     lie  did  much  toward  pro- 
curing foreign   alliances.     His  letters  were  read 
with  f^reat  satisfaction  in  the  court  of  Versailles, 
wliilc  men  of  the  most  distinguished  characters  in 
Europe  became  his  corres])ondents.     The  friend-  ] 
ship  which  he  maintained  with  Dr.  Franklin  and 
Mr.  -VdaiTis  was  the  means  of  introducing  to  his 
acquaintance   many   gentlemen   from  France,  to  1 
whom  he   rendered    himself  peculiarly  ngrcciiblo  ! 
by  his  literary  attainments,  by  an  engagiiig  ad- 
dress, and  by  the  ease  and  politenos.s  of  his  man- 
ners.    Receiving   from  Dr.  Franklin  the   letters 
of  Hutchinson,  procured  by  Mr.  Williamson,  with 
a  strict  injunction  not  to  allow  them  to  be  pub- 
lished, he  put  them  into  the  hands  of  a  gentleman 
under  the  same  injunction;   but  his   confidenco 
was  misplaced.     When  his  country  had  asserted 
her  right  to  independence,  believing  that  knowl- 
edge is  necessary  to  the  support  of  a  tree  govern- 
ment,  he   was   anxious   to  render  our  liberties 
])orpetual  by  promoting  literary  establisliments. 
He  was  therefore  one  of  the  foremost   in  laying 
the  foundation  of  the  American  academy  of  art.s 
and  sciences,  and  was  chosen  its  first  vice  jiresi- 
dent  in  the  year  1780.     In  his  last  illness  he  ex- 
pressed his  great  satisfaction  in  seeing  his  country 
in  ])eace,  and  in  possession  of  freedom  and  inde- 
pendence, and  his  hopes  that  the  \irtuc  and  the 
jjublic  spirit  of  his  countrymen  would  prove  to 
the  world  that  they  were  not  unworthy  of  these 
inestimable  blessings.     In  the  intervals  of  reason, 
he  informed  his  friends  that  he  was  j)erfectly  re- 
signed to  the  will  of  Heaven  ;  that  his  hopes  and 
consolations  sprang  from   a  firm  belief  of  those 
truths  which   he   had   preached  to   others;  and 
that  he  wished  not  to  be  detained  any  longer 
from  that  state  of  ])erfection  and  felicity  which 
the  gospel  had  ojjcned  to  his  view. 

Resides  his  political  writhigs,  which  a])])eared 
in  the  journals  of  the  day,  ho  published  the  fol- 
lowing discourses:  on  the  artillery  election,  IT'jl ; 
before  the  society  for  encouraging  industry,  ITo.'f ; 
at  the  general  election,  IToG;  on  the  reduction 


of  Quebec,  I'.jO;  at  the  ordination  of  J.  Jack- 
son. l"l!();  on  the  death  of  (icorge  II.,  17(11;  at 
the  Dudlcian  leeturc,  177;!;  f)i\the  commencement 
of  the  new  con.>*titiitioii  of  .Massachusetts,  Oct.  25, 
1780.  This  last  discourse  and  others  of  his  pro- 
ductions have  been  published  in  several  languages, 
and,  being  written  in  a  |)oli>hed  and  elegant  man- 
ner, were  well  e;\!culated  for  the  lips  of  an  elo- 
(juent  s])eaker,  such  as  he  himself  was.  He  was 
also  one  of  the  ])oetic  contributors  to  the  "  I'ietas 
et  Orutulatio,"  with  Dr.  Church  and  others,  1700. 
—  Clarlve'n  Inineidl  Sermon  ;  American  Herald, 
.Tan.  1!),  17H1;  ('ontiiieiital  Journal,  Jan.  22; 
Ilolmis;  Th'irlicr'n  Cent.  Disc. 

C0()I'I:R.  Myi.i;s,  D.  D.,  in-esident  of  King's 
college.  New  York,  died  in  I'dinburgh  May  1, 
17H.>,  aged  about  •>().  He  was  educated  in  tho 
university  of  Oxford,  where  he  took  the  degree 
of  master  of  art.s  in  1700.  He  arrived  at  New 
York  in  th(>  autumn  of  1702,  being  recommended 
l)y  the  archbishoj)  of  Canterbury  as  a  person  well 
qualified  to  assist  in  the  management  of  the  col- 
lege, and  to  succeed  the  jjresident.  He  was  re- 
ceived by  Dr.  Johnson  with  the  affection  of  a 
father,  and  wa.s  immediately  a])pointed  jirofessor 
of  moral  philosophy.  After  the  resignation  of 
Dr.  Johnson  in  Feb.,  17()3,  he  was  ciiosen  jneci- 
dent,  previously  to  the  ''ommencrmer.t  in  May. 
It  was  not  long  before  Dr.  Clossey,  a  gentleman 
who  had  been  educated  in  Trinity  college,  Dublin, 
and  had  taken  the  degree  of  doctor  of  physic, 
was  appointed  jjrofessor  of  natural  philosophy. 
A  grammar  school  was  also  established  and  con- 
nected with  the  college,  under  the  care  of  Mr. 
Cushing,  from  ]3oKton.  The  classes  were  now 
taught  by  Mr.  ('ooper,  Mr.  Harper,  and  Dr. 
Clossey ;  and  under  .such  able  instructors  they 
had  peculiar  advantnges.  In  the  year  1775  Dr. 
Cooper,  as  his  politics  leaned  toward  the  British, 
was  reduced  to  the  necessity  of  withdrawing  from 
the  college  atnl  retur:ii  ,t:  to  England.  He  was 
afterward  oi-e  of  the  j.  listers  of  the  Episcopal 
chapel  of  Edinburgh.  After  the  Revolution  Wil- 
liam Samuel  Johnson,  son  of  Dr.  Johnson,  was 
president  of  the  college'. 

Dr.  Cooper,  thougli  he  had  long  expected 
death,  waitivig  >  'iiently  for  its  ajiproach,  yet  died 
in  rather  a  .'^udden  manner.  The  following  epi- 
taph was  written  by  himself. 

"  IIcrD  lies  (1  priest  i)f  Knpfli.sh  lilooj, 
Who.  living,  liki!<l  wliaic'ci-  '.viisgoocl; 
Ciooi!  ri'tiipany,  Rootl  wiiu'   fji.pid  uamo, 
Yet  never  liunted  after  fame; 
Hut,  an  tile  fii'>t  lie  still  preferrcJ, 
?o  herti  lie  eliose  to  lie  interred, 
And,  iiiioliseured.  from  erowU.s  withdrew, 
To  rest  among  a  ehoscu  few, 
In  liuiii>)le  hopes  that  soven-ign  Ioto 
Will  raliio  him  to  be  bloi*t  above  " 

He  published  a  volume  of  poems  in  1758,  and 
a  sermon  on  civil  government,  preached  before 


262 


COOPEIl. 


COKBITANT. 


tlic  university  of  Oxford  on  a  f;ist,  1777.  M'liilc 
in  this  country  lie  niiiintaincd  n  lilirary  cliaracttr 
of  considcr.'ililc  cniincntc.  lie  wrote  on  the  miIi- 
Jcct  of  ail  Ami'riiaii  oj  i-eo|)at(',  and  soniftinus 
used  liis  ])cn  on  jHiliticai  sulijcct.-;.  It  is  said  he 
narrowly  escajird  the  fnry  of  the  vlii-js.  —  ycic 
awl  (Ivnnrdl  /llni/rnji/iirii/  /)ir/iii)i(iii/;  Miller, 
II.  ;{()!»;  I'tiniii/lrn/iiit  I'drkif,  ,Iidy  '20,  I'.Sj; 
C/i(ni<Uii'.s  LlJ'r  I'/  .l(,l,uxu„,  10(i-I()!». 

{'OOl'Kll,  AVil.i.iAM,  town  clerk  of  lioston 
forty-nine  years,  died  Nov.  2H,  INO!),  a-ed  89. 
lie  was,  it  is  helievcd,  the  lirother  of  ])r.  Samuel 
C,  and  he  was,  for  his  excellent  and  faithful  ser- 
vices, held  in  hi^di  estimation  in  Uoston. 

COOri-^ll,  J(jsi;i'n,  a  distinj^uishcd  farmer  of 
Cooiier's  Point,  N.  J.,  died  at  Wiiladelijliia  in 
Nov.,  IMS. 

C()()1'I;R,  Thomas,  M.  ]).,  jjresident  of  South 
Carolina  i  illcifc,  di(d  in  Columbia  May  11,  IS.'Ji), 
af^ed  79.  lie  was  horn  in  I'.iifjland  ahout  i7f)0, 
and  follow  1  lo  this  country  I'riestley,  who  came 
in  1791.  In  his  iioliiics  he  was  a  zealous  dem- 
ocrat ;  as  a  le<:iurir  he  was  learned  and  interest- 
ing. He  was  imha])])ily  an  Infidel,  lie  ])ul)lished 
works  on  law,  medical  jurisprudence,  and  ])olit- 
ical  economy.  lie  di{!;ested  the  statutes  of  South 
Carolina  in  4  vols.  He  translated  Justinian  and 
Broussais.  In  Pennsylvania  he  was  a  judy;e  of  com- 
mon law,  and  a  ju'ofessor  of  chemistry  at  Carlisle. 
COOPI'.U,  .Iami;s  I$.,  commander  in  the  U.  S. 
navy,  died  Feb.  o,  18j4,  at  lladdonfield,  N.  J., 
a}?ed  9.'J.  He  was  a  ca;)tain  in  Lee's  celebrated 
lef^ion  in  the  1  devolution  ;  assisted  in  'he  ca])ture 
of  Stony  Point  and  PaulusIIook;  and  was  en- 
gaged in  the  battles  of  (iuilford  court-house  and 
of  luitaw  Springs.  He  entered  the  navy  in 
July,  1S12,  as  sailing-master;  he  was  made  a 
comnianiU'r  in  1811. 

C'OOPKIl,  Jami;s  Fkximoui:,  di(d  in  Coop- 
erstown,  N.  Y.,  Se])t.  11,  18,jl,  aged  G2.  He  was 
the  son  of  Judge  William  C.,  of  I5urlington,X.  J., 
an  I'jiglish  immigrant.  He  graduated  at  Yale  in 
1805.  After  serving  in  the  navy  six  years,  in 
1811  he  married  INIiss  I)e  Lancey,  sister  of  the 
l)ishop  of  western  New  Yorli.  She  died  Jan.  20, 
18tj2.     In  182G  he  visited  Furojie. 

He  ])ublished  various  works  of  fiction :  Precau- 
tion, the  S])y,  the  I'ionecrs,  the  Jjoalher-stocking 
tales,  the  I'rairie,  the  last  of  the  Mohicans,  the 
Path-finder,  the  Deer-slayer,  the  Pilot;  the  lied 
rover,  the  Water-witch,  the  two  Admirals,  and 
Wing  and  wing  ;  the  iJravo.  the  Heideiunaur,  the 
Iltadsnian,  the  Homeward  bound,  the  Home  as 
found.  lie  wrote  also  a  history  of  the  Xavy,  and 
6  vols,  of  Gleanings  in  I'AU'opc  and  Sketches  of 
Switzerland. 

COPKI.ANl),  lAWRrxci;,  died  at  Braintrec 
Jan.  11.  1700,  aged  110. 

(!OPIiKY.  John  SiN(ii,i  ion',  an  eminent  painter, 
died  suddenly  in  England  Sept.  'lo,  1815,  aged 


'  about  70.  Tic  was  horn  in  17.'{S  in  Boston.  Ho 
had  a  natma!  talent  for  ])ainling,  and  was  the 
pupil  and  successor  of  Sniibert.  Many  full- 
Icngtl)  ])OrtraitH  painted  by  him  remain  in  Mas- 
sachusetts. In  coloring  and  drapery  he  excelled  ; 
and  his  likenesses  were  faithful.  He  went  to 
i  I'.ngland  before  the  war.  In  1770  he  was  admit- 
ted a  member  of  the  royal  academy  of  jjainting 
in  London.  He  was  ])atronized  by  ^Ir.  West. 
In  1771  he  went  to  Italy,  and  in  177(i  returned  to 
I'.ngland,  where  he  met  his  wife  and  children, 
whom  he  had  left  in  Boston.  He  now  devoted 
himself  to  ])ortrait  jjainting.  His  first  historical 
])icture  was  the  Youth  rescued  from  a  shark. 
His  picture  of  the  death  of  Lord  Chatham  estab- 
lished liis  fame.  Afterwards  he  ])ainted  the 
siege  of  Gibraltar;  Major  Pearson's  death  on  the 
island  of  Jersej  ;  Charles  I.  in  the  house  of  com- 
mons; the  surrender  of  Do  Winter  to  Duncan, 
besides  many  ])ortraits.  1  lis  mother  was  Sarah 
AYi  islow,  of  the  Plymouth  family.  Col.  Henry 
Bromfield  married  his  sister.  His  wife  was  the 
daughter  of  Kichard  Clarke,  a  merchant  in  Bos- 
ton, one  of  the  consignees  of  the  India  company's 
tea ;  a  connection  which  may  account  for  his  at- 
tachment to  the  royal  interest.  His  daughter 
married  Gardiner  Greene,  who  in  1818  presented 
to  Harvard  college  a  collection  of  all  the  jjroof 
engravings  of  Copley's  historical  paintings.  — 
Kiiapp's  Lerhtrcs,  191;  Eucyc.  Amcr. 

COltBITANT,  an  Indian  sachem,  living  at 
Mattapoisct,  a  neck  of  land  in  Swanzcy,  was  an 
enemy  of  the  Plymouth  j)lantation  at  the  first 
settlement.  1  le  was  a  sachem  mider  Massassoit. 
Indignant  at  the  jjcacc  made  with  thel'jiglish,  he 
in  1G21  seized  Squanto  at  Xamasket,  or  ^liddle- 
l)orougli,  ar.:l  put  his  knife  to  the  breast  of  Ilob- 
liamoc,  another  Indian,  iViendly  to  the  I-nglish, 
who,  being  stout,  broke  away  and  fled  to  I'h- 
mouth.  Cai)t.  Staudi^h  and  ten  men  were  im- 
mediately sent  to  Xamasket  to  take  Corbilant 
prisoner ;  hut  he  escaped.  Some  time  after.  Cor  • 
bitant,  through  the  mediation  of  Massassoit,  made 
peace,  and  ventured  to  show  himself  at  Plymouth. 
In  March,  102;5,  lie  was  visited  liy  i',.  Winslow 
and  John  II am])den, celebrated  in  I'.nglisli  history, 
with  I  Iol)bamoc  for  their  guide.  The  Indian  "  was 
a  notable  politician,  yet  full  of  merry  jests  and 
s([uibs,  and  never  better  jileased  than  when  the 
lik'  were  returned  again  upon  him."  He  in- 
quired why  it  was,  that,  when  he  visited  the 
iMiglish,  the  guns  were  pointed  towards  him  ; 
and  on  being  told  it  was  out  of  rcs])ect  and  honor, 
ho  said,  shakhig  his  head,  ho  "  liked  not  such  sal- 
utations." On  seeing  his  visitors  ask  a  blessing 
on  their  food,  he  iiupiired  the  meaning,  and  on 
being  told  the  reason,  said  it  was  well ;  he,  too, 
believed  in  an  Almighty  power,  called  Kiditan.  — 
Ilitit.  Coll.  Mil.  2()3;  .iloiirl\-  lldal.  in  2  ///.bY. 
Coll.  IX.  51;  Bdknup's  Bioijraphij,  it.  229. 


couLiyr. 


COJINKMIS. 


263 


C'OIILI"!",  r.l.UAir,  ail  ciniMiMif  ii.stnictnr,  com- ' 
niciu'cd   his  lahois  at  Canildidgf  not  loiij;  at'liT 
the  th'st  st'tih'ini'iit  (if  ihc  town.     Ku  was  niastiT 
of  tlio   f^'ranuiiar  mIiooI  hLt\M'cn  forty  and  fifty 
years,  and  many  of  the  most  wortliy  men  in  the 
country   enjoy  evi   the  henelit  of  his  instructions  j 
])reviously  to  their  entrance  into   college.    The  j 
society  for  |)ro])aguting  thj  gospel  compensated  | 
him  for  liis  attention  to  I  lie  Indian  ^'.'liolars,  who  | 
were  designed    fo''  llie  university,     lie    died  in 
l()S7,aged  70.     lie  was  a  man  of  learning,  jiiety, 
and  resjiectability.     X.  Walter  iiublishedan  elegy 
on  his  death  in  l;I;'.!ik  verse.     He  wrote  a  Latii\ 
ejiitaph  on   Mr.  ]  looker,   which   is   inserted   in 
Matlier's  Magnalia.  — /7^v^  Cidl.  l.  2i;{;  Ml.'l'l; 
liij'c.  cf  Waller;  Miillni-'s  MiKjnalia,  111.08. 

CJOKNUUUY,  l^uwAiii)  Hydk,  lord,  governor 
of  New  York,  died  at  Chelsea  Aj)ril  1, 17l.'3.     lie 
was  the  son  of  the  l^arl  of  Clarendon,  and  being 
one  of  the  first  officers  who  deserted  the  army  of 
King  James,  King  AVilliani,  in  gratitude  for  his 
services,  apjjointed  him  to  an  American  govern- 
ment.    Hunted  out  of  England    by    a   host    of 
hungry   creditors,   bent    ujjon    accumulating    as 
much  wealth  as  he  could  scjueezo  from  the  purses 
of  an  impoverished  j)e(ij)Ie,  and  animated  wiili 
unequalled  zeal  for  the  churdi,   he  commenced 
his   administration,  as   successor  of  l.ord  liella- 
mont,  May  3,  1702.     llis  sense  of  justice  was  as 
weak   as    his  bigotry   was   uncontrollable.     The 
following  act  of  outrage  will  exhilnt  his  character. 
A  great  sickness,  which  was  j)robably  the  yellow 
fever,  ])revailing  in  New  York  in  1703,  Lord  Corn- 
bury  retired  to  .ramaica,  on  Long  Island ;  and,  as 
Jlr.  llubl)ard,  the  Presbyterian  minister,  lived  in 
the  best  house  in  the  town,  his  lordshii)  recuiested 
the  use  of  it  during  his  short  residence  there. 
Mr.  Hubbard  put  himself  to  great  inconvenience 
to  oblige  the  governor,  and  the  governor  in  re- 
turn  delivered    the   jiarsonage   house    into   the 
hands  of  tlie  ]'i])iscoj)al  party,  and  seized  u])on  the 
glebe.     In  the  year  1707  he  ihi])r'soned  without 
law  two  I'resliyterian  ministjrs  for  jjresuming  to 
j)reach  in  New  York  without  his  license.    They 
were  sent  out  hy  some  dissenters  in  London  as 
itinerant  preachers,  for  tlie  benefit  of  the  middle 
and   southern   colonies      He   had   a  conference 
with  them,   and   made    himself  conspicuous    as 
a  savage   bigot  and   an   ungentlomanly  tyrant. 
The  erics  of  liie  ojjpressed  reaching  the  ears  of 
tiie  queen  in  170H,  she  a])p(unted   Lord  Lovelace 
g.ivemor  in  his  stead.     As  s'lon  as  Cornbury  was 
sn|)erseded,  bis  creditors  tlirew  him   into  the  cus- 
tody of  the  sheritf  of  New  York;  lint  after  the 
death  of  his  father  ho  was  permitted  to  return  to 
I'lnghaid,  and  succeeded  to  the  earldom  of  Clar- 
endon.    Never  wa.s   there   a   governor   of  New 
York  so  miiversally  detested,  or  so  deserving  of 
abhorrence.     His  behavior  was  trilling,  moan,  and 


extravagant.  It  was  not  imcommon  for  him  to 
dress  liimself  in  a  woman's  habit,  and  tiien  to 
patrol  the  fort,  in  which  he  resided.  Ily  such 
freaks  he  drew  upon  him:.<  If  univer.-al  contempt; 
while  his  despotissn,  liigotry.  iiijuslice.  and  insn- 
tial'le  avarice  aroused  the  indignation  of  the 
people. —  .S;h/7/('.v  A'<  »•  IVo',,  lOl-lKi;  lliilih- 
insdii,  II.  123;  J/"rs/ii(/l,U  272. 

COUNl'.Lll'S,  ]'.I,IAS,  a  i)hysician  and  a  pa'riot 
of  the  Jtevohition,  ilied  at  Somers,  N.  Y.,  Juno 
13,  1S23,  aged  (i.j.  He  was  a  )■  tivc  of  Long 
Island.  At  the  ago  of  nineteen,  in  opjiisition  to 
the  advice  of  his  relatives,  who  were  ihiii  at- 
tached to  the  liritivh  cause,  he  repaired  to  New 
York  early  in  1777,  and,  l)elng  rifomniended  by 
his  instructor,  Dr.  Samue!  Lailiaui,  was  a]ipointed 
surgeon's  n\ut(.'  in  the  second  Uliode  Iskuiil  regi- 
ment, commanded  by  Col.  Israel  Angell.  On 
reconnoitring  near  the  lines  above  New  York,  he 
was  soon  taken  jirisoaer  and  tarried  to  the  "old 
Provost "  jail  in  the  city,  where  he  suffered  in- 
credible hardships,  till  with  great  coui'age  and 
])rcsenee  of  mind  he  made  his  cscajie  in  ^larch, 
l~~A.  He  immediately  rejoined  the  army  and 
continued  in  it  till  the  close  of  17.SI.  He  left  a 
widow,  three  daughters,  and  a  son.  As  a  ])hy- 
sician  be  had  extensive  and  successful  practice.  It 
was  while  he  was  in  the  army  that  he  received 
those  religious  impressions  which  issued  in  an 
established  Christian  hope.  A  warm  friend  to 
charitable  institutions,  he  left  100  dollars  to  each 
of  the  following  societies  :  the  American  bildo, 
education,  foreign  mission,  and  the  united  for- 
eign mission.  —  Boxtun  llccdnlcr,  July  !>,  1823. 

CORNELIUS,  KiJAS,  I).  I).,  secretary  of  the 
American  educiUion  society,  son  of  the  preceding, 
died  l-'eb.  12,  18,32,  ;ged  37.  Ho  graduated  at 
Yale  college  in  1813;  and,  after  studying  theol- 
ogy, engaged  in  1810  as  an  agent  of  the  Ameri- 
can board  of  commissioners  for  foreign  missions, 
in  which  cajiacity  he  was  for  one  or  two  years 
very  ac.ive  and  successful.  In  Se])t.  and  Oct., 
1817,  he  visited  the  missions  in  the  Cherokee  na- 
tion. On  his  way  thence  to  the  Chickasaw  nation 
he  met  a  ];arty  of  Indians  from  the  Arkansas, 
and  redeemed  from  them  a  little  Osage  oi  ■  ban 
ea])tive,  five  years  of  age,  and  .'•ent  the  girl  to  the 
I  mission  family.  The  snbse(|urnt  winter  he  Rjient 
I  at  New  Orleans,  in  the  employment  of  the  Mis- 
sionary society  of  Coimecticut.  He  arrived  in 
I  the  city  Dec.  30,  1817,  and  commenced  preaching 
and  gathering  a  congregation.  Jan.  22,  1818,  he 
was  joined  by  Sylvester  Larned,  aiul  they  luboreil 
together  till  the  congregation  was  organized  and 
Mr.  Lamed  invited  to  become  the  minister ;  after 
which  ho  tmned  his  attention  to  the  jioor  and 
sick  and  others  of  the  destitute.  In  the  sjjrin;^ 
he  returned  to  Andover ;  and,  July  21,  1819,  was 
installed  aR  colleague  with  Dr.  Worcester  at  Sa- 


2G4 


COIlNPLANTI'Il. 


COIITLANDT. 


U     i>4 


Icm.  In  So])t.,  lR2f),  lie  waH  disniiKscd  )iy  tho 
advice  of  a  iiiiitiial  council,  having'  lu'cn  aj)])('iiitc(l 
HC'crctaryof  llic  American  cdiicalion  society.  In 
the  service  of  tliis  institution  he  devised  the  j)lan 
of  pertnancnt  Kcliolarshijis.  and  met  vvitii  unex- 
aiti])lcd  success  in  solicitinj;  suliscrijitions.  He 
ostalilislied  also  the  (piarlerly  rcfjister  aiul  jour- 
nal of  the  American  education  society,  which  ho 
conducted  for  some  years,  assisted  hy  .^Ir.  It.  IJ. 
I'ldwards.  In  Oct.,  lA.'JI,  he  was  chosen  secretary 
of  the  American  hoard  of  commissioners  for  for- 
eijfn  missions, in  the  jjlaceof  Mr.  I'^arts, deceased. 
Hut  lie  had  sifjnilicd  his  accejttance  of  this  ollicc 
only  a  few  weelis,  and  Iiad  just  entered  the 
new  and  wide  field  of  toil  for  the  enlargement  of 
the  kingdom  of  Jesus  Christ,  when  he  was  re- 
moved from  the  world.  I'Aliaiisted  liy  n  journey 
from  IJoston,  he  was  taken  sick  at  I  lartibrd,  Conn., 
Feb.  7,  and  died  in  that  city  c)f  a  fevur  on  the 
In-ain.  Hi.-  wile,  the  daughter  of  llev.  Asahcl 
Hooker,  arrived  a  few  hours  after  liis  decease. 
Dr.  Cornelius  was  enterjjrising,  hold,  and  elo- 
quent; tliDii^h  ,  isolute,  yet  considerate  and  i)ru- 
dent.  Ol  A  'r.-orous  frame  and  determined  s])irit, 
he  w  '•  cajiablc  of  meeting  and  surmounting  great 
diffiii:-' !•-...  He  fell  in  the  fulness  of  liis  strength; 
nnii  '■  American  churches  arc  again  taught  not 
t'^  truht  in  m.i"  Ik-sides  his  labors  in  the  quar- 
terly jour.ia!  •  '.  the  ainnial  rejiorts  of  the  edu- 
cation socieiy,  he  published  a  discourse  on  the 
doctrine  of  the  trinity,  rciiriiited  as  No.  18o  of 
tho  tract  society.  His  memoirs,  by  B.  U.  Ed- 
wards, was  jiublished  1833. 

C01iX]*I,ANTi;K,  or  G.viiVAV,  an  Indian 
chief,  died  at  iSeneca  reservation,  X.  Y.,  Feb.  17, 
1830,  aged  aliout  100  years.  Ho  early  csjioused 
the  American  side.    His  associate  was  I  led  Jacket. 

COllNWALI-IS,  CiiARi,]:s,  marqtiis,  com- 
mander of  tlie  liritish  army  in  America,  surren- 
dered at  Vorktown,  Oct.  19,  1781,  an  event 
which  brought  the  war  to  a  close.  In  1790  he 
was  governor-general  of  India,  and  by  his  victo- 
ries in  the  war  with  Tijipoo  Sail)  acquired  higli 
reputation.  Again  was  he  aiijiointed,  in  180*;, 
governor  of  India,  where  he  died,  at  Cihazcpore, 
Oct.  5.  He  married  in  17(iS  Miss  Jones,  a  lady 
of  largo  fortune,  said  to  have  died  of  a  broken 
licart  in  consetiueiice  of  his  engaging  in  tlie  Amer- 
ican war.  lie  iiuhlished  an  answer  to  the  narra- 
tive of  Sir  Henry  Clinton,  1783. 

COlJliilA  1)1-:  SEUKA,  .Tosr.i'ii  ritANcris,  min- 
ister plenijiotentiary  from  I'ortugal  to  this  coun- 
try, was  born  in  17"jO,  and  .studied  at  Home  and 
Najiles.  Botany  early  engaged  his  attention. 
After  tho  jicace  of  Amiens  he  resided  eleven 
years  in  Paris.  Ho  came  to  this  country  in  1813, 
in  order  to  iirosecute  his  researches  in  natural 
history ;  and,  while  hero,  received  his  ajipoint- 
raent  as  minister  from  I'ortugal.  He  died  at  Lis- 
bon in  Sept.,  1823,  aged  74.     lie  was  an  eminent 


botanist.  Ho  published  dissertationR  on  subjects 
of  natural  liistory  in  the  English  ])hilosojiliical 
transactions;  note  sur  la  valeur  du  perisperme; 
vues  car])ologiquesi  colleccao  de  livros  iiiediton 
do  liistoria*  Portugal,  3  vol.,  1790;  soil  of  Ken- 
tucky in  American  ])hil.  trans.  I.  new  scries. 

COItTEZ,  Hkiina.ndo,  tho  conqueror  of  Mex- 
ico, died  in  Sjiain  Dec.  '2,  \')l~,  aged  02.  He 
was  liorn  in  I'.stremadura,  in  Sjiaiii,  in  1185.  At 
the  age  of  33  ho  sailed  from  Culia  Nov.  18,  1518, 
with  eleven  small  vessels,  six  hundred  and  seven- 
teen men,  soldiers  and  sailors,  ten  iield-i)ieces,aiid 
only  thirteen  firelocks.  Ho  landed  at  Taliasco, 
and  cajitured  it.  At  Vera  Cruz  he  built  a  small 
fort;  tlien,  burning  his  ships,  he  advanced  against 
Mexico,  with  five  hundred  men  and  fifteen  horses. 
The  emjieror,  Montezuma,  received  liim  into  the 
city  with  great  jioni]) ;  but  ho  was  seized  and 
confined  by  the  Sjiaiiiard.  In  a  tumidt  of  the 
])eople,  Montezuma  was  brought  forward,  in  order 
to  (|uell  it;  but  in  the  attack  the  emjieror  was 
mortally  wounded  and  tho  invadvL.-  driven  from 
the  city.  But  Cortez,  after  (.iituinlng  recruits, 
marched  again  to  Mexico  in  i)ec.,  1520,  and  after 
a  siege  of  three  montlis  took  it,  and  seized  Chm- 
tcmozin.  The  sovereign  was  jilaced  on  buniiiig 
coals,  in  order  to  extort  from  liim  a  confi  -■sion  of 
the  jilaco  where  his  riches  were  concealed.  Thus 
the  empire  was  subdued  by  a  s!nail  band  of  ad- 
venturers, and  hundreds  of  the  natives  for  refus- 
ing to  bcfomo  Christians  wore  cruelly  put  to  death 
by  men  of  loss  religion  than  thoy.  The  name 
of  Cortez  is  made  niemorablo  on  the  earth  for 
bravery,  avarice,  and  cruelty. 

COUTLAXDT,  Pieiirk  Van,  lieutenant-gover- 
nor of  New  York,  died  at  his  seat  at  Croton  river 
May  1,  1819,  aged  94.  Ho  was  ajipointed  to 
that  office  at  tlie  commencement  of  tho  new  gov- 
ernment in  1777,  and  was  continued  in  it  eighteen 
years  in  succession  till  1795,  his  friend  and  confi- 
dant, George  Clhiton,  being  during  the  same 
jioriod  governor.  Ho  early  took  an  active  part 
against  the  oppressive  acts  of  tho  British  govern- 
ment. Of  the  first  jirovincial  congress  ho  was  a 
member;  also  of  tiie  convciition  which  framed 
the  constitution  of  New  York.  His  residence 
being  forty  or  fifty  wiles  from  the  city,  during 
the  war  his  family  was  driven  from  their  dwelling 
in  the  manor  of  Cortlandt;  but  he  confided  in 
the  justice  of  tlie  Amei'ican  cause,  and,  jiuttiiig 
his  trust  in  God,  h'  vas  undismayed  by  danger. 
His  wife  was  the  daughter  of  GiUn'rl  l,i\ingstoii. 
Col.  Van  Cortlandt,  jirobably  his  son,  niarricil  a 
daughter  of  Gov.  Clinton. — Augustus  Van  Coil- 
iandt,  jierliaps  his  brother,  died  in  Yonkers, 
N.  Y.,in  1823,  aged  90.  —  He  was  a  man  of  exem- 
jilary  virtues,  ujiiighf,  benevolent,  the  friend  of 
the  poor,  and  died  a  sincere  Christian,  with  lull 
assurance  of  salvation  by  the  redeeming  love  of 
Jesus  Christ,  upon  whom  in  his  last  momcnt,j  he 


CORY. 


corroN. 


2C5 


railed  to  rrcci\e  liim  to  cndl(>B8  life  and  glory. — 

W'lulrhixlrr  dilzclle. 

COllY,  On. IS,  acniscd  of  witchcrnft,  was 
l)rouf,'lit  into  court  at  Salcin  in  Sept.,  \i>\)'2;  but, 
obscrviiij,'  the  fate  of  those,  who  had  been  tried, 
fifteen  at  that  court  haviiiff  been  convicted,  he 
refused  to  plead,  and  ajjreeably  to  law  he  had 
ju(lf;men(  for  standing;  mute  and  was  pressed  to 
death.  This  is  the  only  instance  ol"  the  kiiul  in 
the  history  of  this  country.  Kipht  of  the  fifteen 
were  executed  Sept.  22,  among  whom  was  Mar- 
tha Cory.  —  ITiitchiiinoii,  ll.  00. 

COSTEU,  John  G.,  died  in  New  York,  Aug. 
8,  181 1,  aged  02.  Horn  hi  Holland,  he  was  an 
lionoral)le  and  successful  merchant  in  New  York 
for  fifty  years. 

COT'l'ING,  Uui.vil,  died  at  Boston  May  9, 
1819,  aged  03 ;  a  mechanist  and  projector,  doing 
perhaps  more  than  any  other  man  for  the  im- 
provement of  the  city. 

'■"OTTOX,  John,  one  of  the  most  distinguislied 
of  . '  .c  early  ministers  of  New  England,  died  Dec. 
23,  1002,  aged  07.  lie  was  born  in  Derby,  Eng., 
])cc.  4,  1080.  At  the  age  of  13  he  was  admitted 
a  member  of  Trinity  college,  Cambridge,  and 
afterwards  removed  to  ]']manuel  college,  where 
he  obtained  a  fellowship.  He  was  soon  chosen 
the  head  lecturer  in  the  college,  being  also  cm- 
jjloycd  as  tutor  to  many  scholars,  who  afterwards 
liecame  distinguished.  For  this  office  he  was 
jjeculiarly  well  qualified,  as  his  knowledge  was 
extensive,  liis  manners  gentle  and  accommodat- 
ing, and  he  ])ossessed  an  uncommon  ease  and 
facility  in  communicating  liis  ideas.  His  occa- 
sional orations  and  discourses  were  so  accurate 
and  elegant,  and  disjjlaycd  such  invention  and 
taste,  that  he  acquired  a  high  reputation  in  the 
university.  Hitherto  he  had  been  socking  the 
gratification  of  a  literary  taste,  or  yielding  to  the 
claims  of  ambition ;  but  at  length  a  complete 
change  in  his  character,  which  he  attributed  to 
the  grace  of  God,  induced  him  to  engage  with 
earnestness  in  the  pursuit  of  new  and  more 
exalted  objects.  While  a  member  of  the  college 
his  conscience  had  been  imjiresscd  by  the  faithful 
preacliing  of  ^A'illiaui  Perkins ;  but  he  resisted 
his  convictions;  and  such  was  his  enmity  to  the 
t  nil  lis,  which  had  disturbed  his  peace,  that  when 
he  heard  the  bell  toll  for  the  Cuneral  of  that  emi- 
nent ser\;uit  of  God,  it  was  a  joyful  sound  U>  him. 
ll  announeed  his  releat-e  from  a  ministry,  hostile 
to  his  self-righteous  and  uuhumbled  s])irit.  It 
was  not  long,  however.  In-fore  he  was  again  awa- 
kened from  his  security  by  a  sermon  of  ])r.  Sibs 
on  the  misery  of  those  who  have  no  righteous- 
ness except  the  moral  virtues.  Afk'r  a  distress- 
ing anxiety  of  ihrcc  years,  ii  pleased  God  to  give 
liiui  joy  in  Iv-licving.  He  was  soon  caUvd  upon 
to  preach  i»jraiii  m  his  turn  before  the  university, 
and,  more  iw»\k>us  to  do  good  than  to  attract  ap- 
3i 


])lausp,  he  did  not  array  his  discourse  in  the  orna- 
ments of  language,  Imt  preached  with  plainness 
and  ])ungency  upon  the  duty  of  repentance.  Tho 
vain  wits  of  the  university,  disajjpoinled  in  their 
exjiectations  of  a  splendid  harangue,  and  re])rovcd 
t)y  the  fidelity  of  him  who  was  now  a  Christian 
minister,  (hd  not  hum  their  applauses  as  usual, 
and  one  of  them,  Mr.  Preston,  who  afterwards 
became  famous  in  the  religious  world,  received 
such  deep  impressions  iqion  his  mind  as  were 
never  effaced.  Such  was  the  coUegial  life  of  Mr. 
Cotton. 

About  the   year   1012,  when   in   the  twenty- 
eighth  year  of  his  age,  he  became  the  minister  of 
Boston  in  Lincolnshire.     Soon  after  his  establish- 
ment in  this  jjlace,  the  zeal  of  a  ])hysieian  in  the 
town  in  promoting  Arminian  sentiments,  induced 
him  to  dwell  much  and  princi|)ally  for  some  time 
upon  what  he  believed  to  be  the  truths  of  Scrip- 
ture j  upon  the  doctrine  of  God's  eternal  election 
before  all  foresight  of  good  or  evil,  and  the  re- 
demption only  of  the  elect ;  ujion  the  effectual  in- 
fluence of  the  Holy  Spirit  in  the  conversion  of  tho 
sinner,  without  any  regard  to  the  jirevious  exer- 
tions of  free  will ;   and   upon   the   certain    per- 
severance of  every  true  boUever.     Such  was  his 
success,  that  he  soon  silenced  his  antagonist,  and 
afterwards  the  doctrine  of  predestination  was  not 
brouglit  into  controversy.     He  soon  entertained 
doubts  respecting  the   lawfulness  of  comjdying 
with  some  of  the  ceremonies  of  the  church,  and 
was  subjected  to  inconveniences  on  this  account; 
but  as  his  people  coincided  with  him  in  his  senti- 
ments he  kept  his  place  for  twenty  years,  and  was 
during  this  time  remarkably  useful,  not  only  by 
tho  effect  of  his  faithful  jireaching,  but  as  an  in- 
structor of  young  men  who  were  designed  for  the 
ministry,  some  of  whom  were  from  Germany  and 
Holland.     Hi:;  labors  were  immense,  for  in  addi- 
tion to  Ills  other  avocations  he  generally  jireached 
four  lectures  in  the  course  of  a  week.     His  benev- 
olent exertions  were  not  in  vain.     It  ])leascd  God, 
that  a  general  reformation  should  take  place  iK 
the   town.      The   voice   of    jirofaneness   was   no 
longer  heard,  and  the  infir.itely  imjiortant  truths 
of  the  gos])el  arrested  the  attention  of  almost  all  ■ 
the  uihabitaiits.      He   was   much   admired    and 
much  applauded,  but  he  ever  remained  humble. 
At  length,  after  the  government  of  the  Enghsh 
church  fell  into  the  lumd^  of  Ifishoj)   Lain!,  divi- 
sions arose  among  the  parishioners  of  ^l•l■,  Cot- 
ton ;  a  dissolute  fellow,  who  had  been  punished 
for  his  immoralities,  infornud  against  the  maj^is- 
trates  and  the  ministers  for  not  kneeling  at  the 
sacrament ;  and  Mr.  Cotton,  being  cited  before 
the  liigli  commissinn  court,  was  obliged  to  flee. 
After  being  concealed  for  some  time  in  London, 
he  embarked  for  this  country,  anxious  to  secure 
to  himself  the  peaceable  enjoyment  of  the  rights 
of  conscience,  though  in  a  wilderness.    He  sailed 


266 


aynos. 


CO'ITO.V. 


In  the  B(\mc  vcssrl  with  .Mr.  Hooker  smd   Mr. 

8fon(',  niul  tli('('irf,'umstiif>''»"  if  their  ii  imeseaiiscd 
the  ])P()|il('  lo  say,  on  lliiir  ;irriv;il,  Sejif.  I,  Hi.');), 
that  their  Ihrec  j^rciit  iicces.vities  wouiil  now  lie 
Hii|>))hed,  lor  they  hud  Colton  lor  llieir  elofhinj^, 
Hooker  for  tluir  lisliin;;,  iind  Stone  Cor  their 
huihlin^.  Thi.s  vii.s  an  a),'C'  oi'  conceits.  During 
the  voya;je  tiiP'o  nerinoiiH  or  ex))o.Miiioii.s  were  de- 
livered ahnoNl  every  day,  and  Mr.  Cotton  wa.s 
hIcsNcd  in  the  hirth  oCIiIm  eldest  ion,  wlioni  at  liis 
hiiptiNm  in  lloston,  lie  called  Sealiorn.  In  Oct., 
l(J.'j;j,  he  was  e>tal)li.slicd  the  teacher  of  the 
churcli  in  Itostoii,  an  colleague  rtith  Mr.  Wilson, 
■who  wa.s  jia.ttor.  He  was  set  iijnirt  to  this  olfice, 
on  n  day  of  fasting,  hy  imjiosition  of  the  hands  of 
Mr.  Wilson  and  his  two  elder.s.  He  remained  in 
this  town,  connected  with  this  church,  more  than 
mnetoen  years  ;  and  such  was  his  iiilluence  in  es- 
tahhshing  the  order  of  our  churches,  and  so  ex- 
tensive was  his  usefulness,  that  he  lias  heen  called 
the  patriarch  of  New  Jjigland.  'J'he  ])revalence 
of  those  erroneous  doctrines,  which  occasioned 
the  synod  of  103",  so  much  disturlied  his  peace, 
that  he  was  almost  induced  to  remove  to  New 
Haven.  Mrs.  Hutclunson  endeavored  to  jn-omote 
her  wild  sentiments  hy  shieldhig  them  under  tlie 
name  of  Mr.  Cotton  j  but,  though  he  was  im- 
posed upon  for  some  time  hy  the  artiliccs  of  those 
of  her  party,  yet,  when  lie  discovered  their  real 
ojunions,  he  was  bold  and  decided  in  his  o])])osi- 
tion  to  them.  Though  he  did  not  sign  the  result 
of  the  synod  of  1GU7,  on  accotmt  of  his  diil'eriug 
from  it  in  one  or  two  jwints  ;  ho  yet  a])])rovcd  of 
it  in  general,  and  his  peaceable  intercourse  with 
his  brethren  in  the  ministry  was  not  afterwards 
interrupted  on  account  of  his  suj)poscd  crror.'i.  In 
1042  ho  was  invited  to  England,  with  Mr.  1  looker 
and  Mr.  Davenport,  to  assist  in  the  assembly  of 
divines  at  Westminister,  and  he  was  in  favor  of 
accepting  the  invitation,  but  Mr.  Hooker  was  op- 
posed to  it,  as  he  was  at  that  time  forming  a  sys- 
tem of  church  government  for  New  Englund.  1  lis 
death  was  occa.sioued  by  an  inflammation  of  the 
lungs,  lirought  on  by  ex])0R\ire  in  crossing  the 
ferry  to  Cambridge,  where  he  went  to  jircach. 
So  universally  was  he  venerated,  that  many  ser- 
mons were  i)reachcd  en  his  decease  in  diU'erent 
parts  of  the  coimtry. 

Mr.  Cotton  sustained  a  high  reputation  for 
learning.  He  was  a  critic  in  Greek,  and  with 
Hebrew  he  was  so  ■well  acepiainteil  that  ho  could 
diwtoursc  in  it..  He  also  wrote  Latin  with  ele- 
gance, as  a  specimu'en  of  whicii.  his  preface  to 
Skirton's  answer  ro  the  inquiris^  of  Apj)olloniu8 
iMti  often  becm.  mentioned.  In  the  pulpit  he  im- 
pesaed  his  hearer*  with  admiration.  Uniting  to 
omspicuous  talent:  and  a  profound  judgment,  the 
tmmtka  and  mildriess  enjoined  in  the  gospel,  and 
mito  warmth  of  tuous  tit-ling,  his  instrsictions  did 
■■C  meet   'he    L-esi»taaice  wliich  ib  ulfcen  exj>c- 


rienced,  liiit  fell  with  the  gentleness  of  tlie  dew, 
und  iu:imiate(l  iheiiiselvis  iniperei  ptibly  into  iho 
mind.  His  laliors,  soon  after  he  came  to  Hoston, 
were  more  ellectual  than  those  of  iitiy  of  the  min- 
isters in  the  founlry;  he  wis  the  mejiis  of  excit- 
ing f^reat  attention  to  religious  suljeets;  and 
some  of  the  most  jirofligate  were  brought  to  re- 
nounce tlieir  iin'(|uilies,  and  to  engage  in  a  course 
of  conduct  more  honorable  and  more  satisfactory, 
luid  which  world  terminate  iu  everlasting  felicity. 
His  discourses  were  griu'rally  written  with  llu" 
greatest  atteiitiiii,  though  he  sometimes  ])reaehcd 
without  any  pr(']iaration.  His  intinuite  and  accu- 
rate knowledge  of  the  .Scrijitures  and  the  extent 
of  his  learning  enabled  him  to  do  this  without 
dilliculty.  His  written  sermons,  which  he  had 
composed  with. tare,  were  \et  remarkable  for 
their  siiuj/lieity  and  |)hu'iiiiess,  for  he  was  desirous 
that  nil  should  tuiderstaud  him,  and  less  anxious 
to  uc(piire  fame  tluin  to  do  good.  His  voice  was 
not  loud,  but  it  was  so  clear  and  di.stiiict,  that  it 
was  heard  with  ease  by  the  largest  auditory;  and 
his  utterance  was  iiccomjianied  by  a  natiiriil  and 
becoming  motion  of  his  right  hand.  The  Lord 
was  ill  the  still,  sm:)ll  voice.  He  iircaehed  with 
such  Hfe,  dignity,  i'lid  majesty,  that  Mr.  Wilson 
said,  one  almost  think*  that  he  hears  the  very 
]n'ojihet  s])cak,  u|)on  ^  loso  works  he  is  dwelling. 
His  library  was  larg'',  ,\ni'  he  had  well  studied 
the  fathers  and  schooJuieii,  but  he  preferred  Cal- 
vin to  them  all.  Being  asked,  in  the  latter  jiart 
of  his  life,  why  he  indulged  in  nocturnal  studies, 
he  answered,  that  he  ?oved  to  sweeten  his  mouth 
with  a  jiiece  of  Calvin  before  he  went  to  slee]). 
Twelve  hours  in  a  day  were  generally  occujiied  by 
his  studies  ;  and  such  was  his  zeal  in  theological 
pursuits,  that  he  frequently  lamented  the  useless 
visits  with  which  he  was  oppressed,  though  he 
was  inca])al)le  of  inciviUty  to  persons,  who  thus 
obtruded  iijion  him.  He  gave  himself  chie!l_.-  to 
reading  and  prejiaration  for  the  duties  of  public 
instruction,  depending  much  on  the  ruling  elders 
i'or  intelligence  respecting  his  (lock.  He  was  nn 
excellent  casuist,  and,  besides  resolving  many  cases 
which  were  brought  him,  he  wr.s  also  deejily 
though  not  violently  engaged  in  controversies 
resjiecting  church  government.  In  his  contro- 
versy with  !Mr.  ^^'ilIiams  he  found  an  antagonist, 
whose  weapons  were  ])owerful  and  whose  cause 
was  good ;  while  he  himself  unhap|)ily  advocated  a 
cause  which  he  had  once  o])])osed,  when  sull'ering 
liersccution  in  haigland.  He  contended  for  the 
interference  of  the  civil  ])owi  r  in  snjiport  of  the 
truth,  and  to  the  objection  of  Mr.  AV'illiams,  that 
this  was  infringing  the  rights  of  conscience,  the 
only  rejily  that  could  be  made  was,  that  when  a 
jierson,  after  repeated  admoi.itions,  jiersisted  in 
rejecting  and  o])posing  fundamental  points  of  doc- 
trine or  worship,  it  could  not  be  from  conscience, 
but  against  conscience,  and  therefore  that  it  was 


\: 


COTTON. 


corrox. 


207 


not  por<<pnition  for  caiisr  of  cnnscloncp  for   llip  I 
civil  |i()\vfi'  to  drive  siicli  jici'smms  away,  Imt  it  waH 
a  wisi-  ri'^fard  to  llii-  ;,'0()<l  of  tin-  '.'hiutli ;  it  wn.i 
puttiii)^  away  I'vil  from  tiic  ])L'oi)1c. 

To  his  iiitfllrctual  jjowcrn  and  improvements 
111'  iiddcd   the  virtui';*  wliicli  r(  iidtT  tlic  Cliristian 
chariu'tcr   ami.iliki   and   iiitcristinfj.     I'veii    Mr. 
Williams,  liis  t^rvat  antaf;oiii,st,  witii  very  extra- 
ordinary candor  speaks  of  liini  wilii  esteem  and 
respect,  commendinf^  him  for  his  j;oo(hiess  and 
for  iiis  attaclnnent  to  so  many  of  tlie  truths  of 
the   xoHjjel.     lie   was   modest,   humljle,   {gentle, 
jK'aceuble,   patient,   and   forhearinf;.    Sometimes 
he  almost  lamented  that  he  carried  liis  meekness 
t<)  siicli  an  extent.     "  Anjjry  men,"  said  he,  "have 
an  advantage  over  me;  the  jjcople  will  not  oppose 
tiiem,  for  tlicy  will  raf^c ;  hut  some  arc  enconr- 
ageil  to  do  mc  injmy,  because  tlicy  know  I  shall 
not  be  angry  with  them  again."     It  will   not  be 
questioned,  however,  that  lii.s  temjier  contributed 
more  to  his  peace,  and  enjoyment,  and  usefulness, 
than  u  different  temper  would  have  done.     "When 
he  was  once  told  that  his  preaching  was  very  dark 
and  comfortless,  he  rejilied,  "  Let  me  have  your 
jjrayers,   brother,   that    it    may    bo   otherwise." 
Having  observed  to  a  person,  who  boasted  of  his 
knowledgo   of  the   book  of  llevclation,  that  he 
want(}d  light  in  those  mysteries,  the  man  went 
home  and  sent  him  a  pound  of  candles ;  which 
insolence  only  excited  a  smile.     "Mr.  Cotton," 
says  Dr.  !Mathcr,  "would  not  set  the  beacon  of 
his  great  soul  on  fire  at  the  landing  of  such  a 
little  cock-boat."     A  drunken   fellow,  to   make 
merriment  for  his  comjianions,  ai)proachcd  him 
in  the  street,  and  whispered  in  his  oar,  "  Thou  art 
an  old  fool."    Mr.  Cotton  replied,  "  I  confess  I 
am  so ;  the  Lord  make  both  me  and  ilice  wiser 
than  we  are,  even  wise  to  salvation."    Though  he 
assorted  tlic  right  of  the  civil  power  to  banish 
heretics,  he  yet  had  n  great  aversion  to  engaging 
in  any  civil  affairs,  niul  with  reluctance  yielded  his 
attention   to   any  concern  not  immediately  con- 
nected with  his  holy  calling.     In  his  family  he 
was  very  careful  to  imjiart  instrnction,  and  wisely 
and  calmly  to  exercise  his  authority  in  restraining 
vice,     lie  road  a  chapter  in  the  Bible,  with  an  ex- 
position,   before    and  after  which    he  made   a 
prayer,   remembering,  however,   to  avoid   a  te- 
dious ju'olixity.    He  observed  the  Sabbath  from 
evening  to   evening,  and  by  him   this   practice 
was   rendered    general  in    New   England.     On 
Saturday   evening,  alYer  ox])ounding  the  Scrip- 
tures, he  catechized   his  children   and  servants, 
j)raycd  with  them,  and  sung  a  psalm.     On  the 
Sabbath  evening  the  sermons  of  the  day  were  ve- 
jjcated,  and,  after  singing,  with  uplifted  hands  and 
eyes  ho  uttered  the  doxology,  "  Blessed  be  God 
in  Christ  our  Saviour."    In  his  study  he  ])rayed 
nuich.     lie  would  rarely  engage  in  any  theolog- 
ical research,  or  sit  down  to  prosecute  his  studies, 


wilhotit  first  imploring  the  Di'.inc  Messing.  Ho 
kept  many  d.\\s  of  j.riv;ite  fisting  and  thanks- 
giving. M'hile  he  w.is  thus  di:.tin;;r,ished  for  his 
piety,  he  was  also  kind  and  benevolent.  Ho 
knew  that  the  elliciicy  of  rcligion^i  jirinciples  must 
be  I'vinceil  i)y  good  W(n'ks,  and  he  was  therefcro 
hospitalilc  and  cluirilabii'.  'I'lie  stranger  and  tho 
needy  were  ever  weli  •■■(d  to  bis  talde.  Such 
was  liis  benclicence,  that,  uiicn  Mr.  White  was 
diiven  with  his  church  from  Bernuida  into  tho 
.\inerican' wilderness,  he  coil 'cted  "OO  luninds  fcr 
their  reli<'t',  towards  wliicli  he  himself  conlriliutcd 
very  liberally.  Two  hundred  ])ouiuls  were  given 
by  the  church  in  lioston. 

After  a  life  of  eminent  sancliiv  and  usefulness, 
he  was  not  left  destitute  of  support  in  his  dying 
moments.  In  his  sickness  I'resident  Dunstcr 
went  to  see  him,  and  with  tears  begged  hh:  bless- 
ing, saying,  "I  know  in  my  heart,  tlii'  lie  whom 
you  bless  si'.all  be  blessed."  He  suit  for  tho 
elders  of  the  churcli,  and  exhorted  them  to  guard 
against  declensions,  expressing  to  them  the  pleas- 
ure which  he  had  foimd  in  the  service  of  tho  Lord 
Jesus  Christ.  After  he  had  addressed  his  chil- 
dren, he  desired  to  be  left  alone,  that  his  thoughts 
might  be  occupied  by  heavenly  things  without  in- 
tenniption  ;  and  thus  he  died  in  ])eace.  He  was 
of  a  clear,  fair  complexion,  and,  like  David,  of  a 
ruddy  countenance.  1  lis  stature  was  rather  short 
thc'i  tall.  In  early  life  his  hair  was  brown,  but 
in  his  latter  days  it  was  white  as  the  driven  snow. 
In  liis  countenance  there  was  an  inexpressible 
maje.'ly,  which  commanded  reverence  from  every 
one  not  hardened  against  good  imjiressions,  who 
approached  him.  In  an  e])itaph  on  ^Ir.  Cotton 
by  'Sir.  "Woodbridge  are  the  following  lines,  which 
probably  led  Dr.  Franklin  to  write  tho  famous 
epitajjli  on  himself. 

"  A  living.  Vircatliln^  Hible;  tublps,  where 
lloth  oovunuiits  at  lar^^i'  ciipKivL-ii  wt'ro; 
(losju'l  ami  law  in  '.s  heart  liud  each  its  column, 
His  head  an  imlcx  to  the  sacred  volume; 
His  very  name  a  title  pajre ;  and  next, 
His  life  a  commentary  on  tlie  text. 
0,  what  a  monnment  of  glorious  worth, 
AVhen  in  a  new  edition  he  comes  fortli, 
■Without  ernita  may  we  thiiilc  lie  "U  be, 
lu  leaves  and  covers  of  eternity  '.  " 

He  left  two  sons,  who  were  ministers  of  Hamp- 
ton and  of  Plymouth.  His  youngest  daughter 
married  Increase  Mather. 

Mr.  Cotton's  publications  were  numerous ;  the 
most  celebrated  ;i"-j  the  wtnks  which  he  published 
in  the  contiovert,y  wit'i  Mr.  ^Villiams,  and  his 
power  of  the  keys,  on  the  subject  of  cliurch  gov- 
ernment. In  this  latter  work  he  contends,  that  the 
constituent  members  of  a  church  are  elders  an! 
brethren ;  that  the  elders  are  intrusted  with  gov- 
ernment, so  th;it  without  them  there  can  be  no 
elections,  admission,  or  cxcomnuinications ;  that 
they  have  a  negative  upon  the  acts  of  the  frater- 


II 


2(58 


corrnx. 


rOTTDN. 


nify,  yot  tlmt  tlio  lircthrcii  liavc  so  miicli  Iil)rrty, 
tli;il  iiotliiii;,'  (tf  ciiiiiiion  (•t)ji('iriitn(iit  <iiii  lir  im- 
posed ii|iiiii  tliPlii  witlimit  tlii'ir  coiiscnl.  He 
nsscrlH  ilic  nccctsnrv  comTiiiuiion  of  ctiiirclii's  ii> 
syiiodH,  wlio  have  inulioiily  to  ciijoiii  mitli  lliiiH;s 
as  may  rcciil'y  disonlfrs,  dissi'iiNioiiN,  !\iid  •  m- 
funion  of  coii;;i'c^ali(ms,  mid,  ii|ii)ii  iiti  olisl  ■<• 
rcfiiNnl  to  ('(tmply,  may  witlidriiw  romiii'  i. 
Tho  following,'  i>  a  ralalo^'iit'  of  Win  wrinn^s: 
(iod's  promise  to  i;is  planla'iion,  nn  cli-ction  8cr- 
inon,  I'i.'tl  J  II  letter  in  answer  to  olijeetioiis  made 
n^'aiiist  the  New  I",ii;,'!aiid  tiiurtlies,  with  tlie 
ciuestioiiH  |iro|i()sed  to  such  ns  are  admitted  to 
clinirli  f'eiiow.'<lii|).  Hills  the  way  of  life.  •Mo; 
Ood'N  mercy  mixed  with  his  Justice  j  nn  uljutract 
of  the  laws  of  New  l',iii,'land,  Kitl,  and  a  second 
edition  in  10j,jj  this  abstract  of  such  laws  of  the 
JewH  as  were  sMp])osed  to  he  of  ])cr|)etiial  oblifi;a- 
tlon  was  drawn  u])  in  WM,  when  Vune  waH  fjov- 
crnor,  thoiifjh  it  was  never  accepted  ;  it  is  ])re- 
served  in  vol.  v.  of  the  historical  collections  ;  the 
church's  resurrection,  on  tlie  HlHi  and  sixth  verses 
of  revelation,  XX.  I(il2;  a  modest  and  clear  an- 
swer to  jMr.  Kail's  discourse  on  set  forma  of 
prayer  ;  exposition  of  revelation,  XVI. ;  the  true 
constituti(m  of  a  jiarticular,  visible  church,  1(J4U| 
tho  keys  of  the  kin<;doni  of  heaven,  and  jiowcr 
thereof,  l(i  1 4 ;  the  doctrine  of  the  church,  to 
■which  is  committed  tho  keys  of  the  kingdom  of 
heaven ;  the  covenant  of  God's  Iree  grace  most 
Bwectly  unfolded,  to  which  is  added  a  ])rofcssion 
of  faith  by  Mr.  Davenport,  lC4.j ;  .'{d  edit.,  107 1 ; 
tho  way  of  tho  churches  of  Christ  in  Now  Eng- 
land, or  the  way  of  churches  walking  '.ii  '.>.>therly 
equality,  etc.  J  this  was  i)ul)lishod  fk'i;tr;  an  im])er- 
fect  copy,  and  represents  Mr.  ('otijn  s  less 
friendly  to  the  authority  of  'h  .  ^  tUre  il.an  he 
really  was;  tho  pouritig  out  ot'  fhi?  seven  vials ; 
tho  controversy  concerning  liberty  o"'  f^  nsciencc 
truly  stated,  1C4G ;  a  treatise  showing  that  singing 
of  psalms  is  a  gospel  ordinance,  1647 ;  the 
grounds  and  ends  of  the  bai)tism  of  the  children 
of  the  ftiithful,  1G47 ;  a  letter  to  Mr.  Williams, 
the  bloody  tenet  washed  and  made  white  in  the 
blood  of  the  Lamb,  being  discussed  and  discharged 
of  blood-guiltiness  by  just  defence,  in  answer  to 
Mr.  Williams,  to  which  is  added,  a  reply  to  Mr. 
Williams'  answer  to  Mr.  Cotton's  letter,  1647  ; 
questions  jjropounded  to  him  by  the  teaching 
elders,  with  liis  answer  to  each  question ;  the  way 
of  congregational  churches  cleared,  in  two  trea- 
tises, against  ^Ir.  Uaylic  and  Mr.  llutherford, 
104y ;  of  the  holiness  of  church  members,  jirov- 
ing  that  \isil)le  saints  are  the  matter  of  the 
church,  16 JO  ;  Christ  the  fountain  of  life,  1651 ; 
a  brief  exjiosition  of  Ecclesiastes,  W'A;  his  cen- 
sure iijjon  the  way  of  Mr.  Ilenden,  of  Kent,  1656 ; 
sermons  on  the  first  ej)istle  of  John,  folio ;  a 
discour.se  on  things  indifferent,  proving  that  no 
church  governors  Iiave  power  to  impose  indiffer- 


'  ont  things  u]>on  the  ronscienres  of  men;  expo- 
hilion  of  Canticji  ;  milk  for  linben,  a  catechiMii ; 
meat  for  strong  iik  ri ;  a  diHCourne  alKiut  civil  gov- 
ernment in  a  plantation,  whoNe  design  is  rcligioti, 

'  llifi.').  —  Xmliiii'fi  mill  Miil/iii'.t  l.ifr  iif  Cdllnii ; 

'  Mnlhi  i'k  Miii/niiNii,  III.  1  l-,'J  1 ;  Aitil's  AVie  A'»</- 

'  liiiiil.  I.  :i().(-;i()7  ;  //<</.  I'oll.  V.  171;  IX.  11-lli 
l/iilf/iinaon,  I.  !J4,  55-73,  11.%  ITil;  It'/  ''rap, 
52-15U. 

COTTON',  Seaiioiln,  minister  of  Uu.ni.^on, 
N.  If.,  was  the  son  of  the  preceding,  and  was 
b'.rn  at  sea  in  Aug.  Ki.'l.'l,  while  bis  parents  were 
on  their  v.iynge  to  New  I'.iigland.  His  name  i« 
])iit  Marigenain  the  catalogue  of  Harvard  college, 
where  he  was  graduated  in  1651.  He  was  or- 
dained at  Hampton  in  KiOO.  as  surcesRor  of  Mr. 
Wheelright,  and  dii'd  April  I!»,  16M6,  aged  52 
years.  His  first  wife  was  1  lorothy,  daughter  of 
fi'ov.  Uradstreet.  His  son  John,  his  Huccessor  in 
the  ministry  at  Hampton,  was  ordauied  in  1(1!)6, 
and  died  .March  27,  1710,  ageil  52  years.  Durhig 
Gov.  Cranfii  Id's  administration  Mr.  Moody  was 
imjjrisoiK  d  for  refusing  to  administer  the  sacra- 
ment to  liim ;  the  next  week  the  governor  sent 
word  to  Mr.  Cotton,  that,  "  when  he  had  jireparcd 
his  soul,  he  would  come  and  demand  the  sacra- 
ment of  him,  as  hr  had  done  at  I'ortsmouth." 
This  throat  induced  Mr.  Cotton  !(•  withdraw  for 
some  time  to  lioston.  He  was  esteemed  a  thor- 
ough scholar  and  an  able  jn'eachor.  The  here- 
sies of  his  namesake,  I'elagius,  which  had  been 
revived  in  the  world,  he  regarded  with  abhor- 
rence.—  Mnf/nalia,  III.  20,  31;  Farmer's  Del- 
knap,  I. 

COTTON,  John,  minister  of  Plymouth,  Mass., 
and  of  Charleston,  S.C.,  brother  of  the  preceding, 
died  iSept.,  16S)9,  aged  59.  Jle  was  the  son  of 
John  Cotton,  of  Boston,  and  was  bom  March  13, 
1640.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
1657.  From  1664  to  1667  ho  preached  on  Mar- 
tha's Vineyard  to  a  congregation  of  white  jieoplo 
and  also  to  the  Indians,  having  acquired  a  good 
knowledge  of  their  language ;  and  thus  he  af- 
forded great  cssistance  to  Thomas  Mayhew,  who 
was  laboring  to  make  the  heathen  acquainted 
with  the  glad  tidings  of  salvation.  In  Nov., 
1667,  he  removed  to  Plymouth  on  the  inntation 
of  the  pooi>le  in  that  town,  but  was  not  ordained 
until  Jill  e  oO,  1669.  He  continued  there  about 
thirty  years.  He  was  a  very  faithful  minister, 
and  his  exertions  were  extensively  useful.  He  was 
completely  occupied  in  doing  good  by  visiting  tho 
families  in  his  ])arish  with  the  ruling  elders,  cate- 
chizing the  children,  and  attending  church  meet- 
ings, and  by  his  jjublic  preaching  on  the  Sabbath. 
Before  his  admission  of  any  person  into  the 
church  he  required  a  relation,  either  public  or 
private,  of  the  experience  of  a  work  of  Divine 
grace.  He  usually  expounded  the  psalm,  which 
was  sung,  and  the  psalms  were  sung  in  course. 


COTTON. 


cornnAY. 


2C0 


In  IrtHI   thp  prnrtirc  of  rondin;?  tlio  |)«(\lm  line  ' 
liy  liiK"  «;iH  iritioiliiccd  I'rrii.i  ri't;:ir(l  to  .i  l)riilln'r. 

vlio     WIIN    linuMc    l<>    lIMll.       SdlllC    (liir<T('ll''('    III' 

<)|iiii!<iii  ln'twr'i'ii  him  anil  lii-<  chiircli  rrHjHTtiii^ 
iho  Hi'lllpiiiciit  of  n  iii'i);hlMi.-iii^  ininistor  hnviii^t 
nriHi'ii,  nn<l  tliori'  iH'itifj  mi  |iriis|)e('t  iif  n  ri'con- 
ciliatiitn,  lie  wiis  iiiiliici'd  In  nsk  ii  (li»mi'"«i<in, 
wliicli  Wiis  (;nintcil  Oct.  .'»,  Uili  Itriii^  Hoon  iii- 
vitiil  til  .Smith  ('iroliii:!.  he  xrt  s;iil  tor  Chiirlc-ton 
Nov.  l.'i,  ]i'<'\%  .VI'liT  hiH  nrriv:il  hi'  ifnthored  n' 
fliiiri'h  II  I  Inhorcil  with  jirciit  dili;;t'ncc  and 
much  siu'ci--s  till  his  don'.h.  In  tho  short  Rpncr 
i>r  tiino  that  ho  lived  hero,  twonty-Wvp  wi  ri-  nddrd 
to  the  mimlii'r  of  whirh  the  church  consisted 
when  it  was  first  or^janizcil,  and  many  Imptizcd. 
I  lis  church  erei'li'd  a  handsonie  monument  over 
his  tjravp.  Amon^;  liis  noun  were  the  following 
ministers:  John  of  Yarmouth,  Holand  of  Sand- 
wiih.  and  Theophilus  of  Hampton  Falls. 

.Mr.  Cotton  was  eminent  for  his  ncijuaintancc 
with  ho  Indian  lanf,'ua;»e.  When  he  hejjan  to 
loam  it,  he  hired  an  Indian  for  his  instructor  at 
the  rate  of  twelve  ]ionce  it  day  for  fifty  days ;  lint 
liis  knavish  tutor,  havin;;  received  his  whole  ])ay 
in  advance,  ran  aw.iy  hefore  twenty  days  liad  ex- 
j)ired.  Mr.  (Jotton,  liowever,  found  means  to 
jjerfect  his  acq\iiiintanco  with  the  harliarous  dia- 
lect. While  at  Plymouth  lie  frequently  jireaehcd 
to  the  Indians,  who  lived  in  sevoral  conjjreijations 
in  the  nei'jhlKirhood.  The  whoh.'  care  of  rcvisin)!; 
and  correctinf»  I'',liot's  Indian  IJihlo,  which  was 
printed  at  Camhridf^c  in  l(J8,j,  fell  on  liim. — 
Jllnt.  Coll.  IV.  1'.>2-I28,  137  !  Mafftuilia,  ill.  194, 
1!)!),  200 ;  Mdijlicw's  Indian  (Umvcrts  ;  Holmes. 

COTTON,  U()i,.\xi),  first  minister  of  Sandwich, 
Mass.,  the  son  of  llcv.  John  C,  of  Plymouth,  was 
graduated  nt  Harvard  college  in  KiSij,  ordained 
Nov.  28,  lCi)4,  and  died  March  29,  1722.  His 
BucccHsors  were  IJ.  FcHscnden,  A.  Williams,  and 
J.  Burr.  Ilis  wife  was  the  sister  of  Gov.  Salton- 
stall,  and  widow  of  llev.  J.  Dcnison,  of  Ipswich. 
One  daughter  married  llcv.  J.  Brown,  of  Haverhill, 
and  another  married  llev.  S.  Bourne,  of  Scituate. 
Ho  is  worthy  of  honorable  remembrance  for  his 
benevolent  regard  to  the  spiritual  interests  of  the 
Indians  at  Marshpec,  of  which  two  hundred  and 
fourteen  were  under  his  care  in  1G93,  while  five 
hundred  of  other  tribes  were  under  the  care  of 
his  father.—  Hid.  Coll.  I.  201 ;  X.  133. 

COTTON,  Josi All,  judge,  a  preacher  to  the  In- 
dians, the  son  ot  llcv.  John  C,  of  Plymouth,  was 
born  Jan.  8,  1G80,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  col- 
lege in  1698.  (Sustaining  the  office  of  clerk  of 
court,  register  of  deeds,  and  judge  of  the  com- 
mon jileas,  he  also  ])reached  to  the  Indians  at 
Manoinet  and  Herring  ponds,  Plymouth,  and 
Mattakeeset  pond,  Pembroke,  with  a  salary  of 
20  pounds  from  the  commissioners  for  propagat- 
ing the  gospel.  His  engagement  closed  Nov. 
15,  1744,  having  i)reachcd  nearly  forty  years  both 


in  Indian  niul  riialixh.  Ho  rliod  .\ug.  19,  I7')0, 
a;.'ril  ".').  Ill'  li  111  liiiir  liruihir'*  wlin  wi  rr  mini*- 
lirs.  Of  lii-«  I'niii  I  111  I  liililrcii,  his  miii  .Inliii  wim 
minister  of  Halifax.  Hi'*  ilmightor  Mary  was  the 
nioiher  of  Jiidj^r  Wm.  Cushing.  ^I(  compiled  a 
cii|iiiius  I'nglish  and  Indian  voc.iliulary,  pulilinhod 
in  Ma>s.  Hist.  C'll.  .'Jd  soiios,  11.  1 17-2.')7. 

COTTON',  John,  ministi  r  nf  Nowlnn,  Mass., 
son  of  Krv.  Itnlaiiil  C.  of  Sandwich,  was  gi:ii|i|. 
atiil  at  Harvard  colloge  in  1710.  Having  Keen 
mil  lined  as  siiccossor  of  .Mr.  Hul  iit,  .Nov.  3, 
1714,  he  ciintinued  in  this  jilace  I  I  his  death, 
May  17,  17'j7,  in  Iho  Klxty-fmirth  yiar  of  his  ago. 
He  was  faithful,  fervent,  and   succossfiil   in  his  la- 


bors, and  was 
attention  of  hi^ 
m\  1740.  Hi 
(|uakos,  1 


l'< 


of  Jlristo 
Ward  ( 
to  youth,        " 
Jlixton/  ■■ 

Cofl'()N.,iiii,s.ti 
a  iiativo  of  Plvniouil 


lif'utarly  happy  in  sci  iiig  tho 
•Ic  to  ri'ligiiiiis  truths  in  17'.'!) 
li-liod  a  sermon  al>or  llie  earth- 
!'.e  death  of  Nathaniel  Cottn  i, 
•ho  ordination  of  his  brother, 
'ir  sermons  addressed 
I'lion,  17i')3.  —  Ilomer'a 
,At.  Sor.  V.  27;i-27(). 
,  til  .  minister  of  Halifax,  Mass., 
son  of  Josiah  ('.,  was  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  college  in  \'"<>  and  ordained  in 
173.J.  The  failure  of  his  voice  induced  him  to 
resign  in  175(5,  and  lie  was  succoodod  by  William 
I'atten,  afterwards  a  minister  of  Hartford,  Conn. 
He  v.'iis  a  useful  citizen  at  Plymouth,  county 
treasurer,  and  register  of  deeds,  and  died  in  1789, 
aged  77.  He  published  two  sermons  on  a  day  of 
humiliation  for  the  drought  and  war,  1757;  prac- 
tice of  the  churches  as  to  baptism  vindicated; 
history  of  Plymouth  church.  —  2  Jlist.  Coll. 
IV.  282. 

COTTON,  .loirs',  M.  D.,  died  at  Marietta,  Ohio, 
April  2,  1847,  aged  85.  He  was  a  descendant  of 
J.  C,  of  Boston ;  a  man  of  piety,  of  literature, 
and  science. 

COUCH,  Pai'I,,  an  unequalled  .sufferer,  died  at 
Newburyport  March  19,  1842,  aged  G4.  As  a 
preacher  he  was  in  1804  a  missionary  on  the 
Kennebec  in  Maine.  By  exposure  to  the  cold 
air  after  the  fatigue  of  jireaching,  he  became  ill, 
and  soon  was  helpless  by  rheumatism.  For 
thirty-eight  years  he  was  a  sufferer,  and  for  twenty- 
eight  never  left  his  small  chamber,  unable  to  rise 
from  his  bed  or  to  dress  himsell'  without  help. 
Every  day  was  a  day  of  pain,  which  required 
daily  anodjTies.  F'or  twenty  years  he  was 
nearly  blind ;  he  was  also  de])endent  on  charity. 
Yet  was  he  a  cheerful,  happy  Christian,  respected 
and  esteemed.  — Dimviick's  Address. 

COUDllAY,  l)u,  general,  was  ei.^aged  by  the 
American  commissioners  at  Paris  to  enter  our 
service  as  the  head  of  the  American  artillery. 
He  was  at  Boston  in  May,  1777.  But  Sept.  16th 
he  was  drowned  in  the  Schuylkill,  lie  rode  into 
a  ferry-boat,  and  was  unable  to  control  his  horse, 
which  plunged  into  the  river.    Had  he  lived,  prob- 


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33  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

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270 


COVmOTON. 


CRAIO. 


ably  great  diRsntisfaction  would  hare  hccn  felt  in 
conHcquencc  of  the  rank  asKigned  him. —  llcalh, 
128. 

COVINGTON,  Li;oNAnn,l)ii(?adicr-{5eiicral,  was 
the  son  of  Levin  C,  of  Maryland.  He  served 
■with  reputation  under  Wayne  in  the  Indian  war. 
At  fort  Recovery  hin  lior.ie  was  shot  under  him. 
He  i)artici])atnd  in  the  battle  on  the  Miami.  Ile- 
tuming  to  his  family,  ho  settled  as  a  jjlanter.  For 
many  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  Maryland 
senate  j  he  was  also  elected  a  member  of  con- 
gress. In  1 809  Mr.  Jefferson  appointed  him  lieut.- 
colonel  in  the  regiment  of  dragoons.  Appointed 
Aug.  1,  1813,  brigadier-general,  he  repaired  to 
the  north.  At  the  battle  of  Williamsburg,  Nov. 
11th,  when  Doyd  commanded,  while  gallantly 
leading  his  brigade  to  the  charge,  he  was  mor- 
tally wounded,  and  died  on  the  13th,  aged  45, 
leaving  a  wife  and  six  children.  He  was  buried 
at  French  Mills,  now  called  Mount  Covington. 

COVINGTON,  ALKX.iXDEK,  judge,  died  in 
Washington  city,  Mississippi,  Oct.  10,  1848,  aged 
71.  A  native  of  Virginia,  he  had  lived  in  Mis- 
sissippi forty  years,  lie  was  a  Christian  ])rofessor, 
charitable  and  hospitable,  of  rare  colloquial  jjow- 
ers. 

COWLES,  Giles  IL,  D.  D.,  died  at  Austin- 
burgh,  Ohio,  July  5,  1835,  aged  68. 

COWLES,  Solomon,  general,  died  in  Far- 
mington,  Conn.,  Nov.  25,  1846,  aged  89,  an  officer 
in  the  Revolutionary  army. 

COWLES,  EZEKIEL,  died  at  Farmington,  Conn., 
in  Aug.,  1850,  aged  91.  He  fought  at  Bunker's 
Hill  and  served  in  the  war,  being  quartermaster 
and  paymaster. 

COX,  WiLLLVM,  died  in  England  about  1851. 
He  came  to  this  country  early  in  life  as  a  printer, 
and  was  employed  in  the  Mirror  office.  New  York ; 
and  he  wrote  much  for  the  Mirror.  He  \mh- 
lished  Crayon  sketches,  2  vols.,  1833. —  Cyd. 
American  Literature,  n.  415. 

COXE,  Daniel,  an  author,  claimed  the  terri- 
tory of  Georgia,  Florida,  and  Louisiana  under 
his  father,  who  purchased  of  Sir  Robert  Heath, 
to  whom  it  was  originally  granted  in  1630  ;  but 
the  claim  was  declared  void,  as  the  conditions  had 
not  been  fulfilled.  He  lived  fourteen  years  in 
this  country ;  and  published  a  description  of  the 
English  province  of  Carolina,  by  the  Spaniards 
called  Florida,  etc.  8vo.,  London,  1722 ;  the  same, 
1741. 

COKE,  Tench,  a  writer  on  public  economy, 
died  at  Philadelphia  July  16,  1824,  aged  68.  He 
published  an  address  on  American  manufactures ; 
an  inquiry  on  the  pnncii>les  of  a  commercial  sys- 
tem for  the  United  States,  1787;  examination  of 
Lord  Sheffield's  observations,  1792  j  view  of  the 
United  States,  1794;  thoughts  on  naval  power 
and  the  encouragement  of  commerce  and  manu- 
factures, 1800  i  memoir  on  the  cultivotion,  trade, 


and  manufocture  of  cotton,  1807;  memoir  on  a 
navigation  act,  1809;  statement  of  the  arts  and 
manufactures  of  the  United  States,  1814. 

CRADOCK,  Matthew,  first  governor  of  Mas- 
sachusetts, was  an  opulent  merchant  in  London. 
Of  the  London  company,  which  in  1028  j)ur- 
chased  the  patent  of  the  territory  of  Massachu- 
setts, he  was  chosen  governor.  He  never  came 
to  this  country ;  but  Endicott  was  sent  out  to 
make  a  plantation.  He  jiroposed  the  imjjortant 
measure  of  transferring  the  government  to  the 
actual  settlers ;  accordingly  M^inthrop  was  chosen 
governor.  —  Winthrop,  I.  2;  2.  Hist.  Coll.  V.  190. 

CRADOCK,  Thomas,  rector  of  St.  Thomas, 
Baltimore  county,  Maryland,  died  in  1700.  He 
delivered  a  sermon  in  1753,  before  the  governor 
and  assembly,  on  the  irregularities  of  some  of  the 
clergy.  Ho  also  published  in  1756  a  version  of  the 
psalms  of  David  in  heroic  measure,  which,  though 
not  destitute  of  merit,  will  hardly  attract  many 
readers  at  the  present  day. 

CRAFTS,  EbI':nfjzer,  coUmel,  died  in  Crafts- 
bury,  Vt.,  in  1810,  aged  70.  Bom  in  Pomfret,  he 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1759,  and  become  a  mer- 
chant in  Sturbridge.  In  the  Shays  rebellion  he 
served  under  Lincoln,  at  the  head  of  a  regiment, 
lie  was  a  founder  of  Leicester  academy.  In  1790, 
he  removed  to  the  wilderness  of  Vermont,  to  a 
place,  which  took  his  name :  in  the  removal  of 
his  family,  there  being  no  road  for  twenty  miles, 
the  women  were  carried  on  hand  sleds  on  the 
snow.  He  was  generous,  firm,  energetic,  and  led 
a  pure.  Christian  life,  inflexible  in  principle. — 
Washburn's  Sketch  of  Leicester  Academy. 

CRAFTS,  Samuel  Chandler,  son  of  the  pre- 
ceding, governor  of  Vermont,  was  bom  in  Wood- 
stock, Conn.,  Oct.  6,  1768,  and  graduated  at 
Cambridge  in  1790.  He  soon  removed  with  his 
father  to  Craftsbury,  Vt. ;  and  there  he  died  Nov.  19, 
1853,  aged  85.  Various  offices  were  sustained  by 
him,  as  chief  judge  of  the  county  court,  a  mem- 
ber of  congress  eight  years  from  1816,  governor 
in  1828-1830,  and  senator  of  the  United  States  in 
1842.  He  was  a  man  of  simplicity  of  manners, 
of  sound  learning,  of  grsat  moral  worth. 

CRAFTS,  William,  a  poet,  was  born  in 
Charleston,  S.  C,  Jan.  24,  1787,  and,  having, 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  180C,  soon  set- 
tled in  his  native  city  as  a  lawyer  of  ability.  Ho 
was  a  member  of  the  legislature,  and  for  some 
time  the  editor  of  the  Charleston  Courier.  He 
died  at  New  Lebanon  springs.  New  York,  Sept. 
23,  1820,  aged  39.  A  collection  of  his  poems 
and  prose  essays,  with  a  memoir,  was  published 
in  1828.  —  Specimens  of  Amer.  Poetry,  II.  144. 

CRAIO,  Thomas,  major,  died  at  Windsor,  Vt., 
in  Aug.,  1840,  aged  87,  a  Revolutionary  soldier. 
He  was  born  in  Charlestown,  Mass. 

CRAIO,  NATHAaN,  died  in  Leicester,  1852,  aged 
98,  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution.        i  i     ■i'^-  ^  ■•  »«:* 


CRAIK, 


CRANE. 


271 


CRAIK,  James,  M.  D.,  a  ])hysician,  n  native  of 
Scotland,  acconi])anicd  Wasliinfjlon  in  the  expe- 
dition against  the  Frencli  and  Indians  in  17j4, 
and  in  11  oo  attended  liraddock  and  assisted  in 
dressing  liis  wounds.  During  the  Rcvolutionarj- 
war  he  served  in  the  medical  dciiartmcnt.  As 
director  general  of  the  hospital  at  Yorktown,  he 
was  ])rcsent  at  the  surrender  of  Cornwallis,  Oct. 
19,  1781.  After  the  war,  at  the  request  of  Wash- 
ington, he  settled  in  the  neighborhood  of  Mount 
Vernon.  He  died  in  Fairfax  county  Feb.  G,  1814, 
aged  83.  He  was  estimable  in  the  various  rela- 
tions of  private  life.  As  a  physician  he  had  great 
skill  and  success.  Washington  designated  liim 
in  these  terms :  "  My  compatriot  in  arms,  my  old 
and  intimate  friend." —  Thacher's  Med.  Biog. 

CRAM,  Jacob,  died  Dec.  21,  1833,  at  Exeter, 
aged  71,  a  gi-aduatc  of  1782,  and  minister  of 
llopkinton  from  1789  to  1792,  then  a  missionary 
in  New  York,  and  among  the  Indians.  He  stud- 
ied with  Dr.  Emmons. 

CRANCII,  Richard,  judge  of  the  common 
plea^  for  SuffoUv,  was  born  in  England  of  Puritan 
jmrents  in  Oct.,  1720.  He  resided  for  a  while  in 
Boston,  and  liecamc  a  member  of  Dr.  Mayhew's 
church.  In  17*30  he  removed  to  Uraintree,  now 
Quincy,  where  he  died  Oct.  IG,  1811,  aged  %6. 
His  wife,  Mary,  died  the  next  day,  aged  70. 
They  had  lived  together  nearly  fifty  years.  She 
was  the  daughter  of  Rev.  W.  Smith,  and  the  sis- 
ter of  Mrs.  Adams.  Judge  Crunch  had  three 
children.  One  daughter  married  Rev.  Jacob 
Norton  of  Wcyraoutli,  and  died  Jan.  25,  1811; 
another  married  John  Grcenlcaf.  The  son  was 
Wm.  Cranch,  late  chief  justice  of  the  district  court 
of  Columbia  and  reporter  of  the  supreme  court 
of  the  United  States.  His  grandson,  Richard,  of 
the  topograjjhical  engineers,  was  drowned  in  lake 
Erie  in  1825.  Judge  Cranch  was  very  much  re- 
spected for  his  intelligence  and  learning  and  for 
his  moral  and  religious  character.  Theological 
investigations  occupied  much  of  his  time.  He 
published  his  views  of  the  projjhecies  concerning 
antichrist. —  Whitney's  Funcrul  Sermon;  N'or- 
ton's  Discourse. 

CRANCH,  WiLLLVM,  judge,  LL.  D.,  died  at 
Wasliington  Sept.  1,  1855,  aged  86.  A  graduate 
of  Harvard  in  1787,  he  removed  to  Wasliington 
in  1794,  and  was  appointed  in  1801  a  judge  of 
the  circuit  court;  he  was  aftenvards  chief  justice 
till  his  death.  He  was  highly  resjiected  for  iiis 
talents,  learning,  and  jjriuciples.  His  father  was 
Richard  C,  of  Weymouth,  and  his  mother,  Mary 
Smith,  was  the  tister  of  Abigail  Smith,  wife  of 
John  Adams.  He  published  nine  volumes  of 
reports  of  cases  in  the  supreme  court,  a  memoir 
of  J.  Adams,  and  an  address  on  temperance. — 
Boston  Advertiser,  July  10,  1856. 

CR.\NE,  John,  I).  D.,  died   at  Northbridge 


Sept.  1,  1836,  aged  80.  Rom  at  Norton,  he 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1780,  and  was  ordained 
June  25,  1783,  toiling  in  the  ministry  fifty  yeam, 
during  the  same  j)criod  being  a  teacher  thirty 
years,  j)rei)ariiig  one  hundred  young  men  for  col- 
lege, and  writuig  four  thousand  sermons.  In 
the  last  revival  about  seventy  were  added  to  the 
church,  but  only  two  hundred  and  twelve  in  hi8 
whole  ministry.  He  published  several  occasional 
discourses.  —  Jfolman's  tiennon. 

CRANE,  Jamk-s  C,  secretary  of  the  united 
foreign  mission  society,  died  Jan.  12,  1826,  aged 
32.  He  was  born  in  Morristown,  N.  J.,  Jan.  11, 
1794.  His  parents  were  pious.  The  faithful 
instructions  of  his  mother  deeply  impressed  him 
at  the  age  of  six  years.  His  father  having  re- 
moved in  1805  to  New  York,  he  there  served  as 
an  apprentice.  Amidst  tcmjjtations  ho  fell  into 
vicious  habits  ;  but  in  consequence  of  the  lessons 
of  his  deceased  mother  he  experienced  severe 
rebukes  of  conscience.  The  opproach  of  night 
terrified  him,  and  compelled  him  to  pray ;  but  the 
return  of  morning  re-assured  liim  in  his  irrelig- 
ious life.  At  last,  in  1813,  his  anguish  constrained 
him  to  seek  mercy  as  a  miserable  sinner;  and  he 
found  it.  From  this  time  he  felt  the  strongest 
desires  for  the  conversion  of  the  heathen.  Ry 
conversing  with  his  fellow  aj)i)rentices,  in  a  short 
time  a  majority  of  them  become  pious.  Deter- 
mined to  become  a  missionary,  he,  while  yet  an 
apprentice,  attended  the  lectures  of  Dr.  Mason, 
and  was  tUrrcted  in  his  studies  by  Rev.  J.  M. 
Matthews.  He  was  ordained  in  April,  1817.  In 
a  few  days  he  repaired  as  a  missionary  to  the 
Indians  in  Tuscarora  village,  where  he  continued 
till  Sept.,  1823,  when  he  was  a])pointed  general 
agent  of  the  united  foreign  mission  society } 
and  in  !May,  1825,  secretary  for  domestic  corres- 
pondence, as  successor  to  Mr.  Lewis.  In  the 
same  year  he  visited  the  Indians  in  the  western 
l)art  of  New  York  and  hi  Ohio,  and  returned  with 
impaired  health.  The  society  beuig  now  about  to 
be  merged  in  another,  he  was  chosen  assistant 
secretary  of  the  American  l-ible  society,  lie 
left  a  wife  and  three  cluhh-eii  without  property. 
His  anxiety  for  the  Indii'.ns  was  strong  in  his 
sickness.  He  said:  "O,  how  mysterious  the 
providence!  The  fields  are  white,  the  laborers 
few.  I  have  done  little — just  beginning  —  and 
now  I  am  going.  The  Lord's  will  be  done." — 
Panoplist,  April,  1826. 

CRANE,  Emas  W.,  died  suddenly,  Nov.  10, 
1840,  aged  44.  A  native  of  Elizabethtown,  a 
graduate  of  Princeton  in  1814,  he  was  a  teacher 
at  Morristown,  and  the  minister  of  Springfield, 
N.  J.,  six  years.  In  1825,  in  a  remarkable  re- 
vival, eighty  jjcrsons  were  added  to  the  church. 
From  1826  tUl  his  death  he  was  the  minister  of 
Jamaica,  li.  T. ;  and   here  were  two  revivals  in 


272 


CllANE. 


CROMWELL. 


1831  and  1839,  in  which  scvcnfy-four  and  seventy- 
six  persons  l)ccatnc  church  members.  —  Observer, 
Nov.  28,  1840. 

CIIAXI-',  JoAN-XA,  Mrs.,  died  in  Berkeley  in 
18-10,  aged  100. 

CHAXl-;,  WiM.iAM  'SI.,  commodore,  died  at 
■\VaNhin},'ton  March  18,  1810,  aged  01,  by  sclf- 
murder  from  an  unknown  cause,  tlic  son  of  Gen. 
William  C,  who  served  before  Quebec.  Capt. 
Crane  was  the  sixtli  in  the  line  of  captains,  after 
Barrow,  Stewart,  Jones,  Morris,  and  Warrington. 
He  was  distinguished  before  Tripoli,  lie  was 
chief  of  the  bureau  of  ordnance. 

Cll-Wi:.  .loii-N  H.,  D.  ]).,  died  in  Middletown, 
Conn.,  Aug.  17,  185.'!,  aged  GO,  having  been  pas- 
tor of  tlie  first  church  nearly  thirty-five  years. 
He  pubhshed  some  tracts. 

CllAXr.,  l-lmviN,  missionary  to  the  Nestorians 
at  Gawar,  died  Aug.  27,  18o4,  of  tlie  tyjihus 
fever,  in  great  calnuiess  and  peace.  In  a  few  days 
Airs.  Crane  also  witnessed  tlie  death  of  her  little 
son.  Mr.  C.  was  a  native  of  Utica ;  his  father 
was  the  agent  of  the  home  missioimry  society. 

CIlANFIin.D,  EuwAiiD,  president  of  New 
IIami)shire,  succeeded  Waldron  in  1082,  and  was 
succeeded  by  Barefootc  in  1G8j.  He  was  after- 
wards collector  of  Barbadoes,  and  died  about 
1700.  The  tyrannical  acts  of  his  administration 
arc  narrated  by  Belknap.  In  his  disp'.easure 
toward  llev.  Mr.  Moody,  he  endeavo'-ed  to 
enforce  the  uniformity  act.  He  ventured  to  tax 
tlic  people  without  tlieir  consent.  lie  came  to 
this  country  to  make  his  fortune:  his  injustice 
drove  him  away  in  dishonor. — Farmer's  Belknaji, 
I.  113;  lUxt.  Coll.  X.  44. 

Cll.ivivV,  CiiAiu.ES,  governor  of  South  Caro- 
lina from  1712  to  17 IG,  had  been  previously  sec- 
retary to  the  projjrietors.  They  ordered  him  in 
1712  to  sound  Port  Royal  river,  and  jirobably  he 
built  Beaufort  soon  afterwards.  In  1715,  on  the 
occurrence  of  an  Indian  war,  he  displayed  groat 
vigor  and  talents,  and  expelled  from  the  province 
the  invading  savages.  —  Ilolmm,  I.  013. 

CRAWFORD.  :Maut,  died  at  Castiio,  Me., 
Feb.  20,  1830,  aged  100  years  and  5  months.  Slie 
was  the  widow  of  Ur.  William  C.,  chaplain  and 
surgeon  at  fort  I'oint  in  the  Revolutionarv  war. 

CR.VWFORD,  AViLLUM  II.,  secretary  of  the 
treasury,  died  near  Elberton,  Geo.,  in  Sept.,  1834, 
a.ijed  G2.  lie  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1772,  and 
followed  the  plough  till  twenty-one ;  then  became  a 
distinguished  lawyer  and  was  ajjpointed  with  others 
in  1800  to  revise  the  laws  of  Georgia.  He  zeal- 
ously supported  the  election  of  Mr.  Jefferson.  In 
1802  he  was  challenged  by  I'eter  L.  Van  Alen, 
a  lawyer,  and  murdered  him  in  a  duel ;  he  also 
fought  another  duel  with  Gov.  Clark,  and  was 
severely  wounded.  It  is  deplorable  and  dishonor- 
able to  our  country,  that  we  have  had  public  men 
of  eminence,  who,  in   violation   of    human  and 


'  Divine  laws,  have  engaged  in  private  combat,  and 
who  yet  have  afterwards  reci'ived  the  votes  of  the 
])eo])le. 

CRAWFORD,  Joiix,  died  at  West  Camp, 
N.  Y.,  March  7,  1801,  aged  90.  He  entered  the 
ministry  of  the  Methodist  church  in  1789. 

CRKSSOX,  ];i,Li()TT,  died  in  Philadelphia  Feb. 
20,  1804,  j)resident  of  the  Pennsylvania  coloniza- 
tion society.  He  bequeathed  122,000  dollars  to 
various  charitable  institutions,  and  to  his  pastor, 
Dr.  Stevens,  0,000  dollars.  To  Sunday  schools 
the  sum  given  was  00,000 ;  to  the  historical 
society,  to  l)uy  Penn's  mansion,  to  the  Episcopal 
mission  to  Liberia,  for  a  monument  to  I'enn,  10,- 
000  each  ;  to  the  hosjutal  for  the  insane,  0,000; 
to  the  luiiversity,  to  the  agricultural  society,  to  an 
Ejjiscojial  seminary  at  Alexandria,  0,000  each. 

CROCKETT,  David,  colonel,  fell  at  Bexar  in 
Texas,  MareJi  (i,  1S30.  He  had  been  a  member 
of  congress  from  Tennessee. 

CROl'.S,  Joii.N,  D.  I).,  bishop  of  Xew  Jersey, 
died  in  Xew  Brunswick  July  31,  1832,  aged  09. 

CROGHAX,  William,  major,  died  in  I,ocust 
Grove,  Ky.,  in  1822,  aged  09.  An  emigrant  from 
Ireland,  he  entered  the  American  army  in  177(), 
as  a  ca])tain,  and  soon  was  a  majm*  in  the  Vir- 
ginia line.  He  fought  at  Brandywine,  German- 
town,  and  Alonmouth.  He  was  captured  with 
Lincoln  at  Charleston.  In  1700  he  went  to 
Kentucky.  Ilis  wife  was  a  sister  of  Gen.  George 
R.  Clark.  His  house  was  the  seat  of  plenty  and 
hospitality. 

CROGHAN,  George,  colonel,  son  of  the  pre- 
ceding, died  at  New  Orleans,  Jan  8,  1849,  aged 
08.  He  was  inspector-general  of  the  army.  At 
the  age  of  nineteen  he  made  the  brave  defence 
of  fort  Sandusky. 

CROIX,  John  Baptist  de  la,  second  bishop 
of  Quebec,  was  of  a  noble  family  in  Hrenoble,  and 
was  appointed  first  almoner  to  '^  YIV.  He 
came  to  Canada  about  the  year  1'  .successor 

to  Laval,  the  first  bishop.  He  iLv.u  Dec.  28, 
1727,  aged  74,  having  been  forty-two  years  in 
Quel)ec.  Such  was  his  benevolence,  that  he 
founded  three  hospitals,  and  distributed  among 
the  poor  morethn  a  million  of  livres. —  Wynnt'a 
Drit.  Emp.  in  America,  II.  138-141. 

CROMBIE,  JAMK.S,  M.  D.,  died  at  Derry, N.  II., 
in  March,  1803,  aged  83.  His  parents  were 
Scotch-Irish.  For  more  than  twenty  years  he 
was  a  ])hy.sician  at  Temple,  for  thirty  years  in 
Francestown.  In  1831  he  became  a  member  of 
the  clnirch.  He  was  an  excellent  physician  and 
was  resj)ected  in  all  the  relations  of  life. 

CROMWELL,  Thomas,  captain,  was  a  com- 
mon seaman  in  Massachusetts,  about  1G3G. 
While  serving  under  Capt.  Jackson  in  a  man-of- 
war  in  the  West  Indies,  he  was  intrusted  with  the 
command  of  a  vessel,  and  captured  four  or  five 
Spanish  vessels.    Dec.  4,  1046,  he  arrived  at 


cnoi'pEii. 

Ilonton  wltli  three  sliij)s  and  ci),'litj  men,  Imving  j 
previously  ])ut  into  I'lymoutli.    To  tlie  j^ovenior  ' 
lie  j)resente(l  a  curious  sedan,  desi{!;ned   by  the 
viceroy  of  Mexico  as  a  present  for  liis  sister,     lie  j 
and  liis  men  liad  much  money,  plate,  and  jewels 
of  great  value.     In  Uoston  he  lodged  with  a  poor 
man,  in  a  thatched  house,  because  "  in  liis  mean 
estate  that  jwor  man  had  entertained  him  when 
others  would  not."     He  died  in  Uoston,   1049. 
His  widow  was  soon  married — Winthrop,  ii. 
2G-J. 

CHOPPER,  Joiix,  general,  an  officer  of  the 
Itevohitinn,  entered  the  army  in  177G,  as  captain 
in  a  Virginia  regiment,  at  the  age  of  nineteen  or 
twenty.  lie  was  soon  promoted.  lie  fought  in 
the  battle  of  Brandywine,  when  the  regiment,  in 
which  he  was  a  major,  was  nearly  cut  to  pieces. 
His  colonel  and  lieutenant-colonel  having  run  ofl", 
ho  commanded  the  regiment  in  the  retreat.  He 
was  also  in  llie  battles  of  Germantown  and  Mon- 
mouth court-house.  He  died  at  Bowman's  Folly 
in  Aceomao  county,  Virginia,  Jan.  15,  1821, 
aged  C)6. 

CROSBY,  JoiTN,  general,  died  at  Hampden, 
]Me.,  May  20,  1843,  aged  nearly  90,  a  man  of  en- 
terprise and  jjerseverance.  He  onne  did  the 
largest  commercial  business  of  any  man  on  the 
Penobscot. 

CROSBY,  "William,  judge,  died  in  Belfast, 
Me.,  March  31,  18j2,  aged  82.  Bom  in  Billerica, 
he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1794.  In  1802  he 
went  to  Belfast.  lie  was  representative,  senator, 
judge  of  the  common  pleas  for  ten  years;  after 
the  new  State  was  formed,  he  resumed  his  pro- 
fession.    In  1831  he  withdrew  from  active  life. 

CROSWELL,  Andrew,  minister  in  Boston, 
died  April  12,  1785, aged  70.  He  was  graduated 
at  Harvard  college  in  1728.  After  having  been 
settled  in  Groton,  Conn.,  as  successor  of  Ebenezer 
Punderson  for  two  years,  he  was  installed  over  a 
society  in  Boston,  which  was  formed  by  persons 
from  other  churches,  Oct.  C,  1738.  The  house 
of  meeting  was  formerly  possessed  by  Mr.  Le 
Mercier's  society,  and,  after  Mr.  Croswell's  death, 
it  was  converted  into  a  Roman  Catholic  chapel. 
It  was  his  fate  to  be  engaged  much  in  controversy. 
He  published  a  narrative  of  the  new  congrega- 
tional church ;  what  is  Christ  to  me  if  he  is  not 
mine,  or  a  seasonable  defence  of  the  old  protest- 
ant  doctrine  of  justifying  faith,  1740;  an  answer 
to  Giles  Firmin's  eight  arguments  in  relation  to 
this  subject ;  several  sermons  ngainst  Arminians  ; 
controver.sial  writings  with  Turell,  Cumming,  and 
others ;  part  of  an  exposition  of  Paul's  journey  to 
Damascus,  showing  that  giving  more  than  forty 
strijjcs  is  breaking  the  moral  law,  1768 ;  remarks 
on  Bishop  Warburton's  sermon  before  the  society 
for  propagating  the  gospel,  1708;  remarks  on 
commencement  drollery,  1771. — Collect.  Hist. 
Soc.  III.  264. 

35 


CULPEPPER. 


273 


'i 


CROSWELL,  William,  I).  D.,  (Ued  in  Bos- 
ton, Nov.  9,  IN.Jl,  aged  47.  Horn  in  Hud.son,  he 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1822.  He  was  rector  of 
Christ's  church,  Boston,  in  1829 ;  then  he  labored 
four  years  at  .\uburn,  N.  Y.;  at  last  he  was  rector 
of  the  church  of  the  .Vdvcnt  in  Boston.  His  poeti- 
cal writings  have  been  commended.  A  memoir 
of  him,  with  his  poems,  was  ])ublished  by  liis 
father.  Dr.  Croswcll  of  New  Haven,  almost  eighty 
years  of  age. 

CROWELL,  Robert,  D.  I).,  died  in  Essex, 
^lass.,  Nov.  10,  1855,  aged  08.  He  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  in  1811,  studied  theology  at  Andovcr, 
and  had  been  in  Essex  forty-one  years.  His  dis- 
ease was  consumption  ;  in  his  illness  he  was  sus- 
tained by  that  faith  in  Christ,  which  he  had  so 
long  commended  to  others.  His  wife  was  a  sister 
of  Rufus  Clioatc,  and  liis  residence  was  the  old 
Choate  mansion. 

CROWNINSIIIELD,  Benjamin  W.,  secretary 
of  the  navy,  died  at  Boston  Feb.  3,  1851,  aged 
77.  He  was  secretary  under  Madison  and 
Monroe. 

CRUIKSIIANK,  Joseph,  died  in  Philadelphia 
Aug.  9,  1830,  aged  89.  He  was  a  ])rinter,  an 
extensive  publisher  and  bookseller. 

CRULL,  Philip,  died  on  his  farm  in  Fairfax 
county,  Va.,  Nov.  10,  1813,  aged  115.  A  native 
of  Germany,  he  came  to  this  country  in  1721. 
He  was  active  to  the  day  of  his  death.  His  wife 
died  aged  101. 

CUFFEE,  Paul,  a  native  Indian  preacher  to 
the  Shinnecock  tribe  on  Long  Island,  died  at 
Montauk  March  7,  1812,  aged  55.  lie  was  thir- 
teen years  employed  by  the  New  York  mission- 
ary society.  A  marble  slab  denotes  his  grave  at 
Canoe  place.  The  earliest  missionary  to  the  In- 
•dians  was  Rev.  Azariah  Ilortonin  1741,  followed 
by  Samson  Occum,  Peter  John,  and  Paul  Cuffee, 
All  the  Indian  churches  are  extinct  except  one  at 
Poosepatuck,  in  the  southern  part  of  Brookhaven, 
and  one  at  Shinnecock,  two  miles  west  of  the  vil- 
lage at  Southampton :  the  former  having  twenty, 
the  latter  seventy  members.  Deacon  Oby,  the 
brother  of  Cuffee,  was  living  in  1845,  aged  81  j 
and  Deacon  Vincent,  the  son  of  Cuffee,  was  53. 

CULLEN,  John,  M.  D.,  professor  of  the  the- 
ory and  practice  in  Hampden  Sidney  college, 
died  in  Richmond  Jan.  25,  1851,  aged  53. 

CULPEPER,  Thomas,  lord,  governor  of  Vir- 
ginia from  1080  to  1083,  died  iu  1719.  On  his 
arrival  the  assembly  passed  an  act  of  oblivion  in 
reference  to  persons  concerned  in  the  rebellion 
under  Gov.  Berkeley.  They  also,  in  order  to  en- 
courage immigration,  authorized  the  governor  to 
naturalize  any  person  by  instrument  under  seal. 
An  act  was  also  passed  to  prevent  the  frequent 
meetings  of  the  slaves.  Of  his  associates  in  the 
grant  of  the  territory  between  the  Potomac  and 
Rappahannock  iu  1649,  he  purchased  their  rights 


274 


CUMING. 


CUMMIXGS. 


in  1060.  His  estate  descended  to  his  daughter, 
married  to  Lord  Fairfax.  —  Ilolinc.i,  I.  o9" ! 
Lord's  Leiiprierc. 

CUXIIXO,  John,  a  j)h)sirian,  was  the  son  of 
Robert  C,  a  Scotchman,  who  emij,'ralc(l  after  tlie 
rebellion,  and  died  in  Concord,  Mass.  In  tlie 
French  war  of  Moo,  he  was  a  lieutenant  and  was 
taken  prisoner,  lie  afterwards  liecame  an  emi- 
nent physician  in  Concord,  and  died  July  .'J,  IT.SS, 
Bged  CO.  lie  was  a  Christian,  who  early  devoted 
himself  to  the  service  of  his  Maker,  mid  he  died 
in  peace,  lie  was  a  friend  to  learning,  charitable 
to  the  poor,  and  constantly  exerting  liimself  to 
promote  the  good  of  society.  His  generous  do- 
nations for  the  benefit  of  the  poor,  for  the  main- 
tenance of  schools,  for  a  library  in  Concord,  and 
to  the  college  in  Cambridge  toward  tlie  sujiport 
of  a  medical  professor,  are  evidences  of  his  en- 
lightened benevolence.  —  Independent  Chronicle, 
July  24,  1788. 

CUMIXGS,  Hentiy,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Billcr- 
ica,  Mass.,  was  bom  in  llollis,  N.  IL,  Sept.  28, 
1739,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  college  17C0. 
He  was  ordained  Jan.  20,  1703.  After  toiling 
fift.y-one  years,  he  received  Nathaniel  Whitman  as 
his  colleague,  Jan.  20,  1814.  He  died  Sept.  5, 
1823,  aged  nearly  84.  Ho  was  frequently  called 
to  preach  on  public  occasions.  His  occasional 
discourses  published  are  fourteen,  of  which  are 
the  following;  at  the  election,  1783;  Dudleian 
lecture,  1701;  at  a  thanksgiving,  1798;  before  a 
charitable  society,  1802 ;  half-century  discourse, 
1813.  — /'anner's  Coll.  ii.  app.  80. 

GUMMING,  ALEXiVXDER,  minister  in  Boston, 
died  Aug.  25,  1703,  aged  30.  He  was  the  son  of 
llobert  C.,  a  native  of  Montrose,  Scotland,  a  mer- 
chant, highly  respected,  who  died  at  Freehold  in 
1709.  In  1750  he  was  chosen  a  colleague  of  Mr". 
Pemberton  of  New  York,  but  was  dismissed  in  1753 
on  account  of  his  ill  health.  Feb.  25,  1701,  he 
was  installed  as  colleague  with  Dr.  Scwall  at  Bos- 
ton. Hr.  Macwhorter  married  his  sister.  His 
mind  readily  comprehended  points,  which  to 
others  were  intricate  and  abstruse,  and  liis  public 
discourses  were  frequently  on  such  subjects.  He 
was  zealous  against  the  errors  of  the  day.  The 
sermon  which  he  preached  at  his  own  instalment 
was  published,  and  it  is  a  s])ecimen  of  his  talents, 
and  of  his  regard  to  the  truths  of  the  gospel.  — 
SewalVs  Funeral  Sermon. 

GUMMING,  JoiiN  Noble,  general,  a  hero  of 
the  Revolution,  was  a  relative  of  the  preceding, 
probably  his  son.  He  early  espoused  the  cause 
of  his  country,  and  participated  in  some  of  the 
battles  of  the  war.  He  died  at  Newark,  N.  J., 
July  0,  1821,  aged  70.  His  wife  was  the  daugh- 
ter of  Gen.  Foi'man.  His  son,  Hooper  Gumming, 
D.  D.,  minister  of  Newark  for  a  few  years,  died 
at  Charleston,  S.  C,  in  Dec,  1825.  Gen.  C. 
was  a  man  of  integrity  and  honor,  a  patron  of 


civil  order,  and  a  supjiortcr  of  religious  iiutitu- 
tlons.  Though  nut  a  professor  of  reli;,'i()ii,  yet  at 
the  jjeriod  of  a  revival  of  religion  in  LSI"  his 
mind  exi)erienc('d  a  great  change,  and  from  liiat 
time  he  regidarly  attended  family  ]ir:iyer.  lli.t 
minister  regarded  him  as  a  true  believer  in  the 
gos])el.  —  driJIiii'H  Scrtiinn. 

CUMMIXG,  Il()l)i:iiT,  general,  a  llevolulionary 
hero,  died  at  his  residence  in  Lilierty-town,  in 
Maryland,  Feb.  14,  1S20,  aged  71  years.  He 
commanded  at  the  time  of  his  death  the  second 
division  of  the  militia. 

CU.MMIXG,  Sauaii,  widow  of  Gen.  John  X. 
C,  died  in  Xewark  Sept.  28,  1841,  nged  70,  — a 
Chrislian  rijie  in  years  and  ]iety. 

CUMMIXGS,  Auciiiu.uaj,  F,i)iscopal  commis- 
sary for  Pennsylvania,  and  rector  of  Christ  duireh, 
succeeded  Dr.  Welton  in  1720,  and  died  at  I'hil- 
adeljihia,  April  19,  1741.  He  published  an  ex- 
hortation to  the  clergy,  1729 ;  a  sermon  on  the 
death  of  Gov.  Gordon,  1730;  two  sermons  on 
unity,  1737 ;  two  sermons  on  faith,  occasioned  by 
Mr.Whitelield's  reflections,  1740. 

CUMMIXGS,  AiiitviiAM,  a  missionary,  gradu- 
ated at  Providence  college  in  1770,  and  died  at 
Phipsburgh,  Me.,  Aiiw;.  31,  1827,  aged  72.  He 
had  never  any  pastoral  charge,  but  was  strictly 
an  itinerant  jireacher  or  missionary.  He  was 
known  and  respected  in  almost  all  the  towns 
along  the  coast  from  Rhode  Island  to  Passama- 
quoddy,  especially  in  the  islands,  which  had  no 
settled  minister.  In  his  little  boat  he  often 
traversed  alone  the  waters  along  the  whole  coast 
of  Maine,  and  jn-eached  the  gospel  of  Jesus 
Christ  in  the  islands.  For  these  toils  in  the 
cause  of  benevolence  the  world  will  not  honor  him, 
as  it  honors  the  blood-stained  hero  ;  but  such  toils 
will  not  be  unrewarded.  He  published  a  few 
treatises. 

CUMMIXGS,  Jacob  A.,  author  of  several  ele- 
mentary works,  was  graduated  at  Harvard  col- 
lego  in  1801,  and  after  being  a  useftil  teacher  and 
bookseller  in  Boston,  died  Feb.  24,  1820,  aged 
47.  His  publications  for  schools  were  highly  es- 
teemed, and  his  industry,  useful  labors,  and 
amiable  quaUties  procured  him  much  respect. 
He  pubUshcd  Xew  Testament  questions,  1817  ; 
geography,  ancient  and  modern,  1825. 

CUMMIXGS,  Asa,  D.  D.,  died  at  sea  two  days 
out  from  Aspinwall,  June  5  or  0,  1850,  aged  00, 
and  was  buried  in  the  deep.  He  had  lieen  at 
Panama  spending  a  few  months  with  his  daugh- 
ter, the  wife  of  Mr.  Rowell,  seamen's  chaplain. 
After  a  partial  recovery  from  the  jirevailing 
disease  of  the  climate,  he  set  out  on  liis  return, 
by  the  advice  of  his  physician,  accompanied  by 
his  son-in-law  and  daughter.  He  was  on  board 
the  steamer  George  Law.  He  was  the  sixth  of 
sixteen  children,  born  in  Andover,  Mass.,  but  his 
father,  Asa,  died  in  Albany,  Me.,  in  1845,  aged 


.  \ 


CUMMIN08. 

M.  Such  WM  the  pious  zcnl  of  liis  fnthor,  thnf, 
nlthoiiftli  a  jilnin  farnipr,  lie  roafl  scrmoni*  on  tlic 
Sa1)l)ath  tw('nty-cij,'ht  years,  in  tiio  want  of  a  nilii- 
istcr.  His  (jrL'at-fjrandfatiicr  was  102  years  old. 
He  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1817,  was  ordained 
at  North  Yarmouth  in  Maine,  in  1N21,  and  was 
dismissed  in  1S'.'!».  Ho  became  the  editor  of  tlie 
Christian  Mirror  at  Portland,  as  early  as  1820; 
after  some  years  he  purchased  the  establishment. 
A  year  or  two  before  his  death,  his  wife  received 
by  bequest  a  large  estate.  He  was  a  wise, 
learned,  excellent,  venerable  man  ;  hard-working 
for  thirty  years  as  an  editor.  Ho  published 
memoirs  of  Dr.  Payson.  —  Boston  Advertiser, 
July  10,  18,J0. 

CUM>HXGS,  Sexkca,  missionary  to  China, 
died  suddenly  at  New  Ipswich,  N.  H.,  Aug.  12, 
1  S.jC,  aged  39 ;  he  died  at  the  house  of  Mr. 
Steams,  his  father-in-law.  He  and  his  wife 
sailed  in  Nov.,  181";  he  returned  on  account  of 
hei-  health  in  1855.  His  field  of  preparation  for 
liis  work  was  the  valley  of  Min  in  China,  —  con- 
nected with  the  Fuhchau  mission.  Ho  was  hoj)- 
ing  to  return. 

CUMMINS,  Francis,  D.  D.,  died  at  Greens- 
borough,  Geo.,  March,  1832,  aged  80.  For  fifty- 
three  years  he  was  the  jjastor  of  different 
churches ;  and  he  was  a  whig  of  the  Revolution. 

CUIIUIH,  William,  died  in  Great  Valley, 
Chester  county,  Pa.,  Oct.  25,  1803,  aged  93.  He 
was  formerly  a  missionary  to  the  cliurches  of 
Kadnor  and  Perquiomen. 

CURKIEll,  Joseph,  minister  of  Corinth,  Vt.. 
died  in  Aug.,  1829,  aged  80,  a  graduate  of  Har- 
vard in  1705,  and  a  classmate  of  President  Wil- 
lard. 

CURRIER,  Meiietabel,  died  in  Danbury, 
N.  II.,  in  1852,  aged  103  years  and  9months.  She 
siu'vived  her  husband  forty-six  years,  and  all  her 
seven  children. 

CUSHING,  Thomas,  speaker  of  the  house  of 
representatives  of  Mass.,  was  the  son  of  Thomas 
C,  a  member  of  the  council,  and  a  descendant  of 
Matthew  C.  of  Hingham.  He  was  born  in  Bos- 
ton  Jan.  30,  1094,  graduated  at  IIar\ard  college 
in  1711,  and  died  April  11,  1740,  aged  52.  His 
wife,  was  Mary,  the  daughter  of  Edward  Brom- 
ficld.  He  left  one  son  and  two  daughters.  He 
was  distinguished  by  his  wealth,  his  abilities,  his 
zeal  for  his  country's  service,  his  integrity,  and,  in 
a  ])cculiar  manner,  for  his  jjiety.  Mr.  Prince  says 
of  liim,  "  I  found  that  in  a  small,  relaxed,  and 
feeble  body  there  dwelt  a  great,  a  lively,  a  strong, 
and  well-comi)oscd  soul."  About  the  ago  of 
twenty  his  soul  was  renewed  by  the  Spirit  of 
God.  He  daily  read  the  Scriptures  and  prayed 
in  his  family ;  and  he  died  in  joyful  hope.  The 
revival  of  religion  in  Boston,  a  few  years  before  his 
death,  gave  him  great  delight.  In  regard  to 
public  men  in  days  of  difficulty,  he  said  :  "  Men 


Cl'STTINO. 


275 


may  ho  a  long  while  great  jiatriots  from  moral  or 
])olitic!il  ])rin('i]ili's  ;  or  ]iarty  or  "vorldly  interests; 
or  the  ai>|ilaiiso  or  csiccni  of  oilicrs.  But  there 
is  nothing  like  the  spoiial  grace  of  (iod,  a  believ- 
ing view  of  his  jirescnt  eye  and  ftiture  judgment, 
and  an  interest  and  conscieufo  wholly  subjected 
to  him,  to  keej)  men  steady  to  the  |)ublic  interest 
in  times  of  trial."  —  I'rliiti'.i  Finn  rat  Scrmnu. 

CUSHINfi,  Caleu,  minister  of  Salisbury,  son  of 
John  C.  of  Seituate,  was  born  Jan.  0,  1072,  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  1()!)2,  and  ordained  1097.  Ho 
died  Jan.  25,  1752,  aged  80.  His  wife  was  a 
daughter  of  Rev.  John  Cotton.  His  sons  were 
Caleb,  James,  and  John.  His  daughter,  Mary, 
married  John  Ajipleton  of  I])swicli,  and  Elizabeth 
married  Rev,  Joshua  Moody,  of  the  Isle  of 
Shoals. 

CUSHING,  Cai.eh,  judge  of  the  common  pleas 
of  Essex,  died  in  Jan.,  1798,  aged  93. 

CUSHING,  Job,  minister  of  Shrewsbury,  the 
son  of  Matthew  C.  of  Hingham,  was  born  in 
1694,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1714.  He  was 
ordained  the  first  minister  of  S.,  Doc.  4,  1723. 
Ho  died  suddenly  Aug.  0,  1700.  Of  his  sons, 
Jacob  was  the  minister  of  Waltham,  and  John  of 
Ashburnham.  His  widow,  Mary,  daughter  of 
Rev.  John  Prentice,  of  Lancaster,  died  in  1798, 
aged  90. 

CUSHING,  Thomas,   LI,.  D.,  lieutenant-gov- 
ernor of  Mass.,  the   son   of  the  preceding,  died 
Feb.  28,  1788,  aged  02.    lie  was  born  in  theycar 
1725,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1744. 
In  early  life  he  was  called  to  respectable  public 
offices.     Having  been  chosen  rejjresentative  of 
Boston    in    the    general    court,    his    patriotism  • 
and  talents  soon  jirocured  him  the  appointment 
of  speaker.    "While  in  the  chair,  it  was  resolved, 
in  the  controversy  with  England,  to  make  an  ap- 
peal to  arms,  and  he  bent  all  his  exertions  to 
j)romote  the  cause  of  his  country.      Ho  was  a 
judicious  and  active  member  of  the  first  and  sec- 
ond congress,  the  friend  and  counsellor  of  Han- 
cock, and  the  correspondent  of  Franklin.    On 
his  return  to  his  own  State  he  was  elected  into 
the  council,  which  then  constituted  the  supremo 
executive.    He  was  also  appointed  judge  of  the 
courts  of  common  jjleas  and  of  probate  in  Suffolk, 
which  stations  he  held  till  the  adoption  of  the 
State  constitution.    Being  then  appointed  lieuten- 
ant-governor, he  remained  in  that  office  till  his 
death.    A  few  days  before  his  death,  he  had  the 
satisfaction  of  seeing  the  new  federal  constitution 
ratified  in  Massachusetts.    One  of  his  daughters 
married  John  Avery,  secretary  of  State,  who  died 
June,  1806.    He  was  from  youth  a  professor  of 
religion  ;  the  motives  of  the  gospel  governed  him 
through  life ;  and,  at  the  hour  of  his  departure 
from   the  world,  its  sublime   doctrines  and  its 
promises  gave  him  support,     lie  was  a  man  of 
abilities;   a  distinguished  patriot;   a  friend   of 


276 


CUSHINO. 


CUSIIMAN. 


Icnrninp ;  charitnbic  to  the  poor ;  and  nmiablo  in 
all  tlio  I'c'lationN  of  life.  Ilix  ilavH  were  paNRed  in 
conKtnnt  cxorlioii  for  the  public  (food,  Jiimes  S. 
Lorinf;  wrote  in  IH.iO  n  Hketch  of  iiis  life,  which 
WON  ])iil)lishe(l  ill  the  Advertiser.  —  American 
Mu.iciini,  vii.  HiJJ,  KM;  r/'H/zHc/,  March  1,  I'HH; 
J'rincc's  Inincnil  Sermon ;  Boston  Advertiser, 
Oct.   4,  ]«5(J. 

CUSHIN'O,  Jac()H,D.  p.,  mhiistcrofWnltham, 
Ma«s,,  woH  tlio  8on  of  Jtev.  Job  CiiHhing  of 
Shrewsbury,  and  was  born  Fei).  28,  1730.  lie 
was  Rradiiated  at  Harvard  collpffc  in  1748,  and 
ordained  Nov.  22,  1752.  After  conthiuing  fifty- 
Bix  years  in  the  ministry,  he  died  Jan.  18,  1809, 
aged  78.  He  was  mild  and  benevolent  in  his 
temjicr,  and  in  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  the 
pastoral  office  was  conspicuous  for  discretion  and 
prudence.  In  his  jireaching,  however,  he  was  not 
80  fond  of  dwelling  ujion  those  doctrines  of  the 
sacred  volume,  which  are  controverted,  as  ujion 
the  practical  views  of  the  gospel.  He  publislied 
the  following  sermons  ;  at  the  ordination  of  Sam- 
uel AVilliams,  17()«;  of  Elijah  Ihown,  1771;  of 
Jacob  Uiglow,  1772  ;  of  N.  Underwood,  1793  ;  a 
sermon  at  Lexington,  April  20,  1778;  on  the 
death  of  Joseph  Jackson,  1790.  —  C'olumb.  Ccn- 
tinel,  Feb.  8,  1809. 

GUSHING,  Jonathan,  minister  of  Dover,  N.  II., 
died  March  25,  1709,  aged  78,  in  the  fifty-second 
year  of  Ills  ministry.  Dr.  Belkna])  was  his  col- 
league, lie  was  a  sound  preacher,  a  Judicious 
pastor,  a  wise  and  faithful  friend. 

GUSHING,  William,  LL.  D.,  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  United  States,  died  at  Scit- 
uate,  Sept.  13,  1810,  aged  75.  He  was  the  de- 
scendant of  Matthew  C.,  who  arrived  at  Boston 
in  1638.  John  C.,  his  grandfather,  the  gran ''son 
of  Matthew,  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  in  1728,  and  died  at  Scituatc  Jan.  19,  1737, 
aged  75.  His  father,  John,  also  a  judge  of  the 
supreme  court,  died  in  1772.  He  was  born  in 
Scituate  in  March,  1733,  and  graduated  at  Har- 
vard college  in  1751.  He  studied  law  with 
Gridley.  Appointed  judge  of  probate  for  the 
county  of  Lincoln,  he  lived  in  1769  at  Pownal- 
borough  or  Wiscasset.  In  1772,  as  successor  of  his 
father,  he  received  a  commission  as  justice  of  the  su- 
perior court,  and  in  Nov.,  1777,  that  of  chief  justice. 
At  the  beginning  of  the  Revolution,  among  the 
high  in  office,  he  alone  supported  the  rights  of  his 
country.  At  the  organization  of  the  federal  gov- 
ernment he  was  placed  by  Washington,  in  1789, 
on  the  bench  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United 
States,  in  which  office  he  continued  till  his  death, 
although  for  some  time,  by  reason  of  ill  health, 
unable  to  attend  to  its  duties.  He  united  patience 
of  inquiry  with  quickness  of  perception,  and  the 
learning  of  the  scholar  with  the  science  of  the 
lawyer.  Gonvinccd  of  the  truth  of  Ghristianity, 
he  was  careful  in  the  performance  of  its  duties, 


and  was  eminent  for  his  public  and  private  vir- 
tues. 

GUSHING,  Nathaniel,  colonel,  died  in  Ohio 
Aug.,  1814,  aged  61,  an  early  settler.  IJorn  in 
I'embroke,  Mass.,  ho  was  an  officer  in  the  war,  in 
11.  Putnam's  regiment.  He  was  one  of  the  IJel- 
pre  colony  in  1789,  most  intelligent  and  useful. 
In  his  children  he  was  rewarded  for  his  care  in 
their  education.  Thomas  II.  G.  was  his  brother. 
—  llildrefh's  liiog.  Mem, 

GUSHING,  John,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Ashbum- 
ham,  Mass.,  was  born  in  Shrewsbury ;  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1704;  was  ordained  Nov.  2,  1708; 
and  tlicd  Ajiril  27,  1823,  aged  78.  He  was  re- 
spected for  his  attainments  and  ^^rtues.  He  pub- 
lished several  occasional  discourses,  among  tliem 
one  on  the  completion  of  the  fiftieth  year  of  his 
ministry. 

GUSHING,  Thomas  IL,  brigadier-general,  a 
native  of  Mass.,  entered  the  army  in  1770,  and 
served  during  the  war.  He  was  appointed  a 
captain  under  St.  Glair  in  1790;  adjutant-general 
in  1812;  and  brigadier-general  in  1813.  After 
the  war  he  was  appointed,  in  1815,  collector  of 
New  London,  in  the  jjlacc  of  Gen.  Huntington, 
and  died  Oct.  19,  1822,  aged  07.  He  had  not 
strength  of  moral  jji'lnciple  to  restrain  him  from 
a  duel  with  ^Ir.  Lewis,  member  of  congress  from 
Virginia.  His  life  was  saved  by  his  watch,  which 
was  struck  by  his  adversary's  ball.  Some  one  re- 
marked, it  must  be  a  good  watch,  that  kept  time 
from  eternity.  An  account  of  his  trial  before  a 
court  martial  was  published  in  1812. 

GUSHING,  Jonathan  P.,  died  April  25,  1836. 
A  native  of  Rochester,  N.  H.,  and  a  graduate  of 
Dartmouth  in  1817,  he  was  fourteen  years  the 
president  of  Hampden  Sidney  college  in  Virginia. 

GUSHING,  Luther  Steakns,  died  in  Boston 
June  22,  1856,  aged  53  on  the  day  of  his  death. 
Born  in  Lunenburg,  he  graduated  at  the  Gam- 
bridge  law  school  in  1826,  and  in  Boston  con- 
ducted a  law  periodical.  In  1832,  he  was  clerk 
of  the  house,  and  held  the  office  for  years,  and 
was  a  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  from 
1844  to  1848  ;  and  afterwards  reporter  to  the 
supreme  court.  Of  reports  he  published  8  or  10 
vols. ;  also,  rules  of  proceeding  and  debate  in  de- 
liberative assemblies,  1845 ;  also,  elements  of  the 
law  and  practice  of  legislative  assemblies. 

GUSHING,  Thomas  P.,  a  merchant  in  Boston, 
died  Nov.  23,  1854,  aged  67.  He  had  been  re- 
tired from  business  for  some  years. 

GUSHMAN,  Robert,  distinguished  in  the  his- 
tory of  Plymouth  colony,  was  one  of  those  wor- 
thies, who  quitted  England  for  the  sake  of  liberty 
of  conscience,  and  settled  at  Leyden.  In  1617 
he  was  sent  to  England  with  Mr.  Garver,  to  pro- 
cure a  grant  of  lands  in  America,  and  in  1619  he 
was  sent  again  with  Mr.  Brewster,  and  obtained  a 
patent.    He  set  sail  with  the  first  company  in 


CUSTIMAN. 

1020,  hut,  the  vessel  provinff  Icnky,  he  was  ohligcd 
to  relinquish  the  voyn^f-  "•-'  'I'll  "ft  nrrivu  nt 
Plymouth  till  Nov.  1(»,  1()21,  and  tarried  only  n 
month,  hcing  under  the  neeesNify  of  returninj?  to 
give  an  account  of  the  plantation  to  the  merchant 
adventurers,  by  whoso  asNistance  the  f  rst  settlers 
were  tronsported.  While  ]>reparing  to  rejoin  his 
friends  in  America,  he  was  removed  to  another 
ond  better  country  in  1020.  He  was  a  man  of 
activity  and  enterprise ;  resptctablc  for  his  tal- 
ents and  virtues  j  well  acquainted  with  the  Scrip- 
tures ;  and  a  i)rofessed  disciple  of  Jesus  Christ. 
After  his  death,  his  family  came  to  New  England, 
and  his  son,  Thomas  Cushman,  succeeded  Mr. 
Brewster,  as  ruling  elder  of  the  church  of  I'ly- 
mouth,  and  died  in  1091,  aged  83.  Mr.  Cush- 
man, during  his  short  residence  at  Plymouth, 
though  not  a  minister,  delivered  a  discourse  on  the 
sin  and  danger  of  self-love,  which  was  printed  at 
London  in  1022,  at  Boston  in  1724,  and  at  Ply- 
mouth in  1783,  with  an  appendix  by  John  Davis, 
containing  an  account  of  Mr.  Cushman.  The  de- 
sign of  the  discourse  was  to  repress  the  desire  of 
personal  property,  which  was  begiiuiing  to  exhibit 
itself,  and  to  persuade  our  fathers  to  continue  that 
entire  community  of  interests,  which  they  at  first 
established.  Extrocts  from  this  valuable  and 
curious  relic  of  antiquity  are  ])reser\-ed  in  Belknap. 
II.  W.  Cushman,  of  Bernardston,  has  prepared  a 
genealogy  of  all  the  Cushmans.  All  are  de- 
scended from  Elder  Thomas  C,  and  his  wife, 
Mary,  the  daughter  of  Mary  AUerton,  —  Ap- 
pendix to  Cnshmnn's  Discourse,  Belknap's  Amer- 
ican Biography,  II.  207-280. 

CUSHMAN,  TnoMAH,  died  at  Plymouth,  Dec. 
11,  1091,  aged  83.  lie  was  the  son  of  Robert  C; 
a  ruling  elder  after  Brewster,  from  April  0,  1049, 
nearly  forty-three  years,  lie  was  capable  as  a 
teacher,  and  possessed  all  the  virtues  required  for 
liis  office. 

CUSHMAN,  Gideon,  died  in  Hebron,  Mc, 
May,  1845,  aged  95,  a  first  settler;  leaving  ten 
children,  eighty  grandcliildren,  one  hundred 
great-grandchildren. 

CUSTIS,  John  P.vrke,  only  son  of  Mrs.  Custis, 
who  married  Washington  ;  his  father  was  Daniel 
Parke  Custis.  His  daughter,  Eleanor,  married 
Lawrence  Lewis  of  Windham,  Va.  He  was  the 
son  of  Gen.  Washington's  only  sister.  Mrs, 
Lewis  died  in  1852,  aged  73,  —  leaving  a  brother, 
George  Washington  Parke  Custis,  of  Arlington 
house.  Martha  Wasliington  was  of  the  old  Cal- 
vert family,  a  descendant  of  Lord  Baltimore. 

CUTBUSII,  James,  professor  of  chemistry  in 
the  militai7  academy  at  West  Point,  died  there 
Dec.  15,  1823.  He  was  profoundly  skilled  in 
chemistry,  and  was  also  a  man  of  great  inde])end- 
ence  of  opinion,  the  promoter  of  objects  which  he 
deemed  conducive  to  the  happiness  and  honor  of 
his  country.    lie  published  the  useful  cabinet, 


CUTLER. 


277 


monthly,  1  vol.  1808  i  ])hilosophy  of  experi- 
mental ciiemistry,  2  vols.  1813.  After  his  death 
a  treatise,  whieii  he  ])re])ared  on  pyrotcchny,  was 
])ubliHhed  by  his  widow. 

CUTLElt,  Ei'iiitAiM,  judge,  died  at  Warren, 
Ohio,  in  Jtdy,  1N.J3,  a^jed  8(1.  Tlie  Hon  of  Bev. 
Manatiseh  Cutler,  he  removed  to  Ohio  as  early  as 
179.>.  In  1802,  as  a  member  of  the  State  con- 
vention, he  drafted  the  article  against  slavery. 
In  1819,  he  framed  the  i)ill  for  the  present  school 
system.  His  piety  was  manifested  in  his  family 
and  in  all  the  relations  of  life.  He  and  Judge 
Burnet  went  to  Ohio  in  the  same  year,  and  after 
a  residence  of  nearly  sixty  years  each  died  in 
1853.  Prof.  .Vndrews  ])ublished  a  discourse  on 
his  death. 

CUTLER,  John,  long  an  eminent  ])hysicion 
and  surgeon  in  Boston,  died  Sejit.  23,  1701,  aged 
85.     Dr.  Boylston  was  his  puj)il. 

CUTLER,"  Timothy,  D.  D.,  i)rcsidcnt  of  Yale 
college,  died  in  Boston  Aug.  17,  1705,  aged  82. 
He  was  the  son  of  Maj.  John  Cutler  of  Ciiarlcs- 
town,  Mass.,  and  was  graduated  at  Har\-ard  col- 
lege in  1701.  lie  was  ordained  Jan.  11,  1709, 
minister  of  Stratford,  Conn.,  where  he  continued 
ten  years  in  high  esteem,  l)eing  the  most  cele- 
brated preacher  in  the  colony.  In  1719  he  wan 
chosen  jjresident  of  Yale  college,  and  entered 
upon  the  duties  of  the  office  in  the  same  year. 
His  predecessor  was  Mr.  Pierson,  in  the  interval 
between  whose  death  and  his  accession  the  college 
had  been  removed  to  New  Haven.  The  removal 
was  in  1710;  the  first  commencement  at  New 
Haven  was  in  1717.  The  appointment  of  Mr. 
Cutler  was  considered  as  an  aus])icious  event  to 
the  institution,  for  he  was  a  man  of  profound  and 
general  learning,  particularly  distinguished  for 
his  acquaintance  with  oriental  literature,  and  he 
presided  over  the  collcgf!  with  dignity  and  reputa- 
tion. In  1722  lie  was  induced,  in  consequence  of 
reading  the  works  of  a  number  of  late  writers  in 
England,  to  renounce  the  communion  of  the  Con- 
gregational churches,  and  the  'r.istues  therefore 
passed  a  vote  "excusing  him  ft.  ■,  ..'1  further  ser- 
vice, as  rector  of  Yale  college,"  anr  requiring  of 
future  rectors  satisfactory  evidence  of  "  the  sound- 
ness of  their  faith  in  opposition  to  Arminian  and 
prelatieal  corruptions."  He  was  succeeded  by  Mr. 
Williams.  He  went  to  Boston  in  Oct.,  where  a 
new  church  was  offered  to  him,  and  embarked 
with  Mr.  Johnson  for  England  Nov.  5th.  Ir 
the  latter  end  of  ^larch,  1723,  he  was  ordained, 
first  a  deacon  and  then  a  priest.  From  Oxford 
he  received  his  degree  of  doctor  in  divinity.  He 
set  sail  on  his  return  to  America  July  20th,  and 
soon  after  became  rector  of  Christ  church  in  Bos- 
ton, where  he  continued  till  his  death. 

He  was  a  man  of  strong  powers  of  mind.  Dr. 
Eliot  describes  him  as  haughty  and  overbearing 
in  his  manners,  and  incapable  of  winning  the 


278 


CUTTKR. 


DAGGETT. 


hcartfl  of  the  yoiin;?.  Mr.  Wliiti'lidd  (f!vo«  nil 
account  of  II  (Ic'liiilc  will)  liiiii  mi  I'ri'sliyti  riini 
ordiimtiiiii  iiiid  iiiNtantniiciiiis  coiixci'sion.  lie 
R]>oki'  i.atiii  with  ^rcat  tluciii'y  iinil  ili^niily,  and 
he  wan  oiii'  of  llio  lii'st  orii'iiliil  wlii)lars  ever 
educated  in  tliis  country.  I'resideiit  .Stiles  repre- 
sents liim  as  liavinij  more  kno\vledf,'e  of  the  .\ra- 
bic  tlian  any  man  in  New  l'',n;,'hui(l  liefiire  liiin, 
except  President  Chaiincy,  and  his  disciple,  Mr. 
Thacher.  He  was  also  well  skilled  in  logic,  inet- 
n])hysicN,  moral  philosophy,  tlieoloj;y,  mid  ecclesi- 
astical history.  He  pulilislied  n  sermon  delivered 
before  the  fjeiieral  court  at  New  Haven,  1717; 
mid  a  sermon  <in  the  death  of  Thonias  Greaves, 
17.57. —  Ctnifi'K  Fini.  Scrm.;  Miller,  II.  li'Ai; 
('/tili'n  /lixf.  (if  Yale  (!ii//ci/c,  .'U  ;  Wliitofidd's 
Jour,  in  X.  E.  1710,  4S;  ('humllcr's  lAfe  of 
Johimin,  17,  'J7-U!'i  Ifolnicn'  LiJ'v  of  Stiles,  387; 
and  Animln,  II.  ll.'J. 

CUTI.KK,   Man.\assi:h,   LI,.  ]).,   n  botanist, 
minister  of  Hamilton,  Mass.,  jfrnduated  at  Yale 
eolleffc  in  17(i.'),  and  died  July  i.'8,  1823,  nffcd  81, 
in  the  fifty-second  year  of  his  ministry.     He  was 
a  menilier  of  various  learned  societies,  and  was 
one  of  the  earliest  cultivators  in  New  England  of 
the  science  of  botany.     Hesidcs  being  a  minister, 
he  was  also  elected  a  member  of  congress  in  1800 
and    180'.'.     He    published   a  century  discourse, 
1815  ;  and  un  account  of  American   jilants   in 
memoirs  of  Anieriean  academy,  vol.  i.  39(5-493. 
CUTI,E]{,  Jkuvis,  major,  died  iu  Evansville, 
Ind.,  June  '2o,  1844,  aged  70.    Ho  was  born  in 
Edgartown,  tlie  son  of  Kev.  Manassch  Cutler, 
who  as  a  member  of  congress  was  a  negotiator 
for  the  jiurchase  of  a  million  and  a  half  of  acres 
by   the  Ohio   coni])any.     He  went  with  ]{ufus 
Putnam  to  settle  Marietta,  cutting  down  the  first 
tree  for  a  clearing  in  Ohio  in   1788.     He  was 
esteemed  for  liis  integrity  and  kind-heartedness. 
lie  had  a  taste  for  the  line  arts.     His  adventures 
are  related  by  Hildreth.  —  lliUlrcth'a  liiof/.  Mem. 
CUTT,  John,   president  of   the  jirovince  of 
New  Hamjisliire,  came  from  Wales  liefore  1G46, 
and  was  a  distinguished  merchant,  of  great  prob- 
ity, in  Portsmouth.    He  was  apjiointed  president 
in  IC79,  and  commenced  the  duties  of  his  ofKce 
in  1080.     He  died  March  27,  1081,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Itichard  Waldron.     He  left  sons,  John 
and  Samuel.      His  widow,  a  second  wife,   was 
killed  by  the  Indians.    His  brother,  John,  carried 
on  the  fishery  at  the  Isle  of  Shoals,  and  llobort 
the  business  of  ship-building  at  Kittcry.      The 
descendants  write  the  name  Cutis.     Of  these, 
Edward  died  at  Kittery  in  Jan.  or  Feb.,  1818, 
aged  89;  and  Col.  Thomas  ;     "^aco,  Jan.,  1821, 
aged  87.  —  Annuls  of  Portsm      h  70;  Farmer. 
CUTTER,  AiiMi  11.,  :M.  1).,  a  physician,  died 
Dec.  8,  1820,  aged  8o.    He  was  born  in  North 
Yarmouth,  !Mainc,  in  1735,  the  son  of  Ammi  II. 
C,  the  first  minister  of  that  town.    He  was  grad- 


uated at  Harvard  college  in  1752.  In  175.'5  he 
served  as  a  siiigeoii  in  the  ((iniininy  of  ranger* 
under  Jtobert  Itogers  in  a  very  hazanlouH  expe- 
dilioii,  and  in  175S  in  the  expeililiiin  a;,Miiist 
l.ouislioiirg.  He  settled  at  I'rirlsiiioiilh.  I'.arly 
in  1777  he  was  a|)pointed  physician-general  of 
the  eastern  department,  and  stationed  at  Fishkill, 
X.  J.  During  his  absence  his  eldest  son,  nt  col- 
lege, died.  He  returned  to  his  large  family  in 
the  beginning  of  1778.  After  being  in  practice 
about  fifty  years  he  received  his  son,  AVilliimi,  into 
partnership,  and  soon  reliiKpiished  business. — 
Thalclicr's  Mid.  liior/ ;  Ann.  oj  Porlswonlh. 

CUTT1'"J{,  I.KVI,  an  eminently  useful  and 
])ious  man,  died  at  Portland  Marcii  2,  1850, 
aged  about  S3.  He  had  been  a  merchant,  and 
as  mayor  of  the  city  he  liad  done  mudi  for  its 
imiirovement  and  ornament,  especially  in  its  pub- 
lic walks  at  the  c.ist  and  west  iinrts  of  the  town. 
His  son,  Uev.  Edward  Cutter,  succeeded  Mr. 
Cummings  hi  1850  as  the  editor  of  the  Christian 
Mirror. 

CUTTS,  CiiAiiLES,  secretary  of  the  senate  of 
the  United  States,  died  at  Washington  Jan.  25, 
1840,  aged  about  78.  Ho  was  a  graduate  of 
Harvard  in  1789. 

CUTTS,  IticiiAUD,  died  at  Washington  Ajiril 
7,  1845,  aged  73.  He  was  the  son  of  Tliomas 
Cutis  of  Saco,  and  was  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1790.  He  was  in  congress  from  1801  to  1813; 
and  then  comjitroller  of  the  treasury.  His  wife, 
Anna  Paine,  a  sister  of  Mrs.  Madison,  died  in 
1832.     He  left  si.\  children. 

CUYLEIl,  CouNFXirs  C,  D.I).,  died  in  Phil- 
adeljihia  Aug.  31,  1850,  aged  00.  He  was  many 
years  pastor  of  the  Dutch  church  in  I'oughkeej)- 
sie,  and  seventeen  years  jiastor  of  the  second 
Presbyterian  church  in  Philadeljihia.  He  was 
also  president  of  Jeflerson  medical  college. 

DAIJALL,  Xatoan,  died  at  Groton,  N.  Y., 
March  9,  1818,  aged  08.  He  was  an  able  teacher 
of  mathematics ;  and  one  thousand  and  five  liun- 
dred  ])rrsons  were  instructed  by  him  in  naviga- 
tion. He  i)ublished  a  valuable  system  of  arith- 
metic, and  a  system  of  navigation. 

DAGGETT,  Napiitali,  D.  D.,  president  of 
Yale  college,  died  Nov.  25,  1780,  aged  about  52. 
He  was  a  native  of  Attleborough,  Mass.,  and  in  1748 
graduated  at  tlie  institution  which  was  afterwards 
hitrusti  :1  to  his  care.  In  the  year  1751  he  was 
settled  in  the  ministry  at  Smith  Town  on  Long 
Island,  from  whence  he  removed  in  1750  to  New 
Haven,  and  accepted  the  appointment  of  profes- 
sor of  divinity  in  the  college.  Tills  office  he  filled 
during  the  remainder  of  his  life.  After  the  death 
of  Mr.  Clap  in  1760,  he  officiated  as  president 
till  April  1,  1777,  when  he  resigned  the  chair. 
Dr.  Stiles  was  ap])ointed  his  successor.  In  July, 
1779,  he  distinguished  himself  by  his  bravery, 
when  the  British  attacked  New  Haven.    He  was 


DAOGITr. 


DALLAS. 


279 


duccrcdcd  in  liin  profi'ttNorsliij)  liy  Sninucl  Walcn 
He  was  n  ({i)i)(l  tlftHsit'iil  M'lxilur,  ami  n  learned 
divine.  lie  |)iil)lislied  u  nernion  tm  the  denlli  of 
rresideiit  ('la|),  1707  ;  lit  the  iirdiiiiitiiin  of  I''.l)en- 
e/er  llald»in,  177(1;  of  J.  Howe,  17711.  —  llnlmi'.s' 
l.il'eof  .Sliles,  -M'^,  ;i!J(Jj  den.  Hint.  <>f  Cmiii., 
•1 12. 

l).VOr;i"rT,lIi:xuY,  iin  oincerof  llu-  llovolii- 
tionary  army,  dii'd  at  Xew  Haven  June  20,  ISIU, 
a}(ed  H.J,  the  (ddeNt  of  the  ^rudimteH.  JIo  was 
the  Kon  of  President  Da^j^ett. 

])A(iOK'n',  David,  LL.  ]).,  jud^e,  died  nt 
New  Haven  Ajjril  10,  1H,>1,  a(?ed  NO.  He  was 
born  nt  Attlelmrounh  Dec.  ',l\,  1701,  descemh'd 
from  Jolm  D.  of  Watcrtown  in  lO.'JO,  from 
Thomas  D.  of  l'",dj(arto\vn,  who  married  Hannah 
Mayhew,  and  from  John  and  Kbenezer  of  Attle- 
1)onnif{h.  A  graduate  of  17h;J  nt  Yale,  in  n  dis- 
tinguished class,  he  ]irnctised  law  and  sustained 
various  otllces.  I'rom  1H13  he  was  a  senator  of 
the  United  States  for  six  years;  in  lH2t  he  was 
an  instructor  in  the  law  school;  in  1S20,  Kent 
jirofcHsor  in  Ynlu  coUcfjc;  from  18;{2  to  IS.'Jl, 
chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  Conn.,  retir- 
ing;; by  limitati(m  at  the  n^^c  of  70.  His  widow, 
>Iury  L.,  died  in  Dec,  IH.Vt,  aj^ed  O.j.  His  son, 
])r.  O.  ]■;.  Daf?{j;ctt,  is  minister  of  Cannndaif^un. 
He  pnblished  an  oration  July  1,  1787 ;  another, 
entitled  sunbeams  from  cucund)ers,  1791);  an  ar- 
gument before  general  as.sembly  of  Conn.,  ItlOl ; 
culogium  on  K.  (Jriswold,  1812. 

D.\H.LE,  Pktku,  minister  of  the  French  Pro- 
testant church  hi  Uoston,  came  to  New  England 
in  1080,  and  died  May  21,  17 lo,  aged  do,  and  was 
succeeded  by  Lc  Mercier.  He  was  buried  in  the 
centre  of  the  Granary  burying-yard:  around  him 
arc  French  names.  He  was  of  great  piety,  char- 
itable, courteous,  exemplary.  He  required  by  his 
will  that  there  should  be  no  wine  at  his  funeral ; 
though  a  scarf  and  gloves  were  given  to  each 
minister.  His  library  he  gave  to  the  church,  and 
to  the  minister  of  the  same  church  one  hundred 
pounds.  —  Ilist.  Coll.  3d  scries,  vol.  II.  p.  52. 

DALE,  TiioJtAS,  Sir,  governor  of  Va.,  died  in 
the  East  Indies  in  ICIG.  He  was  high  marshal 
in  1009  and  1011  j  again  governor  niter  Gates 
in  1014. 

DAIiE,  IlioiiAKD,  commodore  in  the  naAy, 
was  born  in  Virginia  about  1757.  In  the  war  of 
the  llevolution  he  served  in  the  brig  Lexington 
as  midshipman.  Cajjlm-ed  in  1776,  by  a  IJritish 
frigate,  he  and  his  crew  retook  the  brig  in  the  fol- 
lowing night.  He  was  again  captured  Sept.  19, 
1777,  and  thrown  into  Mill  prison,  from  which  he 
made  his  escape  in  Feb.,  1779,  and  joined  Paul 
Jones  in  the  Bon  Homme  llichard  at  L'Oricnt. 
In  the  action  with  the  Serapis,  Sept.  23,  he  was 
badly  wounded  in  the  leg.  On  board  the  Trum- 
bull of  twenty-eight  guns,  Capt.  J.  Nicholson,  he 
was  again  captured  in  1781,  but  in  Nov.  was  ex- 


changed. In  May,  179H,  he  rnmmnnded  the 
Hloo|)-of-w»r  (iariges.  April  2n,  isol,  he  wn« 
appointed  to  the  eommaiiil  of  the  American 
H(|ua(lr(>ri  in  the  Mediterranean ;  but  resigned 
his  eonunission  Dec.  17,  1S02.  His  risidenie  was 
at  Philadelphia,  \theri',  in  the  midst  of  an  amiable 
family  and  respected  as  a  citi/en  and  a  Christian, 
he  died  I'eb.  21,  1820,  aged  0',).— /.i/i  .;/'  June*, 
120,  301. 

D.VLL'.,  SaMII'.I.,  general,  died  in  MissisHipj)! 
May  23,  1811,  a  pioneer  in  the  setlleiiunt  of  the 
southwest.  In  the  last  war,  his  canoe  tigiit  with 
Indians  in  the  middle  of  the  .\labanui  is  well 
attested,  although  almost  incr('(lil)le.  He  fought 
seven  warriors  with  clubbed  ritles,  and  rowed 
ashore  with  the  cor|)se  of  the  last  under  his  feet. 

D.VLLAS,  Al.K.\AM)l.ti  Jami:s.  secretary  of  the 
treasury  of  the  United  States,  died  Jan.  10, 1817, 
aged  .57.     He  was  of  Scotch    descent    and    was 
liorn   in    the   island  of  Jamaica   in    17o9.     His 
father,   llobert   D.,   was   an   eminent    physician. 
Alter  receivingan  early  education  ut  I''.dinburgh  and 
M'estminster,  he  came  to  litis  country,  after  the 
death  of  his  father,  in   1783,  and   studied  law  ut 
Philadeljihia.    He  also  engaged  in  various  literary 
enterprises,  writing  much  for  the  ])eriodicals  and 
being   at  one  time  the  editor  of  the  Columbian 
Magazine.     In  Jan.,  1791,  he  was  a|)])ointed  sec- 
retary of  Slate,  and  again  in  1793  and  1790.     In 
1801  ho  was  aijjjointed  by  Jelferson  attorney  of 
the  United  Stales  for  the  eastern  district  of  Penn- 
sylvania.    About  this  time  he  recovered  against 
Fenno  2500  dollars  for  a  libel.    In  Oct.,  1814,  he 
was  ai)j)ointed  by  Mr.  Madisim  secretary  of  the 
treasury  of  the  United  States  as  the  successor  of 
O.  W.  Camjjbell ;  and  in  March,  1815,  he  under- 
took the  adililional  trust  of  secretary  at  war,  and 
l)orformed    the  task,  on  the  return  of  peace,  of 
reducing  the  army.     He  resigned  his  honorable 
olKce  and  returned  to  the  lU'actice  of  the  law  at 
Philadel])hia  in  Nov.,  181G;  but  in  n  few  weeks 
his  earthly  career  was  closed.    While  at  Trenton, 
he  was  attacked  with  the  gout  in  the  stomach,  of 
which  he  died  soon  after  he  reached  home.     His 
wife,  whom  he  married  in   1780,  was  of  Devon- 
shire, England.    Mr.  Dallas  had  great  decision 
and  energy,  and  was  eminent  as  n  lawyer.    He 
excelled  in  conversation,  and  his  manners  were 
highly   j)olished.    While  in  office  he  promoted 
the  establishment  of  a  tariff  and  of  the  national 
baidv.     He  j)ublished  :    features  of  Jay's  treaty, 
1795 ;  speeches  on  the  trial  of  lllount  and  the 
impeachment  of  the  judges ;  the  laws  of  Penn- 
sylvania, with  notes ;   address  to   the  society  of 
constitutional  republicans,  1805;  rejiorts  of  cases 
in  the  courts  of  the  United  States  and  Pennsylvania, 
4  vols.,  180G-7 ;  treasury  reports ;  exposition  of 
the  causes  and  character  of  the  late  war,  1815. 
George  M.  Dallas  proposed,  in  1817,  to  publish 
liis  works  in  3  vols.    He  lell  unfinished  sketches 


{80 


J)  ALLAH. 


DANA. 


•f  n   liixtor)'  of  I'cnnNylvniiin.  —  Xalional  Inttl- 
ii/c/irc/-,  Miircli  ITitli,  1S17. 

DALLAS,  Ai.KXAMiKii  J.,  rdrnmoilitri-,  <lii<l  in 
Ciill(U)  lliiy  Jiiiic  :t,  INII,  ^\^^v^\  .Vi.  lie  lion-  the 
name  <if  IiIn  t'utlicr,  mid  wum  in  \.\w  naval  xonicc 
thirty-iiiiii'  yrnrH. 

HALION',  TiMoTirv,  firNt  ministiT  of  Ilnrnp- 
ton,  \.  IL,  tlicd  DiT.  L'H,  KMM.  Mo  wiih  the 
brother  of  I'iiiicnioii,  of  Didlmni,  IN.'KI,  nnd  difd 
without  iNNiic.  My  ii  hltcrai  doiiation  hu  couHti- 
tiitcd  thi'  niiniNtcriai  fund  in  Hampton  and  North 
llnniplon. 

DALTOX,  TuisTKAM,  died  at  HoHton  May  .'10. 
1H17,  iitfcd  "!t.  Horn  at  New!)uryi)ort,  lie  wan 
Kra(hiatt'd  in  M'i't.  I[(>  Ntudicd  iiiw,  married  the 
daughter  of  Itoliert  Hooper,  and  en^^af^ed  witii 
him  in  commercial  purnuitH,  and  waH  appointed 
with  Mr.  Strong  a  nenator  in  the  first  conxrens  in 
17HI),  He  waM  induced  to  remove  to  WaMhin^ton 
and  to  invcNl  iu  real  cNtate  Iun  fortune,  nearly  all 
of  which  he  lost  after  living  in  alHuence  (sixty 
yearN.  An  a  man  of  j)hiIoNophy  and  religion,  lie 
was  NUNtained.  In  IHI.j  he  waH  Kurveyor  of  the 
port  of  IloNton.  He  had  lived  iu  intimacy  with 
th6  (IrKt  four  jircsidcnts. 

DA.MON,  Jt'DK,  minister  of  Truro,  died  in 
182H,  aj^ed  about  7().  He  was  a  f^raduate  of 
Ilorvnrd  in  1770.  Hi»  predeccBsors  were  John 
Avery  and  Caleb  I'pham. 

DAMON,  D.vvii),  ]).  I).,  died  in  1843,  n>fed 
nbout  02.  1  le  was  j^radimted  at  Harvard  in  1 H 1 1 , 
ond  settled  at  Lunenbur;^  as  successor  of  T. 
Flint  in  ISM.  He  ])ublislied  a  sermon  before  a 
bible  society,  IH'JO;  a  farewell  sermon,  1827; 
address  at  .Amesbury  on  tem|)erance,  1820. 

D.WA,  IMcHAiii),  of  Caniliridffe,  who  died  in 
lODj,  had  four  sons,  who  were  the  ancestors  of 
the  numerous  families  of  Danas  iu  this  country; 
Jocob,  born  in  lO.jJ,  who  settled  in  I'omfret, 
Conn.,  Joseph,  lienjamin,  and  Daniel  born  in 
icon  who  lived  in  Cambridf^e. 

]).\X.\,  William,  crt])tain,  died  in  1809,  aged 
04.  He  was  born  in  Little  Cambrid)i;e,  now 
Brighton.  He  was  an  ollicer  in  the  Uovolntion  ; 
in  178!)  ho  joined  the  Ueliire  associates  in  Ohio. 
Ho  lell  many  descendants. — Ilildrctk's  Bio(j. 
JUciiKiirs. 

DAXA,  FiiA.NXiH,  LL.  D.,  chief  justice  of  ^Lis- 
suchusctts,  died  at  Cambridj^c  April  2.5,  1811, 
a{,'cd  08.  He  was  a  descendant  of  lllchard  Dana, 
who  died  at  Cambrid^'e  about  lOO.j.  His  father 
was  llichard  Dana,  an  eminent  maj^istrate.  He 
was  born  atCharlestown  in  Aua;.,  1742,  and,  after 
graduatinj;  at  Harvard  collc;?e  in  1702,  studied  law 
with  Judfje  Trowbridge,  lie  passed  the  year 
177j  in  iMigland,  where  he  had  a  brother,  Ed- 
mund, a  minister  at  Wroxeter,  who  died  in  1823. 
In  1770  he  was  ai)])ointcd  a  delegate  to  congress, 
and,  taldng  his  seat  iu  Nov.,  1777,  continued  in 
that  body  until,  in  Nov.,  1779,  he  accompauied 


Mr.  Adam*  to  Paris  an  «erretnry  of  legation. 
He  was  eUx'ted  Der.  19,  17841,  as  minister  to 
KuHNJii,  when,  he  renuiined,  though  not  publicly 
receiNcd,  from  Aug.,  178L  till  the  close  of  the 
war,  returning  in  Dee.,  I78.'t.  ]lt>  was  chosen  a 
delegate  to  congress  in  178L  A  member  of  the 
.MasNucliusetts  convention,  he  advocated  the  con- 
stitution. The  oflicc  of  envoy  extraordinary  to 
France  in  1797  he  declined,  and  Mr.  (Jerry  wan 
deputed  in  his  stead,  with  ^Ltrshall  and  I'inckney. 
.Vppointed  chief  justice  of  .NLtssachusetts  in  1792, 
he  discharged  very  impartially  and  ably  the  duties 
of  thatollice  until  his  resignation  in  184)0.  Judge 
1  )ana  was  a  learned  lawyer  and  jiresided  hi  court 
with  great  dignity.  His  o|iinions  on  the  bench 
were  remarkable  for  their  clearness  and  jierspi- 
cuity.  In  his  politics,  during  the  days  of  violent 
excitement,  he  was  strongly  attached  to  the  fed- 
eralihts.  His  correspondence  while  in  Kurope  in 
contained  in  Si>arks'  diplomatic  correspondence, 

vol.  VIII. 

I  ).VN.\,  Samikl,  judge,  died  in  Amherst,  N.  IL, 
Ajiril  2,  179S,  aged  oH.  Horn  in  Cambridge,  now 
iirigliton,  he  graduated  in  1166  in  the  cIohh  of 
John  Adams,  and  was  settled  as  the  mhiister  of 
Oroton  Juno  .'),  1701,  the  successor  of  Caleb 
Trowbridge.  Not  having  the  whig  zeal  of  his 
parishioners,  ho  relimiuishcd,  voluntarily,  his 
charge  in  177a,  and  lived  on  a  small  farm,  which 
he  cultivated.  In  1780  he  preached  to  a  small, 
separate  society.  Ueing  the  executor  of  the  will 
of  John  iiulkley,  he  removed  Mr.  U.'s  law  library 
to  his  own  house,  and  was  led  to  read  it  anil 
to  become  a  lawyer ;  he  commenced  the  ])racticu 
in  .Vmherst  in  1781.  He  was  judge  of  probate. 
His  son  Samuel  was  a  lawyer  in  Groton  ;  James 
(«.  a  lawyer  and  editor  in  Frankfort,  Ky. ;  his 
daughter  Mehetabul  married  Gov.  Samuel  Bell  j 
his  son  Luther  was  the  father  of  Professor  J.  F. 
Dana.  His  earliest  ancestor  was  Itichard,  of 
Cambridge,  from  1048  to  109j,  who  left  four  sons, 
from  whom  descended  the  numerous  families  of 
Dana  in  New  England. 

DAN.V,  .S.vjiL'KL,  judge,  son  of  the  preceding, 
died  in  Charlestown,  Mass.,  in  Nov.,  1835,  aged 
00.  His  residence  during  the  active  period  of 
his  life  was  at  Groton.  He  and  Mr.  Bigelow 
were  eminent  rival  lawyers,  and  o])posed  also  in 
])olitics.  Judge  D.  being  of  the  democratic  or  Jef- 
fersonian  jiarty.  In  his  sjieeches  at  the  bar  he 
was  as  smooth,  gentle,  and  insinuating  as  Mr. 
Bigelow  was  bold,  rajiid,  vehement.  He  pub- 
htilied  an  oration,  July  4,  1807. 

DANA,  J.vMKS,  1).  I).,  a  minister  of  New 
Iluven,  died  Aug.  18,  1812,  aged  77.  He  was  a 
native  of  Massachusetts,  and  graduated  at  Har- 
vard college  in  1753.  Some  years  afterwards  ho 
was  a  resident  at  Cambridge.  He  was  ordained 
as  the  successor  of  Samuel  Whittelscy,  at  Wal- 
lingford,  Coun.,  Oct.  12,  1708.    The  history  of 


DANA. 

till- ililllciiltli'H,  oriMMioiu'tl  liy  liii  settlement,  or- 
cii|)ien  t'orly  or  lllly  ]>n;^eH  in  'rriinilniU'jt  liistory 
(if  ('iiiiiiertiViit !  ]w  \v;is  iieetihed  ill"  heteriidnxy, 
niid  III)  interesting;  i|iiestl(m  uIho  jirdM-  eoiieeniiiin 
the  ciiMotnielion  ol"  the  SiiNlirnok  platlorii).  The 
v.rllerH  e;illeil  forth  on  the  rtceiiNinn  were  Kells, 
'I'lKhl,  ll.irl,  and  lloliart.  It  In  jihiin  thiit  the  or- 
diimlion  wun  a  departure  from  tlie  Siiyhrook  phit- 
fonii,  liecause  the  nrdainin},'  iduncil  wan  not 
limited  to  the  coUHneiation ;  it  amoiinte<l  to  an 
assertion  of  tlie  iiidepen<ienee  of  the  ehnreh,  in 
(iisre^'aid  of  tlie  platlorm.  The  memlxTs  of  the 
couneil  were  considered  as  iiiclinin;;  to  Armiii- 
ianisni.  Alter  remaininj;  at  Wallin^jford  thirty 
yenrH,  Dr.  Dana  was  installed  the  jmstor  of  the 
first  ehurcli  at  New  Haven,  .\pril  21),  1"N!>,  as 
tho  snctessor  of  Channcy  Whittlesey.  In  the 
autuinii  of  IN(),>  ho  was  dismissed  ;  after  which 
ho  oecusionally  j)reaehed  in  the  pulpits  of  his 
brethren  in  the  vicinity.  Samuel  W.  Dnnn,  sen- 
ator of  the  United  .States,  was  Ills  only  surviving 
child.  Dr.  Dana  jiublished  anonymously  an 
examination  of  Ivlwards' intpiiry  on  tho  freedom 
of  the  will,  Nvo.  Iloston,  1770)  and,  with  his 
name,  tho  examination  continued,  New  Haven, 
177!J;  in  all  more  than  three  hundred  jjaj^es. 
Some  of  his  views  aro  the  followinj;,  wliicli  are 
nimilnr  to  those  of  Samuel  West,  of  New  Bed- 
ford, published  at  a  later  ])eriod:  For  the  actions 
of  men  there  must  ho  an  erticiont  cause.  Mo- 
tives are  not  that  cause ;  abstract  notions,  and 
Buch  are  all  roosons  ond  motives,  arc  not  ajjents; 
ond  if  they  were,  they  must  themselves,  accordinj; 
to  J'Idwards,  be  determined  by  motives.  As  mo- 
tives are  not  tho  efiicient  cause  of  the  actions  of 
men,  so  neither  is  God  that  cause  ;  for  the  scheme 
of  Stephen  West,  of  Stockbridf;e,  making  God 
the  solo  efficient  in  the  universe,  is  fraught  with 
the  im])ioty  of  making  God  the  author  of  sin, 
and  annihilates  the  responsiblencss  of  man,  ren- 
dering him  a  mere  machine,  or  binding  upon  him 
the  chains  of  a  dreadful  fatalism.  Men  them- 
selves, then,  are  the  only  eiHcient  causes  of  their 
own  volitions  j  nor  do  they  always  determine  ac- 
cording to  the  greatest  ajjparent  good ;  the  affec- 
tions do  not  follow  the  judgment;  men  shi 
against  light,  with  tho  wiser  choice,  tho  greater 
good,  full  in  their  view.  Through  the  impetu- 
osity of  their  jiassions  they  doterraino  aijuind 
the  greatest  apparent  good.  This  is  the  case 
with  every  sinner  who  resolves  to  delay  rei)ent- 
ance  to  a  future  time.  Self-determination  is  the 
characteristic  of  every  moral  agent.  Such  was 
the  oj)inion  of  Dr.  Watts,  who  malntaineil  that 
every  intelligent  spirit  is  the  cause  of  its  own 
volitions.  Even  according  to  Edwards,  it  is  evi- 
dently im])roper  to  spealt  of  the  mind  as  being 
determined  by  motives ;  for  he  expressly  allows, 
that  "  an  apjjcaring  mnd  arp-ccahle  or  pleasing  to 
the  mind,  and  the  mind's  preferring  and  choosing, 
36 


DANA. 


291 


Hi-em  hardly  to  Im>  properly  and  perfect!)  dl.iHinl." 
lint,  if  not  dihlinct,  then  the  ehuice  is  not  eiiu)>ed 
by  the  app<'aran('e  of  the  greulent  good.  Motivu 
i><  not  the  determiner  of  solition  and  at  the  naino 
time  the  act  of  volition.  .\iid  if  the  highest  mo- 
tive is  the  same  as  volition,  then,  to  say  that  a 
man  chooses  as  he  pleases,  is  to  nay  that  ho 
chooses  as  he  chooses.  The  al)si'nce  of  liberty 
he  deemed  inconsistent  with  moral  agency ;  and 
by  liberty  he  ini'ant,  nr)t  merely  lilierty  in  regard 
to  the  external  uition,  iiut  liljerty  of  volition  ;  an 
exein|ition  from  all  cireunistanees  and  causes  hav- 
ing a  controlling  influence  over  the  will ;  a  nelf- 
determining  power  of  man,  as  a  real  agent,  in 
respect  to  his  own  volitions.  On  the  whole,  ho 
regarded  the  scheiiu'  of  l',<hvards  as  ae(|iiittiiig  tho 
creature  of  bliune,  and  impeaching  the  truth  and 
justice  of  the  Creator.  He  puiilished  also  threo 
sermons  in  .\merican  preacher,  vols.  i.  and  III.  | 
on  death  of  John  Hall,  17(i;J;  of  Chauncy  Whittle- 
sey, 170tj  two  sermons  on  faith  and  inserutablo 
])rovidence,  1707  j  a  century  tliscourse,  .Ajiril  1), 
1770;  on  jjrayer,  1771)  election  sermon,  177!»| 
on  death  of  W.  Ucadle,  etc.,  17^2;  on  cajjital 
punishments,  1790  j  on  African  slave  trade,  17'J1  j 
at  the  installation  of  himself,  I7N!( ;  of  A.  Holmes, 
1702)  practical  atheism,  1701;  ordination  of  E. 
Gay,  1703;  A.  Waterman,  1791;  of  Dan  Hun 
tington,  1709  ;  on  the  death  of  Dr.  Styles,  1790  ; 
two  sermons  on  new  year  and  completion  of 
eighteenth  century,  1801 ;  on  death  of  ];.  O. 
Marsh,  1803  ;  character  of  scotfors,  1805;  sermons 
to  young  peoi)le,  1800. 

DANA,  JowKPii,  ]).  D.,  minister  of  Ipswich, 
Mass.,  died  Nov.  10,  1827,  aged  8,j.  Ho  was 
born  at  I'omfret,  Conn.,  Nov.  13,  1712,  and  grad- 
uated at  Yale  college  in  1700.  Ho  was  a  de- 
scendant of  Jacob  Dana,  of  I'omfret,  the  son  of 
Uichard  D.,  of  Cambridge.  Having  early  de- 
voted himself  to  God,  he  studied  theology,  and 
was  ordained  as  the  minister  of  the  south  society 
in  Ipswich  Nov.  7,  1705.  On  the  sixtieth  anni- 
versary of  his  ordination,  at  the  ngi-  of  83,  ho 
preached  in  1823  a  discourse,  in  which  lie  stated, 
iliat  all  who  were  heads  of  families  at  the  time 
of  his  settlement  were  deceased,  excejjting  five  ; 
that  he  had  followed  about  nine  hundred  of  his 
jiarishioners  to  the  grave,  and  had  received  into 
the  church  the  small  number  of  one  hundred  and 
twenty-one,  being  the  average  of  two  in  a  year. 
Of  these,  fifty  were  received  in  a  revival  from 
1708  to  1801.  He  letl  two  sons,  Daniel  and 
Samuel,  ministers  of  Ncwburyport  and  Marble- 
head.  Dr.  Dana  was  a  firm  believer  in  the  great 
doctrines  of  Calvinism,  a  faithful  jjre.aclier,  emi- 
nently a  man  of  prayer,  and  deeply  interested  in 
all  the  events  which  relate  to  the  kingdom  of 
Jesus  Christ.  He  was  a  diligent  student  and  la- 
borious pastor.  A  fortnight  before  his  death  ho 
preached  a  discourse,  recently  written.    An  uuaf- 


l! 


fi 


I 


282 


DANA. 


fccted  humility  marked  liis  character,  and  his  end 
was  peace.  Ho  ])ul)lished  two  dificourses  on 
ProvcrbH,  XVI :  K,  ITS'ij  at  tlic  ordination  of  ]). 
Dana,  1793 ;  of  ]).  Smith,  1793  ;  of  his  won  Samiicl, 
1801 ;  of  Joshua  Dodge,  1K()9 ;  at  a  fast,  1799 ;  a  dis- 
course on  the  death  of  AVnshiiigton,  IHOO;  at  tlie 
convention,  1801 ;  obscr\ations  on  liajitism,  ISOO; 
on  integrity;  on  the  wortli  of  tlie  soul,  1807; 
two  discourses,  1810;  at  Uoston,  1812;  on  the 
death  of  J.  M'Kean,  1818.— CVoifc//'s  Funcnd 
Sermon. 

DANA,  James  Fkef.ma\,  M.  D.,  the  grandson 
of  Judge  Samuel  Dana  and  the  son  of  I,"  ther 
Dana,  was  horn  in  Amherst,  N.  II.,  Sep*,.  23, 
1793.  His  mother,  Lucy  Giddings,  was  a  de- 
scendant in  the  seventh  generation  from  John 
Kobinson.  lie  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
1813,  and  in  a  few  years  was  appointed  assistant 
to  Dr.  Gorham,  professor  of  chemistry.  In  1820 
he  was  a^jpointed  professor  of  chemistry  and 
mineralogy  at  Dartmouth  college ;  hut  resigned 
this  office  in  182G,  on  being  chosen  professor  of 
chemistry  in  the  college  of  physicians  and  sur- 
geons at  New  York.  In  November  he  removed 
to  that  city.  He  soon  lost  his  only  child,  and  in 
April,  1827,  after  an  illness  of  five  days,  he  died 
of  the  erysipelas,  at  the  age  of  33.  1  lis  wife  was 
the  daughter  of  President  "Webber.  He  was  a 
distinguished  chemist,  and  highly  esteemed  by  his 
acquaintance.  lie  ])ublished,  with  liis  brother, 
outlines  of  the  geology  and  mineralogy  of  !'}os- 
ton,  with  a  map,  1818;  an  epitome  of  chemical 
philosoi)hy  as  a  text-book,  8vo.,  1825.  lie  wrote 
also  for  various  journals  many  communications,  a 
list  of  which  is  given  by  Dr.  Thachcr.  —  Thach- 
er's  Med.  Diog.;  Coll.  N.  II.  Hist.  Soc.  ii.  290. 

DANA,  SamI'EL  AV.,  a  senator  of  the  United 
States  from  Connecticut,  died  in  1830,  aged  about 
73.  He  was  the  son  of  Dr.  James  D.,  and  grad- 
uated at  Yale  in  1775. 

DANA,  JuDAii,  died  at  Frycburg,  Me.,  Dec. 
27,  1845,  aged  73,  a  senator  of  the  United  States. 
He  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1795 ;  his  wife 
was  a  daughter  of  Prof,  llijiley,  and  granddaugh- 
ter of  the  first  President  Wheelock.  He  sustained 
various  offices,  as  county  attorney,  judge  of  jjro- 
bate  twenty  years,  and  of  the  common  jjleas,  and 
a  member  of  the  convention  that  formed  the 
constitution  of  Maine.  He  was  a  man  of  ability 
and  conscientiously  faithful  to  the  public. 

DANA,  Sylmcsteh,  a  descendant  of  Ilichard 
D.,  of  Cambridge,  now  Brighton,  in  1()40,  died  at 
Concord,  N.  H.,  June  9,  1849,  aged  nearly  80. 
He  was  born  at  Ashford,  Conn.,  July  4,  17G9. 
His  father,  Anderson  D.,  a  lawyer,  who  removed 
to  AVillcesbarre,  was  killed  by  the  Indians  in  Wy- 
oming Valley.  The  family,  the  widow  and  seven 
children,  Hed  on  foot  to  Connecticut.  S.  D.  was 
graduated  in  1797.  At  Orford,  N.  11.,  he  was  or- 
dained in  May,  ISOl,  and  continued  there  thirty- 


DANFORTH. 

1  three  years.  His  last  words  were,  "  There  is  rest 
in  heaven."  His  house  was  burnt  at  Concord  in 
:  1811,  and  he  lost  his  library,  and  a  maiuiscrijjt 
system  of  theology,  and  history  of  Wyoming, 
whicli  he  had  jirej/ared.  His  mother  was  Susanna 
Ihuitington,  of  Lebanon.  His  brother  Anderson 
lu'ld  the  old  pro])erty  in  Wilkesbarre,  which  made 
him  rich.  Dana's  academy  is  a  witness  to  bis 
lilierality.  He  is  no\.- in  years,  if  yet  alive.  His 
brother.  Judge  Daniel,  Hved  in  the  State  of  New 
York,  and  died  in  Ohio  in  1841,  aged  80. 

DAN.\.  Natiiaxiki.,  died  at  IJrookline  Jan.  18, 
1850,  aged  08.  15orn  in  South  Natick,  he  passed 
most  of  his  life  m  business  in  Portland.  Ho 
was  a  worthy  member  of  Dr.  Payson's  church. 
In  1830  he  removed  to  Boston.  He  was  a 
man  of  good  sense,  of  counsel,  judgment,  and  de- 
cision ;  an  eminent  C'iiristian,  fervent  in  jirayer. 

] )ANE,  Fu.\Ncis,  the  second  minister  of  Ando- 
ver,  died  Feb.  17,  1G97,  aged  81.  He  came  from 
England  in  1030,  and  was  ordained  about  1048. 
His  brother  Jolm,  of  Ipswich,  born  in  1018,  was 
the  ancestor  of  Nathan  1  )ane. 

DANK,  Nahian,  LL.  D.,  died  at  Beverly  in 
Feb.,  1835,  aged  82,  an  eminent  jurist  and  states- 
man. Born  at  Ijiswich,  he  was  of  the  sixth  gen- 
eration from  John,  of  Ipswich  and  Iloxbnry,  who 
died  in  1G58.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1778.  In  congress  he  framed  the  celebrated  or- 
dinance of  1787,  for  the  government  of  tho 
Northwestern  territory,  by  which  slavery  was 
shut  out.  He  founded  at  Cambridge  the  Dane 
j)rofcssorship  of  law,  and  the  law  hall.  He  i)ub- 
lished  a  general  abridgment  and  digest  of  Ameri- 
can law  in  9  vols.  8vo. 

1 ) ANFOIITH,  Thomas,  president  of  the  dis- 
trict of  Maine,  died  Nov.  5,  1099,  aged  77.  He 
was  born  in  England  in  1G22,  and  was  the  son  t)f 
Nicholas  Danforth,  who  died  at  Cambridge  in  1G37. 
He  had  great  influence  in  the  management  of  pub- 
lic affairs  in  difficult  times.  He  was  an  assistant 
from  1059  to  1078.  In  1079  he  was  elected  dep- 
uty-governor. In  the  same  year  the  inhabitants  of 
the  district  of  ]Maine,  being  no  longer  attached  to 
Mas.'-.achusetts  as  a  county,  elected  him  jjrcsidcnt  of 
the  province.  He  accordingly  i/j)ened  his  court  at 
York,  and  granted  several  jjarcels  of  land.  Ho 
continued  in  this  office,  and  in  that  of  deputy-gov- 
ernor, till  the  arrival  of  Andros  at  the  end  of  the 
year  1080,  and  during  this  tine  resided  chiefly  in 
Cambridge.  He  was  also  a  judge  of  the  superior 
court.  In  1G81  he  united  with  Gookin,  Cooke, 
and  others,  in  ojiposing  the  acts  of  trade  and  vin- 
dicating the  chartered  rights  of  his  country.  He 
was  a  man  of  great  integrity  and  wisdom.  In  tho 
time  of  the  witchcraft  delusion,  in  1G92,  he  evinced 
his  correctness  of  judgment  and  his  firmness  by 
condemning  the  proceedings  of  the  courts. — 
initcliinsoii,  I.  189,  323,  329,  331,  380,  404; 
SitlUccai,  385,  380 ;  Hist.  Coll.  V.  75. 


DANFORTH. 

DANFORTII,  Samiei,,  minister  of  Roxbury, 
Mass.,  brother  of  the  iireccdlng,  was  l)orn  in  Enp;- 
land  in  Sept.,  102(!,  and  came  to  tliii;  country 
will)  his  father  in  l(i31.  After  lie  was  <»raduate(l 
at  Harvard  college  in  1013,  he  was  a  tutor  and 
fellow.  When  Mr.  Welde  returned  to  I^ngland, 
he  was  invited  to  become  the  colleague  of  Mr. 
Eliot  of  Roxbury,  and  ho  was  accordingly  or- 
dained Se])t.  24,  iCJO.  lie  died  Nov.  19,  107 1, 
aged  48  years.  lie  had  twelve  children.  Two 
of  his  sons  were  ministers.  Ilis  Rermons  were 
elaborate,  judicious,  and  methodical;  he  wrote 
them  twice  over  in  a  fair,  large  hand,  and  in  each 
discourse  usually  quoted  forty  or  fifty  passages  of 
Scrijjture.  Notwithstanding  this  care  and  labor, 
he  was  so  affectionate  and  pathetic,  that  he  rarely 
finished  the  delivery  of  a  sermon  without  weep- 
ing. In  the  forenoon  he  usually  expounded  the 
Old  Testament,  and  in  the  afternoon  discoursed 
on  the  body  of  divinity.  His  wife,  whom  he  mar- 
ried in  1051,  was  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Wilson, 
and,  when  he  was  contracted  'o  her,  before  his 
marriage,  a  sermon  was  preached  by  !Mr.  Cotton, 
according  to  the  old  usage  of  New  England. 
Such  was  his  peace  in  his  last  moments,  that  Mr. 
Eliot  n.'^ed  to  say,  "  ^ly  brother  Danforth  madt- 
the  most  glorious  end  that  I  ever  saw."  Mr. 
Welde  wrote  a  jjoem  on  his  death.  lie  published 
a  number  of  almanacs,  and  an  astronomical  de- 
scription of  the  comet,  which  appeared  in  1004, 
with  a  brief  theological  application.  He  contends 
that  a  comet  is  a  heavenly  body,  moving  accord- 
ing to  Divine  laws,  and  that  its  appearance  is 
portentous.  lie  i)ublishcd,  also,  the  cry  of  Sodom 
incjuired  into,  or  a  testimony  against  the  sin  of 
imdeanness ;  and  the  election  sermon,  1070,  en- 
titled, a  recognition  of  New  England's  errand 
into  the  wilderness.  —  Ma(her''s  Magiialia,  iv. 
153-157. 

])  AXFOllTII,  Jonx,  7th  minister  of  Dorchester, 
Mass.,  was  the  son  of  the  preceding,  born  Nov. 
5,  1000,  and  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
1077.  lie  was  ordained  as  successor  of  Mr. 
Flint,  June  28,  1082.  From  tliis  period  he  con- 
tinued in  the  ministry  till  his  death.  May  20, 1730, 
aged  70  years.  Dr.  Samuel  Danforth,  of  Boston, 
was  his  grandson.  Jonathan  Bowman,  who  sur- 
vived him,  was  ordained  his  colleague  Nov.  5, 
1729.  Mr.  Danforth  was  a  man  of  great  learn- 
ing. While  he  possessed  an  uncommon  acquain- 
tance with  mathematics,  ho  had  also  a  taste  for 
jjoctry.  He  wrote  many  epitaphs  upon  the  good 
Christians  of  his  Hock.  He  >vas  an  eminent  ser- 
vant of  Jesus  Christ,  being  sound  in  his  princi- 
ples, zealous  to  jjromote  the  salvation  of  liis 
brethren,  u])right,  holy,  and  devout.  The  follow- 
ing lines,  which  are  a  version  of  Mr.  Eliot's  liints 
on  the  proper  method  of  teaching  the  Indians  the 
Cliristian  religion,  may  serve  as  a  specimen  of 
liis  poetry. 


DANFORTH.  283 

"  Tin  nfrrldtltnro  niul  cnlialiitution 
TniiM'  iiTitliT  full  n-irntiiit  ;iii"l  n-iriilation, 
Much  v'ui  wmiM  iln  ynii  "11  Ilmi  iiiipmrtirnble, 
Anil  much  yr>u  ilo  will  |.r'*vc  uii|ir"iUalil»'. 
Tlic  rituuuon  l:iinl-*,  tlmt  lie  uuU'iicM.  yitn  knnw, 
The  hu.-IiiUMlnuni  in  v;ilii  dutli  pIoiiLrli  mnl  sow; 
Wc  liDpi'  in  v.iin  llu'  phiiit  nftTnui'  will  thriT* 
In  foa'sts,  wlitTL'  civility  ciiii't  lire.'' 

He  ])ublished  a  sermon  at  the  departure  of  Mr, 
Lord  and  his  church  for  Carolina,  1097  ;  kneel- 
ing at  jiarting,  a  sermon,  and  a  jioem  on  J.  Eliot, 
1()97;  the  blackness  of  sinning  against  the  light, 
1710  ;  funeral  sermon  on  Iv  Itromlield;  judgment 
begun  at  the  house  of  God,  17 Hi;  two  sermons 
on  the  earthquake,  to  which  is  added,  a  ])oem  on 
the  death  of  P.  Tliacher  of  Milton,  and  S.  Dan- 
forth of  Taunton,  1727  ;  a  fast  sermon;  a  poem 
on  the  death  of  Aim  I'.liot,  and  verses  to  the 
memory  of  her  Jiusband,  John  I'.liot.  —  Coll. 
Hist.  Son.  IX.  170,  177;  New  En  (/laud  Weekly 
Journal,  June  1,  1730. 

DANFORTH,  SAMfi.i,,  minister  of  Taunton, 
Mass.,  was  the  son  of  ^Ir.  Danforth  of  Roxbury, 
and  was  born  Dec.  18,  1000.  He  was  graduated 
at  Harvard  college  in  1083,  and  married  the 
daughter  of  Rev.  J.  Allen  of  Boston.  He  died 
Xov.  14,  1727.  He  was  one  of  the  most  learned 
and  eminent  minifters  of  his  day.  In  the  begin- 
ning of  the  year  1705,  by  means  of  his  benevolent 
labors,  a  deo])  impression  was  made  upon  the  minds 
of  the  i)cople,  and  a  most  pleasing  reformation 
occurred.  The  youth,  who  formerly  assembled 
for  amusement  and  folly,  now  met  for  the  exalted 
jiurpose  of  improving  in  Christian  knowledge  and 
virtue,  and  of  becoming  fitted  for  the  joys  of  the 
heavenly  and  eternal  world,  in  the  jiresencc  of 
Jesus,  the  Saviour.  Several  letters  of  ^Ir.  Dan- 
forth, giving  an  account  of  this  reformation,  are 
preserved  in  Mr.  Prince's  Christian  history.  lie 
published  an  eulogy  on  Thomas  Leonard,  1713, 
and  the  election  sermon,  17 14.  He  left  behind  him 
a  manuscrijjt  Indian  dictionary,  a  jiart  of  which  is 
now  in  the  library  of  the  Masrachusetts  histori- 
cal society.  It  seems  to  have  been  formed  from 
Eliot's  Indian  bible,  as  there  is  a  reference  under 
every  word  to  a  passage  of  Scripture. — Hist. 
Cull.  III.  173;  IX.  170  ;   C/irislian  Hist.  I.  108. 

DANFORTH,  Jonathan,  captain,  died  in 
Billerica  in  1712.  He  was  an  eminent  surveyor, 
frequently  emjiloyed  in  locating  new  towns,  and 
a  man  of  jiiety. 

DANFORTH,  Samukl,  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  medical  society,  died  in  1817,  aged 
about  45.  He  jniblishcd  an  oration  at  Boston 
July  4,  1804 ;  discourse  before  the  humane  soci- 
ety, 1808. 

"danforth,  SAMri:r,,  :SI.  D.,  a  iihysiclan  in 
Boston,  died  Nov.  10,  1827,  aged  87.  He  was 
born  in  1740,  and  was  the  son  of  Samuel!)., 
judge  of  probate  for  Middlesex,  and  the  descend- 
ant of  men  distiiigui»licd  in  New  England.    He 


m 


284 


DANFORTn. 


was  graduated  in  IT.iS,  and  studied  with  Dr. 
lliuid.  At  this  ])criod  lio  hccanio  acquaintod 
with  a  Cjcrnian  physifian,  jjrohably  Dr.  Kast,  wlio 
exerted  an  inih:i))])y  inlhicnco  on  lii.s  relij,M()us 
opinions.  Ke  ])r!ictis('d  first  at  Xew])ort ;  then 
settled  at  ISoston.  Itcinj;  a  loyalist,  lie  remained 
in  (he  town,  while  it  was  oeeiipii'd  liy  the  liritish  ; 
for  whieh  he  was  aflcrwards  treated  harshly. 
From  17!W  to  17!*S  he  was  jiresideiit  of  the  medi- 
cal society.  XeKl'''''i'if;  .''nrfirery,  he  devoted  him- 
self to  medicine,  and  had  fnll  j)ractice  till  he  was 
nearly  eifjhty  years  old.  l''or  about  four  years  he 
was  confined  to  his  family,  lie  died  of  a  ])ara- 
lytic  all'ection.  lie  was  tall,  thin,  erect,  with  an 
aquiline  nose  and  a  jn-ominent  chin,  and  n  coun- 
tenance expressive  f)f  f,'reat  sagacity.  He  em- 
ployed only  a  few  and  j)o\verl\d  remedies,  relying 
chiefly  on  calomel,  oj)iuin,  ijiecacuanha,  and  hark. 
He  rarely  caused  a  patient  to  he  hied.  —  TIkicIi- 
er'.i  Mcil.  Jlioi/. 

DAXFOUTlf,  Jo.sm-A,  colonel,  died  at  Pitt.s- 
field,  Mass.,  Jan.  oO,  1837,  aged  about  7Hj  an 
ofHcer  in  the  IJevolution,  and  the  oldest  j)ost- 
mastcr  in  the  country.  His  son,  llcv.  tloshua  X., 
of  the  neighborhood  of  Washington,  has  hnig 
been  an  accejjtable  corrcsjiondent  of  religious 
papers. 

DAXIEL,  AViLLiAM,  judge,  died  at  Lynchburg, 
Vn.,  Nov.  20,  ISai),  aged  OS.  He  was  for  the 
last  twenty-three  years  a  judge  of  the  general 
and  circuit  courts  of  Virginia,  and  much  resjiectcd 
for  his  talents  and  legal  knowledge. 

DAXnaSOX,  D.v.nii;i.,  general,  died  in  Ilrim- 
field  Sept.  19,  1791,  aged  58.  His  widow  mar- 
ried Gen.  Eaton.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Yale  in 
1756,  and  a  patriot  of  the  devolution ;  a  member 
of  the  provincial  congress  in  1774,  a  delegate  to 
Connecticut  in  1775  on  the  subject  of  raising  an 
army,  and  a])pointcd  to  command  a  regiment ; 
afterwards  chief  justice  of  Ham])shire  county. 
Large  in  jierson,  finely  formed,  hold  and  able,  he 
always  had  a  commanding  influence. 

DAPOXTE,  LoiiKNZO,  died  at  Xew  York  in 
1838,  aged  92.  He  was  an  Italian  ;  and  he  pub- 
lished several  operas. 

DAUBY,  William,  engineer  and  geograjiher, 
died  in  Frederic  county,  Maryland,  in  Aug.,  1827. 
He  was  an  ofHcer  under  Gen.  Jackson  in  Louis- 
iana, and  was  one  of  the  surveyors  of  the  bound- 
ary between  the  United  .Stii*"s  and  Canada.  He 
j)ublished  a  geograjihical  descrijition  of  Louisiana, 
8vo.,  1816  ;  a  map  of  the  same;  plan  of  Pittsburg 
and  adjacent  country,  1817;  emigrant's  guide  to 
the  western  country,  8vo.,  1818;  tour  from  X^ew 
York  to  Detroit,  1819 ;  memoir  on  the  geography 
and  history  of  Florida,  with  a  niaj),  1821 ;  3d 
edition  of  Urooke's  universal  gazetteer,  1823. 

DARBY,  William,  died  at  A\'asliington  Oct. 
9,  185-1,  aged  79;  a  geographer  and  statistician, 
a  native  of  Pennsylvania. 


D'AULNAY. 

D.\RKE,  William,  a  brave  officer  during  the 
American  war,  died  in  Jefferson  county,  Va.,  Xov. 
20,  1801,  aged  65.  He  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
counfy  in  1736,  and  when  a  boy  arcomjianied  his 
parents  to  Virginia.  In  the  nineteenth  year  of 
his  age  he  joined  the  army  under  Gen.  Braddock, 
aiul  shared  in  the  dangers  of  his  defeat  in  1755. 
In  the  beginning  of  the  war  with  Great  Britain  he 
accejited  a  ca])tain'H  commission,  and  served  with 
great  rejiutation  till  the  close  of  the  war,  at 
which  time  he  held  tlie  rank  of  major.  In  1791 
he  received  from  congress  the  command  of  a  regi- 
ment in  the  army  under  Kt.  Clair,  and  bore  a 
distinguished  ])art  in  the  unfortunate  battle  with 
the  Indians,  Xov.  4th.  In  this  battle  he  lost  a 
favorite  son,  and  narrowly  eseajied  with  his  own 
life.  In  his  retirement  during  liis  remaining 
years,  he  enjoyed  the  confidence  of  the  State 
which  had  adopted  him,  and  was  honored  with 
the  rank  of  major-general  of  the  militia.  — Xcw 
York  S/>r(lal(,'r,  Dec.  18,  1801. 

DAHLIXG,  JosiiiA, judge,  died  at  Hennikcr, 
X.  H.,  in  1842.  A  graduate  of  Dartmouth  in 
1794,  lie  was  a])])ointed  a  judge  of  the  common 
jileas  in  1817.  I'.leven  years  before  his  death  he 
became  a  Christian.  —  Jloiiloii's  Funeral  Sermon. 

D.MiLIXG,  X'oYKS,  judge,  died  at  Xew  Haven 
Sept.  17,  1846,  aged  64.  Born  at  Woodbridge, 
he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1801,  and  was  mayor  of 
the  city.  He  was  a  man  of  science,  and  wrote 
pa])ers  on  insects  and  agriculture. 

DARLIXG,  JosKi'ii,  Dr.,  died  at  X'ew  Haven 
Xov.  15,  1850,  aged  91.  He  graduated  at  Yale 
in  1777. 

DAROY,  Etikxxe,  died  at  Thibadeauxville, 
La.,  in  Xov.,  1833,  aged  110. 

D'ARUSMOXT,  Fanny  Wright,  Mrs.,  (Ued  at 
Cincinnati  Dec.  14, 1852,  aged  57.  She  was  born 
in  Dundee,  Scotland,  and  acquired  by  lier  writings 
an  mienvied  notoriety. 

D'AULXAY,  DE  CiiARNisn,  or  D'Atmai,  D'Au- 
nay,  D'Aulncy,  as  his  name  is  variously  written, 
governor  of  Acadia,  had  a  fort  at  I'cnobscot  as 
early  as  Xov.,  1636,  and  claimed  as  far  as  Pema- 
quid.  About  the  year  1632  Acadia  was  divided 
into  three  provinces,  and  the  jiropriety  and  gov- 
ernment assigned  to  De  Razilly,  La  Tour,  and 
Denys.  The  first  had  the  territory  from  Port 
Royal,  in  the  west  of  Xova  Scotia,  to  X^'ew  Eng- 
land; the  second  had  Acadia  jn-oi)er,  or  Nova 
Scotia ;  yet  La  Tour  had  a  fort  at  the  river  St. 
Jolni,  in  the  province  of  the  first.  The  rights  of 
Razilly  were,  after  his  death,  purchased  by 
D'Aulnay,  who  built  a  fort  at  Port  Royal.  His 
claims  conflicting  with  those  of  La  Tour,  a  war- 
fare was  carried  on  lietwecn  them.  Of  tliese 
difficulties  a  long  account  is  given  by  Hubbard. 
In  1643  and  1644  D'Aulnay  still  had  a  fort  at 
Penobscot.  He  made  a  treaty  with  Gov.  Ende- 
cott  Oct.  8,  1644.      Some  advantages  were  de- 


ii'i' 


DAVENPORT. 


DA\TNPORT, 


285 


badeauxville, 


rived  from  the  trade  with  him.  ITis  sccrctiin* 
afterwards  visited  Ho>toii  to  confer  with  tlie  gov- 
ernor on  certain  grievances,  ur  '  the  governor 
sent  D'Aidnay,  as  a  conciliaf-^i'  -ent.  the  "fair 
new  sedan,"  which  Capt.  (,'i  ell  had  given 
him.  Karly  in  UM  he  captuicl  La  Tour's  fort 
at  St.  John  river,  after  it  had  hcon  rcsohitoly  de- 
fended hy  his  wife  ;  lie  lost  twelve  men  in  the 
assault,  and  in  violation  of  his  faith  he  jmt  to 
death  all  the  men  in  the  fort,  except  one,  whom 
lie  made  the  hangman  of  the  others.  The  jew- 
els, plate,  etc.,  were  estimated  at  10,000  pounds. 
I.a  Tour's  wife  died  with  grief  in  three  weeks. 
After  D'Aulnay's  death  La  Tour  married  his 
widow.  Such  was  the  termination  of  the  quarrel. 
—  2  Hist.  Coll.  VI.  478-499;  Charlevoix,  I.  411. 
DAVENl'ORT,  Joii.v,  first  minister  of  New 
Haven,  and  one  of  the  founders  of  the  colony  of 
that  name,  died  March  15,  1670,  aged  72.  He 
was  born  in  the  city  of  Coventry  in  England.  In 
1613  he  was  sent  to  Merton  college,  Oxford, 
where  he  continued  about  two  years.  He  was 
then  removed  to  Magdalen  hall,  which  he  left 
without  a  degree.  Retiring  to  London,  he  be- 
came an  eminent  preacher  among  the  Puritans, 
and  at  length  minister  of  St.  Stephen's  church  in 
Coleman  street.  In  1625  lie  went  to  Magdalen 
hall,  and,  performing  the  exercise  required,  took 
the  degree  of  bachelor  of  divinity.  By  his  great 
industry  he  became  a  universal  scholar,  and  as  a 
jireacher  he  held  the  first  rank.  There  was  in 
his  delivery  a  gravity,  an  energy,  and  an  engaging 
eloquence,  which  were  seldom  witnessed.  About 
the  year  1630  he  united  with  Dr.  Gouge,  Dr. 
Sibs,  and  others,  in  a  design  of  jjurchasing  im- 
propriations, and  with  the  ])rofits  of  them  to  pro- 
vide ministers  for  poor  and  destitute  congregations. 
Such  jirogress  was  made  in  the  execution  of  the 
plan,  that  all  the  church  lands  in  the  possession 
of  laymen  would  soon  have  been  obtained ;  but 
Bishop  Laud,  who  was  apprehensive  that  the 
project  would  promote  the  interests  of  noncon- 
formity, caused  the  comi)any  to  be  dissolved,  and 
the  money  to  be  confiscated  to  the  use  of  his 
majesty.  As  Mr.  Davenport  soon  became  a  con- 
Bcientious  nonconformist,  the  persecutions  to 
which  he  was  exposed  obhged  him  to  resign  his 
pastoral  charge  in  Coleman  street,  and  to  retire 
into  Holland  at  the  close  of  the  year  1633.  He 
was  united  to  become  the  colleague  of  the  aged 
Mr.  Paget,  pastor  of  the  English  church  in  Am- 
sterdam ;  but,  as  he  soon  withstood  the  promis- 
cuous baptism  of  children,  which  was  practised  in 
Holland,  he  became  engaged  in  a  controversy, 
which,  in  about  two  years,  obliged  him  to  desist 
from  his  ])ublic  muiistry.  He  now  contented 
himself  with  giving  private  instruction ;  but,  his 
situation  becoming  uncomfortable,  he  returned  to 
Loudon.  A  letter  from  Mr.  Cotton,  giving  a 
favorable  account  of  the  colony  of  Massachusetts, 


induced  Mr.  Davcn])ort  to  come  to  Boston,  where 
ho  arrived  June  26,  1637,  in  company  with  Mr. 
Eaton  and  Mr.  Hopkins.  He  was  receivrd  with 
great  res])ect,  and  in  August  was  a  ])riident  and 
usefid  member  of  the  synod,  which  was  occa- 
sioned by  the  errors  of  the  day.  He  sailed  with 
his  coni])any  March  .'50,  1638,  for  Quinnipiack,  or 
New  1  laven,  to  found  a  new  colony.  He  ])reached 
luider  an  oak  Ajn-il  18th,  the  first  Sabbath  after 
their  arrival,  and  he  was  minister  there  near 
thirty  years.  His  successors  were  Street,  I'ier- 
pont,  Noyes,  Whittlesey,  Dana,  Stuart,  Taylor, 
and  Bacon.  He  endeavored  to  establish  a  civil 
and  religious  order  more  strictly  in  conformity  to 
the  word  of  God  than  he  had  seen  exhil)ited  in 
any  part  of  the  world.  In  the  government  which 
was  established,  it  was  ordained  that  none  but 
members  of  the  church  should  enjoy  the  jirivi- 
leges  of  freemen.  He  was  anxious  to  promote 
the  j)urity  of  the  cliurch,  and  he  therefore  wrote 
against  the  result  of  the  synod  of  1662,  which 
met  in  Massachusetts,  and  recommended  a  more 
general  bajrtism  of  children  than  had  before  that 
time  been  practised.  He  was  scrupulously  careful 
in  admitting  persons  to  church  communion,  it 
being  a  fixed  principle  with  him,  that  no  ])crson 
should  be  received  into  the  church,  who  did  not 
exhibit  satislactory  evidence  that  he  was  truly 
penitent  and  believing.  Ho  did  not  think  it  jms- 
sible  to  render  the  church  jiori'ectly  pure,  as  men 
could  not  search  into  the  heart ;  but  he  was  per- 
suaded that  there  should  be  a  discrimination. 

After  the  death  of  Mr.  Wilson,  pastor  of  the 
first  church  in  Boston,  in  1667,  Mr.  Davenport  was 
invited  to  succeed  him  j  and  at  the  close  of  the 
year  he  accordingly  removed  to  that  town.  He 
was  now  almost  seventy  years  of  age,  and  his 
church  and  jieojjle  were  unwilling  to  be  separated 
from  him;  but  his  colony  of  New  Haven  had 
been  blended  with  Connecticut,  and  he  hoped  to 
be  more  use.'id  in  Boston,  where  the  strictness  of 
former  times  in  relation  to  ecclesiastical  discipline 
had  been  somewhat  relaxed.  He  was  ordained 
pastor  Dec.  9,  1668,  and  James  Allen  at  the 
same  time  teacher.  But  his  labors  in  this  jilaco 
were  of  short  continuance,  for  he  soon  died  of  an 
apojjlexy.  He  was  a  distinguished  scholar,  an 
admirable  jircacher,  and  a  man  of  exemjilary 
piety  and  virtue.  Yet  his  philosoi)hy  was  so  im- 
perfect, that,  in  his  letter  to  Gov.  Winthrop,  ac- 
knowledging an  almanac,  which  predicts  four 
eclipses  in  these  words,  "  Twice  shall  this  jjlanet, 
whereon  we  live,  and  its  concomitant,  the  moon, 
widow  each  other  of  their  sun-derived  lustre,"  ho 
remarks,  "The  place  whereon  we  live  is  the 
earth,  —  the  place,  I  say,  not  the  ])lanet."  Such 
was  Ids  r'-'putation,  that  ho  was  invited  with  Mr. 
Cotton  and  Mr.  Hooker  to  take  a  seat  among 
the  Westminster  divines.  Kiiowiu!^  the  efiicacy 
of  prayer,  he  recommended  with  earnestness  tjac 


I 


286 


DAVEXPORT. 


DAVENPORT. 


ulatory  addresses  to  Heaven.  Ilis  intrepidity 
saved  Whalley  and  Gofle,  tlie  jiidjjcs  of  Kin;,' 
CharleN,  who  fled  to  New  Haven  in  IWil.  He 
concealed  them  in  his  own  house,  and,  wlien  tlie 
pursuers  were  cominjj  to  New  Haven,  jjrcaclied 
publicly  from  Isaiah  xvi.  3,  1,  believinj;  it  to  lie  a 
duty  to  afford  them  protection.  His  jjortrait  i;i 
in  the  museum  of  Yale  colle{j;e.  He  owned  a 
servant  boy,  worth  10  j)ound,s ;  his  books  were 
npjiraised  at  2.'1.'J  pounds.  His  letters  to  Wnithrop. 
arc  annexed  to  Itacon's  historical  discourses.  He 
published  a  sermon  on  i  Samuel,  I.  18,  1020;  a 
letter  to  the  Dutch  classis,  wherein  is  declared  the 
miseraljle  slavery  and  bondaj^e  that  the  En{;lish 
church  at  Amsterdam  is  now  in  by  reason  of  the 
tyrannical  government  and  corru])t  doctrines  of 
Mr.  John  Pafjet,  1034;  instructions  to  the  elders 
of  the  English  church,  to  bo  projiounded  to  the 
pastors  of  the  Dutch  church  ;  a  report  of  some 
proceedings  about  liis  calling  to  the  English 
church,  against  John  Paget;  allegations  of  Scrip- 
ture against  the  baptizing  of  some  kind  of  in- 
fants ;  protestation  about  the  juiblication  of  his 
writings,  all  in  1034  ;  an  ajwlogetical  reply  to  the 
answer  of  W.  Best,  1G3G ;  a  discourse  about  civil 
government  in  a  new  plantation,  whose  design  is 
religion;  a  profession  of  his  faith  made  at  his 
admission  into  one  of  the  churches  of  New  Eng- 
land, 1042 ;  the  knowledge  of  Christ,  wherein 
the  ty])es,  projihecies,  etc.,  relating  to  him,  are 
opened  ;  the  Messiah  is  already  come,  a  sermon, 
1Gj3  ;  saint's  anchor  holds  in  all  storms  and  tem- 
pests, lOGl  ;  essay  for  investigation  of  the  truth, 
1003;  election  sermon,  IGG!);  God's  call  to  his 
peo])le  to  turn  imto  him,  in  two  fast  sermons, 
1070  ;  the  jjower  of  congregational  churches  as- 
serted and  vindicated,  in  answer  to  a  treatise  of 
Mr.  Paget,  1072.  He  also  wrote  in  Latin  a  let- 
ter to  John  Dury,  which  was  subscribed  by  the 
rest  of  the  ministers  of  New  Haven  colony,  and 
he  gave  his  aid  to  !Mr.  Norton,  in  his  life  of  Cot- 
ton. He  left  behind  him  an  exposition  on  the 
Canticles,  in  a  hundred  sheets  of  small  hand- 
writing, but  it  was  never  j)ublished.  —  Wood's 
Ath.  Oxnii,  ir.  400-402,  OJO  ;  Malhcr'n  Mai/iialia, 
III.  ol— ')7;  TruinbnWs  Connccliintf,  I.  Hi),  490- 
492;  IMchinsun,l.  84,220;  Wiidhrop;  Holmes; 
Stiles'  History  of  three  of  the  Jiuhjes,  32,  09 ; 
Bacon's  Ilistoricul  Discotirses,  300. 

DAVENPORT,  John,  minister  of  Stamford, 
Conn.,  grandson  of  the  preceding,  was  the  son  of 
John  D.,of  New  Haven;  his  mother  was  Abigail, 
daughter  of  Rev.  A.  Picrson.  He  was  graduated 
at  Harvard  college  in  1087,  ordained  in  1094,  and 
died  Feb.  5,  1731,  aged  01.  His  daughter,  Sarah, 
married  first  Mr.  Maltby  of  New  Haven,  and  then 
Rev.  E.  Wheelock ;  another  daughter  was  the 
first  wife  of  Rev.  Wm.  Gaylord.  Courageous  in 
the  reprehension  of  prevalent  vices,  particularly 
drunkenness,  and  pungent  in  his  addresses  to 


the  conscience,  he  was  eminently  faithful  as  a 
minister,  and,  being  devout  and  exemjilary  in  his 
lil'e,  he  was  revered  liy  all  good  men.  The  origi- 
nal languages  in  which  the  Scriptures  are  written 
were  almost  as  familiar  to  him  as  his  mother 
tongue.  "When  he  read  the  Bible  in  his  family, 
he  did  not  make  use  of  the  I'.nglish  translation, 
but  of  the  (Jreek  and  Hebrew  original.  —  Cook's 
Funeral  Hermnn. 

DAVENPORT,  Addington,  judge  of  the  su- 
jjrcme  court  of  Massachusetts,  was  graduated  at 
Harvard  college  in  1089,  and  was  afterwards 
clerk  of  the  courts.  In  1715  he  was  appointed 
a  judge.    He  died  April  2,  173G,  aged  GO. 

DAVENPORT,  Addinoton,  Episcojial  minis- 
ter in  Boston,  died  in  1740,  aged  about  45.  He 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1710;  was  a  minister  at 
Scituate  from  1730  to  1737;  then  at  King's  chapel, 
Boston,  from  1737  to  1740;  and  then  was  the 
first  rector  of  Trinity  church.  His  wife  was  a 
daughter  of  Grove  Hirst,  a  merchant  of  Boston  ; 
her  sister,  Maria,  married  Sir  William  Peppcrell. 

DAVENPORT,  James,  minister  of  Southhold, 
Long  Island,  son  of  Rev.  John  D.,  died  in  1757, 
aged  about  45.  He  was  graduated  at  Yale  college 
in  1732.  He  had  been  esteemed  for  some  years 
a  sound,  jnous,  and  faithful  minister  at  Southhold, 
when,  in  the  religious  excitement  of  1740  and 
1741,  he  was  borne  away  by  a  strange  enthusi- 
asm, lie  preached  in  New  Haven  and  other 
towns,  and  encouraged  the  outcries  and  agita- 
tions by  which  religion  was  disgraced.  His  voice 
ho  raised  to  the  highest  jjitch,  and  gave  it  a  tune, 
which  was  characteristic  of  the  separate  preacliers. 
In  his  zeal  he  examined  ministers  as  to  the 
reality  of  their  religion,  and  warned  the  peoj)lo 
against  unconverted  ministers.  In  1742  the 
assembly  of  Connecticut,  deeming  him  under  the 
influence  of  enthusiastic  impulses,  directed  the 
governor  and  council  to  transjjort  him  out  of  the 
colony  to  the  place  whence  he  came.  Without 
doubt  he  was  enthusiastic ;  but  the  assembly  was 
equally  bewildered,  being  arbitrary  and  tyranni- 
cal. At  last,  through  the  uifluence  of  Mr.  M'hee- 
lock  and  Mr.  Williams,  he  was  convinced  of  his 
error,  and  published  an  ample  confession  and 
retractation  in  1744.  His  brother,  Abraham, 
colonel  and  judge,  of  Stamford,  died  in  1789. 
His  son,  John,  born  at  Freehold,  Aug.  11,  1752, 
was  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1709,  and  after 
studying  with  Drs.  Bellamy  and  Buell  was  min- 
ister of  Bedford,  N.  Y.,  and  Deerfield,  N.  J.  In 
1809,  he  returned  to  the  State  of  New  Y'ork  and 
died  at  Lysander,  July  13,  1821.  —  Trmnbtdl,ll, 
107,  189. 

DAVENPORT,  Jami.s,  judge,  died  at  Stam- 
ford Aug.  3,  1797,  aged  37.  lie  was  the  son  of 
the  preceding,  a  graduate  of  1777;  and  was  a 
judge  of  the  common  jilcas  and  a  member  of 
congress.    His  four  daughters  married  as  follows: 


DAVrXl'OllT. 


DAVIDSON. 


287 


riiznlicth  mnrricMl  Clmrlcs  Aptliorp  of  Rostoii,  | 
niul  tlicir  (Inii^'Iitcr  married  Kov.  Dr.  lltislincll  of 
Hartford;  Ahi^jail  niarriod  Ilov.  Mr.  Whclpli'v  of 
New  York;  Mary  Ann  marrli'd  Ikv.  Mr.  IJrucn 
of  New  York;  and  I''ninci'.s  married  llfv.  Dr.  T. 
H.  Skinner  of  Now  York. 

DAVEXI'OJIT,  AiiUAiiASr,  colonel,  died  sud- 
denly at  Danhury,  where  he  was  aftendin},'  a  court 
a.s  judge  of  the  common  jjleas,  in  Nov.,  17.S!),  a};ed 
about  7.5.  He  was  the  son  of  Itov.  Joint  1).  of 
Stamford:  his  mother  was  a  dauf^hter  of  Jabez 
Iluntinf^ton  of  Windham.  He  was  {;;raduatcd  in 
1732,  and  lived  at  Stamford.  A  patriot  of  the 
llcvolution,  he  was  of  stern  integrity,  and  yet 
generous  beneficence.  In  a  time  of  scarcity  and 
liigh  i)rices  he  sold  the  produce  of  his  farms  to 
the  ])oor  at  the  old  jjrices.  He  was  an  exemjilary 
Christian.  ]leing  a  member  of  the  council  at 
Hartford  on  the  dark  day.  May  1!),  17H(),  when  it 
was  j)ro])osed  to  adjourn,  as  scmic  thouglit  the 
day  of  judgment  was  at  hand,  he  objected,  say- 
ing, "That  day  is  either  at  hand,  or  it  is  not :  if  it  is 
not,  there  is  no  cause  of  adjournment ;  if  it  is,  I 
choose  to  be  found  doing  my  duty.  I  wish,  there- 
fore, candles  may  be  brought." 

DAVEXPOllT,  M.VUY,  died  in  Brooklyn  June 
25,  1847,  aged  92,  an  eminent  Christian.  She 
was  the  widow  of  John  D.,  of  Stamford,  a  mem- 
ber of  congress,  who  died  in  1830,  aged  78.  Her 
father  was  llev.  Noah  Welles  of  Stamford. 

DAVEZAC,  ArGrsTK,  charge  to  Holland,  died 
Feb.  lu,  18jl,  aged  about  74.  Born  in  St.  Do- 
mingo, lie  emigrated  to  North  Carolina,  and  set- 
tled as  a  lawyer  in  New  Orleans.  In  the  war 
of  1812  he  was  aid  to  Gen.  Jackson,  by  whom  he 
was  appointed  secretary  of  legation  to  the  Neth- 
erlands.    He  was  also  a])])ointed  to  Holland. 

DAVIDSON,  William,  brigadier-general,  a 
soldier  of  the  Revolution,  was  born  in  174G,  the 
son  of  George  D.,  who  removed  in  1750  from 
Pennsylvania  to  Rowan  county.  North  Carolina. 
He  was  a  major  in  one  of  the  first  regiments  of 
North  Carolina,  and  served  in  New  Jersey.  In 
Nov.,  1779,  he  was  detached  to  reinforce  Lin- 
cohi  at  the  South.  On  his  march  Ik;  visited  his 
family,  from  which  he  had  been  absent  nearly 
three  years  ;  such  were  the  sacrifices  of  the  heroes 
who  fought  for  American  liberty.  In  an  action 
with  a  party  of  the  loyalists  near  Calson's  mill,  at 
the  West,  a  ball  passed  through  his  body  near  the 
kidneys;  but  from  this  wound  he  recovered  in 
two  months,  and  instantly  rejoined  the  army, 
being  appointed  brigadier  in  the  i)Iace  of  Ruther- 
ford, taken  prisoner  at  Camden.  Jan.  31,  1781, 
he  was  ordered  by  Greene  to  guard  the  ford  of 
the  Catawba,  which  Cornwallis  might  attempt  to 
pass.  In  the  action  with  the  sujierior  force  of 
the  enemy,  Feb.  1,  Gen.  Davidson  was  shot 
through  the  breast  and  instantly  fell  dead.  The 
British  lieut.-colonel  Hall  was  also  killed;  and 


Coniwallis  had  a  horse  shot  under  him.  Con- 
gress ordered  a  monument  to  his  memory,  not 
exceeding  .JOO  dollars  in  value.  He  was  a  man 
of  i)lc:ising  address,  active  and  indefatigable,  and 
devoted  to  the  cause  of  his  country.  —  Lce'a 
Mfiiiiiir.v,  I.  27.';  'Ml. 

D.VVIDSON,  Jaxiks,  professor  of  languages  in 
the  uni\ersity  of  Pennsylvania,  died  Jime  28, 
1809,  aged  77.  Ho  j)ublished  an  introduction  to 
the  J.atin,  1798. 

D.VVIDSON,   LrciiKTiA    Maria,  a   youthful 
])oetess,   died   Aug.    27,   182j,   aged  nearly  17. 
Slie  was  born  at  Plattsburg,  on  hikc'Champhiin, 
Sept.  27,  1808,  lieing  the  second  daughter  of  Dr. 
Oliver  Davidson   and   Margaret    his  wife.     Her 
jiarents  being  in  straitened  circumstances,  much 
of  her  time  was  devoted  to  the  cares  of  home; 
yet  she  read  much,  and  wrote  ] oetry  at  a  \ery 
early  age.     When  her  jiroduftions  were  discov- 
ered by  her  mother  in  a  dark  closet,  she  in  her 
sensitiveness  and  modesty  burned  them.     After- 
wards she  wrote  an  epita])!i  u])on  a  robin  hi  her 
9lh  year,  which  is  the  earliest  remaining  specimen 
of  her  verse.     Before  she  was   12  years  old,  she 
had  read  much   history,  the  dramatic  works  of 
Shakspeare,  Kotzebue,  and  Goldsmith,  together 
with  popidar  novels  and  romances.     She  was  fre- 
quently seen  watching  the  storm,  the  clouds,  the 
rainbow,  the  setting  siui,  for  hours.     At  the  ago 
of  12,  a  gentleman,  who  was  jileased  with  her 
verses,  sent  her  a  bank-bill  for  20  dollars.     She 
wished  to  buy  books;  but,  her  mother  being  at 
this  time  sick,  she  instantly  carried  the  money  to 
her  father,  saying,  "  TiJic  it,  fatlier;   it  will  buy 
many  comforts  for  mother;  I  can  do  without  the 
books."    Knowing  that  some  ijeojilc  had  coun- 
selled htr  ])arents  to  dejjrive  her  of  ])cn,  ink,  and 
])aj)cr,  and  confine  her  to  domestic  toils,  she  re- 
linquished licr  books  and  her  ])en  entirely  for  sev- 
ered months,  though  with  tears ;  till  her  mother  ■ 
advised  her  to  alternate  her  studies  and  the  busi- 
ness of  the  world.     She  com])Osed  with   great 
rapidity ;  yet  her  thoughts  so  outstriiJiied  her  jten, 
that  she  often  wished  that  she  had  two  pair  of 
hands,  that  she  might  emjiloy  them  in  writing. 
She  was  often,  when  walking,  in  danger  from  car- 
riages, in  consequence  of  her  absence  of  mmd. 
Ofk'n  did  she  forget  her  meals      She  had  a  burn- 
hig  thirst  for  knowledge.     In  Oct.,  1824,  a  gen- 
tleman, on  a  visit  to  I'lattsburg,  saw  some  of  her 
verses,  and  was  made  acquainted  with  her  char- 
acter and  circumstances.     He  determined  to  give 
her  the  best  education.    On  knowing  his  [jurpose, 
her  joy  was  almost  greater  than  she  coidd  bear. 
She  was  j)Iaced  in  Mrs.  Willard's  school  at  Ti'oy; 
but  her  incessant  ajiplication  was  perilous  to  her 
health.     After  returning  home  and  recovering 
from  illness,  she  was  sent  to  Miss  Gilbert's  school 
at  Albany.     But  soon  she  was  again  very  ill.    On 
her  return,  the  hectic  flush  of  her  cheek  indicated 


II 


288 


DAVIE, 


DAVIES. 


her  npproaelilnp  fafo.  She  nwaitcd  the  event 
witli  a  reliance'  on  the  divine  promiseN,  hoping  for 
snlviition  throuj^h  tlio  J^onl  Jchus  Clirist.  The 
last  naino  njic  iironoiinccd  was  that  of  her  ])a- 
tron.  Ill  her  Ijth  year  she  wrote  the  following 
verses. 

"TO  A   STAU. 
"  IFnw  cnlnity,  l.rljrlitly.  iln  t  llioH  slilno, 
Liki'  Hie  iMin-  l.'inip  in  Virtni-'.-*  ^Iiriiir? 
Sun',  till'  f.iir  ninl'l.  wliiili  tlimi  nuiyVt  boiwt, 
W'li!*  never  niij^'nin'il,  never  Unt. 
TliiTe,  tu^.i'^t  piiri'iis  llenven'H  "wn  iilr, 
Their  li'i|"'<,  their  jn,\ »  t"«el  hiT  j-liiire ; 
AVIiilo  linverinir  iinp'l.i  tniieli  tile  I'trlnjT, 
Ami  MTipliH  .-im'.Ml  l!ie  ■<lii'lterinK  wiiig. 
There,  elcmillesn  iImvh  iiml  hrilliaiit  rii^bti, 
Illlllneil  lij   Heuven's  reflllcellt  llirhts, 
Theri'.  seawnn!*,  _veiir»  uniifitieeil  rnll, 
Ami  iinn'frn'tti'il  hy  tlie  soul. 
Thou  little,  s|inrkllii);  Star  nf  Even  — 
Thnii  pMii  upon  an  ii/iire  ireiiveu! 
How  swiftly  will  I  sour  to  thee. 
When  this  iinprisoneil  soul  is  fn'o!  " 

Her  person  was  siiif^nhirly  beantifnl.  Slio  had 
"  a  high,  o))Pn  forehead,  a  soft  hlack  eye,  perfect 
symmetry  of  features,  a  fair  coni])lexion,  and  lux- 
uriant dark  hair.  The  j)revaiUng  expression  of 
her  face  was  melancholy." 

Iler  poetical  writings,  besides  many  which  were 
burnt,  amount  to  two  hundred  and  seventy-eight 
j)ieces,  among  which  were  five  jjocms  of  several 
cantos  each.  She  also  »vroto  some  romances,  and 
a  tragedy.  A  biographical  sketch,  with  a  collec- 
tion of  her  poems,  was  ])iiblislied  by  Mr.  Samuel 
F.  H.  Morse,  in  1S29,  with  the  title  of  "Amir 
Khan,  and  other  I'ocms:  the  remains  of  L.  M. 
Davidson."  Of  this  work  a  very  interesting  re- 
view, which  may  be  imagined,  by  those  conver- 
sant with  bis  writings,  to  have  come  from  the  jien 
of  Robert  Southcy,  is  contained  in  the  London 
quarterly  review  for  18;2i).  The  writer  says,  "In 
our  own  language,  except  in  the  cases  of  Chatter- 
ton  and  Kirke  White,  wo  can  call  to  mind  no 
instance  of  so  early,  so  ardent,  and  so  fatal  a 
pursuit  of  intellectual  advancement."  By  the 
early  death  of  a  person  of  such  growing  jjower 
and  unetpialled  promise  we  may  well  be  taught  the 
vanity  of  earthly  hoj)es,  and  be  led  to  estimate 
more  highly  and  to  seek  more  earnestly  a  lasting 
dwclling-i)lacc  in  the  world  of  uneh)uded  light, 
and  jierfect  holiness,  and  purest  joy.  Ilcr  life  by 
Miss  Sedgwick  has  been  published. 

D.VVIi;,  Mauy,  died  at  Newton,  Mass.,  in 
17  ">2,  aged  llG  years.  Ilcr  portrait,  drawn  by 
Smihert,  is  in  the  museum  of  the  historical  so- 
ciety.—  lliilmes. 

DAVIE,  William  IlicnARi).sox,  brigadier-gen- 
eral, governor  of  North  Carolina,  died  Nov.  8, 
1820,  aged  61.  He  was  born  at  the  village  of 
Egremont,  near  White  Haven,  England,  came  to 
this  country  in  17G3,  and  was  graduated  at 
Princeton  college  in  1776.  He  soon  afterwards 
entered  the  army  as  an  officer  iu  the  cavalry  of 


Count  Pulofikl's  legion.  By  his  talcnt«  and  zeal 
he  soon  rose  to  the  rank  of  colonel,  lie  fought 
at  Stono,  where  he  was  severely  wounded;  at 
Hanging  llock  and  Itocky  Mount.  Having  great 
strength  and  activity,  it  was  his  delight  to  lead  a 
charge  and  to  engage  in  j)crsonal  conflict.  At 
the  jieriod  of  Gates'  defeat  he  exjiended  the  last 
shilhng  of  an  estate,  bequeathed  him  by  his 
uncle,  llcv.  Wm.  Itichardson,  in  etpiijjpiiig  the 
legionary  cor])8,  which  he  commanded.  Greene 
ai)])ointed  him  a  commissary.  During  the  whole 
struggle  he  dis])layed  great  zeal  and  energy. 
After  the  war  he  devoted  himself  to  the  profes- 
sion of  the  law  at  Halifax,  on  the  I'oanoke,  and 
rose  to  eminence.  He  was  a  memlicr  of  the 
convention  which  framed  the  constitution  of  the 
United  States,  though  his  absence  ])revenled  his 
name  from  being  aflixed  to  it ;  and  in  the  con- 
vention of  North  Carolina  he  was  an  able  adv:j- 
cate  for  its  acce])tance.  Through  his  efforts  the 
university  of  North  Carolina  was  established.  In 
17!>9  he  was  elected  governor;  but  he  was  soon 
ap])oiiited  by  I'resiilent  Adams  envoy  to  France, 
with  Ellsworth  antl  Murray.  His  residence  after 
his  return  was  at  Tivoli,  a  beautiful  estate  on  the 
Catawba  river,  in  South  Carolina.  He  died  at 
Camden.  His  wife,  Sarah,  was  the  daughter  of 
Gen.  Allen  Jones.  Of  a  commanding  figure,  ho 
was  dignified  in  his  manners,  and  distinguished 
for  his  patriotic  spirit  and  soldierly  qualities,  for 
manly  eloquence,  and  for  the  virtues  of  private 
life.  —  Lee,  I.  381. 

DAVIES,  Saxiukl,  president  of  Princeton  col- 
lege in  New  Jersey,  died  Feb.  4,  1761,  aged  36. 
He  was  of  AVelsh  descent,  and  born  Nov.  3, 1724, 
His  father  was  a  jilanter  in  the  county  of  New- 
castle on  the  Delaware,  of  great  sim])licity  of  man- 
ners and  rejuited  piety.  He  was  an  only  son  ;  a 
daughter  was  born  five  years  before.  His  mother, 
an  eminent  Christian,  had  earnestly  besought  him 
of  1  leaven,  and,  believing  him  to  be  given  in  answer 
to  prayer,  she  named  him  Samuel.  This  excellent 
woman  took  ui)on  herself  the  task  of  teaching 
her  son  to  read,  as  there  was  no  school  in  the 
neighborhood ;  and  her  eflbrts  were  rewarded  by 
the  uncommon  jiroficiency  of  her  pupil.  At  the 
age  of  ten  he  was  sent  to  a  school  at  some  dis- 
tance from  home,  and  continued  in  it  two  years. 
His  mind  was  at  this  ])eriod  very  little  im])ressed 
by  religious  truth,  though  he  was  not  iiiatteiilive 
to  secret  jirayer,  esijccially  in  the  evening ;  but  it 
was  not  long  before  that  Clod,  to  whom  he  had 
been  dedicated,  and  who  designed  him  for  emi- 
nent service  in  the  gosjjcl  of  his  Son,  was  pleased 
to  enlighten  and  renew  him.  Perceiving  himself 
to  be  a  sinner,  exposed  to  the  awful  disjjleasurc 
of  God,  he  was  filled  with  anxiety  and  terror.  In 
this  distress  he  was  enabled  to  discern  the  value 
of  the  salvation  revealed  in  the  gos])cl.  This 
divine  system  of  mercy  now  appeared  in  a  new 


DAVIES. 

li;^ht.  It  sr«tlsflc,l  his  nnxioiis  iiiqiilne?,  and  made  I 
j)ri)visi():i  for  all  his  waiitM.  In  the  hlood  and  j 
ri;^hto<)iisncns  of  tliL-  llodcptnor  ho  (bund  an  un- 
failiiii;  sourco  of  consolnlion.  His  t'omforls, how- 
ever, were  Ion;;  inlerniin;,'le(l  with  douhts  ;  hut, 
after  repeated  and  iinparlial  Nell-exan;ination,  he 
attained  a  conlidenee  res|i(>cMin^  his  state,  whith 
ciHitinued  to  the  close  of  life.  Troni  this  period 
his  mind  seemed  almost  entirely  ahsorhed  hy 
heavenly  things,  and  it  was  his  {jreat  nmcern  th:»t 
every  thoufjlit,  word,  and  action  should  corresjwnd 
with  the  divine  law.  llavinjf  tasted  the  joys  and 
made  a  profession  of  reli;,'ion  at  the  aj^e  of  fifteen, 
he  hecume  eaf^erly  desirous  of  iin])artin};  to  his 
fellow  sinners  the  knowled}i;c  of  the  truth.  With 
this  ohject  hcfore  liim,  he  engaged  with  now  ardor 
in  literary  and  theological  juirsuits,  under  Samuel 
Blair.  Every  obstacle  was  surmounted  i  and, 
after  the  ])revious  trials,  which  he  ]iassed  with 
distinguished  a])])ro1)ation,  lie  Mas  licensed  to 
preach  the  gos])el  at  the  age  of  twenty-two.  He 
was  also  ordained  Feh.  li),  1747,  that  he  might 
be  qualified  to  ])erform  ])astoral  duties. 

He  now  ajiplied  himself  to  unfold  and  enforce 
those  jjrecious  truths,  whose  j)owcr  ho  had  exi)c- 
ricnced  on  his  own  heart.  His  fervent  zeal  and 
undisscmbled  jiiety,  his  popular  talents  and  en- 
gaging methods  of  address,  soon  excited  general 
.ndmiration.  At  this  time  an  uncommon  regard 
to  religion  existed  in  Hanover  county,  Virginia, 
jjroduced  by  the  benevolent  exertions  of  Mr. 
Morris,  a  layman.  Tiio  event  was  so  rcmakable, 
and  the  Virginians  in  general  wore  so  ignorant  of 
the  true  doctrines  of  the  gosj)el,  that  the  presby- 
tery of  Newcastle  thought  it  incumbent  upon 
them  to  send  thither  a  faithful  preacher.  Mr. 
Davies  was  accordingly  chosen.  Ho  went  to 
Hanover  hi  April,  1747,  and  soon  obtained  of  the 
general  court  a  license  to  ofliciate  in  four  meeting- 
houses. After  lu'eachiiig  assiduously  for  some 
time,  and  not  without  ctfect,  he  returned  I'rom 
Virginia,  though  earnestly  invited  to  continue  his 
labors.  A  call  for  him  to  settle  at  Hanover  was 
immediately  sent  to  the  jn-esbytcry  ;  but  ho  was 
about  this  time  seized  by  comjilaints  which  ap- 
jieared  consumptive,  and  which  brouglit  him  to 
the  borders  of  the  grave.  In  this  enfeebled  state 
he  determined  to  B])end  the  remainder  of  his  life 
in  unremitting  endeavors  to  advance  the  interests 
of  religion.  Heing  among  a  jieople  who  were 
destitute  of  a  minister,  his  indisposition  did  not 
repress  his  exertions.  He  stili  preached  in  the 
day,  while  by  night  his  hectic  was  so  severe  as 
sometimes  to  render  him  delirious.  In  the  spring 
of  1748  a  messenger  from  Honover  visited  him, 
and  ho  thought  it  his  duty  to  accept  the  in^^ta- 
tioii  of  the  peoiilo  in  that  place.  Ho  hojied  that 
ho  might  live  to  organize  the  congregation.  His 
health,  however,  gradually  improved.  In  Oct., 
1748,  three  more  meeting-houses  were  licensed, 
37 


DAVinS. 


28» 


and  among  his  seven   assemblies,  which  were  in 
different   counties,   Hanover,  Henrico,  Caroline, 
Louisa,  and  Goochland,  some  of  them  forty  miles 
distant   from   each  other,  he  divided  his  labors. 
His  licmie  was  in    Hanover,  about  twelve  miles 
from  Itichmond.     His  ]ireaching  encountered  all 
the  obstacles  which  could  arise  from  ))lindne8N, 
jirejudice,  and  liigotry,  from  profaneness  and  im- 
morality.    He,  and  those  who  attended  upon  liia 
lireaching,  were  denominated  new  lightH  liy  the 
more  zealous  Ej)isco])alians.     Hut  by  his  patience 
and  perseverance,  his  magnanimity  and  jiicty,  in 
conjunction   with   his   evangelical   ond   powerful 
ministry,  he   triumphed   over   ojiposition.     Con- 
tempt and  aversion  were  gradually  turned  into 
reverence.     Many  were  attracted  by  curiosity  to 
hear  a  man  of  such  distinguished  talents,  and  he 
])roclaimcd  to  them  the  most  solemn  and  imjjrcs- 
sivc  truths  with  an  energy  which  they  could  not 
resist.     It  pleased  God  to  accompany  these  exer- 
tions  with  the   eflicacy  of  his  Sjiirit.     In  about 
three   years   "Sir.  Davies  beheld   three   hundred 
communicants  in  his  congregation,  whom  he  con- 
sidered as  real  Christians.     Ho  had  also  in  this 
period  baptized  obout  forty  adult  negroes,  who 
made  sucli   a  jirofession  of  saving  faith  as  he 
judged  credible,      lie   had   a   long   controversy 
with   the  l-lpiscojjalians,  who  denied,  while  he 
maintained,  that  the  "  act  of  toleration"  extended 
to  Virginia.    On  this  point  lie  contended  with  the 
attorney-general,  Peyton  Itandolph,  and  once  ad- 
dressed the  court  with  great  learning  and  elo- 
quence.   When  he  afterwards  went  to  England, 
he   obtained  from   Sir  Dudley  Itider,  attorney- 
general,  a  declaration,  that  the  act  did  extend  to 
Virginia.    In   1753  the  synod  of  New  York,  by 
request  of  the  trustees  of  New  Jersey  college, 
chose  him  to  accompany  Gilbert  Tcnnent  to  Great 
Hritain   to  solicit  benefactions   for   the   college. 
This  service  he  cheerfully  undertook,  and  ho  ex- 
ecuted it  with  singular  sjiirit  and  success.     He 
arrived  in  London  Dec.  25.     He  jireachcd  before 
the  king  by  his  command.     As  his  majesty  spoke 
aloud  to  some  around  him,  remarking  on   the 
sermon.  Dr.  I),  looked  at  him  and  rei)eatod  Amos 
III.,  8,  wliich  silenced  him ;  he  afterward  said  of 
him,  "An  honest  man,  an  honest  man!"    The 
liberal  benefactions,  olitained  from  the  patrons  of 
religion  and  learning,  placed  the  college  in  a  re- 
s])ectable  condition.    After  his  return  to  America 
be  entered  anew,  in  1754  or  early  in  1755,  on  liis 
beloved  task  of  jireachiiig  the  gospel  in  Hanover. 
Here  ho  continued  till  1759,  when  he  was  chosen 
president  of  the  college,  as  successor  of  Mr.  Ed- 
wards.   He  hesitated  in  his  accejitance  of  the 
a))pointment,  for  his  people  were   endeared  to 
him,  and  he  loved  to  be  occupied  in  the  various 
duties  of  the  ministerial  office.    But  repeated  ap- 
plications and  the  unanimous  opinion  of  the  sjTiod 
of  New  York  and  Philadelphia  at  length  deter- 


290 


DAVIES. 


DAVIES. 


mined  him.  TIo  was  dismissed  May  !•'),  nnd 
entered  u\)nn  his  new  odice  July  (i,  17.j!(.  Here 
the  vigor  nnd  vcrsntiiity  of  his  (genius  were  strik- 
ingly displayed.  The  am|)le  opportiiiiitie-i  and 
demands  which  he  found  for  thf  cxcirise  of  his 
talents  gawe  a  new  spring  to  his  diligcnie  ;  nnd, 
while  his  active  lal)ors  were  mulli])li('d  and  ;ir- 
duous,  his  studies  were  intense.  He  left  the 
college  at  his  death  in  as  high  a  state  of  literary 
excellence  as  it  had  ever  known  since  its  institu- 
tion. In  the  short  sjjace  of  eighteen  months  he 
made  some  considcrahle  improvements  in  the 
Beminary,  and  was  ])articularly  hajjjjy  in  ins]jiring 
his  )>upils  with  a  taste  for  writing  and  oratory,  in 
which  he  himself  so  much  excelled. 

IHh  habit  of  body  being  plethoric,  the  exercise 
of  riding,  to  which  he  was  much  habituated  in 
Virginia,  was  probably  the  means  of  preserving  his 
health.  At  rrinccton  his  life  was  sedentary,  and 
his  application  to  study  incessant  from  morning 
till  midnight.  At  the  close  of  Jan.,  I'Ol,  he  was 
bled  for  a  bad  cold,  and  the  next  day  transcribed 
for  the  j)ress  his  sermon  on  the  death  of  Cieorge 
II.  The  day  followhig  he  jjreaehod  twice  in  the 
chapel.  His  arm  became  inflamed,  and  n.  violent 
fever  succeeded,  to  whicli  he  fell  a  victim  in  ten 
days.  His  new  year's  sermon,  in  the  j)receding 
month,  was  from  the  text,  "  This  year  thou  shalt 
die,"  as  was  also  President's  Hurr's  on  the  first 
day  of  the  year  in  which  he  died.  L)r.  "Wither- 
epoon  avoided  preaching  on  that  occasion  from 
that  text.  President  Da  vies  was  succeeded  by 
Dr.  Finley.  His  venerable  mother,  Martha 
Davies,  survived  him.  When  he  was  laid  in  the 
coftin,  she  gazed  at  him  a  few  minutes,  and  said, 
"  There  is  the  son  of  my  prayers  and  my  hopes  — 
my  only  son — my  only  earthly  support.  But 
there  is  the  will  of  God,  and  I  am  satisfied."  She 
afterwards  lived  in  the  family  of  her  son'.s  friend, 
Rev.  Dr.  llodgers  of  New  York,  till  her  death. 
Ills  widow,  Jean  Davies,  returned  to  her  friends 
in  Virginia.  His  son,  Col.  William  Davies,  now 
deceased,  studied  law  and  settled  at  Norfolk ;  was 
on  officer  of  merit  in  the  Itevolution ;  and  en- 
joyed in  a  high  degree  the  esteem  of  Washington. 
His  son,  John  Ilodgers  Davies,  also  studied  law, 
and  settled  in  Sussex,  Va.  Samuel  Davies,  the 
third  son,  died  at  Petcrsburgh.  An  only  daugh- 
ter, unmarried,  was  hving  in  1822. 

The  Father  of  Spirits  had  endued  Mr.  Davies 
with  the  richest  intellectual  gifts ;  with  a  vigorous 
understanding,  a  glowing  imagination,  a  fertile 
invention,  united  with  a  correct  judgment,  and  a 
retentive  memory.  He  was  bold  and  enterpris- 
ing, and  destined  to  excel  in  whatever  he  under- 
took. Yet  was  he  divested  of  the  pride  of  talents 
and  of  science,  and,  being  moulded  into  the  tem- 
per of  the  gosj)c],  he  consecrated  all  liis  j)owers 
to  the  promotion  of  religion.  "  O,  my  dear 
brother,"  says  he  in  a  letter  to  his  friend,  Dr. 


Gibbons,  "  cotdd  we  sjiend  our  lives  in  ])ninful, 
disinterested,  iiideraligable  M'rvice  for  Ciod  and 
tlie  worl<l,  how  serene  and  l)right  would  it  render 
the  swill  apjiroaching  eve  of  lil'e!  I  am  laboring 
to  do  a  little  to  save  my  country,  nnd,  which  is  of 
nnich  more  conse(pience,  to  save  soids  from  death ; 
from  that  tremendous  kind  of  death  which  a  soid 
can  die.  I  have  but  liltle  success,  of  late ;  but, 
l)lesscd  be  God,  it  surjiasses  my  ex|)eclation,  and 
much  more  my  desert."  His  religion  was  piu'ely 
evangelical.  It  brought  him  to  the  foot  of  the 
cross  to  receive  salvation  as  a  free  gift.  It  ren- 
dered him  humble  nnd  dissatisfied  with  himself 
amidst  his  highest  attainments.  A\'hile  he  con- 
tended earnestly  for  the  great  nnd  distinguishing 
doctrines  of  the  gospel,  he  did  not  attach  any  un- 
due importance  to  jjoints  re.cj)ecting  which  Chris- 
tians may  differ.  It  was  the  ])ower  of  religion, 
and  not  any  particular  form,  that  he  was  desirous 
of  ])romoting,  and  real  worth  ever  engaged  his  es- 
teem and  affection.  Having  sought  the  truth 
with  diligence,  he  avowi'd  his  sentiments  with  thi? 
greatest  simj)licity  and  courage.  Though  decided 
in  his  conduct,  he  was  yet  remarkable  for  the 
gentleness  and  suavity  of  his  disjjosition.  A 
friend,  who  was  very  intimate  with  him  for  a 
number  of  years,  never  observed  him  once  angry 
during  that  period.  His  ardent  benevolence  ren- 
dered him  the  delight  of  his  friends  and  the  ad- 
miration of  all  who  knew  him.  In  his  gencroiis 
eagerness  to  supply  the  wants  of  the  j)oor  he  often 
exceeded  his  ability.  As  a  jjarent  he  felt  all  the 
solicitude  which  nature  and  grace  could  insj}ire. 
"  There  is  nothing,"  he  writes,  "  that  can  wound 
a  parent's  heart  so  deejily,  as  the  thought,  that  he 
should  bring  up  children  to  dishonor  his  God 
here,  anil  be  miserable  hereafter.  I  beg  your 
prayers  for  mine,  and  you  may  exjicct  a  return  in 
the  same  kind.  We  have  now  three  sons  and 
two  daughters.  My  dear  little  creatures  sob  and 
droj)  a  tear  now  and  then,  under  my  instructions  ; 
but  I  am  not  so  hnj)i)y  as  to  see  them  mider  deep 
and  lasting  imjjressions  of  religion ;  and  tliis  is 
the  greatest  grief  they  afford  nie."  As  president 
of  the  college  ho  j  osscsscd  an  admiral, le  mode  of 
government  and  instruction.  He  watched  over 
his  pupils  with  the  tender  solicitude  of  a  father, 
and  secured  equally  their  reverence  and  love.  He 
seized  every  opportunity  to  inculcate  on  them 
the  worth  of  their  souls,  and  the  jjressing  neces- 
sity of  securing  immediately  the  blessings  of 
salvation. 

Dr.  Davies  was  a  model  of  the  most  striking 
oratory.  It  is  jirobable,  that  the  eloquent  Kj)irit 
of  Patrick  Henry,  who  lived  in  his  neighborhood 
from  his  eleventh  to  liis  twenty-second  year,  was 
kindled  by  listening  to  his  impassioned  addresses  j 
such  as  his  patriotic  sermons  of  July  '20,  1750, 
after  the  defeat  of  Uraddock  ;  and  of  August,  on 
religion  and  patriotism  the  constituents  of  a  good 


DAVIES. 


DAVIS. 


201 


soldier;  in  Mo  to  wliicli,  lio  snys :  "I  mny 
j)nint  out  U'  'i.';  jjulilic  that  heroic  youth,  t'ol. 
AVa.>>hiii;,'toii,  wlioMi  I  cannot  Init  hope  I'rovi- 
dc'iK'c  lias  hitherto  jireservcil,  in  so  wfjnal  a  man- 
nfr,7<(r  noine  impnitinit  .trri'icc  to  /lis  coutilri/." 
A  nimilar  Kormon  was  preached  to  the  militia 
May  H,  1  ".>!),  a  few  days  hcforc  he  left  his  jieo- 
j)le,  in  order  to  raise  a  company  for  C'apt.  Mere- 
dith. It  was  raised  on  the  simt.  M'hen  he  went 
to  the  tavern  to  order  his  horse,  the  whole  rej;i- 
ment  followed,  and  from  the  jjorch  he  a);ain  ad- 
dressed them,  till  he  was  exhausted.  As  his  jjer- 
gonal  a])j)earance  was  august  and  venerahle,  yet 
benevolent  and  mild,  he  could  address  his  auditory 
either  with  the  most  commanding  authority,  or 
with  the  most  melting  tenderness.  AVhen  he 
spoke,  he  seemed  to  have  the  glories  and  terrors 
of  the  unseen  world  in  his  eye.  lie  seldom 
preached  without  j)roducing  some  visible  emotions 
in  great  numbers  jjresent,  and  without  making  an 
im])rossion  on  one  or  more,  wliich  was  never 
effaced.  Ilis  favorite  themes  were  the  utter  de- 
pravity and  impotence  of  man ;  the  sovereignty 
and  free  grace  of  Jehovah ;  the  divinity  of  Christ ; 
the  atonement  in  his  blood;  justification  through 
his  righteousness ;  and  regeneration  and  sanctifi- 
catinn  by  the  Holy  Spirit.  lie  viewed  these 
doctrines  as  constituting  the  essence  of  the  Chris- 
tian scheme,  and  he  considered  those,  who  at- 
temjjted  to  subvert  and  explain  them  away,  as 
equally  hostile  to  the  ti  uth  of  God  and  the  best 
interests  of  men.  Ilis  printed  sermons,  wliich 
exhibit  his  sentiments,  abound  with  striking 
thoughts,  with  the  beauties  and  elegancies  of 
expression,  and  with  the  richest  imagery.  His 
highly  ornamented  style  is  the  more  jjardonable, 
as  he  was  by  nature  a  poet,  and  forms  of  express- 
ion were  familiar  to  him,  which  to  others  may 
seem  unnatural  and  afl'ccted. 

Ho  published  a  sermon  on  man's  primitive 
state,  17  IS ;  the  state  of  religion  among  the  pro- 
testant  dissenters  of  Virginia,  in  a  letter  to  Joseph 
Bellamy,  ITtjl;  religion  and  ])atriotism  the  con- 
stituents of  a  good  soldier,  a  sermon  before  a  com- 
pany of  volunteers,  1705;  Virginia's  danger  and 
remedy,  two  discourses  occasioned  by  the  severe 
drought,  and  the  defeat  of  Gen.  Braddock,  17oG; 
curse  of  cowardice,  a  sermon  before  the  militia  of 
Virginia,  1707  ;  letters  from  1751  to  1757,  show- 
ing the  state  of  religion  in  Virginia,  particularly 
among  the  negroes ;  the  vessels  of  mercy  and  the 
vessels  of  wrath  ;  little  children  invited  to  Jesus 
Christ,  1758 ;  sixth  edit,  has  an  account  of  a  re- 
vival at  Princeton  college ;  valedictory  address  to 
the  senior  class,  17G0 ;  a  sermon  on  the  death  of 
George  II.,  17G1 ;  sermons  on  the  most  useful  and 
important  subjects,  3  vols.  8vo.,  1765  ;  which  have 
passed  through  a  number  of  editions ;  the  third 
in  5  vols.  1772-4;  and  sermons,  2  vols.  8vo. — 
Prefave  to  his  Sermons ;  Fiiilci/'s  and  Gibbon's 


Funeral  Ftermou  ;  (lilihon'x  Klc</,  Ponn  ;  Paiio- 
lillsl,  11.  155-l(i(t,  li l!»-'.'5(!.  ;i()l.'-:)()7  ,-  MiiliUe- 
liiii'.i  Jliiiij,  Uniinj.,  IV.  .')  ll-IJ.'ill ;  .t.sstiilhli/'a 
J/Z.v.v.  Mfi]/.,  I.  a7I,  l'J5,  5;i(J,  578;  ii.  3»l-;{50j 
State  iif  lieliij.  in  \'iri/liiiu  ;  Jlostwirl,')!  Acn. 
I'rrjixcil  to  Parian'  Srniinn  on  (icori/fi  11.  ; 
(jnrn'n  Di.iroiirne.i,  D.'l.'J-.'t.iO ;  Itiit'n  Memoirs 
(if  l)arie>i;  (Jiiar.  Pvijislir,  May,  18;J7. 

D.Wll'.S.S,  JosKi'ii  HA.Mn.T()N,  colonel,  attor- 
ney of  the  United  States  for  Kentucky,  volun- 
teered in  the  exjiedltion  against  the  savages  in 
1811,  and  fell  Nov.  7th,  us  did  also  Col.  Owen,  in 
the  battle  of  Ti|)])eeanoe,  in  which  Gen.  Harrison 
defeated  the  Indians.  When  they  suddenly  at- 
tacked the  .\merican  encam])ment  at  four  o'clock 
in  the  morning.  Col.  Daviess  asked  permission  to 
charge  the  enemy,  and,  making  the  charge  with 
only  sixteen  dragoons,  he  was  killed.  Though  it 
was  yet  dark,  his  white  blanket  coat  enabled  tho 
savages  to  distingiii-h  him.  He  was  a  man  of 
talents,  honored  in  his  profession,  and  beloved  in 
social  life.  I  lis  wife  was  Nancy,  the  sister  of  chief 
justice  Marshall.  He  ])ul)lished  in  1807  a  view 
of  the  president's  conduct  concerning  the  conspi- 
racy of  imV).—  Sr/wulcraft's  Trav.,  1821,  p.  135. 

DAVIS,  Syi.v.V-Ms,  cajitain,  an  early  settler  of 
Falmouth,  or  Portland,  Me.,  died  in  Boston  in 
170.'}.  He  jiurchased  land  of  the  Indians  at 
Damariscotta,  June,  1050,  also  other  tracts.  For 
sonic  lime  he  resided  at  Sheepscott.  In  Aug., 
107(),  when  the  Indians  cajjtured  the  fort  on 
Arousic  island,  he  fled  and  cros:  ed  to  the  west 
side  of  the  Kennebec  in  a  boat  with  Capt.  Lake. 
Lake  was  shot  and  killed  as  he  landed,  while  Davis 
escaped  with  a  severe  wound.  Early  in  1077  he 
accompanied  the  expedition  under  Maj.  \Val- 
dron,  and  was  left  by  him  with  forty  men  hi  com- 
mand of  a  fort  on  Arousic  island ;  but  tlie  garri- 
son was  soon  recalled.  He  became  an  inhabitant 
of  Falmouth,  where  he  owned  land  in  1080.  In 
1080  the  ferry  was  granted  to  him  at  Nonsuch 
point,  near  Vaughan's  bridge.  Early  in  1090,  ho 
took  the  command  of  fort  Loyal  in  Falmouth,  in 
wliich  he  was  besieged.  May  10th,  by  four  or  five 
hundred  French  and  Indians.  He  fought  the 
enemy  five  days,  and  then  was  obliged  to  sunen- 
der.  May  20,  after  requiring  Portneuf,  the  French 
leader,  to  lift  up  his  hand  mid  swear  by  the  great 
God  to  protect  all  in  the  fort  and  allow  them  to 
march  to  the  next  English  town ;  but  the  treach- 
erous commander  forgot  his  oath,  and  conducted 
the  jirisoncrs  to  Canada,  being  twenty-four  days 
on  the  road.  After  rcmauiing  four  months  hi  Que- 
bec he  was  exchanged.  He  was  named  a  coun- 
cillor in  1091 ,  in  the  charter  of  William  and  Mary ; 
and  Gov.  Phipps  apjiointed  him  to  the  same  office 
in  1G92.  —  Maine  IHkI.  Coll.  I.  108,  203,  209. 

DAVIS,  II.,  pubUshed  hymns  on  various  sub- 
jects, Boston,  Glh  edit.,  1741. 

DAVIS,  JouN  A.  G.,  professor  of  law  m  the 


292 


DAVIS. 


DAWES. 


univpfNity  of  Vn.,  viw  nhot  l)y  a  Ntudcnt  ond  died 
Nov.  1 »,  IHK),  ii;,'imI  ;J!).  I[(«  had  been  ti-n  vc-nrH 
in  ollicc ;  mid  wiis  iiriiialilc,  iiidiistriouH,  of  lii<,'li 
iiiti'jlijfcnri',  n  mcinlicr  of  I  hi'  l''|>ii>co|iiil  chtirch. 
He  ]iiiliiiHh('(I  a  trcatiMe  on  criminal  law,  and  n 
guide  fo  justices  of  tiie  peace,  IN.'JS. 

DAVIS,  I  )A.Mi;i,.  died  at  IJarnsfalde  April  2H, 
1790,  afjfod  H,').  Horn  in  U.,  he  was  jiidxc  of  pro- 
bate, and  of  the  common  ])!eas.  Of  excellent 
tem|)er  ond  character,  a  ])illar  of  the  church,  he 
left  the  world  hlessin^  those  around  him,  and  cx- 
prcHsinff  the  assured  hojio  of  evcrlastinjj;  f^lory. 
Mr.  Mellen's  sermon  on  liiH  death  was  ixihlinhed, 

DAVIS,  lliciiAUi)  n.,  died  at  his  father's  in  New 
Brunswick  in  17!M»,  aged  28,  of  the  yellow  fever, 
taken  in  New  York.  In  17!)(J  he  edited  "The 
Diary."  His  ])oems  with  a  sketch  of  his  life  were 
published  in  1807. 

DAVIS,  Aicji'.STiXK,  postmaster  at  Richmond, 
Va.,  died  in  that  city  in  182.>.  He  was  the 
oldest  editor  and  j)rinter  of  Virginia.  For  many 
years  he  conducted  the  Virginia  Gazette.  A 
zealous  ])olitician,  he  differed  from  the  dominant 
party  in  Virginia. 

DAVIS,  John,  LL.  D.,  judge,  died  in  Boston 
Jan.  14,  1817,  ogcd  nearly  8G  ;  agraduato  of  1781. 
Born  in  Plymouth,  his  father  was  Thomas  Davis, 
a  merchant ;  his  mother,  Mercy  Hedge,  a  descend- 
ant of  Bradford  and  Brewster.  After  being  a 
teacher  in  the  family  of  Gen.  Josejih  Otis,  of 
Barnstable,  be  studied  law  and  settled  in  Ply- 
mouth. In  179i5  AVashington  apjjointed  bim 
comptroller  of  the  treasury  of  the  United  States, 
■which  office  after  one  year  ho  resigned.  Being 
next  appointed  United  States  attorney,  he  re- 
moved to  Boston.  In  1801  he  became  judge  of 
the  district  court,  and  served  for  forty  years,  re- 
signing at  the  age  of  eighty.  He  was  a  learned 
man  in  various  de])artments,  but  he  had  a  S])ecial 
relish  for  the  history  and  antiquities  of  New  Eng- 
land. His  labors  for  the  historical  society,  of 
which  he  was  the  j)resident,  were  very  important. 
He  published  an  address  to  Massachusetts  chari- 
table society,  1799;  eulogy  on  Washington,  1800; 
discourse  before  the  historical  society,  in  Mass. 
historical  collections,  2d  series,  vol.  i. ;  Morton's 
memorial,  with  notes,  1826.  A  memoir  of  him,  by 
Dr.  C.  Francis,  is  in  historical  collections,  3d 
series,  vol.  x. 

DAVIS,  Matthew  L.,  died  in  Manhattanville 
June  21,  1850,  aged  84,  a  printer  and  a  man  of 
cultivated  mind.  He  wrote  the  spy  in  Washing- 
ton for  the  New  York  Courier,  and  memoirs  of 
the  life  of  Aaron  Burr. 

DAVIS,  Hknry,  D.  D.,  president  of  two  col- 
leges, died  in  Clinton,  N.  Y.,  March  7,  1852,  aged 
about  78.  Born  in  East  Hampton,  New  Y'ork, 
he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1796,  and  was  tutor  in 
Williams  and  Yale  seven  years.  From  1805  to 
1810,  he  was  professor  of  Greek  at  Union  college; 


then  president  of  Middldmry  until  1817,  when  ho 
was  chosen  president  of  Hamilton,  in  which  otiico 
he  continued  until  18.'13.  He  published  inaugural 
oration,  1810  ;  sermon  before  American  board  of 
missi(HiH,  1810. 

DAVIS,  Hannah,  died  at  Clinton,  N.  Y.,  April 
in,  1850,  aged  85,  the  widow  of  President  H. 
Davis.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Thomas  Tread- 
well  of  Smitlitown,  L.  I.,  who  removed  fo  New 
York,  —  a  man  of  worth.  She  married  in  1801, 
her  husband  being  then  o  teacher  in  Yale  college. 
With  him  she  lived  in  New  Haven,  and  also  ot 
Schenectady,  Middlebury,  and  Clinton.  At  the 
last  j)lace  she  was  the  president  of  the  female 
missionary  society  of  Xvestem  New  Y'ork.  Her 
education,  temjier,  talent?,  and  character  made 
her  useful  wherever  she  lived.  Her  end  was 
peace,  her  hope  being  "  in  the  precious  blood  of 
Christ." 

DAVIS,  Isaac  P.,  died  in  Boston  Jan.  13, 1855, 
aged  83;  brother  of  Judge  John  D.  His  mind 
was  filled  with  historical  and  antiquarian  lore; 
and  he  was  a  member  of  various  societies.  To 
him,  as  l.'.s  friend,  Daniel  Webster  dedicated  the 
2d  vol.  of  his  works. 

D.WIS,  Joii.v,  governor,  died  in  Worcester 
April  19,  1854,  aged  67,  sick  only  a  few  hours  of 
the  bilious  colic.  He  graduated  at  Y'ale  in  1812  ; 
was  many  years  in  Congress,  first  chosen  in  1825; 
was  chosen  governor  by  the  national  rejmblicans 
of  the  legislature  in  1833,  and  by  the  people  in 
1834,  and  in  other  years;  and  he  was  also  a  sen- 
ator of  the  United  States,  at  different  periods  from 
1845  to  1853.  He  published  an  obituary  of  C. 
C.  Baldwin,  in  Arch.  Americana,  11. 

DAVY,  John,  died  in  Hampshire  county,  Va., 
Jan.,  1839,  aged  103.  He  came  to  America  with 
Gen.  Wolfe,  and  was  in  the  battle  of  Quebec,  and 
served  also  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution. 

DAWES,  Thomas,  judge  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Massachusetts,  died  July  22,  1825,  aged  68. 
He  was  the  son  of  Thomas  Dawes,  eminent  as  an 
architect,  long  a  member  of  the  senate  and  coun- 
cil and  deacon  of  the  old  south  church,  Boston, 
who  died  Jan.  2,  1809,  aged  77.  He  was  born 
in  1757,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
1777.  In  the  Revolutionary  war  he  espoused 
with  zeal  the  cause  of  his  country.  After  a  suc- 
cessful course  of  practice  at  the  bar,  he  was  ap- 
pointed judge  of  the  supreme  court  in  1792,  but 
resigned  in  1802,  and  was  made  judge  of  probate 
for  Suffolk.  On  the  decease  of  Judge  Minot  he 
also  received  in  1802  the  appointment  of  judge  of 
the  munici])al  court  of  Boston,  which  he  held 
twenty  years.  The  office  of  judge  of  probate  he 
retained  till  his  death.  He  was  an  impartial, 
faithful,'  humane  magistrate.  In  early  life  he 
wrote  a  few  pieces  of  poetry.  He  jjublished  an 
oration  on  the  Boston  massacre,  1781 ;  oration 
July  4th,  1787. 


h 


DAWSON. 


DAYTON. 


203 


DAWSON,   ^rAnTIN,   (lied  in   Mny.   1R.1.'.,  in' 
Alliomarlt'  county,  Vii.,  n;;c(I  ,<,V     Hy  Ills  will  lie 
»t't  Ircf  hixty  NJavt's,  and  rcninvcil  tlicm  to   I.ilic- ' 
ria !  nnd  he  al»o  ga\c  '1(),()UU  dollnrN  fur  ncIiooIn 
in  Vir);iiiiii. 

DAWSOX,  Wlt.i.iAM  C,  Kovrmorof  Ororffia, ' 
dird  nt  (Jri'cnshoroii^jli  in  Muy,  IHM.  lie  had  , 
been  a  Hcnator  of  the  I'niti'd  Stati'H. 

DAY,  SrKi>!ii:N,  tho  firHt  jirintcT  in  Now  F.nj;- 
land,  died  nt  ('anil)ri(l;,'o  Di-c.  'J'.',  KiOS,  n^cd  ,'>'. 
He  canif'  to  this  country  in  1(!3H,  or  early  in 
1030,  for  ho  comincnecd  jirintin);  at  Cumhrid-^c, 
hy  direction  of  the  niaKistrates  nnd  ehU-rs,  in 
March,  1039.  Day  was  employed  hy  Mr.  (Jlover, 
who  died  on  his  passafje.  The  firHt  thinj;  ])rinted 
waa  tlio  freeman's  oath ;  next  an  nlmonac,  made 
by  Wm.  Pierce,  mariner;  then  the  ))Naln)M, 
"newly  turned  into  metre."  lie  was  unskilled  in 
the  art  of  tlio  compositor,  and  was  an  if^norant 
printer.  The  printing-houRO  about  1018  was 
taken  from  him  and  jiut  into  the  hands  of  Sam. 
Green.  Mr.  Farmer,  who  once  had  in  his  jms- 
session  an  almanac  of  1047,  with  the  imi)rint  of 
Matthew  Day,  regards  Matthew  as  the  first 
printer;  but  Mr.  Thomas  quotes  from  the  colony 
records,  which  in  1041  speak  of"  Steeven  Day  — 
the  first  that  sett  upon  printing."  Matthew  was 
admitted  freeman  in  1040.  The  oath  and  almanac 
were  printed  in  1039 ;  the  psalms  in  1040.  Alma- 
nacs in  subsequent  years,  some  of  them  by  S. 
Danforth,  were  printed.  Mr.  Day  also  printed  a 
catechism ;  body  of  liberties,  one  hundred  laws, 
1041;  the  psalms,  2d  edition,  1047;  they  were 
afterwards  improved  by  Dunster.  —  Thomas,  I. 
227-234. 

DAY,  RoBEKT,  of  Hartford,  died  in  1048,  aged 
44.  He  was  the  ancestor  of  descendants,  two 
thousand  four  hundred  in  number  of  jjcrsons  in 
the  male  line,  bearing  the  name  of  Day,  and 
whose  names  have  been  i)ubli8hed  in  a  register 
edited  by  Rev.  George  E.  Day,  Northamjjton, 
1848.  It  is  supposed  the  family  lived  hi  Wales, 
where  the  name  is  Dee,  pronounced  Day,  proba- 
bly taken  from  the  river  Dee,  the  word  signifying 
dark,  not  light.  lie  was  about  30  years  old, 
when  he  arrived  with  his  wife  Mary  in  April,  1034, 
in  the  bark  Elizabeth,  and  lived  at  Cambridge. 
The  next  year,  or  soon  after,  lie  removed  to  Hart- 
ford. His  second  wife  was  Editha  Stebbins.  He 
had  two  sons:  Thomas,  the  ancestor  of  the 
Springfield  branch,  and  John  of  the  Hartford; 
and  two  daughters,  Sarali,  who  married  S.  Kel- 
logg of  Hatfield,  and  was  slain  by  the  Indians 
Sept.  19,  1077,  and  Mary,  wlio  married  S.  Ely  of 
Springfield,  then  T.  Stebbins,  and  next  John  Cole- 
man of  Hatfield.  His  widow  married  S.  May- 
nard,  and  then  Elizur  llolyoke  of  Springfield. 
Besides  llobcrt,  there  were  seven  otliers  of  the 
name  of  Day,  who  lived  in  New  England,  within 


thirty  year"  nftcr  its  fir^tt  scftlemrnt.  Of  the  nonii 
of  Kdlicrt,  Thniiia^  it  n  ;,'ar(li(l  us  ihi'  liciid  of  tho 
Spriii;;lii'ld  liranch,  iind  .loliii  of  tlir  liiirtford. 

DAY,  Tii(iM\H,  sou  of  UoluTt,  the  first  of  tho 
Sjiringficld  hraiich,  died  Dec.  27,  I'll.  He  van 
probaMy  iiliout  HO  years  old,  as  he  was  married  to 
Sarali  ('i)o|ii'r  fit^j-two  yeiirs  before. 

D.VY,  JdllN,  son  (if  Koliert,  the  first  of  tho 
Hartford  liranrh  of  Days,  died  in  1730,  aged 
probably  about  KO.    His  wife  was  Sarah  Maynard. 

D.VY,  David,  a  deseendant  of  Uobert,  died  in 
Colchester,  Coiui.,  .Sejit.  o,  177.'i,aged  7(i.  He  letl 
a  large  estate  for  the  supjiort  of  the  gospel  in  ('(d- 
ehester,  and  in  Harthuidand  Ilumney,  X.  H.,  and 
for  a  high  seliool  in  C. 

DAY,  JruiMiAii,  iiiinister  of  New  Preston,  in 
Washington,  Coiui.,  died  Sept.  12,  ISdO,  aged  00. 
He  was  born  in  Colchester,  the  son  of  Thomas,  n 
descendant  of  llobcrt.  He  graduated  in  1730. 
He  was  the  father  of  I'resident  Day.  —  I'h'ainjd- 
ictd  Mai/axine,  Ml.  p.  217. 

DAY,  Asa,  a  useful  teacher,  died  in  1819,  aged 
58.  He  was  the  descendant  of  John.  A  grad- 
uate of  Dnrtmoutli  in  1783,  he  taught  school  in 
Pittsllcld,  for  some  years,  then  settled  in  Stock- 
bridge,  Mass.,  where  lie  died. 

DAY',  OuiN,  a  descendant  of  llobcrt,  died  at 
Catskill  Dec.  2(i,  1840.  aged  70  :  a  Christian,  nnd  a 
res])ceted  nnd  useful  citizen.  He  was  a  merchant 
and  banker.  Of  the  biijle,  tract,  educntion,  and 
American  home  missionary  societies,  he  was  one 
of  the  founders.  He  encouraged  also  the  cause 
of  temjicrance. —  X.  Y.  Observer,  ia.\\. 

D.VY,  Thomas,  LL.  D.,  son  of  llov.  Jeremiah 
D.,  died  in  Hartford  March  1,  18.jo,  ngcd  77.  He 
was  a  graduate  of  1707.  For  twenty-five  years 
from  1810  he  was  secretary  of  State;  he  was  also 
judge  of  the  county  court.  Ho  was  a  reporter 
from  1814  till  18ij3,  jireparing  and  publishing 
twenty-six  volumes  of  rejiorts,  besides  a  digest. 
He  edited  also  several  English  law-books ;  in  all 
sixty  volumes.  Ho  was  president  of  the  Conn., 
historical  society,  and  of  the  Wadswortli  nthe- 
nceum.  His  brother.  Col.  Noble  Day,  died  in 
Hudson,  Ohio,  Feb.  13,  1855,  aged  75. 

DAYTON,  Elias,  major-general  of  the  militia 
of  New  Jersey,  at  the  commencement  of  the 
American  llevolution,  though  in  the  enjoyment  of 
every  domestic  blessing,  took  an  active  part,  and 
never  quitted  the  tented  field  till  the  consumma- 
tion of  independence.  In  Feb.,  1778,  congress 
a])j)ointed  him  colonel.  He  died  at  Philadelphia 
in  July,  1807,  aged  70.  Ho  was  open,  generous, 
and  sincere ;  ardent  in  his  fricndshijis ;  scrupu- 
lously upright;  in  manners  easy,  unassuming, and 
pleasant ;  prompt  and  diffusive  in  his  charities ; 
and  also  a  warm  supporter  of  the  gosijcl.  At 
the  time  of  his  death  he  held  tho  ofiico  of  major- 
general. —  Brown's  American  Jier/isier,  ii.  76. 


204 


DAYTOV. 


nr.AimoRv. 


DAYTON',  F.i.iAs  II.,  l)ri(,M(lirr-Ki'ncriiI,  ilir.l  at 
r,liz:iln'iliiuwii,  N.  .1..  Jim.  17.  IMi;.  ii>.'iil  H.'.  II 
niiicli  rrN|)(<|ii|  cill/cn.  lie  liii;,'lil  liiiM'  ilrMciidicI 
from  Itiiljili  I)., lit'  l'!.isiliiiiii|itc>ii,  1,.  I.,  ill  Ki.'iO. 

DAYTON,  JfiNMiiAN,  1,1,.  D..  a  ili-.tiii;{iii  linl 
dtatoin.iii  <ir  New  JcrNcv,  ilit'il  at  I'.li/alii'tlitinvn 
Oct.  !>,  IH'.'I,  ii^id  alMiiit  (is.  Ill'  was  tin'  sim  of 
(ii'Il.  I'.liast  ^'I'liilii.ili'il  at  I'l'iiiri'tiiii  ill  ITTH,  anil 
Wa.s  !\  iiHiii'icr  111"  till'  riiiiM'iiliiiii  in  ITH",  anil 
(i|)cak('r  of  I  lie  lioiiM'  of  ri'iiri'MMitalivcH  of  tlu' 
I'liitril  Stall's  in  IT!)".  A:i  a  mriiilicr  of  the 
dciiatc  111'  o|i|iiis('il  till"  repeal  of  the  jiKlicIai'v  net 
ill  IHO'J.  Ill' was  ill  till'  hoii.e  fnini  ITiXttn  iT!»!), 
mill  a  senator  IVoiii  ITi'^'to  INO.'j.  Willi.iin  I.ewiH 
Da\loii,  oMi'  of  till'  eaiiiliilali'.'  for  the  vit'e-pri'^i- 
(li'iicy  of  the  I'liited  States  In  iM.Jti,  wa.s  liis 
!ie]j|i''(v,  the  Mi:i  of  Joel. 

Dl'.AN.  1Iaii/ii.i..\i,  eaptain,  (lieil  at  I'.aston  in 
n  reiiiarluible  manner  June  Ll!l,  IH|S.  Ho  had 
creeled  II  new  toiiiiifiir  liiniself  and  family,  and  at 
ilH  conipletHin,  .is  he  entcn  I  It  to  examine  it,  the 
roof  fell  niiiIeniNli(d  hlin  lu  death. 

DI'',.VN',  J.VMi.s,  I.L.  1).,  died  at  Ilnrlinjjton 
Juii.  L'O,  IMl!»,  a;,'ed  "Us  ])rofessor  of  inatheiiiat- 
ics  and  natural  philosophy  in  Vermont  iiniversity. 
Ho  was  a  ^jraihiate  of  Dartmouth  in  1N()(». 

Dl'.AN  I'm  Sii,.\s,  miiii.sler  of  the  United  States 
to  the  court  of  l''raiiee,  died  Aiij,'.  '_'.'{,  I'M!).  He 
was  a  native  of  Oroton,  Conn.,  and  was  jjrndii- 
ntcd  at  Yale  eoUcj,'!'  In  IT.'JH.  Ho  was  a  meinlier 
of  the  first  eoiiffress,  wliloli  mot  in  1774.  In  177(1, 
ho  was  deputed  to  ]■' ranee  as  ii  political  and  eom- 
niercial  af,'eiit,  and  he  arrived  at  I'aris  in  Juno 
Mitli  Instructions  to  sound  the  dIs]iosilIon  of  the 
cahliu't  on  the  controversy  with  droat  Ilritaln, 
and  to  endeavor  lo  olitain  NU]i])lio.s  of  military 
stores.  In  Sept.,  it  was  nf,'roed  to  ap])oInt  minis- 
ters to  no;,'olIate  treaties  with  forei},'n  powers, and 
Dr.  l'"raiiklin  and  Mr.  Jeirorson  wore  elected  to 
join  Mr.  Deane  in  I''ranco.  Hut  Mr.  JoH'erson 
deelliiln>!;  the  ajipolntment,  Arthur  ],ee,  tiien  in 
London,  was  chosen  in  his  place.  It  i.s  remark- 
ahlo,  that  the  dele|^ates  of  Connecticut  did  not 
vote  for  Mr.  Deane.  In  Doe.,  the  throe  commis- 
sioners mot  at  Paris.  Thoiiffh  Mr.  Doano  assisted 
in  ne;^oliatinjj  \i  treaty  with  Iiis  most  Christian 
majesty,  yet  lie  I  .. !.  very  little  to  rocommond  him 
to  the  hij!:h  station  in  wiiieh  he  was  j:  .iced.  He 
was  instructed  to  enjj;af,'o  not  oxcocdini^  four  engin- 
eers, and  he  was  most  jirofuse  in  his  promises  of 
otficos  of  rank  to  induce  French  gentlemen  to 
come  to  America.  Congress,  being  embarrassed 
by  his  contracts,  was  under  the  necessity  of  recall- 
ing him  Nov.  21,  1777,  and  John  Adams  was 
aj)pointod  in  his  place.  Ho  left  I'aris  Ajirll  1, 
1778.  After  hi  n-'ival  in  this  cci.ntry,  he  was 
desired  to  give  an  accoun'  r^'  his  t.  an.sactions  on 
the  floor  of  congress,  hut  hi-  uii  noc  remove  all 
suspicions  of  having  i.)is-.j;,'''  '  'he  'iublic  mon- 
eys.   He  evaded  the  siruui:;   by  i.!.-..;iling  tha; 


his  pnpern  wrro  in  I'uropo.  To  divert  llip  piiMIc 
iiltriiliiin  friini  liini'-i  If,  he  in  Dei'.  |  i. Ill  lied  a 
III. inili'stii,  ill  which  he  nrriil;.'nril  hiliire  I  ho  bar 
of  the  piilille,  the  condiiil,  not  only  of  iho'o  coii'. 
eerned  in  foreiKii  ncgotialiimx,  I  iit  of  tiie  iiicm- 
berti  of  rongre4.s  themNcives,  In  ITM,  he  pub- 
li'lied  an  address  to  tlie  clti;(ens  of  the  t'nitcd 
.Slates,  cimiplainlng  of  the  in;iliner  in  wliii  h  ho 
had  been  treatrd.  lie  went  soon  altrrwarilsto 
I'airope,  and  at  last,  reibiiid  to  exirenie  poverty, 
died  in  a  miserable  coiiditioii  at  De:il,iii  I'.iigland. 
His  intercepted  letters  to  his  brothers  and  others 
were  published  in  I7H1'. —  U'inriii'K  Amirlrmi 
AVc,  II.    1.'10-|;17;  Miif.'ihiill,  III.   l.V),   llli  IV. 

,)  j    <lnllln,l.  III.  L'K!. 

Dl'.ANI',,  Sami  It,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Portland, 
Me.,  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  I7(>(), 
and  was  ordained  aeolleague  with  Thomas  Smith, 
the  first  niinlster,  Oct.  17.  17(il.  .\lter  jireachlug 
forty-live  years,  he  received  as  a  colleague  lelia- 
bod  Nichols,  in  June,  ISO!).  \\t'  died  Nov.  I'J, 
IHI  I,  aged  about  7.'J.  He  published  election  ser- 
mon, 17!'l;  sermon  on  the  death  of  T.  Smith, 
WXt;  at  thanksgiving;  New  I'.iigland  farmer,  or 
(ieorgieal  dictionary,  L'd  edilion,  Mvo.  I7!)7. 

D1'..\NI'"„  Samii;i,.  niinlster  of  Scltuate,  died  in 
I'S;)),  aged  'A't.  He  was  a  graduate  of  IJrowii,  in 
17!).>.  He  jiublishod  a  dl.scoiirso  on  Christian  lil>- 
erty.  Wl') ;  the  ])oi)ulous  village,  a  iioem,  IN'JO; 
on  human  nature,  18:17!  a  historv  of  Seituato,  in 
18:11. 

DK.WI'',  CiiuisTOPlll-.iiCdied  at  Charlestown 
June  17,  IS.'il.  Ho  had  been  for  twenty  years 
treasurer  and  agent  of  the  Massachusetts  Sabbath 
school  society. 

DKAl!IU)';\,  IIlAltY,  major-general,  a  soldier 
of  tlic  Itevolution.  died  Juno  0,  182!),  aged  78. 
Ho  was  a  descendant  of  Godfrey  I).,  wlio  came 
from  I'Aoter,  I'.ngland,  Avith  his  ;.on  Henry,  and 
settled  at  Exeter,  X.  H.,  in  lO.'ii),  but  afterwards 
removed  to  Hampton,  where  many  descendants 
still  live.  In  this  town  Gen.  Dearborn  was  born 
in  March,  17.51.  He  studied  iihy.sic  wlih  Dr.  Hall 
Jackson  of  Portsmouth,  and  had  been  settled 
three  years  at  Nottingham-square,  when,  on  the 
2()th  of  Ajiril,  177."),  an  express  announced  the 
battle  of  Lexington  on  the  iirceedlng  day.  He 
marched  on  the  same  day  with  si.xty  volunteers, 
and  early  in  the  next  day  reached  Cambridge, 
a  distance  of  sixty-five  miles.  On  .'il^.  •■(■<''ii  h  • 
was  a|)j)oi'  n  d  a  cajitain  in  the  rogiPH"it ..('  Si  -.i  k ; 
and,  having  enlisted  his  men,  ho  "-.^nit  d  hi; 
self  again  at  Cambridge  with  a  full  ^>;.iij);iiiy.  May 
loth.  He  participated  June  17th  in  the  battle  of 
Breed's  hill.  Having  marched  on  that  day  across 
Charlestown  neck  under  a  galling  fire,  he  took 
])ost  behind  the  rail  fence  whicli  stretched  from 
Prescott's  redoubt  to  Mystic  river.  During  the 
bloody  action  he  regularly  fired  with  liis  men. 
In  Sept.  he  accompanied  Arnold  in  the  expedition 


DF.AUItOllV. 


Jii;.\lll»)ll\. 


tliro)i({h  lln'  wlldiTiirH'.  i)f  Maim-  to  (Jiii'Imt.    Tin- 
jiriii)  wa.H   iiiiirr  lliaii  a  iiiiiiilli  in  llic  uilclcrni'H*, 
Ipi'loft'   lliry  riMclicd,  Nii\.  |||i,  ilir  |lri.t  Ikiiiki"  in 
Caimilii,  on  tlic  Clianilii  re.     'I'lic    haiiUhijiH  al, 
iiiitl'i'rin)<'«  of  the  lroo|m  wen-   inrrnliMi-.      Tlu 
provisions  were  cxliaii'-lcd.     "  M)  (li)ji,"hai<l  (it'll. 
I».,  ill  II  I Kcr  to  the  iiiiilior  of  lliii  work,"wii^ 
very  liirK<'  mnl  n  ;;rcat  I'aMirlic.     I  j^avc  him  up  ti> 
dt'vcral  men  olCapt,  (iooilricli's  ((inipaiij  at  tticlr 
(Miiii'sl    Holicil:itioii.     'I'licy  rai'ricil  him   to   lli    r 
ciiinpiiny  ami  killed  anil  dixiiU'il  him  amon^  tlm  , 
who  wcix-  Miill'i'rinK  '"""*•  ^I'vcrcly  wiili    Inmxcr. 
'I'licy  ate  every  |)urt  of  him,  not  rxcoptiiiK  hin 
ciitrailNi  and  ulh'r  linishin^  ilicir  niciil  tliry  r<d- 
li'clcd  the  hones  and  carried  them  to  lie  pounded 
lip,  and  to  make  hroth  lor  another  meal.     There 
was  lint  oiie  otli'T  <!'i){  will)  the  detachment.     It 
vvaNHniiil!.  aiidh.^d  Iiitii  privately  killed  and  eaten. 
Old   .t>  ,)>  li  do  '.repches  were  lioilcd  and    then 
'i.idt'ii  on  till  Midit  imd  eaten.     .\  harlier's  povv- 
tiir-lintt  mode  n  ^oup  in  the  course  of  the   last 
li.    e  '     .  ur  (lays  heforc  we  reached  the  first  nct- 
llcmcnth  in  Canada.    Many  men  died  with  fatifjiie 
and  hunj^ei,  frequently  four  or  live  minutes  atler 
milking  their  last  eH'ort  and  nittiiij{  down."    lJein({ 
sci/cd  I  itli  11  fever,  he  was  let^  in  a  cottii}jcon  the 
banks  of  the  Chaudiere  without  a  ])hyHician.    Dur- 
ing; ten  diiys  his  life  was  despaired  of.     A  }{ood 
Cathollt;    woman   ovw*-  Njirinkled  him  with  holy 
wiiter.    Yet  he  f^riulually  recovered  i  and,  procur- 
iiij;   a  conveynnce  sixty  miles  to'i/Wiiit  Levi,  he 
crossed   over  to  Wolfe's  cove,  and   rejoined  his 
company  early  in  Dec.     The  assault  on  the  city 
was  made  hi  the  morniii);  of  Dec.  .'Hst.     Moiit- 
fjomery  fell  on  the  Imiik  of  the  St.  liawrencc,  in 
attackiiifj  the  lower  town  on  that  side.     Arnold's 
division  made  the  attack  on  the  other  side  of  the 
city,  alonpr  the  St.  Charles.     In  the  action  Cajit. 
Dearhorn,  who  had  been  quartered  on  the  north 
side  of  the  river  St.  Charles,  marched  to  join  the 
miiin  hody,  hut  in  the  attemjit  was  ca])tured  with 
his  company  by  Ca])t.  J, aw,  who  issued  from  I'al- 
ncc  f;atc  with  two  hundred  men  and  some  can- 
non,    lie  was  put  into  close  conlincment ;  but  in 
May,  177(5,  was  ])ermitted  to  return  on  ])arole  with 
Maj.  Meiffs.     They  were  carried  to  Halifax  in  the 
frif^ate  Ni^for,  and   then  transferred  to    another 
frifjate,  which  after  a  criiis'   of  thirty  days  landed 
tliem  at  Penobscot  bay.     In  March,  1777,  he  was 
exchiiiijTcd.     Jlcinpf  apiminted  a  major  in  Scam- 
md's  rcf^iment,  he  procenled  in  May  to  Ticomle- 
ro;,'a.     He  foii^jht  in  the  conflict  of  Sejit.  I'Jth, 
Qud  on  the  7th  Oct.  he  shared  in  the  honor  of 
carryin;^;  the  German  fortified  camp.    On  the  17th 
the  British  army  sir  rendered.     Gen.  Gates  in  his 
dispatch  particulany  in  I  iced  Mor-jan  and  Dear- 
born.    At  the  battle  of  Mi-Mimouth,  in  177S,  after 
Lee'.s  retreat,  Washiii , 'ton  onlfved  Cilley's  reji-i- 
incnt,  in  which  Dcarlwrn  was  ucut.-col.,  to  attack 
a  body  of  the  ciii  my.     A  gallant  charge  com- 


pell.'d  the  Flriti'h  to  retreat.  Diarbnrn  lieiii(( 
sent  to  ask  for  furl  In  r  order",  \Va«liiii(;lon  in- 
quired,  liV  way  of  cipinmciidatlon,  ••  What  troop* 
are  those.'"  —  "I'lill  lilncided  \  aiikies  from  New 
Mampohire,  oir,"  wan  the  reply. 

ill  I77II  he  lU'comtiaiiied  Siillivnn  in  his  ex|)C> 
"iition   .ijfiinst   the  Indians;  in  l7so  he  w.is  witli 
}}>  army  in  .\i  <(    '   rse\  j  in  I7H1  he  was  at  York- 
town  III   the   siirrr-iidi  r  nf   Cornwallis.     Or,   thn 
death  of  f~    jmiiu  I  he  sMOceeded  to  [\u'  ei>iuinaii<l 
of  the  renimeiii.     jMiiiiij;  17N'.'  he  wan  on  ftarri- 
son  (hity  at  the  frontier  ffnl  at  Saratoga.     After 
the    piM'e,  he    emigrated,  in    Jm,  ,  I7SI,  to   tho 
banks  III   ihc  Keiinebei  ,  and  en^uged   iii  ajfrieuU 
lural  piiiviiils.     In    l7Ni»   'W  ,isliiii;;ttin   appointed 
him  marshal  of  Maine.     Twice  he  was  elected  a 
memlier  of  eon(,rrcsH.     On  the   aecession  '>i'  Mi", 
Jefferson  to  the  presidency,  in  isol,  he  \*,ut  aft- 
pointed   secretary   of  war,  as   the   ciiwehMir   <if 
Ko^er  Griswold  ;  and  the  laborious  duiieN  of  lliu 
oflice  he  faithfully  iliscliar(,'ed  for  cii,'ln  u-arx,  till 
|H()!I,  when  hi'  was  Miicecedcd  li\  \\  in.  I'.UHlis,  and 
was  ap|)oiii*'  il   to  the  lucrative  nflice  of  colhctor 
of  Uosto         In    Feb.,  IHl'J,  he   received   a  com- 
mission ui  senior  major-^eiicral  in  the  army  of 
the  I'nited  States.     In  the  s|)rinf{   '<r  the   ne.\t 
year  he  captured  York,  in  Upper  (  iiiada,  .ipril 
27th,  and  soon  of^erwards  fort   Ciei     ''',  at   tho 
mouth  of   the    Xia<;ara.     Hut,  his    li    .1th   being 
somewhat  iiii])aircd,  .Mr.  Madison   w.^   induced, 
very  unnecessarily,  to  recall  him  July  ti.  IHlIt,  on 
the  f^round  of  ill  health.     A  court  of  in    liry  waH 
immediately  solicited,  but  not  (granted.     He  was 
soon   orderid  to   assume   the  conimaiii     of  the 
military   district   of  New  York   city.     A    tr  tho 
peace  of  1H1,>  he  retired  to  jirivate  life.     1  i.Iiily, 
1N22,  he  sailed   from   lloston  for  Lisbon,     aving 
been  appointed  by  President  Monroe  the  iiuiiister 
])lenipotentiary  to  Portiif^al.     After  two  yea  -  he 
solicited  ]iermissioii  to  return  home.     Thouu  a  he 
usually  resided  at  Hoston,  he  annually  repair    1  to 
the  scene  of  his  af^ricultural  labors  in  Maine.     lu 
1HU9  an  imjirndent  exposure  brou<;ht  on  a  violent 
bilious  attack,  which  caused  some  fatal  orj^nnio 
disarrangements.     During  the  agonies  of  liis  Lust 
illness  he  never  compllained ;   he  trusted  iir  t  he 
mercy  of  the  Suprenu!!  Litelligence.     II  ■  died  4 
the   residence  of  hi»   son,  Gen.  H.  A.  .S.  Dear- 
born, in  Roxbury.     Ho  was  thrice  married.     HiS 
last  wife,  the  widow  of  James  liowdoin,  died  in 
May,  IK'JG.     Gen.  Dearbon  was  large  and  manly 
in  his  ])erson,  of  great  frankness  and  imimpeached 
integrity,  and,  as  a  commanding  officer,  notwith- 
standing his  recall  from  the  frontier,  he  had  the 
confidence  and  the  warm  attachment  of  the  brave 
ofticers   and   nwn  who  served  under   him.     He 
published  an  qccount  of  Hunker  Hill  battle. 

DEARHORN,  Bi-u\j.vMi\,  inventor  of  the  pat- 
ent balance,  died  at  Boston  Feb.  22,  1838,  aged 
82.    Ue  was  a  man  of  science,  and  much  re- 


t 

V. 


29G 


DMAllliOIlN. 


DECATl'll. 


li 


spoctcd.  Ills  fiilluT  wns  ])i-.  licnj.  ]).,  of  Porls- 
nioiitli,  wjio  (Ilcil  ill  17').").  His  iiiDlhcr  \v:is  Ild'li, 
datijjliU'i-  of  Ucv.  liciijiiiiiM  lio^'cr.s,  of  1'. 

J)i;AUIi()llN',  i;i)\v\lil>.  I)i-.,  (lied  lit  SiNilirook. 
N.  11.,  Miircii  (i,  I.S.'il,  n^^i'il  I'l,  li('(|u(';illiiiif; 
3,(M)((  (Ii)!l;ii-.s  lor  a  tiniiili' sciniiian, iiiid  1,()()0  Cor 
the  ('()Hf;i'(';r;ilioii:il  soci(l\-. 

DIlAkliOIiX,  IIinky'a.  S.,  ;,'(iirnil,  died  in 
roi-llaiid  Jiiiy  •-'!»,  lS,-,l,a;rcd  07.  'I'lie  Mm  of 
(icii.  Henry  S.,  he  was  lioni  in  I'.xctcr,  iuid  odn- 
CMtfd  ill  A'ir^iiila.  He  jinii-liscd  law  in  iSaloni  and 
roi'tland.  Mr.  .Madison  a[)])oliil('d  liini  collector 
of  Itoston,  as  successor  of  his  father;  lie  was  also 
adjiitanl-fjeneral,  a  iiieniber  of  conj^ress,  and 
mayor  of  Itoxlniry,  which  ollice  lie  held  till  his 
death,  lie  jmlilished  an  oration  .Inly  I,  ISll ; 
address  to  horticultural  society,  \K'2'i ;  a  life  of 
Kliot;  three  volumes  on  the  ItlackSea;  a  hioj^- 
rajiliy  of  Commodore  ]{aiiil)rid;;e,  also  of  his  own 
father.  He  left  a  volume  of  his  wrilinf,'son  airhi- 
tt'cture,  another  on  flowers,  and  one  for  his  wife, 
on  Christ,  with  tlie  passaf^es  of  Scrijiturc  I'ldaliiif; 
to  him  quoted  and  iiarmoiiized. 

DKAlMtOUX,  X.vrir.\MKi„  died  at  South  llead- 
inpr,  Nov.  7,  lSi52,  a}j;ed  00,  son  of  Itcnjaniin  ]). 
He  was  one  of  the  lirstto  introduce  wood  enfjrav- 
iiifjs.  He  ])uhlished  text-hook  of  letters  ;  hook 
of  Boston  notions  and  guide ;  guide  to  Mount 
Anhurn. 

l)V.  IJIIAHM,  Wiij.iAJt  G.,  siinevor-general 
of  the  southern  district  of  North  America  in 
170ii,  jmhlished  the  Atlantic  ])ilot. 

Dl'X'A'I'l'lt,  Stki'III'N,  commodore,  died  Mnrcli 
22,  1820,  aged  -JO,  heing  killed  in  a  duel  with 
Commodore  IJarron.  He  was  liorn  on  the  east- 
ern shore  of  Maryland.  His  grandfatlier,  a 
native  of  France,  married  a  lady  of  Newport, 
]{.  I.,  where  he  residi'd.  His  fallier,  .Stej)hen 
Decatur,  after  the  estal)lishineiit  of  the  navy,  was 
ajipointedlo  command  the  Delaware  sloo])-()l'-war, 
and  al'terwards  (he  frigate  I'hiladeljihia.  On  the 
o.'currence  of  jieace  with  l'"rance  he  resigned  his 
commission,  and  died  at  Frankford,  near  Pliila- 
delidiia,  Nov.  11,  L'^OS,  aged  57.  The  son,  Sie- 
])hen,  was  educated  in  that  city.  In  !March.  17().S, 
at  the  age  of  iiiiK'teen,  he  enlered  as  niidshi])man 
the  -Vmeriean  navy  under  Harry.  'I'lirict^  he  jiro- 
ceeded  to  tlie  .Mediterranean  under  Commodores 
Dale,  Morris,  and  I'rehle.  He  arrived  the  third 
time  Just  after  the  i'rigate  I'hiladeljihia,  which 
had  run  aground  on  the  Itarbary  coast,  liad  fallen 
into  the  hands  of  the  Trijiolitans.  He  imme- 
diately formed  the  jjroject  of  recajituring  («•  de- 
stroying her,  and,  having  obtained  the  consent  of 
Com.  I'rehle,  he  sailed  for  iSyracusc  Feh.  .'{,  1S04, 
in  the  ketch  Intrepid,  with  seventy  volunteers, 
accomiianied  by  the  I'liited  States  brig  Syren. 
Lieut.  Stewart.  In  a  few  davs  he  arrived  at  the 
harbor  of  Trijioli,  which  he  entered  about  eight 
o'clock  in  the  evening,  alone,  as  ho  was  unwilling 


I  to  wait  for  tlie  boats  of  tlie  Syren,  which  was  sev- 
eral miles  distant.  'I'lie  enterprise  was  extremely 
j  liiizariloiis,  for  the  l'iiiladel)ihia  was  moored  within 
hall'-guiishot  of  the  bashaw's  castle,  and  of  the 
|)riiiciiial  battery.  Two  cruisers  and  several  gun- 
boats lay  near,  and  the  guns  of  the  frigate  were 
mounted  and  loaded.  Tlie  attack  was  to  he 
made  by  a  single  ketch.  .Miout  eleven  o'clock  ho 
apjiroached  within  two  hundred  yards,  when  ho 
was  hailed  and  ordered  to  anchor.  He  directed 
a  Maltese  jiilot  to  answer  that  the  anchors  had 
been  lost  in  n  gale  of  wind.  His  object  was  not 
suspected,  until  he  was  almost  alongside  the  frig- 
ate, when  the  Turks  were  thrown  into  the  utmost 
confusion.  Decatur  sjirang  aboard,  followed  liy 
midshipman  Charles  Morris,  and  they  were  nearly 
a  niiniile  on  deck  bef(n'e  their  comjianions  could 
join  them,  the  enemy  in  the  meanwhile  not  oU'er- 
iiig  to  assail  them,  being  crowd(>d  together  in 
astoiii.-hnient  on  the  (piarter-deck.  Tlie  Turks 
were  soon  assaulted  and  overjiowered.  .About 
twenty  men  were  killed  on  the  .siiot ;  many 
jumped  overboard,  and  the  rest  were  driven  to 
liie  hold.  After  setting  fire  to  tlio  shi])  in  differ- 
ent jiarts,  Decatur  retreated  to  his  ketch,  and,  a 
breeze  sjninging  up,  he  soon  got  beyond  the 
reach  of  the  enemy's  guns,  which  had  ojiencd  a 
lire  ujion  liim  from  the  batteries,  and  castle,  and 
two  corsairs.  In  this  daring  exjiloit  not  a  single 
man  was  killed,  and  only  four  were  wcnmded. 
For  this  achievement  he  was  immediately  pro- 
moled  to  the  rank  of  jiost  eaptahi. 

.Vt  an  attack  on  Trijioli,  Aug.  .'{d,hecomninnd- 
ed  a  division  of  gun-boats,  which  he  led  to  action, 
covered  by  the  frigate  Constitution  and  some 
smaller  vessels.  Disregarding  the  fn-e  of  the 
batteries,  he  with  twenty-seven  men  boarded  one 
of  the  enemy's  gun-boats,  which  contained  forty 
men  ;  and,  in  ten  minutes,  with  but  three  wounded, 
he  cleared  tiie  deck  and  made  it  a  jirize.  ,\t  this 
nioment  he  was  informed  that  his  In-other,  l.ieut. 
James  Decatur,  who  commanded  another  boat, 
had  cajitured  a  boat  of  tiic  enemy,  but  was 
treacliennisly  shot  by  h(>r  commander,  who  im- 
mediately ])ushed  off,  and  was  then  stretching 
toward  the  iiarbor.  Decatur  instantly  ])ursued 
him.  entering  the  enemy's  line  with  his  single  boat, 
and,  overtaking  the  foe,  boarded  her  with  eleven 
men,  being  all  the  .Americans  he  had  left.  He 
singled  out  the  Turkish  commander,  who  was 
armed  with  a  sjiear.  in  attempting  to  cut  otf  the 
head  of  which  he  struck  the  iron  and  bioke  liin 
sword  close  to  the  hilt.  The  Turk  now  makiiiL' 
a  ])usli,  and  wounding  him  slightlv,  he  seized  the 
spear  and  closed  with  him.  In  the  struggle  both 
fell.  Decatur,  being  u])|iermost,  caught  the  ann 
of  the  Turk,  who  was  on  the  jjoiiit  of  stabbing 
him  with  a  dagger,  and  with  a  ]M)cket  jiistol  shot 
him.  The  crews  at  the  same  time  were  fighting 
around  them,  luid  it  was  with  difiiculty  that,  after 


DECATUR. 


DEGUAND, 


297 


liilliiiH:  his  adversary,  lip  poiild  extricate  himself 
from  the  slain  and  wounded.  His  life  in  this 
Ktrn^';j;le  with  the  Turk  was  jireserved  hy  a  nolile- 
miiided  common  sailor,  who,  when  a  blow  was 
aimed  nt  his  ca|)tain  from  behind  with  an  uplifted 
Hahre,  havin;,'  lost  the  use  of  his  hands,  rushed 
forward  and  received  the  lilow  on  his  own  head, 
bv  which  his  skull  was  fractured.  He  however 
survived,  and  received  a  ])ension  from  f^overn- 
ment.  Decatur  returned  to  the  scjuadron  with 
both  of  his  ])rizes,  and  the  next  day  received  the 
hiifhest  commendation  in  a  f,'eneral  order  from 
Commodore  Preble.  After  a  peace  was  concluded 
with  Tripoli  he  returned  home  in  the  (.'on<;ress 
and  after  his  return  was  employed  in  superin- 
tending; }i[un-boats,  mitil  he  was  ordered  to.sujier- 
sede  Commodore  ]}arron  in  the  command  of  the 
Chesa])eake  frifjate.  He  afterwards  was  removed 
fo  the  I'nited  States,  in  which  shi]),  Oct.  2.j,  1S12, 
in  lat.  •_'!)'  N.,lon^'.  '.>i»o  HO'  W.,ho  fell  in  with  his 
liritannic  majesty's  shij)  Macedonian,  one  of  the 
finest  frifi;ates  in  the  Uritish  navy,  which  he  cap- 
tured after  an  action  of  an  hour  and  a  half.  His 
loss  was  four  killed  and  seven  wounded ;  that  of 
the  enemy  thirty-six  killed  and  sixty-eifjht  wound- 
ed. When  C"a])t.  Garden  came  on  board  the 
Tnited  States  and  presented  his  sword,  Decatur 
observed,  that  he  could  not  think  of  takin}^  the 
fiword  of  so  brave  an  officer,  but  would  ho  ha])j)y 
to  take  him  by  the  hand.  The  prize  was  safely 
brouf^ht  into  Newport  by  Lieut.  W.  II.  Allen,  and 
the  command  of  her  given  to  Capt.  Jones. 

In  !May,  1813,  in  command  of  the  United 
States,  with  his  prize,  the  Macedonian,  refitted  as 
an  American  frif^ate,  ho  attempted  to  }^et  to  sea, 
but  was  compelled  to  enter  the  harbor  of  New 
London,  wliere,  for  a  long  time,  the  enemy  closely 
blockaded  him.  In  Jan.,  IHIo,  he  was  apjiointed 
to  the  command  of  the  President,  and  attempted 
to  get  to  sea,  but,  after  first  fighting  the  Endy- 
mion,  was  captured  on  the  13th  by  the  I'omone, 
and  Tenedos,  and  Majestic,  and  carried  into  IJer- 
muda.  He  returned  to  New  London  Feb.  22d. 
Ueing  soon  dispatched  with  a  squadron  to  the 
Mediterranean,  he  captured,  off  Cape  de  Gatt,  an 
Algerine  frigate  of  forty-nine  guns,  in  which  the 
celebrated  admiral,  llais  Hammida,  was  killed; 
and  on  the  Ii)th  an  Algerine  brig  of  twenty-two 
guns.  He  arrived  before  Algiers  June  'J<S,  and 
the  next  day  C(mi])elled  the  proud  regency  to  a 
treaty  most  honorable  to  oiu'  country,  according 
to  which  no  tribute  was  ever  again  denuuuled  of 
the  United  States ;  all  enslaved  Americans  were 
to  be  released  without  ransom,  and  no  American 
should  ever  again  be  held  as  a  slave.  These 
terms  shamed  the  great  ])()wers  of  Europe,  who 
had  long  been  tributary  to  a  band  of  corsairs. 
He  proceeded  also  to  Tunis  and  Tripoli,  and  ob- 
tained redress  for  outrages.  After  his  return, 
Nov.  12th,  he  was  appouitcd  one  of  the  board  of 
38 


navy  commissioners,  and  resided  at  AVasliington, 
at  the  formtr  seat  of  Joel  Harlow,  called  Kalo- 
rama.  Duiiug  a  ])art  of  the  year  1S1!»  he  had  a 
long  correspondence  with  Commodore  Harron, 
who  some  years  before  had  been  jumished  for 
yielding  up  the  Chesapeake,  by  a  cotu't  martial, 
of  which  Decatur  was  a  member.  The  corre- 
spondence issued  in  a  challenge  from  llarron, 
though  he  considered  duelling  "as  a  barbanms 
l)ractice,  which  ought  to  l)e  exploded  from  civil- 
ized society;"  and  the  challenge  was  accepted  by 
Decatm-,  though  he  "had  long  since  discovered 
that  fighting  duels  is  not  even  an  unerring  crite- 
rion of  personal  courage."  lie  was  persuaded 
that  it  was  the  intention  of  Harron  "  to  fight  up 
his  character."  They  fought  at  Hladensburgh, 
and  at  the  first  fire  he  was  mortally  wounded, 
and,  being  conveyed  to  his  home,  and  to  his  dis- 
tracted wife,  died  the  same  night.  His  wife, 
whom  he  married  in  1800,  was  Susan,  daughter 
of  Luke  Wheeler,  mayor  of  Norfolk.  Thus  the 
brave  officer  died,  "as  a  fool  dieth."  It  has  been 
stated,  that,  before  ho  died,  he  rencmnced  the 
principle  of  duelling,  and  cast  himself  ujion  the 
mercy  of  Ciod.  He  was  nuirdered  under  the 
eyes  of  congress,  Avhich,  in  conseipience  of  his 
having  "  died  in  the  violation  of  the  laws  of  Ciod 
and  his  country,"  refused  to  bestow  the  nflUdal 
marks  of  respect  customary  on  the  decease  at 
Washington  of  men  in  high  public  stations.  Yet, 
with  strange  inconsistency,  notwithstanding  the 
laws  of  the  country,  his  murderer  aflerwards  re- 
ceived some  appointment  from  the  government. 
—  Aiialect.  Mag.  I.  502 ;  American  Naval  Biog- 
raphy, 75-93. 

DEEMS,  Adax,  died  at  Parkersburg,  Va., 
Sept.  21,  1850,  aged  102  years. 

DE  FOltEST,  1{i:nj\m"i\,  died  in  New  York 
Sept.  27,  1850.  He  was  of  Huguenot  descent,  an 
eminent  merchant  for  fifty  years.  His  temper 
was  e(inable.  his  death  ])caceful. 

DE  GlCllSTNEJl,  Fu.wci.s  A.  C,  died  at  Phil- 
adeljjhia  April  12,  181G,  aged  41,  a  distinguished 
Austrian  engineer.  He  was  born  at  Prague 
April  17,  17})(),  and  was  for  six  years  professor  of 
practical  geometry  at  Vienna.  He  obtained  a 
charter  for  the  first  railroad  on  the  continent, 
from  IJudweis  to  Lintz,  one  hundred  and  thirty 
miles  long,  completed  in  1832.  In  IS.'it  he  pro- 
])osed  fo  the  llussianemijeror  a  railroad  from  St. 
Petersburg  to  Moscow.  Having  visited  various 
countries,  he  came  to  the  United  Slates  in  1838, 
examining  our  railroads.  He  wrote  a  ])iece  oti 
American  and  Belgian  railroads  in  the  Americau 
almanac,  1810.  He  [jubhshed  practical  nieehau- 
ics,  3  vols. 

D1:GUAND,  Pi;r;u  P.  F.,  a  broker,  died  in 
Boston  Dee.  23,  1855,  aged  about  75.  A  native 
of  Marseilles,  in  order  to  escape  eonscrijition  in 
the  army  he  came  to  Boston  iu  1803.    lie  com- 


Mi 

if';; 

1 

1 

rm 

1 

m 

hhI 

298 


DEIION. 


mcnccd  business  as  a  merchant  in  ISOD.  From 
1819  to  lS;iO  he  puljlished  a  useful  commercial 
paper,  the  Weekly  ]ieport.  In  IMH.'i  he  <levoted 
himself  to  the  business  of  a  stock-broker.  Tiiouf^h 
an  adherent  of  Jefferson  and  Madison,  he  aided 
the  election  of  J.  Q.  Adams,  and  from  tliat  time 
was  a  Avhi^.  As  a  man  of  business  he  was  slvil- 
ful,  energetic,  decisive,  U])riglit,  and  honoraljle. 
He  ac(p]ired  much  ])ro])erty.  The  railroad  and 
other  enterprises  he  earnestly  promoted.  Once, 
in  181(t,  he  in  his  folly  was  en^affed  in  a  duel,  in 
which  no  life  was  lost,  but  he  was  wounded.  He 
was  never  married. 

DEHON,  Thkodohk,  1).  D.,  bishop  of  South 
Carolina,  of  French  descent,  was  born  at  IJoston 
in  177G,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  collof^e  in 
1795.  After  beinf^  a  rector  at  New])ort,  It.  I.,  he 
removed  to  Charleston,  where  he  was  elected 
bishop  in  1812.  Ho  married  in  IHl.'j  Sarah, 
daughter  of  Nathaniel  llussell,  and  died  suddenly 
of  a  malignant  fever,  Aug.  0, 1817,  aged  41.  He 
was  respected  as  a  man  of  talents,  and  beloved 
for  his  amiable  quahties  and  many  virtues.  He 
published  a  discourse  on  the  death  of  Washington ; 
before  a  charitable  society,  1804 ;  a  thanksgiving 
sermon,  18()i3;  a  discourse  to  the  I'hi  Beta  Kappa 
society,  1807;  n  sermon  before  the  Episcopal 
convention  of  the  United  States  ;  sermons  on  con- 
firmation, 1818 ;  ninety  sermons  on  various  sub- 
jects, 2  vols.  8vo.,  1821. 

DE  KAY,  Jamks  E.,  Dr.,  died  in  Oyster  Bay 
Nov.  21,  1851,  aged  59.  Devoted  to  natural 
history,  he  A\Tote  the  zoology  published  in  the 
State  survey  of  New  York. 

DE  LANCEY,  James,  chief  justice  and  Ueuten- 
ant-governor  of  New  York,  died  Aug.  2,  17G0, 
aged  57.  He  was  the  son  of  a  Protestant  emi- 
grant from  Caen,  in  Normandy,  who  fled  from 
persecution  in  France.  Being  sent  to  England 
for  education,  he  entered  the  university  of  Cam- 
bridge about  1725.  He  returned  to  this  country 
in  1729,  and  was  soon,  while  ignorant  of  the  law, 
appointed  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court,  and 
chief  justice  in  1733.  His  industry  made  him  a 
profound  lawyer.  During  the  greater  part  of 
the  administration  of  Clinton,  from  1743  to  1753, 
Mr.  De  Lancey  exerted  a  jiowcrful  influence  on 
the  legislature  in  ojjjiosition  to  the  governor. 
After  the  removal  of  Clinton  and  the  death  of 
Osborn,  he,  as  iicut.-governor,  was  at  the  head  of 
the  government  from  1753  to  1755,  and  also  a 
successor  to  Hardy  from  1757  to  17()().  His 
daughter,  the  wife  of  the  celebrated  Sir  W.  Dra- 
per, died  in  1778.  His  lirother  Oliver,  a  loyalist 
in  the  war,  was  appointed  a  brigadier-general  ui 
1777  and  adjutant-general  in  1783,  and  was  after- 
wards a  member  of  ])arliament.  The  character 
of  De  Lancey  is  described  by  the  author  of  the 
review  of  military  operations  from  1753  to  1750, 
who  represents  him  as  a  man  of  learning  and  tal- 


DENXIE. 

'  ents,  yet  as  an  uni)rinci])l('d  demagogue  and  fm- 
i^hcd  intriguer.  "Ilis  uncommon  vivacity,  with 
the  semblance  of  afl'aljility  and  case,  his  adroit- 
ness at  jest,  with  a  show  of  condescension  to  his 
inferiors,  wonderfidly  facilitated  his  jirogress. 
These  plausible  arts,  together  with  his  influence 
as  chief  justice,  and  a  vast  i)ersonal  estate  at  use, 
all  conspired  to  secure  his  pojiular  triumph." — 
I/i.sf.  Coll.  VII.  7H;  Milla;  II.  250. 
I  DELANO,  rini.ii',  was  an  early  settler  at 
I'lymouth,  in  U)23.  His  name  was  sometimes 
written  De  la  Noye ;  ])rol)ab]y  he  was  a  I'rcnch 
Protestant,  who  joined  the  church  at  Leyden. 

DI'A'ISOX,  Damki,,  major-general,  the  son  of 
Wm.  D.,  of  Caml)ri(lge,  was  born  in  I'.ngland  in 
1013,  and  removed  from  Cambridge  to  I])swich  in 
1034.  He  sustained  various  civil  aiul  military 
offices ;  for  many  years  he  was  an  assistant ;  in 
1049  and  1051  the  sj)eaker  of  the  house,  aiul 
niiijor-gencral  in  10()2.  He  died  Sejit.  20,  1()H2, 
aged  09.  His  wife  was  Patience,  the  daughter  of 
Gov.  Dudley.  His  grandson,  John,  the  sixth 
minister  of  I])swich.  was  ordained  colleague  with 
Mr.  Hubbard  in  1087,  and  died  in  Se])t.,  10iS9, 
leaving  a  widow,  l^lizabcth,  who  married  itoland 
Cotton.  Gen.  D.  was  a  man  of  eminence  and 
religion.  He  wrote  a  treatise,  which  is  annexed 
to  Hubbard's  funeral  sermon,  called  L-enicon,  or 
a  salve  for  New  ]''ngland's  sore,  which  considers 
the  ])ublic  calamities,  the  occasion,  danger,  blam- 
able  causes,  and  cure  of  them.  —  Ilubbanl ;  Far- 
mer. 

DENISOX,  George,  captain,  of  Stonington, 
Conn.,  in  March,  107(),  made  an  iiicursion  into 
the  Narragansett  country,  and  seized  Nanimtenoo, 
the  son  of  Miantunnomu,  and  the  chief  sachem. 
The  savage,  when  offered  his  life  upon  condition 
of  living  in  peace,  uaid,  that  he  chose  to  die,  before 
his  heart  became  soft.  Li  the  year  1070  Denison 
and  his  volunteers  killed  and  took  two  hundred  and 
thirty  of  the  enemy,  without  having  one  man 
either  killed  or  womided. 

DEXLSOX,  Joiix,  the  sixth  minister  of  Ips- 
wich, died  in  Sept.,  1089.  He  was  the  son  of 
John,  and  grandson  of  major-general  D.  j  grad- 
uated in  KJNl,  and  was  ordained  in  1087.  By 
his  wife,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  X.  Saltonstall,  he 
had  one  son.  Col.  John  1 ). 

DEXXH;,  Josici'll,  editor  of  the  Portfolio,  the 
son  of  Josej)h,  a  merchant  in  IJoston,  died  Jan. 
7,  1812,  aged  43.  He  was  born  Aug.  30,  1708, 
and  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1790.  He 
studied  law  at  Charlestown,  X.  II.,  but  was  not 
successful  in  the  jjractlce  at  Walpole,  where  he 
opened  an  oflice.  For  four  months  he  read 
jjrayers  in  a  church  at  Dartmouth.  In  1795  he 
jjublished  in  Boston  the  Tablet,  a  weelily  pa])er  ; 
and  the  Farmer's  ^luseum  at  Wal])ole,  hi  wiiich 
he  inserted  essays  of  some  celebrity,  entitled  the 
Lay  j)reachcr.     Mr.  Pickering, secretary  of  State, 


DENNISON. 


DE  WITT. 


299 


havinf»  appointed  him  one  of  his  clerks,  he  re- 1 
moved  to  lMiil;ideli)hi;i  in  1799.     On  the  dismissal 
of  his  ])atron  he  conducted  the  I'ortfolio,  a  liter- 
ary journal,   commenced   in    IHOO.      Being  de- 
ficient in  industry  and  discretion,  he  destrojcd  , 
his  hodily  constitution  and  his  hojjcs  of  fortune.  I 
i  lis  father,  who  was  deranged  twenty-live  years,  j 
died  in    1811.    With  genius,  taste,  a  line  style, 
and  a  fund  of  literature ;  with  collo(iuial  ])owers  , 
and  other  interesting  qualities,  he  yet  stands  only 
as  a  warning  to  others  against  indolence  and  im- 
prudence. 

DEXXISOX,  Xatil^v,  colonel,  died  in  July. 
1778,  at  fort  Kingston,  in  the  vale  of  Wyoming, 
of  which  he  had  the  command  at  the  defeat  of 
Col.  Z.  Ikitler.  After  the  investment  and  as- 
sault, July  4th,  he  went  the  next  day  with  a  flag 
of  truce  to  John  Butler,  at  fort  E'^-^ter,  and  asked 
the  terms  of  surrender ;  the  reply  was,  "  The 
hatchet."  Such  was  doubtless  liis  fate,  aa  he  was 
com])ellcd  to  surrender  at  discretion. 

DEXXY,  Sajiukl,  colonel,  died  in  Leicester, 
1817,  aged  80.  lie  served  as  an  officer  in  the 
war.     lie  was  a  benefactor  of  Leicester  academy. 

DEXXY,  Thomas,  colonel,  died  at  Leicester 
very  suddenly,  Dec.  o,  1814,  aged  07.  lie  was 
the  son  of  Thomas  Denny,  a  patriot  of  1774,  in 
which  )car  he  died,  who  was  the  son  of  Daniel 
1).,  an  early  settler  of  Leicester,  whose  sister 
married  T.  I'rince,  the  annalist.  Col.  1).,  having 
been  long  engaged  in  mercantile  and  manufac- 
turing business,  was  the  wealtliiest  man  in  Lei- 
coster.  One  of  his  daughters  married  J.  Smith, 
a  benefactor  of  Leicester  academy. 

Dl'^XTOX,  liiciiAUi),  a  minister,  who  came 
from  England,  died  at  Hempstead  about  1G03. 
He  had  been  a  minister  at  Halifax  in  Yorkshire. 
He  first  preached  at  Wethersfield ;  from  1G41  to 
1C44  ho  was  at  Stamford.  He  wrote  what  was 
not  published,  a  system  of  divinity,  considering 
man  in  four  states,  that  of  created  purity,  con- 
trasted deformity,  restored  beauty,  and  celestial 
glory.  — Fanner's  lier/islcr. 

DEPUTY,  Jacoii,  a  black  man,  died  near  Mil- 
ford,  Delaware,  June  6,  1848,  aged  117  years 
and  9  months,  being  born  Aug.  20,  1730,  in 
Sussex  county,  where  he  lived. 

DEUlilGXY,  I'lrrKU,  governor  of  Louisiana, 
died  Oct.  (>,  1829. 

Dl'^UliY,  I'^ZKKiix  Hersioy,  died  in  Salem  Oct, 
31,  1SJ2,  aged  80.  The  son  of  Hasket  I).,  he 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1791,  and  was  in  early 
life  a  merchant,  then  for  thirty-five  years  an 
active,  well-known  agriculturist. 

Di:SAUSSUllE,  Hi:.NUY  W.,  chancellor  of 
Soulh  Carolina,  died  at  Charleston  March  29, 
18.'j9,  aged  7.3.  He  bore  arms  in  defence  of 
Charleston  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  suc- 
ceeded lUttenhouse  as  director  of  the  mint  at 
I'liiladelpliia.    llctuniing  to  Charleston,  he  rose 


B.  lluggles  preceded  him ;  E. 


to  eminence  as  a  lawyer.  Elected  one  of  the 
chancellors  in  IHOH,  he  filled  the  oflice  with  high 
reputation  fo.'  twenty-nine  year^^,  (luring  which 
time  ho  Uved  in  Coluniliia.  I'or  his  talents, 
learning,  moral  virtues,  and  religion  he  was  held 
in  great  regard.  His  equity  reports  were  pub- 
Uslied  in  4  vols. 

DE  SCHWEIXITZ,  Li,wis  ]).,  the  secular 
head  of  the  Moravian  society,  died  at  Bethlehem, 
Pa.,  in  Feb.,  1834,  aged  about  52.  He  was  the 
author  of  several  valuable  works  on  botany. 

DESlIA,lloiii:UT, general, died  in  .MobileFeb., 
1849,  a  hero  hi  the  war  of  1812. 

DEVF.XS,  Ilicu.vni),  was  a  graduate  of  Prince- 
ton hi  1707,  a  tutor  in  1770,  but  lost  the  powers 
of  liis  mind  in  1770.  His  talents  were  indicated 
by  a  paraphrase  of  some  parts  of  the  book  of 
Job  in  jjoetry. 

DEVOL,  Joxatiiax,  an  early  settler  in  Ohio, 
died  near  Marietta  in  1824,  aged  08,  a  native  of 
Tiverton,  I{.  I.  He  was  a  brave  soldier  in  the 
war,  and  an  associate  of  the  Ohio  company  in 
1789.  His  wife  was  Nancy,  daughter  of  Capt. 
Isaac  Barker,  shipmaster  at  Xewport,  It.  I.  Mr. 
D.  built  in  1801  a  ship  at  Marietta  of  400  tons 
for  Mr.  Gihnan. 

DEVOTION,  Ei5i;.\t:zi;u,  minister  of  SufTield, 
cUed  in  1741,  aged  about  o4.  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1707. 
Gay  was  his  successor. 

DEVOTION,  EiiKNiczEK,  minister  in  Windham, 
Scotland  society,  died  in  1771,  aged  about  62. 
He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1732.  He  published 
election  sermons,  1753  and  1777  ;  and  sermon  at 
ordination  of  N.  Huntington,  1750;  and  of  E. 
Huntington,  1702. 

Dl^VOTION,  John,  minister  m  Saybrook, 
Wcstbrook  society,  died  in  1802,  aged  about  04. 
He  graduated  at  Yale  m  1754,  and  was  settled 
m  1758. 

DEWEY,  D.vxiEiv,  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Massachusetts,  died  at  Washington  May 
20,  1815,  aged  49.  A  native  of  Sheffield,  he 
settled  in  Williamstown  in  1790,  and  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  thirteenth  congress.  He  was  appointed 
a  judge  in  1814.  His  son,  Charles  A.  Dewey,  is 
now  a  judge  of  the  same  court.  His  wife,  !Maria, 
the  daughter  of  Judge  David  Noble,  died  in 
ISVS.  —  IMlmid's  ni«tori/,  II.  013. 

DEWEES,  William  1>.,  M.  D.,  died  at  Pliil- 
adelj)hia  ^lay  18,  1841,  aged  74;  formerly  pro- 
fessor of  obstetrics  in  the  university.  Ho  pub- 
Ushed  a  book  on  obstetrics;  also,  practice  of 
medicine. 

DF:  WITT,  BE.NJAMIX,  M.  D.,  a  physician  of 
New  York,  was  appointed  jirofessor  of  medicine 
in  Columbia  college  in  1807,  and  professor  of 
chemistry  in  1808.  He  was  also  health  officer  of 
the  city,  and  died  of  the  yellow  fever  at  the 
quai'autiuc  ground,  Statcu  Island,  Sept.  11,  1819, 


300 


DE  WITT. 


! 


a^cd  l.i.  ]\o  [julilishnd  a  dissortation  on  the 
fllbct  of  oxy;,'(ii,  1707;  an  oration  commcniora- 
tivf  of  the  ])iisoncrs  who  died  in  tin-  ])riHon-.siiiiis 
at  Wallabout,  ISOS  ;  account  of  mincralH  in  New 
York  in  Mem.  of  A.  A.  S.,  vol.  ii. 

])!■:  WITT,  SlsAX,  died  at  I'iiiladeliihia,  while 
on  a  visit,  May  •',  IHlit.  She  was  the  wife  of 
Simeon  ])c  Witt,  of  Ailiany,  and  the  second 
daiiffhter  of  ]lev.  Dr.  IJnn.  She  was  a  woman 
of  Htronf;  intc'llecliial  ])owers,  and  of  elevated 
piety.  Slie  ])ul)lishc'd  a  jjoem,  wliich  has  been 
much  read  and  admired, — The  jilea.surcs  of  reli- 
gion. 

])E  WITT,  John,  I).  D.,  professor  of  biblical 
liistory  in  the  theolofjical  seminary  of  the  Dutch 
IJeformed  church  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  a  na- 
tive of  Catskill,  X.  Y.,  was  ordained  as  colleajruc 
with  Daniel  Collins,  of  Lancsborough,  Mass., 
July  8,  1812,  and  was  dismissed  Dec.  8, 1813,  and 
afterwards  settled  as  the  minister  of  the  second 
lleformcd  Dutch  church  in  .Albany.  He  was  after- 
wards professor  in  the  thcnlo^'ical  seminary,  and 
also  one  of  the  professors  of  Itutj^ers  college  in 
New  Brunswick,  where  he  died  Oct.  12,  1831, 
aged  about  42. —  Hislorij  of  Ikrksli  ire,  380. 

DE  WITT,  SiMKO.x,  died  at  Ithaca  Dec.  3, 1831, 
aged  79.  He  was  surveyor-general  of  New  York, 
skilled  in  astronomy  and  engineering. 

DEXTER,  Giu;ci()KY,a  minister  in  Providence, 
died  at  the  age  of  90.  A  native  of  London,  he 
was  at  first  a  stationer.  He  settled  at  I'rovidence, 
as  pastor  of  the  IJajjtist  church,  in  1G13. 

DEXTEIl,  S.VMLKL,  minister  of  Dedham, 
died  in  \~o6,  aged  ii\.  He  was  the  son  of  caj)- 
tain  and  deacon  John,  of  ^lalden,  who  was  the 
grandson  of  llichard,  of  Maiden  and  Boston. 
He  had  brothers,  John  of  !M.,  and  Dr.  Kichard, 
of  Topsficld,  who  died  in  1783,  aged  70.  lie 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1720.  His  predecessor 
was  Jose])h  Belcher,  a  graduate  of  1090,  who 
died  in  1723.  His  daughter  married  Kcv.  J. 
Haven.  There  was  published,  in  1840,  "Ded- 
ham jjulpit,"  containing  the  sermons  of  six  min- 
isters :  J.  AUin,  W.  Adams,  J.  Belclier,  S.  Dc.xter, 
J.  Haven,  J.  Bates,  and  a  eenteimial  by  E.  Bur- 
gess. This  book  has  two  sermons  by  Mr.  Dex- 
ter.    He  ])ublished  a  century  discourse,  1738. 

DEXTER,  S.VMI'KI,,  a  benefactor  of  Harvard 
college,  was  the  son  of  the  preceding,  and  a  mcr- 
cliant  in  Boston.  In  the  iwlitical  struggles  just 
before  the  Revolution  he  was  repeatedly  elected 
to  the  council,  and  negatived  for  his  jjatriotic  zeal 
by  the  royal  governor.  In  his  last  years  he  was 
deejjly  engaged  in  investigating  the  doctrines  of 
theology.  He  died  at  Mendon  June  10,  1810, 
aged  84.  Eor  the  encouragement  of  biblical 
criticism  he  bequeathed  a  legacy  of  0,000  dollars  to 
Harvard  college.  He  also  bc(iueatlied  40  dollars 
to  a  minister,  whom  he  wished  to  preach  a  funeral 
sermon,  without  muldng  any  mention  of  him  in 


DEXTER. 

the  discourse,  from  the  words,  "  The  things  wliich 
are  seen,  arc  tcmjioral ;  Init  the  things  which  are 
not  seen,  are  eternal."  He  said  in  his  la  t  will; 
"  I  wish  the  ])reachcr  to  exjiostulate  with  his  -ju- 
ditory  on  the  absurdity  of  their  being  cxtrenulv 
assiduous  to  '  lay  uj)  treasures  on  earth,'  while 
they  are  indolent  with  respect  to  their  well-bein" 
hereafter.  To  those  of  so  blamai)le  a  character, 
and  to  such  as  arc  of  a  still  worse,  and  from 
their  vicious  lives  appear  to  be  totally  regardless 
of  the  doctrine  of  a  future  existence,  let  liim  ad- 
dress himself  witli  pious  ardor.  Let  him  entreat 
them  to  pay  a  serious  attention  to  their  most  val- 
uable interests.  Let  him  represent  '  the  summit 
of  earthly  glory  as  ineffably  despicable,  when 
comparatively  estimated  with  an  exemption  from 
the  jjunishment  denounced,  and  the  j)ossession  of 
the  perfect  and  never-ending  felicity  ])romised  in 
the  Scriptures.'"  —  Kendal's I< uueral  Sermon. 

DEXTER,  S.uiUEL,  LL.  1).,  secretary  of  war 
of  the  United  States,  son  of  the  preceding,  died 
May  4,  1810,  aged  o4.  He  was  born  in  1701,  and 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1781.  Havhig 
studied  law  at  A\'orcester  with  Levi  Lincoln,  ho 
soon  rose  to  professional  eminence.  After  being 
for  some  time  a  member  of  the  house  of  repre- 
sentatives in  congress,  he  was  elected  to  the  sen- 
ate. 1  )uring  the  administration  of  John  Adams, 
he  was  appointed  secretary  of  war  in  1800,  and 
secretary  of  the  treasury  in  Jan.,  1801,  and  for  a 
short  time  also  had  the  charge  of  the  department 
of  Slate.  He  was  offered  a  foreign  embassy,  but 
declined  it.  On  the  accession  of  Mr.  Jefferson  to 
the  jiresidency  lie  returned  to  the  practice  of  law. 
In  the  ])rogrcss  of  events  he  thought  he  ob- 
served that  j)olitical  j)arties  were  changing  their 
policy  and  principles.  From  his  old  friends  he 
separated,  and  lent  the  aid  of  Irs  powerful  mind 
in  sujjport  of  the  war  of  1812,  while  they  were 
throwing  obstacles  in  the  way  of  its  prosecution. 
He  maintained  that  they  had  changed,  and  that 
he  was  unchangeable.  In  the  jjractice  of  law  be- 
i'ore  the  supreme  court  at  Washington,  he  stood 
in  the  first  rank  of  advocates.  He  always  at- 
tracted an  audience,  consisting  of  the  beauty, 
taste,  and  learning  of  the  city.  He  was  rcfiuested 
by  Mr.  Madison  in  1815  to  accept  of  a  mission  to 
S])ain,  but  declined  the  a])])ointment.  On  his  re- 
turn from  Washington,  at  the  close  of  Ajiril, 
1810,  he  went  to  Athens,  N.  Y.,  to  attend  the 
nu])tials  of  his  son.  Sonicwiiat  unwell  with  the 
ei)idcmic  jjrcvailing  at  Washington,  he  called  for 
medical  aid  on  Tuesday,  and  died  of  the  scarlet 
fever  Saturday.  His  wife  was  a  sister  of  \Xm. 
Cordon,  of  N.  H.  He  was  tall  and  muscular, 
with  strong  features.  His  enunciation  was  very 
slow  and  distinct,  and  his  tones  monotonous ;  but 
at  times  his  eloquence  was  thrilling.  He  drafted 
the  eloquent  answer  of  the  senate  to  I'residcnt 
Adams'  address  on  the  death  of  Washington. 


DEXTER. 


DICKINSON. 


301 


lie  wriR  cstal)liNhc(l  in  the  belief  of  Christianity. 
A  few  weeks  liefore  liis  deatii  Mr.  Dexter  iiad 
been  tlie  republican  eandidiite  for  f^overiior  in 
MasNaeliusettH,  in  o])])osition  to  Dr.  lirooks,  and 
received  about  47,()0()  and  his  rival  about  ID.OOO 
votes.  He  had  also  been  the  candidate  in  IHIO. 
The  rcpul)licans  had  selected  him,  as  they  said, 
because  "  he  had  l)roken  forth  from  the  lej^ions  of 
rebellion,"  referring  to  his  manly  resistance  to 
the  Hartford  convention,  a  favorite  jiroject  of  the 
jjarty  with  which  he  had  before  been  associated. 
In  his  letter  expressing  his  nccciitance  of  the  in- 
vitation to  be  a  candidate,  he  said :  "  Even-  com- 
bination for  fjcncral  opposition  is  an  offence 
against  the  community."  The  party  struggles 
for  oilice  arc  not  worthy  of  remembrance ;  but 
the  jirinciples,  which  have  a  bearing  on  the  jjublic 
welfare  hereafter,  ought  not  to  bo  forgotten.  In 
the  i)receding  year  ho  expressed  in  his  letter 
from  Washington  his  entire  opposition  to  the  sys- 
tem of  restriction  on  commerce,  as  unconstitu- 
tional, oi)prcssive,  ineffectual,  and  impracticable ; 
and  at  the  same  time  declared  that  he  was  unable 
to  reconcile  some  of  the  leading  measures  of  the 
federalists  in  regard  to  the  war  with  the  funda- 
mental principles  of  civilized  society,  and  the 
duty  of  American  citizens  to  support  the  union 
of  their  country.  He  published  a  letter  on  free- 
masonry ;  progress  of  science,  a  poem,  1780.  — 
Story's  Sketcft  of  Dexter. 

DEXTEll,  J.  S.,  judge,  died  in  Cumberland, 
II.  I.,  June  20,  1844,  aged  90.  lie  served  during 
the  war  and  was  a  major.  He  was  appointed  by 
Washington  supervisor  of  the  revenue  in  Khode 
Island.  In  his  age  he  lived  in  Providence,  his 
native  i)laco. 

DII5BLE,  Sheldon,  missionary  at  the  Sand- 
wich Islands,  died  at  Lahainaluna  Jan.  22,  1845. 
He  graduated  at  Hamilton  college  in  1827,  at 
Auburn  seminary  in  1830,  and  embarked  in  Dec. 
He  visited  the  United  States  in  1837-1840.  His 
wife,  :Maria  M.  Tomlinson,  died  Feb.  20,  1837. 

DICKEIISON,  Maiilon,  governor,  died  in 
Morris  county,  N.  J.,  Oct.  5,  1853,  aged  more 
than  80.  In  1815,  he  was  elected  governor  by  a 
democratic  or  rei)ublican  legislature ;  and  a  sena- 
tor of  the  United  States  from  1817,  for  sixteen 
years.  In  1834,  he  was  secretary  of  the  navy ; 
but  resigned  and  retired  to  jjrivate  life  in  1838. 
lie  was  largely  concerned  in  the  mining  and  man- 
ufacture of  iron  in  Morris  county.  He  was  kind, 
amiable,  and  much  esteemed,  and  was  regarded 
as  a  man  of  sound  judgment  and  a  safe  legis- 
lator. 

DICKINSON,  Jox.VTii.\x,  first  president  of  New- 
Jersey  college,  died  Oct.  7, 1747,  aged  59.  He  was 
born 'in  Hatfield,  Mass.,  April  22,  1G88.  His 
father  was  Ilezekiah  1). ;  his  mother,  being  left  a 
widow,  married  again  and  removed  to  Spring- 
field, and  carefully  educated  her  children.    Ills 


grandfather  was  Nathaniel,  one  of  the  first  set- 
tlers of  Wet  hers  ficli  I,  will)  removed  to  1 1, 'id ley.  He 
was  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  17()(i,  and  within 
one  or  two  years  afterwaids  he  was  settled  the 
minister  of  the  first  Presbyterian  church  in  Eliza- 
bethtown,  New  Jersey.  Of  this  church  he  was 
for  near  forty  years  the  joy  and  glory.  As  a 
friend  of  literature  he  was  also  eminently  useful. 
The  charter  of  the  college  of  New  Jersey,  which 
had  never  yet  been  carried  into  operation,  was 
enlarged  by  Governor  lielcher,  Oct.  22,  1710; 
and  Mr.  Dickinson  was  a])])ointed  ])resident.  The 
institution  commenced  at  I'Uizabethtown,  but  it 
did  not  long  enjoy  the  advantages  of  his  superin- 
tendence, for  it  pleased  God  soon  to  call  him 
away  from  life.  The  first  commencement  was  in 
1748,  when  six  young  men  graduated,  five  of 
whom  became  ministers.  He  left  three  daugh- 
ters, married  to  Jonathan  Sergeant  of  Pruiceton, 
to  John  Cooper,  and  to  llev.  Caleb  Smith  of 
Orange. 

Mr.  Dickinson,  besides  his  other  em])loyments, 
was  a  jiraclising  jihysician,  of  considerable  medi- 
cal reputation.  He  was  a  man  of  learning,  of 
distinguished  talcnt.s,  and  much  celebrated  as  a 
jircacher;  and  he  was  succeeded  in  the  college 
by  men,  who  hold  a  high  re])utation  in  our  coun- 
try; by  Burr,  Edwards,  Davies,  Einley,  and 
Witherspoon.  He  had  a  miiul  formed  for  in- 
quiry ;  he  jjossessed  a  rjuick  jierception  and  an 
accurate  judgment ;  and  to  a  keen  penetration  ho 
united  a  disinterested  attachment  to  truth.  With 
a  natural  turn  for  controversy  he  had  a  ha])])y 
government  of  his  jiassions,  and  ai)horred  the 
perverse  disputings,  so  common  to  men  of  cor- 
rupt minds.  The  eagerness  of  contention  did 
not  extinguish  in  him  the  fervors  of  devotion  and 
brotherly  love.  By  his  good  works  and  exem- 
plary life  he  adorned  the  doctrines  of  grace, 
which  he  advocated  with  zeal.  He  boldly  ap- 
j)eared  in  defence  of  the  great  truths  of  our  most 
holy  religion,  confronting  what  he  considered  as 
error,  and  resisting  every  attack  on  the  Christian 
faith.  He  wished  to  promote  the  interests  of 
practical  godliness,  of  holy  living ;  and  there- 
fore ho  withstood  error  in  every  sha])e,  knowing 
that  it  poisons  the  heart  and  thus  destroys  tho 
very  jjrincijiles  of  virtue.  He  was  an  enemy  to 
that  bhnd  charity,  that  jiolitic  silence,  that  tem- 
porizing moderation,  which  sacrifices  the  truths 
of  God  to  human  fneiidshi|)s,  and  under  color  of 
peace  and  candor  gives  uj)  important  points  of 
gospel  doctrine  to  every  o])poser.  He  knew,  that 
this  temjjer  was  inconsistent  with  the  love  of 
truth,  and  was  usually  connected  with  the  hatred 
of  those  who  engaged  warmly  in  its  su])j)ort. 
He  exjjected  to  be  opposed  and  ridiculed,  if  he 
followed  his  Saviour,  and  jjreached  with  plain- 
ness and  earnestness  the  doctrines  which  are  so 
obnoxious  to  the  corrupt  heart  and  perverted 


302 


DICKIXSOX. 


DICKINSON. 


Ipl 


Hnd(>rstnn(lin{».  Still,  under  jirctcncc  of  zrnl  for 
truth  lie  coiK'cnli'd  no  |i;irly  anirndsily,  no  bif;- 
otry/no  niak'voloncc.  llo  Iiad  ^jcncrous  f-fuli- 
mcnts  with  rc^jard  to  frcodoni  of  incpiiry  and  the 
rifjhts  of  jirivate  judj^incnt  in  niatters  of  con- 
science, not  ajiiirovin;.' sul).scription  lohntnan  tests 
of  orthodoxy.  As  hi  lived  a  di'vout  and  useful 
life  and  was  a  hri^'ht  ornament  to  liis  profession, 
he  died  universally  lamented. 

His  wriiiii;,'s  jiossess  very  considcrahle  merit. 
They  are  desijijned  to  unfold  the  wonderful  method 
of  redemption,  and  to  excite  men  to  that  cheerful 
consecration  of  all  their  talents  to  their  M«ker,  to 
that  careful  avoidance  of  sin  and  pracliee  of  ;^od- 
liness,  which  will  exalt  them  tn  f^lory.  He  pub- 
lished the  reasonableness  of  Christianity,  in  four 
sermons,  Hoston,  1732;  a  funeral  sermon  on 
]luth  I'ierson,  wife  of  Jtev.  John  P.  of  AVood- 
bridf^'c,  IT.'i.'J;  a  sermon  on  the  witness  of  the 
S])irit,  1710;  the  true  Scripture  doctrine  concern- 
in;;;  eternal  election,  original  sin,  grace  in  conver- 
sion, justification  by  faith,  and  the  saint's  jiersc- 
vcrance,  in  five  discourses,  17-11,  in  answer  to  Mr. 
Whitby ;  a  dis])lay  of  God's  sjiecial  grace,  in  a 
familiar  dialogue,  174L';  on  the  nature  and  neces- 
sity of  I'egeneratioii,  with  remarks  on  Dr.  AVater- 
land's  regeneration  stated  and  explained,  1743, 
against  bajitismal  regeneration ;  reflections  upon 
'Sir.  AVetmore's  letter  in  defence  of  Dr.  AVater- 
land's  discourse  on  regeneration,  174;;.  'I'he 
above  works  were  ])nl)lished  in  an  octavo  volume 
at  Kdinburgh  in  17!)3.  President  Dickinson  jiub- 
lislicd  also  a  defence  of  Presbyterian  ordinatinn, 
in  aii.swer  to  a  i)am])hlct,  entitled  a  modest  proof, 
efc,  1724;  the  vanity  of  human  institutions  in 
the  worshij)  of  God,  a  .sermon,  173(i;  a  defence 
of  it  afterwards;  a  second  defence  of  it  against 
the  excejitions  of  John  Beach  in  his  appeal  to 
the  uniirejudlced,  173.S;  this  work  is  entitled,  the 
reasonableness  of  nonconformity  to  the  church  of 
England  in  jioiiit  of  worship;  familiar  letters 
ujion  various  inijiortant  subjects  in  religion,  174.5; 
a  pamphlet  in  favor  of  hifant  baptism,  1740;  a 
vindication  of  God's  sovereign  I'ree  grace;  a 
second  vindication,  etc.,  against  John  Ucach,  to 
which  are  added  brief  reilections  on  Dr.  John- 
son's defence  of  Aristocles'  letter  to  Authades, 
1748;  an  account  of  the  deliverance  of  Kobert 
Barrow,  shipwrecked  among  the  cannibals  of 
Florida.  —  I'icr.i(iii'.-<  Scrm.  on  his  death  ;  Preface 
to  hi.i  Senii.  Edin.  edit.;  Miller, U.  345;  Doug- 
lass; ll.  2S4;  JJrainerd's  Life,  V2'J,  lai ;  Chand- 
ler's Life  of  Johnson,  09  ;  Orecn,  297. 

DICklXSOX,  Jonathan,  chief  justice  of  Penn- 
sylvania, a  Quaker,  came  from  Jamaica,  with  liis 
family,  in  ICOO,  and  was  shijjwrccked  in  the  gulf 
of  Florida.  He  died  in  1722.  He  jiublished  an 
account  of  his  shi])wreck,  entitled,  God's  protect- 
ing jirovidence,  man's  surest  help  and  defence. 

DICKINSON,  Moses,  brother  of  Kev.  Jona- 


than 7).,  died  in  177.S,  aged  R2,  in  the  fiflty-first 
year  of  his  ministry,  lie  was  graduated  at  Yalo 
college  in  1717,  and  in  1727  succeeded  ,Ste])hen 
Buckingham  as  the  minister  of  Xorwalk.  Ho 
was  succeeded  by  AVilliam  Tennent.  The  minis- 
ters  of  Xorwalk  were  Presbyterian  during  112 
years  out  of  202.  Ho  was  a  man  of  a  vigorou.s 
mind,  cheerful,  prudent.  His  widow,  Hannah, 
died  at  Plymouth,  Conn.,  in  1WI3,  aged  OS.  He 
])ublished  an  inquiry  into  the  consecpicnces  of 
Calvinistic  and  Arminian  jirinciples,  in  which  is 
considered  Beach's  rejily  to  J.  Dickinson's  second 
vindication,  17.J0;  election  serm(m,  1755;  answer 
to  AVetmore ;  on  the  death  of  T.  Fitch,  1774. 

I)ICKIXS(;X,  John,  president  of  Delawaio 
and  of  I'ennsylvania,  died  Feb.  15,  1S08,  aged 
75.  He  was  born  in  ^laryland  in  Dec,  1732, 
His  father,  Samuel  D.,  who  soon  after  the  birth 
of  his  son  removed  to  Delaware,  was  chief  justice 
of  the  county  of  Kent,  and  died  July  0,  1700, 
aged  71.  He  studied  law  in  Philadel])hia,  and 
then  three  years  at  the  Temjile  in  London,  and 
on  his  return  engaged  successfully  in  the  jiracticc 
at  Philadelphia.  Of  the  assembly  of  I'ennsylva- 
nia he  was  a  member  in  1704,  and  of  the  general 
congress  in  1705.  In  the  same  year  he  began  to 
write  against  the  measures  of  the  British  govern- 
ment. In  Nov.,  1707,  he  began  to  publish  his 
celebrated  letters  against  the  acts  for  taxation  of 
the  colonies  ;  in  which  writings  he  sujiiiorted  the 
libenies  of  his  country  and  contributed  much 
toward  the  American  llevolution.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  first  Kevolulionary  congress  in 
1774,  and  a  member  in  subsequent  years.  Of 
the  eloquent  and  important  stale  papers  of  that 
jieriod  he  wrote  the  jirincipal :  the  address  to  the 
inhabitants  of  Quebec;  the  first  petition  to  the 
king;  the  address  to  the  armies;  the  second  jieti- 
tion  to  the  king ;  and  the  address  to  the  several 
States.  He  wrote  also,  hi  1774,  the  resolves  and 
instructions  of  the  committee  of  I'ennsylvar.ia. 
In  June,  1770,  he  o]:posed  the  Declaration  of  In- 
dependence, when  the  motion  was  considered  by 
congress,  because  he  doubted  of  the  policy  at  that 
particular  jieriod, "  without  seme  prelusory  trials  of 
our  strength,"  and  before  the  terms  of  confedera- 
tion were  settled,  and  foreign  assistance  made 
certain.  He  had  occasion  afterwards,  in  order  to 
prove  the  sincerity  of  his  attachment  to  his  coun- 
try's liberty,  to  apjical  to  the  fact,  that  within  a 
few  days  after  the  declaration  he  was  the  only 
member  of  congress  who  marched  to  face  the 
enemy.  lie  accompanied  his  regiment  to  Eliza- 
bcthtown  in  July  to  repel  the  invading  enemy, 
and  remained  there  till  the  end  of  the  term  of 
service.  In  Sept.,  he  resigned,  because  two  brig- 
adiers had  been  raised  over  him,  through  the 
same  hostility,  as  he  supposed,  which  ett'ected  his 
removal  from  congress.  He  now  retired  to  Del- 
aware, and   there,  in  the  summer  of  1777,  in 


DICKINSON. 


DICKINSON. 


303 


Capt.  Lewis'  com  jinny  he  sorvcd  as  n  jirivatc  witli ' 
his  muski't  upon  liis  shoiililiT  in  tlic  militia  luovo- 
nicnts  n^aiiist  tlu'  Iliitisli,  wlio  liud  landed  at  the 
head  of  I'Ak.     In  Oct.,  Mr.  M'Kean  ),'avu  him  a 
commission  of  l)i-i;,Mdier-);enei'al.      In    1779,  hy 
unanimous  vote  of  the  ussemlily,  he  was  eleeted  a 
member  of  eoni,'i'ess,  and  in  May  wrote  the  ad- 
dress to  the  States.     In  17.S0,  he  was  elected  liy 
the  county  of  New  Castle  a  nu'mljer  of  the  assem- 
hly;  in  17H1,  he  was  ehosen  jiresident  of  Dela- 
ware, as  successor  of  Ciesar  Ilodney,  i)y  uiuuii- 
mous  vote  of  the  two  houses.    On  commenciiif,' 
his  duties  he  jinblished,  Nov.  1!»,  17H1,  an  exeellenl 
proclamation,  reconimeiulinf^  piety  aiul  virtue  and 
the  enforcement  of  the  laws  in  favor  of  morality. 
In   17'S2  he  was  chosen  president  of  I'ennsylvii- 
nia,  and  remained  in  ollice  from  Nov.,  17iS'_',  till 
Oct.,  17'S.>,  when  he  was  succeeded  l>y  Franklin. 
In  17HS,  he  wrote  nine  letters  with  the  sif,'nature 
of  r'ahius,  in  order  to  ]irom<)te  the  ado];tion  of 
the  constitution  ;  and  with  the  same  si^fuature,  in 
1797,  ho  wrote  fourteen  letters  in  order  to  jiro- 
motc  a  favorable  feeling  toward   France.     His 
last  dny.s  were  spent  in  private  life  at  Wilmington, 
Delaware.     His  wife,  whom  he  uuirried  in  1770, 
was  Mary  Norris  of  I'hiladelijhia.     His  daughter, 
Maria,  married  in  1808  Albinus  C.  Logan.    His 
countenance  and   person  were  fine.      He   filled 
with  abihty  the  various  high  stations  in  which  lie 
was  placed.    He  was  distinguished  by  his  strength 
of  mind,  miscellaneous  knowledge,  and  cultivated 
taste,  which  wore  united  with  an  habitual   elo- 
quence, with  an  elegance  of  manners,  and  a  benig- 
nity, which  made  him  the  delight  aiul  ornament 
of  society.     The  infirmities  of  declining  years  had 
detached  him  long  before  his  death  from  the  i)usy 
scenes  of  life ;  but  in  retirement  his  iiatriotism 
felt  no  abatement.     The  welfare  of  his  country 
was  ever  dear  to  him,  and  he  was  ready  to  make 
any  sacrifices  for  its  promotion.     Unequivocal  in 
his  attachment  to  a  rci)ubliean  government,  he 
invariably  supjiorted,  as  far  as  his  voice  could  have 
influence,  those  men  and  those  measures  which 
he  believed  most  friendly  to  rei)ublican  princijjles. 
lie  was   esteemed   for  his   u])rightness   and  the 
purity  of  his  morals.     From  a  letter,  which  he 
wrote  to  Mrs.  AVarren  of  I'lymoutli,  dated  the 
2Jth  of  the  first  month,  180.5,  it  seems  that  he 
was  a  member  of  the  society  of  Friends.    He 
published   a   sjieech   delivered   in   the   house  of 
assembly  of  I'ennsylviuiia,    1701 1  a  reply  to  a 
sjieech  of  Josejih  Galloway,  170o ;   late  regula- 
tions  respecting  the   colonies  considered,  170 J; 
letters   from   a   farmer  in   I'ennsylvania  to  the 
inhabitants  of  the   British  colonies,   17O7-170H. 
Mr.  Dickinson's  j)olilical  writings  were  collected 
and  published  in  two  volumes,  8vo.  1801.  —  Gor- 
di)ii,  I.  220;   li(tmsaij,U.  ai9;   ]\'(vreii,  1.412; 
Adams'  Leller  to  Dr.  Calkucu  ;  Munl/ili/  Aidliul. 


V.  220;  Xaf.  Int.  III:/.  Feb.  22,  1808;  Marshall, 
IV.  note  at  end  ;  V.  97. 

DICKI.NSON,  I'liii.iMoN,  general,  a  brave 
ollicer  in  the  1  {evolutionary  war,  died  at  his  scat 
near  Trenton,  N.  J.,  Feb.  -I,  1809,  aged  08.  Ho 
took  an  ein'ly  and  an  active  part  in  the  struggle 
with  Cireat  Itritain,  and  hazarded  liis  amj)le  for- 
tune and  his  life  in  estalilisliing  our  indeiiendeiue. 
In  the  memorable  battle  of  .Monmouth,  at  the 
head  of  the  Jersey  militia,  he  exhiliited  the  spirit 
and  gallantry  of  a  soldier  of  liberty.  After  the 
establishment  of  the  jiresent  natioiud  government 
he  was  a  number  of  congress.  In  the  various 
stations,  civil  ami  military,  with  which  lie  was  hon- 
ored, he  disehaiged  his  dut}  with  zeal  and  ability. 
The  last  twelve  or  fifteen  u'ars  of  his  life  were 
s])ent  in  retirement  from  jiublic  concerns.  —  J'hil- 
(idil/iliiii  (hntlli;  Feb.  7,  1809. 

DICKINSON,  Samii-.I,,  general,  a  patriot  of 
the  Uevolni ion,  died  in  Middletown,  Ky.,  in  1817. 

DICKINSON,  Timothy,  minister  oi'  Holliston, 
Mass.,  died  July  0,  1813,  aged  Cj'l.  IJorii  In  Am- 
herst, Mass.,  he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  178ij. 
In  1789  he  was  ordained  the  successor  of  Joshua 
Prentiss,  the  second  pastor  of  IL,  in  whose  day 
occurred  the  fatal  sickness  of  17iVl,  occasioning 
the  death  of  fifty-lhree  persons  in  six  weeks,  out 
of  the  small  jiopulation  of  four  hundred.  Dr. 
l''mmons'  funeral  discourse  was  founded  on  the 
words,  "I  am  now  ready  to  be  ofiered,"  etc.  Mr. 
D.  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Massachusetts 
missionary  society.  He  )iublished  a  sermon  to 
the  missionary  society,  181 1.  —  I'tiiuiplist,  III.  335. 

DICKINSON,  John,  senior,  died  in  Amherst 
Jan.  1,  1800,  aged  92,  a  soldier  at  IJunker  Hill. 

DICKINSON,  I'LINY,  minister  at  AValjiolo, 
N.  H.,  died  in  1834,  aged  07.  He  was  born  in 
Cranby,  and  graduated  at  Dartmouth  ui  1798,  and 
succeeded  T.  Fessenden. 

DICKINSON,  AfSTiN,  died  in  New  York, 
Aug.  10,  1849,  aged  08,  formerly  minister  of  Am- 
herst, Mass.  Horn  in  Amherst,  he  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  in  1813.  His  life  was  one  of  Ciuistian 
enterjirise  and  usefulness.  He  established  the 
Family  Visitor  in  Kichmond,  and  the  National 
Preacher  in  New  York,  in  182G.  I'^or  several 
years  he  i'urnishcd  the  secular  papers  with  reli- 
gious intelligence  with  the  signature  A.  D.  lie 
was  jioor,  but  liiioral  and  generous.  —  N.  Y.  Qb- 
scrrer,  Aug.  18. 

DICKINSON,  S.  N.,  an  aeconiplished  printer, 
died  at  Koxbury  Jan.  10,  1849,  aged  47. 

DICKINSON,  II.  S.  Stouuw,  a  minister  in 
New  York  and  Philadelphia,  died  suddenly  in 
Eduiburgh,  Scolkuid,  Aug.  18,  180G,  aged  32. 
He  was  born  in  Longmeadow,  Mass.,  the  son  of 
Uaxter  Diclunson,  1).  D.,  and  graduated  at  Am- 
herst college  in  1844,  and  at  Union  Theological 
buminary,  N.  Y.,  in  1848.    He  was  four  years 


301 


])1(KMAX. 


l.ODGV.. 


Ijiistorof  the  IIoMstDii  Htrcct  church  iii  X.  Y.,  o'.ul 
lictwccn  two  anil  tlircc  yciir.s  iissistiuit  iiiiiiistcr 
with  Itcv.  AUicit  Kiinics  of  rhihidilpliia.  lie 
wns  a  yoiithl'iil  incaclicr  iit'iioMc  Clnistiiin  aspira- 
tioiiH,  hi;j;li  ciiltiirc,  and  rare  accoiiipllshiru'iits. 

])I(;KMA\,  Thomas,  died  ill  (iricnlidd  Dec.  it, 
1811,  a^i'd  II.  He  was  a  iii'iiilcr.  lit' l)p;,'aii  tlit' 
"  Iiitcllifjfi'iiccr"  at  (■.,  in  17!).'5,  and  jiuldisiicd  it 
fourteen  years,  then  the  "  l''c(lei;dist  "  in  Siiriiif;- 
fleld  IVoii'i  IHim  to  \HU>.  lie  estalih'shcd  a  road- 
iiij;-roon)  in  S. 

DllCSKAl',  .Idirv  lUitM.VM),  liaron,  lieutenant- 
general  in  the  l''reuch  army,  jiroceeded  in  17.),j 
from  Montreal  with  two  thousand  men  nfjainst 
fort  Kdwnrd,  intendiiif^  to  penetrate  to  Albany. 
Gen.  Johnson  was  at  this  time  encamjied  at  tlie 
Kouth  end  of  lake  Geor(,'o.  After  defeating!;  the 
detacliinent  of  Col.  K.  AVilliains,  he  attacked 
Johnson's  eani|),  Sept.  S;  liut  the  roar  of  the  artil- 
lery fri-^htened  away  iiis  Indians  ;  his  troops  were 
routed  ;  and  he  himself  taken  prisoner.  A  soldier 
found  liim  alone,  leaninj,'  on  a  stump,  Iieinj^ 
wounded  in  the  le;,' ;  and,  while  he  was  feeliiifj  for 
his  watch  to  surrender  it,  sujujosin"^  he  was 
searcliiiif;  for  a  jiistol,  poured  a  ehai'fijo  throu";!! 
his  hijj.s.  He  was  conveyed  to  New  York,  where 
Dr.  Jones  attended  him.  Marshall  says  he  was 
mortally  wounded  ;  but  he  lived  some  years.  He 
died  at  Surene  in  France,  Scjit.  8,  1707. — 
Thacher's  Med.  Biog.  'S'll ;  Dwiijht,  HI.  374. 

IJIGGES,  Euw.VRD,  was  governor  of  Virginia 
in  1C5j.  During  his  short  administration,  the 
Indians  defeated  the  Virginians  near  the  falls  of 
Jamestown.  Solicitous  to  promote  the  culture  of 
silk,  he  sent  to  Armenia  for  persons  to  teach  the 
art  of  raising  it. 

DI\;;M()()H,  Robeut,  "  the  rustic  bard,"  died 
at  Windham  in  lS3(j,  aged  7i).  His  poems  and 
letters,  with  his  life,  were  published  in  1828. 

DIXSMOOU.Samiki,,  governor  of  New  Hamp- 
shire, died  at  Keene  ]March  Itj,  183j,  aged  Gi). 
Born  in  Londonderry,  he  was  major-general  of 
the  militia,  judge  of  probate,  and   governor   in 

1831-ih;j;{. 

DIXWIDDIE,  ItoBEliT,  governor  of  Virghiia 
from  1702  to  1758,  died  in  England  Aug.  1, 
1770,  aged  80.  He  was  clerk  to  a  collector  of 
customs  in  the  AVest  Indies,  whose  enormous 
fraud  he  detected  and  cxj)osed  to  the  government. 
For  this  disclosure  he  was  rewarded  by  his  aj)- 
pointment  in  Virginia.  Hut  while  ho  was  gov- 
ernor he  did  not  forget  what  he  had  learned  when 
a  clerk,  fen-  he  trod  in  the  steps  of  his  principal; 
at  least,  he  was  charged  with  a]i])lying  to  his 
own  use  20,000  pounds,  sent  to  defray  the  ex- 
j)enses  of  Virginia  for  the  jniblic  service.  It  was 
during  his  administration,  that  Ikaddock  pro- 
ceeded on  his  expedition  against  the  Indians. 

DIX,  Samuel,  niinister  of  Townsend,  died 


Xov.  12,  1707,  aged  01.  He  gr.idiiatcd  at  Har- 
vard ill  n.'iS,  and  wasordained  .March  1,  17(>1. — 
/•'(iiriir'.i  I'ltiii iiil  Scriiiiiii. 

DIXOX,  .\i.i;.\AMii;ii,  died  in  Xorlh  Carolina, 
in  1811,  leaving  12,000  dollars  for  the  education 
of  poor  children  in  Dublin  county. 

DIXOX,  Xatiian  !•'.,  died  at  Washington  Jan. 
20,  1812,  aged  07,  a  senator  from  Uhode  Island. 
He  was  born  in  I'lainlield,  Conn.,  and  graduated 
at  Providence  in  1700,  and  ])ractised  law  in  11.  1. 

DIX\\'1',1,L,  John,  colonel,  one  of  the  judges 
of  King  Charles  1.,  lied  to  this  country  for  safetv. 
In  KiOl  he  visited  Whalley  and  Gofl'e  at  Hail- 
ley,  and  afterwards  resided  at  Xew  Haven,  with 
the  name  of  John  Davids,  till  his  death,  March 
I  18,  KiSi),  aged81.  He  married  at  Xew  Haven,  and 
left  children.  A  descendant  by  the  female  line,  a 
res])ectable  ])hysician  of  IJoston,  assumed  the 
name  of  John  Dixwell.  Mr.  1).,  of  IJoston, 
erected  a  monument  to  his  memory  over  his 
grave  in  1810.  It  is  copied  in  Itoston  Advertiser, 
Jan.  '.),  I8,j(). 

DIXWELL,  John,  M.  D.,  died  at  lio.ston  in 
18;)t,  aged  00.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
170(),  and  was  vice-president  of  the  Massachusetts 
medical  society. 

DOAXE,  Gkorgf,  U.,  M.  D.,  died  in  Boston 
April  i;j,  1812,  aged  49,  a  man  of  skill,  integrity, 
and  kindness. 

DOAXl'l,  AuGlsTus  SiiiNEY,  M.  D.,  died  on 
Statcn  Island  J-.n.  27,  1852,  aged  44.  He  was 
quarantine  jjhysician  at  X'cw  York.  Born  in  Bos- 
ton, he  was  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1825.  He 
was  the  iiuthor  and  editor  of  various  jirofessional 
works. 

DOBSOX,  Thomas,  a  bookseller  of  ThiladU- 
])hia,  of  the  Caledonian  society,  rejiublished  the 
Encyclopedia  Britainiica,  IS  vols.,  4to.,  1700.  He 
died  March  8,  1823.  He  was  the  author  of  let- 
ters on  the  character  of  the  deity,  and  the  moral 
state  of  man,  2  vols.,  12iho.,  1807,  written  with 
irreligious  freedom. 

DOI),  Ai.iiKUT  D.,  D.  D.,  died  at  Princeton, 
X.  J.,  Xov.  20,  1845,  aged  40,  professor  of  math- 
ematics. Born  in  Mendham,  X.  J.,  he  graduated 
at  Princeton  in  1822,  and  was  chosen  professor  m 
1820.  He  was  a  good  teacher  and  writer,  and  an 
eloquent  preacher. 

DODD,  Sti:i'IIi;\,  jiastor  of  l^ast  Haven,  died 
Feb.  5,  1850,  aged  78.  Born  in  Bloomlield, 
X.  J.,  ho  graduated  at  Union  college.  He  was 
successively  a  niinister  in  Carmel,  N.  Y.,  A\'ater- 
bury.  Conn.,  and  in  I'.ast  Haven  from  1817  to 
1847.     He  ])ubHshed  a  history  of  ]•:.  H.  in  1820. 

DODDllIDGE,  PiiiLir,  a  member  of  congress 
from  Virginia,  died  at  Wasliington  Xov.  10,  1832, 
aged  CO.  He  was  a  man  of  great  ability,  and  an 
eminent  lawyer. 

DODGE,  James,  Dr.,  died  at  Tunis  Oct.  10, 


DODGE. 


DOIISEY. 


305 


mis  Oct.  10, 


tSOO,  nRotl  .34.  While  a  Hkilful  pliysician  in  New  1 
York,  ill  health  Induced  him  to  accept  a  Htation 
ill  the  navy.  AVhile  in  the  Mediterrimean  the 
office  of  consul  at  Tunis  hccamc  vacant,  and  he 
was  a])pointed  charge  dcs  affaires,  lie  had  a 
brilliant  poetical  genius,  and  a  heart  of  humanity 
and  generosity,  as  was  manifested  toward  the 
unhappy  prisoners  at  Algiers. 

])()l)Gl';,NEnEMiAii,  minister  in  New  London, 
died  Jan.  3,  1843,  aged  73. 

DODGE,  David  L.,  died  in  Now  York  April 
23,  \Ho2,  aged  77  ;  an  eminent  merchant,  to  be 
honorably  remembered  for  his  aid  to  the  religious 
and  benevolent  movements  of  his  day.  lie  aided 
in  ff)rming  bible  and  tract  societies.  He  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  jieace  society,  the  first 
meeting  being  lield  in  his  parlor  forty  years  be- 
fore his  death.  On  the  morning  of  his  last  day, 
he  said,  "  I  shall  go  home  to-day."  lie  himself 
joined  in  a  final  song.  —  A,  D.  Smith's  Sermon. 

DODGE,  Asa,  M.  I).,  missionary  in  Syria,  died 
at  Jerusalem  Jan.  28,  1835,  of  the  typhus  fever, 
aged  33.  Bom  in  Newcastle,  a  graduate  of 
liowdoin  college  in  1827,  he  arrived  at  Beirut  in 
1833,  and  went  to  Jerusalem  in  1834.  His  wife 
was  Martha  W.  Merrill  of  Portland. 

DAGGEIT,  Simeon,  minister  of  Raynham, 
died  March  20,  1852,  aged  87.  He  published  a 
sermon  on  the  way  to  eternal  life,  1796 ;  at  funeral 
of  U.  George,  1827. 

DOLE,  Aunt  Betty,  a  black,  died  in  Troy 
Jan.  22,  1842,  supposed  to  be  135  years  old.  She 
was  kidnapped  in  Africa  at  the  ago  of  fifteen. 

DOLE,  Nathan,  died  at  Brewer,  Me.,  in  July, 
1855.  A  graduate  of  Bowdoin  in  1836,  he  was 
some  years  a  minister  in  Brewer.  He  had  edited 
the  Journal  of  Missions  and  Youth's  Dayspring, 
a  few  years,  at  the  rooms  of  the  American  board 
in  Boston. 

])ONALDSON,  William,  M.  D.,  died  at  Bal- 
timore Jan.  13,  1835,  aged  58 ;  a  distinguished 
physician. 

bONGAN,  Thomas,  governor  of  New  York 
from  1683  to  1688,  afterwards  earl  of  Limerick, 
succeeded  Brockholst,  and  was  succeeded  by 
Nicholson.  He  was  highly  respected  as  a  gov- 
ernor, being  upright,  discreet,  and  accomplished 
in  manners.  He  ordered  an  assembly  to  be  con- 
vened by  election,  a  privilege  which  the  people 
had  not  before  enjoyed.  Yet  he  unjustly  fell 
under  the  displeasure  of  his  sovereign. 

DONNISON,  William,  died  at  Boston  Jan. 
21,  1834.  He  was  adjutant  in  the  Kevolutionary 
war,  and  adjutant  and  inspector-general  from  1788 
to  1813  ;  also,  judge  of  the  common  pleas. 

DOOLITTLE,  Rev.  Benjamin,  first  minister  of 

Northfield,  Mass.,  was  the  grandson  of  Abraham 

D.,  who  died  at  Wallingford  Aug.  11, 1690,  aged 

70.    He  was  bom  July  10,  1695,  graduated  at 

39 


Yale  in  1716,  was  ordained  in  1718,  and  died  very 
suddenly  Jan.  0,  17  Id.  At  the  time  of  his  set- 
tlement there  were  thirty-five  families.  lie  prac- 
tised as  a  ])hysieian.  His  successor  was  J  Ilub- 
bard.     His  funeral  sermon  was  l)y  J.  A  of 

Deerfield.  He  publi>hrd  an  inquiry  into  ^  .thu- 
siasm,  and  a  narrative  of  the  mischief  by  tho 
French  and  Indians  from  1744  to  1748.  —  Hol- 
land, 408. 

DOOLITTLE,  Joel,  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Vermont,  descended  from  Abraham  D., 
was  the  son  of  Titus  D.,  of  Weslficld,  and  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  in  1799.  He  settled  in  Middleburj-, 
Vt.,  and  was  a  member  of  tho  corporation  of  tho 
college.     He  died  March  9,  1841,  aged  67. 

DOOLITTLE,  Mark,  l)rother  of  the  preceding, 
died  at  Belchertown,  Mass.,  Nov.  7,  1855,  aged 
73  years.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Yale  in  1804, 
and  settled  in  1812  as  a  lawyer  ot  B,  Ho 
was  a  senator;  and  for  many  years  an  active 
and  consistent  member  of  the  church,  highly 
respected.  He  published  a  history  of  the  Congre- 
gational church  of  B  ;  and  address  to  agricultural 
society,  1826. 

DORR,  Edward,  minister  of  Hartford,  died  in 
1772.  A  graduate  of  Yale  in  1742,  ho  jjublished 
a  sermon  on  the  death  of  I).  Edwards,  1705. 

DORR,  Samuel  C,  of  Lyme,  Conn.,  died  in 
London  in  1794.  He  invented  shearing  ma- 
chines. 

DORR,  Thomas  W.,  famous  as  a  rebel  in  the 
history  of  Rhode  Island,  was  born  in  Providence, 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1823,  and  died  Dec.  27, 
1854,  aged  49.  He  studied  law  with  Chancellor 
Kent,  and  was  a  literary  man.  His  political  life 
began  in  1834.  For  his  daring  insurrectionary 
movements  in  reference  to  a  new  constitution  of 
the  State,  he  was  tried  for  treason  and  sentenced 
to  imprisonment  for  life.  After  one  year  he  was 
released:  his  sentence  was  annulled  by  act  of 
the  legislature  in  1853.  In  liis  illness  he  joined 
the  Episcopal  church. 

DORRANCE,  Benjamin,  colonel,  died  in 
Kingston,  Wyoming  Valley,  in  Aug.,  1837,  aged 
70.  His  father.  Col.  George  D.,  who  emigrated 
from  Windham  county,  was  slain  in  an  Indian 
battle,  aged  45.  He  left  sons.  Col.  Charles,  and 
Rev.  John  D.,  pastor  of  Wilkesbarre. 

DORRANCE,  Gordon,  minister  nearly  forty 
years  of  Windsor,  Mass.,  died  in  Attica,  N.  Y., 
at  the  house  of  his  son  Dr.  Gardiner  D.,  May  18, 
1846,  aged  80.  Bora  in  Sterling,  Conn.,  he  grad- 
uated at  Dartmouth  in  1786. 

DORSE Y,  John  Syno,  M.  D.,  professor  of 
anatomy,  was  the  son  of  Leonard  D.,  and  grand- 
son of  Edmund  Physick.  He  was  born  in  Phila- 
delphia Dec.  23,  1783.  He  early  studied  physic 
with  his  relative.  Dr.  Physick,  and  was  doctor  of 
medicine  at  the  age  of  eighteen.    He  afterwards 


306 


D'OSSOLI. 


DOW. 


llfF 


f  ,, 


viHitcd  Englnnd  and  France,  for  his  improvommt 
in  medical  Nticnce,  rclurninfj  Iionie  in  Dec,  IHOl. 
In  18((7  111;  wiiH  elected  ndjuiut  jirdfessor  of  sur- 
jfcry  with  Dr.  I'hyttiek  at  I'liihuh-ljiliia,  and  on  the 
death  of  Dr.  Wistar,  was  chosen  jjrofessor  of 
onntomy.  lie  now  had  nttaiiied  n  hi'i;,'lit  most 
gratifjinj;  to  his  amliition;  hut  Providence  had 
ficlected  him  to  teach  a  Haliitary  lesson  on  the 
prccariouR  tenure  of  life,  and  the  importance  of 
bcinjf  always  ])re])ared  for  death.  On  the  cve- 
ninjf  of  the  day  in  which  he  pronounced  his 
eloquent  hitroductory  lecture  lie  was  attacked 
with  a  fever,  and  in  a  week  died,  Nov.  12,  IrtlH, 
aged  35.  AVhen  hy  his  express  commanil  he  was 
informed  of  his  slate,  and.  apprised  of  his  certain 
death,  he  was  resigned  to  the  will  of  heaven.  As 
a  Christian  he  had  jjractiscd  the  duties  of  reli- 
gion. With  fervor  he  reiterated  his  confidence 
in  the  atonement  of  his  Saviour.  He  was  thus 
Bustained  in  an  hour  when,  on  the  hed  of  death, 
the  proud  warrior  would  shudder  in  thinkin'^  of 
the  destinies  of  eternity.  As  a  surgeon  he  Avas  al- 
most unrivalled.  Uesides  papers  for  the  ])criodical 
journols  and  an  edition  of  Cooj)er's  surgery  with 
notes,  ho  jjublished  elements  of  surgery,  2  vols., 
1813,  deemed  the  best  work  extant  on  the  sub- 
ject. —  T/iacher's  Med.  Diog. 

D'OSSOLI,  Sahaii  Margaret  Fuller,  died 
July  22,  18o0,  aged  40,  drowned  off  Fire  Island 
with  her  husband  and  child  in  the  wreck  of  the 
bark,  in  which  she  was  sailing  for  New  York. 
She  was  the  sister  of  Timothy  F.,  of  Massachu- 
setts, and  married  in  Italy  the  Count  D'Ossoli. 
She  was  a  literary  lady,  and  wrote  for  the  Dial 
and  published  a  summer  on  the  lakes,  woman  in 
the  nineteenth  centurj-,  papers  on  literature  and 
art.  She  was  the  foreign  corresj)ondent  of  the 
Tribune.     Her  memoirs  have  been  published. 

DOTY,  Mrs.,  wife  of  Elihu  D.,  missionary  at 
Amoy  in  China,  died  Oct.  5,  184i3,  aged  38,  five 
days  after  Mrs.  Pohlman.  Her  name  was  Clar- 
issa Ackley  of  Washington,  Conn.  She  embarked 
for  Hatavia  in  183(5.  The  fiuth,  which  she  pro- 
fessed at  the  age  of  13,  was  her  suj)port  in  the 
hour  of  death. 

DOUGHERTY,  JIicilel,  remarkable  for  lon- 
gevity, died  at  his  plantation  on  Horse  Creek,  in 
Scriven  county,  Georgia,  'Slay  29,  1808,  aged  135 
years.  lie  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  that 
State.  The  day  before  he  died  he  walked  two 
miles. 

DOUGLASS,  WiLLLVM,  M.  D.,  a  physician  in 
Boston,  died  Oct.  21,  1752.  He  was  a  native  of 
East  Lothian  in  Scotland,  of  no  mean  jjarentage. 
After  being  educated  for  his  profession,  jiartly  at 
Paris  and  partly  at  Leyden,  he  came  to  this  country 
in  171G,  and,  after  visiting  Gen.  Douglass,  governor 
of  St.  Kitts,  settled  at  IJoston  in  1718.  Having 
letters  to  Cotton  Mather,  ho  i)ut  into  his  hands 
those  numbers  of  the  philosopliical  transactions 


which  gave  on  account  of  the  inoculation  for  the 
small  pox  ;  and  this  benevolent  minister  commu- 
nicated the  inl<'lligence  to  Dr.  IloNl.stcn,  and  per- 
suaded him  to  introduce  the  ])ractire,  wishing  him 
to  coniiiiunicate  the  project  to  other  phvp-'iciaiis. 
.\s  Dr.  Douglass  ri'ceived  no  notice,  he  indig- 
nantly ojiposed  the  practice.  Dr.  Timelier 
erroneously  states,  that  Mather  communicated 
the  work  of  Tinioiii  to  Douglas.  In  the  epidemic 
sore  throat  he  made  a  free  use  of  mercury,  lie 
was  a  skilful  iihysician.  His  prejudices  were  very 
strong,  and  in  his  language  he  was  fre(iuciitly 
intem])eiate.  His  notions  of  religion  were  very 
loose.  In  his  history  of  the  American  colonies, 
he  is  often  incorrect,  and  it  was  his  foible  to  meas- 
ure the  worth  of  men  by  his  ])ersonal  friendship 
for  them.  A  town  of  Massachusetts,  of  which  he 
was  a  ])roprietor  and  benefactor,  bears  his  name. 
He  i)ublislied  the  inoculatiim  of  the  small  |)ox, 
as  practised  in  IJoston,  1722;  the  abuses  and 
scandals  of  some  late  jmmphlets  in  favor  of  inoc- 
ulation, 1722;  a  practical  essay  concerning  the 
small  i)ox,  containing  the  history,  etc.,  1730;  a 
practical  history  of  a  new  erujitive,  miliaiy  fever, 
with  an  angina  ulcuscnlosa,  which  i)revailcd  ii< 
Doston  in  1735  and  1730,  12mo.  1730;  a  sum- 
mary, historical  and  political,  of  the  first  planting, 
])rogressive  im))rovements,  and  ])resent  state  of 
the  British  settlements  in  North  America,  the  first 
volume  1740,  the  second  1753;  an  edit.  1755. — 
Siimmanj,  11.  409;  Ihttrhinson,  II.  80;  Hist. 
Coll.  L\.  40;  Whitney's  Hint.  Worcester,  203; 
American  Museum,  ill.  53;  IMmcs. 

DOUGLASS,  D.uiD  B.,  LJ,.  I).,  died  m  Ge- 
neva, N.  Y.,  Oct.  .^S,  1849,  agcl  50,  professor  of 
mathematics.  Graduating  at  Yolc  In  1813,  he 
joined  the  army  and  fought  in  various  battles. 
After  the  war  he  was  connected  with  West  Point 
until  1830,  and  then  was  often  consulted  as  a  civil 
engineer.  lie  jirepared  the  ])lans  of  the  Croton 
aqueduct.  In  1840  Major  D.  was  president  of 
Kcnyon  college  in  Ohio.  He  was  a  man  of  worth 
and  piety. 

D0^^^  Lore-VZO,  an  eccentric  and  celebrated 
Methodi^it  mini' ler,  died  at  Georgetown,  Feb.  2, 
1834.  He  was  a  native  of  Coventry,  Conn.,  born 
in  1777.  In  his  course  of  thirty  years'  preaching 
he  travelled  over  luigland  and  Ireland  and  visited 
many  ])arts  of  the  United  btatcs.  Few  ministers 
have  ])reachcd  oftener  than  he. 

DOW,  D.VMicL,  D.  ]).,  died  in  Thom])son, 
Conn.,  July  19,  1849,  aged  about  78,  in  the  fifty- 
eighth  of  his  ministry.  A  graduate  of  Yale  in 
1793,  he  was  ordained  in  1796.  A  pond  in  his 
town  —  the  residence  of  the  Nipmuck  Indians — 
they  called  Chargoggagoggmanchogaggogg.  His 
death  was  sudden.  After  j)reaching  a  funeral  ser- 
mon he  returned  home,  and  in  a  few  minutes  was 
dead.  Hiram  Ketchum  of  N.  Y.  married  his 
daughter.    He  preached  twenty  years  without 


DOWNING. 


DRAKE. 


notM.    Tip  pulilishc'd  IfttcrH  to  John  Shrrmnn, ' 
ISIHl;  on  llic  covcimiits,  IHII;  on   free  miisonry, 
lS'_'!)j   Bi'vi-ral  on   liintnil   and  onlinution  oeca- 
iiions. 

DOWXIXCJ,  A.  J.,  (lied  July  2«,  1S.J2,  n^cd , 
37,  lost  in  till-  stoanicr  llciirv  Clay.  He  livfd 
in  Xt'wl)nr;,'li.  lie  was  a  iandH(a]>t  f,'ard(ncr,  and 
vas  very  skiilid  in  rural  arcliili'i'lurc.  .Vs  a  wri- 
ter on  liorlic'ultnre  he  was  une(inalled.  lie  noiily 
lost  iiis  life  in  savinj;  others.  Tliree  times  lie 
Rwani  I'roni  tliu  wreek  to  the  shore,  liearinj;  u 
friend  wilii  himi  in  the  fourth  nttemjit  he  was  | 
tlrafjfjcd  down  l)y  many  seekinj;  his  aid.  I 

])()WXi;U,  Avi;uv,  Dr.,  died  at  Preston  July  | 
1.5,  IHJl,  afjed  01,  the  last  survivor  of  the  battle 
of   fort   Griswold.      His  father.  Dr.  Joshua  l).,j 
was  also  present,  and  assisted  in  dressing  the 
wounded. 

DOWXES,  Joiix,  commodore,  died  in  Charles- 
town  Aug.  11,  IHol,  aged  09.  lie  had  been  in 
tica  service  twenty-four  years.  A  native  of  Can- 
ton, Mass.,  he  entered  tlie  navy  in  1802.  In  the 
frigate  Potomac  he  l)oml)arded  the  ])iratical  town 
of  Quallah  liattoo  on  the  coast  of  Sumatra.  I  lis 
senior  post-captains  were  Steward  and  Morris  ut 
the  time  of  his  death. 

])()WXING,  Okohgi:,  of  the  first  class  of  Har- 
vard college,  died  in  1081,  aged  about  02.  He 
graduated  in  10-12.  T.  Woodbridge,  whose  name 
is  the  only  one  in  the  catalogue  standing  before 
his,  died  in  the  same  year.  He  went  to  England, 
and  was  a  preaclicr  among  the  Independents  and  a 
chaplain  in  the  army  of  Cromwell,  who  Fcnt  him 
as  his  agent  to  Holland.  Eliot  says,  he  was  ready 
to  serve  any  master  and  to  conmiit  any  act  of 
treachery.  Charles  II.  continued  him  as  his  agent 
and  made  him  a  knight.  About  1072  ho  was 
im])risoned  j  but  wos  again  received  into  favor. 
Hutchinson  regarded  him  as  n  friend  of  New 
I'higland.  Sir  George  D.  corresi)onded  with 
liis  l)rother-in-law.  Gov.  Ijradstrcet.  —  Eliot. 

DOWSE,  Thomas,  died  in  Cambridge,  Ma.ss., 
November  4,  18J0,  aged  84  years.  He  had  no 
education  except  in  a  common  town  Kchool,  and 
he  toiled  during  his  life  in  a  mechanical  trade; 
yet  he  acijuired  a  literary  taste,  and  the  means  of 
gralil'ying  it  by  the  purchase  of  books,  with  the 
con!  cuts  of  which  he  made  himself  acquainted. 
Inst  ul  of  wasting  the  fruits  of  his  daily  industry 
in  low  and  degrading  indulgence,  he  laid  up 
money,  and  sjient  much  of  it  in  forming  a  library, 
rich  ill  the  treasures  of  .science  and  literature.  It 
amounted  at  lai  t  to  five  thousand  volumes,  all  of 
which  were  in  beautiful  and  some  in  sujicrb  bind- 
ing. For  years  strangers  were  accustomed  to 
resort  to  his  house  in  order  to  see  his  fine  library. 
At  last,  in  his  old  age,  he  determined  to  place  it 
in  a  public  institution,  where  it  would  be  pre- 
served with  care,  and  be  useful  for  ages ;  he, 
therei'ore,  three  mouths  before  his  death,  presented 


it  to  the  ^Ias.■■arhu^(■U'^  hi'torieal  !•  iv-  Tlio 
insurance  npcm  it  of  20.0(i(»  dullars  show*  ihut 
tiie  tsliniati'd  value  of  liie  books  x,  is  feydud  that 
sum.  The  remarks  of  Uoliert  C,  Winihrop,  the 
president  of  the  soeicly,  and  of  Edward  Everett, 
on  the  occaion  of  this  unp.iralliled  di)n;i!ion, 
were  printed  in  the  lloston  .Vdvi  rliser  of  .\ug.  0, 
IM.",(i.  It  was  resolved  by  tiie  society,  tluil  the 
library  be  phiciil  in  a  room  by  i  sell',  to  be  known 
as  the  Dowse  lilirary  of  llu'  Ma-sachu'-elts 
historical  society.  A  sjiacious  apartment  wa» 
immediately  prejared  for  the  iiin'jjose,  in  the 
society's  va!nal)le  building,  adjoining  the  Cha])el 
eenu'lery  in  lioston.  The  juneha'e  of  tliis  build- 
ing, the  ac(piisition  of  lliese  books,  and  the  be- 
(piest  by  Samuel  Applclon  of  lO.OdO  dollars  for 
a  pul)lication  fund,  are  memorable  events  in  tlio 
recent  history  of  this  Moeiely.  Already  the  vol- 
umes of  its  collections  which  have  been  published 
are  thirty-one  in  nunilier.  Hereafter,  it  h  to  bo 
hoped,  new  volmnes  of  I.isloriial  research  will  be 
issued  still  more  rapidly.  .\nd,  so  long  as  this 
imjiortanl  instilution  of  Ma.-.sacluiselts  shall  exist, 
so  long  will  the  name  of  .Mr.  Dowse  be  remem- 
bered with  honor.  All  young  men,  who  set  out 
in  poverty,  and  who,  by  (iml's  I)lessing  on  their 
industry  and  ])nidencc,ac(piireeomi)arative  wealth, 
may  not  Ijc  a!)le  to  do  a  work  of  such  prominent 
and  memorable  service  to  thejiublic;  but  they 
may  all  do  what  is  still  more  jjraiseworthj',  if 
they  have  as  many  years  in  which  to  do  their 
work  :  they  may  daily  suijjily  the  wants  of  tho 
l)oor  and  sud'ering ;  they  may  cause  the  widow's 
lieart  to  sing  for  joy  ;  they  may  aid  the  numerous 
societies  of  charily  around  them ;  and  they  may 
jironiote  the  ditlusion  of  God's  heavenly  light,  by 
lielping  to  send  the  IJook  of  books  to  the  yet  un- 
taught millions  of  the  human  fiunily. 

DRAKE,  JosKi'ii,  colonel,  died  in  New  Haven 
Sept.  11,  1830,  aged  09. 

DRAKE,  Josi-.i'ii  R.,  M.  D.,  died  in  New  York 
HI  1820,  aged  only  25.  He  wrote  a  poem,  the 
culi)rit  fay. 

DRAKE,  D-VMEL,  M.  D.,  died  Nov.  5,  1852, 
at  Cinenniati,  aged  07.  He  was  born  at  Plain- 
field,  N.  J.,  Oct.  20,  1780 :  in  his  early  life  his 
father,  Isaac,  the  son  of  Nathaniel,  removed  to 
Kentucky.  At  the  age  of  15  he  went  to  Cincin- 
nati to  study  medicine,  a  few  cabins  then  consti- 
tuting the  queen  city  of  the  west.  Through  a 
wilderness  of  nearly  a  thousand  miles  he  went  to 
Philadelphia  in  order  to  attend  the  medical  lectures 
of  1  )r.  Rush ;  at  the  end  of  one  course,  though 
an  Attendance  on  two  courses  was  required,  he 
asked  for  a  rigid  examination,  and  obtained  his 
degree.  lie  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  medi- 
cal college  of  Ohio  in  1819,  and  one  of  its  pro- 
fessors, also  a  professor  in  the  Lexington  and 
Louisville  school.-.  In  1827  he  advocated  the 
temperance  panciple.    The  first  Episcopal  church 


308 


Dlt^VTER. 


nt  r,  waN  or;(ani»'(l  at  \m  hoimc  in  W'l,  tliou^'h 
lie  did  nut  lii'CDiiii'  It  ciiniliiiiiiidilit  until  IMO, 
Ix'iii;^  II  low  cliiirclitniui.  He  linirricd,  in  IHOli, 
lliirrii't  Li>-<(in,  ii  niece  of  (irn.  Miin.stlcid,  and 
liM'd  with  her  in  iicrfcct  coniHiliiiil  Inipiiiinss 
twenty  )ciiiH.  He  lell  three  cliildreti  with  I'aini- 
lioH,  lleMJiiniin  I).,  (if  Cineinniiti,  an  nutiiur,  waN 
hin  hroilier.  He  died  (if  n  congestion  of  the 
lirain.  lie  pnliiished  sketehcM  "f  Ciiicinimti,  INK); 
nccount  of  ('inciiiimti,  and  tl'c  Miami  country, 
1HI,».  The  Western  journal  of  medical  and 
phyNical  scienccN  was  edited  liy  him.  Hin  hiNt 
work  was  a  treatise  on  the  dist'imoH  and  climut- 
olo;,'y  of  the  iMississijipi  valley. 

JJllAl'I'.K,  l{i(  iiAiii),  died  in  Jime,  1775,  o^'cd 
41.  ]lis  father,  .lohn  !>.,  succcediil  Ii.  (ireen  in 
|)ulili.shinf,'  the  liostou  Weekly  News-Letter,  the 
ih'Ht  pulilication  of  the  kind  in  this  country.  This 
])aper  was  continued  by  Jtichard  Draper,  who  also 
jmhllhhed  the  Massachusetts  (iazetteer. 

])ll.VYT().\,  Wn.i.iAM,  LL.  1).,  judffe  of  llie 
federal  court  for  the  district  of  South  Carolina, 
died  in  June,  17!)0,  lifted  o~.  ]Ie  was  a  native  of 
that  ])rovince.  About  the  year  1717  he  was 
j)lace(l  under  Thonuis  C'orbett,  an  eminent  lawyer. 
In  17.J()  he  accompanied  that  fjendeman  to  Lon- 
don, and  entered  into  the  .^liddle  Temple,  where 
he  continued  till  I' 'A,  at  which  time  he  returned 
to  his  native  country.  Thoitf^h  his  abilities  were 
coiylesRcdly  fjrcat,  ho  soon  (piittcd  the  bar,  from 
disinclination  to  the  ])ractice  of  the  law  j  but 
about  the  year  17CH  he  was  n])poiiited  chief  jus- 
tice iu  the  ))rovinco  of  ICast  Florida.  When  the 
llevolution  commenced  in  177/3,  he  fell  under  the 
suspicion  of  the  governor,  and  was  Riispended  by 
him.  He  however  went  to  England,  and  was 
reinstated!  but  (m  his  return  to  St.  Augustine 
was  again  susj)ended  by  Governor  Tonyn.  In 
consequence  of  this  he  took  his  family  with  him 
to  England  in  1778  or  1770,  in  the  hoi)c  of  ob- 
taining redress,  but  the  distracted  situation  of 
affairs  in  America  prevented  him  from  effecting 
liis  purjjose.  Soon  aller  his  return  to  America  he 
was  appohited  Judge  of  the  admiralty  coiu't  of 
South  Carolina.  In  March,  1789,  he  was  qji- 
pointcd  associate  justice  of  the  State,  but  he 
resigned  this  office  in  (Jet.  following,  when  he  was 
made  a  judge  under  the  federal  government.  — 
Jlardie's  Bin;/.  Did. ;  American  Mmeum,  viii.  82. 
DKAYT(^X,  WiLLl.\M  IIi:nuy,  a  jjolitical  wri- 
ter, died  in  Sept.,  1770,  aged  JJO.  He  was  a  native 
of  South  Carolina.  From  1703  to  17G4  he  studied 
at  Westminster  and  O.xford.  In  1771  he  was 
appohited  a  judge.  He  was  one  of  his  majesty's 
justices  when  they  made  their  last  circuit  in  the 
spring  of  177,3,  and  the  only  one  born  in  Amer- 
ica. In  his  charge  to  the  grand  jury  he  inculcated 
the  same  sentiments  in  favor  of  liberty  wliich 
were  patronL:ed  by  the  iiojjular  leaders.  Soon 
dfterwards  he  was  elected  prebideut  of  the  pro- 


DIIIXKEU. 

vincini  congrcsH,  and  devoted  Iuh  groat  nbiliticii 
with  unciimmon  zeal  for  the  support  of  the  meaH. 
iircs  adopted  by  his  native  cuunlry.  llefore  the 
next  circuit  his  colleagues  were  advertised  iim 
inimical  to  tlie  liberties  of  .America;  and  March, 
177(1,  he  was  appointed  chief  justice  by  the 
voice  of  his  country.  He  died  suddenly  in  I'hil- 
adelphia,  while  attending  his  duty  in  congreNN, 
ti''  was  a  statesman  of  great  decision  and  enirgv, 
and  one  of  the  ablest  political  writers  of  Carolina. 
in  1771  he  wrote  a  pamphlet,  addressed  to  the 
.Vmerican  congress,  under  the  signature  of  a  free- 
man, in  which  he  stated  the  grieviuices  of  Amer- 
ica, and  drew  up  a  bill  of  American  rights.  He 
published  his  charge  to  the  grand  jury  in  A)iril, 
177(),  which  breathes  all  the  spirit  and  energy  of 
the  mind,  which  knows  the  value  of  freedom  and 
is  delermined  to  supjiort  it.  Kamsay  in  his  history 
has  ]aiblishe(l  this  charge  entire.  His  speech  in 
the  general  assemlily  of  South  Carolina,  on  the 
articles  of  the  confederation,  was  jiublislied  in 
177N.  Several  other  productions  of  his  pen 
ajipeared,  exj)laining  the  injured  rights  of  his 
country,  and  encouraging  his  fellow  citizens  to 
vindicate  them.  He  also  wrote  a  history  of  the 
American  Kevolution,  brought  down  to  the  end 
of  the  year  177N,  in  three  large  volumes,  which 
he  intended  to  correct  and  ])ul>lish,  but  was  ])re- 
vented  by  his  death.  It  was  published  by  his  son 
in  l.S'_'l.  He  was  once  challenged  by  Gen.  J^ee, 
in  consequence  of  his  censure  in  congress  on  the 
general's  conduct  at  the  battle  of  Monmouth  ; 
but  he  had  the  courage  and  the  conscience  to 
decline  the  combat,  and  assigned  his  reasons.  — 
Millii;  II.  .'iNO  ;  liawnai/'ii  Jtei:  Huutk  Carolina 
1.07,  91,  103  J  Hist.  South  Carolina,  II.  454  i 
E/iryc.  Americana. 

DllAYTON,  John,  only  son  of  the  preceding, 
governor  of  South  Carolina  from  1800  to  1S(»2, 
and  from  1808  to  1810,  succeeded  in  that  office  l]. 
Hut  ledge  and  C.  I'inckney,  and  was  succeeded  Ijy 
J.  U.  Itichardson  and  II.  Middleton.  At  the  time 
of  his  death  he  was  district  judge  of  the  United 
States.  He  died  at  Charleston  Nov.  27,  1822, 
aged  (iO.  The  historical  materials,  collected  by 
liis  fatlier.  were  by  him  revised  and  published 
with  the  title  of  memoirs  of  the  American  Kevo- 
lution from  its  commencement  to  the  year  177G, 
inclusive,  as  relating  to  the  State  of  South  Caro- 
lina, etc.,  2  vols.  8vo.  1821.  He  had  previously 
jjublished  view  of  South  Carolina,  8vo.  1802. 

DKAYTON,  WiLLUM,  a  distinguished  member 
of  congress  from  South  Carolina,  died  at  I'liila- 
delpliia  May  24,  184G.  He  liad  lived  at  Phila- 
delphia twelve  or  more  years. 

DUINKEll,  Edwahd,  remarkable  for  longev- 
ity, died  Nov.  17,  1782,  aged  nearly  102.  He 
was  born  Dec.  24,  1G80,  in  a  cabin  near  the  pres- 
ent corner  of  Wabut  and  Second  streets  in  Pliil- 
adelphia.    His  parents  had  removed  to  this  place 


DROMOOOLE. 


DUDLEY. 


^nn 


from  Hrvrrly  in  Mand.  Tlif  liankn  of  fhr  Prla- 
wiirc  were  iiiliiiliilid  iit  the  limi-  (if  his  liirth  ti) 
thu  IiidiaiiN  iiMii  a  fi'w  Sunloi  and  IIollamlerR. 
At  tin"  uKf  <>f  iwi'lvo  yur*  In  went  to  nonton, 
wlicrt'  he  Hcrvi'il  iiii  »|i|iri'tui>'("<hip  to  a  tnliiiict- 
in<ikt'r.  In  llic  jrnr  17  I"),  \\r  returned  to  I'liilii- 
delphia,  where  he  lived  till  the  time  nt'  IiIm  death. 
]|e  was  four  tinien  married.  :ind  had  ei^'hteen 
children,  all  of  whoni  «<  re  l)\  his  (Irst  wile.  In 
liis  old  a^e  the  powerHol'  hi--  nn'nd  were  very  little 
impaired.  He  enjoyed  no  neimimon  n  sliare  of 
liealth,  tliat  he  was  tK'vtr  eonflned  more  than 
tliree  days  to  his  hed.  1  le  wan  a  man  of  an  amia- 
ble character,  and  he  continued  to  the  last  luii- 
fornily  clieerful  and  kind.  His  reliffious  ])nnci])les 
were  iih  Kteady  ns  his  morals  were  pure.  He 
attended  ])ul)lie  worship  aliout  thirty  yearH  in  the 
I'resliyteriun  clinreh  imder  Dr.  Sproat,  and  died 
in  the  fullest  asHia'ance  of  a  lia|)]iy  immortality. 
He  witnessed  the  most  nstonisliin^;  ehanj^es.  lie 
lived  to  sec  the  spot,  where  he  had  picked  lilack- 
herrles  and  hunted  rabltits,  liecome  the  scat  of  a 
fjreat  city,  the  first  in  wealth  in  America.  He 
saw  ships  of  every  size  in  those  streams  where 
lie  had  hceii  used  to  see  nothin;,'  larfjer  than  nn 
Indian  canoe.  He  saw  the  first  treaty  between 
Franco  and  the  iMde[)endent  States  of  America 
ratified  ujion  the  very  H]iot,  where  he  had  seen 
Willinn  I'enii  ratify  his  first  and  last  treaties  with 
the  Indians.  He  had  been  the  subject  of  seven 
crowned  heads.  —  A'cio  and  den.  Uiorj.  DM. ; 
Jliirdic  ;  Hush's  Kss'ii/s,  29,j — 300 ;  Universal 
Asi/tiim,  11.  S8;  American  Mn.'ieHm,  11.  73-75. 

j)U()MG()()LE,  Euw.VRi),  ]lev.,died  in  Hruns- 
wick  Co.,  Va.,  May  13,  183j,  aged  83 ;  a  minister 
of  the  f^ospttl  sixty-three  years. 

DL'.VXK,  Jamks,  judfjc  of  the  district  court 
for  New  York,  was  a  member  of  the  first  con- 
jjress  from  this  State  in  1774,  and  received  his 
ap]K)intment  of  judj,'e  in  Oct.,  1780.  He  was  the 
fii:,t  mayor  of  New  York  after  its  recovery  from 
the  Itntish.  His  death  occurred  at  Albany  in 
Feb.,  1707.     lie  published  a  law  case. 

DUAXr.,  William,  colonel,  died  Nov.  24, 
l.S:3.j,  a;,'ed  7*5.  He  was  the  editor  of  the  Thila- 
del;ihia  Aurora  for  many  years,  ond  the  supporter 
of  Jell'erson  in  the  political  divisions  of  the  day. 
He  publislied  a  military  dictionary. 

DL'UOIS,  Gkoiige,  a  minister  in  the  Dutch 
church,  New  Y'ork,  from  1G99  to  17(56,  the  suc- 
cessor of  Henricus  Selyns.  His  colleajjucs  were 
Heiiricus  IJoel,  from  1713  to  1754;  Johannes 
lUtzenia,  in  1741,  died  1700;  and  Lambertius  De 
lloiule,  in  1751,  died  1705.  All  these  preached 
entirely  in  Dutch.  The  first  preacher  in  English 
was  A.  I-aidlie. 

DU150IS,  GionnoE,  died  at  Tarrytown  April 
20,  1S41,  aged  about  44,  n  minister  in  the  Dutch 
church,  lie  was  first  settled  at  Bloomingburgh ; 
then  fourteen  years  in  New  York,  as  successor  of 


(\  Ilnrk,  in  Eranklin  street;  thi-n  in  Tnrrytown 
11  brief  iieriixl.  He  was  a  nioj.t  I'aithriil  and  sur- 
cessfnl  niinixter.  .Vt  one  lime  he  admilird  l<>  hi* 
church  in  New  York  einhly  perHons,  and  in  'I'nr- 
rytown  more  persons  tlian  constituted  llie  whole 
ehiireh  when  lu'  was  setfleil. 

Dl'ltOIS,  JolIv.Cathcilic  bishop  of  New  York, 
died  Dec.  '.'•>,  1M»'.',  a>;i<l  7.S  ;  a  native  nf  Paris. 

DrCIII'',,  .Facoii,  I).  D.,  an  Episcopal  minister 
of  I'hiladelphia,  dieil  in  Jan.,  170H,  a^'cd  about 
(i(),  lie  was  ii  native  of  that  eityaiul  a  graduate 
of  the  colle);e  in  1757.  I''or  sonie  years  lie  was 
an  assistant  minister  of  two  churches  j  in  1775  he 
succeeded  Dr.  I'elers  as  rector.  At  the  opening 
of  the  first  conf;ress  lie,  by  the  nomination  of  S. 
.\(lanis,  mn<le  a  most  fervent  and  sulilinie  jirayer. 
.Mr.  A.  said,  "  It  was  enough  to  melt  a  heart  of 
stone."  While  cha|i!aiii  to  congress  he  gave 
his  salary  for  the  relief  of  the  fiiniilies  of  I'enn- 
Nylvanians  killed  in  liattle.  Yit  lie  was  opjiosed 
to  independence ;  and,  in  order  to  jiersuade 
Washington  to  ado])i  his  own  views,  he  sent  him 
a  letter  by  Mrs.  Ferguson.  Washington  trans- 
mitted the  letter  to  congresH.  Thus  losing  the 
public  confidence,  he  went  to  England  in  177(3, 
and  was  cha])lain  to  an  asylum  for  orjihans.  His 
daughter,  So])hia,  married  John  Henry,  the  agent 
of  the  Canadian  governor  in  1810.  Dr.  Ducho 
was  a  man  of  brilliant  talents  j  a  most  imjires- 
sive  orator,  with  much  action ;  ond  he  had  also  a 
fine  poetical  taste.  Ho  pulilished  w  sermon  on 
the  death  of  E.  Morgan,  1703  (  of  Iticlmrd  I'enn, 
1771  i  a  fast  sermon  before  congress,  July  UU;  a 
sermon  to  the  militia,  1775;  observations  moral, 
etc.,  by  Caspaphin,  1773  ;  sermons,  2  vols.,  Lon- 
don, 1780;  a  sermon  before  the  humane  society, 
1781.  —  Wirt's  Old  Bachelor,  No.  31. 

DUDLEY,  Thomas,  governor  of  Massachu- 
setts died  in  lloxbury  July  31,  1652,  aged  76.  lie 
was  the  son  of  lloger,  and  was  born  in  North- 
ampton, England,  in  1576.  After  having  been 
for  some  time  in  the  army,  his  mind  was  im- 
))ressed  by  religious  truth,  and  he  attached  liim- 
self  to  the  Nonconformists,  He  came  to  Massa- 
chusetts in  1630,  as  deputy-governor,  and  was  one 
of  the  founders  and  ])illars  of  the  colony.  He 
was  chosen  governor  in  the  years  1634,  1640, 
1645,  and  1650.  His  zeal  against  heretics  did 
not  content  itself  with  arguments,  addressed  to 
the  understanding,  and  reproofs,  aimed  at  iho 
conscience ;  but  his  intolerance  was  not  singular 
in  an  age  when  the  principles  of  religious  liberty 
were  not  understood.  The  following  linos  are  a 
part  of  a  piece  found  in  his  pocket  after  his 
death. 

"  Let  men  of  Ood  In  conrts  and  cliurchcs  watch 
O'er  such  as  do  a  toleration  liatch. 
Lest  that  ill  egg  bring  forth  a  cocliatrice, 
To  poison  all  with  heresy  and  rice. 
If  men  be  left,  and  otherwise  combins, 
My  epitaph  'i,  I  died  no  libertine." 


310 


DUDLEY. 


^*,,ii 


11 

I 


His  widow  married  llev.  J.  Allen,  of  Dcdliam. 
Ilis  (laii;j;lil(M-s  married  (iov.  Kiadstreet,  Cieii. 
Deiiisoii,  and  ]lev.  J.  Woddhrid^je.  llu  was  a 
man  of  t.oiiiid  jii(If,'inenl,  of  iidiexible  iiite^'rity, 
of  ])iililic  spirit,  and  of  strict  and  exeni])lary  piety. 
—  Mditiiii,  ]•')() ;  Miil/ifr'x  Min/iiii/iii,  II.  l.J-17; 
Nefl/'n  \ni-  F.uiil.niil,  I.  .'iOH;  Hist.  0,11.  \U.  11  i 
X.  aS);   lliilrliinsiiii,   1.  l.s;i;    Wiiil/iro/i ;   llntnux. 

Dl'DIJlY,  Samii:i,,  the  minister  of  K.Keter, 
died  ill  Kis;!,  nfrd  7().  He  was  the  son  of  Gov. 
Thomas  1).,  and,  after  lie  eame  to  New  Knfjland, 
resided  for  a  time  in  Caniliridf^e,  Itostoii,  and  Sal- 
islmry.  His  first  wife  was  Mary,  tile  dauf,'liter  of 
Gov.  Winlhroj).  lie  had  lifteen  eliildren,  and 
his  descendants  are  numerous  in  New  Hampshire. 
He  was  a  man  of  cajiacityand  learnhif;. 

DUDI.I'.Y,  .losia-ii,  (governor  of  Massaclmsetts, 
the  son  of  (iov.  Tiiomas,  died  at  lloxlniry  Ajiril 
2,  1720,  af;ed  72.  lie  was  horn  Sept.  23,  1017, 
when  liis  fatlier  was  70  years  of  aj^e.  In  his 
childhood,  after  his  father's  death,  he  was  under 
tlic  care  of  Mr.  Allen,  of  Dedham,  who  married 
his  motlier.  He  wa.s  f^raduated  at  Harvard  col- 
Icfje  in  lOOii.  He  afterwards  entered  into  the 
service  of  his  country  in  the  Indian  war  of  1(>7j. 
In  l(i.S2  ho  went  to  iMif^iand  as  an  a}j;ent  for  tlie 
jirovince.  When  the  f^ovennnent  was  elianf^ed 
in  Ki.SO  he  was  a])])ointed  president  of  -Massa- 
chusetts and  New  Hamjisliire.  His  commission 
was  received  in  May.  1()S(5.  His  authority  was  of 
sliort  continuance,  for  Andros  arrived  at  the  close 
of  the  same  year.  He,  however,  was  continued 
hi  the  council,  and  was  ajiiiointed  chief  justice. 
In  lOS!)  lie  went  a}?ain  to  England,  and  in  1000 
returned  with  a  commission  of  chief  justice  of 
>i'ew  York,  and  contiiuied  in  this  country  three 
years.  He  v.as  then  eij^iit  years  lientenant-'jov- 
crnor  of  the  Isle  of  Wif,dit.  Ho  was  apjiointed 
governor  of  Massachusetts  by  (iuoen  Anno,  and, 
arriving  at  lioston  June  11,  1702,  continued  in 
the  government  till  Nov.,  17 1.>,  lieing  succeeded 
by  Sliute.  He  possessed  rare  endowments,  and 
was  a  singular  honor  to  his  country,  heing  a  man 
of  learning  and  an  accoiniilislied  gentleman.  He 
was  a  scholar,  a  divine,  a  philosopher,  and  a  law- 
yer. As  governor  of  Massachusetts  he  was  in- 
structed to  ])rocure  an  act  rendering  his  salary 
and  that  of  the  lieutenant-governor  iiermanont ; 
the  object  was  to  secure  the  dependence  of  the 
governors  on  the  crown.  These  instructions  oc- 
casioned a  controversy  with  the  legislature,  which 
lasted  during  the  admhiistration  of  Shute  and 
others  of  his  successors.  He  loved  much  cere- 
mony in  the  government,  and  but  little  ceremony 
in  the  church,  bei.ig  attached  to  the  Congrega- 
tional order.  He  was  a  sincere  Christian,  whose 
virtues  attracted  general  esteem,  though  in  the 
conflict  of  ])olitical  parties  his  character  was  fre- 
quently assailed.  "VVhile  in  his  family  he  devoutly 
addi'csscd  liimsclf  to  the   Supreme   llehig;  he 


DUDLEY. 

also  frequently  prayed  with  his  children  separately 
for  their  everlasting  welfare,  and  did  not  think  it 
humlding  to  iiii])arl  religious  instruction  to  his 
servants.  He  was  economical  and  dignified,  and 
he  applied  himself  with  great  diligence  to  tlie 
duties  of  his  station.  —  ('(iliiinn'.i  h'tincrid  Scr- 
iiKiii  ;  lldsliiii  Xtir.s-/. I  tier,  \\>ri\\,  1720;  Jlnlrh- 
ui.sv>«,  I.  2.S7,  ;ilO-;jl.i;  II.  213;  JlilhiKip'n  Xcw 
lliniipuhirc,  I.  'MX;  Jlolmcs;  MinoCs  Vonlin. 
I.  VX 

DUDI.I'.Y,  Thomas,  son  of  Governor  Josejih 
D.,  was  born  Fei).  2(5,  1070,  and  graduated  at 
Harvard  college  in  lOHo.  We  jiubhshod  Massa- 
chusetts, or  the  first  planters  of  New  England. 

DUDLEY,  rAiL,  F.  11.  S.,  chief  justice  of 
Massachusetts,  the  son  of  Gov.  Josejih,  died  at 
Koxbury  Jan.  21,  1751,  aged  7.).  He  was  bom 
Sojit.  ;$,  107.5,  and  graduated  at  llan-ard  college 
in  1090.  Ho  finished  his  law  studies  at  thoTem- 
j)le  in  London.  He  returned  in  1702  with  the 
commission  of  attorney-general,  which  he  held 
until  he  was  appointed  judge  in  1718.  He  suc- 
ceeded Lynde  as  chief  justice,  and  was  succeeded 
by  Scwall.  On  the  bench  he  was  impartial;  the 
stern  enemy  of  vice;  of  quick  apprehension,  ex- 
tensive knowledge,  and  jiowerful  eloquence.  He 
was  a  learned  and  jnons  man.  I''rom  his  regard 
to  the  interests  of  religion,  and  as  a  jiroof  of 
his  attachment  to  the  institution  in  which  he  was 
educated,  in  his  last  will  he  becpioathed  to  Har- 
vard college  100  jiounds,  the  interest  of  which 
was  to  be  applied  to  the  su])port  of  an  annual 
lecture  to  be  preached  in  that  college ;  the  first 
lecture  to  be  for  jiroving  and  ex])laining,  and  for 
the  jirojior  use  and  im])rovomeiit  of  the  princi- 
])les  of  natural  religion  ;  the  second  for  the  confirm- 
ation, illustration,  and  improvement  of  the  groat 
articles  of  tlie  Christian  religion  ;  the  third  for  de- 
teclnig,  convicting,  and  oxjiosing  the  idolatry  and 
tyranny,  the  damnable  horosios,  and  abominable 
superstitions,  and  fatal  and  various  errors  of  the 
lloinish  church ;  the  fourth  for  maintaining,  ex- 
plaining, and  ]u'oving  the  validity  of  the  ordina- 
tion of  ministers,  as  the  .same  has  been  jiractiscd 
in  New  England  from  the  first  beginning  of  it. 
These  subjects  were  successively  to  occupy  the 
lecture,  and  he  who  should  be  chosen  for  the  last 
was  directed  to  be  a  sound,  grave,  ex])erionccd 
divine,  of  at  least  forty  years  of  age.  A  cojiy  of 
each  discouivse  is  recpiired  to  be  left  with  the 
treasurer.  The  trustees  are  the  president  and 
senior  tutor,  the  professor  of  divinity,  the  pastor 
of  the  first  church  in  Cambridge,  and  the  pastor 
of  the  first  church  in  Itoxbury.  The  first  sermon 
on  this  foundation  was  jircached  by  President 
llolyoke  in  May,  175o.  The  second,  and  the 
first  that  was  j)ublished,  was  delivered  by  !Mr. 
IJarnard  in  175G.  Mr.  Dudley  ])ublished  twelve 
articles  in  the  transactions  of  the  royal  society  in 
vols.  31,  M,  and  39;  among  them  an  account  of 


])UI)Li:y. 


DUMMKll. 


311 


the  m:ik!nt^  of  iiKi])lc  siiijar;  nf  (li-TOVcrin::;  t!u' 
liivc  of  lici's  ill  the  woods;  of  tlio  carlliqimkc  of 
NiHV  l',ii;;l:iiul ;  of  llic   |)oison-wootl   tl'i'O;  of  the 
rattlosnake  ;  of  the   Imlian  liot-lioiiscs  and  tiircM 
l)y  .swi'atin;?  in  hot  turf;  di'.scn])lioii  of  the  moose 
deer;  essay  upon  the  natural   history  of  whales.  J 
][e   jmhlished   also  an  essay  on   the  niercliandise  | 
of  slaves  juiil  souls  of  men,  mentioned  in  Kevela-  | 
tion  xviir.  l.'i,  wilii  an  ajiplicalion  to  the  chureli 
of    Home.  —  II<ilmcx;  Apijetidix    to    I'nunanVs 
DatUvian  Lrrliiic. 

J)U1)LI',Y,  Wii.i.lAM,  colonel,  the  son  of  Gov. 
D.,  died  in  Uoxhury  Au;^.  10,  1743,  af;ed  ahout 
.OO.  He  f!;raduated  in  1704.  His  father  sent  iiim 
to  Canada  to  negotiate  an  e.xehanj^e  of  prisoners. 
llii,  mission  was  well  executed  and  successful. 
He  hrouf^ht  hackllcv.  Mr.  Williams,  of  Deeriield. 
He  was  the  speaker  of  the  house  of  re])resent- 
atives,  and  a  fine  orator.  He  was  distin}i;uished 
as  an  olHccr  in  (he  ex])edition  a;,'ainst  I'ort  Jtoyal. 
His  wife  was  the  daufjhter  of  ,Judj;e  Davenport ; 
liis  sons,  Thomas  and  William,  were  graduates. — 
Elioi. 

HUFFIELi),  GiumoK,  D.  D.,  minister  in  I'hil- 
adelphia,  died  ]'\'l).  2,  1700,  aged  57.  After  he 
hecame  a  jjreacher,  he  was  first  settled  in  the 
town  of  Carlisle,  where  his  zealous  and  incessant 
lat)ors,  through  the  iuHucnee  of  the  Divine  Spirit, 
were  made  effectual  to  the  conversion  of  many. 
So  conspicuous  was  liis  benevolent  activity,  that 
the  synod  apiwinted  him  as  a  "missionary,  and  he 
accordingly,  in  company  with  Mr.  IJeatty,  visited 
the  frontiers.  His  talents  at  length  drew  him 
into  a  more  pu1)lic  s])here,  and  placed  him  as  a 
pastor  of  the  second  I'reshyterian  church  in  I'hil- 
adelphirt.  His  zeal  to  do  good  exposed  him  to 
the  disease  of  which  he  died.  He  ])ossessed  a 
vigorous  mind,  and  was  considerably  disthiguished 
as  a  scholar.  As  his  readiness  of  utterance  was 
seldom  etiualled,  he  was  enabled  to  jjreach  with 
uncommon  fre(]uency.  As  he  jjossessed  an  un- 
conquerable firmness,  he  always  adhered  steadily 
to  the  opinions  which  he  had  formed.  In  the 
struggle  with  (Jreat  Uritain  he  was  an  early  and 
zealous  friend  of  his  coimtry.  Itut  it  Avas  as  a 
Christian  that  he  was  most  consj)icuous,  for  the 
religion  which  he  preached  was  exhibited  in  his 
own  life.  The  spirit  of  the  gosj)el  tinctured  his 
whole  mind.  It  rendered  him  the  advocate  of 
the  poor,  and  the  friend  of  the  friendless.  He 
sought  occasions  of  advancing  the  interests  of  re- 
ligion and  humanity.  As  n  preacher,  he  was  in 
early  life  remarkably  animated  and  ])opular,  and 
his  manner  was  always  warm  and  forcible,  and 
his  instructions  always  practical.  Dwelling  much 
on  the  great  and  essential  doctrines  of  the  gosjjcl, 
ho  had  a  peculiar  talent  of  touching  the  con- 
science, and  impressing  the  heart.  He  published 
an  account  of  his  tour  with  ^I.  IJeatty  along  the 
frontiers  of  Pennsylvania ;  a  thanksgiving  sermon 


for  the  restoration  of  jieace.  Dec.  11,  17S,'(. . — 
(I'rrrii'x  I'liiiriiil  Scniioii ;  .l.v.sr;;'/..'_7  Mis.i.  Mmj. 
I.  ')'i'.]-')'>(\;   Aiiicriiiiii  Miinrinii,  VII.  (j(i-(>S. 

DCl.ANl'.Y,  Damki,,  an  eminent  coiuisellorof 
Maryland,  resided  at  .Vunajjolis,  and  died  at  an 
early  stage  of  the  Itcvnlutionary  war.  He  was 
considered  as  one  of  the  most  learned  and  ac- 
eoniplislied  men  in  his  profession  that  our  country 
ever  ])rodueed.  He  made  some  pulilieations  on 
the  controversy  between  America  and  (ireat 
llritain.  The  title  of  one  of  them  is.  Considera- 
tions on  the  jirojiriety  of  im])osing  taxes  in  the 
liritish  colonies  in  North  .Vnu-riea  for  the  i)ur])ose 
of  a  revenue,  17(i().  —  Mi/tir'n  llilro.ijiri'f,  ll.  ;}70. 

DC I-.\N1;Y,  Thomas,  died  at  I'ranklin,  Miss., 
Jtme  2'),  IKl.j,  aged  .'{(i,  a  nuui  of  fine  talents  and 
an  idmost  (uieciualled  sulferer.  For  years  he 
was  confined  to  his  bed,  or  his  room,  and  his 
room  was  ke]it  dark  by  reason  of  a  neuralgic  af- 
fection, which  made  a  ray  of  light  most  ])ainful. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  l'',i)iseopal  church,  and 
full  of  spiritual  enjoyment.  His  case  may  well 
teach  a  lesson  of  gratitude  to  men  who  can  bear 
to  see  the  light,  and  may  show  also  the  jiower  of 
religiim  in  alleviathig  misery  and  triumi)hing  over 
pain. 

DCMMEU,  RiCHAiil),  one  of  the  first  settlers 
of  Newbury,  died  Dec.  11,  1071),  aged  H7.  He 
came  to  this  country  in  10J5.5.  His  lot  c(msistcd 
of  three  lumdred  acres  near  the  falls.  When  in 
Hi  10  Gov.  Winthro])  suti'ered  great  loss  by  the 
misconduct  of  his  bailiif,  and  the  various  towns 
sent  in  a  contribution  of  ,)()()  jjounds,  Mr.  Dum- 
mer,  in  a  more  ])rivate  way,  with  iu)e(pialled  lib- 
erality, sent  to  him  100  iiouiuls.  The  site  of 
Dinnmer's  academy  formerly  lielonged  to  his  plan- 
tation.—  J\/iiil  ;   CiiJ/iii'x  llisliinj  <>/'  XrirhiDi/. 

]  )CMM  i;U,  SiitiiAi-.l,,  minister  of  York.  Maine, 
was  the  son  of  Jlichard  Dumnier.  He  was  born 
I'eb.  17,  KJIJti,  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
l(!.")(i,  and  began  to  ])reach  at  York  in  UIO'J.  Ho 
was  not  ordained,  probably  because  a  church  was 
not  organized,  until  Dec.  15,  1()72.  The  town  of 
York  was  sur])rised  Monday,  Feb.  !>,  W>[)'2,  by  a 
j)arty  of  I'rench  and  Indians,  who  came  on  snow- 
shoes,  and  burnt  most  of  the  houses,  exce])ting 
the  fom-  garrison  houses  of  Alcoek,  I'reble,  Har- 
man,  and  Norton,  and  killed  about  seventy-five  of 
the  inhabitants,  and  carried  as  many  into  captiv- 
ity. Mr.  Dummer  was  shot  down  dead  near  his 
own  door,  aged  'lo.  His  wife  was  taken  captive. 
His  successor  was  S.  Moody. 

DUMMEll,  Ji;ki:miaii,iui  agent  of  Massachu- 
setts in  I'lngland,  and  a  distinguished  scholar,  died 
May  19,  173!),  aged  about  (JO.  He  was  a  native 
of  Boston,  the  son  of  Jeremiah,  and  was  the 
grandson  of  Richard  Dunnner.  He  was  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  college  in  1(509.  ^N'hile  a  mem- 
ber of  this  seminary,  he  was  pre-cmhient  for  the 
brilliancy  of  his  genius.    His   only  comiietitor 


6 


p'll 


312 


DUMMEB. 


was  Mr.  John  Hulklcy,  who  surpassed  him  for 
solidity  of  jiidf,'inciit,  Imt  not  in  «i)n},'litlin''ss  of 
thou-^ht  and  wit.  Ho  soon  aftorwards  went  to 
Euro])(;,  and  spent  a  numlier  of  years  at  the  uni- 
versity of  Utrecht,  where  lie  received  a  doctor's 
deffree.  lie  then  returned  to  New  lMi},'land,l)ut, 
findinij;  no  prosjiect  of  eini)loynient  in  this  coun- 
try that  would  he  af,'reeal)le  to  him,  he  went  to 
Enfjland,  where  he  arrived  a  little  l)efore  the 
change  of  Queen  Ainie's  ministry.  In  1710  he 
was  ajipointed  agent  of  Massachusetts,  and  his 
services  were  imi)ortant  till  his  dismission  in  1721. 
Contrary  to  the  ex])ectalion  of  his  countrymen, 
he  <levoted  himself  to  the  persons  hi  jjower,  and 
was  an  advocate  of  their  measures,  lie  was  cm- 
ployed  hy  Lord  IJolinghroke  in  some  secret  nego- 
tiations, and  had  assurances  of  j)romofion  to  a 
place  of  honor  and  jjrofitj  hut  the  death  of  the 
queen  hlastcd  all  his  hojjes.  If  he  had  espoused 
a  different  side,  it  is  thought  that  his  great  tal- 
ents might  have  elevated  him  to  some  of  the 
highest  offices.  His  acquaintance  with  lioUng- 
broke  jjcrvcrted  his  rchgious  sentiments  and  cor- 
rupted his  manners ;  so  that  he,  who  had  studied 
divinity,  and  who  in  youth,  as  appears  hy  his 
diary,  had  a  susceptihle  conscience,  and  was  ac- 
customed to  the  language  of  fervent  prayer, 
through  tlie  contaminating  influence  of  profli- 
gate great  men  hecame  licentious  in  manners  and 
a  sccj)t!C  in  religion.  Yet  he  was  miserahle  in 
his  depravity,  and  confessed  to  a  friend,  that  he 
wished  to  i'eel  again  the  pure  joys  which  he  ex- 
perienced when  he  breathed  the  air  of  New  Eng- 
land. 'J'hough  uj)on  the  change  of  times  he  de- 
serted his  jiatron,  Lord  liolinghroke,  in  regard  to 
politics,  it  is  said  that  he  adhered  to  his  senti- 
ments upon  religion  to  the  close  of  life.  Few 
men  exceeded  him  in  quickness  of  thought,  and 
in  ease,  delicacy,  and  fluency  in  speaking  and 
writhig.  He  published  disputalio  theologica  do 
Christi  ad  inferos  descensu,  quam,  indulgcnte 
Triuno  Xuniine,  sub  ])ra'sidio  clar.  and  celebcr. 
viri,  1).  1).  llerm.  Witsii, etc.,  Ito.,  1702;  de  jure 
Judieorum  sahbnti  brevis  disqui^itio,  4to.,  1703; 
disserlatio  theologico-i)hilologica,  4to.,  170.'J; 
disjnitatio  iihilosoiiiiica  iuaug.,  4to.,  1703;  a  de- 
fence of  the  ,\ew  Ijighuid  charters,  1721;  a  let- 
ter to  a  noble  lord  concerning  the  expedition  to 
Canada.  1712.  —  IIIisl.  Cull.  X.  loo;  Iltitc/tinson, 
II.  187,  2.'^') ;  Llidf. 

J)L'MMK1{,  Wli.l.lAM,  governor  of  Massachu- 
setts, died  at  IJoston  Oct.  10,  17(il,  aged  82.  He 
received  a  commission  as  lieutenant-governor  at 
the  time  that  Shute  was  appointed  governor  in 
17 IG.  At  the  departure  of  Shute,  Jan.  1,  1723, 
he  was  left  at  the  head  of  the  province,  and  he 
conthiued  comniander-iii-cliief  till  the  arrival  of 
Burnet,  in  1728.  He  was  also  commander-hi- 
chief  in  the  interval  between  his  death  and  the 
arrival  of  Uelelier.     His  administration  is  sjiokcn 


DUNB.VIl. 

of  with  great  respect,  and  he  is  re]n-esented  ns 
governed  hy  a  ])ure  regard  to  the  jiublic  good. 
The  war  with  the  Indians  was  conducted  with 
great  skill,  the  Xorridgewocks  being  cut  oft"  in 
1724.  l''roni  the  year  1730  Gov.  Dummer  lived 
chiefly  in  retirement  for  the  remainder  of  his  Ufe, 
selecting  for  his  acquaintance  and  friends  men  of 
sense,  virtue,  and  religion,  aiul  receiving  the 
blessings  and  ajqjlauses  of  his  country.  He  Mas 
sincerely  and  firmly  attached  to  the  religion  of 
Jesus,  and  in  the  midst  of  htunan  grandeur  he 
was  ])rei)aring  for  death.  He  attended  with  rev- 
erence u])on  the  institutions  of  the  gospel ;  he  was 
constant  in  his  family  devotions :  he  apj)lied  him- 
self to  the  j)erusal  of  ])ious  books ;  and  at  stated 
times  he  retired  to  his  closet  for  jjrayer.  He 
was  the  brother  of  Jeremi;di,  or  Jeremy,  as  usually 
called.  By  his  last  will  he  gave  his  valuable  farm, 
and  his  nuinsion-house,  Avhich  is  yet  standing,  for 
the  endowment  of  Duinmcr  academy,  which  is  in 
Byfield  ])arlsh  in  the  town  of  Xewbury.  It  was 
opened  Feb.  27,  17C3,  whh  28  pupils,  Samuel 
bloody  the  jireceptor.  On  the  occasion  Moses 
I'arsons  jjreached  a  sermon  from  the  words,  "The 
liberal  soul  deviseth  liberal  tilings."  It  was  the 
earliest  academy  in  Massachusetts,  and  has  been 
of  great  public  benefit,  and  still  flourishes. —  Cof- 
fin's Hist.  Kcwbunj;  Ihjlcs'  Funeral  Sermon; 
Boston  Gazette,  Oct.  20,  1701;  IJtttehinson,  II. 
291,322,308;  Holmes. 

DUNBAK,  S.VMVKL,  mini.stcr  in  Stoughton, 
now  Canton,  died  in  1783.  He  Mas  graduated  at 
Harvard  college  in  1723,  and  ordahicd  Nov.  1  j, 
1727,  as  the  successor  of  Jose])h  Morse.  He  was 
a  patriot.  In  1755  he  was  a  chaiilain  in  the  ex- 
jiedition  against  Crown  Point ;  and  he  sui)])orted 
the  rights  of  his  country  in  the  war  for  indepen- 
dence. He  jiublished  a  sermon  at  the  artillery 
election,  1748;  on  brotherly  love,  1740;  right- 
eousness hy  the  hw  subversive  of  Christianity, 
1751  ;  at  the  election,  1700  ;  at  the  ordination  of 
E.  Grosvenor,  1703. 

DL'NJiAB,  WiM.UM,  a  jilanter,  died  at  his 
scat  at  Natchez  Nov.  15,  1810.  He  was  an  as- 
tronomer, and  distinguished  for  his  researches  in 
natural  science.  To  the  ])liilosophical  societv  of 
I'hiladelphia,  of  which  he  was  a  member,  he 
made  several  communications,  which  are  pub- 
lished in  transact,  vol.  vi. ;  account  of  the  lan- 
guage of  signs  among  the  Indians;  meteor, 
observ.,  1800;  description  of  the  Mississipjii. 

DUNBAK,  Elijah,  a  lawyer,  died  at  Keene, 
N.  II.,  May  18,  1847,  aged  88;  a  graduate  of 
Dartmouth  in  1783. 

DUNBAU,  Elijah,  died  in  :\Iilford,  N.  H., 
Sept.  3,  1850,  aged  about  80.  Born  in  Stoughton, 
he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1794,  and  was  the 
minister  of  I'etcvborough,  N.  II.,  from  1799  to 
1820.  He  pubhshed  sermons  at  ordination  of 
W.  Kitchie,  1809;  of  J.  Porter,  1814. 


DUNCiVN. 


DUNTON. 


313 


DUNCAN,  John  M.,  died  at  Glasgow  Oct.  .i, 
1825,  Hf^cd  31  years.  IIo  published  travels 
throtii;;li  parts  of  the  United  States  and  of  Canada 
in  1.S18  and  181!),  2  vols.  12mo.,  1823  ;  also,  Sab- 
bath among  the  Tuscaroras. 

DUNX'AN,  Lucia,  wife  of  Rev.  A.  G.  Duncan, 
of  Hanover,  Mass.,  died  in  1851,  aged  50.  Ijy 
her  father,  Ellis  Harlow,  of  I'lymouth,  she  was 
descended  from  Gov.  Carver,  and  by  her  mother, 
from  Gov.  Bradford  ;  and  she  remarkably  mani- 
fested in  her  life  the  piety  of  old  I'lymouth. 

DUNCAN,  JosKi'ii,  governor  of  Illinois,  died 
at  Jacksonville  Jan.  15,  1844.  He  was  in  the 
army  in  the  war  of  1812. 

DUNHAM,  JosiAll,  died  in  Kentucky  in  1844, 
aged  about  75.  He  was  the  son  of  Deacon  Dan- 
iel D.,  of  Lebanon  Crank,  now  Columbia,  Conn., 
and  grandson  of  lie  v.  Samuel  Moselcy,  of  Hamj)- 
ton.  His  wife  was  a  sister  of  Levi  Hedge.  His 
sister  Nancy  married  Dr.  L>eodatus  Clark,  who 
died  in  Oswego  in  1848,  aged  85.  A  graduate  of 
Dartmouth  in  1781),  ho  was  preceptor  of  Moor's 
school  from  1789  to  1793.  He  then  edited  the 
Washingtonian  at  Windsor,  Vt.,  four  years.  In 
the  controversy  at  Dartmouth  ho  was  the  firm 
friend  of  President  Wheelock.  He  once  held 
some  public  office  at  Michillimackinac.  He 
pubUshed  a  masonic  oration,  1790 ;  on  death  of 
Washington,  1800;  oration  at  Windsor,  1814; 
answer  to  the  \iiulication  of  the  trustees,  1816. 

DUNKLIN,  D.VXIEL,   governor  of   Missouri, 
died  in  Jefferson  county  Aug.  25,  1844,  aged  54. 
DUNLAP,  High,  died  in   Brunswick,   Mc., 
Dec.  13,  1850,  aged  100. 

DUNLAP,  D.vvii),  a  merchant,  died  in  Bruns- 
wick in  Feb.,  1843,  aged  05 j  a  man  highly  re- 
spected and  esteemed. 

DUXLM^,  AxDiiEW,  a  lawyer  in  Boston,  died 
in  1835,  aged  about  40.  He  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1813,  and  was  district  attorney,  llis 
sjK'Cch  in  defence  of  A.  Kneeland  was  published 
in  1834. 

DUNLAP,  AViiJ.iAJi,  a  portrait  and  historical 
jiaintcr,  died  in  New  York  Sept.  28,  1839,  aged 
74.  Ho  was  born  in  Perth  Amboy,  and  studied 
under  B.  West.  He  jjublislied  history  of  the 
American  theatre  ;  history  of  New  York ;  history 
of  the  arts  of  design  in  America,  and  several 
dramas ;  also,  memoirs  of  Charles  B.  Brown,  and 
of  (i('Ci;,'e  1'".  Cooke. 

Ul'.XLAVY,  FuAXcis,  judge,  died  at  Lebanon, 
().,  Nov.  5,  1839,  aged  78,  a  native  of  Virginia. 
He  was  a  soldier  of  the  llevolution,  one  of  the 
founders  in  1791  at  Columbia  of  the  first  Baptist 
church  in  the  Northwest  Territory,  and  a  member 
of  the  Ohio  convention.  He  loved  books ;  he 
abhorreil  the  slavery  of  his  fellow-men. 

DUNMOIIE,  John  Miuiuy,  carl  of,  the  last 
royal  governor  of  Virginia,  was  the  governor  of 
New  York  from  1770  to  1771,  and  governor  of 
40 


Virginia  from  1772  to  1775.  In  his  zeal  for  his 
royal  master  he  removed  the  public  stores  from 
Williamsburg  on  board  of  armed  vessels,  in  April, 
1775,  and  allerwards  abdicated  the  government 
and  retired  for  safety  on  board  the  Powey  man- 
of-war  at  Yorktown.  Ho  landed  in  diftcrent 
])laces,  acting  the  part  of  a  corsair  and  idunderer. 
He  burnt  Norfolk,  Jan.  1,  1770;  but  famine  and 
disease  obliged  him  to  tpiit  the  coast.  IIo  was 
ajjpointed  in  1780  governor  of  Bermuda,  and 
died  in  England  in  1809.  His  wife  was  Lady 
Charlotte  Stewart,  daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Gallo- 
way. — //o^Hfra,  II.  219,  250. 

DUNS'1']':K,   Hknry,  first  jjrcsident  of  Har- 
vard college,  died  Feb.  27,   1059.     He  was  in- 
ducted   into    his    office    Aug.    27,    1040.       lie 
succeeded  Nathaniel  Eaton,   who   was  the   first 
master  of  the  seminary,  being  chosen  in  1037  or 
1038,  and  who  had  been  removed  on  account  of 
the  severity  of  liis  discij)line.     He  was  highly  rc- 
sjiccted  for  his  learning,  piety,  and  spirit  of  gov- 
ernment;   but,  havin;    at   length   imbibed    the 
principles  of  anti-pe(lol)aptism,and  ])ublicly  advo- 
cated them,  he  was  induced  to  resign  the  ])resi- 
dentship  Oct.  24,   1054,  and  was  succeeded  by 
Mr.  Chaimcy.     He  now  retired  to  Scituato,  where 
he  spent  the   remainder  of  his   days  in  jieace. 
His  wife  was  the  widow  of  He  v.  Jesse  Glover, 
who  died  at  sea,  on  his  passage  to  New  England, 
in    1039.    He   was   buried   at  Cambridge.     He 
was  a  modest,  humble,  charitable  man.    By  his 
last  will  he  ordered  his  body   to  be   biu'i"d  at 
Cambridge,  and  bequeathed  legacies  to  the  very 
persons  who  had  occasioned  his  removal  from  the 
college.     He  was  a  great  master  of  the  oriental 
languages,  and,  when  a  new  version  of  the  psalms 
had  been  made  by  Eliot,  AVelde,  and  Mather,  and 
printed  in  1040,  it  was  put  into  his  hands  to  be 
revised.     He  accordingly,  with  the  assistance  of 
llichard  Lyon,  improved  the  version,  and  l)rought 
it  into  that  state  in  which  the  churches  of  New 
England  used  it  for  many  subsequent  years. — 
Mather's  Mar/iiali'n,  m.d<J-Wl;  I  v.  128;  KcaVs 
Neic  Eiti/lu'ul,  I.  308  ;  IT.  Adams'  Kcio  Englaiul, 
73;  Iliilchinsoii,  I.  174;  Hist.  Coll.  VII.  20,  48, 
49;  llohncs;   Morton. 

DUNSTEK,  Isaiah,  minister  in  Harwich,  now 
Brewster,  died  in  1791,  aged  about  70.  He 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1741,  and  succeeded  the 
first  minister,  Nalhaniel  Slone,  who  was  pastor 
from  1700  to  1755.  He  [lulilislied  a  sermon  at 
the  instalment  of  J.  Green,  Jr.,  17(i3. 

DUNTON,  Juiix,  a  bookseller  in  Boston,  died 
about  1725.  He  had  conducted  his  bus'ncss  ex- 
tensively in  London,  but  in  a  time  of  embarrass- 
ment came  to  this  coinitry  in  March,  1080,  v.-ith 
a  stock  of  books,  and  for  the  purpose  of  collect- 
ing his  debts,  amounting  to  500  jjounds.  IIo 
remained  here  eight  months,  and  became  ac- 
I  quaiiitud  with  all  the  clergymen  and  the  principal 


314 


DUPONTEAU. 


DUTTON. 


m 
ill' 


iiii 


citizens.  On  Ira  return  to  Londnn  ho  rpsnmcd 
his  business  there,  lie  i)ublislic(l  in  170')  tlie 
life  and  errors  of  John  Dunton,  in  wliieh  lit  f!;ives 
an  account  of  liis  voyiip;e  to  lioston,  a  very  amus- 
ing  extract  from  uliich  is  in  liistorical  collections. 
He  describes  tlie  ministers,  booksellers,  and  other 
citizens  of  lioston  and  Salem.  In  his  w'll  he 
directed  his  l)urial  to  be  "the  .seventh  day  after 
his  death,  and  not  before,  lest  he  should  come  to 
life,  as  his  mother  liad  done,  on  the  day  appointed 
for  her  funeral."—  Tlwmas,  I!.  41o-4L'0  ;  2  Hint. 
Coll.n.  97-1 1"!. 

l)UrO>:C'l-:.\U,  Pktcr  Stitiien,  died  at  Phil- 
ndeljihia  April  2,  1.S44,  a-^cd  nearly  84.  A  native 
of  France,  he  came  to  this  coimtry  as  the  aid  of 
Steuben  in  1778.  After  the  war  he  was  a  distin- 
guished law}-er  in  I'hiladelphia,  and  president 
of  several  learned  societies.  His  researches  in 
jurisprudence  and  philolof,'y  were  jn'ofoiuid.  lie 
published  a  treatise  on  the  structure  of  the  In- 
dian languan;es ;  a  dissertation  on  the  Chinese 
laws;  on  the  early  history  of  Pennsylvania;  Enjj;- 
lish  phonology  ;  euloginm  on  Tilghman  ;  on  the 
one  hundred  and  fiftieth  anniversary  of  Penn's 
landing,  and  other  writings. 

DUPONT,  !•:.  1. 1)K  NraioURS,  died  of  a  disease 
of  the  heart  at  Philadelphia  Oct.  ;J1,  1834,  aged 
62.  lie  came  from  France  in  1800,  and  settled 
on  the  Brandywine,  four  miles  from  Wilmington. 
While  at  the  head  of  an  extensive  and  profitable 
business,  indefatigably  engaged,  he  did  not  tail  to 
indulge  the  benevolent  and  generous  feelings  of 
his  heart,  and  was  abundant  in  his  charities.  His 
father,  Peter  S.  Dujiont  Do  Nemours,  after  the 
return  of  Napoleon  from  Elba,  came  to  Delaware, 
and  died  near  Wilmington  Aug.  G,  1817,  aged  77. 
He  was  a  distinguished  and  learned  man,  and 
published  various  articles  in  the  American  jjliilo- 
sophical  transactions,  on  vegetables,  on  the  winds, 
on  national  education  in  America,  and  on  the  life 
of  Barlow.  His  oldest  son,  Alfred  Victor,  died 
at  Nemours,  on  the  Brandywine,  Oct.  4,  IHoG, 
aged  57. 

DUllELL,  Damei.  M.,  judge,  died  in  Dover, 
N.  II.,  April  29,  1841,  aged  71.  lie  graduated 
at  Dartmouth  in  1794. 

DUKFEE,  Job,  chief  justice  of  Rhode  Island, 
clied  at  Tiverton  July  2G,  1847,  aged  57.  A  grad- 
uate of  Brown  university  in  1813.  lie  was  in 
congress  in  1823,  and  chief  justice  in  1835.  He 
published  What  cheer;  or  lloger  Williams  in 
exile ;  and  Panidea. 

DUSTON,  lL\.\x,ui,  the  wife  of  Thomas  D., 
of  Haverhill,  Mass.,  was  married  Dec.  3,  1677, 
and  was  the  mother  of  thirteen  children.  When 
the  Indians  attacked  Haverhill,  March  15,  1698, 
her  husband  flew  to  his  house  and  ordered  his 
children  to  flee  without  delay.  Before  liis  wife, 
with  an  infant  only  a  week  old,  couid  escape,  tne 
Indians   approached.     Mounting  liis   horse   and 


bearing  his  musket,  he  followed  his  seven  young 
children  as  their  defender.  A  party  of  tiie  sav- 
ages ])ursued  and  fired  upon  him,  but  he  returned 
the  fire,  and  by  the  favor  of  Providence  eon- 
ducted  his  little  flock  to  a  neighboring  garrlnon. 
Mrs.  Duston,  with  her  infant,  and  her  nurse, 
widow  ^lary  Xcff,  was  cajjtured.  At  this  time  nine 
houses  were  burnt,  and  forty  persons  killed  and 
carried  into  ca])tivity.  After  proceeding  a  short 
distance  the  ."avages  took  tiie  infiint  from  the 
nurse  and  killed  it.  Mrs.  I).,  after  a  fatiguing 
journey,  was  brought  to  an  island  just  above  Con- 
cord, N.  II.,  formed  at  the  junction  of  the  Con- 
tocook  river  with  the  Merrimac,  between  Concord 
and  Boscawen,  now  called  Duston's  Island.  The 
Indian  finnily,  to  which  she  had  been  assigned, 
consisted  of  twelve  persons :  two  men,  three 
women,  and  seven  children.  The  prisoners  in 
this  family  were  three :  Mrs.  D.,  Mary  Neff,  and 
.Samuel  Lcnnardson,  a  boy,  who  had  been  taken 
at  Worcester.  I'arly  in  the  morning  of  April  5, 
Mrs.  D.  awoke  her  confederates,  and,  seizing  the 
hatchets  of  the  Indians,  who  were  aslce]),  dis- 
patched ten  of  the  twelve,  a  favorite  boy  being 
spared,  and  a  wounded  woman  making  her  escajie 
with  him.  Mrs.  ]).  arrived  safe  at  Haverhill,  and 
for  the  scalps  received  oO  jjounds  from  the  general 
court,  besides  many  valuable  jn-esents.  In  1810 
her  house  was  standing,  owned  by  Thomas  Dus- 
ton, a  descendant.  —  2  Ifist.  Coll.  lY.  128; 
Dwlf/Jit,  I.  411;  Dmh<j\i  Indian  Wars,  310; 
Mar/iialia,  \11.  00;  Ifitlcliinson,  U.  101. 

DUTTON,  M.iTnii:w  Bice,  jirofessor  of  math- 
ematics and  natural  i)hilosoi)hy  at  Yale  college, 
died  July  17,  1825,  aged  42.  Ho  was  born  in 
AVatertown,  Conn.,  June  30,  1783,  and  graduated 
at  Yale  college  in  1808.  Ho  was  a  tutor  from 
1810  to  1814.  In  this  last  year  he  was  ordained 
the  minister  of  Stratford,  where  he  remained 
about  eight  years.  After  the  death  of  Professor 
Fisher  in  1822,  he  was  chosen  as  his  successor, 
and  discharged  the  duties  of  his  office,  till  his 
failing  health,  which  had  long  been  feeble,  com- 
pelled him  to  de.'ist  from  his  labors.  He  died  of 
a  pulmonary  com])loint  With  great  scientific  at- 
tainments he  combined  the  most  amiable  man- 
ners, and  the  piety  which  sustained  him  in  the 
hour  of  death.  He  ])ublished  a  work  on  conic 
sections,  1824.  —  A'.  II.  Ileligious  Intelligencer. 

DUTTON,  A.viiox,  muiistcr  of  Guilford,  Conn., 
died  in  1849,  aged  about  GO.  Ho  was  born  in 
Watertown,  graduated  at  Y'ale  in  1803,  and  was 
settled  in  1807  as  successor  of  Israel  Brainard. 
The  first  pstor  was  II.  Whitfield  in  1643.  He 
Ijublishod  a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of  T.  Bug- 
gies, 1809. 

DUTTON,  Natilvniel,  a  pioneer  in  the  wil- 
derness, the  first  settled  minister  in  Jefferson 
county,  died  in  Cham])ion,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  9,  1852, 
aged  73.     A  native  of  Hartford,  Vt.,  he  was  a 


DUVAL. 


DWIGIIT. 


315 


graduate  of  Dartmouth  in  1R02,  and  was  sent  in 
ISO.j  by  the  Hampshire  missionary  society  to 
jireaeh  in  tlie  IJlacl;  llivcr  coiintr)'.  He  was 
installed  at  C.  in  KSO".  His  labors  were  vast ; 
the  benefits  of  them  incalculable.  In  one  revival 
in  IHl"  there  were  added  to  his  church  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty-eight  persons. 

])L'V.\L,  WiLi,lA.M  P.,  governor  of  Florida 
and  of  Texas,  cUed  at  "Washington  March  I'J, 
18j4,  aged  70.  Horn  in  Virginia,  he  removed  to 
Kentucky,  from  which  State  he  was  a  member  of 
congress. 

]JUVALL,  Gaduiel,  died  in  rrince  George's 
Co.,  Md.,  March  G,  1841,  aged  OIJ.  He  was  a 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States. 
He  was  of  Huguenot  descent;  was  comptroller 
of  the  treasury  in  1802,  and  appointed  judge  in 
1811,  holding  the  office  twenty  years. 

1) WIGHT,  TiMOTiiv,  tlied  at  Dedham  Jan.  31, 
1718,  aged  88,  the  son  of  John,  a  first  settler  in 
1G3j.  He  had  six  wives  and  fifteen  children. 
His  son  by  his  wife,  Anna  Flint  of  Uraintree,  was 
Nathaniel,  who  lived  in  Northampton ;  as  were 
also  Josiah  of  Woodstock,  and  Henry  of  Hatfield, 
the  ancestor  of  the  Dwights  of  Springfield. 

DWIGIIT,  Timothy,  colonel,  of  Northampton, 
the  son  of  Nathaniel,  died  April  30,  1771,  aged 
70.  He  was  surveyor,  magistrate,  and  judge  ot 
probate.  His  daughter  Eleanor  married  Gen. 
Phineas  Lyman,  of  Suftield. 

DWIGHT,  Tdiotiiy,  the  son  of  Col.  Timotliy 
J).,  died  at  Natchez  June  10,  1772,  aged  52.  He 
lived  at  Northampton,  and  built  the  ancient  house 
in  King  street.  His  wife  was  Mary,  tlie  daugh- 
ter of  I'resident  Edwards :  she  died  in  1807,  aged 
72.  His  eliildren  were  tliirteeu,  among  whom 
was  President  Dwight. 

DWIGHT,  Jo.sEi'ii,  brigadier-general,  died  in 
Great  IJarrington  Jime  9,  1705,  aged  02.  He 
was  the  son  of  Henry,  who  died  in  Hatfield, 
and  grandson  of  the  first  Timothy.  He  was 
born  in  Dedham  in  1703,  and  graduated  at  Har- 
vard college  in  1722.  Wliile  residing  in  Brook- 
field,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1733;  in 
1730  he  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas  for  the  comity  of  Worcester ;  in 
1745,  at  the  reduction  of  Louisburg,  he  and 
Waldo  were  the  brigadiers.  He  commanded  the 
artillery  of  Massachusetts,  and  was  distinguished 
for  his  exertions  and  services  and  commended  by 
Pepperell.  In  175G,  at  the  head  of  a  brigade  of 
militia,  he  repaired  to  Lake  Champlain,  in  the 
second  French  war.  Soon  after  his  return  he 
purchased  land  in  Great  Harrington,  and  there 
passed  the  remainder  of  his  life.  In  1701,  when 
the  county  of  Berkshire  was  formed,  he  was  ap- 
pointed judge  of  the  county  court  and  judge  of 
probate.  By  his  second  wife,  the  widow  of  llev. 
J.  .Sergeant,  ho  had  two  children,  Henry  W. 
Dwight  of  Stockbridge,  and  the  second  wife  of 


Jtidge  Sedgwick.  His  jiersonal  appearance  was 
line.  He  was  dignified  in  his  maiiiurs,  an  up- 
right judge,  and  an  exeni;)l;u-y  ])i()!'..'ssor  of  the 
reljgioa  of  the  gospel.  — Jliyl.  llcrLsliire,  233. 

DWIGIIT,  TiMi/nir,  1).  D.,  LL.  D.,  president 
of  Yale  college,  died  Jan.  1 1 ,  1S17,  aged  0 1.     He 
was  a  descendant,  in  the  fifth  generation,  from 
Timothy  Dwight,  who  died  in  Dedham,  Mass., 
Jan  31,  171f!,  aged  83,  and  whose  father,  John, 
r;ettled  at  Dedham   in  1035,  and  died  in  1053. 
The  names  of  his  ancestors  are  John,  Timothy, 
N'lfhaniel,  Col.  Timothy,  Major  Timothy.     Three 
successive   Timothys  raked   hay  together.     His 
father  was  Major  or  Col.  Timotliy  Dwight,  a  grad- 
uate of  Yale  college  in  1744,  and  a  respectable, 
l)ious  merchant  of  Northampton,  where  he  lived 
many  years  until,  in  1770,  in  order  to  provide  for 
the  settlement  of  two  of  his  sons,  he  repaired  to 
the  territory  of  the  Natchez,  of  which  he  was  one 
of  the  original  purclmsers  with  Gen.  Lyman,  his 
brother-in-law,  and    died   there   in    1770.      His 
mother  was  Mary,  the  third  daughter  of  Jona- 
than  Edwards.    He  was  born  at  Northampton 
May  14,  1752.    The  religious  impressions,  made 
upon   his  mind  l)y  the  instructions  of  his  intelli- 
gent and  excellent  mother,  were  never  eflaced ; 
she    also   very  successfully    directed    his    early 
studies.     In   his  fourth  year  he  could  read  the 
Bible  with  correctness.     While  in  Yale  college, 
where  he  was  graduated  in  1709,  for  the  two  first 
years,  through  the  folly  of  youth,  much  of  his 
time  was  misspent ;  but  during  the  two  last  years 
he  was  diligent,  devoting  fourteen  hoiu's  each  day 
to  study,  and  made  great  acquisitions.      From 
1709  to   1771,  he  taught  a  grammar  school  at 
New  Haven,  and  during  this  period  appropriated 
eight  hours  every  day  to  severe  study.    In  1771, 
at  the  age  of  nineteen,  he  was  chosen  a  tutor  in 
the  college,  and  continued  in  that  office  with  high 
reputation  six  years.     While  he  was  eminent  as  a 
teacher   of  mathematics,  guiding   his   pupils   in 
fluxions  and  in  the  jirincipia  of  Newton,  he  awak- 
ened a  new  zeal  in  the  cultivation  of  rhetoric  and 
oratory.    On  taking  his  second  degree  in  1772,he 
delivered  a  dissertation  on  the  history,  eloquence, 
and  poetry  of  the  Bible,  which  was  immediately 
published,  and  procured  him  great  honor.    At 
this  jieriod,  in  his  economy  of  time,  he  endeavored 
to  remove   the  necessity  of  bodily  exercise  by 
diminishing  greatly  the  quantity  of  food  ;  but  in  a 
few  months  his  health  began  to  decline.    He  was 
emaciated,   and    had    sullered   severely   by   the 
bilious  colic.     AVith  difficulty  was  he  removed  to 
Nortliampton.     But,  by  advice  of  a  physician,  he 
commenced  a  daily  coiu'se  of  vigorous  bodily  exer- 
cise, walking  and  riding ;  and,  persevering  in  it, 
enjoyed  uninterrujited  health  for  forty  years.     In 
1774,  at  the  age  of  twenty-two,  he  finished  his 
epic  poem,  "  The  Conquest  of  Canaan,"  which  he 
had  begun  three  years  before.    On  recovering 


'tii\ 


* 


' 


I 


316 


DWIGIIT. 


from  tho  Hmall  jinx,  liis  incautious  return  to  his  ' 
study  iujuiL'd  liis  eves,  which  caused  him  Tor  the 
remainder  of  his  lile  threat  jiain.  In  Marcii, 
1777,  he  niarriid  the  dau^^hter  of  Jleujamin 
Woolsey,  of  J,on^'  Ishind,  liy  wlioni  lie  liad  ciLjht 
sons,  six  of  uhom  survived  iiini.  In  Juno  he  was 
licensed  a»  a  jireachei- ;  and  in  Seiitenilier  lie 
witlidrcvv  from  tlie  coiicf^'e,  and  was  aiipointed 
chajjlaiii  to  (ien.  I'arsons'  l)rif,'ado  in  I'ulnam'.s 
division,  in  wliich  cajiaeity  he  continued  about  a  . 
year,  lie  joined  the  army  at  AVest  Point  in  Oct.  | 
While  ho  discharfred  his  aiiiiroju-iate  duties,  he 
also  emiiloyed  his  jioelical  jjowers  for  the  good  of 
his  country.  Of  his  poetical  sonjjs  at  that  period, 
his  "Columbia  "  is  still  remembered.  On  receiv- 
ing, in  Oct.,  1778,  the  news  of  the  death  of  his 
father  in  the  ])roeeding  year,  he  was  induced  to 
leave  the  army  and  to  remove  his  family  to 
Northamjiton,  that  he  might  console  his  mother 
and  provide  I'or  her  numerous  i'amily.  For  five 
years  he  hero  discharged  with  the  utmost  fidelity 
and  cheerfulness  tho  duties  of  a  son  and  a  brother, 
laboring  jiersonally  on  a  farm,  preaching  occa- 
sionally in  the  neighlioring  towns  of  Westfield, 
Deerfield,  and  South  Iladloy,  superintending  also 
a  school,  liis  income  he  exiiended  in  the  su])- 
port  of  the  common  iamily.  In  1781  and  178G 
he  was  a  member  of  tho  legislature.  AVith  many 
and  strong  motives  to  devote;  himself  to  civil  em- 
jiloymcnts,  he  yet  resolved  to  spend  his  days  in 
the  clerical  jirofession.  He  was  ordained,  Nov. 
5,  1783,  the  minister  of  Greenfield,  a  parish  of 
Fairfield,  and  continued  in  this  station  for  the 
next  twelve  years.  I  lis  method  of  preaclung  was 
to  write  the  heads  of  his  discourse  and  the  lead- 
ing thoughts,  and  to  fill  iij)  the  i)lan  at  tho  time 
of  delivery.  AVith  a  small  salary  of  500  dol- 
lars he  found  it  necessary  to  make  other  pro- 
vision for  his  faniil}-.  He  opened  an  academy, 
which  was  filled  with  jiupils  of  both  sexes,  and 
which  was  highly  celebrated  during  the  whole 
period  of  his  residence  in  Greenfield.  In  1785  he 
pubUshed  his  "  Conquest  of  Canaan,"  which  had 
been  written  eleven  years  before,  and  for  which 
three  thousand  sidiscribers  had  been  obtained. 
In  1794  he  published  his  poem,  in  seven  parts, 
called  "  Greenfield  Hill."  After  the  death  of  Dr. 
Stiles  he  was  chosen  j)rcsident  of  Yale  college, 
and  inaugurated  in  Sept.,  1795.  For  ten  years  he 
was  annually  ajipointed  professor  of  theology. 
In  1805  the  a])i)ointment  was  made  permanent. 
Having,  while  at  Greenfield,  written  in  short  notes 
and  j)reached  over  twice  a  com'se  of  lectures  on 
systematic  theology  in  about  one  hundred  ser- 
mons, he  went  through  with  them  twice  in  the 
same  state  at  Now  Haven,  frequently  adding  to 
their  number.  In  1805  he  began,  by  the  aid  of 
an  amanuensis,  to  write  out  these  sermons,  and 
finished  them  in  1809.  After  his  death  they  were 
published  iu  5  vols.,  being  one  hundred  aud 


DAA'IGIIT. 

seventy-throe  Kcrmons.  In  1800  wns  comjiletcd 
bis  revision  of  AVatts'  ]saluis,  to  which  he  added 
thirty-three  jisalms,  which  he  had  composed. 
In  ITilO  he  comnioncid  journeying  in  the  col- 
lego  vacations  of  May  and  Soptonibcr,  in  New 
Ilngland  and  Xew  York, and  coulinuod  this  prac- 
tice till  the  hist  year  of  his  life,  taking  notes, 
which  he  afterwards  wrote  out.  This  was  tho 
origin  of  his  book  of  travels,  jiublishcd  in  1  vols. 
The  last  journey  which  he  made  was  hi  Sejitcm- 
ber,  1815,  when  ho  jirocecdod  as  far  west  as 
Hamilton  college,  near  Utica.  In  Februarj-, 
1810,  ho  was  seized  with  a  most  threatening  dis- 
ease, an  aficction  of  the  bladder;  in  April  he  was 
deemed  beyond  recovery.  Under  all  his  sufl'or- 
ing  he  was  patient  and  resigned.  Hut  in  June  he 
was  able  again  to  ]n-each  in  tho  chapel,  and  in  his 
first  sermon  hcalludod  to  his  inijiression  in  his  sick- 
ness of  the  vanity  of  all  earthly  things.  He  said,  "  I 
have  coveted  rcjnitation  and  influence  to  a  degree 
which  I  am  unable  to  justify;"  and  he  earnestly 
warned  his  pujiils  against  the  iim-suit  of  earthly 
enjoyments,  'i'hough  ho  resumed  his  labors, 
yet  his  disease  was  only  mitigated,  not  removed. 
IJuring  the  last  few  months  of  his  life,  he  wrote 
on  the  evidences  of  revelation  and  other  subjects, 
—  the  whole  forming  matter  for  a  volume.  He 
wrote  also  tho  latter  half  of  a  jioem  of  fifteen  hun- 
dred lines,  in  the  measure  of  Spenser,  the  subject 
of  which  is  a  contest  between  genius  and  common 
souse  on  their  comparative  merits,  the  question 
being  decided  by  truth.  At  the  close  of  No- 
vember, he  became  too  unwell  to  continue  his 
labors  as  an  instructor  in  college.  His  widow, 
Mary,  died  Oct.  5, 1845,  aged  91, 

A  full  account  of  the  character  and  labors  of 
Dr.  Dwight  may  be  found  in  his  life,  prefixed  to 
his  system  of  theology.  Besides  his  printed 
works,  he  wrote  also  discourses,  preached  on  the 
Sabbath  before  commencement  to  the  senior  class, 
and  many  miscellaneous  sermons,  which,  it  is 
hoped,  may  be  given  to  the  jniblic.  The  following 
is  a  catalogue  of  his  publications :  the  history, 
eloquence,  and  jioetry  of  the  Bible,  1772;  the 
conquest  of  Canaan,  a  poem,  1785;  election  ser- 
mon, 1791 ;  the  genuineness  and  authenticity  of 
the  New  Testament,  1793;  Greenfield  Hill,  a 
poem,  1794;  the  triumph  of  infidelity,  a  poem, 
occasioned  by  Chauncy's  work  on  universal  salva- 
tion ;  two  discourses  on  the  nature  and  danger  of 
infidel  philosophy ;  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  Eliziu: 
Goodrich,  1797;  the  duty  of  Americans  at  the 
present  crisis,  1798;  on  the  character  of  AVash- 
ington,  1800;  on  some  events  of  the  last  century, 
1801 ;  on  the  death  of  E.  G.  Marsh,  1804;  on 
duelling,  1805  ;  at  the  theological  institution  at 
Andovor,  and  ordination  of  E.  Pearson,  1808;  on 
the  death  of  Gov.  Trumbull,  1809 ;  a  charity  ser- 
mon, 1810 ;  at  the  ordination  of  N.  AV.  Taylor ; 
on  the  fast;  on  the  national  fast,  1812 ;  a  sermon 


DWIOIIT. 


jmiGJIT. 


817 


before  the  American  bonrd  of  cominir.sinnrrs  for 
foroi^'ii  missions,  ISl.'J;  nnuiil.s  on  tlie  review  of 
Incliiii'iin'.s  letters,  iKl.j;  oliserviitiouK  on  lan- 
},'naf,'e,  and  an  essay  on  li-jht,  in  nienmirs  of  Conn, 
academy  of  seienccs,  1810;  theo!o;,'y  explained 
and  (lefen<led  in  a  series  of  sermons,  1  vols.,  sev- 
eral editions,  .\merlean  and  I'in^jlish  ;  travels  in 
New  l".n;,'lund  and  New  York,  l  vols.,  Kvo.,  l.soi. 
—  LiJ'i' ;  I'rr/'iicr  /o  his  Tlnnloijij  ;  Sjicr.  Aiinri- 
c<ni  /''"//•//,  1,  '^'S.i. 

])WKiirr,  Tin:oii<)]ii:,  died  in  New  York  .Tune 
11,  ISH),  njjed  HI,  tlic  tn-other  of  President  ])., 
and  Iiorn  in  Xortliamjiton.  He  studied  law  with 
his  uncle,  IMerjioiit  I'.dwards.  After  liavinj^  been 
a  member  of  eoiifjress,  be  eonducted  tbc  Hartford 
Mirror,  cnciiura^ed  by  I'iekeriiip, Cabot, and  llill- 
Iiou.se.  He  [jublished  a  history  of  the  Hartford 
convention,  of  which  he  was  the  secretary.  After 
editing  the  Albany  Daily  Advertiser,  lie  estab- 
lished, in  1S17,  the  New  Y'ork  Daily  Advertiser. 
He  was  a  true  i)alriot  and  Christian,  and  was  one 
of  the  finmders  and  directors  of  the  American 
l)il)le  society.  He  ])ublished  orations  l"i)8, 1801 ; 
history  of  the  Hartford  convention,  1833.  —  Siy- 
oiinii'ii's  1'.  MriiiUan,  18S. 

DWIGirr,  I'.i.iZAiiinn,  wife  of  the  iuis.sionary, 
H.  G.  ().  Dwi^ht,  died  of  the  ]ila;;ue  at  C'onstan- 
tino])le,  July  8,  1830,  ajjed  30.  Her  name  was 
I'llizabeth  IJarker,  of  Audover.  Her  memoir  was 
jjublished  in  1840,  witli  a  sketch  of  the  hfe  of 
Mrs.  Grant. 

DWIGHT,  Timothy,  died  in  New  Haven  Juno 
13,  1844,  af!;ed  OG.  He  wa.s  tlie  eldest  son  of  Dr. 
Dwi<?ht,  for  forty  years  n  merchant,  and  a  man  of 
integrity  and  benevolence.  His  wife,  Clarissa, 
dau<;hter  of  Gov.  C.  Strong,  died  Feb.  25,  ISJo, 
aged  71. 

D^^'IGHT,  S.vhati  Hookkr,  died  hi  New  Ha- 
ven May  8,  1838,  aged  10,  daughter  of  Timothy 
]  )wight,  a  member  of  the  Free  church.  She  de- 
jjarted,  like  a  multitude  of  other  subjects  of  God's 
grace  and  objects  of  his  love,  in  the  early  liour 
of  lile,  — 

"  As  sets  the  morninR  st.ar,  whioli  ptocs 
Not  ilowii  bcliind  tlio  cliirkonM  nest,  nor  hldca 
Obmiii'M  tininiiK  tlie  tonipcstn  of  the  sky, 
]lut  iiu'lts  avmy  into  tliu  light  of  hmvuii." 

DWIGHT,  EmviN  ^\.,  minister  of  Ilichmond, 
Mass.,  died  at  Stockbridge  Feb.,  or  March  20, 
1841,  aged  .00.  Hn  was  the  son  of  Henry  W. 
Dwight  of  Slockbridge,  who  died  in  1804,  and  the 
grandson  of  Gen.  Joseph  D.  Agradiuite  of  Y'^ale 
in  1809,  he  was  ordained  in  1819,  and  was  a  faith- 
fid  and  useful  minister.  His  brother,  Henry  W. 
D.,  a  member  of  congress  from  lierkshire  from 
1S21  to  1S31,  died  in  New  Y'ork,  I'eb.  21,  IHI,",. 

DWKillT,  Tiii-ononi;  SKixivvicK,  pastor  of  a 
cohn-ed  l'resl)yterian  elun-ch  in  New  York,  died 
in  that  city  March  2J,  1847.  aged  49. 

DWIGIIT,  EdmuM),  died  in  Boston  April  1, 


1819,  aged  09,  a  ]iatr<)n  of  le.iriiing.  Horn  in 
Springfield,  a  gri'.diiale  of  Yale  in  ITIiO,  be  wa.s  a 
merchant  and  maniilacturer  in  Sjiringlield  ;  after- 
wards a  residint  in  lioslou  and  i  senator.  He 
was  ])resident  of  the  Western  railroad.  He  made 
the  lilicriil  donation  of  I0,()()0  dollars  for  normal 
schools  in  Massacluisetts. 

])\VI(iin'.  liiNMAMiN  W(ioi.si:y.  M.  D.,  died 
at  Clinton,  X.  Y.,  May  IH,  bs.id,  aged  70,  the  son 
of  I'resident  I).  A  graduate  of  Yale  in  1799,  ho 
studied  ])hysic  and  ])raetised  some  years  in  Cats- 
kill.  Ill  health  led  him  to  other  employments  : 
he  was  a  hardware  merchant  in  New  York,  then 
fourteen  years  a  merchant  in  Catskill.  In  1831 
he  removed  to  Clinton  and  was  treasurer  of  Ham- 
ilton collegi'.  He  was  a  man  (tf  eminent  Chris- 
tian character.  —  Iiuli pctidnil,  June  27. 

DM'KillT,  Wii.i.iAM,  Dr.,  son  of  Cecil  D.  of 
Xortham|)ton  and  nephew  of  Ilev.  Dr.  1).  of 
New  Haven,  was  killed  at  Xorwalk,  with  forty- 
four  others.  May  0,  18.J3,  by  the  railroad  train 
Ijlimging  Mito  the  river,  in  consequence  of  the 
draw  of  the  bridge  being  carelessly  left  open. 
His  brother,  Timothy,  died  at  New  York,  prepar- 
ing to  be  a  missionary. 

DWIGHT,  Natiia-Mi:!.,  a  preacher,  died  at 
Oswego  June  11,  1831,  aged  08.  He  was  born 
in  Northampton ;  had  an  honorary  degree  at 
Y'alc  in  1815;  was  settled  in  West  Chester  in 
Colchester,  in  1812;  and  removed  to  Oswego. 
He  jjubhshed  a  school  geography,  179G;  flth 
edition,  1811. 

DWIGHT,  Hexry  E.,  son  of  President  D., 
died  in  New  Haven  Aug.  11,  1831,  aged  35.  A 
graduate  of  Y'ale  in  1815,  he  published  travels  in 
the  north  of  Germany  in  1825-0. 

DWIGHT,  AiiiGAiL,  widow  of  Henry  W.  D., 
died  in  Stockbridge  May  31, 1840,  aged  77.  She 
was  of  eminent  chara'jter  and  usefulness.  Her 
name  was  A\'ells  of  ^\'est  Hartford.  Her  sons 
were  men  of  eminence.  —  Boston  Recorder,  Nov. 
20,  1840. 

DWIGHT,  lloiiF.UT  O.,  missionary,  died  at 
^ladura  Jan.  7,  1844.  A  native  of  Northani])ton, 
a  descendant  of  President  Edwards,  he  graduated 
at  Andover  seminary  in  1834,  and  arrived  at  !Ma- 
dura  in  1830.  His  wii'e  was  Mary  Billings  of 
Conway. 

DWIGHT,  ^lARGATiKiTF.,  died  at  Northampton 
Sept.  5,  1840,  aged  41.  She  was  many  years  the 
excellent  teacher  of  the  female  fJothic  seminary 
in  Northampton.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Josiah 
and  lihoda  Dwight,  and  a  descendant  of  Presi- 
dent Edwards. 

DWIGHT,  Sf.rkno  F.DWAitDs,  D.  D.,  minister 
in  Boston,  died  in  Philadeljihia  Nov.  30,  1H50, 
aged  05.  He  was  the  son  of  President  Dwight, 
born  at  Greenfield  Hill;  was  graduated  hi  1803, 
was  a  tutor  li-om  1800  to  1810,  then  a  lawyer  for 
nearly  ten  years.    Afterwards  he  was  pastor  of 


i 


318 


DWIOIIT. 


EARLY. 


Park  fitrrpt  chnrch  in  Hostoii  for  spvrrnl  yonrs,  suc- 
ceeding Dr.  Ciriliin.  In  ISL'.),  iji  ill  iie:illli,  lie 
made  a  vr)yaf,'e  to  l''.iiro])e.  Havin;;  resijjneil  iiis 
jilacc  in  Iloston,  ho  o])eiie(l  in  New  Haven  a  lil;,'li 
Hchool  in  IS'JH,  with  his  lirotlier  Henry.  l''i(iin 
lH;i,'J  to  IKiO  h(^  was  the  president  of  Hamilton 
college.  His  wife,  Susan  ICdwards  I)af.';,'elt,  died 
in  Aiif^.,  is;}!).  After  fji'eat  bodily  and  mental 
Hufforinf;  lie  followed  her  to  the  i^rave.  Jle  ])ul)- 
lislied  llehrew  wife  ;  a  .••in','le  nerinon  ;  a  life  of 
Uniinerd ;  and  a  life  of  J'.dwards,  in  his  work.s, 
whieli  he  (ulited. 

DWICiHT,  Vunr,  Dr.,  died  at  Soutli  lladlcy, 
Mass.,  ,Tuno  1,  IN.il,  n;,'ed  01.  lie  commenced 
practice?  at  South  Hadley  in  l~{)3. 

DWICiHT,  Jdsiaii,  Dr.,  died  at  Portsmouth 
May  2,*,  lK,j,j,  afj;ed  7'J. 

mVIGIlT,  .Idii.n-  liiiKKi),  died  at  New  Haven 
Oct.  20,  1K1;J,  aji;vd  21,  a  tutor  in  Yale  colle;,'e. 
He  was  stabhed  hy  a  student  three  weeks  hefore 
his  death.  He  was  the  son  of  .John  Dwijijht  and 
Susan  Dreed,  and  ;;randson  of  President  J)wi>,'ht; 
a^radnaleof  Yale  in  INK),  of  the  first  distinction 
as  a  scholar,  a  man  of  jjiety  and  hififh  ])romise. 
AVliile  dischar^'iii},'  In's  duty  in  snj)j)ressinfi;  a  dis- 
turbance at  half-])ast  nine  in  the  eveniuf^of  Sejjt. 
3()th,  a  student  wounded  him  danfjerously  three 
times  with  a  knife;  the  wound  was  followed  by  a 
fatal  lever.  The  student,  Lewis  Fassett,  the  son 
of  a  rich  man  in  Philadel])hia,  was  admitted  to 
bail  in  the  sum  of  ,')(HW  dollars  ;  and,  instead  of 
being  ])unishe(l  for  nianslauf,'hter  or  murder,  was, 
to  the  dishonor  of  justice,  allowed  to  escape  with- 
out a  trial. 

])WIGHT,  Lofis,  secretary  of  the  ])rison  dis- 
cipline society,  died  in  I'oston  July  12,  1851,  afjed 
01.  Born  in  Stoekbrid;;e,  he  was  graduated  at 
Y'ale  in  1813.  He  was  the  secretary  of  llie  prison 
discipline  society,  and  the  agent  of  various  benev- 
olent societies.  His  wife,  Louisa,  daughter  of 
Nathaniel  Willis,  died  in  184!). 

DYCKMAN,  J.vton,  M.  ]).,  was  born  at  Y'on- 
kers,  Westchester  county,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  1,  1788. 
After  graduating  at  C'oluml)ia  college  in  1810,  he 
studied  jjliysic  with  Dr.  Hosack.  For  some  years 
lie  was  physician  of  the  city  disjiensary,  and  sur- 
geon of  the  alms-house  at  New  Y'ork;  in  1821  he 
was  appointed  health  commissioner.  He  died  of 
the  consumption  at  the  residence  of  his  lather  at 
King's  Uridge,  Dec.  5,  18ii2,  in  Christian  compos- 
ure. In  the  days  of  his  health  he  had  regarded 
morality  as  all  that  religion  demanded ;  but  in 
his  sickness  ho  jjerceived,  that  the  divine  com- 
mands in  the  Scrijjture  ai'c  the  measure  of  duty, 
and  that  God  demands  the  homage  of  the  heart. 
He  published  a  dissertation  on  the  i)atholog\  of  the 
human  fluids  ;  an  im])roved  edition  of  Duncan's 
dispensatory,  1818;  an  essay  on  adipocire,  in 
trans.  N.  Y.  Lyceum.  Ho  also  had  made  pro- 
gress in  collecting  materials  for  a  work  en  the 


vcgetahle  materia  niedica  of  the  United  States. — 

'J7ii"'//n'«  Ml  il.  Illiii/, 

DYi'.U,  M  \iiY,  a  victim  of  persecution,  was 
the  wile  of  William  Dyer,  who  removed  from 
Massachusetts  to  Uhnde  Island  in  Ki.'lK.  Having 
;  been  sentenced  to  execution  for  "  rebellious  sedi- 
tion and  obtruding  herself  after  l>anishment  u|H)n 
jiain  of  death,"  she  was  re|>rieved  at  the  re(|uest 
of  her  son,  on  condition  that  she  dejiarted  in 
forty-eight  hours  and  did  not  return.  She  re- 
turned, and  was  executed  .Fune  1,  KiOO. 

DYI'Ml,  I''.Ln'nAi,i;T,chief  justice  of  the  supremo 
court  of  CoiHi.,  died  at  Windham  May  ]!j,  1807, 
aged  8(i.  He  was  the  son  of  Tliomas  ]).  of 
Windham,  and  grandson  of  Thomas  ]).  of  Wey- 
mouth in  l(io2,  and  graduated  at  Yale  college  in 
1740.  He  was  colonel  of  a  regiment  raised  in 
17j8  for  the  cxjiedition  against  Crown  Point.  Ho 
was  a  delegate  to  the  congress  of  X'Vm  and  to 
that  of  1774  ;  was  ajjpointed  judge  in  1700,  and 
cliief  justice  in  1780,  in  which  office  he  contiinied 
till  1707.  Ho  contributed  his  efforts  with  other 
])atriots  to  j)romotc  and  suj)port  the  independence 
of  his  country. 

EAMKS,  Thomas,  a  Baptist  minister,  died  in 
A])iiletoii,  Mass.,  in  1826,  aged  8,5.  He  formerly 
])reached  in  Isleborongh,  Me.,  and  was  an  excel- 
lent man  and  an  acceptable  preacher. 

EAllLl'',  Ja.MKS,  a  jiortrait  painter,  was  born 
at  Paxtnn,  or  Leicester,  Mass.,  the  son  of  Cajit. 
Ralph  Earle,  and  went  to  London,  where  he 
gained  some  distinction  as  a  painter,  and  where 
ho  married.  He  died  at  Charleston  of  the  yel- 
low fever  in  Aug.,  1790,  leaving  hi  London  a  wife 
and  three  children.  At  the  time  of  his  death 
there  was  perhajjs  no  painter  in  this  country  of 
sui)erior  skill. 

IvVItLE,  IiALrii,a  portrait  painter,  brother  of 
the  jjreccding,  was  born  at  Leicester,  and  was 
employed  in  lUiodo  Island  in  making  fans  before 
he  went  to  England.  He  was  with  Stewart  at 
the  royal  institution  in  London.  He  painted  the 
king.  IJy  Stewart  he  was  regarded  as  one  of  the 
best  of  painters.  In  this  country  he  painted  in 
Bennington  and  Albany.  He  died  at  Bolton, 
Conn.,  Aug.  16,  1801,  aged  50.  A  son  of  his 
afterwards  lived  at  New  Orleans,  also  a  distin- 
guished painter. 

EAULE,  Flint,  died  at  I,eicester  in  Dec,  1 8.32, 
aged  70.  He  belonged  to  the  society  of  Friends ; 
and  was  an  ingenious  cardmakcr. 

FLUILE,  lliciiAUD  T.,  chief  judge  of  the 
second  district,  ^Maryland,  died  in  Centrcville 
Nov.  22,  1813,  aged  7(5.  Ho  practised  law  from 
1787  to  1810,  and  llien  was  judge  till  his  resigna- 
tion in  183L  He  was  an  eminent  man.  llever- 
encing  the  Christian  religion,  he  experienced  its 
consolations  in  his  last  hours. 

EAllLY',  PliTEU,  governor  of  Georgia,  died 
Aug.  15,  1817.    He  was  a  distinguished  lawyer. 


EASTBURN. 


I'ATOX. 


319 


In  1S02,  he  was  ti  mcnilicr  of  cnrifprss  mid  n 
('(('idcd  rpimblican ;  in  1H(I"  lie  \v;is  appointed  a 
jii(l;^c  of  till'  su].fL'mo  t'onrt  of  (i('or;;ia.  I'roni 
l,si;j  to  IHl.j  liu  Wiis  (governor,  in  which  cn])acily 
hi'  prcvciiti'd  the  onuclnuMit  of  a  hiw  to  obstruct 
tlic  collection  of  debts,  and  tiius  placed  a  ^'ood 
example  Ijefore  those  f^overnors,  who  from  love 
of  i)opularitj  or  olhcc  shrink  from  the  hone  ' 
dischar^'e  of  duty,  which  rccptires  them  to  resist, 
as  far  ns  they  iiavc  jjower,  all  pernicious,  oi)prcs- 
sive,  ini<piitous  lci,'islation. 

I",ASTIJUUN,  J()Si;i'n,  a  ])reaclicr  to  seamen 
in  riiiladelphia,  died  Jan.  ao,  1»'2H,  nfjed  7U. 
Many  thous.-nds  attended  his  funeral.  His  cofHn 
was  carried  by  twelve  sailors.  At  the  jjrave  Dr. 
Grceri  rk-livered  an  address.  When  he  bcf^an  to 
jireach  to  seamen,  about  1820,  "we  i)rocured," 
he  said,  "  a  sail-loft,  and  on  the  Sabbath  hunj; 
out  a  flag.  As  the  sailors  came  by,  they  hailed 
us,  '  Ship  ahoy ! '  Wo  answered  them.  They 
asked  us,  'Where  we  were  bound?'  Wo  told 
them,  to  the  port  of  New  Jerusalem ;  and  that 
they  would  do  well  to  go  in  the  fleet.  '  Well,' 
said  they, '  we  will  come  ir.  and  hear  your  terms.'" 
This  was  the  beginning  of  the  mariner's  church. 
Mr.  E.  was  eminently  pious,  and  devoted  to  this 
work. 

EASTBURN,  Jamks  Wai.li.s,  a  poet,  the  son 
of  James  Eastburn,  New  York,  at  an  early  ])criod 
was  settled  or  obout  to  be  settled  os  the  pastor 
of  St.  George's  church,  Accomac  county,  Virginia, 
and  died  at  sea  on  a  voyage  to  the  West  Indies 
for  his  health,  Dec.  2,  1819,  aged  22.  After  his 
death  the  poem,  which  he  wrote  ui  conjunction 
with  his  friend,  Robert  C.  Sands,  was  published, 
entitled,  Yamoyden,  a  tale  of  the  wars  of  king 
I'hilip,  in  six  cantos,  12mo.,  1820.  —  Specimens 
American  Poelry,  II.  228. 

i;.\STMAN,  Jon,  died  in  Norway,  'Sic,  1845, 
aged  '.),').     He  held  three  hundred  justice's  courts. 

E  ASTON,  Nicholas,  governor  of  Rhode  Island, 
came  to  this  country  with  two  sons  in  103G,  and 
removed  in  1G39  to  Newport,  where  he  built  the 
first  house.  lie  exerted  himself  to  secure  civil 
and  religious  liberty  with  Coddington,  and  was 
governor  from  ICGO  to  1G55,  when  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  R.  Williams.  In  1C72  he  succcceded 
B.  Arnold  and  was  succeeded  in  107 1  by  W.  Cod- 
dington. lie  died  in  1075,  aged  83.  His  son, 
John,  governor  from  1090  to  1095,  died  in  1705, 
aged  85. 

IvVSTON,  Jamf,.s,  colonel,  a  soldier  of  the  Rev- 
olution, died  at  rittsfield  after  the  war.  lie  was 
a  representative  and  a  deacon  of  the  church. 
With  Arnold  and  Brown  he  was  engaged  in  the 
capture  of  Ticonderoga  May  10,  1775,  and  was 
sent  with  the  intelligence  to  the  provmclal  assem- 
bly of  Massachusetts  at  Watertown.  Jan.  9,  1770, 
congress  voted  their  ai)]irobulion  of  his  good  con- 
duct.   Dr.  Timothy  Childs  married  his  daughter. 


E.VSTON,  Vioi.irm:,  a  colored  woman,  died  at 
I'rovidenee,  R.  I.,  Manii  (>,  IS.'jH,  aged,  as  was 
supjxised,  1 10. 

I'.ATOX,  Tiii;oi'iiiT.is,  first  governor  of  New 
Haven  colony,  died  Jan.  7,  Hi.'j",  aged  ()(!.  Ho 
was  born  at  Stony-Stratford  in  O.^t'ordhhire,  his 
fither  being  the  minister  of  that  ])lace.     He  was 

■ed  a  merchant,  and  was  for  several  years  agent 
for  the  King  of  I'.ngland  at  the  court  of  Denmark  ; 
and  after  his  return  prosecuted  his  business  in 
London  with  high  rejnitation.     lie  aeeompanied 
Mr.  ])ave)i])ort  to   New  England  in  Huil,  ond 
soon  after  his  arrival  was  chosen  one  of  tiie  mag- 
istrates of  ]\fassaehusetts.     He  was  one  of  the 
foiniders  of  New  Haven  in  HWH,  nnd  was  annu- 
ally elected  governor  till  his  death.     His  brother, 
Samuel,  was  assistant  minister  to  Mr.  ])aven|)ort 
from  1010  to  Kill,  and  died  in  England  in  1005. 
The  wisdom  and  integrity  of  his  administration 
attracted  tmiversal  respect.     As  a  magistrate,  ho 
ifas  impartial  in  the  distriljution  of  justice,  and 
was  invested  with  an   indescribable  dignity  and 
majesty.    He  was  amiable  in  all  the  relations  of 
life.     In  conversation  he  was  ali'able,  courteous, 
and  pleasant,  but  always  cautions,  and  grave  on 
projjcr  occasions.     Though  his  family  were  some- 
times very  num(?rous,  it  was  under  the  most  per- 
fect government.     All  the  members  of  it  were 
assembled  morning  and  evening,  and  the  gover- 
nor, after  reading  the  Scrijjtures,  and  making 
useful  observations  upon  them,  addressed  himself 
to  heaven  with  the  greatest  reverence  and  i)erti- 
nency.     On  the  Sabbath  and  on  other  days  of 
public  devotion  he  spent  an  hour  or  two  willi  his: 
family,  giving  them  instruction  in  religious  truth 
and  duty.recommendhig  to  them  the  study  of  the 
Scriptm'es,  and  the  practice  of  secret  jjrayer.     He 
was  beloved  by  his  domestics,  and  ever  jsrcserved 
the  esteem  of  the  commonwealth.      His  monu- 
ment, erected  at  the  public  expense,  and  which 
remains  to  the  present  day,  has  upon  it  the  fol- 
lowing lines : 

"  E:iton,  po  metk,  so  faniM,  so  just, 
Thu iilioenix  of  our  worlil,  licru biilos  liisduit ; 
This  name  forget  Xew  Eiiglund  never  must.'' 

—  NeaVs  iV.  E.  I.  318;  Trumhull's  Conn.  I.  90, 
240;  Ilulmcs;  Douglass,  11.  100.  Bacon's  Hist. 
JJisconrsrs. 

EATON,  Samuix,  minister  of  Harpswell, 
Maine,  was  the  son  of  I'lisha  Eaton,  minister 
of  Quincy,  ai^l  afterwards  of  Harpswell  from 
1753  till  his  death,  April  22,  1704.  He  was  born 
April  3,  1737;  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
1703;  was  ordained  Oct.  21, 1704;  and  died  Nov. 
5,  1822,  aged  85,  in  the  fifly-nuith  year  of  his 
ministry.  Probably  no  minister  in  Maine  had 
preached  so  many  years.  Mr.  Eaton  was  the 
only  physician  of  the  town  ;  as  a  magistrate  he 
was  also  very  useful,  lie  was  the  last  of  the 
ministers  of  Maine  who  wore  a  large  white  wig. 


r 


320 


I'ATON. 


EATON. 


M 


\i 


lie  one  Snbhalh  morniiiff  prrnrhcd  nt  Ilninswick, 
wlicii  till'  jii(li,'('s  (if  tin.'  suprc'inc  court  of  Massii- 
cliusi'ttM,  flicn  iiifhidiiif;  tlic  <listrirt  of  .Miiiiic, 
were  jirc'Nciit,  wliosu  ciiNtoiii,  he  knew,  wiiH  to 
prosecute  their  journey  in  the  aftenuion,  in  order 
to  open  the  eourt  lit  Wiseasset  on  Monday.  Jn 
hiN  jirayer,  therefore, he  >;ave  tlianks  to  the  Lord, 
that  the  judjjeH  of  the  siqireine  court,  lliose  em- 
inent men,  liad  set  sucli  a  good  example  to  all 
the  ])eo])le,  as  to  sto)i  travelhiif,'  and  eoine  ii])  to 
tlic  house  of  (iod  to  worship,  etc.  They  found 
tlicniselve.s  ()l)li>,'ed  to  rest  in  the  afternoon  as 
well  as  the  forenoon.  He  was  one  of  the  Krst 
overseers  of  Ilowdoin  collef;e,  and  jiresident  of 
the  Maine  missionary  Hocicty  from  IHO!)  to"  1815. 
The  evanffclical  doctrines,  which  he  ])rertched, 
snstained  him  as  he  ap])roached  the  grave.  He 
puhlished  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  Jacob  Abbot, 
18U().  —  AUch'.i  Funeral  Scniidii. 

E.VrOX,  William,  general,  died  at  IJrinifield, 
Mass.,  June  1,  1811,  aged  17.  He  was  born  itl 
AVoodstock,  Conn.,  l''eb.  23,  1"()4.  His  father,  a 
farmer  and  Hchoolmaster,  removed  to  Mansfield 
about  1771.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  elo])ed 
from  home  and  enlisted  in  the  army,  from  which 
lie  was  discharged  in  ITH.'J.  He  afterwards 
stndied  with  the  ministers  of  Franklin,  AVindham, 
and  Mansfield,  and  was  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
college  in  1790.  I!y  keej)ing  school  he  provided 
for  the  ex])enses  of  his  education.  In  17!)2  he 
was  appointed  a  captain  in  the  army,  and  soon 
repaired  to  Ohio.  He  continued  in  service  until 
July  11,  17!)7,  when  he  was  a])pointed  consul  at 
Tunis,  though  he  did  not  sail  till  Dec.,  179H,  in 
company  with  Mr.  Cathcart,  consul  to  Tripoli. 
AVhen  tlie  efforts  of  Com.  I'reble  proved  unavail- 
ing to  humble  the  bashaw  of  Trijioli,  Mr.  Eaton 
projected  an  alliance  with  his  brother,  Hamet, 
the  rightful  sovereign,  then  in  exile  at  Tunis,  the 
object  of  which  was  to  recover  for  him  the  sov- 
ereignty and  with  him  to  estaiilish  a  permanent 
peace.  The  j)laii  was  approved ;  and,  as  he  had 
returned  to  the  United  States  in  May,  ISOii,  ho 
was  a])])ointcd  navy  agent  March  .'50,  1804,  and 
authorized  to  ])roceed  again  to  the  Mediterranean 
and  to  execute  the  project  against  Tripoli.  He 
sailed  hi  the  s(|uadroii  of  Com.  liarron.  In  Nov. 
he  proceeded  in  the  Argus  to  Alexandria,  in 
search  of  Haniet,  whom  at  last  he  found  in  Eeb., 
180o.  l]y  their  united  exertions  a  little  army  of 
live  hundred  men  was  raised.  March  Gth  he 
entered  the  desert  of  Lybia  at  their  head,  it 
being  arranged  that  the  American  ileet  should 
co-oj)crate  in  the  exjiedition.  In  his  army  were 
men  of  twelve  ditlereut  nations,  among  whom 
wore  eleven  Americans,  and  seventy  or  eighty 
Greeks  and  Erenchmen.  After  surmounting 
great  obstacles,  and  marching  fifty  days  over  a 
S2)ace  of  six  hundred  miles  in  the  desert,  he  en- 


rnmprd,  April  20,  in  the  rear  ot  Deme.  7hi« 
tiiwn  was  the  capital  of  the  richest  province  of 
Trijioli.  It  contained  fifteen  thousand  souls,  and 
was  defended  by  a  fort  and  batteries,  and  strong 
garrison.  Eaton,  with  an  army  now  increased  by 
the  addition  of  Arabs  to  twenty-five  hundred 
men,  commenced  the  attack  on  the  27th,  with  the 
important  aid  of  three  frigates.  In  twi)  hours  the 
town  was  captured.  He  was  wounded  in  the  left 
wrist  by  a  ])istol-l)all.  A  large  army,  collected  by 
Jussuf  or  Jose])h  Hashaw,  soon  ajijieared  before 
the  town,  and  was  defeated  in  n  battle  May  13; 
and  met  with  a  complete  repulse  June  10,  and 
thus  a  way  was  ojiened  to  the  gates  of  Tripoli. 
At  this  moment,  when  the  intre])id  soldier  was 
anticii)ating  the  accomplishment  of  his  ])roject,  a 
jieace  was  concluded  by  Tobias  Lear,  wlio  had 
authority  for  the  iinrjiose,  and  he  agreed  to  pay 
(iO.OOO  dollars  for  the  redemption  of  three  hun- 
dred Americans  in  slavery.  The  indignant  feel- 
ings of  ICaton  at  being  thus  arrested  in  his  career 
of  trium|)h  were  unutterable.  After  his  return 
he  was  invited  iiy  Uurr  to  engage  in  his  conspir- 
acy, which  he  disclosed,  and  was  a  witness  against 
the  eonsj)irat(H'.  Erom  the  United  States  govern- 
ment he  failed  to  obtain  the  compensation  he  ex- 
pected. In  1807  he  was  a  representative  from 
Urimfield.  In  reward  of  his  heroism,  the  legisla- 
ture of  Massachusetts  jiresented  him  with  ten 
thousand  acres  of  land,  half  of  which  M'as  sold  at 
fifty  cents  jjcr  acre.  The  last  years  of  his  lilb 
were  ])assed  amidst  the  pains  of  disease  and  the 
distresses  of  jioverty,  to  which  his  own  impru- 
dence had  reduced  him.  Ho  was  intemjicrate. 
Of  the  consolations  of  religion  ho  was  ignorant. 
Ho  left  five  children.  His  wii'e,  Eliza,  whom  ho 
married  in  1792,  was  the  widow  of  Gen.  Timothy 
Daniolson  of  Urimfield.  A  daughter,  now  do- 
ceased,  married  in  1820  Ilev.  'Mr.  S])rague  of 
West  Siiringfield.  His  eldest  son,  Lieut.  AVil- 
liam,  died  in  1828.  His  life,  written  by  Prentice, 
was  jniblished,  8vo.,  181,'5. 

EATON,  Samuix,  died  in  Denton,  Lancashire, 
England,  in  1004,  aged  08.  Ho  was  a  colleague 
minister  with  Mr.  Davenport  at  New  Haven,  in 
1G3S,  and  was  tin  in-other  of  Gov.  Eaton.  He 
was  more  democratic  in  his  notions  than  Mr.  D., 
and  wished  to  retain  in  the  hands  of  the  free  plant- 
ers the  jiowor  of  choosing  magistrates,  instead  of 
hitriisting  it  to  others.  In  1G40  lie  went  to  Eng- 
land in  order  to  gather  a  comjiany  for  the  settle- 
ment of  liranford.  IJut  he  was  settled  in  Cheshire, 
until  ousted  by  the  act  of  uniformity  in  1002.  He 
published  various  treatises  in  defence  of  Congre- 
gationalism, and  against  the  Quakers. — Calumy ; 
Bacon's  llist.  Disvuurscs,  01. 

EATON,  Joshua,  first  minister  of  Spencer, 
^lass.,  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1735; 
studied  law  with  Judge  Trowbridge,  and  settled  in 


i:at()\. 


i;i)i»Y. 


3U1 


tlic  irarllrp  nt  Worrrstrr  i  wns  nr(lainr<l  Xdv.  7. ' 
1711;  iiiiil  (lii'il  April  '2,  \'1'2.     A  mmi  and  jjraiiil- 
MiM   ucrc   jiliysiciaiis.       A   volmiic  iit'  si'Vcti  kt- 
iniiMs    was    piililisht'd,   villi   ii   memoir   liy    Mr.  , 
I'orlicN,  Nvo.,  ITT.'t. 

I'.ATOX,  ArnriMl.,  widow,  died  at  I'rnvpfcl, 
Me. ,  Sept.,  1 SL':!,  aficd  lO'J  ycaiN  and  !)  morillis.       , 

I'.A'I'ON',  Amin,  prol('s^or  in  the  ItcnNschuT 
institute,  died  at  Troy,  \.  Y.,  May  Id,  \XV2,  a^'cd 
(!.").  Ill  1701  he  was  an  a|)pri'iiti<i'd  hlarkMuilli  j 
in  171III  lio  was  1,'radnalcd  at  Williams  collcf^c,  and 
al'tcrwa  U  studied  law  under  Ilamilti<n,  and  was 
ndmilled  to  the  liar.  'I'licn  lie  lieeaine  a  land- 
snrvcyor  and  af,'ent  lor  the  l.iviiii,'s|on  estates  on 
the  liiidson.  A  jieriod  of  afllictioii  t'ollnwed,  oc- 
cat-ioned  hy  his  own  niii-condiict.  He  then 
studied  hotaiiy,  chemistry,  and  niineralofjy,  nt 
Yale  eollej,'e.  In  IS  17  he  leetured  nt  M'illiams 
college  on  the  national  scienees.  In  IHIS  DeWitt 
Clinton  invited  him  to  deliver  piihlie  leetiires  nt 
Alhnny.  In  IH'JO  (ien.  S.  Van  Jteiisselacr  em- 
l)loyed  him  to  niaku  ii  };eolof,'ical  survey  of  the 
country  adjoining,'  the  jjreat  western  canal ;  the 
result  was  puhlished  in  IH'Jt,  in  KiO  pa^'es.  Ity 
the  mniiiliceiiee  of  Mr.  Van  K.,the  school  at  Troy 
was  estalilished  and  Mr.  K.  was  appointed  senior 
professor.  Ho  made  the  classes  exiierimenters. 
Hundreds  from  various  States  were  educated  by 
him.  lie  published  n  manual  of  botany,  which,  in 
8th  edit.,  is  called  Xorth  .\mcrican  botany.  His 
index  to  the  f^ecdof  of  the  northern  States,  1818, 
nnd  'Jd  edition,  U;."();  ])hilosophical  instructor, 
18'J4  ;  and  various  jjapers  in  SiUiman's  journal. 

EATON,  Pi;ti;u,  I).  1).,  diednt  Iloxford.Mass., 
April  U,  1848,  af,'ed  82.  Horn  in  Haverhill,  lie 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1787,  nnd  was  fifty-seven 
years  a  ])astor.  He  published  thanUsf;iving  ser- 
mon, 17!)!»;  at  eli'ction,  1819;  nt  iiistnllation  of 
II.  C.  I'erley  ;  nt  ordiiintion  of  P.  S.  Eaton,  182G; 
address  to  agricultural  society,  182.'5. 

IX'C'LES'i'OX,  Sajii'i:!,,  Catholic  archbishop, 
died  in  Georgetown,  ]).  C,  Ajiril  8,  1801,  aged  60. 
He  was  of  I'rotcstant  birth  and  was  sent  to  St. 
Mary's  college,  lialtimore.  He  succeeded  Arch- 
bisho])  Whitfield  in  18;]4. 

ECKFOHI),  IIF.NKY,  died  at  Constantinople 
Nov.  11,  18.'J2.  He  was  an  enterprising  and  dis- 
tinguished citizen  of  New  Y'ork. 

ECKLEY,  JosKi'il,  1).  1).,  minister  of  Boston, 
died  April  30,  181 1,  aged  (iO.  He  was  born  in  Lon- 
don Oct.  22,  17.")0.  His  father  removing  to  New- 
Jersey  about  1707,  he  was  graduated  at  I'rince- 
lOii  college  in  1772.  He  was  ordained  at  Boston, 
as  the  successor  of  Mr.  Hunt,  over  the  old  South 
cimgrcgation,  Oct.  27,  1779.  The  society  at  this 
time  made  use  of  the  King's  chapel,  as  the  old 
south  meeting-house,  after  being  occupied  by  the 
British  trooj)s,  was  not  rejiaired  and  rc-occujiied 
till  March  2,  1783.  llev.  Joshua  Huntington  was 
41 


ordained  as  colleague  ]iastor  May  18,  1808.     Hr. 
I'.ckley    tlied  after  a   ^llort    illness.     Hi-  wit'e,  a 
daugliter  of  Jidiii  Jeffries,  survived  hini,  nn<l  died 
ill  1H2."».     Hiuing  twenty-four  years,  he  admitted, 
oil  an  average,  only  about  live  |iersoiis  a  vear  into 
the  ibureli;  luit  in    lM(i:i  and  18(l|  he  made  new 
ellurts  to  promote  a  revival  of  religion  among  Inn 
people;    the   Tuesday    evening   meeting,    amidst 
mueh  o]ipositioii,  was  estaldished, exerting  a  most 
important,  beneficial  inllueiiee.     In  his  religious 
sentiments,  while   Dr.  I'.ek ley  held  fast   to  all  llio 
oilier  doclriiies  of  the  evangelical  system,   he  be- 
came a  senii-.\iiaii  or  Worcesteriaii  in  his  views 
of  the  ]iersoii  or  Christ,     lie  wrote    as  followH: 
"My   ])lan   res])eeting  the  Son  of  (iod  wns  very 
similar  to  what  your  brother  (l)r.  N.  Worcester) 
has  now  adopted.     The  common  ])lan  of  three 
self-existent  persons,  Ibrniing  one   essence  or  in- 
finite being,  and  one  of  these  jiersons  being  united 
to  a  mail,  but  not  in  thi'  least   humbling  himself 
or  suffering,  leads  to,  and  ends  in,  Sociniaiiisin; 
and,  though  it  claims  the  form  of  orthodoxy,  it  is 
as  a  shadow  without  the  substance  ;  it  eludes  in- 
spection; and  I  sometimes  say  to  those,  who  are 
strenuous  for  this  doctrine,  that  they  take  nway 
my  L(n-d  and  I  know  not  where  they  place  him." 
"  The  orthodoxy,  so  called,  of  Waterland,  is  as 
repugnant  to  my  reason  and  views  of  religion,  as 
the  heterodoxy  ol'  Lnrdner  ;  nnd  I  nm  nt  a  loss  to 
see,  thnt  nny  solid  sntisl'action,  for  a  person,  who 
wishes  to  find  salvation  through  the  death  of  the 
Son  of  God,  can  be  found  in  either."    "  I  seek  for 
a  plan,  which  exalts  the  jiersoiial  character  of  the 
Son  of  God  in  the  highest  possible  degree."    He 
sup])oscd  the  Son  to  be  derived  from  the  Father, 
God  of  God,  Light  of  Light,  having  a  renl  Divine 
nature,  yet  being  derived,  not  self-existent  and 
independent.      He  published   an   essay   on   the 
Divhie  glory  in  the  condemnation  of  the  ungodly, 
1782;  nt  the  nrtillery  election,  1792;  at  the  in- 
stnllntion    of  Mr.   I'^vans ;    at  the   thanksgiving, 
1797  ;    before    the    Asylum,    1802 ;    before   the 
society  for  jiropagnting  the  gosjiel,  180i3 ;  nt  in- 
stallation of  II.  Holly,  in  1809;  Hudleian  lecture 
of  1800,  IHIO.— Winner's  Hist,  of  the  Old  tioulh 
Clamh,  4.5. 

EDDY,  Joiix  H.,  died  Dec.  22,  1817,  aged  35. 
He  pidilished  a  circular  map  of  thirty  miles  around 
New  Y'ork,  1814;  a  map  of  the  western  part  of 
New  Y'ork;  a  map  to  illustrate  the  communica- 
tion between  hike  Erie  and  the  Hudson ;  and  a 
maj)  of  the  State  of  New  Y'ork. 

EDDY',  JoMiUA,  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution, 
died  at  Middleborough,  Mass.,  May  1,  1833,  aged 
8j.  He  was  the  son  of  Zaehariah  E.  nnd  Mercy 
Morton,  a  descendant  of  George  M.,  the  brother- 
in-law  of  Gov.  Brndford.  He  was  a  descendant 
of  William  E.,  a  nonconformist  minister  in  Cran- 
brook,  Ky.     His  wife,  Lydia    I'addock,  was  a 


Ii: 


322 


F.DDY. 


dMrrndnnf  of  fjnv.  H.  In  1777  ho  rnisrd  mid 
cnmmiiiuli'il  ii  ('(1111111111),  nnd  he  l'citi;;ht  in  several 
battles,  As  an  eniinint  ('liii>li:in  lie  was  ns  ImiIiI 
n^ninst  llic  eneniies  nl'  (idil,  as  he  had  liceii 
Dffainst  llie  em  niies  nf  lii>.  emiiitry. 

IIDDY,  Sami  i;f,,  l.f,.  |l.,  died  at  rnivideliee 
Ft'li.  '2,  ^^.')i^  a(,'eil  (i^.  lie'  was  a  nieniher  of 
conxroNHj  Hi'crctary  nf  State  twenty-one  yearK  1 
chid"  justice  of  Itliode  I^!and  eij;lit  years.  lie 
pilldislied  aMt!(|iiiti('s,  ete. 

KI)J)Y,  Joanna,  Mrs.,  dii'd  at  \ew  Salem, 
Mass.,  \ov.  (I,  I.s;i!»,  a;;ed  KMI. 

J''J)I'',S,  Iti.NJAMiN,  a  printer  in  lloston,  died  in 
Dee.,  1H():1,  a^id  H{).  He  wasa  native  of  Cliarles- 
towii,  and  hej,'an  liiisiness  in  17.J,j  with  .lohn  (iill. 
IIo  jinldished  the  llostmi  (iazette  and  Country 
Journal.  Durinf;  the  controversy  with  (ireat 
liritain  this  paper  was  devoted  to  the  cause  of 
freedom,  and  jiad  a  wide  circulation  ai  d  great 
influence.  No  nevvsiiajier  did  more  to  promote 
indc])endenee.  Afterwards,  other  pajiers  in  a 
proat  measure  nuiierseded  it.  Ity  tlie  deprecia- 
tion of  ])a])er  money,  Mr.  Mdes  lost  his  jiroperly  ; 
and  the  aged  patriot  died  in  poverty.  —  'J'/iumtis, 

I.  3n-;iio. 

ED.MOXI),  William,  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Connecticut,  died  at  Newton,  Conn.,  Aug. 
1,  1«;1S,  nged  HO.  lie  graduated  at  Yale  in  1777, 
ond  had  heeii  a  memlier  of  congress. 

EDSON,  Cai.vix,  "  a  living  skeh'ton,"  died  at 
Randolph,  Vt.,  Sept.,  IH.'J.'J  j  his  weight  vva-  I'orty- 
five  jjounds.  There  was  a  constriction  of  his 
thoracic  duct. 

EDAVAllDS,  Rtciiaud,  a  merchant,  the  only 
child  of  AVilliam  and  Agnes  Edwards,  was  born 
in  May,  1047,  at  Hartford,  Conn.,  where  he  re- 
sided during  his  Hfe.  His  grandfather  was  Rich- 
ard Edwards,  of  London,  who,  it  is  siij)])osed  liy 
Dr.  Tryon  lulwards,  was  the  son  of  Rev.  ]{.  !•",., 
of  O.xford.  He  was  a  man  of  wealth,  of  intelli- 
gence, and  of  great  rcsjiectahility.  At  an  early 
age  he  liecamc  a  commuiiieaiit  in  the  Congrega- 
tional church,  and  adorned  his  jirofcKsion  hy  a 
long  life  of  integrity  and  unusual  devotcdness  to 
the  cause  of  religion.  During  his  last  sickness 
he  exhibited  a  bright  cxamjile  of  Christian  resig- 
nation and  triuui])hant  faith.  He  died  Ajiril  _(>, 
171H,  aged  70.  Uy  liis  first  wife,  I'^lizabcth, 
daughter  of  Wm.  Tuthill,  merchant,  of  New  Ha- 
ven, he  had  seven  children,  the  eldest  of  whom 
was  Rev.  Timothy  ]'].,  the  father  of  Jonathan  J  id- 
wards.  By  his  second  wife,  the  sister  of  John 
Talcott  of  Hartford,  he  had  six  children.  —  Screito 
E.  Dtciijlil'x  Life  (if  Edii-nrds. 

EDWARDS,  Timothy,  first  minister  of  East 
Windsor,  Conn.,  the  son  of  the  jireceding,  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1G91.  He  was 
ordained  in  May,  1()94.  In  tlie  year  175.5  ho 
received  Josejih  I'erry  as  his  colleague.    After  a 


I'.DWARDS. 

ministry  of  Nixly-lhrro  yenrn  he  died  Jan.  27, 
I7'i'*,  aged  NH.  He  married  a  rlanghter  of  Mr. 
Stoddard  of  Nortlianiptoii.and  he  li«ed  to  Kce  hit 
son,  .liiiiallian  l.thvards,  the  mo-t  dlnlingiiihed 
di\irie  in  .\nieriea.  He  wa^ulli\er^ally  ("•leemed, 
and  \va'<  an  ii|>rig!it,  pioie.,  and  e\enip!ar\  man, 
and  a  fiilhlid  luid  suei c-sfui  jireacher  of  the  gos- 
pel. At  one  period  there  was  such  a  contention 
ill  his  church,  that  for  three  years  the  Lord's  Sii|)- 
per  was  not  adiiiinistereil.  It  seems  that  ho 
was  a  poet,  for  It.  Wolcott,inUcdicutuig  his  jioenm 
to  him  in  I'l'-t,  says  : 

"  Vi't,  wliiTi'  ynil  ronsiin",  »lr,  ilnn't  ninVc  llu>  Temp, 

^■'IM  |ilnTH"l  tn(llnviT'.«  Vt'lll'niMt'  lll'lll')«0, 

Till'  "tiiiMliinl  fi.r  tliclr  Irliil ;  imr  nmit, 

Vnii  nvwT  will  ;iri|nlt  wjml  'm  Ii-h!«  cxiii't. 

Sir.  rimt  «ill  iiivfril";  riilcM  mm  firvrro 

M'oiilil  rvrr  li'iivc  ApoJtu'HMllfir  liiin>, 

IIIh  itrit-.^tH  nil  fieri icr;  till  iiiii^l  htiirvc  tojrrtti'^r, 

Anil  r.iir  I'ariiuHrtiiN'  verdant  tn|ts  iiiunt  ultlirr." 

He  published  an  election  sermon,  17,')2.  —  Life 
if  .hiiiiitliini  /'.'tliniril.'i. 

EDW.VUDS,  Jo.NATli.vN,  president  of  the  col- 
leg(>  in  New  Jersey,  and  a  most  acute  metaphysi- 
cian and  distinguished  divine,  died  March  '_'!', 
nr^.S,  aged  ')!.  He  was  the  son  of  the  ])rece(Iiiig, 
and  was  born  at  Windsor,  Conn.,  Oct.  o,  1701). 
He  was  graduated  at  Y'ale  college  in  17L'0,  liefore 
he  was  seventeen  years  of  age.  His  uncommon 
genius  discovered  itself  early,  and  while  yet  a 
boy  he  read  Locke  on  the  human  understanding 
with  a  keen  relish,  'riioiigh  he  took  much  jileas- 
ure  in  exainiiiiiig  the  kingdom  of  nature,  yet 
moral  and  theological  researches  yielded  him  the 
highest  satisfaction.  He  lived  in  college  nearly 
two  years  after  taking  his  first  degree,  jireparing 
himself  for  the  ollice  of  a  minister  of  the  gospel. 
In  17li2  he  went  tri  New  Voik,  at  the  re(iu<'st  of 
a  small  society  of  I'resliyterians,  and  preached  a 
number  of  months.  In  17L'l  he  was  ajijiointed  a 
tutor  ill  Y'ale  college,  and  he  contiiuied  in  that 
oilice  till  ho  was  invited  in  \l'2(t  to  jireach  at 
Nortliani]i-on,  Mass.  Hero  he  was  ordained  as 
colleague  with  his  grandfather,  Mr.  Stoddard, 
I'^el).  16,  17'J7.  In  17oJ  lii>  benevolent  labors 
were  iittcr.dcd  with  very  •incommou  success;  a 
general  inijiresision  was  made  upon  the  minds  of 
lii.s  ])eople  by  the  truth,>  which  he  proclaimed  ; 
and  the  church  was  much  enlarged.  He  con- 
tinued in  this  place  more  than  twenty-three  years, 
till  he  was  dismissed  in  1700.  Thecircuinstaiicea 
which  led  to  his  dismission  were  the  following: 
Mr.  Mdwards,  being  hiformed  of  immoralities  in 
which  some  young  jiersons  who  were  connected 
with  the  cliureh  indulged  themselves,  thought 
that  an  incjuiry  should  bo  made  into  their  eon- 
duct.  The  church  readily  acknowledged  the 
imj)ortancc  of  strict  discipline,  and  entered  into 
the  jilan;  but  when  the  names  of  the  persons 
accused  were  known,  and  it  was  found  that  mem- 


F.nW.MlD.S. 


r.DW.MlDS. 


83S 


liOM  of  llin  tirliul|)iil  f.inilliis  in  tlic  town  wi-rc 
iuijili' Mt'''l.  ii  w'ii'<  illl|'(H^ill|(•  i<i  |)riK('iil.    'Mil  If 
were  few  ill  his  I'liiirili  mIhi  riinliiiiicd  (heir /.ciil 
for  (li-t'i|)iliii',  wli'ii  tln'\  |itii(  iMil  tliiit  it  wmilil 
enter  tlieir  own   li<m><i"« ;  anil  tlic  liiimlH  u(  the 
iiniii'ir.i!  were   hlreliatlli'lieil   li\    thU  liel'i  .il  (if  nil 
iitleiniil  111  iiirnet  tlulr  ermrs  iiiiil  in  Ijriii;,' them 
III  ri'lieiil;ili(e.     AtU  r    thi<    (icciiirelu'e    ill    IT  I  I 
Mr.   I',(l\^ilrll^l■   llse^llhle^f^  in  Northaniiitim  was 
nhnosl  (U'strnyeih     A  suerel  dislii^e  wiih  excited  in  1 
the  niiiiil.t  of  m;\iiy,  and  it  w:is  imon  lihiwn  into  n 
ll.iiiu'.     Wlii'ii  he   was  Nellh'd   in  tiiii   town,  he 
\\,i\  not  iieil'eellv  eoiniiiced  ol'  the  eorreciMiss  of 
the  ]iriiw'i|ih',  whicii  was  Mi|i|iorted   liy   his  eol- ; 
le:i^'iie,  Mr.  Sloihhiiil,  that   unconverted  persons 
had  a  ri;;ht  in  tlie  si^dit  of  (ioil  to  tlic  Haerainent 
of  tilt'  J.ord'K  Nupper.    Al\er  diii^'eiit  inquiry  he 
was  eoiiviiiced  tliat  tile  priii('i|)le  was   erroneous 
and  daii;,'eroiis.     His    investi;,Mlioii«    led    liiin   to 
iiel'eve  lliat  tlie  supper  was  iii'-tituted  lor  tlie  true 
(ilNciples  of  .lesiis   Christ  ;    that  none    Imt    sueli 
could  have  a  ri^ht  to  it  ;  and  that  none  hut  tliose 
who  were  considered  as  siieli  should  he  iierinilted 
to  ]iartake  of  it.     Adoplinj,'  thcM'  seiitinients,  he  [ 
JKul   the  courii;;e  lo  avow  them.     He  considered 
it    ns    an    inviolahh^   duty   ever   to   vindicate  the 
truth.     He  Unew  the  zeal  of  his   ]ieople  for  their  i 
loose    principles,  and   exiiected   to   see   that  /eul  : 
hiir.stin^   upon    him,  if  hu  tthoidd  dare  to  Ktand  j 
forward   in   ojijiosition   to    their  loiifj-continued ; 
jiraclice.    He  aiiticijiatcd  lulisiiiissioii  from  Xortli- 
ainptoii,  and  a  deprivation  of  the  means  of  fuj)- 
port.     liut,  in  the  full  view  of  these  conseipienci's, 
\k  openly  avowed  his  chaiifj;!'  of  scntiineiits,  cheer- 
fully sarriliuiuj,'  every  worldly  interest  to  iiromote 
the  jmrity  of  the  church  and  the  p;lory  of  the 
Jicdeeiner.     The  evils  which  he  anticipated  came 
ujioii  him.     He  was  driven  away  iiidN'M   (,.  i,,   ,, 
a  ))cople  who  once  would  almost       ,.•    jilucked 
out   their  eyes  and   f,'iven  them   to    him.     Tliey 
would  not  even  hear  him  in  hi^  vimlif  iUion.     lie 
had  hcen  instrumental  in  cKvcrinji  many  hearts 
with  the  joys  of  reiij^ion,  a:  d  not  a  few  had  re- 
garded him  with  nil  that  .^fcetionato  attachment 
which  is  excited  hy  the    love  of  excellence,  and 
the  sense  of  ol)lif,Mtions  which  can  never  he  repaid. 
Ikit  a  s])irit  of  detraction  had  pine  forth,  and  a 
few  leading  men  of  outrageous  zeal  pushed  for- 
ward men  ol  less  determined  hostility;  and  in 
the  hopeless  jirosjiect  of  conciliation   he  was  dis- 
missed hy  an  ecclesiastical  council,  June  '22,  I'M. 
In  this  scene  of  trouhlc  and  abuse,  when  the 
mistakes  and  the  higotry  of  the  multitude  had 
stojiped  their  ears,  and  their  passions  were  with- 
out  control.   Mr.  Kdwards   exhihited   the  truly 
Christian   spirit.     ]lis   calmness,  and   meekness, 
and   humility,  and   yet  firmness  and   resolution, 
were  the  sul)jects  of  admiration  to  his  friends. 
More  anxious  for  his  people  than  for  himself,  he 
preached  a  most  solemu  aud  affecting  farewell 


(lisrniirHe,  lie  afterwardft  orea^ion,^lly  i>ii]iplird 
the  pulpit,  at  tiiiii't  nheii  no  preachir  li:id  heeU 
procured  I  luit  tliin  proof  of  hm  Miperiority  to 
resent meiit  or  pride,  and  thii  reailiiienH  to  do 
good  to  lliohe  who  had  injured  him,  met  with  no 
return,  except  a  vote  of  the  inhaliitants,  prohili- 
iiiiig  him  Irom  ever  again  preaching  for  them. 
Slid  he  «as  not  It  t\  without  eMrlieiit  IVielids  in 
Norlhamptoii  i  and  liis  correspondents  in  Scot- 
land, having  heen  informed  of  liis  dismission, 
eoniriliutid  a  consiileruhle  sum  for  the  niaiiiten- 
aneeof  his  family. 

In  .Vug.,  IT.'d,  he  Hiicceeiled  Mr.  Sergeant  nit 
missionary  to  the  Houssatonnoe  Indians, at  Stock- 
liridge,  in  llerkshire  county.  Here  he  continued 
six  years,  iireaching  to  the  Inilians  and  tlu'  white 
people ;  and,  us  he  found  much  leisure,  he  pron- 
ecuted  his  theological  and  metaphysical  stiidieR, 
and  proiliiced  works  which  rendered  his  namo 
famous  throughout  l''.urope.  'I'lius  was  his  ca- 
lamitous removal  from  Northampton  the  occasion, 
under  the  wise  providence  of  (iod,  of  his  impart' 
ing  to  the  world  the  most  important  iiistruetionB, 
whose  iiitluence  has  heen  extending  to  the  ]»resent 
time,  and  whose  good  ell'ects  may  still  he  felt  for 
ages.  In  Jan.,  I'liH,  he  reluctantly  accejited  the 
ollice  of  president  of  the  college  in  New  Jersey, 
as  successor  of  his  son-in-law,  Mr.  Ihirr;  hut  ho 
had  not  entered  fully  upon  the  duties  of  this  sta- 
tion, before  the  prevalence  of  the  small  pox  in- 
duced him  to  he  inoculated,  and  this  disease  was 
the  cause  of  his  death.  A  short  time  before  ho 
died,  as  some  of  his  friends,  who  surrounded  his 
bed  to  see  him  breathe  his  last,  were  lamenting 
the  loss  which  the  college  would  sustain,  he  said, 
to  their  astonishment,  "  Trust  hi  God,  and  ye  need 
not  fear."  These  were  his  last  words.  He  after- 
wards expired  with  as  much  composure  as  if  ho 
had  only  fallen  asleep,  lie  was  succeeded  by 
Mr.  Davies.  His  wile,  Sarah,  daughter  of  Kev. 
J.  I'ierpont,  of  New  Haven,  whom  he  married  in 
1727  hi  her  eighteenth  year,  died  in  17ij8.  Sho 
became  jiioua  at  the  age  of  five.  The  following 
beautiful  account  of  her,  when  in  her  thirteenth 
year,  was  written  on  a  blank  leaf  by  Mr.  Ed- 
wards, hi  1723,  when  he  was  twenty:  "  Tiiey  say 
there  is  a  young  lady  ui  New  Haven  who  is  be- 
loved of  that  Great  Ueing,  who  made  and  rules 
the  world,  and  that  there  are  certain  seasons  in 
which  this  dreat  Ih'  ...  in  some  way  or  other, 
comes  to  her  and  lllis  her  mind  with  exceeding 
sweet  dehglit.  and  tli;;  she  hardly  cares  for  any- 
thing, except  to  nied.  ate  on  llimi  that  she  ex- 
pects after  a  while  to  be  received  up  where  he  is, 
to  ho  raised  uji  out  of  the  world  and  caught  up 
into  heaven  ;  being  assured  that  he  loves  her  too 
well  to  let  her  remain  at  a  distance  from  him 
always.  There  she  is  to  dwell  with  him  and  to 
be  ravished  with  his  love  and  delight  forever. 
Therefore,  if  you  present  all  the  world  before  her, 


;1 


i»  ! 


324 


EDWARDS. 


:'■  i 


n 


with  the  richest  of  its  treasures,  slio  disre^jards 
it,  and  cares  not  for  it,  and  is  unmindful  of  any 
path  of  affliction.  She  lias  a  stranjje  sweetness 
in  her  mind  and  siiifjular  jiurity  in  her  aifections; 
is  most  just  and  conscientious  in  all  her  conduct, 
and  you  could  not  ])ersuade  her  to  do  anytliinjr 
wronf;  or  sinful,  if  yon  would  fjive  lier  all  this 
world,  lest  she  should  otfend  this  Cireat  liein^j;. 
She  is  of  a  wonderful  sweetness,  calmness,  aiul 
universal  heiievolence  of  mind,  especially  after 
this  Great  God  has  maiiil'esled  himself  to  her 
mind.  She  will  sometimes  f;;o  ahout  from  ])lace 
to  place,  sin{,'ing  sweetly,  and  seems  to  ho  always 
full  of  joy  and  jileasure,  and  no  one  knows  for 
what.  .She  loves  to  he  alone,  walkin-;  in  the 
fields  and  fjroves,  and  seems  to  have  some  one 
invisilile  always  conversing  witli  her."  ^Ir.  ]''d- 
wards  had  three  sons  and  seven  daufjhters.  Two 
of  his  daughters  thed  unmarried  ;  Sarah  married 
E.  Parsons,  and  Lucy,  J.  Woodinidge,  of  Stock- 
bridge ;  Estlier  married  I'res.  IJurr;  Mary  mar- 
ried Col.  Dwiglit,  of  Xorthamj)ton ;  Susanna 
married  E.  I'orler,  of  lladley ;  Eunice  married 
T.  Pollock,  of  North  Carolina. 

I'resident  I'ldwards  was  distinguished  not  only 
for  the  astonishing  vigor  and  ])enetratiou  of  his 
mind,  hut  for  his  Christian  virtues.  At  a  very 
early  period  of  his  life  he  was  much  affected  hy 
the  truths  of  religion,  and  used  several  times  in 
a  day  to  address  himself  to  Heaven  in  secret 
prayer,  and  to  meet  for  religious  conversation  and 
devotion  with  hoys  of  his  own  age.  lUit  at 
length  Jie  returned  to  a  state  of  negligence  and 
iorgetfulness  of  God.  He  no  longer  addressed 
his  i)rayer  to  the  Lord,  his  Maker.  'J"he  pleasure 
which  he  liad  enjoyed  in  religious  duties,  he 
afterwards  believed  to  have  originat(.'d  in  selfish 
■views  and  hopes,  and  not  to  have  been  founded  in 
a  correct  knowledge  of  the  truth.  Soon  after  he 
left  college,  however,  a  deej)  sense  of  his  sin  was 
imparted  to  him ;  he  beheld  a  new  glory  in  the 
character  of  God,  and  in  the  doctrines  of  the 
gospel ;  and  a  view  of  the  way  of  salvation  by  a 
crucified  lledecmer,  filled  liim  witli  inexj)ressiblo 
joy.  Those  doctrines  which  he  had  formerly  oj)- 
poscd  and  regarded  with  liorror,  now  inspired 
him  with  delight.  Such  were  his  conceptions  of 
the  wisdom  and  excellence  of  the  ^lost  High, 
that  he  found  a  real  pleasure  in  ascribing  to  him 
an  absolute  sovereignty  in  the  disposal  of  his 
creatures  ;  in  choosing  whom  he  would  to  eternal 
life,  and  rejecting  whom  he  pleased,  for  the  dis- 
play of  his  glory.  Of  the  certainty  of  this  doc- 
trine he  felt  as  much  assured  as  of  the  existence 
of  any  object  which  was  })resented  to  his  sight. 
The  excellence,  upon  which  he  fixed  his  thoughts, 
•was  communicated  to  him  ;  and  he  was  moulded 
into  tlie  glorious  image  whicli  was  so  constantly 
in  his  eye.  His  life  of  integrity,  of  humility,  of 
meekneas,   of  beuevolence,  of  piety,  of  Chris- 


EDWiVRDS, 

tian  coiirngp,  and  of  zeal  directed  by  the  meek- 
lu'ss  of  wisdom,  gives  full  evidence  that  his 
religion  was  the  religion  of  Christ.  His  highest 
and  sweetest  joys,  he  remarked,  did  not  sjiring 
from  the  hope  that  lie  was  in  a  state  of  salvation, 
nor  from  the  consciousness  of  any  excellence  in 
himself,  but  from  a  direct  view  of  the  jirecious 
truths  of  the  gos])el.  No  one  could  be  more 
dee])ly  hmnbled  under  a  sense  of  the  inicpiity  of 
his  heart,  and  of  his  impotence  to  what  is  good. 
This  c(>nviction  led  him  to  distrust  himself,  to 
rely  only  nj)on  the  grace  of  God,  and  to  ascribe 
everything  to  infinite  mercy. 

In  the  various  relations  of  life  his  character 
was  unimpcaelied.  The  benevolent  princi])les 
which  he  had  embraced  taught  him  to  do  good, 
and,  while  he  inculcated  charity  upon  others,  he 
himself  gave  much  to  the  ])oor.  He  seldom  vis- 
ited his  ])cople,  excejit  in  sickness  or  afiliction,not 
having  remarkable  talents  in  conversation,  and 
believing  that  he  should  be  more  usel'ul  in  his 
study.  Yet  he  was  not  austere  and  unsociable, 
I)ut  easy  of  access,  kind  and  condescending.  To 
his  friends  he  opened  himself  without  reserve. 
He  gave  no  encouragement  in  his  conversation  to 
evil-speaking  and  folly;  nor  was  he  fond  of 
disj)utes,  though,  when  called  upon,  he  would 
ex])ress  his  opinion,  and  calmly  vindicate  his  sen- 
timents. He  ])referred  managing  a  controversy 
with  his  i)en  in  his  hand.  Though  his  constitu- 
tion was  delicate,  he  commonly  spent  thirteen 
hours  every  day  in  his  study.  He  usually  rose 
between  four  and  five  in  the  morning,  and  was 
abstemious,  living  com])letely  by  rule.  For  exer- 
cise, ho  would  in  the  winter  take  an  axe  and  chop 
wood  for  half  an  hour ;  and  in  the  summer  would 
walk  or  ride  on  horseback  two  or  three  miles,  to 
some  retired  grove.  Here  his  active  mind  was 
still  occu])ied  in  religious  meditation  and  devotion, 
or  in  study.  Having  his  jjcn  and  ink  with  him, 
ho  recorded  every  striking  thought  that  occurred. 
All  his  researches  were  indeed  jiursucd  with  his 
pen  in  his  hand,  and  the  number  of  his  miscella- 
neous writings,  which  he  left  behind  him,  was  above 
fourteen  hundred.  They  were  all  numbered  and 
paged,  and  an  index  was  formed  for  the  whole. 
He  was  peculiarly  happy  in  his  domestic  connec- 
tions. Mrs.  Edwards,  by  taking  the  entire  care 
of  his  temj)oral  concerns,  gave  him  an  opj)ortunity 
of  consecrating  all  liis  powers,  without  inteiruj)- 
tion,to  the  labors  and  studies  of  the  sacred  office. 
It  ought,  perhaps,  to  he  mentioned,  that  in  the 
account  of  the  "  Quick  stock,"  of  which  he  died 
possessed,  is  this  item :  "  A  negro  hoy,  named 
Titus,  30  jjounds."  Had  he  lived  through  the 
American  struggle  for  freedom,  he  doubtless 
would  have  accorded  with  his  son,  ])r.  Jonathan, 
ill  his  views  of  the  injustice  and  gross  wrong  of 
slavery. 

As  a  preacher  he  was  not  oratorical  in  his  man- 


EDWARDS. 


EDWAllDS. 


325 


ncr,  and  his  voice  was  rather  feeble,  though  he 
spoke  willi  (listinetiu'ss ;  Imt  his  discoiii'ses  wei'c 
rich  in  ihoiiirlif ;  and,  iiciiif,'  deeply  impressed 
hiinseir  viih  the  triillis  which  he  uttered,  his 
preaching'  came  home  to  the  hearts  of  his  hear- 
ers. Th(ni;j;li  he  usually  wrote  his  sermcnis  with 
;,'rcat  care,  and  read  his  notes,  yet,  when  in  the 
delivery  a  new  thon;,'ht  struck  hiai,  he  was  not  so 
shackled  hut  that  he  would  express  ii,  and  his 
extem]iorary  eliusions  were  fre(|ueutly  the  most 
interest ii'.;^  and  usel'ul  parts  of  his  discourses. 
Toward  the  close  of  life  lie  was  inclined  to  think 
that  it  would  liavc  heen  hetter  if  he  had  never 
used  his  notes  at  all.  He  advi.scd  the  young 
jireacher  to  commit  his  sermons  to  memory. 

Mr.  I'.dwards  was  uncommonly  zealous  and 
j)ersoverin;>-  iu  his  search  after  truth.  He  spared 
no  ])ains  in  ])r()curin;j;  the  necessary  aids,  and  he 
reail  all  the  hooks  which  he  could  j)rocure  that 
promised  to  afford  liim  assistance  in  his  inijuiries. 
He  coulined  himself  to  no  jiarticular  sect  or  de- 
nomination, hut  studied  the  writiuf^s  of  men  wliose 
sentiments  were  tlio  most  ojjposite  to  his  own. 
Jiut  the  liihle  claimed  his  jieculiar  attention. 
From  that  hook  he  derived  his  religious  jn-inci])les, 
and  not  from  any  human  system.  The  doctrines 
which  he  sup])orted  were  Calvinistie,  and  whei\ 
these  doctrines  were  in  any  degree  relin(iuished, 
or  were  not  embraced  in  their  whole  length  and 
breadth,  he  did  not  see  where  a  man  could  set 
his  loot  down,  with  consistency  and  safety,  short 
of  deism  or  atheism  itself.  Yet,  with  all  his  strict 
adherence  to  what  he  believed  to  be  the  truths  of 
lieaven,  his  heart  was  kind  and  tender.  When 
Mr.  Whitelield  pnMchcd  for  him  on  the  Sabbath, 
the  acute  divine,  whose  mighty  hitelleet  has  sel- 
dom been  equalled,  wept  as  a  child  during  the 
whole  sermon. 

His  essay  on  the  freedom  of  the  will  ^s  consid- 
ered as  one  of  ibe  greatest  efforts  of  the  human 
mind.  Those  who  embrace  the  Calvinistie  senti- 
ments have  been  accustomed  to  say,  that  lie  has 
forever  settled  the  controversy  with  the  Armin- 
ians,  by  demonstrating  the  absurdity  of  their 
princi])les.  On  the  other  Iiand,  there  are  those 
attached  to  the  general  theological  doctrines  em- 
braced by  I'.dwards, who  think  that  the  unavoid- 
able consecpienccs  of  his  metaphysical  argument 
are  so  contradictory  to  the  common  jiulgmcntof 
mankind,  as  to  authorize  any  one  "  boldly  to  cut 
asunder  the  knot  which  he  is  uiuible  to  indoose." 
However,  if  the  argument  of  Edwards  be  a  fal- 
lacy, "there  must  be  someway  to  unravel  tlie 
puzzle."  The  following  is  a  brief  exhibition  of 
hi.s  sup])oscd  so];histry.  1.  He  uses  the  word 
cini.tc  i)erpetually  in  various  senses:  in  the  sense 
of  elliciency,  or  real  cause  ;  of  rea.son,  or  induce- 
ment ;  and  of  antecedent  circinnstancc,  the  ground, 
"in  whole  or  in  part,"  of  an  event.  Whei;  he 
lays  down  the  maxim,  "  nothiiiji^  ever  cotues  to 


jiass  without  a  cause,"  and  says,  "  if  the  will  be 
(Ictirniiued,  there  is  a  determiner;"  he  nu-ans  an 
I Jliridd  eau^e.     lint  when  he  asserts  that  motive 
is    the   cause   of  volition,   he    de])arts   from    the 
meaning  of  eflieieucy.     'J'lie  true  meaning  in  the 
latter  case  is  nothing  more,  than  that  motives  or 
views  of  the  mind  ])recede  or  accompany  the  ac- 
tions  of  men  ;  or.  in  other  winds,  that   rational 
men,  who   exert   their  elliciency   in  volition,  do  it 
for  some  pur]>ose,  ov  with  some  design  ;  for  mo- 
tives are  mere  views  of  the  mind,  and  it  were 
absurd  to  ascribe  to  them  an  agency,  or  to  make 
them  ellicient  causes.     As  Mr.  ]'",dwards  asserts, 
"actions   are  to  be  ascribed   to  agents."     Men 
must  cause   their  own   volitions;  or  some  other 
agent  nmst  cause  them,  in  which  case  men   arc 
machines.     '1.  He    assunu's    the    great    ])oint  of 
controversy;  that  is,  he  takes   for   granted,  that 
because  the  mind  of  man  had  a  begimiiug  of  ex- 
istence, and  because  its  actions  have  a  beginning, 
therefore  it  cannot  originate  a  volition,     lint,  if 
the  eterind  Sjiirit  originates    volition,  it  should 
have  been  prurcd  that  he  could    not  give   the 
same  ))ower  to  a  human  spirit,  made  in  his  like- 
ness.    In  ascribing   to  God   in  perfection  the  es- 
sential (jualities  of  a  moral  agent,  he  eiunnerates 
"  a   cojiiirilii  (if  cliiiicc,  and   choice   guided  by 
understanding,  and  a  ])ower  of  acting  according 
to   his  choice   or  ))leasure  ;  "  but   iu  considering 
man  as  a  moral  agent  he  ascribes  to  him  only  "a 
power  of  aiihuj  according  to  choice,"  and  omits 
the   essential   quality  of  a  moral  agent,  —  "the 
power  of  choice."    3.  The  term  matice  is   cm- 
ployed  at  one  time  to  exjiress  the   antecedent 
reason  or  ground,  or  prfviaus  view  or  circum- 
stance, suj)posed  to  determine  the  choice,  as  when 
he  says,  the  strongest   motive   governs   the  will ; 
and  at  another  time  he  represents  the  strongest 
motive  and  the  mind's  choosing  as  very  much  the 
same  thing;  so  that  the  motive  caiuiot  be  ante- 
cedent or  j)revious  to  the  volition.     He  says,  "  an 
a])])earing   most  agreeable   or   ]ileasing   to    the 
mind,  and   the  mind's  preferring  and  choosing, 
seem  hardly  to  be  j)ro])erly  and  i)erfectly  dis- 
♦i'lct."    If  the  view  of  the  greatest  good  and  the 
pref'e'-., '•'c  or  act  of  choice  itself  are  very  much 
the  same  thing,  then  to  say  that  volition  is  the 
effect  of  the  .strongest  motive,  is  very  much  the 
same  thing  as  to  say  that  volition  is  the  eflect  of 
volititm  ;  and  a  "  jjrevious  tendency  of  the  motive 
to  move  the  will "  is  but  a  previous  tendency  of 
the  choice  to  determine  the  choice.     4.  The  dis- 
tinction between  iKiltiral  luiH  iiinral  necessity  can 
make   lu)   difference   as   to   excusablcness    from 
blame,  unless  there  be  emjiloyed  in  the  case  of 
moral  necessity  the  jiower  of  choosing  differently, 
which  yet  he  denies ;  for,  if  men  are  excusable 
when  necessity  prevents   them  from  thihuj  what 
they  will  to  do,  then  surely  they  must  be  excusable 
when  necessity  absolutely  controls  their  choice, 


326 


EDWARDS. 


EDWARDS. 


.'1 


or  governs  their  will.  Man  cannot  be  a  moral 
agent,  if  his  mind  is  compli'toly  enslaved,  and  liis 
volitions  all  iniluenccd  i)y  causes  heyond  his  con- 
trol, whether  the  necessity  he  called  maral  or 
not.  Luther  said,  "  I  truly  wish  that  in  this  con- 
troversy some  more  aiijjroijriatc  term  were  em- 
ployed than  the  usual  one,  ncc^n.siti/,  which  is 
applicalilo  neither  to  the  will  of  God  nor  man. 
It  is  of  so  harsh  and  incouf^ruous  a  signitication, 
suf^'^esting  a  sort  of  co-action,  and  what  is  alto- 
gether contrary  to  the  nature  of  voUlioii." 

This  i.s  a  very  imjjerfect  view  of  the  objections 
to  the  argument  of  ]']dwards.  Should  a  new 
school  of  metajihy.sical  theology  .^prhig  up,  it 
will  doubtless  discard  some  old  and  revered  no- 
tions. The  following  may  be  some  of  its  elemen- 
tary principles.  Man  is  constituted  an  agent ; 
he  is  the  cause,  the  originator  of  his  own  volitions, 
else  he  would  not  be  accoinitahle.  The  mere 
liberty  of  doing  what  he  wills  is  not  enough  ;  he 
must  bo  free  to  roiU,  or  have  power  to  choose, 
or  must  originate  his  own  volitions.  Itight  ^■iews 
of  free-agency  are  of  high  importance,  for  uni- 
vcrsallsm  and  infidelity  will  be  the  result,  when 
man  is  regarded  as  a  machine,  governed  by  exte- 
rior efficiency.  By  the  faculty  of  the  will  is 
meant  the  jjower  of  the  mind  to  choose,  the  self- 
determining  power.  To  say,  that  motives  govern 
the  will,  is  to  say  that  motives  govern  the  self- 
determining  jiower,  and  this  is  to  deny  such  a 
power.  If,  as  Edwards  asserts,  "  the  being  of  a 
good  will  is  the  most  ])roi)er  subject  of  com- 
mand," it  must  be,  because  man  has  the  jjower  to 
choose  aright,  for  responsiblencss  is  bounded  by 
power.  If  man  has  no  power  but  that  of  doing 
what  he  chooses,  then  he  could  not  be  required 
to  have  a  good  will,  or  to  make  a  wise  choice,  for 
God  never  demands  im])osslbilitios.  The  mind 
does  not  always  choose  according  to  the  greatest 
apparent  good,  though  required  to  choose  the 
greatest  good  ;  for  frequently  men  choose  against 
clear  light  and  full  conviction.  They  always  j)re- 
fer,  indeed,  what  they  choose,  for  choosing  is  but 
preferring ;  but  they  often  choose  from  uilholy 
appetite  and  ])assion  against  understanding  and 
conscience.  The  mind  arbitrates  between  difl'er- 
ent  motives,  but  is  not  determined  by  them.  It 
determines  its  own  course  in  the  view  of  motives, 
or  with  some  design  or  purj)ose.  Men  are  real 
agents,  and  not  thinking  maclines,  irresponsible, 
destined  to  no  future  judgment,  incapable  of  pun- 
ishment. In  the  midst  of  a  world  of  motives, 
they  arc  the  authors  of  their  own  volitions  ;  cer- 
tainly of  thai  class  of  volitions,  for  which  they 
may  be  held  to  a  retribution  of  evil.  Yet,  it  can 
never  be  proved,  lh.it  all  this  impairs  the  fore- 
knowledge of  the  iniinite  S])irit,  or  is  inconsistent 
with  his  eternal  purjjose,  and  his  influence  in  giv- 
ing a  new  heart,  or  securing  a  right  direction  to 
the  choice.    At  least,  such  an  interposition  of 


divine  grace  and  mercy,  if  it  sliould  even  destroy 
in  that  resjject  human  freedom,  hy  efHcicntly  caus- 
ing a  holy  choice,  is  to  lie  deemed  an  luimens- 
urable  lienefit  toward  those  who  ex])erlencc  the 
new-creating  energy,  while  yet  the  choosers  of 
evil  are  left  free  to  their  own  agency,  and  the 
character  of  God  remains  unsullied,  ond  his  gov- 
ernment unimjjeached.  Remarks  were  made  on 
the  essay  on  the  freedom  of  the  will  by  James 
Dana  and  Samuel  West ;  the  latter  was  answered 
by  I  )r.  Kdwards.  1  lis  other  works,  which  are  most 
celebrated,  are  :  his  book  on  original  shi,  in  an- 
swer to  Taylor ;  his  treatise  on  the  affectlcms ;  his 
dissertation  on  the  nature  of  true  virtue,  and  that 
on  the  end  for  which  God  created  the  world.  .\ 
splendid  edition  of  his  works  was  pubUshed  in 
England,  and  an  edition,  in  8  volumes,  intended 
to  be  a  com])lcte  collection  of  his  writings,  edited 
by  Dr.  Austin,  was  ])ublished  in  1809.  Another 
edition,  with  an  am])le  account  of  his  life,  edited 
by  Ills  descendant,  Sereno  Kdwards  Dwight,  was 
pubhshed  in  ten  volumes,  8vo.,  in  1830. 

The  following  is  a  catalogue  of  his  publica- 
tions: a  sermon  preached  at  Boston  on  I  Cor- 
inthians, I.  29,  30,  1731;  a  sermon  preached 
at  Northampton,  on  Matthew  xvi.  17,  1734  ;  a 
narrative  of  the  work  of  God  in  the  conversion 
of  many  hundred  of  souls  in  Northampton,  1736} 
five  discourses  on  justification  by  faith  alone,  ])ress- 
ing  into  the  kingdom  of  God,  Ruth's  resolution, 
the  justice  of  God  in  the  damnation  of  sinners, 
and  the  excellency  of  Jesus  Christ,  1738 ;  sin- 
ners in  the  hands  of  an  angry  God,  a  sermon 
preached  at  Enfield,  1741 ;  a  sermon  on  the  dis- 
tinguishing marks  of  a  work  of  the  Si)irit  of  God, 
1741 J  thoughts  on  the  revival  of  religion,  1742  ; 
a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of  R.  Abercrombie, 
1744  ;  at  the  instalment  of  S.  Buell,  1746  ;  a  trea- 
tise on  religious  affections,  1740 ;  an  attempt  to 
promote  agreement  in  prayer  for  the  revival  of 
religion,  1746  ;  life  of  I).  Brainerd,  1749 ;  an  in- 
quiry into  the  qualifications  for  full  communion  in 
the  church,  1749;  a  reply  to  S.  Williams' answer 
to  the  in(juiry,  1752;  a  sermon  preached  at  New- 
ark, 17i52 ;  an  inquiry  into  the  modern  prevailing 
notions  of  that  freedom  of  will  which  is  supposed 
to  be  essential  to  moral  agency,  etc.,  1754 ;  the 
great  doctrine  of  original  sin  defended,  1758, 
Since  his  death,  the  following  works  have  been 
published  from  his  manuscripts :  eighteen  ser- 
mons, with  his  life  written  by  Dr.  IIoi)kins,  1765  j 
the  history  of  redemption,  1774;  on  the  nature 
of  true  virtue,  1788;  God's  last  end  in  the  cre- 
ation ;  thirty-three  sermons ;  twenty  sermons, 
1789  ;  miscellaneous  observations,  1793  ;  miscel- 
laneous remarks,  1796.  —  Hopkins'  Life  of  Ed- 
wctrds ;  Life  prefixed  to  his  Works;  Middleton'a 
Biog.  Erang.  IV.  294-317. 

EDWAliDS,  JoxATii.vx,  D.  D.,  president  of 
Union  college  at  Schenectady,  in   the  State  of 


EDWARDS. 


EDWARDS. 


327 


New  York,  son  of  the  prccedinjr,  died  Aug.  1, 
1801,  aged  OC.  He  was  born  at  Xorthampton, 
June  6,  1745.  In  childi.ood  an  inflammation  in 
liis  eyes  prevented  him  from  learning  to  read  till 
an  uncommonly  late  period.  He  was  but  six 
years  old  when  ho  was  removed  to  Stockbridge; 
and  iK'ie  there  was  no  school  but  one,  which  was 
common  to  the  Indian  children  and  the  children 
of  white  parents.  Of  the  latter  there  were  so 
few  that  he  was  in  danger  of  forgetting  the 
English  tongue.  Here,  whilst  at  school,  he 
learned  the  language  of  the  Mohekancew,  or 
Stockbridge  Indians,  so  perfectly,  that  the  natives 
frequently  observed,  that  "  he  spoke  exactly  like 
an  Indian."  This  language  he  retained  in  a  good 
degree  through  life,  and  he  published  interesting 
remarks  upon  it  some  years  before  his  death. 
His  father  intended  liim  for  a  missionary  among 
the  aborigines,  and  in  accordance  with  this  jjlan 
sent  him  in  Oct.,  I'loo,  when  he  was  ten  years  of 
age,  with  Gideon  Ilawley,  to  Oughquauga,  on  the 
Susquehannah  rivtr,  to  learn  the  language  of  the 
Oneida  Indians.  Tliis  place  was  in  the  wilderness 
about  one  hundred  miles  from  any  English  set- 
tlement. He  remained  at  Oughquauga  but  four 
months,  in  consequence  of  the  war  between  Eng- 
and  and  Frr'ire,  which  now  extended  to  the  col- 
onies. I)n  .  's  short  time  he  made  rapid 
progress  in  ■  ■■■  l  .'g  the  language  of  the  natives, 
and  in  en-  ,  their  affections.     They  were  so 

much  attached  to  him,  that  when  they  thought 
their  settlement  was  exposed  to  inroads  from  the 
French,  they  took  him  upon  their  shoulders  and 
carried  him  many  miles  through  the  wilderness 
to  a  place  of  security. 

lie  was  graduated  at  the  college  in  New  Jersey 
in  1765.  Two  years  before,  at  a  time  when  the 
students  of  the  college  were  generally  imi)ressed 
by  the  truths  of  religion,  he  was  blessed  with  the 
hope  of  his  reconciliation  to  God  through  Christ. 
This  was  during  the  presidentship  and  under  the 
impressive  preaching  of  ])r.  Finley.  He  after- 
wards i)ursued  the  study  of  divinity  under  the 
instruction  of  Dr.  Bellamy,  and  in  Oct.,  17C6,  was 
licensed  to  preach  the  gosj)el  by  the  association 
of  ministers  in  the  county  of  Litchfield,  Conn.  In 
17G7  he  was  a])j)ointed  tutor  of  Princeton  college, 
and  in  this  office  he  remained  two  years.  He 
was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church  at  White 
Haven  in  the  town  of  New  Haven,  Jan.  5,  1709, 
and  continued  there  till  May  19,  1795,  when  he 
was  ilismissed  by  an  ecclesiastical  council  at  his 
own  request  and  the  request  of  his  society.  Some 
of  the  leading  men  of  his  parish  had  embraced 
religious  sentiments  of  a  different  stamp  from 
those  which  ^^ere  formerly  jjrofcssed,  and  which 
Dr.  Edwards  believed  to  be  true ;  and  this  cir- 
cumstance was  the  jjrincipal  cause  of  dismission, 
though  an  inability  on  the  part  of  the  society  to 
give  him  support  was  the  most  prominent  reason 


assigned  for  this  event.  In  Jan.,  1796,  he  was 
installed  pastor  of  the  church  at  Colei)rook  in 
Litchfield  county.  In  this  retired  situation,  where 
he  was  enabled  to  jjursue  his  tlieological  studies 
with  little  interruption,  he  hoped  to  spend  the 
remainder  of  his  days.  But  in  June,  1799,  he 
was  elected  president  of  the  college  which  had 
been  recently  established  at  Schenectady,  as  suc- 
cessor of  Mr.  Smith.  In  July  he  commenced  the 
duties  of  the  office.  From  this  time  his  atten- 
tion and  talents  were  devoted  to  the  concerns 
of  the  seminary,  which  was  committed  to  his 
charge. 

There  were  several  remarkable  coincidences  in 
the  lives  of  Dr.  Edwards  and  his  father.  Both 
were  tutors  in  the  seminaries  in  which  they  were 
ed\icated;  were  dismissed  on  account  of  their 
religious  opinions ;  were  settled  again  in  retired 
situations ;  were  elected  to  the  presidentship  of  a 
college;  and,  iu  a  short  time  after  they  were  in- 
augurated, died  at  nearly  the  same  age.  They 
were  also  remarkably  similar  in  person  and  char- 
acter. 

Dr.  Edwards  was  a  man  of  uncommon  jjowers 
of  mind.      He  has  seldom  been   surpassed  in 
acuteness  and  jienetration.    His  answer  to  Dr. 
Chauncy,  his  dissertation  on  the  liberty  of  the 
will  in  reply  to  Dr.  West,  and  his  sermons  on  the 
atonement  of  Christ,  are  considered  as  works  of 
great  and  peculiar  merit.     His  early  discourse 
against  slavery  was  recently  rei)rinted.     As  a 
l)reacher,  in  his  manner  of  delivery  he  was  bold 
and  animated  ;  but  he  addressed  the  understand- 
ing and  c'ji.science  rather  than  the  passions  of 
his  audience.     A  mind  like  his  could  not  in  the 
progress  of  discussion  lose  sight  of  its  subject, 
llis  thoughts  were  well  arranged  and  his  argu- 
ments strong  and  convincing.     He  was  by  nature 
of  an  irritable  disposition ;  but,  conscious  of  his 
infirmity,  he  made  it  the  business  of  his  liie  to 
subdue  it,  and  lie  was  successful.     Under  many 
trying  circumstances  his  equanimity  was  consjiicu- 
ous.    In  pros])erity  and  adversity  he  was  the  same, 
always  sensible  of    his   dejjcndence  iq)on   God, 
always  acquiescing  in  his  will  and  confiding  in 
his  mercy.     In  his  habits  he  was  very  regular. 
His   exercise,  his   studies,  and  all   liis   concerns 
were  as  systematic  as   jjossilile.     He  generally 
rose  early,  and  his  first  thoughts  were  directed 
towards   his  Almighty   Creator  and   Friend,  to 
whom  in  early  life  he  had  consecrated  the  powers 
of  his  mind,  his  improvements,  his  jiossessions, 
his  time,  his  influence,  and  all  the  means  of  doing 
good  which  should  be  put  into  his  liands.     At 
the  age  of  eighteen  he  began  a  diary  of  his  reli- 
gious life.     This  he  continued  for  a  few  months, 
and  then  abrujjtly  relinquished  it,  but  for  what 
reason  it  is  not  known.     In  the  early  stages  of 
his  last  illness,  when  he  retained  his  reason  and 
the  power  of  speech,  he  expressed  his  entire 


328 


KDWAllDS. 


EDWARDS. 


I 


illl 


iP 


rcsifTiintinn  to  the  ploasiirc  of  Ood.  In  Iiis  death 
imcxteiislvu  ;ic(|iiaiiiliinc('  lamciiled  tlic  fall  of  one 
of  the  lirnie.st  pillars  of  the  eliureli. 

He  |)ul)liNlied  a  work  entitled,  the  salvation  of 
all  men  strictly  examined,  ele.,  in  answer  to  Dr. 
Clianncy;  a  dissertation  on  lilierly  and  necessity; 
observations  on  the  lan{^na;,'(;of  the  Mohekaneew, 
or  iSloekliridffc  Indians,  eoninnniicated  to  the 
Conneeticnt  society  of  arts  and  sciences,  and  ro- 
l)nl)lished  in  Massachnsett.  historical  collections, 
with  notes  hy  J.  I'ickerin<;;  I'-f  oliservations  on 
the  doctrine  of  universal  sal  ..or  ,  three  sermons 
on  the  atonement ;  sermons  at  the  ordination  of 
Timothy  J)wif;ht,  Greenl'-.-ld,  1"8.'J;  of  Dan  IJrad- 
ley,  Ilamden,  17!)2;  of  W.  Urown,  Glastonhury, 
1792;  of  Edward  Dorr  Oriflin,  New  Hartford, 
170i3 ;  a  sermon  on  the  nijiisticc  and  impolicy  of 
the  slave  trade,  1791 ;  human  dein-avity  the  source 
of  infidelity,  a  sermon  in  the  American  preacher, 
II. ;  marria^'e  of  a  wife'.-i  sister  considered  in  the 
anniversary  concio  ad  elerinn  in  the  chajiel  of 
Yale  coUcf^e,  179L' ;  on  the  death  of  Jioger  ISher- 
nian,  1793;  at  the  oledion,  1794;  on  a  future 
state  of  existence  and  the  immortality  of  the  sold, 
printed  in  a  volume,  entitled,  sermons  collected, 
etc. ;  a  farewell  sermon  to  the  j)eoj)lc  of  Cole- 
brook  ;  and  a  number  of  excellent  pieces,  with 
the  signatures  I  and  0,in  the  New  York  theolog- 
ical magazine.  lie  also  edited,  from  the  manu- 
scri])ts  of  his  father,  the  history  of  the  work  of 
redemption,  two  volumes  of  sermons,  and  two 
volumes  of  observations  on  im])ortant  theological 
subjects. —  Conn.  Evang.  Mag.,  II.  377-383; 
Millcr,n.  ■iod  ;  2  Hist.  Coll.  X.  81-160 ;  Uolmes, 
II.  321. 

EDWAIIDS,  Morgan,  a  Baptist  minister,  died 
Jan.  28,  179ii,  aged  72.  lie  was  born  in  Wales 
in  1722,  and  began  to  preach  in  his  sixteenth 
year,  lie  came  to  America  in  May,  17G1,  and 
became  the  j)astor  of  a  church  in  Philadelphia,  in 
w  hich  office  he  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  llogers.  lie 
removed  in  1772  to  a  plantation  in  Newark,  New- 
castle county.  Being  o]ij)osed  to  the  Kevolution, 
he  ceased  preaching  during  the  war.  Afterwards 
he  read  lectures  in  different  parts  of  the  country. 
He  had  been  intemjierate ;  it  was  his  own  ojjin- 
ion,  that  a  minister  should  not  preach  again  after 
such  a  fall,  lie  once  persuaded  liiinself,  about 
the  year  1770,  that  he  should  die  on  a  particular 
day,  and  preached  his  own  funeral  sermon;  but 
he  lived  a  (juarter  of  a  century  afterwards.  He 
published  a  farewell  discourse,  17C1  ;  at  the  ordi- 
nation of  S.  Jones;  customsof  primitive  churches; 
on  new  year,  1770;  materials  toward  a  history 
of  Ba])tists  of  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey,  2 
vols.,  12mo.,  1792;  on  the  millennium;  on  the 
new  heaven  and  new  earth ;  res  sacra,  a  transla- 
tion, lie  left  many  vols,  of  sermons,  and  12  vols. 
of  manuscripts  on  various  subjects.  —  Benedict, 
II.  294-301. 


I  EDWARDS,  Sauaii,  widow  of  President  Ed- 
wards, died  six  months  after  her  husband,  Oct.  2, 

I  1708,  aged  48.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Rev. 
James  Pierrejiont  of  New  Haven,  bom  in  1710  ; 
and  was  the  mother  of  eleven  children.     She  aji- 

i  parent ly  became  ])ious  at  the  age  of  five  years; 

I  and  her  whole  life  was  a  life  of  eminent  iiietv, 
benevolence,  and  usefulness.  With  great  intelli- 
gence and  skill,  she  educated  her  children  and 

I  conducted  all  the  domestic  affairs;  to  her  hus- 

'  band   she  was    one   "  whose    jirico   was   above 

!  rubies." 

EDWARDS,  Wli.MAM,  aMoravian  missionary, 
died  at  Goshen  on  ilie  Muskingum  hi  1801,  aged 
about  70. 

I'^DWARDS,  TiMOTiiY,  judge,  the  eldest  son 
of  President  Edwards,  died  nt  Stockbridge,  Mass., 
Oct.  27,  1813,  aged  'o.  After  graduating  at 
Princeton,  17iJ7,  he  was  a  merchant  in  Elizabeth- 
town,  N.  J.,  and  removed  to  S.  about  1770,  and 
was  0  leading  citizen  lor  forty-three  years,  and 
judge  of  jji'obate  for  Berkshire.  He  was  also  a 
venerated  oHicer  of  the  church.  His  widow, 
Rlioda  Ogden,  died  at  Litchfield  in  1822,  aged 
80.  Of  his  fifteen  children,  one,  if  not  more, 
still  lives,  —  !Madame  Rhoda  Dwight  of  North- 
ampton, aged  now  nearly  80. 

EDWAIIDS,  Nlmax,  governor  of  Illinois,  died 
of  the  cholera  at  Belleville  July  20,  1833.  He 
was  appointed  governor  in  1809,  and  in  1818 
was  chosen  a  senator  of  the  United  States.  He 
was  also,  at  the  time  of  his  death,  governor  and 
superintendent  of  Indian  affairs. 

EDWARDS,  PiKKUEPoxT,  died  at  Bridgeport 
April  14,  1820,  aged  70.  He  was  born  at  North- 
ampton in  17.30,  a  few  weeks  before  the  dismission 
of  his  father,  President  Edwards.  For  many 
years  he  was  a  distiTiguished  lawyer;  he  was  a 
])atriot,  and  under  the  old  confederation  a  member 
of  congress.  His  sons  wore  John  S.,  Henry  W.. 
Ogden,  and  Alfred.  His  daughter  Susan  married 
Samuel  ^^^  Jolmson,  and  Henrietta  Frances 
married  Eli  Whitney. 

EDAVARDS,Wii.rj/.M,  colonel,  died  in  Brook- 
lyn, N.  Y.,  Dec.  29,  1851,  aged  81,  the  son  of 
Timothy,  and  grandson  of  Jonathan  E.  He  was 
early  a])prenticed  to  his  uncle,  Col.  M.  Ogden,  of 
Elizabethtown,  in  the  tanning  business,  wliieh  he 
carried  on  himself  many  years  extensively  at 
Northampton,  and  at  Hunter,  Greene  county, 
N.  Y.  At  the  latter  place,  emidoying  fifty  or 
one  hundred  laborers,  he  promoted  among  them 
the  interests  of  temjierancc,  and  conducted  reli- 
gious services  until  a  church  was  formed,  jf  which 
he  was  twenty-five  years  an  elder.  Even  in  his 
old  age,  in  Dr.  Mason's  church  in  New  York,  and 
in  Brooklyn,  he  was  a  Sunday-school  teacher  and 
a  tract  distrilmtor.  As  he  failed  once  in  business 
he  honestly  paid  up  the  old  debts,  from  which  he 
was  legally  discharged,  to  the  amount  of  20,000 


EDWARDS. 


EDWARDS. 


829 


dollars.  He  gnve  in  his  vote  as  a  citizen  sixty- 
one  years  His  wife  was  Rebecca,  a  daughter  of 
B.  Ta))iian ;  oif»ht  children  survived  him. 

KDWARDS,  Jonathan  W.,  an  eminent  law- 
yer, the  only  son  of  Rev.  Dr.  Jonathan  E.,  died  at 
ilartford  April  3,  1831,  aged  59.  He  graduated 
at  Yale  with  high  honor,  at  the  age  of  seventeen, 
in  1789,  and  afterwards  was  tutor.  In  taking  his 
second  degree  he  delivered  an  oration,  in  which  he 
attacked  the  existing  law,  by  which  the  eldest  f  on 
received  a  double  portion  of  the  estate  of  a  father, 
dying  without  a  will.  This  excited  attention  ;  the 
next  year,  1792,  the  obnoxious  law  was  repealed. 
Having  studied  law  at  Litchfield,  he  settled  at 
Hartford,  and  rose  rapidly  in  his  profession,  and 
became  one  of  the  most  distinguished  advocates. 
He  had  a  very  uncommon  genius,  quick  percep- 
tions, great  acutencss  in  reasoning,  and  a  quick, 
beautiful,  unfailing  flow  of  language.  Ill  health 
compelled  him  to  intermingle  with  his  studies 
agricultural  pursuits.  The  religion  of  the  gospel 
gave  him  peace  and  hope  in  his  closing  hours. 
He  was  deemed  a  model  as  a  man,  a  father,  a 
lawyer,  a  citizen,  and  a  Christian.  One  of  his  two 
sisters  married  Rev.  Dr.  Chapin.  His  wife  was 
Elizabeth  Tryon.  Rev.  Dr.  Tryon  Edwards,  of 
New  London,  is  his  son.  If  an  honored  ancestry 
furnishes  an  excitement  to  noble  effort,  he  had  such 
an  ancestry  to  excite  him.  His  father  and  grand- 
father were  eminent  theologians  and  presidents  of 
colleger ;  and  then  he  could  go  back,  as  among 
his  ancestors,  to  Tuthill,  Winthrop,  Downing, 
Stoddard,  AVarham,  Pierpont,  Hooker,  Willett, 
Brown,  Porter,  Walcott,  Pitkin,  Goodwin,  and 
Standley.  A  notice  of  Mr.  E.  was  written  by 
Chief  Justice  Williams,  and  is  contained  in  the 
appendix  to  a  volume  of  the  Connecticut  reports. 

EDWARDS,  Henry  W.,  governor  of  Con- 
necticut, died  at  New  Haven  July  22,  1847,  aged 
67.  Born  in  N.  H.,  the  son  of  Pierrepont  E.,  he 
graduated  at  Princeton  in  1797 ;  was  a  senator 
of  the  United  States;  and  governor  in  1833, 
1835-7. 

EDWARDS,  Henry  Pierrepont,  a  I'udge  of 
the  supreme  court  of  New  York  seven  or  eight 
years,  died  in  New  York  Feb.  24,  1855,  aged  46. 
He  was  the  son  of  Gov.  II.  W.  Edwards.  He 
was  learned,  dignified,  upright,  and  independent. 

EDWARDS,  Justin,  D,  D.,  died  at  tlie  Bath 
Alum  Spring,  Va.,  July  23, 1853,  aged  66.  Born 
in  Westhampton  April  25,  1787,  he  was  the  de- 
scendant of  Alexander  E.,  who  came  from  Wales 
in  1640,  and  lived  in  Springfield  and  Northamp- 
ton. He  graduated  at  Williams  college  in  1810. 
In  about  two  years  he  was  settled  as  the  minister 
of  Andover ;  after  fifteen  years  he  was  removed 
to  the  north  church  in  Boston,  but  in  two  years 
resigned  his  charge  and  became  secretary  of  the 
American  temperance  society.  During  his  seven 
years'  devotion  to  this  cause,  he  i)repared  the  "  per- 
42 


manent  tcmpcranre  documents."  After  this  he  was 
six  years  president  of  Andover  tiicological  scm- 
innry,  and  tiien  seven  years  engaged  in  ])romoting 
the  observance  of  tlie  Sabbatii,  writing  the  "  Sab- 
bath manual."     Four  years  he  spent  in  prejjaring 
comments  on  the  New  Testament,  and  the  Old, 
as  far  as  the  90th  Psalm,  when  he  ceased  to  write. 
He  went  to  Virginia  on  account  of  his  health. 
When,  in  great  suffering,  he  was  asked  if  he  had 
any   fear  of  death,  he   replied :  "  None.     It   is 
nothing  fearful  to  die  and  go  to  heaven."     It 
seemed  to  be  his  fixed  determination  to  do  all 
the  good  possible,  while  he  lived  in  the  world, 
lie  had  deep,  unbending  jmnciple,  indomitable 
energy,  earnest  jiiety.     The  beginning  of  his  re- 
ligious course  was  in  1805,  at  the  age  of  eighteen, 
owing  to  the  impression  made  ujjon  him  at  the 
deathbed  of  an  eminent  Christian.     At  the  house 
of  his  neighbor,  Noah  Parsons,  Jr.,  died  Mr.  P.'s 
mother,  the  wife  of  Noah  P.,  of  Northampton, 
who  was  there  on  a  visit.     The  Christian  conver- 
sation, peace,  and  supports  of  both,  as  lie  saw 
her  from  day  to  day,  taught  him  the  value  of  reli- 
gion, of  which  till  then  he  was  destitute.    She 
was  the  Phebe  Bartlett,  mentioned  by  Jonathan 
Edwards,  as  becoming  pious  at  five  years  of  age. 
His  wife  and  companion  in  life,  who  survived  him, 
and  the  mother  of  his  children,  was  Lydia,  daugh- 
ter of  Asa  Bigelow  of  Colchester.    He  assisted  ia 
founding  the  tract  society  of  Boston,  and  was 
secretary ;  and  when  it  was  united  to  the  society 
at  New  Y^ork  he  was  placed  on  the  publishing 
committee.     He  wrote  "  The  way  to  be  saved," 
"  Joy  in  heaven  over  the  penitent,"  "  Well-con- 
ducted form,"  and  *'  The  traffic  in  ardent  spirits." 
Of  these,  750,000  were  printed,  —  parts  of  his 
Sabbath  manual,  535,000 ;  temperance  manual, 
143,000;    comment    on    the    New    Testament, 
70,000.     A  sketch  of  his  life  and  labors,  by  Rev. 
Wm.  A.  Haliock,  was  published,  with  a  portrait, 
by  the  American  tract  society  in  1855. 

EDWARDS,  Bei,a  Bates,  I).  I).,  professor  in 
Andover  theological  school,  died  in  Georgia  April 
20,  1852,  aged  49.  He  was  born  at  Southamp- 
ton, Mass.,  July  4,  1802.  lie  descended  from 
Alexander  Edwards,  who  came  from  Wales,  and 
lived  in  Northampton  from  1655  to  1690,  and 
whose  grandson,  Samuel,  wno  died  in  1749,  was 
the  great-grandfather  of  Mr.  Edwards,  as  well  as 
of  Dr.  Justin  Edwards.  Mr.  E.'s  grandfather, 
also  named  Samuel,  who  was  a  soldier  in  the 
expedition  to  cape  Breton  in  1745,  removed 
to  Southampton  in  1753,  whore  he  was  a  deacon 
many  years,  till  his  death  in  1784,  Mr.  E.'s 
father,  Elisha,  born  in  1758,  was  also  a  deacon 
from  1790  till  his  death  in  1832.  His  mother, 
a  woman  of  intellect  and  great  worth,  died  in 
1826. 

Mr.  E.  graduated  at  Amher.Ht  college  in  1824. 
While  in  college  he  became  a  Cliristian.    In  1825 


330 


EDWARDS. 


he  entered  the  Hcminnry  nt  Andovcr.  For  two 
years  from  18120  he  was  n  tutor  at  Ainlicrst.  In 
May,  182H,  lie  was  cliosen  assistant  secretary  of 
the  American  education  society,  and  ])erformed 
the  duties  of  this  oflice,  at  the  same  time  iivinff  at 
Andover  and  jiursuinf;  his  theological  studies. 
From  1830  to  IH.'JO  he  lived  in  Uoston,  hut  re- 
signed his  odice  of  secretary  in  18.'53. 

IHs  literary  and  editorial  labors  were  very  great 
and  imjiortant.  From  1828  to  1812  he  edited 
the  American  Quarterly  llegister,  which  was 
called  first,  in  1827,  the  Quarterly  Journal  of  the 
American  education  society.  J'  o-  ahlished  in 
1833  the  American  Quarter);  ..ivcr,  which, 

after  three  volumes,  was  unite'  ..th  the  Biblical 
Repository  of  I'rof  Itobinson.  He  edited  it  from 
1835  to  1838.  Of  tho  Bibliotheca  Sacra  he  was 
the  editor  from  1844  to  1852.  For  the  long 
period  of  twentj'-three  years,  he  superintended  a 
part  of  our  jieriodi'-al  literature,  and  with  the  aid 
of  others,  produced  thirty-one  octavo  volumes,  — 
monuments  of  his  great  industry,  talents,  learn- 
ing, and  taste. 

Ho  lived  in  Andover  from  183G  till  his  death. 
In  1837  he  was  appointed  professor  of  Hebrew 
in  the  seminary,  and  in  1848  successor  of  Prof. 
Stuart  in  the  chair  of  j^rofessor  of  bibUcal  litera- 
ture. In  1846  and  1847  he  made  the  tour  of 
Europe  with  his  wi^e  and  one  of  his  children.  A 
pulmonary  disease  compelled  him  to  repair  to 
Athens  in  Ga.,  in  the  autumn  of  1851,  and  there 
he  died  in  jieace.  He  was  buried  at  Andover 
April  30th.  His  wife  was  Jcrusha  W.  Billings  of 
Conway,  a  grand-daughter  of  Ilev.  11.  S.  Storrs  of 
Longmeadow. 

His  memoir  was  published  by  Prof.  Park  in 
two  volumes,  in  1853,  containing  seven  sermons 
and  various  essays,  addresses,  and  lectures.  A 
more  interesting  memoir  of  a  literary,  pious,  and 
most  excellent  man  is  not  to  be  found.  Mr.  E. 
wrote,  besides  the  works  mentioned  already,  the 
eclectic  reader ;  biography  of  self-taught  men,  in 
1832;  and  the  missionary  gazetteer. 

EELLES,  Natiuniel,  minister  of  Scituate, 
died  Aug.  25,  1750,  aged  about  73.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  college  in  1699 ;  was  ordained  in 
1704.  He  was  a  man  of  eminence.  Among  his 
successors  was  Dr.  Barnes.  lie  published  a  ser- 
mon at  the  ordination  of  F.  Clapp,  1729;  rea- 
sons for  inviting  Mr.  Whitefield  to  preach  j  elec- 
tion sermon,  1743. 

EELLES,  Natiuniel,  minister  of  Stonington, 
Conn.,  son  of  tlie  preceding,  graduated  at  Har- 
vard college  in  1728.  He  died  in  1786,  aged 
about  80.  He  published  the  election  sermon, 
1748. 

EELLES,  Edwaiid,  minister  of  MiddletoTi-n, 
son  of  Nathaniel  F..,  of  Scituate,  died  hi  1776. 
He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1733. 
He  published  the  election  sermon,  1767. 


ELIOT. 

EELLES,  Samiel,  minister  of  North  Bran- 
ford,  Conn.,  died  Ajiril  23,  1808,  aged  63.  He 
was  a  graduate  of  Yale  in  1765,  and  was  a  useful 
pastor,  and  jjliysician  without  charge,  tliirty-nine 
years. 

EGBERT,  Thomas,  major,  died  in  New  Bruns- 
wick, N.  J.,  in  July,  1835,  aged  84,  an  officer  of 
the  Revolution. 

ELBERT,  Samuel,  major-general,  and  gov- 
ernor of  Georgia,  in  1785  succeeded  John  Hous- 
ton, and  was  succeeded  in  1786  by  Edward 
Telfair.  He  was  a  soldier  of  the  Itevolution, 
entering  tho  army  in  1776  as  a  lieutenant-colonel. 
In  1778  he  was  engaged  in  the  expedition  against 
East  Florida;  and  conducted  with  gallantry  in 
command  of  a  brigade  in  the  action  at  Brier 
Creek  March  2, 1770,  in  which  he  was  taken  pris- 
oner. He  died  at  Savannah  Nov.  3,  1788, 
aged  45. 

ELDRIDGE,  Charles,  M.  D.,  died  at  East 
Greenwich,  R.  I.,  Se])t.  15,  1838,  aged  56,  for- 
merly president  of  the  medical  society. 

ELIOT,  John,  minister  of  Roxbur}',  Mass., 
usually  called  the  Apostle  of  the  Indians,  was  bom 
at  Nasing,  Essex,  England,  in  1604 ;  died  May 
20,  1690,  aged  86.  His  pious  parents  early  im- 
jiarted  to  him  religious  instruction,  and  it  was  not 
without  effect.  After  receiving  his  education  at 
the  university  of  Cambridge,  he  was  for  some  time 
the  instructor  of  youth.  In  1631  he  came  to  this 
countrj',  and,  arriving  at  Boston  harbor  Nov.  3, 
immediately  joined  the  church  in  that  town,  and 
preached  to  them,  as  Mr.  Wilson  their  minister 
was  then  in  England.  Heio  he  was  earnestly 
requested  to  remain ;  but  he  was  settled  as 
teacher  of  the  church  in  Roxbury,  Nov.  5,  1632, 
In  the  following  year  Mr.  Welde  was  ordained  as 
his  colleague,  with  the  title  of  pastor.  Theae  two 
ministers  lived  together  in  much  harmony.  In 
1737  they  opposed  the  wild  notions  of  Mrs. 
Hutchinson,  and  were  both  witnesses  against  her 
at  her  trial.  In  1639  they  were  appointed,  with 
Richard  Mather,  of  Dorchester,  to  make  a  new 
version  of  the  psalms,  wliich  was  printed  in  the 
following  year.  For  tuneful  poetry  it  would  not 
perhaps  yield  the  palm  even  to  that  of  Sternhold 
and  Hopkins ;  but  it  did  not  give  perfect  satisfac- 
tion. Mr.  Shepherd,  of  Cambridge,  thus  ad- 
dressed the  translators  : 

"  Ye  Roxbuiy  poets,  kocp  clear  of  the  crime 
Of  missing  to  give  us  Tery  good  rhyme ; 
And  you  of  Dorchester,  your  verses  lengthen. 
But  with  the  text's  own  words  you  will  them  strengthen." 

The  New  England  psalms  were  afterwards  re- 
vised and  improved  by  President  Dunster,  and 
they  have  passed  through  twenty  editions.  In 
1641  Mr.  Welde  returned  to  England.  Mr. 
Eliot's  other  colleagues  in  the  ministry  were  Mr. 
Danforth  and  Mr.  Walter. 
His  beucvolcnt  labors  were  not  confined  to  lus 


\-i 


ELIOT. 

own  jicoplp.     Having  iniliihcd  the  true  s])irit  of  1 
the    fi;os])('l,   liis    hcnrt    was    toiichi'd    witli   the 
wrctclit'd  condition  of  the  IiidiaiiH,  and  ho  hccanie 
cafjcriy  dosirons  of  inalsinff  them  acciuainted  with 
tlie  glad  tidingM  of  Balvation.     There  were,  at  the 
time,  when  he  began  his  missionary   exertions, 
nearly  twenty  trihes  of  Indians  within  the  limits 
of  the  ]''nglish   ])lantcrs.     IJut  they   were  very 
similar  in  manners,  language,  and  religion.    Hav- 
ing learned  the  barbarous  dialect,  he  first  preached 
to  an  assembly  of  Indians  at  Nonantum,  in  the 
present  town  of  Newton,  Oct.  28,  IGIO.    After  a 
short  prayer  he  explained  the  commandments, 
described  the  character  and  Ruifcrings  of  Christ, 
the  judgment  day  and  its  consequences,  and  ex- 
horted them  to  receive  Christ  as  their  Saviour, 
and   to  pray  to   God.    After  the  sermon  was 
finished,  he   desired  them  to  ask  any  questions 
which  might  have  occurred.    One  immediately 
inquired,  whether  Jesus  Christ  could  understand 
prayers  in  the  Indian  language  ?    Another  asked 
how  all  the  world  became  full  of  peojjle,  if  they 
were  all  oi.ce  drowned  ?    A  third  question  was, 
how    there  could  be   the  imago   of  God,  since 
it  was   forbidden  in  the  commandment?     lie 
preached  to  them  a  second  time  Nov.  11,  and 
some  of  them  wept  while  he  was  addressing  them. 
An  old  man  asked,  with  tears  in  liis  eyes,  whether 
it  was  not  too  late  for  him  to  repent  and  turn 
unto  God?     Among  the  other  inquiric  :vcrc 
these,  —  how  it  came  to  pass  that  sea  wp       was 
salt  and  river  water  fresh  j  how  the  Engl  ..  can-  .• 
to  differ  so  much  from  the  Indians  in  the  knowl- 
edge of  God  and  Jesus  Christ,  since  they  all  at 
first  had  but  one  father ;  and  why,  if  the  water  is 
larger  than  the  earth,  it  does  not  overflow  the 
earth  ?    lie  was  violently  opposed  by  the  sachems, 
and  pawaws  or  priests,  who  were  apprehensive  of 
losing  their  authority  if  a  new  religion  was  intro- 
duced.   When  he  was  alone  with  them  in  the 
wilderness,  they  threatened  him  with  every  evil, 
if  he  did  not  desist  from  his  labors ;  but  he  was 
a  man  not  to  be  shaken  in  his  purpose  by  the  fear 
of  danger.    Ho  said  to  them :  "  I  am  about  the 
work  of  the  great  God,  and  my  God  is  with  me ; 
so  that  I  neither  fear  you,  nor  all  the  sachems  in 
the  country.    I  will  go  on,  —  do  you  touch  me,  if 
you  dare."    With  a  body  capable   of  enduring 
fatigue,  and  a  mind  firm  as  the  mountoin  oaks 
which  surrounded  his  path,  he  went  from  place  to 
place,  relying  for  jjrotection  upon  the  great  Head 
of  the  Church,  and  declaring  the  salvation  of  the 
gospel  to  the  children  of  darkness.     His  benevo- 
lent zeal  prompted  him  to  encounter  with  cheer- 
fulness thi3  most  terrifying  dangers,  and  to  submit 
to  the  most  incredible  hardships.     He  says  in  a 
letter  :  "  I  have  not  been  dry,  night  or  day,  from 
the  third  day  of  the  week  unto  the  sixth ;  but  so 
travelled,  and  at  night   pull  ofl'  my  boots  and 
wring  my  stockings,  and  on  with  them  again,  and 


ELIOT. 


331 


so  contin\ic.     Rut  God  steps  in  and  helps.    I 
have  considered  the  word  of  God,  1  Tim.  ii.  3, 
endure   hardship    as   a    good   soldier   of    Jesus 
Christ."     He  made  a  missionary  tour  every  fort- 
night, j)lanted  a  number  of  churches,  and  visited 
all  the  Indians  in  Massachusetts  and  Plymouth 
colonics,  jjursuiiig  his  way  as  far  as  cape  Cod. 
In  IGiH  an  Indian  town  was  built  on  a  pleasant 
Njjot  on  Charles  river,  called  Natick.    A  house  of 
worshi])  was  erected,  and  a  form  of  government 
was  established  similar  to  that  which  is  mentioned 
in  Exodus  xviii.  21.    He  was  convinced,  that  in 
order  to  the  most  permanent  success,  it  waff  neces- 
sary to  introduce  with  Christianity  the  arts  of 
civilized  life.    He  accordingly  made  every  exer- 
tion to  persuade  the  Indians  to  renounce  their 
savage  customs  and  habits ;  but  he  never  could 
civilize  those  who  went  out  in  hunting  parties  j 
and  those  who  lived  near  ponds  and  rivers,  and 
were  occupied  in  fishing  or  cultivating  the  ground, 
though  their  condition  was  much  improved,  could 
never  be  made  equally  industrious  with  the  Eng- 
lish.   The  first  Indian  church,  established  by  the 
labors  of  Protestants  in  America,  was  formed  at 
Natick  in  IGGO,  after  the  manner  of  the  Congre- 
gational churches  in  New  England.    Those,  who 
wished  to  be  organized  into  a  Christiaii  body, 
were  strictly  examined  as  to  their  faith  and  expe- 
rience by  a  number  of  the  neighboring  ministers, 
and  Mr.  Eliot  afterwards  administered  to  them 
baptipm  and  the  Lord's  supper.     Other  Indian 
churches  were  planted  in  various  parts  of  Massa- 
chusetts, and  he  frequently  visited  them  j  but  his 
pastoral  care  was    more  particularly  over  that, 
which  he  first  established.    He  made  every  exer- 
tion to  promote  the  welfare  of  the  Indian  tribes ; 
he  stimulated  many  servants  of  Jesus  to  engage 
in    the    missionary    work ;    and,    although    he 
mourned  over  the  stupidity  of  many,  who  pre- 
ferred  darkness  to   light,   yet  he  lived  to  see 
twenty-four  of  the  copper-colored  aborigines  fel- 
low preachers  of  the  precious  gospel  of  Christ. 
In  IGCl  he  published  the  New  Testament  in  the 
Indian  language,  and  in  a  few  years  the  whole 
Bible,  and  several  other  books,  best  adapted  for 
the  instruction  of  the  natives.    He  possessed  an 
influence  over  the  Indians,  which  no  other  mission- 
ary could  obtain.     He  was  their  shield  in  1675, 
during  Philip's  war,  when  seme  of  the  people  of 
Massachusetts,  actuated  by  the  most  infuriate 
spirit,  had  resolved  to  destroy  them.    He  sufiered 
every  abuse  for  his  friendship  to  them,  but  noth- 
ing could  quench  the  Divine  charity  which  glowed 
in  his  heart.    His  firmness,  liis  zeal,  his  benevo- 
lence at  this  period  increased  the  pure  lustre  of 
his  character.    When  he  reached  the  age  of  fore- 
score  years,  he  offered  to  give  up  his  salary,  and 
desired  to  be  liberated  from  the  labors  of  hia 
office  as  a  teacher  of  the  church  al.  Roxbury.    It 
was  with  joy,  that  he  received  Mr.  Walter  aa  hia 


SS2 


ELIOT. 


ELIOT. 


coUeoffuc  in  10S8.  AVlipn  lie  wns  hrndiiip;  uiuUt 
hJH  inlii'niitii'H  and  could  no  lon^'cr  visit  the  Im- 
(liunK,  he  iicrnuudt'd  a  nunilier  of  t'aniiiics  to  Neiid 
their  ncf,'i'o  servantN  to  him  onuo  u  week,  that  he 
might  instruct  tliem  in  the  truths  of  God.  He 
died,  saying,  tliat  all  his  lalnn-s  were  jjoor  and 
small,  and  exhorting  those,  who  Kurrounded  his 
bed,  to  pray.  His  last  words  were,  "Welcome 
joy."  Four  sons,  educated  at  Harvard  college, 
were  preachers;  John,  of  Xewtoii,  a  jjreaeher  also 
to  the  Indians;  Joseph,  of  Cnulford;  Samuel  died 
in  early  life  imsettled ;  Benjamin,  a  graduate  of 
16(i6,  Was  a  colleague  with  his  father,  but  died 
before  him. 

Mr.  Eliot  was  one  of  the  most  useful  ])rcachers 
in  New  England.  No  minister  saw  his  exertions 
attended  with  greater  effects.  He  spoke  from 
the  abundance  of  liis  heart,  and  his  sermons,  be- 
ing free  from  that  labored  display  of  learning, 
from  the  quibbles  and  quaint  turns  with  which 
most  discourses  were  at  that  time  infected,  were 
acceptable  in  all  the  churches.  So  much  was  he 
endeared  to  his  own  ])eople,  that  they  continued 
his  salary  after  he  had  oflered  to  resign  it,  and 
■when  he  was  unable  to  preach ;  and  the  youth 
were  in  the  habit  of  visiting  him,  calling  him  their 
father  and  friend.  Such  attentions  chased  away 
the  gloom  which  usually  hangs  over  the  head  of 
the  aged,  and  cheered  the  evening  of  his  life. 

His  moral  and  religious  character  was  as  excel- 
lent OS  his  ministerial  qualifications  were  great. 
He  carried  his  good  ])rinciples  with  him  in  every 
situation,  viewing  all  things  in  reference  to  God. 
lie  habitually  lifted  up  his  heart  for  a  blessing 
upon  every  person,  whom  he  met ;  and  when  he 
went  into  a  family,  he  would  sometimes  call  the 
youth  to  liim,  that  he  might  lay  his  hands  upon 
them,  and  give  them  his  benediction.  Such  was 
his  charity,  that  he  gave  to  the  poor  Indians  most 
of  his  salary  of  fitly  ])ounds,  whirh  he  received 
annually  from  the  society  for  ^  pagating  the 
gospel.  In  his  manner  of  living,  he  was  very 
simple.  One  plain  dish  was  his  repast  at  home, 
and,  when  he  dined  <)broad,  he  seldom  tasted  any 
of  the  luxuries  before  him.  He  drank  water ; 
and  said  of  wine,  "  It  is  a  noble,  generous  liquor, 
and  we  should  be  humbly  thankful  for  it,  but,  as 
I  remember,  water  was  made  before  it."  Clothing 
himself  with  humility,  he  actually  wore  a  leathern 
girdle  about  his  loins.  In  domestic  life  he  was 
peculiarly  hapj.v.  By  the  prudent  management 
of  his  wife,  who  looked  well  to  the  ways  of  her 
jusehold,  he  was  enabled  to  be  generous  to  his 
friends,  and  hospitable  to  strangers,  and  with  a 
small  salary  to  educate  four  sons  at  Cambridge, 
of  whom  John  and  Joseph,  ministers  of  Newton 
and  Guilford,  were  the  best  preachers  of  that  age. 

In  his  principles  of  church  government,  he  was 
attached  to  the  Congregational  order.  Yet  he 
contended    earnestly   for   frequent    synods    or 


councils,  as  necessary  for  the  preservation  of 
union,  for  the  suj)|)rcssion  of  daiii^erous  opinions 
and  liercsics,  for  llie  correction  of  abuses,  and  the 
healing  of  divi<i()Ms.  In  one  of  his  lr('iiti,--cs,  he 
j)ro])osi'(l  four  orders  of  councils,  the  con;?!!  ga- 
tional,  ])rovincial,  national,  and  lecuniinical.  lie 
thought  that  every  ])articular  church  should  have 
ruhng  elders,  to  assist  the  minister  in  the  duties 
of  government  and  instruction.  In  his  odmissions 
to  the  chtu'ch,  he  recjuired  of  the  candidates  some 
evidence  that  they  were  truly  Christians,  renewed 
in  their  hearts  by  the  S))irit  of  God.  He  with- 
stood the  attemjjts,  which  were  made,  to  change 
the  old  practice  of  giving  a  relation  of  the  work 
of  divine  grace,  which  ])ractice,  in  his  view,  jion- 
ored  the  Saviour,  and  ])roduced  an  intimate  union 
among  liis  discij)les.  He  could  not,  in  conseicnce, 
give  the  cuj)  of  the  Lord  to  any  one  who  did  not 
give  some  evidence  of  being  a  sincere  Christian. 

With  all  his  excellencies,  he  had  some  singu- 
larities and  fhange  notions.  He  had  a  most 
deejj-rooted  jirtjudice  against  wigs.  He  jjreached 
against  the  custom  of  wearing  them  ;  he  j)rayed 
against  it ;  he  attributed  to  it  the  evils  which  over- 
whelmed the  country.  He  thought,  as  Dr.  Cot- 
ton Mather,  who  himself  wore  a  wig,  informs  us, 
"  that  for  men  to  wear  their  hair  with  a  luxurious, 
delicate,  feminine  prolixity,  or  to  ilisfigure  them- 
selves with  hair,  which  was  none  of  their  own, 
but  above  all,  for  ministers  of  the  gospel  to  ruffle 
it  in  excesses  of  this  kind,"  was  an  enormous  sin. 
But  fashion  would  bear  sway,  notwithstanding  liis 
remonstrances,  and  he  finally  ceased  to  comjilain, 
saying,  "the  lust  is  become  insuperable."  His 
prejudice  against  tobacco  was  as  strong  as  his 
aversion  to  wigs  ;  but,  in  contempt  of  all  his  ad- 
monitions, the  hairless  head  would  be  adorned 
with  curls  of  foreign  growth,  and  the  pipe  would 
send  up  volumes  of  smoke.  In  his  old  age,  not 
long  before  his  death,  he  used  to  say  that  he  was 
shortly  going  to  heaven,  and  would  carry  a  deal 
of  good  news  with  liim ;  he  would  carry  tidings 
to  the  old  founders  of  New  England,  that  our 
churches  still  remained,  and  that  their  number 
was  continually  increasing.  So  remarkable  was 
he  for  his  charities,  that  the  parish  treasurer, 
when  he  once  paid  him  the  money  due  for  his  sal- 
ary, tied  the  ends  of  a  handkerchief,  into  which 
he  put  it,  in  as  many  hard  knots  as  he  could,  to 
prevent  him  from  giving  away  the  money  before 
he  should  reach  home.  The  good  man  immedi- 
ately went  to  the  house  of  a  sick  and  necessitous 
family,  and  told  them  that  God  had  sent  them 
some  relief.  Being  welcomed  by  the  suiferers 
with  tears  of  gratitude,  he  began  to  untie  the 
knots.  After  many  fruitless  efforts,  and  impatient 
of  the  perjilexity  and  delay,  he  gave  the  handker- 
chief and  all  the  money  to  the  mother  of  the 
familv,  saying,  "  Here,  my  dear,  take  it ;  I  believe 
the  Lord  designs  it  all  for  you." 


ELIOT. 


ELIOT. 


333 


Mr.  Eliot  puhlifhcd  several  letters,  in  a  work 
entitled,  the  glorious  ])ro^ri'.ss  of  the  jjosjiel  amoiifj 
the  IiidiiiiiH,  etc.,  l(Jl!(j  tears  of  rt'iientanee,  in 
coiijuiiction  with  Mr.  .Miivhew,  KiJ.'J ;  a  late  and 
further  maiiifestntioii  of  tiio  pro^jress  of  the  gos- 
pel amoiiff  the  Indians,  etc.,  Ifi.j.j  j  of  the  ^osjiel 
amongst  the  Indians,  etc.,  10,j!»  ;  a  lirief  narrative 
of  the  ])r()>;ress  of  the  ^"^I'L'l,  etc.,  107(1.  A 
work  of  his,  entitled  the  Christian  commonwealth, 
etc.,  was  ])ii1)lislied  in  Enj^land  ahont  tl>e  year 
1000,  written  nine  or  ten  years  before.  A'.'hcn  it 
was  received  in  Mussachiisetts,  the  governor  and 
coimcil,  viewinjf  it  as  full  of  seditious  jjrinciples 
against  all  established  governments,  csjiecially 
against  the  monarchy  of  their  native  country,  re- 
quired Mr.  Eliot  to  make  p.  recantation,  which  he 
accordingly  did,  acknowledging,  that  government 
by  kings,  lords,  and  commons  was  not  anti-Chris- 
tinn.  The  book  was  suppressed.  A  copy  is  in 
Col.  Aspinwall's  collection  of  books  relating  to 
America.  In  IGGl,  he  jmblishcd  his  translation 
of  the  New  Testament  into  the  Indian  tongue ; 
2d  edit.,  1G80 ;  and,  in  1GG3,  his  immense  work, 
the  translation  of  the  whole  Bible,  in  4to.,  en- 
titled, Mamusse  Wunneetupanatamwe  Ui>Biblum 
God  naneeswe  Ndikone  Testament  kah  wonk 
Wusku  Testament.  A  second  edition  was  printed 
in  1G85,  revised  by  Mr.  Cotton,  and  both  of  them 
M'ere  ])rinted  at  Cambridge.  The  longest  word 
is  in  Mark  l.  40 :  Wutaj)pesittukqussunnoohweh- 
tunkquoh,  "kneeling  down  to  him."  Mr.  Eliot 
olso  published,  Jews  in  America,  IGGO,  intended 
to  prove,  that  the  Indians  were  descendants  of 
the  Jews  ;  an  Indian  grammar,  IGCG ;  a  new  edi- 
tion, with  notes  by  IJu  Ponceau,  and  introduction 
by  J.  Pickering,  8vo.,  1822  ;  also  in  2  historical 
collections,  9th  volume ;  the  logic  primer,  for  the 
use  of  the  Indians,  1G72  ;  the  psalmti,  translated 
into  Indian  metre,  and  a  catechism,  annexed  to 
the  edition  of  the  New  Testament,  in  1080 ;  a 
translation  of  the  practice  of  piety,  of  Baxter's 
call  to  the  unconverted,  and  of  several  of  Shep- 
ard  i  works  j  the  harmony  of  the  gospels,  in  Eng- 
lish, 4to.,  1678;  the  Divine  management  of  gospel 
churches  by  the  ordinance  of  councils,  designed 
for  the  reconciliation  of  the  Presbyterians  and 
Congrcgationalists.  Nine  of  his  letters  to  Sir 
Robert  Boyle  are  in  the  .'id  volume  of  the  histori- 
cal collections,  and  lus  account  of  Indian  churches 
in  the  9th  volnme.  His  Christian  commonwealth 
is  in  historical  collections,  3d  series,  vol.  9.  — 
Mather's  Magnal., ill.  170-211 ;  Eliot's  Lifeand 
Death ;  Neat's  N.  E.  1. 151, 242, 258  j  ii.  98 ;  Hist. 
Coll.,1.  176  i  HI.  177-188;  Douglass,  II.  113; 
Hutchinson,  1.  162-169,  212;  Holmes,  i.  434; 
Life  hy  C.  Francis. 

ELIOT,  John,  minister  of  Newton,  the  son  of 
the  preceding,  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college 
in  1656.  He  was  ordained  at  Cambridge  village, 
or  Nonautum,  now  Newton,  in  1664,  and  in  this 


place  he  died  Oct.  11,  1008,  nged  32.  His  abili- 
ties as  a  prearluT  were  |)rc'-('niinent.  He  gave 
his  father  much  assistance  in  Iiis  missionary  em- 
l)loyment.  During  his  ministry  at  Newton  he 
usually  |)reache(l  once  a  fortnight  to  the  Indiana 
at  Pequimmit,  or  Stoughton,  and  sometimes  at 
Xatick. —  (louklii,  v. ;  Homer's  History  of  Xew- 
ton  in  Hint.  Coll.  V.  2(!(j. 

ELIOT,  Jaui:!),  minister  of  Killingworth, Conn., 
was  grandson  of  the  apostolic  John  I'liot,  and  the 
s(m  of  Joseph  Eliot,  niininter  of  Guilford,  who 
died  in  1091.  He  was  born  Nov.  7,  1085;  grad- 
uated at  Yale  college  in  1700;  was  ordained  Oct. 
2(i,  1709,  and  died  April  22,  1703,  aged  78.  In 
the  year  1722  lie  was  strongly  inclined  to  adopt 
the  Episcopalian  sentiments  ;  but  in  a  conference 
with  the  trustees  of  the  college  his  doubts  were 
removed.  He  was  a  botanist  and  a  scientific  and 
practical  agriculturist.  The  white  midl)erry  tree 
was  introduced  by  him  into  Conn.  He  discovered 
a  ])rocess  of  extracting  iron  from  black  sand.  He 
was  the  first  j)hysician  of  his  day  in  the  colony. 
Such  was  his  fame  for  the  treatment  of  chronic 
complaints,  that  he  was  sometimes  called  to  Bos- 
ton and  Newport,  and  was  more  extensively  con- 
sulted than  any  physician  in  New  England. 
Maniacs  were  managed  by  him  with  great  skill. 
In  the  multitude  of  his  jiursuits  his  judgment 
seemed  to  be  unfailing.  His  farms  in  ditl'erent 
parts  of  the  colony  were  well  managed.  Living 
on  the  main  road  from  Boston  to  New  York,  ho 
was  visited  by  many  gentlemen  of  distinction. 
Dr.  I'ranklin  always  called  ui)on  him  when  jour- 
neying to  his  native  town.  His  house  was  the 
seat  of  hospitality.  He  was  a  pious,  faithful 
preacher.  For  forty  years  he  never  omitted 
p.-eaching  on  the  Lord's  da\.  He  ])ublished  ag- 
ricultural essays,  several  editions ;  religion  sup- 
ported by  reason  and  revelation,  1735;  election 
sermon,  1738;  sermon  on  the  taking  of  Louis- 
bourg,  1745. —  Thucher  ;  Eliot;   2  Hid.  Coll. I. 

ELIOT,  A.\DRK\v,  D.  D.,  minister  in  Boston, 
died  Se])t.  13, 1778,  aged  59.  He  was  a  descen- 
dant of  Andrew  Elliott,  as  he  wrote  his  name, 
from  Somersetshire,  who  settled  at  Beverly  about 
1083.  His  father,  Andrew,  was  a  merchant  in 
Boston.  He  was  Ijorn  about  the  year  1719,  and 
in  1737  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college.  He 
early  felt  the  impressions  of  religion,  and  was 
uiduced  to  devote  himself  to  the  service  of  the 
Lord  Jesus.  He  was  ordahied  pastor  of  the  now 
church  in  Boston,  as  colleagi:"  with  Mr.  Webb, 
April  14,  1742.  Here  he  continued  in  high  rep- 
utation till  his  death.  He  left  eleven  children, 
two  of  them  ministers, —  Andrew,  of  Fairfield, 
and  John,  of  Boston.  His  last  surviving  child, 
Susanna,  wife  of  Dr.  David  Hull  of  Fairfield, 
died  in  1832. 

He  was  highly  respected  for  his  talents  and 
virtue.    While  he  preached  the  distinguishing 


834 


ELKXr. 


ELIOT. 


I  I 


hi 


doctrine*  of  the  K'>'*pcl>  lii"  "Tmons  worn  not 
lillcd  with  iiucctivfs  ii^fiiiiisl  Uionc  wIid  (Ilirci'ffl 
from  liiiii.  He  was  unxidiiM  Id  iiromolc  llir  iiiicr- 
csfH  (if  |)ni(li(;il  ^'odliiiiss,  iiud,  (Icsliliilc  of  liij; 
otry,  lie  tiiiliruccd  nil  wlio  ajijiciirrd  to  luive  iiii 
honest  ri'(,'iu(l  to  n'lif,'iouH  tnilli.  His  discourses 
wcrc^  written  in  a  style  persjiietions  luid  rorreet, 
and  he  (hdivercd  I  hem  w  ih  di;,'nily,  ^'raeefulness, 
nod  unatl'eeted  fervor.  His  audienee  was  never 
inaltenlive.  'I'iie  various  duties  of  liie  jiaslora! 
odice  lie  evi  r  (liseh.ir;;ed  willi  lldelity.  He  re- 
vered the  ccnstitulion  of  the  einirehes  of  Xew 
England,  and  delif,'hteil  in  their  jirosjicrity.  In 
17i;i  lie  united  with  many  other  excellent  minis- 
ters in  f^'iviii;,'  his  testimony  in  favor  of  the  very 
rcniiirkalile  revival  of  religion  in  this  country. 

When  tlie  llritish  took  jiossession  of  Uoston, 
he  sent  his  family  out  of  the  town  with  the  inten- 
tion of  following  tlienij  iiut  a  numher  of  the 
people  bclongiiiff  to  his  nocioty  and  to  other 
societies,  lieinf;  ol)li;,'ed  to  remain,  requested  him 
not  to  leave  them.  After  scekinf^  Divine  direc- 
tion, he  thouffiit  it  liis  duty  to  comjily  with  their 
request,  and  in  no  jieriod  of  his  life  was  he  more 
eminently  useftd.  He  was  n  I'riend  to  tlio  free- 
dom, jicaco,  and  indei)cndonce  of  America.  Uy 
his  henovolent  oHices  he  contributed  much  toward 
alloviatiiiff  the  NufTeriiif^s  of  the  inhabitants ;  he 
ministered  to  liis  sick  and  wounded  countrymen 
in  jjrison  ;  lie  went  abont  doing  good,  and  he  ap- 
peared to  be  more  than  ever  disengaged  from  the 
world,  and  ottached  to  things  heavenly  and  Di- 
vine. He  was  a  friend  of  literature  and  science, 
and  he  rendered  imjiortnnt  services  to  Harvard 
college,  both  as  an  individual  benefactor,  and  as  a 
member  of  the  board  of  overseers  and  of  the 
corporation.  k"o  highly  were  his  literary  acquire- 
ments and  general  character  estimated,  that  he 
■was  once  elected  president  of  the  university ;  but 
liis  attachment  to  his  people  was  such,  that  he 
declined  the  appointment.  In  liis  last  sickness 
he  e-xpressed  unshaken  faith  in  those  doctrines  of 
the  grace  of  God  which  he  had  preached  to 
others,  and  would  frequently  breathe  out  the 
pious  ejaculation,  "Come,  Lord  Jesus,  come 
quickly." 

He  wrote  a  long  account  of  the  effects  of  the 
dispute  between  Great  Britain  and  America  in 
1768,  which  he  sent  to  a  friend  in  England.  It 
is  spoken  of  with  high  respect,  both  on  account 
of  its  style,  and  of  the  candor  and  moderation 
with  which  it  was  written.  The  following  is  a 
catalogue  of  his  publications :  A  sermon  at  his 
own  ordination,  1742;  inordinate  love  of  the 
world  inconsistent  with  the  love  of  God,  1744; 
on  the  death  of  John  Webb,  1750;  a  fast  sermon, 
1753 ;  at  the  ordination  of  Joteph  Roberts,  1754 ; 
of  Ebon  Thayer,  1766 ;  of  Joseph  Willard,  1773 ; 
of  his  son,  Andrew  Eliot,  1774;  of  his  brother 
John,  1779;  a  thanksgiving  sermoa  for  the  con- 


quest of  Quebec,  1750;  election  sermon,  t"n.5| 
Dudleian  leettire,  177t  ,  at  tli<'  lAeculion  of  Levi 
.\rn('s,  ITT.'i ;  a  volume  of  twenty  sermons,  Hvo., 
1771. —  'riiiiilin'.i  /''inn III!  Siiiiiini;  Atiiiioirs 
tif    Tli<iiii(l.s  l/ollin;    lli.it.  (''ill.  \.  \HH;    I'lnmrr. 

I'lLIOT,  SaMIKI.,  a  lienefaetor  of  Harvard  col- 
lege, was  the  son  of  Samuel  V,.,  a  bookseller  of 
lloston,  who  was  the  brother  of  Dr.  A.  Eliot. 
.\s  a  merchant  he  aeepiired  a  large  estate.  He 
died  Jan.  IM,  IHL'O,  aged  N|.  Three  of  his 
dau^jjhters  were  married  to  l'^.  Dwight  and  Pro- 
fessors A.  Norton  and  (i.  Tic  knor.  Some  time 
before  his  death  he  iiresented  to  Harvard  college 
i.'(),(J()0  dollars  to  found  a  jirofessorsbip  of  Greek 
literature.  He  left  an  estate  of  little  less  than  a 
million  of  dtdhirs. 

i;i.I()T,  John,  J).  D.,  minister  in  Doston,  the 
Sim  of  Dr.  Andrew  E.,  was  born  May  31,  1754, 
and  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1772.  After 
jireachiiig  a  few  years  in  ditt'crent  places,  he  was 
ordained  as  the  sucrossor  of  his  fhther,  Nov.  3, 
1779,  i)astor  of  the  new  north  church  ui  Boston. 
He  died  of  an  affection  of  the  hi-art,  or  pericar- 
dium. Eel).  14,  1813,  aged  58.  His  wife,  Ann 
Treadwell,  daughter  of  Jacob  T.,  of  Portsmouth, 
survived  him.  I  )uring  his  ministry  of  thirty-four 
years  he  baptized  1454  jiersons ;  performed  the 
ceremony  of  marriage  811  times;  and  admitted 
IGl  to  full  communion  in  the  church.  Dr.  Eliot 
was  very  mild,  courteous,  and  benevolent;  as  a 
preacher  he  was  plain,  familiar,  and  jiractical, 
avoiding  dis])uted  topics,  and  always  recommend- 
ing charity  and  peace.  For  nine  years  he  was 
one  of  the  corporation  of  Harvard  college.  With 
his  friend.  Dr.  Belknap,  he  co-operated  in  estab- 
lishing and  sustaining  the  Massachusetts  histor- 
ical society,  to  the  publications  of  which  he 
contributed  many  writings.  His  attention  was 
much  devoted  to  biographical  and  historical  re- 
searches. He  published  a  sermon  to  freemasons, 
1782;  a  charge  to  the  same,  1783;  a  thanksgiv- 
ing sermon,  1794 ;  at  the  ordination  of  J.  JIc- 
Kean,  1797 ;  of  H.  Edes,  1805 ;  on  public  worship, 
1800 ;  on  the  completion  of  a  house  of  worship, 
1804;  a  New  England  biographical  dictionary, 
8vo.,  1809;  and  in  the  liistorical  collections  the 
following  articles :  account  of  burials  in  Boston ; 
description  of  New  Bedford,  iv. ;  notice  of  W. 
Whittingham,  and  narrative  of  newspapers,  v. ; 
sketch  of  Dr.  Belknap,  vi. ;  ecclesiastical  history 
of  Massachusetts  and  Plymouth,  Vii.  IX.  X.  and 
two  sermons,  I. ;  account  of  John  Eliot ;  account 
of  Marblchead;  memoirs  of  Dr.  Thacher,  viii. ; 
memoirs  of  A.  Eliot  and  T.  Pemberton,  x.  —  2 
Hid.  Co/;.  1.211-248. 

ELIOT,  Joseph,  minister  of  Guilford,  Conn., 
the  son  of  Rev.  John  E.,  died  May  24, 1694,  aged 
about  60.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1653. 
About  the  year  1664  he  succeeded  Mr.  Higgin- 
son  at  Guilford.    After  a  ministry  of  thirty  years 


ELIOT, 


ELLIOTT. 


335 


hp  ilird,  prrmtly  Inmcntcil.  H\  Rurrrssnr*  wrrr 
'riiimiii'"  1{ii>;k'''"i  ^*'">  '1'<''1  ill  ITJSj  'rinmmH 
lluj;;,',  ,  till'  s<iii,  wild  (lied  in  ITTi);  Aimi!*  I'ow- 
jcr,  who  (lird  lY'li.,  ISOO,  used  7Jj  and  John 
Kliot. 

I'.l.IOT,  JAf'dii,  niinistiT  of  Lcluinon,  Conn., 
difd  Ajiril  I'J,  I7(i((,  ii;;(mI  (i.'i.  Horn  in  Itost.on, 
ht'  fjr.'idmiti'd  ut  Ciiinliridfji'  in  ITJO,  and  was  or- 
duini'd  over  tlit'  third  chiuvli  in  Lebanon  in 
17-!».  HiH  wife  wiiM  Ut'tty,  a  daughter  of  llev.  J. 
UoliiiiHon,  of  Duxlmry. 

IILIOT,  Andkiav,  minister  of  I'airfifid,  Conn., 
died  Oct.  U(J,  1H(»,  a>;ed  ()'-'.  He  was  tlio  son  of 
Dr.  A.  I'Uiot,  of  lioston,  was  ^;;raduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1702,  and  was  afterwards  lilirarian  and 
tutor,  and  was  ordained  June  '22,  1771.  AVIieii 
Fairlield  was  burnt  by  the  Uritish  in  177!',  his 
house  and  lilirary  were  consumed.  His  wife  was 
Mary,  dauf^hter  of  ooseph  I'ynchon;  his  stin. 
.Vnch'ew,  was  the  nunistiruf  XewMilford. —  CdU, 
Hint.  Snr.  X.  ISS. 

ELIOT,  Cii.Mii.Ks,  a  pradurite  of  Harvard  in 
IfiOO,  died  in  IHl.'J.  His  brother-in-law,  I'rof. 
Norton,  edited  his  miscellaneous  writinffs,  IKll, 

ELLEIIY,  AVlLLiAM,  a  member  of  conj^ress, 
died  Feb.  15,  1820,  af<ed  92.  He  was  tlie  son  of 
AVm.  E.,  n  merchant  of  Newport,  U.  I.,  who  (l,i  d 
in  1836,  ajjed  16;  and  was  graduated  in  1717, 
at  Harvard  college,  of  which  his  lather  was  a 
graduate  in  1722.  Having  studied  law,  he  for 
many  years  successfully  prosecuted  his  jjrofession 
at  Newport.  At  the  commencement  of  tlie  Ilev- 
olution  ho  espoused  the  cause  of  his  country.  Of 
the  congress  of  1770  he  was  an  active  and  influ- 
ential member.  His  name  was  aflixed  to  tlie 
Declaration  of  Independence.  Placing  himself 
by  the  side  of  secretary  Thompson,  he  watched 
the  looks  of  the  noble-minded  patriots,  as  they 
signed  tlie  instrument.  The  plan  of  fircshijis, 
recommended  by  the  marine  committee,  to  be 
sent  out  from  Ilhode  Island,  is  supposed  to  have 
been  suggested  by  him.  When  the  Ih-itish  occu- 
pied Newport,  his  dwelling-house  was  burnt.  On 
his  retiring  from  congress  in  178C,  he  was  aji- 
])ointed  commissioner  of  loans ;  he  was  also 
elected  chief  justice  of  Rhode  Island.  AVhen  the 
new  government  was  organized,  Washington  aji- 
pointed  him  in  1789  collector  of  Newport;  an 
office  wliich  he  held  till  his  death.  He  died  as 
he  was  reading  Tully's  offices,  in  Latin.  It  was 
often  his  consolation  in  hfe,  that  "  the  Lord 
rcigneth."  Disregarding  human  applause,  lie 
was  accustomed  to  say,  "  humility  rather  than 
pride  becomes  such  creatures  as  we  are." —  Qood- 
rich's  Lives. 

ELLICOTT,  Andukw,  professor  of  mathemat- 
ics at  West  Point,  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  emjjloyed  in  surveying  and  jjlanning  the 
city  of  Washington.  He  was  also  employed  in 
ascertaining  the  boundary  between  the  United 


Stftfrs  and  Spain,  which  labor  lie  commcncrd  in 
17!«).  He  died  at  West  I'oiiil  Aug.  2H,  IH20, 
aged  07.  He  pulilished  a  journal,  with  a  map  of 
Ohio,  Missis>>ip|ii,  and  a  part  of  Flor  <la,  1H<>()| 
astronoinind  and  other  papert  in  the  trunsactiona 
of  .\.  1".  society. 

KLLlOT.oi.iVKR.died  at  Mason,  N.  II.,  .March 
.')  IH;i7,  aged  Ii)2.  He  was  a  nuldivr  in  the 
I'niK-h  and  Uevoliitionai)  wars. 

ELLIOT,Jamks,  diedat  Newfane,Vt.,  Nov.  10, 
1N.'J9.     He  was  a  member  of  congress  in  IMOII-!), 

ELLIOT,  Jo.NATll.V.v,  died  in  Wiushingtcm 
March  12,  IHKi,  aged  01.  Itorn  in  England,  liu 
eame  to  New  York  and  was  a  book  printer, 
l''r()in  IHH  be  edite<l  with  much  ability  the 
Washington  Gazette  for  thirteen  years.  IUn 
character  was  excellent.  He  wrote  tlie  American 
di|)li)Uialic  code,  debates  on  the  adoption  of  the 
eon.'-titution,  the  comparative  tarill's,  funding  sys- 
tem, and  statistics. 

ELLIOT  T,  Ta().MAS,a  patriot  of  the  Ilevolution, 
died  in  South  Carolina  Feb.  .">,  1821,  aged  7;{.  In 
the  battle  of  Sullivan's  island  he  was  stationed  at 
fort  .fohnson  ;  he  fought  at  Stono ;  during  the 
siege  of  Charleston  he  performed  the  duties  of  a 
soldier,  and  with  unyielding  firmness  preferred  the 
miseries  of  the  prison-ship  to  the  terms  offered 
by  the  enemy. 

ELLlDlT,  CliAULKs,  of  South  Carolina,  a  pat- 
riot, equiiijied  at  his  own  exjiense  a  considerable 
body  of  troops ;  but  died  before  the  close  of  the 
war.  His  daughter  Jane,  married  to  Col.  Wash- 
ington in  1782,  died  in  lN;i(),  aged  (iO,  at  the 
family  scat  at  Sandy  Hill,  South  Carolina. 

ELLIOTT,  A.\.N.\,  wife  of  Charles  E.,  the 
daughter  of  Thomas  I'erguso'.i  of  South  Carolina, 
was  a  jjatriot  of  the  Revolution.  She  received 
under  her  roof  tlie  siek  and  wiuiiided,  and  was  to 
them  an  angel  of  iiierev. 

ELLIOrr,  .Idii.N,  1).  I).,  died  hi  1S24,  aged 
about  70.  He  graduated  ut  Vale  in  1770,  and 
was  minister  in  (iuilford.  Conn.,  now  Madison. 
He  ])ublislied  a  sermon  ot  the  ordination  of  D.  E. 
Field,  1805!  ot  !•;.  T.  Fitch,  1818. 

ELLIOTT,  RoiiKUT,  captain,  died  In  Montgom- 
ery county,  ^'a.,  Jan.  4,  1838,  aged  105,  an  officer 
of  the  Re\«ilution. 

ELLIOTT,  Ja(,'()R,  lieutenant,  di<  d  in  Chester, 
N.  II.,  Dec.  0,  1841,  aged  80.  He  was  in  the 
Lexington  battle,  and  in  that  of  lieiinuigton  was 
severely  wounded. 

ELLIOTT,  Ji;.s.sE  D.,  commodore,  died  in  Phil- 
adeljihia  Dec.  10,  1845,  aged  02.  He  was  second 
in  command  under  Perry  on  lake  F^rie. 

ELLIOTT,  Stei'IIKX,  liL.  D.,  a  botanist,  died 
at  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  March  28,  1830, 
nged  58.  He  was  born  at  Peaufort,  Nov.  11, 
1771,  and  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1791. 
Afterwards  ho  devoted  his  attention  chiefly  to 
the  improvement  of  his  estate.    At  an  early  age 


II' 


330 


lA.UH. 


he  Iwcnm.  n  mrmlicr  of  tin-  Ir^i-tlnfiirp,  in  «liiili 
ciipmity  li''  iiilroiliucil  tlir  |iriijc(l  of  the  Stiitc 
liunk,  of  »lii(  l>  lie  wiiN  c'llo^•^n  iiri'^idi  lit  iiiiil  at 
the  ht'iiil  of  uliirli  In-  rctnaiiicil  until  liin  di'iitli. 
Ilv  MiiH  aUo  iircsiili'iit  of  xrM'ral  litiTury  aiut 
nciriitilic  MiciclicK,  anil  profcHMor  o*' natiin'l  In'Ntory 
mill  liotany  in  tlir  nu'ilii  iil  colli'^^c,  I'lir  South- 
ern rcvii'W  was  pilniipally  coiiiluili'il  l.y  liiiii.  lie 
dii'il  of  till'  j^oiii  ill  till'  htoniiicli.  IIIh  ti-nprrwan 
mild,  and  liis  iiMiincri  intcrrNliiiK.  Il<'  In  d  made 
n  lal';;i>  anil  valiiiililr  colliTlinn  in  tiiitiiral  liiNton. 
With  the  lilcraturi'  of  I'Viincc  and  Spain  ho  was 
well  nctiuaintrd.  llo  piililiMlicd  nkutch  of  till' 
botany  of  Soiii  '  Ciirolinu  and  ticorj^ia,  2  voIn. 
8vo.  1821. 

KLLIS,  111  NJAMIN,  J)r.,  died  nt  Franklin, 
Conn.,  ill  IH'JI.  n/{t'd  ".'1.  lie  wns  n  Hiirf^'con 
during  till!  wliiili'  Itcvoliilionary  war. 

KLIJS,  .IniiN  M.,  died  at  Nashua  Aii^.  (1,  \H:,.',, 
nffi'd  02.  Horn  in  Ki'cnc,  lie  f;ra(liiati'd  at.  Dart- 
mouth in  IN22,  and  studied  thcolo^'y  at  Aiidovcr. 
In  the  Kervice  of  the  home  missionary  society  la- 
went  to  the  west,  and  there  was  a  jiastor  ten 
years :  then  ho  took  a  jironiiiient  jjurt  in  the 
founding  of  the  collef^es  of  Jacksonville  and 
Wabash.  Subsequently  he  toiled  in  the  cause  of 
ministerial  education.  He  was  a  man  of  judg- 
ment, of  enerjjy,  and  of  benevolence.  For  years 
he  sujiported  three  scholarships  in  reference  to 
the  ministry.  Uy  his  offer  of  ]irizes  of  200  dol- 
lars each  he  brouj,dit  out  three  essays,  —  the  edu- 
cational systcm.s  of  the  Puritans  and  Jesuits  by 
Prof.  Porter,  jirayer  for  collej^es  by  Prof.  Tyler, 
and  primitive  piety  revived  by  II.  ('.  Fish,  now- 
much  f,'ood  may  be  the  results  of  the  ell'orts  of 
this  one  luiinblu  man  !  lie  was  a  man  of  sor- 
rows. While  at  the  west  his  whole  family,  in  his 
absence  from  home,  was  swept  avay  by  sickness, 
his  wife  and  two  children.  As  ho  was  dyiiiK- 
when  asked  if  Christ  was  jjrccious,  he  said,  "  Ail 
in  all,  all  in  all,  all  in  all!" 

ELLIS,  ('ALi:ii,Judfi;e  of  the  superior  court  of 
New  llam])sliire,  was  born  at  AValpole,  Mass.,  and 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1"!W.  Ho 
practised  law  in  C'laremont,  N.  H.  In  ISO  I  he 
»vas  elected  a  member  of  conf,'ress.  In  INl.'J  ho 
'was  ajipointed  a  judjfe  of  the  superior  cotn-f,  in 
which  ollice  he  continued  till  his  death,  May  0, 
1810,  af;ed  40.  He  was  a  man  of  candor  and 
moderation,  disinterested,  and  liiithful  in  the  olli- 
ces  intrusted  to  him.  He  sought  no  poi)ularity 
except  that  which  follows  the  pursuit  of  noble 
ends  by  honest  means.  As  a  judge  he  was 
enlightened,  iiide])eiidont,  impartial,  and  inflex- 
ible ;  yet  mild  and  courteous.  He  had  a  delicate 
and  scruinilous  sense  of  honor  and  honesty.  His 
regard  to  the  institutions  of  religion  and  morality 
was  evinced  by  the  beiiucst  of  oOOO  dollars  for 
the  support  of  a  minister  in  Claremont.  —  Smith's 
Sketch ;  Farmer's  Collect.  U.  225-232. 


IILI.SWOUTH. 

I'.I.LM.AKF.Il,  Amoh,  judge,  diid  in  I.nneiwtrr, 
Pa,  ill  Dec,  \h:,\,  llewahan  oltlrer  in  tlieiirniy 
of  |NI2,  a  iiieniliir  of  <iingre«H,  judge,  and  iitlnr- 
ney-getieral  ;  in  |N:)2  he  wan  n  randidute  for  tho 
vice-preHidenev. 

Fl.l.sWornil.Oi.iviin,  LL.  I).,  chief  jUHticn 
of  the  I'nitcd  States,  died  Nov.  20,  IM<l7,  aged 
(i.').  lie  wax  iMirn  at  Wiiidsor,  Cniin.,  .\pril  20, 
17  l.'i,  and  wiiH  graduated  at  tlu- college  in  New 
Jersey  in  1700.  He  soon  allerwards  conimenccd 
the  |iraetice  of  the  law,  in  which  prol'eHsion  ho 
became  eminent.  His  perceptions  were  unusually 
rapid,  his  reasoning  clear  and  conclusive,  and  his 
elocpienee  powerful.  In  the  year  1777  he  was 
chosen  a  delegate  to  the  continental  congri'ss. 
In  17nO  he  was  elected  into  the  council  of  his 
nalive  State,  and  he  continued  a  member  of  that 
body  till  I7HI,  when  he  was  appointed  u  judge  of 
the  Ku|)erior  court.  In  1087  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  convention  which  framed  the  fed- 
eral constitution.  In  an  asKembly,  illiiKtrious  for 
talents,  erudition,  and  jiatriotism,  he  held  a  dis- 
tinguished jilace.  His  exertions  essentially  aided 
in  the  |iroduetion  of  an  instrument,  which,  under 
the  divine  blessing,  has  been  the  niain  pillar  of 
American  prosperity  and  glory.  He  was  imme- 
diately afterwards  a  member  of  the  State  conven- 
tion, and  contributed  his  efforts  towards  procuring 
the  ratification  of  that  instrument.  When  the 
federal  government  was  organized  in  17  Hi),  ho 
was  chosen  a  member  of  the  senate.  This  ele- 
vated station,  which  he  filled  with  his  accustomed 
dignity,  he  occupied  till  in  March,  170(),  he  was 
nominated  by  Washington  chief  jus' ice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  United  States  as  the  succcs- 
sor  of  Mr.  Joy.  Though  his  attention  hod  been 
for  many  years  abstracted  from  the  study  of  tho 
law,  yet  he  presided  in  that  high  court  with  the 
greatest  reputation.  His  charges  to  the  jury 
were  rich  not  only  in  legal  priiicl])les  l)ut  in  moral 
sentiments,  exin-essed  in  o  Kim])le,  concise  style. 
Toward  the  close  of  the  year  1700  he  was  a])- 
pointed  by  president  Adams  envoy  extraordinary 
to  France- for  the  ])ur])ose  of  settling  a  treaty  with 
that  nation.  With  much  reluctance  he  accepted 
the  appointment.  In  conjunction  with  Ciovernor 
Davio  and  Mr.  Murray,  his  ossociates,  he  negoti- 
ated u  treaty.  Having  accomj)]ished  the  business 
of  his  embassy,  he  re])aii'ed  to  F.iigland  for  the 
benefit  of  the  muicral  water.s,  as  his  health  had 
Rutl'ered  much  in  his  voyage  to  Kurojio.  Con- 
vinced that  his  infirmities  must  incapacitate  him 
for  the  future  discharge  of  his  duties  on  the 
bench,  ho  transmitted  a  resignation  of  his  office 
of  chief  justice  at  tho  close  of  the  year  1800. 
On  his  return  to  Connecticut,  his  fellow  citizens, 
desirous  of  still  enjoying  the  benefit  of  his  extra- 
ordinary talents,  elected  him  into  the  council ; 
and  in  May,  1807,  he  was  ajjpointed  chief  justice 
of  the  State.    This  office,  however,  he  declined, 


I'LLSWOUTH. 


ri.Y. 


337 


from  npprchciiKiDn  tlmt  lie  roiilil  not  lonx  •iirvivt* 
iiiidrr  till'  firri'<iir(>  of  liis  ilistri'iHinn  muludy,  tlio 
gravel,  mitl  iif  (iDinrttic  alHictidtiM, 

Mr.  I'.lKwortli  w.is  nil  .l(•cl>rn|pli^lll•<l  nilvorntc,  nn 
iljirl^lil  li';{iH|atiir,  :iii  iilili'  luiil  iiii|iiirtiiil  jiiil;;c,  ii 
wi^iMitiil  iin'orriiptililc  uiiiSaNNadDr,  and  an  ardi'iit, 
tinirorin.aiid  indrlalij^aMc  |ialri<it.  lie  tiiovi'd  tor 
iiiorr  tliaii  lliirtj  yi'arMJn  ainoNt  conHjiiciiDiiMBplu'rc' 
unUKKailt'd  liytlic  Hliat>»  of  slaiiilrr.  His  intcj^rity 
wax  not  only  unimpenrlicd,  l)ut  iiiisuMpi'ctcd.  In 
his  di'liatcs  in  Ic^^islalivc  liodics  lie  was  Nonio- 
tinics  ai'dcnl,  lint  liis  ardor  illnniinatcd  the  niiIi- 
jcct.  His  pnrposcs  he  pursued  with  linniu'ss, 
indcpiMidcni'c,  and  intrepidity.  In  private  lite  he 
wnN  n  moch'l  of  sneial  and  personal  virtue,  lie 
was  just  in  liis  dealin^js,  frank  in  his  cornmunicn- 
tions,  kind  and  o)ili;;in;^  in  liiN  dejiortnient,  easy 
of  access  to  all,  beloved  and  resiiected  liy  his 
neifjlil'orH  and  acquaintance.  Amid  the  varied 
lionors,  accumulated  upon  him  liy  his  country,  lie 
WAN  unuNNuminf{  and  humlilo.  His  dress,  his 
e(piiimji;e,  ond  mode  of  living  were  re}(ulated  by  n 
principle  of  re|iul)Ucan  economy  i  hut  for  the  pro- 
motion of  useful  and  lienevolent  desij^ns  he  com- 
municated with  reudhicHs  and  liberality.  The 
jiurity  niid  cxcellcnco  of  his  charncter  are  rare  in 
any  station,  and  in  thu  higher  walku  of  life  are 
almost  unknown. 

If  it  he  uskcd,  To  what  cause  is  the  uniformity 
of  his  virtue  to  be  attributed  ?  the  answer  is  nt 
hand,  —  He  was  a  Christian.  He  firmly  believed 
m  the  fjreat  doctrines  of  the  gospel.  Having  its 
ii])irit  transfused  into  his  own  heart,  and  being  di- 
rected by  its  maxims  ond  impelled  by  its  motives, 
he  at  all  times  pursued  a  course  of  upright  con- 
duct. The  princii>Ies  which  governed  him  were 
not  of  a  kind  wluch  are  liable  to  be  weakened  or 
destroyed  by  the  o])portunity  of  concealment,  the 
security  from  dishonor,  the  authority  of  numbers, 
or  the  prospects  of  interest.  He  made  an  ex- 
plicit confession  of  Christianity  in  his  youth;  and, 
in  all  his  intercourse  with  the  polite  and  learned 
world,  he  was  not  ashamed  of  the  gospel  of 
Christ.  In  the  midst  of  multiplied  engagements 
he  made  theology  a  study,  and  attended  with  un- 
varying punctuality  on  the  worship  of  the  sanctu- 
ary. The  sage,  whose  eloquence  had  charmed 
the  senate,  and  whose  decisions  from  the  bench 
were  regarded  as  almost  oracular,  sat  with  the 
simjilicity  of  a  cliild  at  the  feet  of  Jesus,  devoutly 
absorbed  in  the  mysteries  of  redemption.  His 
religion  was  not  cold  and  heartless,  but  jiractical 
and  vital.  Meetings  for  social  worshij)  and  pious 
conference  he  couiiteiumced  by  his  jiresence.  He 
was  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  missionary  society 
of  Connecticut,  and  engaged  with  ardor  in  the 
benevolent  design  of  disseminating  the  truths  of 
the  gospel.  In  his  last  illness  he  was  humble  and 
tranquil.  lie  expressed  the  submission,  the  views. 
Olid  the  consolations  of  a  Christian.  Ilis  sjiccch 
43 


hi  the  convention  of  Connrrtiriit,  in  favor  of  the 
ronstitutiiin,  is  preserved  in  tlie  Amirirnn  mil- 
w'lim.  -  I'iihi'IiUhI  mill  M-.i^iininrij  Mnijittiuf,  I. 
I!».'l-l!t7i  llriiirn'.t  .Im.riV'/ii  llrjinter.nAKi-Wi 
/hri./li/'M  Tiiinlf,  I.  ;M)l-.tO|. 

I'.I.Mr.U,  i:iiKM/l  II,  died  at  Uridgeton,  N.  J., 
Oct,  Is,  IHI.J,  ii;;ed  !M.  He  was  an  ollicer  in  the 
army  <if  the  Itevolution,  n  member  of  rongrcii, 
president  of  the  soriety  of  the  Cinrinnnti. 

I'.I.Wj.l.l.,  Ml  iii/r.Mii  I ,  Mrs.,  died  in  Saco, 
Mr..  .Imii.  lit,  1n:|.-.,  nged  10(1. 

I'.I.Y,  Uli  iiAKii,  minister  of  North  IJristol,  in 
(iiilHiird,  and  of  .Saybrook  second  chiireh.  Conn., 
died  in  ISj  I,  iiged  HO,  having  been  a  minister  30 
years.  He  was  the  son  of  Itev.  David  I'.ly,  the  son 
of  Itichard.or  N'(  rtli  Lyme.    He  graduated  at  Yalo 

ill  \'i'il.     He   had   a   s I»r.   Kirhard,   of  Snj 

brook,  whose  son,  Uev.  William,  of  ViTiioii  nn(i 
North  Mansfield,  died  at  Ivisthampton  Nov.  '2, 
IH,jO,  agv'd  O'J,  a  sucressl'ul  preacher,  and  an  ex- 
ample cf  liiieral  charit;,,  Uichard  I'.ly  publihbed 
a  sermon  at  the  ordihuJon  of  1).  lUy,  at  Itipton, 
1771. 

l",r,Y,  Zi;mi.0N,  died  ot  Lebanon,  Cinn„  Nov. 
IH,  iHL'l,  aged  M.  Morn  in  Lyme,  he  graduated 
in  1779,  a  distinguiNlied  cholar,  •  the  sanr 
year  he  fought  the  l)riti^ll  at  an  advanced  po:  . 
I)ut  lost  Ills  coat  and  Imt,  kVmI  to  escajie  an  n.  • 
'looked-for  scouting  party  with  his  life.  In  I'lR^i 
he  was  ordained.  In  a  few  of  hi'  Inst  years  ho 
suffered  from  the  jialsy.  Ho  o?.'>'  -.ud  to  Mr. 
Stone,  a  neighboring  minister,  re^  irdec  i.s  a  IIoj)- 
kinsian,  "  Your  system  runs  into  extremes."  Ho 
replied,  "  Well,  well ;  do  not  cut  Truth's  legs  ofT, 
let  her  run  where  she  will."  He  once  exchanged 
with  Mr.  Williams,  of  East  Hartford,  riding  thirty 
miles  in  a  storm,  to  jireach  to  a  dozen  people, 
much  to  his  grief.  Twenty  years  after  he  met 
with  a  ])ious  man,  who  asked  hiiu  if  he  remem- 
bered that  Sunday,  for  his  sermons,  he  said,  were 
the  means  of  his  conversion.  He  was  the  father 
of  Rev.  Dr.  K.  Stiles  Ely,  of  Phlladeljjbia. 

ELY,  H.vviD,  I).  1).,  minister  of  Huntington, 
Conn.,  was  born  in  Lyme,  in  1719  j  graduated  at 
Yale  college  in  17C'J  j  and  was  ordained  as  a  col- 
league ministei  '  •  1773.  For  nearly  thirty  years 
he  was  an  efK;  '■  i.'  Member  of  the  corporation  of 
Yale  college.  Ik-  died  Feb.  16,  1810,  aged  06. 
He  and  his  colleague,  who  was  settled  at  the  or- 
ganization of  ihe  church  in  1721,  preached  nearly 
a  century.  His  successor  was  Thomas  Punder- 
son.  V'ith  a  vivid  ftuicy  and  warm  heart,  he 
usually  preached  e.xtemjioraneously.  His  charac- 
ter was  described  by  his  friend,  Dr.  Dwight. — 
PanopUxt,  XII.  4S7-iw). 

ELY,  Zkbi'Lo.n,  minister  of  Lebanon,  Conn., 
died  in  1821,  aged  about  05.  He  was  graduated 
at  Yale  college  in  177i),  and  was  a  tutor  from  1781 
to  1782.  As  a  minister,  he  was  highly  respected, 
and  devoted  to  his  work.    For  a  lew  last  years 


338 


ELY. 


EMERSOX. 


his  powers  of  mind  fiiilod  liim.  His  memoirs 
were  written  by  his  son,  Dr.  E.  S.  Ely,  of  I'liila- 
dclphia.  He  pulilislied  a  sermon  at  the  election, 
1804;  at  the  ordination  of  S.  Uartlett,  ISOJj  on 
the  deatli  of  Governor  Trumbull,  ITHj,  and  of  his 
son,  also  governor,  ISO'J  ;  of  \Y.  Huntington's  wife, 
1799;  of  W.  Williams,  1H12;  before  the  county 
foreign  mission  society,  ISlii. 

ELY,  John,  minister  of  North  Pristol,  in  Mad- 
ison, Conn.,  died  in  1827,  by  a  fall  from  his  horse, 
nged  about  C2.  He  was  born  in  Lj^iie,  and  grad- 
uated at  Yale  in  17SG.  He  was  first  settled  in 
Danbury. 

ELY,  JfSTlx,  died  at  West  Springfield,  July 
24,  1850,  aged  78.  A  graduate  of  Harvard  in 
1792,  lie  spent  his  business  life  as  a  merchant. 
He  was  an  eminent  Christian,  kind,  social,  hospi- 
table. —  N.  Y.  Observer,  Sept.  7. 

ELY,  Eliiiu,  Dr.,  died  at  Binghamton.N.  Y., 
March  17,  18 ''l,  aged  70,  an  e.irly  settler  and 
prominent  citizen. 

ELY,  Hemax,  judge,  died  Feb.  2,  1852,  aged 
76,  at  Elyria,  in  Ohio,  a  town  named  after  him. 
He  was  an  early  settler  of  Ohio.  The  son  of 
Justin  Ely,  of  Springfield,  Mass.,  he  was  one  of 
the  firm  of  T.  and  II.  Ely,  of  New  York ;  and  had 
occasion  to  visit  foreign  countries. 

EMERSON,  Joseph,  the  first  minister  of  Men- 
don,  Mass.,  died  at  Concord  Jan.  3,  1080.  He 
■was  ordained  in  1607.  His  wife  was  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Rev.  E.  Bulkley. 

EMERSON,  John,  minister  of  Gloucester, 
Mass.,  died  in  1700,  aged  about  64.  He  was  the 
Bon  of  Thomas,  of  Ijjswich,  and  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1606,  and  was  ordained  in  1663. 
His  son  John,  a  graduate  of  1689,  and  minister  in 
Portsmouth,  died  in  1732,  aged  61. 

EMERSON,  JoiLN,  minister  of  Portsmouth, 
died  June  21,  1732,  aged  61.  Bom  hi  Ipswich, 
he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1689.  On  the  night 
of  the  murder  of  ^lajor  Waldron  by  the  Indians, 
he  was  invited  to  sleep  at  his  house,  but  declined. 
He  was  settled  at  Newcastle  in  1704  :  in  1708  he 
■  -went  to  England  and  resided  for  a  jjeriod  in  Lon- 
don. In  1715  he  was  installed  at  Portsmouth. 
Of  the  one  hundred  and  twenty-four  i)ersons  added 
to  his  cliurch  in  seventeen  years,  forty  were 
added  in  the  year  following  the  earthquake  of 
1727,  by  which  event  many  minds  were  awakened 
to  the  subject  of  religion.  He  was  an  agreeable 
companion  and  faithful  minister. 

EMERSON,  WiLLUM,  died  in  P.utland,  Vt., 
in  Oct.,  1776,  aged  33.  Graduated  at  .'harvard  in 
1761,  he  was  ordained  the  minister  of  Concord, 
the  successor  of  Mr.  Bliss,  in  1760.  His  patriotic 
and  Christian  zeal  induced  him  to  be  a  chaplain 
at  Ticonderoga  in  Aug.,  1776. 

EMERSON,  JosEi'ii,  minister  of  Maiden, 
Mass.,  the  son  of  Edward  E.,  and  the  grandson 
of  Rev.  Joseph  E.,  of  Mendon,    was  born   at 


j  Chelmsford  April  20,  1700;  was  graduated  at 
j  Harvard  college  in  1717  ;  and  ordained,  Oct.  31, 
I  1721.  Eor  nearly  half  a  century  he  continued 
j  bis  benevolent  labors  without  being  detained  from 
his  pulpit  but  two  Sabbaths.  He  died  suddenly, 
July  13,  1767,  aged  67.  His  wife  was  Mary, 
daughter  of  Itev.  S.  Moody,  of  York.  Jle  had 
nine  sons  and  four  daughters.  Three  of  his  sons 
were  ministers  :  Josejih,  of  Pe])perell ;  William, 
of  Concord ;  and  John,  of  Conway.  He  was 
])ious  in  early  life,  and  his  parents  witnessed  the 
effect  of  their  instruction  and  prayers.  As  a 
teacher  of  religion  to  his  fellow  men,  and  tlielr 
guide  to  heaven,  he  searclied  the  Scriptures  with 
great  diligence,  tliat  he  might  draw  his  doctrines 
from  the  jnire  fountains  of  truth.  In  the  various 
relations  which  he  sustained,  he  was  just,  amiable, 
kind,  and  benevolent.  One-tenth  of  his  income 
was  devoted  to  charitable  uses.  He,  at  stated 
times  every  day,  address-^J  himself  to  Heaven, 
and  never  engaged  in  any  important  affair  with- 
out first  seeking  the  Divine  blessing.  Such  was 
his  humility,  that,  when  unguarded  words  fell  from 
liis  lij)s,  lie  would  ask  forgiveness  of  his  children 
and  servants.  He  ])ublished  the  importance  and 
duty  of  a  timely  seeking  of  God,  1727  ;  meat  out 
of  the  eater  and  sweetness  out  of  the  strong, 
1735  ;  early  piety  encouraged,  1738  ;  at  the  ordi- 
nation of  his  son,  Joseph,  at  Groton,  now-  Pepper- 
ell,  1747.  — Funeral  Seniiov,  by  his  son. 

EMERSON,  I).VMKL,  first  minister  of  Hollis, 
N.  IL,  was  a  descendant  of  Josej)li  E.,  minister 
of  Mendon.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  col- 
lege in  1739;  was  ordained  April  20,  1743;  re- 
ceived EH  Smith  as  his  colleague  Nov.  27,  1793; 
and  died,  Sept.  30,  1801,  aged  85,  in  the  59tli  of 
his  ministry.  His  praise  was  in  all  the  churches. 
In  1743  there  were  only  thirty  families  in  the 
town.  During  his  ministry,  many  died  in  the 
faith  which  he  had  taught  them  ;  and,  at  the  time 
of  his  death,  tlie  church  consisted  of  about  two 
hundred  members.  Such  men,  the  successful 
teachers  of  morahty  and  religion,  of  whom  the 
world  knows  nothing,  arc  its  benefactors,  while  the 
men  of  fame  are  usually  the  scourges  of  the  earth. 
—  Massachusetts  Missionary  Mag.,  I.  57-59. 

EMERSON,  WiLMAJf,  minister  in  Boston, 
died  May  11,  1811,  aged  42.  He  was  the  grand- 
son of  Rev.  Joseph  E.,  of  Maiden,  and  the  son 
of  Rev.  Wm.  E.,  of  Concord,  who  died  a  chaplain 
in  the  army  in  1776.  He  was  born  May  6, 1769, 
and  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1789.  He 
became  first  the  minister  of  Harvard  in  1792 ; 
but,  in  Oct.,  1799,  he  was  installed  the  jiastor  of 
the  first  church  in  Boston.  In  the  year  1804  he 
engaged  in  the  labor  of  conducting  the  Monthly 
Anthology,  a  literary  journal,  which  opposed 
the  ortiiodox  Calvinistic  views  of  the  Chris- 
tian reUgion.  He  published  a  sermon,  jjreached 
July  4,  1794;  at  the  artillery  election,  1799;  be- 


EMERSON. 


EMMONS. 


339 


fore  a  cliaritablc  Rocioty,  ISOO  ;  at  the  ordination 
of  S.  Clark,  1800;  of  It.  Smiley,  1801;  of  T. 
Uccdo,  imW;  on  the  death  of]  )r.  Thacher,  1802; 
of  .Madame  Bowdoin,  1803;  of  C.  Austin,  180G; 
before  the  female  asylum,  180.5  ;  before  the  hu- 
mane society,  1807  ;  oration,  July  4,  1802  ;  four 
discourses  in  the  Christian  monitor,  numbered  1, 
2,  .3,  7  ;  a  collection  of  psalms  and  hymns,  1808. 
After  his  death,  there  was  i)ubUshed  his  sketch  of 
the  history  of  the  first  church  in  Boston,  with  two 
sermons  annexed,  8vo.,  1812.  —  2  IlintrnicalCol- 
leciidiiti,  I.  2o4-2J8. 

EMEUSON,  JoilN',  first  minisver  of  Conway, 
died  June  26, 1826,  aged  80.  A  graduate  of  Har- 
vard in  1764,  he  was  settled  in  1769;  he  used  to 
say,  he  was  "  John  jjreaching  in  the  wilderness." 
He  lived  to  see  his  flock  of  four  hundred  increased 
to  two  thousand.  He  admitted  080  to  his  church, 
buried  1,037,  and  baptized  1,219.  He  wrote 
3,000  sermons.  E.  Hitchcock  was  settled  as  his 
colleague  in  1821.  — //o//o)i(7,  II.  347. 

EMERSON,  JosKi'ii,  died  at  Wethersfield  in 
May,  1833,  aged  04.  A  graduate  of  Harvard  in 
1798,  he  was  a  tutor ;  then  settled  as  a  minister 
many  years  at  Beverly  ;  and  last  devoted  himself 
to  the  business  of  teaching  female  jHipils,  for 
whom  he  established  a  school  at  Wetliersfield. 
He  was  a  zealous  Christian,  and  an  excellent 
teacher.  His  life,  by  his  brother,  Prof.  Kalph 
Emerson,  was  jjublished  in  1834. 

EMERSON,  JosKi'ii,  Dr.,  died  in  Heath,  Mass., 
Aug.  13,  1841,  aged  60;  a  very  successful  and 
much  beloved  jjhysician. 

EMERSON,  Samuel,  M.  1).,  died  at  Kenne- 
bunk  Aug.  7,  1801,  aged  nearly  87.  A  graduate 
of  Harvard  in  1780,  he  was  a  surgeon  in  the 
Revolutionary  war,  and  long  an  able  jiractitioner. 

1:MERY,  John,  1).  1).,  bishop  of  the  Metho- 
dist church,  died  h>  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  Uee.  16, 
1830,  resjjccted  and  lamented.  In  riding,  he  was 
thrown  from  his  carriage,  and  his  skull  was 
fractured. 

EM.MET,  Thomas  Addis,  an  eminent  lawyer, 
died  in  New  York  Nov.  14,  1827,  aged  63.  He 
was  born  in  Cork,  Ireland,  in  1764,  the  son  of  a 
])hysician.  Educated  at  Trinity  college,  Dublin, 
he  studied  medicine  at  Edinburgh,  and  took  the 
degree  of  M.D.  in  1784.  His  thesis  was  pub- 
lished in  Smellie's  thesaurus.  At  this  time  he 
was  inclined  t-')  forensic  pursuits,  presiding  over 
five  debating  societies.  He  afterwards  made  the 
tour  of  Italy  and  Germany,  visiting  the  most  cele- 
brated schools  of  the  continent.  On  his  return 
to  Ireland,  the  death  of  his  brother,  Christopher 
Temi)le  Emmet,  a  lawyer  of  surpassing  talents, 
induced  him  to  engage  in  the  same  profession. 
After  studying  at  the  Temple  in  London  two 
years,  lie  was  admitted  to  the  Irish  bar  at  I  )ublin 
in  1791.  He  soon  rose  to  distinction,  and  was 
deemed  superior  in  legal  and  general  science  and 


in  talents  to  Curran.     M  this  ])eriod  the  events 
of  the   I'rench  revolution  awakened  in   the  o])- 
])ressed  Irish  the  ho])o  of  national  fiTed<mi.     The 
associiition  of  "  I'nited  Irishmen  "  was  constituted, 
embracing  both  Catholic",  and  I'rotestants,  bound 
together  l)y  a  secret  oath.     Eadi  society  was  lim- 
ited to  thirty-six  persons,  but  the  whole  kingdom 
was  organized  into  dejiartments,  and  at  the  head 
of  the  whole  was  a  committee,  of  which  Mr.  Em- 
met was  a  leading  member.     It  was  determined 
to  seek  aid  from  I'rance,  and  to  take  up  arms. 
May  23,  1798,  was  ajipoinled  for  the  general  ris- 
ing.    But  previously  to  that  time  a  traitor  dis- 
closed the  conspiracy,  and  Emmet  and  others  wcro 
arrested  and  thrown  into  ))rison.    The  rebellion, 
notwithstanding,  broke  out  on  the  fi.\ed  day;  but 
it  was  soon  crushed  before  the  arrival  of  Hum- 
bert and  his  French  army  of  twelve  hundred  men, 
which   surrendered   in  August.     An   agreement 
was  soon  made  by  the  government  with  the  State 
prisoners,  that  if  they  would  make  certain  dis- 
closures, not  imjjlicating  individuals,  they  should 
be  released.    The  disclosures  were  made ;  yet 
Mr.  Emmet  was  long  detained  in  prison.    After 
the  jieace  of  Amiens  he  was  set  free  and  conveyed 
to  I  lie  river  Elbe.    The  winter  of  1802  he  spent 
in  Brussels,  where  lie  saw  his  brother  about  to 
embark  in  the  enterprise  which  ended  in  his  ex- 
ecution.   From  France  Mr.  Emmet  proceeded  to 
New  York,  where  he  arrived  Nov.  11, 1804.    The 
death  of  Hamilton  had  left  an  opening  for  such  a 
man  in  the  bar;  he  was  soon  admitted  to  the 
supreme  court  of  the  State  and  of  the  United 
States,  and  stood  among  the  first  in  his  profession, 
lie  identified  himself  with  the  democratic  party. 
In  1812  he  was  appointed  attorney-general  of  the 
State.    As  an  advocate  he  was  unrivalled.    With 
a  prolific  fancy,  his  figures  were  bold ;  yet  was  he 
logical  and  i)rofound,  and  his  manner  was  most 
earnest  and  im])ressive.    He  was  incessant  in 
labor,  devoting  more  than  thirteen  hours  in  each 
day  to  study  and  business.     Of  course  he  mixed 
but  little  with  the  fashionable  world.    He  had 
often  amused  himself  with  mathematical  calcula- 
tions.   In  the  circuit  court  of  1827  he  was  en- 
gaged in    the    important  Astor  cause,  and  on 
Monday,  Nov.  12th,  rejilied  in  an  elaborate  argu- 
ment to  Webster  and  Van  Buren.   On  Wednesday, 
while  occupied  in  another  cause,  he  was  seized 
with  the  apojjlexy  in  court,  and  died  the  same 
day.     While  in  prison  in  Scotland  he  WTote  part 
of  an  essay  toward  the  history  of  Ireland,  which 
was  published  at  New  York  in  1807.  — American 
Annual  Rcijister,  1827-9,  139-149. 

EMMETT,  John  P.,  professor  of  chemistry  in 
the  university  of  Virginia,  died  at  New  Y'ork  Aug. 
13,  1842,  aged  47 ;  tiie  son  of  Thomas  Addis 
Emmett. 

EMMONS,  Nathaniel,  D.  D.,  minister  of 
Franklin,  Mass.,  died  Sept.  23,  1840,  aged  95 


340 


E^nIONs. 


years  and  five  months.  Ilis  father  was  Samuel 
K.,  of  Kast  Iliiddam,  Conn.;  liis  motlicr,  Kiith 
Cone.  Ho  ivas  graduated  at  Yale  college  in 
1707  ;  studied  theology  with  ])r.  Smalley,  and 
iml)il)ed  liis  doctrines  ;  was  licensed  to  j)reach  in 
1709,  and  ordained  over  the  second  church  of 
Wrentham,  now  Tranklin,  in  April,  17  "JJ.  The 
duties  of  a  ])astor  he  j)er(ormed  tifty-four  years, 
till  1827.  He  alsrt  instructed  many  students  in 
theology.  His  wife  and  her  two  children  died  in 
1778.  He  afterwards  married  a  daughter  of  llev. 
Chester  Williams,  of  lladley.  She  was  a  daugh- 
ter-in-law of  llev.  Samuel  Hopkins,  who,  when 
she  was  young,  married  her  widowed  mother. 
By  her  he  had  si.x  children,  of  whom  he  buried 
throe.  Ilev.  Elam  Smalley  was  settled  at  Frank- 
lin as  colleague  minister  in  1829. 

A  memoir  of  Dr.  E.  is  found  in  the  first  volume 
of  his  works,  published  in  1842.  First  there  is 
given  an  autobiograpliy ;  then  a  memoir  by  Dr. 
Jacob  Ide,  his  son-in-law ;  then  an  additional 
notice  by  Prof.  E.  A.  Park.  He  jirofessed  to  be 
warmly  attached  to  genuine  Calvinism ;  but  he 
thought  Calvinism  had  lost  much  of  its  original 
purity,  and  had  acquired  absurdities  wliich  must 
be  rejected  in  order  to  make  it  consistent  with 
reason  and  Scripture ;  and  among  these  "  wens  " 
to  be  pared  oB",  ho  reckoned  the  doctrines,  that 
the  sin  of  Adam  is  imputed  to  his  posterity  ;  that 
the  righteousness  of  Christ  is  imputed  to  be- 
lievers i  that  sinners  lie  under  a  natural  inability 
to  become  holy ;  and  that  Christ  made  atonement 
only  for  the  elect.  These  he  called  "  gross  ab- 
surdities." But  whether  so  or  not,  the  character 
of  Cahinism  must  be  determined  by  the  faith  of 
Calvin  himself,  and  not  by  what  may  be  deemed 
later  improvements,  and  a  supposed  right  view  of 
"the  essential  principles  of  pure  Christianity." 
His  editor  admits  that  he  differed  from  Calvin  in 
many  important  respects.  The  great  question  is, 
did  he  teach  the  great  fundamental  principles  of 
the  gospel,  and  did  he  spread  abroad  no  gross 
and  perilous  errors  ?  His  whole  long  life  was 
spent  in  his  study  in  unslaeked  industry,  in  un- 
wearied mental  toil.  He  studied  seventy  years  in 
one  room,  usually  ten  hours  a  day.  His  famous 
political  sermon,  called  liis  "  Jeroboam  sermon," 
was  preached  after  Mr.  Jefferson  became  i)res- 
ident,  from  the  text  relating  to  Jeml'oam,  the 
son  of  Nebat,  "who  made  Israel  to  sin." 

He  was  a  plain,  argumentative  preacher,  with 
no  oratorical  powers,  but  simple,  direct,  and  ear- 
nest in  his  address.  He  was  an  independent 
thinker,  but  some  of  his  sjjeculations  are  so  pe- 
culiar, and  so  revolting  to  the  general  Christian 
sentiment  of  our  country,  as  to  render  it  proper 
to  advert  to  them.  The  most  prominent  and  re- 
markable doctrine  which  he  advanced,  is  the  doc- 
trine that  God  is  the  producing  cause  of  every 
act  of  the  human  mind,  and  therefore  of  all 


EMMONS. 

wickedness  as  well  as  of  all  goodness.  It  may 
stem  incredible,  that  a  worthy  minister  in  a 
country  town  of  New  Kngland,  a  teacher  of  the- 
ology to  nearly  ninety  theological  students,  should 
inculcate  a  doctrine  so  abhorrent,  so  contradictory 
to  Scrijiture  j  and  therefore  it  may  be  expedient 
to  ([note  a  few  sentences  from  bis  own  writings. 
God,  he  says,  must  "  create  evil,  when,  and  where, 
and  to  what  degree  the  good  of  the  universe  re- 
quires, because  he  is  tlie  owner  and  rightful  sov- 
ereign of  the  universe." 

lie  includes  in  evil  moral  as  well  as  natural 
evil ;  that  is,  he  thus  makes  God  the  author  of 
sin.  "  God's  acting  on  their  hearts  and  producing 
all  their  free,  voluntary,  moral  exercises,  is  so  far 
from  preventing  them  from  being  moral  agents, 
that  it  necessarily  makes  them  moral  agents  " 
He  goes  so  far  as  to  assert,  that  they  who  deny 
tliis  "  universal  agency,"  in  the  production  of  sin 
as  well  as  holiness,  do  "  «rtually  deny  God's  ex- 
istence." Li  reference  to  the  origin  of  Adam's 
sin  he  says,  "  Satan  placed  certain  motives  before 
his  mind,  which,  by  a  certain  di\ine  energy,  took 
hold  of  his  heart  and  led  him  into  sin."  Thus  he 
ascribes  to  God  the  efficiency  in  the  ])roduction  of 
Adam's  sin,  to  which  the  devil  was  only  a  tempter. 
Satan  tempts  men  to  sin  j  God  produces  sin.  If 
this  is  not  blasphemy,  what  can  be  ?  There  is 
not  the  least  doubt  as  to  his  doctrine,  which  he 
has  much  more  fully  asserted.  He  makes  God 
the  efficient  cause,  the  actual  producer  of  every 
sinful  volition  in  his  creature ;  he  makes  God  the 
author  of  sin.  Is  not  God  then  responsible  for 
sin  ?  And  how  can  he  punish  man  for  sin  ?  Is 
not  he,  who  intelligently  and  voluntarily  performs 
an  act,  responsible  for  that  act  ?  The  man  who 
lays  a  living  child  upon  the  ground,  and  with  an 
axe  chops  off  its  head,  is  guilty  of  murder.  K 
God  creates  a  human  muid,  and  then  by  his  al- 
mighty and  irresistible  power  moves  that  mind  to 
sin  and  produces  sin,  God  is  the  author  of  sin. 
If  we  embrace  this  doctrine,  we  make  God  the 
author  of  sin,  which  the  Bible  ascribes  to  the 
devil.  We  give  to  the  infinitely  pure  and  holy 
Being  the  very  character  of  Satan.  But  Dr.  E. 
ascribes  to  God  holy  motives, —  his  own  glory  and 
the  highest  possible  good  of  the  universe, — 
whereas  the  Devil  is  influenced  by  the  contrary 
evil  motives;  yet  the  acts  and  effects  are  the 
same,  —  the  production  of  sin,  which  God  abhors. 
In  communicating  such  a  doctrine  to  the  world, 
by  what  argument  does  the  teacher  justify  him- 
self? He  teaches  that  all  freedom  consists  in 
volition  and  its  efl'ects,  and  not  in  its  cause.  The 
man  who  acts  voluntarily  —  whatever  may  cause 
his  volition  —  is  a  free,  voluntary  agent.  So 
that,  although  God  causes,  produces  his  sinful  ve- 
litions,  man  is  yet  a  perfectly  fi-ee  moral  agent. 
But  this  contradicts  the  teacliing  of  the  great 
body  of  ethical  and  theological  writers,  and  con- 


EMMOXS. 


ENDECOTT. 


341 


tradicta  the  ffoncral  consciousness  nnd  common 
sense  of  man.  It  is  deceptive  lanp;iiage  — "  wliat 
God  makes  free  must  lie  free."  Hut  man  is  not 
free,  if  his  volition  is  made,  created,  produced  by 
ahnij;hty  iiower. 

Dr.  Stephen  West,  in  his  hook  on  agency,  was 
the  first  teacher  in  tliis  country  of  this  doctrine, 
that  God  is  the  only  afjcnt,  the  producer  of  all 
the  volitions  of  his  creatures.  It  \va.s  doubtless 
to  his  book,  published  in  1772,  that  Dr.  Kmmons 
was  indebted  for  his  theory.  It  is  probable  that 
on  this  ])oint  there  are  now  in  the  Christian  world 
very  few  followers  of  these  bold  theorists.  Their 
doctrine,  which  was  the  doctrine  of  Ej)icurus, 
Gassendi,  Condillac,  Ilobbes,  nnd  Priestley,  may 
be  accejitable  to  infidels  and  universalists ;  but  it 
will  make  little  progress  with  intelligent,  ])ious 
readers  of  the  Uible,  who  can  easily  luiderstand, 
with  a  host  of  commentators,  that  when  God  is 
said  to  harden  Pharaoh's  heart,  the  meaning  is, 
not  a  producing  cfHciency,  but  a  j)rcdiction,  of  a 
certain  event  in  I'rovidencc,  that  he  would  harden 
his  own  heart,  as  it  is  afterwards  declared  that  he 
did.  And  it  may  be  added ;  let  it  V  ■  that  the 
origin  of  sin  is  a  mystery.  'Ihen  let  h  remain  a 
mystery,  and  not  be  attempted  to  be  cleared  u]) 
by  charging  it  blasphemously  upon  God.  But  if 
God  is  a  free  agent,  then  he  might  make  man  in 
liis  own  image  a  free  moral  c^ent,  whose  choice 
is  free,  and  is  not  caused,  produced,  made  by 
another.  Do  wc  not  all  know  intuitively,  by  com- 
mon sense,  by  reason  and  conscience,  that  we  are 
such  free  agents,  therefore  justly  accountable  to  a 
holy,  sin-hating  God  ?  Even  Berkeley,  though 
he  denied  the  existence  of  matter,  did  not  deny 
the  existence  of  created  minds,  having  wills  of 
their  own  and  volitions  not  ])roduced  by  another. 
He  says :  "  It  is  true,  I  have  denied  there  are  any 
other  agents  beside  spirits ;  but  this  is  very  con- 
sistent with  allowing  to  thinking,  rational  beings 
in  the  production  of  motions  the  use  of  limited 
jiowers,  ultimitely  indeed  derived  from  God,  but 
immediately  under  the  direction  of  their  own 
wills,  which  is  sufficient  to  entitle  them  to  all  the 
guilt  of  their  actions."  Our  innate  sense  of  jus- 
tice teaches  us,  that  if  God  creates,  produces  our 
wic'lvcd  affections,  volitions,  nnd  actions,  it  would 
be  injustice  in  him  to  punish  us  for  them,  or  to 
charge  upon  us  guilt. 

.\s  to  Emmons'  other  doctrines,  he  differed 
little  from  a  multitiule  of  Xew  England  theolo- 
gians. I  le  believed  that  Christ  came  from  heaven 
to  be  an  atoning  .sacrifice  for  sin,  a  substitute  for 
siiuuu's,  to  vindicate  God's  justice,  and  that  men 
are  justified  by  faith  in  him ;  that  men  are  active, 
not  ])assive,  in  regeneration  ;  that  men  are  not 
guilty  of  Adam's  sin,  but  that  their  hearts  are,  in 
conseipienee  of  his  sin,  totally  depraved;  that 
holiness  and  sin  consist  in  voluntary  exercises. 
As  to  the  success  of  liis  ministry,  during  fifty-four 


years  three  himdred  and  eight  were  added  to  ihe 
church,  less  than  six  a  year  on  an  average.     IIo 
was  one  of   the  founders  of  the  Massachusetts 
missionary  society,  and  was  its  first  ])resident  for 
twelve  years.     He  was  zealously  attached  to  the 
system  of  Congregatioiujlism,  maintaining  in  his 
"  platform  of  ecclesiastical  government,"  that  all 
ecclesiastical  power  is  vested  in  each  church.     He 
was  a  man  of  wit  and  quickness  of  retort.     Some 
anecdotes  are  the  following :     As  a  UniversaUst 
had  answered  one  of  his  sermons,  some  one  sug- 
gested to  him  the  ])lan  of  printing  the  sermon 
and  the  answer  in  one  pani])hlet ;  he  replied,  "  It 
is  against  the  laws  :  —  f hon  shalt  not  ])low  with 
an  ox  and  an  ass  together."    The  secret  of  pop- 
ular preaching,  he  said,  was  not  to  meddle  with 
the  hearers'  eonsciences  ;  also,  "  let  your  sermons 
be  without  btghuiing,  middle,  or  end."    He  said, 
"  let  yoiu'  elofjuf'uce  flow  from  jour  heart  to  your 
hands,  and   never  attumjjt  to  force  it  the  other 
way."    "  It  is  a  great  blessing  to  l)c  able  to  talk 
an   hour   al)()ut   nothing.     The   most    important 
requisites  for  an  extein])oraneous    preacher   are 
ignorance,  imi)udence,  anil  presum])tion."    When 
a  tij)])ler  asked  him  "  to  tell  what  he  was  to  un- 
derstand by  the  soul  of  man,"  he  rejjhed,  "  Xo, 
I  can't  tell  a  man  that  has  n't  got  any."    When  a 
minister  wrote  to  him  — "  I  have  read  your  sei'mon 
on  the  atonement  and  wept  over  it,"  he  imme- 
diately sent  back  this  answer  :  *'  I  have  read  your 
letter  and  laughed  at  it."    He  said  to  a  candidate, 
"  Your  sermon  was  too  much  like  Seekonk  jjlain, 
long  and  level."    He  asked  a  young  preacher, 
"Do  you  ever  mean   to  jiveach  another  sermon  ? 
You  've  preached  about  everything  this  morning." 
A\'hen  a  young  man  said,  "  I  hojjc  you  were  not 
wearied  with  the  length  of  my  sermon,"  he  re- 
plied,  "  Xo,   nor  with   the   dejilh   either."     He 
])ul)lislied  sixty  or  more  single  sermons  and  tracts. 
He    published    sermons    at  the  ordinations  of  E. 
Dudley,  C.  Chaddock,  E.  Smith,  ('.  Alexander, 
D.  Avery,  W.  Harris,  J.  Tufts,  ,T.   Emerson,  T. 
1  Williams,  E.  Whi])ple,  G.  Conant,  Z.  Whitmore, 
'  and  C.  P.n-k  ;  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  Wash- 
ington and  of  many  other  ])ersons;  on  receiving 
I  from   Dr.  Franklin   books   for   Franklin  library, 
t  1787  ;  election  sermon,  170S;  on  the  second  cen- 
j  tury  from  the  laiuling  at  Plymouth,  1820  ;  ser- 
1  mons,  8vo.,   1812  ;  collection  of  sermons,  8vo., 
18i;j;  sermons,   8vo.,   1815;    sermons,   3   vols., 
i  8vo.,  l.S2.'J.     His  works  were  published,  edited  by 
Dr.  Ide,  in  0  vols.,  Svo..   ]S4-2. —Mimoir  I're- 
fixeil  to  IVarLi ;  I'liiir/ninl  an  Co)>r/re(/aiional- 
'  isvi,  27(i ;   Jtcricir  of  E.'»  Theory. 
I      lOMOTT,  Jajii;.s,  died  at  Pougldicepsie  April  7, 
'  18j0,  aged  80;    a  distinguished  lawyer   at  Xew 
j  York,  and   a  member  of  Congress  from  1809  to 
;  18!;5.     He  was  judge  of  the  common  pleas  and 
of  the  circuit  court. 
I     ENDECOTT,  Joiix,  the  first  governor  of  Mas- 


342 


ENGLAND. 


|:i! 


sachuRPtts,  (lied  Marcli  M,  1005,  npcd  "'i.  lie 
was  lK)rii  in  Dnrfliester,  Kiifriaiid,  in  l.'jS!),  and 
married  a  relation  of  M.  C'rudoek,  the  (governor 
of  tlie  Massaciiusetts  eonipany  in  Kii;;land,  and 
l>rotlier-in-lau'  of  11.  l.udiow,  de])uty  governor. 
lie  was  Kent  to  tliis  country  liy  that  cnin])any  as 
their  agent,  to  carry  on  the  |)lantation  at  Xaujii- 
keag,  or  Salem,  and  arrived  We|)t.  (i,  10128.  It 
was  here  that  he  laid  tiie  foundation  of  the  first 
permanent  town  within  the  limits  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts ])atcnt.  lie  was  a  suitable  jiorson  to  b-' 
intrusted  with  the  care  of  a  new  settlement  ■  . 
the  wilderness,  for  he  was  bold,  undaunted,  so- 
ciai)le,  and  cheerful,  familiar,  or  austere  and  uis- 
tant,  as  occasion  required.  The  tompany.  in 
A])ril,  102!),  chose  him  the  governor  of  "  Lonuon's 
plantation  ;  "  but  in  August  it  was  determined  to 
transfer  the  charter  and  the  government  of  the 
colony  to  New  l'"ngland,  and  John  Winthrop,  who 
arrived  in  the  following  year,  was  ai)])ointed  gov- 
ernor. In  1030  Mr.  I'jidecott  was  sent  out  on 
an  expedition  against  tlie  Indians  on  Block  Island, 
and  in  the  I'equot  country.  He  continued  at 
Salem  till  104 1,  when  he  was  elected  governor  of 
Massachusetts,  and  removed  to  IJoston.  He  was 
also  governor  from  1049  to  10.j4,  cxcc])ting  in 
ICjO,  when  Mr.  Dudley  was  governor,  and  from 
ICijo  to  100 j.  He  was  succeeded  by  Bellhigham. 
lie  left  two  sons.  He  Avas  a  sincere  and  zealous 
Puritan,  rigid  in  his  prine'^les,  and  severe  in  the 
execution  of  the  laws  against  sectaries,  or  those 
who  differed  from  the  religion  of  Massachusetts. 
Two  Episcjjjalians,  who  accused  the  meinbcrs  of 
the  church  of  Salem  of  being  Se])aratists,  were 
sent  back  to  England  by  his  orders.  He  was  de- 
termined to  establish  a  reformed  and  a  i)ure 
church.  The  (iuakeis  and  the  Baptists  had  no 
occasion  to  remember  him  with  affection.  So 
opposed  was  he  to  everything  which  looked  like 
Popery,  that,  through  the  influence  of  linger 
Williams,  he  cut  out  the  cross  from  the  military 
standard.  He  insisted  at  Salem,  that  the  women 
should  wear  veils  at  church.  In  1049,  when  he 
was  governor,  he  entered  into  an  association  with 
the  other  magistrates  again.  .  long  hair.  As  the 
])ractiee  of  wearing  it,  "  after  the  manner  of  ruf- 
fians and  barbarous  Indians,  had  begun  to  invade 
New  England,"  they  declared  their  detestation  of 
the  custom,  "  as  a  thing  uncivil  and  uimianly, 
whereby  men  do  deform  themselves,  and  offend 
sober  and  modest  men,  and  ^.o  corrupt  good  man- 
ner.-i."  In  10j9,  during  hi.?  administration,  four 
Quakers  were  put  to  death  in  IJoston.  —  Xeal'K 
New  En(jlan(l,  i.  139,  304;  Ilulcliiiison,  I.  8-17, 
38,  23j  ;  Winthrop;  lllst.  Coil.  YI.  245,  201  ;  IX. 
6;  llulwus;  Morton,  HI,  188;  Mar/nalia,  U.  18; 
N.  E.  Ilistoriatl  Ji'efjister,  July,  1847. 

EXGLAXD,  John,  Catholic  bishoj)  of  North 
and  South  Carolina  and  Georgia,  died  at  Charles- 
ton April  11,  1842,  aged  55.     He  was  born  in 


EPHRAIM. 

!  Cork,  and,  heing  made  bishoji  by  flic  po])c,  nn-ivrfl 
j  at  Charleston  the  last  day  of  1820.  He  estab- 
I  lished  a  theological  sentiiuiry,  and  aided  in  the 
I  anti-duelling  society.  Iteturning  from  a  visit  to 
Itome,  he  contracted  on  the  voyage  the  dysentery, 
of  which  he  died.  His  works  were  ])ublished  in 
5  vols.,  Svo.,  1849.  —(>•/.  of  Anier.  Lit.  ii.  84. 
ENGLISH,  Gkouok  B.,  an  adventurer,  the  son 
of  Thomas  English,  of  Boston,  was  graduated  at 
Harvard  college  in  1807,  and  afterwards  for  a 
while  studied  theology.  He  then  became  an  offi- 
cer of  marine  in  the  navy.  Embracing,  as  is  said, 
Tslnmism,  he  entered  the  service  of  the  Pasha  of 
r.gypt,  and  accom])anied  an  exjiediiion  under  Ls- 
mael  to  U])per  Egy|)t.  He  died  at  "Washington  in 
Sept.,  1828,  aged  39.  He  ])ublished  Grounds  of 
Christianity  examined,  12mo.,  1813,  which  was 
answered  by  E.  Lhcrett  and  S.  Cary ;  letter  to 
Mr.  Cary  on  Ids  review ;  letter  to  Mr.  Chaniiing 
on  his  two  sermons  on  infidelity,  1813  ;  expedition 
to  Dongola  and  Sennaar,  8vo.,  1823. 

ENGLISH,  Philip,  a  wealthy  merchant  of 
Salem,  died  in  1734,  aged  84.  He  came  near  to 
being  a  victim  to  the  witchcraft  delusion  in  1092. 
Both  he  and  his  wife  were  accused  and  imprisoned, 
and  from  Salem  i)rison  were,  by  their  friends,  on 
some  pretence,  removed  to  Boston.  On  the  day 
before  that  ajijjointed  for  trial,  they,  being  under 
bail,  attended  j.mblic  worship,  and  heard  Mr. 
Moody  j)rcaeh  from  the  text,  "  If  they  persecute 
you  in  one  city,  flee  to  another,"  justifying  a 
flight  from  outrage  under  the  forms  of  justice. 
He  visited  them,  and  through  his  persuasion  they 
fled  at  midnight  to  New  York,  and  thus  perhajis 
saved  their  lives.  He  ever  acknowledged  his  ob- 
ligations to  the  manly  courage  of  Mr.  Moody. 

ENOS,  1{ogi:r,  lieut.-colonol,  accompanied  Ar- 
nold in  his  exjjedition  to  Quebec,  as  far  as  fifty 
miles  up  Dead  ri\er  in  JIaine,  when,  by  decision 
of  a  council  of  war,  he  returned  with  his  division 
in  consequence  of  the  want  of  jirovisions ;  and 
thus,  jierhaps,  the  whole  army  was  saved  from 
destruction.  —  Amcriran  Rememhranccr,  1770. 

EPENOWE,  an  Indian  of  Martha's  Vineyard, 
was  a  victim,  with  twenty-five  others,  to  the 
treachery  of  Ca])t.  Thomas  Hunt  in  IP  14,  who 
carried  them  to  !Malaga  with  the  purpose  of  sell- 
ing them  as  slaves.  This  villainy  was  retaliated. 
l';])eno\ve  was  taken  to  England,  and  tliere  con- 
trived a  method  of  regaining  his  native  laud. 
He  invented  the  story  of  a  mine  of  gold  at  Ca])a- 
])oick,  or  Capawoek,  now  JIarlhn's  Vineyard,  to 
which  he  was  conveyed  by  Cajjt.  Ilarley.  ^^'hcn 
twenty  canoes  were  around  the  shij),  he  plunged 
into  the  water,  and,  by  the  aid  of  his  friends  and 
their  Hight  of  arrows,  he  escaped.  I'lienowe,  in 
1019,  with  his  countrymen,  assaulted  Capt.  Der- 
men,  and  inflicted  many  wounds,  killing  several 
of  his  men. 
EPIIKAIM,  was  an  Indian  preacher  in  1098  at 


EPPES. 


EUSTIS. 


343 


Oaylioad.  Martha's  Vineyard.  With  Ahcl,  another 
jircaclicr,  hu  had  llic  cliarfji'  of  two  hundred  and 
sixty  souls  or  mori',  who  were  tauf,'lit  to  read. 
These  Indians  were  well  clot  lied.  They  had  a 
framed  nieetin-^-house.  At  the  same  time  Ja])het 
was  a  ])rcaclier  at  Chilmark  to  two  hundred  and 
tliirty-onc  Indians,  of  whom  sixty-four  were  in 
full  coniminiion ;  and  there  were  jireachers  at 
Tislnn-y  to  seventy-two  Indians ;  Job  Ilusscl 
])roached  at  I'dj^artown  to  one  hundred  and 
thirty-six,  and  there  were  yet  other  congregations 
on  the  Vineyard. 

EPPES,  Joii.N  W.,  died  near  llichmond  in 
Virginia  in  Sept.,  1823,  aged  'M.  ilis  wife,  Maria, 
the  daughter  of  Mr.  Jefferson,  died  at  Monti- 
cello  in  .\\m\,  1804.  He  was  appointed  senator 
of  the  United  States  in  1815,  but  he  resigned 
from  ill  health. 

ERVING,  AViLLiAir,  a  benefactor  of  Harvard 
college,  was  graduated  in  1703,  and  (piitted  the 
llritish  army,  in  which  he  was  an  ofKcer,  at  the 
commencement  of  the  American  Ilevolution.  He 
died  at  lloxbury  May  27,  1791,  aged  50,  bequeath- 
ing to  the  college,  in  which  he  was  educated, 
1000  pounds  toward  establishing  a  professor.sliip 
of  chemistry  and  materia  mcdica. 

EllVIXG,  Joiix,  a  merchant  of  Boston,  died 
Aug.  20, 1780,  aged  94.  He  came  from  Scotland. 
He  wa.s  twenty  years  a  member  of  the  council. 
IJcing  opposed  to  independence,  he  retired  from 
public  life  at  the  Ilevolution.  One  daughter  mar- 
ried Gov.  Bowdoin,  anotlier  Gov.  Scott,  of  Domin- 
ica, and  a  third  Duncan  Stewart,  who  was  collector 
of  New  London  before  the  Revolution. 

ERVING,  Shirley,  Dr.,  died  in  Boston  July 
8,  1813,  aged  34.  He  was  the  grandson  of  Gov. 
Shirley,  the  son  of  John  E.,  of  Boston.  He  set- 
tled as  a  physician  in  Portland,  and  was  highly 
esteemed.  In  declining  health  he  removed  to 
Boston.  —  American  Quarterly  Register,  1840. 

ERVING,  Geouge  AV.,  consul,  "died  in  New 
York  in  July,  18o0.  A  native  of  Boston,  the 
son  of  George  E.,  a  loyalist,  he  was  educated  at 
Oxford.  Mr.  Jefferson  apj)ointed  him  consul  to 
London ;  thence  he  was  sent  to  Denmark  and 
Berlin,  and  then  ambassador  to  Madrid. 

ESCARBOT,  Marc  L',  ])ublished  Nova  Fran- 
cla,  or  an  account  of  New  France,  as  described  in 
late  voyages  into  the  countries  called  by  the 
Frenchmen  La  Cadie,  4to.,  London,  1004 ;  trans- 
lated from  the  French  edition  of  1012 ;  tlie  same 
in  Purchas  and  Churchill. 

ESTAING,  CiiAiiLEs  H.,  ceunt  de,  commanded 
the  French  fleet  sent  to  our  aid  in  the  Revolution- 
ary war.  He  made  an  unsuccessful  assault  on 
Savannah  Oct.  9,  1779,  when  Pulaski  was  mortally 
wounded.  He  afterwards  captured  Grenada. 
Being  one  of  the  assembly  of  notables  in  France, 
and  incurring  the  suspicion  of  tlie  dominant  fac- 
tion, he  was  guillotined  at  Paris  April  29,  1793. 


ESTABROOK,  Josi-rn,  minister  of  Concord, 
Mass.,  died  in  1711.  aged  ai)out  OS.  Born  in 
Enfield,  Middlesex,  England,  he  came  to  this 
country  in  1000,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1004.  He  was  ordained  colleague  with  Mr. 
Bulkley  in  1007.  His  son  Benjamin,  first  minis- 
ter of  Lexington,  a  graduate  of  1090,  died  in 
1()97,  leaving  a  widow  .-Vbigail,  duugli!  -"•  of  Rev. 
S.  Willard.  His  son  Samuel,  minister  of  Canter- 
bury, Conn.,  a  graduate  of  Harvard  of  1096, 
ordained  1711,  died  in  1727,  aged  02. 

ESTABROOK,  Joskpii,  minister  of  Athol, 
Mass.,  died  May  18,  1830,  aged  71.  A  descend- 
ant of  Rev.  Josej)h  E.  of  Concord,  he  was  born  in 
Lexington,  and  he  fought  in  the  battle  of  Lex- 
ington. He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1782. 
In  1787  he  was  ordained. 

ESTEN,  Joseph,  died  in  Burrillville,  R.I.,  Sept. 
20,  1801,  aged  99  years  and  !»  months.  His 
brother  Jolin,of   B.,  died  Sept.  1,  1801,  aged  90. 

EUSTACE,  John  Skicy,  a  brave  ofKccr  in  the 
American  war,  died  at  Newburgh  Aug.  20,  1805, 
aged  45.  Ho  entered  into  the  service  of  his 
country  not  long  after  the  commencement  of  the 
Revolution,  and  continued  one  of  her  active  de- 
fenders till  the  conclusion  of  the  contest.  He 
served  for  some  time  as  aid-de-camj)  to  General 
Lee,  and  afterwards  as  an  aid-de-camp  to  General 
Greene.  AVhen  the  war  was  ended,  he  retired  to 
Georgia,  and  was  there  admitted  to  the  bar,  as  an 
advocate.  In  that  State  ho  received  the  ajjpoint- 
ment  of  adjutant-general.  In  the  year  1794,  as 
he  was  fond  of  military  life,  he  went  to  France, 
and  there  received  the  appointment  of  a  briga- 
dier-general, and  was  afterwards  j)romoted  and 
made  a  major-general.  In  that  capacity  he  served 
the  I'^rench  nation  for  some  I  ime.  He  commanded 
in  1797  a  division  of  the  French  army  in  Flan- 
ders. In  1800  he  returned  again  to  his  native 
country,  and  resided  in  Orange  county.  New  York, 
where  he  led  a  retired,  studious  life  till  his  death. 
He  devoted  to  literature  all  the  time  which  the 
state  of  his  health  would  permit.  —  New  York 
Spectator,  Sept.  4,  1800. 

I'X'STIS,  AnRAHAJi,  brigadier-general,  died  at 
Portland  Jan.  27,  1843,  aged  57.  He  studied 
law,  but  early  entered  the  army,  and  served  hon- 
orably thirty-five  years. 

EUSTIS,  WH.LIAM,  M.  D.,  governor  of  Massa- 
saehusetts,  died  in  Boston  Feb.  0,  1825,  aged  71. 
He  was  the  son  of  Benjamin  Eustis  and  was  born 
at  Cambridge  June  10,  1703.  After  graduating 
at  Harvard  college  in  1772,  he  studied  jihysic 
with  Dr.  Joseph  Warren.  At  the  beginning  of 
the  war  he  was  appointed  surgeon  of  a  regiment, 
and  afterwards  hospital  surgeon.  In  1777  and 
during  most  of  the  war  he  occupied  as  a  hospital 
the  spacious  house  of  Col.  Robinson,  a  royalist, 
on  the  east  side  of  the  Hudson,  opposite  to  West 
Point.    In  the  same  house  Arnold  had  his  head- 


84  J 


EVANS, 


FAAIITS, 


m 


quarters.  At  tli!'  tcrtninati m  of  iho  war  lip  con  - 
nipiiccil  tlic  pr.K  lice  of  liis  jjrofi'.sitj.i  in  Jlwsion. 
Ill  lMi)(»  lie  wns  L'lcftod  a  mt'iiil)cr  of  congress. 
]Jy  Mr.  Madison  in  IHO!)  he  wns  ajijiointod  secre- 
tary of  Wiir,  and  euntiinicd  iii  llice  ni'tii  in  the 
late  war  tiie  army  of  Hull  was  stirrendo'ed,  when 
lie  resi<i;ned.  In  IKl.)  lie  was  sent  anilmssudor  to 
Holland.  After  Iiis  return  he  was  a  inenii)er  of 
con<,'ress  in  lHL'l,andl  lour  suf'(ssivc  sessions. 
After  the  resifjuation  of  Gov.  Jtrooks,  he  was 
cl  osen  governor  in  ISJ.'J,  and  died  after  a  short 
illness.  His  wife,  who  sui  vived  him,  was  Caroline, 
the  dauf,'liter  of  Woodbury  T,angdou  ■  i'  Xuw 
Hani])slure.  IJy  his  direction  he  was  buried  b) 
the  side  of  his  mother.  His  successor  was  Levi 
Lincoln.  —  llnlmcK,  ii.  wlj;   Tliuvher. 

EVANS,  NATiiA.Mia.,  a  minister  in  New  Jersey, 
and  a  jwet,  was  born  in  I'liilaueljihia  June  s, 
1742,  and  H;r:  graduated  at  the  college  in  that 
city  in  l"(!j,  lii.viiig  gained  a  high  re])utation  for 
his  genius.  lie  iiumediately  al'terwai''! <  einhinked 
for  En  'land,  :.  ji'ommended  to  the  hocicly  for 
]n'0])agai in,'  ♦^hc  gcspel,  and  wiis  ordained  Ih'  the 
bishop  ol  Loudon,  jle  ani''d  at  l'hiladeij)hia 
on  his  return,  Dec.  2(J,  170..  tiul  e.ilorcd  soon 
upon  the  business  of  his  miivsion  at  C'lHicesti,;' 
oounfy  ill  New  Jor-,ey.  His  kcil'^viti  of  labor  was 
short,  for  it  jjleased  God  to  remove  i)'.j  from  tliis 
present  life  Oct.  2!»,  17G7.  aged  i'o.  \\n  wa.s 
renarkabl '  for  the  e\cel!t;n(,e  i)f  his  temper,  the 
correctness  o;  his  morals,  and  the  soundness  of 
his  doctrines.  He  published  a  short  account  of 
T.  Godfrey,  ])re(ix€d  to  Godfrey's  ])oems,  and  an 
elegy  to  his  memory  After  his  death  a  selection 
v:if  his  writings  was  pul)lishcd,  entitled,  poems  on 
fci;',  (-ral  occasions,  with  some  other  com])ositions, 
1772.  Aiine.\ed  to  this  volume  is  one  of  his  ser- 
mons. —  Amen'caH  Museum,  \'H.  406;  I're/'acc  to 
the  aboir  I'ueinn. 

EVAN-  Lewis,  eminent  for  his  acquaintance 
■with  Amenciiii  geograjihy,  was  a  .surveyor  in  I'enn- 
sylvania,  and  died  in  June,  17o().  He  made  many 
journeys  into  the  neighboring  colonies,  and  had 
been  i'requently  emj)l()yed  in  surveying  lands, 
purchased  of  the  natives.  He  had  collected  a 
great  store  of  materials  from  other  sources. 
From  these  he  compiled  a  map  of  the  middle 
colonics,  and  of  the  adjacent  country  of  the  Lidi- 
ans,  lying  northward  and  westward.  The  first 
edition  of  it  was  published  in  174!(,  and  a  second 
ill  ll'h't,  acconiiKuiied  with  an  exjilaiiatory  pam- 
phlet. Some  expressions,  countenancing  the  title, 
of  France  to  fort  Frontenac,  brought  him  into  a 
controversy  with  a  writer  in  Gaines'  New  York 
Mercury  in  I'oCi.  Li  the  course  of  the  same  year 
he  wrote  a  full  and  claliorate  rejily  to  this  and 
other  charges  against  him,  and  caused  the  ])am- 
phlet  to  be  published  in  London.  They  were  both 
offered  to  the  public  under  the  title  of  geographi- 


cal, historical,  ])oliiical,  ])liiloso])hicaI,  and  mcelian- 
i.al  essays  J  Nos.  Land  '2.  The  first  edition  of 
'his  maj)  was  chiefly  limited  to  New  York,  New 
.'erscy,  and  J)elaware;  the  second  was  much 
enlarged,  being  made  a  general  nia))  of  the  mid- 
dle Itrilish  colonies,  Virginia,  Marvland,  Delaware, 
Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey,  New  York,  Connccli- 
cut,  ii-.A  Ithode  Island,  and  the  country  of  thi; 
confederate  Indians.  It  was  inscribi'l  to  Mr. 
i'ownall,  in  consideration,  as  a  writ'.'r  if  that 
period  asserts,  of  being  promised  \>y  hi  ■;  'lie 
office  of  surveyor-general  of  New  Jtrey,  uiid  to 
jrratify  whom  ho  jmblishei!  also  in  i^'i'tn  pa.u- 
plilet  agaiiii  t  Gov.  .Shirlev.  He  hcl  iu:'<'0  to  ('.'.c 
cabal  in  favor  of  AS'.  John,-:r-n.  Ho  w;i«  impris- 
oned for  a  UIk'I  .m  Gov.  Mo'-r's.  Aftt.■^  ards  in 
177(5,  on  the  brtai  tug  out  of  the  war  between 
Greiit  I'/ritain  and  ).:  r  colonics,  Sh:  I'ownall  hiin- 
s,.lf  gave  a  new  edition  of  Evans'  man,  nitl  large 
nddi'iions,  entitled  a  map  <■''  the  B'.I.ish  colonies 
in  Nortl  America.  1?  cor>ii)reik'adt'd  all  New 
England  and  the  bordering  jiart.-  of  ''"anudii 

I'^VANS,  LsiiAioL,  ministr  ■  of  f'jiicord.  '^^  II., 
died  March  9,  1807,  aged  5!.'.  He  was  of  ^^  -Ish 
d.sceiii,  liorn  in  Penn.sylvania,  where  his  father 
u.d  grandfather  were  ministers.  He  graduated 
j  at  Princeton  college  in  1772,  in  a  :,lass  of  twenty- 
I  two,  of  whom  fifteen  were  ministers.  Being 
ordained  in  177G  at  Philadelphia  iis  acha])lain,  he 
served  during  the  war  in  the  X'  w  Hampshire 
brigade.  He  accompanied  Sulliviui  against  the 
Indians ;  and  was  at  the  captu;-  •  of  Unrgoync 
and  surrender  of  Cornwallis.  July  1,  1789,  ho 
was  installed  as  the  successor  of  Mr.  Walker  at 
Concord ;  but  was  dismissed  at  his  i  cquest  July 
1797.  His  feelings  and  habits,  brought  from  the 
army,  were  not  adajited  to  make  him  useful  as  a 
minister.  Humility  was  no  trait  in  his  character. 
His  patriotic  sermons  during  the  war  VNere  accep- 
table to  the  army;  he  published  a  sermon  alter 
the  Indian  expedition ;  oration  on  the  death  of 
Gen.  I'oor,  1780  ;  on  the  surrender  of  the  British 
army  at  Y'ork  ;  on  the  thanksgiving  for  indepen- 
dence, Dec.  11,  1783;  at  the  election,  1791. — 
tioutoii's  CeutcH.  Disc.  33;  Moore's  Ann.  Con- 
cord, 03. 

EVANS,  Oliver,  a  mechanic,  was  a  descend- 
ant of  Evan  Evans,  D.  D.,  the  first  Episcopal 
minister  of  Philadelphia,  who  died  in  1728.  He 
made  various  imi)rovement*-  in  the  arts.  His  iron 
foundry,  steam  factory,  and  steam-mill  were  lo- 
cated at  I'hiladelphia.  lie  died  at  New  Y'ork 
Ajiril  15, 1819,  nge^^04.  He  ])ublislied  the  young 
engineer's  guide,  180o;  miller's  and  millwright's 
guide,  twenty-five  plates,  1807;  first  edit.  179o. 

EVANS,  CAinvALi  ADER,  Dr.,  died  at  Philadel- 
phia in  1773,  aged  61.  He  was  born  in  Philadel- 
jihia,  of  Welch  descent,  and  studied  under  Dr. 
Bond  and  in  Edinburgh.     lie  was  long  a  physi- 


l« 


KVART8. 


KVE. 


845 


cian  of  the  hoRi)ital.  —  Thaclier'a  Medical  Ding- 
rapliii. 

KVAXS,  John,  coloiu'l,  dii'd  near  Monongalia, 
Va.,  ill  INIi"),  afj;i'(l  !)".  IFc  commanded  a  i'e};i- 
nieiit  in  the  war  of  the  Itcvohition,  nnd  was  a 
member  of  tlie  convention  to  form  a  constitution 
for  Viri,'inia. 

I'A'.WS,  Morris,  died  at  Kalcigh,  X.  C,  Aiij,'. 
2,5,  IS;j|,  !i>;ed  l(),j. 

EVAU'I'S,  Jr.iiKMiAU,  secretary  of  the  Ameri- 
can hoard  of  commissioners  for  foreign  missions, 
died  in  t'liarleston.Sonth  Carolina,  May  10,  1n;)1. 
aged  oO.  Ho  was  ])rohaMy  n  descendant  of  John 
Kvarts,  who  lived  in  Ciuilford,  Conn.,  in  lOijO, 
and  was  born  in  Hunderhind,  Vermont,  Feb.  .'i, 
ITiSl.  In  a  few  years  his  ])arents  removed  to  the 
town  of  Georgia  in  the  northern  part  of  Vermont. 
In  nOShe  was  ])laccd  imder  the  instruction  of 
Uev.  John  Eliot  of  K.  Guilford,  and  was  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  college  in  1802.  During  a  revival 
of  religion  in  the  college  in  the  heginnhig  of  this 
year,  ho  cherished  the  hope,  that  his  soul  was 
renewed  by  the  Spirit  of  God,  and  became  a 
member  of  the  college  churcli.  From  180;}  to 
IHOt  he  was  the  instructor  of  the  academy  iit 
I'eucham,  and  afterwards  studied  law  with  Judge 
Chauncy  of  New  Haven,  in  which  city  he  com- 
menced trie  practice  of  the  law  in  July,  1806.  In 
May,  1810,  ho  removed  to  Charlestowni,  near  lios- 
ton,  in  order  to  edit  the  Taiiojilist,  a  religious 
and  literary  monthly  pid)lication,  which  had  been 
conducted  by  Ih-.  Morse  and  others  four  or  five 
years;  and  ho  superintended  that  work,  writing 
for  it  a  large  proportion  of  the  original  articles, 
till  the  close  of  1820,  when  it  was  discontimied, 
r.nd  the  Missionary  Herald  was  ])ublished  in  its 
stead,  under  the  authority  of  the  American  Hoard. 
This  work  was  also  committed  to  him.  He  had 
been  chosen  treasurer  of  the  Board  in  1H12  and 
the  next  year  one  of  the  prudential  committee. 
He  served  as  treasurer  till  1S22.  In  1821  he 
succeeded  Dr.  Worcester  as  corresijonding  secre- 
tary, in  which  office  he  continued  nearly  ten 
years  till  his  death.  Thus  he  toiled  ten  years  as 
the  editor  of  the  I'anoplist,  ten  years  as  the  treas- 
urer of  the  Hoard  of  missions,  and  ten  years  as 
corresjjonding  secretary.  In  feeble  health  he 
took  a  voyage  to  the  island  of  Culvi  in  Feb.,  1831, 
and  then?e  in  April  to  C'liarleston,  vshere  in  the 
house  of  I'ev.  Dr.  Palmer  he  died.  Ho  left  sev- 
eral children  :  his  widow,  Mehitahle,  the  daughter 
of  Itoger  Sherman  of  New  Haven,  dietl  in  18 Jl. 
While  .Mr.  I'^varts  was  on  his  voyagu  to  Cuba, 
fully  aware  of  the  imcertain  continuance  of  his 
life,  he  wrote  as  follows ;  ••  Here,  in  this  sea,  1 
consecrate  myself  to  G<xl  as  my  chief  good :  to 
him,  as  my  hoyivenly  Fiwher,  infinitely  kind  and 
tender  of  his  children  ;  to  him,  as  my  kind  and 
merciful  Redeemer,  l\\  whose  blood  and  merits 
44 


nionr  I  do  hojie  for  salvafiim  ;  to  him,  as  the  be- 
nelieent  renewer  and  sanctitier  of  the  saved.     I 
implore  the  forgiveness  of  my  nimierous  and  ag- 
gravated  transgressions;    and    I   ask,   that    my 
remaining  time  and  strength  may  bo  emjjloyed 
lor  the  glory  of  God,  my  jiortiou,  and  for  tho 
good  of  his  creattu'es,"     In    liis  last  hours  his 
ho])e  of  forgiveness  and  salvation  was  undimin- 
ished and  tuishaken.     ][e  said,  "  I  wish  in  these 
dying  words  to  recognize  the  great  Hedeemer  as 
the  Saviour  from  sin  and  iiell.     And  I  recognize 
the  Great  Sjjirlt  of  God  as  the  renovator  of  (iod's 
elect."  AVlien  il  was  said  to  him,  "You  will  soon 
see  Jesus ; "  he  exclaimed,  "  Wonderful,  wonder- 
lul,  wonderful  glory  !    We  cannot  tniderstand  — 
wo   cannot   comprehend — wonderful    glory!     I 
will  praise,  I  will  j)raise  him  I  Jesus  reigns."  This 
was  no  feverish  excitement,  nor  dream  of  enthu- 
siasm ;  but  the  vi.sion  of  a  dying  believer.     Mr. 
Kvarts'  character  has  been  delineated  in   printed 
discourses  by  Dr.  Woods  and  Dr.  S]>ring.     In 
the  management  of  the  iini)ortant  interests,  with 
which  he  was  intrusted,  he  manifested  a  scrupu- 
lous integrity.     He  combined  with  a  sound  judg- 
nu'M'   the  ardor  re(piisite  for  the  accomplishment 
of  great  designs.    His  piety  and  extensive  knowl- 
edge of  theology  and  his  accordance  with  the 
settled  orthodoxy  of  New  England  secured  to  him 
the  confidence  of  the  churches  in  a  degree  seldom 
obtained  by  one,  not  esj)ecially  trained  for  the 
ministry  of  the  gospel.     Free  from  self-sufficiency 
and  jiride,  ho  sought  the  counsel  of  his  associates; 
and  especially  he  with  habitual  devotion  sought 
the   guidance   and   blessing   of   God.      Though 
humble,  he  was  yet  resolute  and  determined  and 
persevering.     Having  enlarged  views  and  a  vig- 
orous mind,  he  was  not  disheartened  by  difficul- 
ties and  o])position.    Feeble  in  health,  with  a  thin, 
slender  frame,  and  destitute  of  oratorical  action, 
he  yet  in  his  jmblic  addresses  arrested  attention 
and   jiroduced   effect,  for  his  conceptions  were 
clear  and  his  language  perspicuous  and  forcible. 
His  industry  was  untiring.     15esides  his  'a!)ors  in 
editing  the  Fanoplist,  he  wrote  the   ten  annual 
reports   of   the   American  Hoard  from    1821  to 
1830,  the  last  of  which  contains  a  most  weighty 
and  valuable  discussion  on  the  future  growth  of 
this  country  and  the  means  of  preserving  il  from 
ruin.     His  essays,  twenty-four  in  number,  on  the 
rights  and  claims  of  the  Indians,  under  the  signa- 
ture of  William  IViin,  were  ))ublislied  in    1829; 
and  he  subsequently  wrote  various  other  pieces  on 
the  same  subject,  one  of  which  is  an  article  in  the 
North  American  lleview.     He  edited  the  volume 
of  speeches  on  the  Indian  bill  and  wrote  the  intro- 
duction.—  Woods  and  Sprmy's  Sermons;  Miss. 
Herald,  {hi.  Nov.  1831. 

E\  1'^,  Adam,  died  in   I'ennsylvania   Oct.  27, 
1821,  aged  104. 


846 


EVKIIEST, 


EVEREST,  Solomon,  o  i)Iiysician,  died  nt 
Canton,  Conn.,  in  July,  IS'J'i.  lie  I)eqtientlie(l 
10,000  dolliirs  to  religious  and  niiHsionury  j)ur- 

POHCS. 

EVERK'rr,  ()MVi:it,  minister  in  IJoston,  died 
at  ])orcliester  Nov.  10,  \W>,  n;,'ed  l!>.  lie  was 
graduated  ot  Harvard  rollef,'e  in  1770,  and  was 
ordained  jmstor  of  tlic  cluncii  in  Summer  street, 
as  successor  of  Mr.  Howe,  Jan.  H,  17H2.  After 
a  ministry  of  ten  years,  and  after  imviiif^  acijuired 
a  liigh  reputation  for  tlie  exlraordinnry  |iowers  of 
his  mind,  the  state  of  liis  lioaltli  induced  liim  to 
ask  a  dismission  from  liis  iieo])le  in  1792.  lie 
was  succeeded  in  1791  by  Mr.  Kirkland.  After- 
wards he  was  a])])ointed  a  jud^e  of  tlie  court  of 
common  ])leas  for  tiio  county  of  Norfolk.  He 
was  tlie  father  of  Alex.  H.  iiiul  l'',ihvnrd  I'-verett. 

EVE]l!']TT,])A VII),  editor  of  the  lloston  Pat- 
riot, died  Dec.  2\,  ISKJ,  aj^ed  44.  He  was  born 
at  Princeton,  Mass.,  ond  ^nuhiated  at  Dartmouth 
Ciillef^o  in  179j,  and  engaged  in  the  ])r(ifessiiin  of 
the  law  in  Loston.  In  IKOO  he  commenced  the 
Patriot,  in  which  John  Adams  in  a  series  of  let- 
ters gave  a  history  of  his  jiolitical  career.  In 
1811  lie  was  a])]iointcd  register  of  j)rol)atc  j  but  a 
revolution  in  iiolilies  dejirived  liiin  of  his  oflice. 
In  Sept.,  1812,  he  commenced  tlie  Pilot,  a  jiaper 
devoted  to  Do  Witt  Clinton.  Ilenioving  soon  to 
Marietta  to  edit  a  paper,  ho  died  there.  He 
iniblishod  common  sense  in  dishabille,  or  the 
farmer's  monitor,  1799;  Daranzel,  a  tragedy, 
1800  i  essay  on  the  rights  and  duties  of  nations  j 
three  orations  and  addresses  j  Junius  Amcricanus 
in  Boston  Gazette  in  defence  of  J.  Adams. — 
Specimens  American  Poctnj,  ii.  113. 

EVERETT,  .AlosKH,  minister  of  Dorchester, 
died  March  2,'),  1813,  ngcd  G2.  Born  in  Dcd- 
hani,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1771,  and  in 
1774  was  ordained  the  minister  of  Dedham,  in 
which  office  he  continued  eighteen  years  till  1792. 
He  was  o[)pointed  in  1808  a  judge  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas  in  the  place  of  his  brother  Oliver. 
He  published  a  sermon  to  young  men,  1778;  ■  le 
at  the  ordination  of  his  brother. 

EVERE'lT,  Noble,  minister  of  Warcham, 
Mass.,  died  Dec,  30,  1819,  aged  72,  hi  the  38th 
year  of  his  ministry.  Born  in  Woodbury,  Conn., 
lie  graduated  ot  Ynlo  in  177o.  lie  was  a  labori- 
ous, faithfiil,  successful  pastor.  In  revivals  he 
Avas  unwearied  in  his  toils.  His  predecessors 
wore  R.  Thacher  and  J.  Cotton. 

EVERETT,  ALiiX^iXDER  II.,  died  at  Canton, 
China,  June  28,  1847,  aged  u7.  He  was  the  sou 
of  Rev.  Oliver  E.,  and  graduated  in  1806.  After 
being  a  teacher  in  Exeter  academy,  lie  went  to 
Russia  with  ^Ir.  Adams  as  secretary  of  legation, 
by  whom  he  \vas  ajipoiiited  minister  to  Spain 
in  IPiJ.  After  his  return  lie  was  the  editor  of 
the  North  American  Review.  Connecting  him- 
self with  the  democratic  party,  Mr.  Polk  sent  him 


EWING. 

as  commiHsioner  to  China.  He  published  Eurojie, 
1822;  America,  1827;  oration,  1830;  uddiess  to 
horticultural  society,  1833. 

EVl'.KETT,  HoiacK.LL.  I).,  died  ut  Windsor, 
Vt.,  Jan.  30,  IH.jI,  aged  72.  He  was  a  member 
of  congress  fourteen  years  from  1H29  to  1M3, 
and  honorably  distinguished  himself  l)y  his  zeal 
to  do  justice  to  the  Indians. 

EVERETT,  Si;kai'iii\.\  Sarah,  wife  of  Joel  S. 
Everett,  missionary  at  Constantinojile,  died  in 
great  jieace  Dec.  27,  1804  ;  she  said,  "  I  wish  id 
be  near  and  like  Jesus."  She  had  the  cliorge  of 
the  fein;ilc  boarding  school  of  lhirty-fiv('  pujiils ; 
ond  was  one  of  the  most  aceoniiilished  of  ilic 
ladies  in  the  eastern  mission.  The  hymn,  "  Ash'c]) 
in  Jesus,"  was  sung,  when  she  was  dying ;  her 
husband,  when  d)iiig,  wns  asked  by  those 
around  his  bed,  what  they  should  sing,  and  he 
replied,  "  Asleep  in  Jesus." 

I'A'MRETT,  JoKL  S.,  a  missionary,  died  at 
llebek,  lU'nr  Constantinople,  Moreh  7, 1850,  aged 
42.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Amherst  colhgc  in 
1840.  To  Dr.  Hamlin  he  said,  that  for  a  year 
j)ast  he  had  "a  strong  desire  to  dc])art  to  the 
blessed  coinjiany  on  high ;  also,  we  hove  travelled 
together  for  eleven  years,  and  now  wv  must  jiart 
for  a  little  time.  Get  many  souls  to  Christ.  O, 
glorious  God!  O,  glorious  Redeemer!  O, 
blessed  comjiany!  and  I  am  going  to  join  it!" 
He  was  on  excellent,  faithful  missionary.  He  had 
the  charge  of  the  boarding  school  for  girls,  and 
of  the  colporteur  and  Bible  distribution  work.  He 
left  four  children. 

EWING,  John,  D.  D.,  minister  in  Philodel- 
])hia,  and  provost  of  the  college  in  that  city,  died 
Sept.  8,  1802,  aged  70.  He  was  born  in  East 
Nottingham,  Md.,  June  22,  1732.  His  chis.^ii  ;il 
studies  were  begun  under  Dr.  Allison,  with 
whom,  after  finishing  the  usual  studies,  he  re- 
mained three  years  as  a  tutor.  He  was  gradu- 
ated at  Princeton  college,  1702,  and  afterward 
accejited  the  appointment  of  tutor.  Ha  n;^  re- 
solved by  Divine  permission  to  become  a  minister 
of  the  gosjiel,  he  jnirsued  his  theological  studies 
under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Allison.  At  the  age 
of  twenty-six  he  was  employed  as  the  instructor 
of  the  philosophical  classes  in  the  college  of 
I'hiladelpliia,  during  the  absence  of  Dr.  Smith, 
who  was  then  provost.  In  1708  he  accepted  an 
unanimous  coll  from  the  first  Presbyterian  church 
in  Philadelphia,  of  which  he  continued  a  minister 
till  his  death.  In  1773  he  was  sent  to  Great 
Britain  to  solicit  benefactions  for  the  ocadcmy  of 
Newark  in  Delaware.  He  was  everywhere  re- 
ceived Viith  respect.  Among  his  acquaintances 
and  friends  were  Dr.  Robertston,  Dr.  Webster, 
Mr.  Balfour,  and  Dr.  Blacklock.  In  1775  he 
returned  to  America,  as  the  Revolution  was  com- 
mencing, notwithstanding  the  most  temjiting 
offers  which  were  made  to  induce  him  to  remain 


FAVTNO. 


FANEl'lL. 


347 


111  England.  In  1770  lie  was  olrcfci  provost  of  j 
till- iinivcT.sity  of  I'l'iiiisylvaiiia.  To  i!ii-i  station, 
which  h(>  held  till  liis  dcatli,  lie  l)idii;{lit  larf^v  ! 
stores  of  information,  and  a  patrrniil  tcndurmsH 
toward  thi;  yonth  who  were  comniiili'd  to  his 
care.  He  hid  iicon  a  minister  more  than  forty 
yonrs.  Dnriufj  his  last  sicivncss  no  ninrninr  es- 
ca|i(Ml  111  li|)s,  and  lie  was  jinticnt  and  resifjned 
to  ihc  will  of  his  heavenly  Father.  His  colleague, 
J)r.  I-inn,  Rnrvived  him.  In  all  tlie  liranehes  of  j 
Ncience  and  literature,  usnally  taii),'ht  in  collef^es, 
he  was  \mcommonly  accurate,  and  in  his  mode  of 
communicatiiif;  information  on  the  most  abstruse 
and  intricate  snlyects,  he  was  seldom  surjiassed. 
His  (lualiticationsas  a  minister  of  the  gosjiel  were 
many  and  eminent.  Science  was  with  him  a 
handmaid  to  religion.  lie  was  mij^hty  in  the 
Scriptures.  His  own  investif^ation  confirmed  him 
in  his  helief  of  the  doctrines  of  (,'race,  which  he 
endeavored  to  impress  u])on  the  hearts  of  hisijeo- 
plo.  His  sermons  were  written  with  jfrcat  accu- 
racy and  rare,  in  a  style  always  ])ers])ieuous,  and 
generally  solierand  lein|ierate,  thongh  sometimes 
ornamented.  Mere  declamation  was  never  heard 
from  his  lips.  His  dejiortnn'nt  was  easy  and 
affable.  He  had  a  freeness  of  sahitnlion,  which 
Fometimes  surprised  the  stranger  ;  but  which  was 
admired  by  those  who  knew  him,  as  it  proceeded 
from  an  ojien  and  honest  beart.  His  talents  in 
conversation  were  remarkably  entertaining.  He 
could  unbend  from  severer  studies  and  become 
the  com])anio!i  of  innocent  mirth,  and  of  happy 
gayety.  I'erfectly  free  from  pedantry,  ho  could 
accommodate  himself  to  the  most  tudcttered. 
His  tuleiit  of  narration  was  universally  admired. 
An  extract  of  his  sermon  on  the  death  of  Dr. 
Allison,  is  iii  the  assembly's  magazine.  He  pub- 
lished also  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  George 
Ilryan,  1791  j  the  design  of  Christ  coming  into 
the  world,  in  the  American  preacher,  ii. s  and 
several  communications  in  the  transactions  of  the 
American  philosojihical  society.  His  lectures  on 
natural  philosophy  were  published,  1809.  —  Linn's 
Fiincnil  Sermon  ;  Asuemhli/'s  Miss.  Mag.  I.  409, 
414,  loH  ;.  Miller,  II.  372  ;  Holmes,  II.  424. 

EWIXG,  Gr.oiKiK,  died  in  Indiana  about  the 
year  1830,  the  father  of  Thomas  Ewing.  He  was 
a  native  of  Salem  county,  N.  J.  j  an  officer  in  the 
war ;  a  pioneer  in  the  west,  one  of  the  founders 
of  Amestown,  Ohio,  a  ridi  town,  so  named  by  K. 
Putnam  in  honor  of  Fisher  Ames.  —  Ilildreth. 

EWIXG,  Cii.Aiii.ES,  LL.  D.,  cliief  justice  of 
New  Jersey,  died  Aug.  5,  1832,  aged  about  64. 
Ho  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1798. 

FAlllBANKS,  Dkury,  minister  of  Littleton, 
N.  H.,  died  in  Jan.,  1853,  aged  80.  lie  gradu- 
ated at  Brown  university  in  1797. 

FAIRBANKS,  Jason,  the  murderer  of  Eliza- 
beth Fales  at  Dedham,  Mass.,  was  executed  Sept. 
10,  ISOl.    He  was  a  young  man,  and  died  with- 


(nit  mnnife.sting  any  repentance.  At  the  gallows 
lilUca  minutes  were  allowed  him  to  seek  finally, 
if  he  pleased,  the  Divine  mercy.  At  the  end  of 
one  minute  he  dropjied  his  handkerehiei  ..<  a 
signal,  and  was  swimg  otf,  and  justice  was  admin- 
istered. No  blind  and  falsely  alleged  humanity 
then  ■  e  uji  ag'.iinst  (Jod's  law,  —  "  Tlie  murderer 
rhall  surely  be  jjiit  todeath." — Numbers  .'J.< :  10. 
No  deluded  legisi^itor  then  thought  of  enacting, 
that  the  murderer  should  be  imprisoned  for  life,  or 
imjirisdMed  for  a  year  under  the  ))retenee  that  ho 
might  have  tiuu-  to  rejient.  God's  jiisticc  is  the 
only  safety  of  human  society. 

FAIRFAX,  Tii()M.\s,  baron  of  Cameron,  pro- 
])rietor  of  the  northern  neek,  between  the  Poto- 
mac and  Rap])ahannock,  in  Virginia,  died  at 
Greenway  court-house,  Frederic  county,  Dec.  12, 
1781,  aged  08.  His  wife  was  the  daughter  of 
Gov.  Cul])e])er,  ami  heir  of  the  Virginia  estate. 

I'.MRFAX,  Bui.i.N,  mii\ister  of  the  Episcopal 
church  in  Alexandria,  Va.,  died  at  .Mount  Eagle, 
neat  Cameron,  Aug.  7,  18o2,  aged  70.  He  was 
a  man  of  upright  princijdes,  of  unfeigned  piety, 
and  of  simple  manners.  His  long  illness  he  bore 
with  resignation.  He  published  a  sermon  on  the 
forgeifulness  of  our  sins,  in  American  Preacher, 
vol.  [. 

FAIRFIELD,  Joiix,  governor  of  Maine,  died 
at  Waslungton  Dec.  24,  1847,  aged  49.  He  lived 
hi  Saco.  He  was  governor  in  1842;  senator  of 
the  United  States  in  1843,  and  re-elected  in  1845. 

FAIRMAN,  GiDKON,  colonel,  an  engraver,  died 
at  Philadelphia  March  18,  1827,  aged  51.  Ho 
and  the  late  George  Murray  contributed  more 
than  any  other  persons  to  elevate  the  beautiful 
art  of  engraving  in  this  country.  Richard  Fair- 
man,  also  an  engraver,  died  at  Philadelphia  in 
Dee.,  1821,  aged  34. 

FAIRM.VN,  David,  an  engraver,  died  suddenly 
at  Philadelphia  Aug.  19,  1815,  aged  33.  He  was 
amiable  and  much  respected. 

FAITOUTE,  George,  minister  of  Jamaica,  L.  I., 
died  in  1815,  aged  about  60.  He  was  a  graduate 
of  Princeton  in  1776,  and  was  respected  for  his 
learning  and  piety. 

FALES,  David,  died  at  Thomaston,  Me.,  April 
4,  1822,  aged  89.  He  was  a  native  of  Bradford, 
Mass.,  and  lived  in  Dedham  before  he  removed  to 
Elaine,  where  he  was  employed  as  a  surveyor  by 
the  proprietors  of  the  Waldo  patent.  He  was 
also  useful  as  a  physician.  By  each  of  two  wives 
he  had  twelve  children ;  seventeen  survived  him. 

FALES,  Stephen,  a  lawyer  in  Cincinnati,  died 
in  1854,  aged  64.  Born  in  Boston,  he  was  a  grad- 
uate of  Harvard  in  1810,  and  a  tutor  at  Bowdoin 
in  1811.    He  had  the  reputation  of  a  scholar. 

FANEUIL,  Peter,  founder  of  Faneuil  Hall  in 
Boston,  died  March  3,  1743.  He  possessed  a 
large  estate,  and  employed  it  in  doing  good. 
While  his  charities  were  extensive,  his  liberal 


jii 


848 


FA\XI\3. 


spirit  indurrd  him  to  prcuciif  to  tlic  town  of  Ilos- 
toii  n  Ntiitcly  I'llilicc  called  iMiiiciiil  lliill,  for  tlic 
accominodatidii  of  thu  iiiliuliituntii  ut  tlii-ir  pulilic- 
mcctiii^js. 

l''AN.\fN'(!.  KdmI'XI),  LI..  ]).,  died  in  London 
in  IMIH,  n^'d  ilhoul  so.  lie  was  native  of  Con- 
nt'clifiit,  and  ^'radiialcd  at  Yale  coilej^e  in  IT.J". 
Settled  as  a  law  ver  at  llillslioiouf,']!,  \.  ('.,  Ur  wan 
a  tory  in  the  Kevohition,  aiul  wan  uftcrwardN 
lieuteinnit-novernor  of  Nova  Scotia  and  I'rinee 
Edward's  Island. 

J'AN\l\(j,  A.  {'.  ^Y.,  colonel,  died  nt  Cincin- 
nati Auf;.  IN,  IN  Hi,  ajjed  5Nj  a  native  of  MaHsn- 
chusettM.  He  wun  of  the  artillery.  I'-nteriiij,' the 
army  in  IN  12,  he  was  in  various  battles,  and 
served  in  the  iSeniinole  wars. 

FAllLEY,  MlciiAKl.,  (general,  died  at  Tjiswicii 
in  1789,  a(![ed  70.  lie  suHtaiiied  various  jiuhlic 
offices,  was  shcrifr  and  treasurer  of  l'",ssex,  and 
delegate  to  th((  State  convention  for  ado])ting  the 
constitution. 

FAllMEU,  .Tonx,  died  at  Concord,  N.  II., 
Aug.  13,  1838,  oged  49.  Horn  at  Chelmsford,  he 
was  in  1821  an  ajjothccary  at  Concord,  after  hav- 
ing been  ten  years  a  teacher  at  Amherst,  N.  II. 
Ho  was  a  most  uulustrious  laborer  in  researches 
relating  to  American  history  and  biograjjliy,  ond 
his  publications  were  numerous  and  useful,  lie 
published  historical  sketches  of  Amherst,  1820; 
memoir  of  liillcrica;  new  military  guide,  1822; 
a  gazetteer  of  New  Hampshire,  with  Jacob  11. 
Moore,  1823;  genealogical  register  of  the  first 
settlers  of  New  lingland,  1829;  an  enlarged 
edition  of  which  is  jjreparing  by  James  Savage ; 
communication 8  to  several  historical  societies,  and 
to  the  American  quarterly  register.  He  comjjiled 
also,  for  sixteen  years,  the  New  Hampsliirc  reg- 
ister, and  published  memorial  of  the  graduates 
of  Harvard  ;  collections  with  Mr.  Moore  in  3  vols., 
1822-1824 ;  and  also  an  edition  with  notes  of 
Belkna])'s  New  IIam])shirc. 

FAIINSWORTII,  llUTii,  Mrs.,  (Ued  at  Con- 
way, Mass.,  in  1815,  aged  100. 

FARNSWOIlTII,JAJii:s]).,  minister  of  Bridge- 
water,  Mass.,  died  Nov.  5,  18jj,  aged  G2.  He 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1818. 

FAllQHUAK,  J.VNE,  died  March  20,  1760, 
aged  30.  She  was  the  daughter  of  lieut.-govcrnor 
Golden,  of  New  York,  and  married  Dr.  William 
F.  Skilful  in  botany,  she  was  the  correspondent 
of  Linneus,  who,  in  compliment  to  her,  named  a 
plant  Coldenia. 

FARll,  Jonathan,  Unitarian  minister  of  Har- 
vard, Mass.,  died  June  12,  184j,  aged  about  47. 
He  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1818,  and 
was  t'le  author  of  several  Uttle  works  on  practical 
religion. 

FAllKANl),  D.VNIEL,  minister  of  Canaan.  Conn., 
died  in  1803,  aged  83.  Born  in  New  Milford,  and 
becoming  pious  in  the  revivals  after  1740,  several 


FARR.VR. 

miin'sters  nsslstcd  in  his  education.  He  was  grad- 
uated at  I'riiiceton  in  17>'>0,  and  ordained  Aug, 
12,  17.>2,  as  the  successor  of  I'Uijuh  NVelmter. 
Ho  was  a  man  of  science,  and  of  a  vlgoroim 
mind;  a  zealous  jireaclier.  He  attended  nure 
than  one  hundred  eceieNiasiical  councils.  In  his 
death  he  hud  an  exulli.*.g  hope  of  eternal  lil'e. 
His  son,  Judge  F.,  hved  in  Iturlinglon,  Vt.  He 
|)ul)lished  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  I'Uizabeth, 
wife  of  Rev.  Jonathan  Lee,  1702. 

FARR.\K,  SiKi'iiKN,  first  minister  of  New 
Ipswich,  N.  H.,  ilied  June  23,  1809,  aged  70. 
Born  in  Lincoln,  Mass.,  he  was  the  son  of  Deacon 
Samuel,  who  died  in  1783,  aged  7.i.  He  was  the 
brother  of  Judge  Timothy,  and  lirother  of  Dea- 
con Samuel  the  second,  of  Lincoln,  who  died  in 
1829,  aged  94.  His  daughter,  Lydia,  married 
Rev.  Warren  Pierce.  He  graduated  at  Harvard 
in  17jfl,  and  was  ordained  in  1700.  He  was  a 
devoted  and  faithfid  minister.  —  Paijson's  Fu- 
neral Sermuii. 

FARRAR,  Timothy,  judge,  the  oldest  grad- 
uate of  Harvard,  died  at  Hollis,  N.  II.,  Feb.  21, 
1819,  aged  101  years  and  ncorly  eight  months. 
He  was  the  son  of  Deacon  Samuel  F.,  was  born 
at  Lincoln  June  28,  1747,  and  graduated  at  Har- 
vard 1767.  He  lived  in  New  Ijiswich,  N.  H. 
From  1775  to  1810  he  was  judge  of  tlie  courts, 
his  appointment  to  the  office  of  chief  justice  of 
the  superior  court  being  dated  Feb.  22,  1802. 
His  portrait  is  in  the  historical  register  for  Octo- 
ber, 1852.     He  was  buried  ot  Mount  Auburn. 

FARRAR,  Phebk,  wife  of  Samuel  Farrar,  died 
at  Andover,  Mass.,  Jan.  22, 1848,  aged  79.  Born 
in  Elizabethtown,  N.  J.,  the  daughter  of  Timothy 
Edwards,  her  first  husband  was  Rev.  A.  Hooker. 
She  married  in  1814  Mr.  F.,  the  treasurer  of  the 
theological  seminary  ut  Andover,  who  still  lives 
at  a  very  advanced  age.  Her  views  of  religious 
doctrine  accorded  with  those  of  her  grandfather. 
President  Edwards;  and  she  died  in  Christian 
peace.  Her  three  children  were  Dr.  E.  W. 
Hooker,  and  the  wives  of  Dr.  Cornelius  and  of 
Rev.  Solomon  Peck.  —  Wood's  Sermon, 

FARRAR,  John,  LL.  D.,  professor/)f  natural 
j)hilosophy  and  mathematics  in  Harvard  college, 
died  March  8,  1853,  aged  73.  He  wastlie  son  of 
Samuel  Farrar,  of  Lincoln,  and  graduated  in 
1803.  His  father  died  Sc])t.  19,  1829,  aged  92, 
and  his  grandfather,  Samuel,  died  April  17,  1783, 
aged  74 ;  both  were  deacons  of  the  church.  The 
father  of  the  latter  was  George,  who  first  settled 
on  the  farm  at  Lincoln,  being  the  son  of  Jacob, 
who  came  from  England  to  Lancaster  about  1042, 
and  was  Killed  in  Philip's  war  hi  1G75.  Mr.  Far- 
rar was  chosen  professor  in  1807,  and  remained 
Ml  office  till  1836.  lie  was  a  most  amiable,  social, 
and  excellent  man,  endeared  to  his  friends.  He 
liad  years  of  sickness  and  severe  suffering,  with 
all  the  alleviation  which  could  be  ministered  by 


FARTlAn. 


FELLOWS. 


3t0 


nffprtion.  UN  first  wife  was  Lucy  Miirin,  tho ' 
daughter  of  Ui'V.  Dr.  ItiickmiiiHtcr  j  his  sccoikI 
wifi',  wh(i  Hiiruvi'il  liiiii,  wiiN  IJi/.a,  tin- ilau;^htrr 
of  IJtiij.iiiiiti  Itc'iU'li,  of  Xi'w  lli'ilfonl.  UinHistcr| 
lli'iM't'ca  iiKirriid  Uc\.  Dr.  Jonatliuii  Fri-nch,  of 
North  llaniptoii,  N'.  IL  'I'nnolhy  Farrar,  who 
(liod  a^i'd  101,  was  ]m  iincli'.  lie  piihiiishcd  va- 
rious )>a])('r.s  in  the  memoirs  of  tlio  Ami-ricah 
ftcndcmy,  of  whicii  lie  »;is  secretary;  also  a  series 
of  learned  works  in  his  deimrtmcnts  of  Hcience, 
for  the  classes  in  collejjc. 

FAKUAU,  Makv,  widow  of  llev.  Joso])h  F., 
(lied  in  I'otersliatn,  Mass.,  July  21,  IN.O.*,  a^ed  100. 

FASSriT,  Thomas,  Mrs.,  of  Philndeli)hia,  died 
in  \Ho!i,  hcciiienthing  many  thousandH  of  dolIarH 
to  various  benevolent  histitutionH. 

FAUNCF,  TlioM\s,  an  elder  of  the  Plymouth 
church  in  102.'),  died  Fcl).  27,  1710,  aged  TO. 
His  daufjhter,  I'atienec  Kcmpton,  died  in  1771), 
ngcd  103  years  and  nix.  muiitliH. 

FAUGKKES,  MAKGAiiiTrA  V.,  distinguished 
for  lior  literiry  accomplishments,  died  Jan.  !), 
1801,  aj^od  2i».  She  was  the  daughter  of  Ann 
Eliza  Bleecker,  and  was  born  about  tlio  year 
1771.  Tho  first  years  of  her  life  were  spent  with 
hor  parents,  in  the  retired  village  of  Tomhanic, 
about  eighteen  miles  alive  Albany.  Here  through 
tho  instructions  of  iitr  niother,  her  mind  was 
much  cultivated,  but  the  loss  of  this  excellent 
parent  p.t  an  age,  when  her  counsels  were  of  the 
utmost  importance,  was  irre])arai)lo.  ^Ir.  Bleecker 
after  the  termination  of  the  war  removed  to  New 
York,  and  as  his  daughter  grew  uj'.  saw  her  en- 
gaging in  her  manners,  lively  and  witty,  of  nn 
equal  and  sweet  temjjer,  and  diffusing  cheerful- 
ness around  hor.  Of  lier  admirers  she  placed 
her  aft'ections  uj)on  one  of  a  dissipated  character, 
and,  notwithstanding  the  most  earnest  remon- 
strances of  In  T  father,  she  in  1792  married  I'ricr 
Faugcres,  a  physician  in  New  York.  It  was  nut 
long,  before  she  jjorceived  the  folly  of  havini^ 
been  governed  by  passion  rather  than  by  reason ; 
and  her  disregard  of  j)atcrnal  advice,  and  prefor- 
euco  of  external  accomi)lishments  to  correct 
morals  and  the  virtues  of  the  heart,  overwhelmed 
her  with  trouble.  In  three  or  four  years  the 
ample  fortune,  which  she  had  brought  to  her 
husband,  was  entirely  expended.  Before  the 
death  of  hor  father  in  170.j  his  affections  shielded 
her  from  many  evils;  but  in  the  summer  of  179G 
she  was  glad  to  procure  a  residence  in  a  garret 
with  the  author  of  her  woes  and  one  child.  Mr. 
Faugercs  fell  a  victim  to  the  yellow  fever  in  the 
autumn  of  1708,  and  she  soon  afterwards  engaged 
as  an  assistant  in  an  academy  for  young  ladies  at 
Now  Brunswick.  For  this  station  she  was  peculi- 
arly iiimlified  by  the  variety  of  her  talents  and 
tho  sweetness  of  hor  toniiu  r.  In  about  a  year 
she  removed  to  Brooklyn,  where  she  undertook 
the  education  of  the  cliildren  of  several  families. 


Tlor  dwlining  health  li:iving  rendered  her  ineajm- 
'i'  of  this  em|iliiuneul,   she  was  ree i  ivcd  by  a 

nd  in  New  York,  whose  alt»  iilions  were  peril- 
liarly  grateful,  as  she  was  sinking  into  the  grave. 
.She  was  resigned  to  the  will  of  (iod,  and,  elieered 
f)y  the  truths  of  religion,  she  died  in  peace.  She 
liad  a  taste  for  poetry,  and  many  of  the  produc- 
tions of  her  ]ien  were  pulili'-hcd  in  the  .New  York 
magazine  and  the  American  museum.  In  \''Xi 
she  published,  prefixed  to  the  works  of  Mrs. 
Bleecker,  her  mother,  memoirs  of  her  Hfe ;  and 
several  of  her  own  essays  were  annexed  to  the 
volume.  She  j)ublished  in  17!(.j  or  1790  Belisa- 
rius,  a  tragedy. 

l'"Ar(irii:i{,  FnANns,  governor  of  Virginia 
from  17,JH  to  171)7,  succeeded  Dinwiddie,  aiul  was 
succeeded  by  Botetoiu't.  lie  was  well  educated! 
had  fine  talents;  stistained an  excellent  character) 
and  ])l'oved  himself  a  friend  of  religion,  scienc  ■■, 
and  liberty.  His  administration  was  very  popu- 
lar.    He  (lied  March  ',i,  17()N.  —  l.cmpr. 

F.\Y,  D.VVII),  judge,  died  at  Beiuungton  ia 
Jiuie,  1827,  aged  00.  He  was  engaged  in  tho 
battle  of  Bennington  and  was  among  tho  first  to 
mount  tho  Hessian  l)reastwork.  He  had  been 
adjutant-general,  attorney  for  the  United  States, 
nnd  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Vermont,  and 
judge  of  iji'obate. 

FAY,  Sa.miel  p.  p.,  judge,  died  at  Cambridge 
May  18,  18.J0,  aged  78,"a  graduate  of  1798.  lie 
was  a  cai)tain  in  tho  army  in  179',;;  then  a  law- 
yer; and  the  judge  of  probate  nearly  thirty-five 
years.  —  liostun  Advertiser,  July  10,  1850. 

FEARING,  Pai  L,  judge,  died  Aug.  21,  1822, 
aged  59,  of  an  epidemic  fever :  his  wife  died  the 
same  day.  Born  in  Waroham,  Mass.,  he  gradu- 
ated in  1785  at  Cambridge.  In  danger  of  losing 
his  degree,  Joseph  Barrell  lent  him  money  to  ])ay 
tho  foe.  He  studied  law  with  Mr.  Swift  of  Wind- 
ham. In  17ns  he  emigrated  to  Ohio.  He  cele- 
brated the  foia-th  of  July  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Muskingum  ;  (ion.  Varnum  delivered  the  oration  j 
guns  were  fired  from  fort  Harmer.  lie  heard  the 
first  sermon  hi  the  Northwest  Territory,  Jidy  20, 
by  Mr.  Breck  from  Massachusetts.  He  and  Mr. 
Meigs  were  the  first  lawyers.  Ii  1801  he  was  a 
delegate  to  congress.  In  'SIO  be  was  judge  of 
tho  common  ])leas.  On  hi.v  farm  b.olow  the  Mus- 
kingum ho  raised  the  Jlerino  shce]).  — Ilildreth's 
Bio.  Memidrs. 

FELLOWS,  JoiiN,  brigailiei -general,  a  soldier 
of  the  Kevolution,  died  Aug.  1,  1808,  aged  73. 
Ho  was  born  at  Pomfrct,  Conn.,  and  resided  at 
Shofhold,  Mass.  lie  commanded,  in  1775,  one  of 
the  two  regiments  of  minuto-mon,  constituted  by 
the  j)atrioiic  citizens  of  Berkshire,  and  after  the 
battle  of  Lexington  marched  to  the  neighborhood 
of  Boston:  John  Patterson  commanded  the  other 
regiment.  He  was  for  several  years  high  sheriff 
of  Berksliire. 


sno 


FKI.I.OWS. 


A 


I'T.r.r.OWS,  JdiiN.  (  Mlmiil.  ii;...!  in  \<'W  York 
Jnii.  :J,  IHII,  ii^kI  hi.  Ill'  Wits  Ikii-ii  ill  >lii'iri('lil, 
Maw*.,  nnti  wot*  ri'imtcil  ('>  lie  it  riillnwiT  of 
llioinaN  riiiiic.  lie  ptilili'.lii  il  woihs  mi  llif 
autliorNiiiji  III'  Jiiniii'),  <iii  IV(  I'-iniisoiiry,  iiiiil  mi 
tlu>  li!r  lit'  I'litiiaiii. 

FI'.NM'.I.I,,  Jamis,  II  ihrntrical  iicrlDiiiK  r, 
wuh  lidi'ii  ill  l.'imldii  ill  IT'Wi,  mill  dc-tincd  for 
tlio  fliiinii.  In  17IKJ  lu'  riimo  to  thin  roiinlry, 
nnd  ac'i|iiii('il  I'aiTU'  n»  lui  actor.  At  Boston  he 
tiiii^fiil  ri'adiii'f  Mild  cloiiitioii.  Like  CiMikc,  he 
dicil  II  diiiiii^Mid.  at  l'liil:i(l(l|iliia,  in  June.  IMKI. 
JIc  [iiililisli'd  an  ii[)olo;»y  (( •!•  Iiis  life,  2  vol  ,  ISl  I. 

FI'lNM'.li.Aimiiu,  H'lvci'iiofot'llhudi'  Is^IimiI, 
(mcc('('(l"(l  Mr.  CdlliiiN  in  ITNOaiid  was  Hueei'edt'd 
l)y  Jamil  I'V'iinci'  in  INoT.  He  was  the  son  of 
Arthur  T'cnnor,  ami  died  at  I'rovidi'iicL'  Oct.  li*, 
]H(>,-.,  (ifTcd  Od. 

rKNXr.ll.  ,1  'MIS,  1,1,.  1).,  died  in  I'l-ovidunro 
Ajiril  17,  IH'.ii,  n-fi'd  7(1.  HiMviis  a  (,'riidimtc' of 
Drown  university  in  17H!).  He  wa..  a  senator  of 
the  United  Stales  j  al.io,  jjovernor  finn-teen  years, 
and  for  liftv  c./imected  witi'  llic  ]ml)lic  aHairs  of 
Itliode  Island.  Ho  was  tinn,  indomitable,  patri- 
otic,  and  Ihilliriii. 

FI'',N'\\'l('lv.  (ii;i)iuii;.  jirojirietor  of  a  ]mrt  of 
Coniu '.•ticul,  died  in  I().j7.  He  came  to  this 
country  in  1  (),'}(>,  liavin;;  purehased  tiie  plantation 
of  Saybrook  I'ort,  and  was  "  a  jj;ood  uncotira^'er  to 
tlie  elnireli  iil'  Christ  at  Hartl'ord."  He  returned 
to  lMi;;land  :  lint  came  iifjain  to  this  country  and 
arrived  at  New  Haven  .Iiiiy  1."),  Ki.'J!*,  with  his  lady 
and  family,  and  eomnieneed  the  settlement  at 
Sayliniolv,  so  called  in  remeinlirance  of  Lords  Say 
nnd  IJrook,  who  with  others  elnimed  the  territory 
by  f;rant  of  Kniiert,  I'.arlof  Warwick.  Mr.  Fen- 
wick  was  their  a^'ent.  He  sold  his  riglits  to  the 
Connecticut  jjovennnent  Dec.  ."i,  Kill,  and  it  was 
stipulaied,  that  lu'  should  receive  for  ten  years  a 
certain  duty  on  exjjorts  from  the  mouth  of  the 
river.  The  colony  paid  him  1000  jiounds  for  tlio 
old  patent.  His  wife  died  at  Saybrook,  wliero 
her  monument  remains  to  the  jiresent  day  near 
the  fort,  but,  it  l)clii;i;  of  sandstone,  the  inijoription 
is  efFaced. —  Dirii/ht,  II.  310. 

FEXWICK,  ]i,  ]).  1).,  Catholic  bishoj),  died 
at  Cinciimati  Sejjt.  2o,  1832. 

FF^XWICK,  IJi;.\i:I)Ic;t,  a  Catholic  bishoi),  died 
in  Boston  Au^.  11,  l.SKi,  aged  Gl.  A  Jesuit,  he 
became  jire.sident  of  Georjijetown  collej^e  ;  thence 
he  went  to  Boston,  where  ho  was  bisho])  twenty- 
one  years.  At  first  there  were  only  two  churches 
and  two  jiriosts  under  his  care  :  lie  left  over  fifty 
churches  and  sixty  ])riests.  He  was  regarded  as 
a  learned  man  and  jjowerfiil  jiroacher. 

FKUGUSOX,  I'.i.iZAiiiaii,  died  Feb.  23,  1801, 
aged  01.  She  was  ihe  (huighter  of  ])r.  Thomas 
Graham  or  Graeme  of  Philadelphia,  by  Anno, 
daughter  of  Gov.  Keith.  She  was  well  educated, 
and  married  H.  II.  Ferjjuson,  a  Scotchman,  who 


FIF.Ll). 

jdlnrd  the  Hriti'li  in  tlu'  war  mid  never  n  Hir"-  f^ 
to  liii  wife.  She  fiijiiu  (1  till- (riciidslilp  of  .ii:  ny 
cniinent  men.  Tliroii^;||  her  |ir.  Diiche  nn-l  hi 
letter  lo  \Va--liin;<tdn,  prdposing  IiIn  re^i^,'lll  !,-in 
of  Ihe  eonim.iiid  of  the  iirniy.  She  liv<'il  on  a 
fann  of  hers  in  Mdiii;;dnii'ry  ((miiiv.  \ltr  lite- 
iiry  repulalidii  \mi-  high.  The  whdle  of  »  .e 
Hible  was  by  her  tranKcribed.  She  tran-li  .cd 
Teliiimchu''  into  serse. 

I  l'!UiUS,  David,  miniNter  of  Xowburgli,  Ohio, 
died  .\ii;.r.  1!»,  1M|!),  ntred  73. 

I'F.ItUY,  Ha.  i!i;i„  .Mrs.,  died  in  Xorfolk, 
Conn.,  in  1H|(I,  agi'd  Kij.  She  died  in  llir  Clirin. 
tiiin  faith.  .\t  the  age  of  KM)  she  hoard  a  cen- 
tury sernidii,  then  retaining  her  facnllios. 

FI'.SSKXDKX,  TiiiiMAs,  minister  of  Walpo'e, 
X.  H.,  a  descendant,  as  others  of  the  lunno  are, 
of  Xichdlas  F.  '  ''  Camhridgi'.  graduated  in  I7o.S 
and  died  .May,  l.'-il3,  aged  71,  in  the  fort \ -seventh 
of  his  ministry.  He  juililished  two  Nermons;  a 
theoretic  e.x]ilanation  of  the  Ncience  of  sanctity, 
8vo,  1801 J  and  the  Itoston  Helf-styled  gentlemeu 
reviewers  reviewed,  180(1. 

FFSS'IXOFX,  TiioMAHfjiii:EN,died  nt  Boston 
Xov.  11,  1837,  of  ajiojilexy,  aged  aliont  (lO.  Born 
in  Walpolo,  X.  H.,  he  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
in  17!)(i,  nnd  devoted  himself  to  various  literary 
labors.  He  jmblished  a  satirical  poem  entitled 
terrible  tractoration,or  democracy  unveiled,  1805; 
original  jioems,  1800;  register  of  arts,  1808; 
the  Xew  JCnglnnd  Farmer,  1822;  essay  on  the 
law  of  jiatcnts ;  address  on  tenipcrnnco,  1831; 
new  American  gnrdener,  1832. 
I  FEW,  Wu.l.lAM,  colonel,  a  ])atriot  of  the  Rev- 
olution, died  in  July,  1828,  aged  81.  He  was 
'  born  in  Maryland  in  1748,  nnd,  residing  in  Geor- 
gia, was  in  1790  a  member  of  the  convention 
which  framed  the  constitution  of  the  State.  Ho 
soon  distinguished  himself  in  .several  actions  with 
the  British  nnd  Indians.  Augusta  being  recov- 
ered, he  in  1780  wns  sent  n  delegate  to  congress, 
and  remained  in  that  body  till  the  pence  ;  nnd  wns 
ngain  ajijioinfed  in  1780.  The  next  year  he  as- 
sisted in  forming  the  national  constitution.  He 
,  resided  in  his  last  years  in  the  city  of  New  York, 
nnd  died  nt  F'ishkill. 

I  I'TELl),  JiiciiAUD,  n  ])hysician  and  senior  ed- 
itor of  the  Pctenslnirg  Intelligencer,  studied  at 
I'dinhurgh.  He  died  in  Brunswick  County,  Va., 
May  23,  1829,  aged  01.  As  a  jihysi  -nn  he  wns 
skilful,  nnd  as  a  botanist  none  exceeded  him  in 
the  knowledge  of  the  ])lants  of  Virginia.  He  was 
a  member  of  three  electoral  colleges,  and  voted 
for  Jefferson  nnd  Miulison  ns  presidoHt. 

FIELD,  M.viSTiN,  general,  died  in  F^iyetloville, 
Vt.,  Oct.  20,  1833,  aged  00.  He  was  early  dis- 
tinguished as  a  lawyer,  but  deafness  com])elled 
him  to  relinquish  the  j)rofession.  He  then  be- 
came skilled  in  mineralogy  and  natural  history, 
to  which  he  was  devoted. 


\. 


I"IKM). 
l'll',I.I»,  TiMimiY,   niiiiistrr  iif  Wci»fniin»ti'r. 

Vl..  .Ilcil  I'll),  L"J,  |S|.-,,  iip.,1  0(1,  llnril  ill  I'.DHl 
(iiiilloni,  Cciiiii.,  he  Kr'Klnatcd  ;it  Yalr  in  171)7, 
nml  sliiiliiil  tliiDJdfxy  ttitli  l)r.  I>\v!;/lil.  He  wan 
oriiiiiiicil  at  Ciiiiuiiiiuifjiia,  X.  Y.,  I'cli.  •J7,  ImMI, 
uiiil  (li-.iiiisni'(i  ill  1S(>7.  lie  wii.  ilicn  tin'  iiiiiiisiiT 
oJ"  Wi'htiiiliiHlcr  I'lom  IMitT  till  1h;1.'<.  t\\  iil\-ciKlit 
yiMiiN,  lit'  alhTW arils  was  iiHcfiii  ,i»  a  picaclii  r, 
but  ilii'il  ill  the  i.iiNaiii'  huHiilial  at  Ilratlli'liiii'nii;^!). 

l''ll'.l,l>,  llAliM  M,  i)riii(i|ml  of  till'  Frtuikliii 
Hcliiiiil,  Idiston,  ilii'il  May  7,  IH.'d,  a^jcd  'I'l. 

I'I\I)I.I',Y,  Wil. 1,1AM,  a  iiu'IiiIh  r  of  rounri'H», 
rutiK'  ill  t'lii'ly  lil'c  Iroiii  Irclaiiil.  In  the  Ucvolii- 
tion  lie  cii^'a;,'!'!!  with  zeal  in  the  i'iiiinc  of  his 
adopted  country;  at  th(^  close  of  the  war  lie 
reiiiined  to  the  wt'steni  part  of  I'elilisylvaiiia. 
lie  was  n  nu'iiiber  of  the  coiivtiitioii  which  in 
17S!)  rraiiied  the  new  constitution  of  I'dinsylva- 
liia,  and  a  iiieinl)erof  conjfress  in  IHI'J.  lie  died 
at  I'liity  towiiNl;i)i,(ireeiisliui'^(,  .\pril  .>,  IH'.'I,  aged 
upwards  of  70.  In  his  jiolities  he  o])|ii)Ne(l  the 
administration  of  J.  Adams  and  sii|iported  Mr. 
Jell'erson.  In  liis  relif^ion  he  l)elon}{ed  to  the 
class  of  "old  <lisseiitern  "  of  the  .Scotch  reforma- 
tion. He  |ml)lihlied  a  review  of  the  fundinf^  sys- 
tem, 1701)  a  history  of  the  insurreetioii  of  the 
four  Hestern  connlies  of  I'cniisylvania,  etc,  17y(); 
ohservatioiis  on  the  two  sons  of  oil,  viiidicalin}j[ 
relij^ious  liberty  against  llcv.  Sumuel  U.  Wylif, 
LSI  2. 

FINDLEY,  AViiJ.lAii,  governor  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, died  at  Ilarrisburg  Nov.  14,  1840,  aged  7S. 
Ho  jiublished  a  history  of  the  insurrection  in 
Pennsylvania,  1700. 

FI\J,1''.Y,Sa,mii;i,,  1).  ]).,  iircsident  of  the  col- 
lege of  New  Jersey,  died  July  17,  17G0,  aged  50, 
He  was  horn  of  jiious  parents  in  the  county  of 
Armagh  in  Ireland  in  the  year  1715,  and  was  one 
of  seven  sons,  who  were  all  jiious.  Very  early  in 
life  it  pleased  Ood  to  awaken  niid  convert  him. 
He  first  heard  a  sermon,  when  ho  was  si.\  years 
old,  and  from  that  time  resolved  to  bo  a  minister. 
lie  lell  his  native  country  at  the  age  of  eighteen, 
and  arrived  at  Philadelphia  Sejit.  2S,  173 1.  After 
liis  arrival  he  sjient  several  years  hi  completing 
his  studies.  Having  been  liccn.sed  to  preach  in 
Aug.,  1740,  he  «as  ordained  Oct.  l.'tth  by  the 
Presbytery  of  New  Brunswick.  The  first  jiart  of 
his  ministry  was  spent  in  fatiguing  itinerant 
labors,  lie  contributed  his  efforts  with  Gilbert 
Temient  and  !Mr.  Whitefield  in  promoting  the 
revival  of  religion,  which  was  at  that  jjcriod  so 
remarkable  throughout  this  country.  His  benev- 
olent zeal  sometimes  brought  hira  into  unpleasant 
circumstances.  The  legislature  of  Connecticut 
had  made  a  law,  prohibiting  itinerants  from  enter- 
ing parishes,  in  which  a  minister  was  settled,  un- 
less by  ills  consent.  For  preaching  to  a  Presby- 
terian congregation  in  New  Haven,  Mr.  Finley 
was  in  consequence  of  tliis  law  seized  by  the  civil 


FINI.F.Y. 


s:*  I 


niithority,  and  carried  m  n  vn^rrant  out  rif  ilio 
C'llony.  Iliit  per^n  iitiou  iiiuld  nut  xhal.e  him 
from  hit  piirpo'^e  of  being  ocriipied  in  |ireiu'hin|{ 
iheevirhiKting  gi»>pel.  llin  eMTlinnn  were  greatly 
bhsNi'd  in  a  niiniber  of  Iowiin  in  New  Jemey,  mid 
he  preaclied  fur  six  iiioiiths  with  great  acreptancc 
ill  I'liiliidelphia,  In  June,  1711.  he  lueepled  an 
iii\itaii>in  fniin  Nuitiiigliiiii,  Miii'\l.iiid,  where  ho 
(■iinliniied  near  m  vi'ii  \ears  faithl'iilly  and  sniresH- 
fully  diseharging  the  ihilieN  of  his  ofllce.  lleru 
he  establislied  an  aciidi'iny,  whieli  iie<|iiired  great 
'  repulalion,  I'lider  his  instnietion  inaiiy  joutim 
nceived  the  nidinients  of  learning,  and  correct 
moral  sentinienls,  which  have  since  eonlrilmted 
nuicli  toward  rendering  them  the  most  useful 
members  of  society,  I'pou  llii'  death  of  Presi- 
dent l)avies,  Mr.  Finley  was  chosen  his  succcHHor. 
It  waK,  with  reluctance  that  he  let'  a  people  »io 
much  endeared  to  him,  and  with  whom  he  had  m) 
long  lived  in  fViendslii|).  lie  removed  to  Prince- 
ton ill  July,  17(il,  and  entered  u|Min  the  duties  of 
j  his  new  ofllce.  The  college  flouiished  under  his 
care  i  but  it  enjoyed  the  benefit  of  his  superin- 
j  tendence  for  but  a  few  years.  He  died  of  an 
;  afl'eetion  of  the  liver  at  I'hiladelphia,  whither  ho 
had  gone  for  medical  iissistance,  iind  was  buried 
by  the  side  of  his  friend,  Gilbert  'reiiiient.  His 
first  wife,  who  died  in  1700,  was  Sarah  Hall,  by 
whom  he  had  eight  children;  his  second  wife  wus 
Ann  C'larksoii,  daughter  of  Matthew  Clarkson, 
merchant  of  New  York.  She  survived  him  forty- 
one  years.  His  son,  Ebenezer  Finley,  was  a 
physician  in  Charleston,  South  Carolina.  His 
I  daughter  married  Samuel  Hreeze  of  New  Jersey, 
and  was  the  mother  of  the  wife  of  llev.  Hr. 
j  Morse. 

]      In  his  religious  ojiinions  he  was  a  Calvinist. 
'  His  sermons  were  not  hasty  productions,  but  the 
j  result  of  study,  and  filled  with  good  sense  and 
I  well   digested   sentiment,    expressed    in  ii   st)  le 
j  pleasing  to  the  man  of  science  yet  pierlectly  in- 
telligible by  the  illiterate.     He  was  remarkable 
for  sweetness  of  temjier  and  polite  behavior,  hos- 
j  pitable,  charitable,  and  diligent  in  the  perform- 
I  ance  of  the  various  duties  of  life.     During  his  last 
sickness  ho  was  perfectly  resigned  to  the  Divine 
will ;  he  had  a  strong  faith  in  his  Saviour ;  and  he 
frequently  cx])ressod  an  earnest  desire  of  deiiartmg, 
that  ho  might  dwell  with  the  Lord  Jesus.     A 
short  time  before  his  death  he  sat  up,  and  jirayed 
earnestly,  that  God  would  enable  him  to  endure 
patiently  to  the  end,  and  keej)  him  from  dishonor- 
ing the  ministry.     He  then  said, "  blessed  be  God, 
eternal  rest  is  at  hand.  Eternity  is  but  long  enough 
to  enjoy  my  God.  Tiiis,  this  has  animated  me  in  my 
severest  studies ;  I  was  ashamed  to  take  rest  here. 
O,  that  I  might  be  filled  with  the  fulness  of  God  ! " 
lie  then  addressed  himself  to  all  his  friends  in  the 
room,  "  O  that  each  of  you  may  experience  what, 
blessed  bo  God,  I  do,  when  you  come  to  die; 


n 


352 


FINLEY. 


I 


may  yoii  have  tlip  pleasure  in  a  (lyiiig  liniir  to 
rt'lleet,  that,  with  i'aitii  and  patience,  zeal  and  sin- 
cerilv,  you  liave  endeavored  to  serve  the  Lord  ; 
and  may  each  of  you  lie  impressed,  as  1  have 
been,  witli  God's  word,  lookinf,'  u]ion  it  as  huI)- 
stantial,  and  not  only  fearin;;^,  but  liein;;  unwillin}; 
to  oU'erd  aj;ainst  it."  On  heiuff  asked  how  he 
felt,  he  rp])liod  :  "  l''ull  of  triinnj)!!!  I  triumjih 
thron^h  Christ!  Nothing'  eli])s  my  winf!;s,  hut 
the  thoiif^hts  of  my  dissolution  lieing  delayed. 
O,  that  it  were  to-nif;ht !  My  very  soul  thirsts 
for  eternal  rest."  AVhen  he  was  asked,  what  he 
saw  in  rternily  to  excite  such  vehement  desires,  he 
said  :  "  I  sec  the  eternal  love  and  jjoodness  of 
God;  I  sec  the  fulness  of  the  mediator;  I  see 
the  love  of  Jesus.  (),  to  be  dissolved  and  to  bj 
with  him!  I  lonpf  to  be  clothed  with  the  com- 
plete rii^htcousness  of  Christ."  Thrs  this  exLcl- 
lent  man  died,  in  the  full  assurance  of  salvation. 

lie  ])ublislied  a  sermon  on  !Matthew  xil.  9.S, 
entitled,  Christ  trium])hing  and  Satan  rafj^inp;, 
preached  at  Nottinj^ham,  1741 ;  a  refutation  of 
Mr.  Thomson's  sermon  on  the  doctrine  of  con- 
victions, 1743;  Satan  strip])ed  of  his  evangelical 
robe,  against  the  Moravians,  1743  ;  n  charitable 
plea  for  the  speechless  in  answer  to  Abel  Mor- 
gan's anti-])cdo-rantism,  1747;  a  vindication  of 
the  preceding,  1748  ;  a  sermon  at  the  ordination 
of  John  llodgers  at  St.  George's,  March  IG,  1749; 
a  sermon  on  the  death  of  President  Davies,  ])reiixcd 
to  his  works ;  the  curse  of  Mero/,  or  the  danger 
of  neutrality  in  the  cause  of  God  and  our  coim- 
try,  lli)l. — Assemhhj  Miss.  Mag.  I.  71-77; 
I'anopUst,  I.  281-28G;  and  new  series,  I.  241- 
257  ;  Christian  Mag.  I.  30 1-307, 419-'136  ;  Mass. 
Miss.  Mag.  IV.  241-247 ;  Green's  Discourse, 
3j()-38(). 

FINLEY,  Koni-RT,  1).  D.,  president  of  the 
university  of  Georgia,  died  Oct.  3,  1817,  aged 
45.  lie  wa.s  born  at  Princeton  in  1772,  and 
graduated  at  Princeton  college  in  1787.  F'rom 
1793  to  1795  he  was  a  tutor,  and  a  trustee  from 
1807  till  1817,  when  ho  resigned,  lie  was  the 
minister  of  IJasking-Uridge,  X.  J.,  from  June, 
1795,  until  1817.  IJeeply  interested  in  the  welfare 
of  the  free  blacks,  he  formed  a  j)lan  of  sending 
them  to  Africa,  and  may  be  considered  as  the  father 
of  the  colonization  society.  In  Dec,  181G,  lie 
went  to  AVashington,  and  succeeded  in  calling  a 
meeting  of  gentlemen,  Dec.  21,  at  which  addresses 
were  made  by  Mr.  Clay  and  !Mr.  Ilandolph.  The 
next  week  a  constitution  was  ado])tod  and  Judge 
Washington  chosen  in-esident.  On  his  return,  Dr. 
Fiiiley  caused  the  establishment  of  an  auxiliary  so- 
ciety at  Trenton.  Ik'ing  at  this  period  chosen  pres- 
ident of  l''ranklin  college,  at  Athens,  Ga.,  he  re- 
paired to  that  ])lace  in  1817,  and  in  a  few  months 
died  there,  ii....ing  a  wife  and  nine  children.  He 
published  sev(>ral  sermons.  — Memoirs  of  Finleij. 

FINN,  Henry  J.,  died  Jan.  13,  1840,  aged 


Fl^H. 

:  58,  lost  with  one  hui:dred  and  thirty-nine  others 
in    the    burning    of    the    steanil oat     Lexington. 
IJiirn  in   JJostcju,  when   a  boy  on   his  jiassage  to 
:  Englaiul  the  vessel  sunk,   but  the  ]»assengers  es- 
I  ca]ied  in  small  boats  and  were  taken  u|)  atU-r  sev- 
1  eral  days,     lie  went  upon   the  stage  In  Lor  (Ion, 
land  then  in  New  York,  and  IJoston.     He  was 
I  the  owner  of  an  elegant  residenre  in  Xewj)ort,  to 
which  he  was  returning  from  New  York  on  the 
day  of  his  death.     He  j)ut)lishe(l  a  comic  annual, 
and  a  drama  called  ^lontgomery.  —  Cijd.  Amer- 
ican Literature,  ii.  28. 

FIKMIN,  GlLK.s,  a  ])hysiclan,  was  born  In  Suf- 
folk, and  edticated  at  Cambridge,  England.  His 
father  of  the  same  name  was  chosen  deacon  in 
Boston  in  1033.  He  came  himself  to  this  coun- 
try a.H  early  as  1034.  He  settled  ot  Ipswich, 
wliere  in  1038  he  had  a  grant  of  one  hundred 
and  twenty  acres  of  land.  He  married  the 
daughter  of  llev.  Nathaniel  Ward.  Ai)out  the 
end  of  the  civil  wars  he  returned  to  England,  and 
his  family  followed  him.  Ordained  as  the  minis- 
ter of  Shalford,  he  there  faithfully  preached  the 
gos])el,  until  he  was  ejected  in  1002.  Iletiring 
to  the  village  of  llcdgwell,  seven  or  eight  miles 
distant,  he  practised  physic  and  continued  to 
preach,  having  a  vigorous  constitution,  to  the  last 
Sabbath  of  his  life.  He  died  in  April,  1097,  aged 
upwards  of  80.  He  was  a  man  of  learnhig,  of 
jieace,  and  of  a  public  spirit.  Calamy  gives  a  cnt- 
alogtie  of  his  writings,  among  which  are  the  schism 
of  the  parochial  congregations  in  England  and  or- 
dination, with  an  examination  of  Owen,  and  of 
Noyes' argument  against  imposing  hands,  1058,  and 
the  real  Christian,  1070.  —  Calaiinj's  Acct.  II.  295. 
FISH,  JosiTil,  died  in  1780,  aged  about  72. 
He  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1728  ;  and  was  set- 
tled the  pastor  of  the  north  society  of  Slonlngton, 
Conn.,  Dec.  27,  1732.  He  ])ublishcd  r  sermon  at 
the  ordination  of  W.  VInal,  Newport,  1740;  a 
fast  sermon.  1755;  clecticm  sermon,  17C0;  nine 
sermons  on  Matthew  10 :  18,  concerning  separa- 
tion, about  1707  ;  also,  the  examiner  cxi'mined,  or 
remarks  on  Isaac  Backus'  examination  of  nine 
sermons,  1771. 

FISH,  Ei.isiiA,  minister  of  Upton,  Mas.s.,  died 
in  1795,  aged  about  00.  He  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1750.  Ho  published  a  thanksgiving  ser- 
mon on  the  repeal  of  the  stamp  act,  1707  ;  the 
art  of  war  lawful  and  necessary,  1773  ;  discourLse 
on  Infant  baptism  ;  at  Worcester,  1775. 

FISH,  PiiESKRVED,  died  at  Portsmouth,  11.  I., 
May  17,  1844.  He  was  a  worthy  and  respected 
citi/x'n.  A  Mr.  Fish  with  the  same  christian 
name  died  at  New  York  July  23,  1840,  aged  81. 
FISH,  PiiiXEAR,  died  June  10,  1854,  aged  09. 
He  was  born  at  Sandwich  Jan.  30,  1785,  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  in  1807,  end  was  ordained  at 
Marshjiec  Sojit.  18,  1812,  at  which  place  he  was 
for  more  than  forty  years  a  faithful  missionary  to 


FISHER. 


FISK. 


353 


the  Iiulliins,  aa  the  successor  of  G.  Ilawley.  lie 
jniblislii'il  a  stTiUDii  at  the  orcliiialion  of  S.  ^luii- 
soi!,  lt;irn>tal)le,  ls;jL>. 

I'ISllJ:ii,  llrt;ii,  minister  of  Midway,  Geo., 
died  ill  II'M.  lie  siieceeilvd  Mr.  I^onl,  and  was 
succeeded  by  John  ()si,'o()d.  1  le  iiuhlished  a  ser- 
mon, a  jn-eservalive  from  damnable  error  ;  and  a 
rei)ly  to  Sniith'.s  answer,  IT.'JI. 

l'isni;il,  \.\TiiAMi;i,,  iirst  minister  of  l)i>?hton, 
died  in  1777,  u,L;ed  91.  The  son  of  Daniel,  of 
Dedliam,  he  was  graduated  in  170G ;  and  or- 
dained in   171'-'. 

FJSUKlt,  JAiii;z,  a  jjatriot  of  the  llevolution, 
died  in  Franklin,  Mass.,  Oct.  16,  180(5,  aged  88. 
lie  was  a  iviember  of  the  lu'ovincial  congress  at 
Salem  in  1774,  and  of  that  at  Cambridge  in  177.J, 
and  for  many  years  a  rejjresentative,  councillor, 
and  senator.  He  was  the  associate  of  Adams, 
Gushing,  I'aine,  and  Hancock.  He  was  also  an 
eminent  Christian.  —  Emmnn.i'  Funeral  Sermon. 

FISlIElt,  X.vni.\.Ml.l,,  E])isco])al  minister  of 
Salem,  was  bcrn  at  Dedham  in  1712;  graduated 
in  17(!U;  and  ordained  in  177()  for  a  church  in 
Xova  Scotia.  He  went  to  Salem  in  1781,  and 
died  Dec.  21.',  1812,  on  the  Sabbath,  after  preach- 
ing from  the  text,  "  How  long  have  I  to  live  ?  " 
A  volume  of  his  sermons  was  j)ubh'shcd,  8vo., 
1818. 

FISHEll,  MvKiis,  a  lawyer  at  Philadelphia, 
and  a  Quaker,  died  March  12,  1810,  aged  71. 
He  was  a  man  of  science  and  an  elo(jucnt  orator. 
He  ])ubli.shed  an  answer  to  I'aine's  age  of  reason. 

FISHEll,  Alkxanuku  M.,  a  jirofessor  of  math- 
ematics in  Yale  college,  died  Ajir'l  22,  1822,  aged 
28.  He  was  born  in  I'ranklhi,  Mass.,  in  1794, 
and  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1813.  For  a 
while  he  studied  theology  at  Andover.  He  was 
ajjpointcd  professor  in  1817  as  successor  of  Mr. 
Day,  elected  jjresident.  Anxious  to  enlarge 
his  knowledge  of  the  science  to  wliich  he  was 
devoted,  he  determined  to  make  a  voyage  to 
llurojie.  He  accordingly  sailed  in  the  [jacket 
ship  Albion,  which  was  wrecked  on  the  coast  of 
Ireland  ;  and  he  was  amon;'  those  who  were  lost. 
He  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Dutton.  AVith  ;. 
genius  for  niiithcmatical  iiupiiry,  he  had  made 
great  advances  in  the  higher  branches  of  mathe- 
matics. Some  of  his  investigations  were  pub- 
lished in  Silliman's  journal. 

I'lSIll^K,  Klias,  minister  of  Lemjjster.  N.  H., 
died  in  18ol,  aged  aiiout  82.  He  was  a  gradu- 
ate of  Harvard  in  17l).>;  and  was  ordahied  at  L. 
in  1787.     He  had  been  a  jjreacher  tifty-two  years. 

FISHEU,  JosiiL  A,  M.  J).,  i)resident  of  the 
Massachusetts  medical  sociel''.  died  in  Ueverly 
Marcii2l,  18.'j;j,  aged  84.  He  was  a  graduate  of 
Harvard  in  1700.  He  pubhshed  a  discourse  on 
narcotics.  ISOti. 

FlSHI'Jl,  JoxATHAN,  minister  of  Bluehill,  Me., 
died  Sept.  22,  1848,  aged   nearly  PO.     A  native 
45 


of  New  Uraintrce,  Mass.,  ho  wa.s  a  graduate  of 
Harvard  in  1792,  and,  having  studied  tiieology 
with  Dr.  Tapjiaii.  was  ordained  in  1790.  His 
ministry  in  a  beautiful  town  on  the  seaboard  was 
for  nearly  half  a  century.  He  survived  all  the 
members,  constituting  his  church  at  his  settle- 
ment. The  whole  place  wa.s  sha])ed  and  moulded 
by  his  character  and  efforts.  His  various  labors 
ought  to  be  remembered.  He  wa.s  a  good  far- 
mer, working  on  his  own  farm.  He  toiled  in  the 
structure  of  his  house.  He  made  his  own  clock, 
which  kept  note  of  the  whole  period  of  his  life. 
He  was  a  j)ortrait  jiaintcr  and  copied  some  an- 
cient jiiecei.  1  [e  engraved  on  wood,  with  his 
penknifc;  most  of  the  animals  mentioned  in 
Scrijiture,  and  published  them  with  a  description 
in  a  book.  He  was  a  prolific  jioet.  lie  leanied 
Hebrew,  and  jiroceeded  I'ar  in  writing  a  lexicon. 
He  wrote  out  three  thousand  sermons.  He  was 
so  good  a  walker  as  sometimes  to  walk  to  Ban- 
gor, seventy  miles,  and  home  again.  In  all  liis 
habits  he  was  legular.  A  Ke\ere  Calvinist,  his 
whole  Ufe  "  was  a  j)re-constructed,  fore-ordained 
system ; "  so  much  so,  that,  rising  at  the  call  of 
his  alarm  clock,  it  wa.s  his  ride  that  his  feet  should 
strike  the  floor  before  the  weight  reached  ihe  bot- 
tom. He  was  stern,  severe,  most  faithful.  With 
the  young  he  ever  conversed  most  faithfully ;  all 
his  children  were  pious.  In  lus  jireaching  he  had 
no  gentkness,  no  emotion;  it  was  cold,  hard 
reading.  AVhat  he  had  delirmincd  to  ])reach,  ho 
woidd  j)rea;'h,  no  matter  what  luiexpeetcd  chango 
of  circumstances  might  have  occurred.  Under 
him  the  town  was  remarkable  for  industry  and 
thrift,  for  good  morals,  for  the  j)revalence  of  sound 
religious  principle.  Such  was  his  known  charac- 
ter, that  when  a  scoffer  was  calling  all  ChristiaRS 
hyjjocrites,  and  asked  for  the  name  of  one  who 
was  not,  in  which  ease  he  would  yield  the  argu- 
ment, and  the  name  of  "  fatiii'r  Fisher"  was  ut- 
tered, he  said  :  "  I  refuse  to  accept  him  ;  he  is 
odd  in  every  thing ! "  He  published  a  sermon 
at  the  ordination  of  M.  Steele,  1801,  —  New 
York  Imlenendcut,  Oct.  2,  1851). 

FlSHI'Ui,  llKDWOoi),  died  at  I'liiladeljihia  ]\Iay 
17,  1800,  aged  71.  He  was  an  editor  and  author 
and  statistician  of  large  accpiirements. 

FISK,  ]'iii.Ni;iiA«,  tiie  minister  of  Haddara, 
C(nui.,  died  Oct.  17,  1738,  aged  ,5.").  He  was  tho 
son  of  Dr.  John  Fisk  of  Milfbril,  and  graitdson  of 
llev.  John  Fiske,  —  as  the  name  was  formerly 
written,  —  of  Chelmsford.  His  name  is  tho  fourth 
in  the  catalogue  of  Yale  college;  but  he  never 
studied  at  New  Haven.  It  was  while  tlu'  infant 
seminary  was  at  Killingwortli  il-.at  1.  ■  ))ursued  his 
studies  in  it,  and  was  grai!  lated  in  170-1  in  acla.ss 
of  throe  persons.  M'hen  tiie  college  was  removed 
to  Saybrook,  in  1700,  he  was  ,i])pointed  a  tutor, 
and  remained  such  till  171.'].  and  had  for  years 
the  almost  sole  care  of  the  college,  as  Mr.  An  • 


354 


FISK. 


\ 


Wr 


a 


i^ 


drew,  the  rnctor,  refiidcd  at  Milford.  About  forty 
students  were  cducaic'.l  under  liini.  In  1711  he 
was  settled  at  Iladdam.  lie  was  a  stiiolur,  and 
spoke  Latin  fli  jntlv ;  he  was  also  a  physician, 
skilled  in  the  treatment  of  insanity  and  eijilepsy. 
Hi''  daughter  married  a  l)rother  of  D.  Urahierd. 
Ho  jjuhlished  an  election  sermon. 

FISK,  Pmn-y,  a  missionary,  died  Oct.  23, 1825 
aged  33.     lie  was  l)orn  at  .Shelhurnr,  Mass.,  June 
24,  17U2.     Ilis  fatlier,  Ebenczer,  died  in   1841, 
aged  92  :  he  came  to  S.  when  it  was  a  wilder- 
ness.    At  the  affu  of  sixteen   he  became  jiious. 
He  was  graduated  at  Middlebury  college  in  1814. 
In  his  indigence  ho  lived  two  years  on  bread  and 
milk  J  nor  was  ho  ashamed  to  carry  his  corn  to 
mill  ujjon  his  shoulders.    A  good  woman  baked  | 
his   loaf  for  him.     Having  studied   theology  at 
Andover,  where  he  was  one  of  the  "  grouj)  of  i 
stars,"  commemorated   by  "Wilcox,  he   was   cm- 
ployed  as  an  agent  for  the  board  of  foreign  mis- 
sions  one   year,   and  then  sailed   a>v  Palestine 
with  Mr.  Parsons,  Nov.  3,  1819.     On  arriving  at 
Smyrna  Jan.  lo,  1820,  they  engaged  in  the  study  [ 
of  the  eastern  languages  ;  but  in  a  few  montl:    ;'e-  j 
moved  to  Scio,  in  ord'  r  to  study  modern  Greek  ; 
under  professor  15aml»ii«.      The  college  at   Scio  ' 
then  had  seven  or  eight  hundred  students.     Put : 
in  1821  the  island  was  desolated  by  the  barbar- 
ous Turks.    In    1822  he  accom])anied  to  F.gypt 
his  fellow  laborer,  Mr.  Parsons,  and  witnessed  his  \ 
death   and   buried  him  in   the   Greek  convent.  | 
From  Egypt  he  proceeded  in  April,  1H23,  through 
the  desert  to  Judea,  accom])anied  by  Mr.  King 
and   Mr.  AVolff.     Having  visited  Jerusalem,  he  i 
went  to  Beyroot,  liaalbce,  Pamascus,  Alepjio,  and  i 
Aiitioch.     lie   made  a  third  visit  to  Jerusalem  i 
with  Mr.  King.     A\'hen  he  witiidrew  from  Jeru- 
salem in  tlie  sprhig  of  182o,  he  retired  to  the  ; 
mission  family  of  Mr.  Goodell   and  Mr.  Bird  at  j 
Beyroot,  where  he  died  of  a  prevailing  fever.    He 
was  eminently  quahfied  to  bo  a  missionary  in  the  | 
east.      He  was  a   j)reacher  in   Italian,  FreiK-h, 
modern  Greek,  and  Aral>io.     lie  had  been  em- 
ployed in  j)re])aring  a  dictionary  in  English  and 
Arabic,  and  on  the  day  of  his  seizure  bj-  bis  sick- 
ncsD,  he  had  ])iit  down  against  the  last  l«^.ter  of 
the   Engli.sh    alphabet  the   last  word  which  he 
knew  in  Araliic.     His  vari'/iis  comnumications  are 
foinid    in    several    volumes   </f    the    Missiona-'-y 
Herald.  — Bomi'--'  Memo^i'  of  FUk.  ■ 

FISK,  Is.uf,  an  a8si.sta»*  miiuBonary,  died  at  \ 
Elliot  among  the  Choctaws  i*)  1820,  after  a  iaith- 
ful  service  of  one  year.     He  w^  from  Holden, , 
Mass.,  in  April  1819.  I 

FISK,  JosKi'ii,  physiciai'  in  Lexington,  Mas.s.,  \ 
died  in  1837,  aged  8;). 

FLSK,  Ezu.\,  J).  I).,  yrofewtor  of  ecclesiastical 
history  in  AVestern  theological  Mwinary,  died  in  , 
Pliiladelphir.   Dee.,  1833,   aged   aU/ut  45.      He  ^ 
graduated  at  Williams  college  in  1809.  \ 


FISKE. 

FISK,  WiLDi-n,  I).  D.,  prciidrnt  of  the  AA'cs- 
lyan  mnversity  in  Middletown,  Conn.,  died  there 
I'eb.  22,  18311,  aged  4(!.  He  was  graduated  at 
Brown  university  in  1815,  and  was  apjiointed 
])residenL  in  I83I.  He  was  much  respected  a.id 
deejily  lamented.  He  jniblished  inaugural  ad- 
dress, 1831;  travels  in  Europe. 

FISK,  I'^i.i.siiA,  minister  of  AVrentham,  died 
Jan.  11,  1851,  aged  81.  A  graduate  of  Brown 
university  in  1795,  he  was  ordained  in  1799,  and 
wis  in  at'ive,  useful  service  during  his  whole  life. 
His  jnx'decessors  were  Mann,  Messinger,  and 
Bean.  He  published  a  sermon  at  Boston,  1793; 
two  anniversary  sermons,  184G;  a  half-century 
sermon  in  June,  1850. 

FISKE,  John,  first  minister  of  Wenham  and 
Chelmsford,  Mass.,  died  Jan.  14,  1C77,  aged  7G. 
He  was  born  in  England  in  lUOl,  and  was  edu- 
cated at  Cambridge.  He  came  to  this  country  in 
1037,  and,  being  in  the  same  ship  with  John  Allen, 
they  preached  two  sermons  almost  every  day 
during  t'ie  voyage.  He  was  for  some  time  the 
teacher  of  a  school  at  Cambridge.  As  his  ]n'op- 
erty  was  large,  he  made  considerable  loans  to  the 
province.  He  hved  almost  three  years  at  Salem, 
preaching  to  the  church,  and  instructing  a  num- 
i)er  of  young  persons.  AVhen  a  church  was 
gathered  in  Enon,  or  AVenham,  Oct.  8,  1G44,  he 
was  settled  the  minister,  and  here  he  conthiaed 
till  about  the  year  1()5G,  when  he  removed  to 
Chelmsford,  then  a  new  town,  with  the  majority 
of  his  church,  and  was  there  an  able  and  u.  eful 
jireacher  twenty  years.  He  was  a  skilfid  jjhysician, 
as  well  as  an  excellent  minister.  His  son,  !Moses, 
was  minister  of  Braintree.  Among  the  severest 
afHictions  to  which  he  was  called,  says  Dr.  Mather, 
,  :is  the  loss  of  his  concordance ;  that  is,  of  his 
wile,  who  was  so  exj)ert  in  the  Scrijjtures  as  to 
render  any  other  concordance  unnecessary.  He 
jjublished  a  catechism,  entitled,  the  olive-branch 
watered. — Miif/iialia,  ill,  141-143;  Hist.  Coll. 
VI.  239-249. 

FISKE,  AIosES,  minister  of  Braintree,  Mass., 
died  Aug.  10,  1708,  aged  G5,  in  the  thirty-sixlh 
year  of  h's  ministry.  Ho  graduated  at  Harvard 
in  1CG2,  in  the  class  ot  S.  Stoddard.  He  suc- 
ceeded Mr.  I'"lint,  and  v.as  ordahied  Sept.  11, 1G72. 

FISKE,  John,  minister  of  Killingly,  Conn., 
died  in  1773,  aged  89.  Ho  was  a  graduate  of 
Harvard  in  1702. 

FISKE,  X.VTIIAN,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Brookfield, 
Mass.,  was  born  in  AVeston  in  1733.  He  was 
jjfraduatcd  at  Harvard  in  1754,  and  ordained 
pastor  of  the  chin-chin  the  third  parish  in  Brook- 
field,  May  28,  1758.  Here  he  continued  more 
than  forty  j  ears.  .j\i\er  preaching  on  the  Lord's 
day.  Not.  24,  1799,  he  retired  to  his  bed  at  his 
{jm<nn\  hour  in  a])parent  lit-atth.  and  in  ",  short  time 
(ti«l  withow  a  struggle,  aged  GG.  By  incessant 
stuAy   he  ^rttduaUy   perfected   his   talents,   and 


FISKK. 


Firni. 


355 


paiiKul  tlio  pulilic  esteem.     In  prosperity  and  ud- ! 
vrr--ify  lie   |,o  •(•  sed   the  same  serenity  of  miiul.  , 
With  a  Miiiill  sakiry  lie  rduiui  UR'ims  to  practiie  a  I 
generous  liosj/itality.  ami  to  ;i;ive  tiirec  sons  a  col- 
lep;ial  eilucalion.     lie  puMished  a  sermon  on  the 
settlement  and  j^rowtli  of  lirookfield,  delivered 
Dec.  ;jl,  177.') ;  at  a  ftist,  177(5;  on  the  death  of 
Joshua  S]i()on(v,   177S;  of  Judf,'e  Fostt  !•,  177!); 
of  J.  llohljs.  17.SI;  an  oration  on  the  capture  of 
Cornwallis,  ();t.,  17H1  :  sermons  on  various  sul)- 
ject!-',   8vo.    1701;   Dudlcian  lecture,    17'J(i;    the 
moral  monitor,  2  vols,  llimo.  1H()1.  — Preface  to 
Mniitnr;  Mnntlibj  Aniliol.  I.  030. 

I'lSKl''.  Cai.kh,  M.  D.,  died  at  Scituate,  R.  I., 
Dec.  .'5(»,  1K,'j(,  aged  S'J. 

FiSKi:,  Oi.ivi.u,  M.  ]).,  died  at  Boston,  Jan. 
25,  1S,J7,  a;,'e(l  iihout  7().  A  son  of  Jtev.  Mr.  F. 
of  I'rookfield,  he  was  a  graduate  of  17K7,  and 
lonj,'  a  jihysician  in  Worcester.  Ho  filled  with 
honor  various  olHccs.  He  puhlishod  oration,  1707; 
addresses  to  agricult\n-al  society,  182^5  and  lH;jl. 

I'lSKK,  Catiiahixk,  Miss,  for  thirty-eight  years 
a  ilisiingnished  Icacher,  died  in  Keene,  X.  II.,  in 
July  or  August,  18137,  aged  (J'-i.  Itorn  in  Wor- 
cester, her  mother  removed  to  Xewfane,  Vf.  At 
fifteen  she  began  to  teach ;  she  instituted  the 
female  seminary  in  Keene  hi  1814,  in  which  she 
spent  the  remainder  of  her  life.  More  than 
2,500  jjupils  from  various  States  were  under  her 
care.  She  had  remarkable  ])owers,  superintend- 
ing her  household  and  farm,  and  teaching  various 
sciences,  and  maintaining  discii)line,  and  retmning 
affection.  She  was  jjious.  After  various  bequests, 
the  whole  of  her  pro))erty,  all  acquired  by  hi'rself, 
she  gave  for  an  insane  hospital. —  llitrxldiiys  lliaij- 
niplnj,  ill  /'rcorili'i;  Sejit.  1. 

Fl'sKF,  Mo.sKs,  died  in  1843,  aged  83,  brother 
of  Rev.  ])r.  John  F.  He  was  the  son  of  I'eter, 
of  Sherburne,  and  a  descendant  of  David,  of 
WaU'rtown  in  1()38.  He  was  an  able  tutor  at 
Dartmouth  from  1788  to  1705;  he  began  to 
preach,  but  was  never  ordained.  About  1700  he 
emigrated  to  Hilham,  in  Tennessee,  where  he 
sjient  the  remaining  period  of  his  life,  more  than 
forty  years.  After  the  ago  of  fifty  he  married 
and  had  nine  children.  He  was  a  farmer  and  an 
excellent  scholar,  an  encourager  of  learning,  a 
friend  of  the  needy  and  desjMnding.  He  ab- 
horred slavery,  and  would  never  own  a  slave. 
He  edited  (he  "Fagle"  at  Dartmouth,  and  pub- 
lished an  I'^nglish  gramtnar,  1772;  a  sermon  on 
slavery,  in  1705,  from  ICccl.  4  :  I.  —  American 
Qiiiti-ierli/  Reijitytcr,  1840,  p.  382. 

FISKE,  Nathan  W.,  jjrofessor  of  Greek  at 
Amherst  college,  died  .May  27,  1847.  A  grad- 
uate of  Dartmouth  in  1817,  he  was  appohited 
professor  in  1825,  and  professor  of  moral  philos- 
ophy and  meli.physics  in  1830.  An  account  of 
his  life  and  writings  was  written  by  Dr.  Hum- 
phrey,   He  published  a  valuable  work, — a  manual 


of  classical  literature,  from  the  German  of  Esch- 
enliiirg,  with  adtlitions,  3d  edit.,  IMl. 

FISKi;.  John,  D.  D.,  died  at  New  Iiraintrc^ 
Mass.,  March  15,  1855,  aged  84.  He  was  the 
l)rother  of  Moses,  of  Tennessee.  A  graduate  of 
Dartmouth  in  1701,  and  a  member  of  the  college 
church,  lie  was  ordained  as  a  missionary  to  the 
Seneca  Indians  in  1704;  and  he  ])reached  twenty 
sermons  at  Geneva,  which  then  had  five  log 
houses  and  two  framed  ones.  He  was  settled 
fifty-seven  years.  Of  Amherst  college  he  was  a 
trustee.  He  was  a  highly  respected  and  very 
useful  man,  and  he  died,  as  he  wished,  in  a  sound 
and  hapj)y  old  age,  with 

'•  Tliat  wliiili  nlioulil  ai-oompany  old  age, 
As  lienor,  lovi'.  obcdiuu'e,  troops  of  fricLiU." 

He  published  a  fast  sermon,  1812.  —  Snell's  Fu- 
neral Serninn. 

FISKE,  TiiAnDF.rs,  D.  D.,  the  oldest  ministp'- 
in  Massachusetts,  died  in  Charlestown  No\.  14, 
1855.  aged  03.  He  was  born  in  W^eston  June  22, 
1702,  graduated  in  1785,  and  at  his  death  there 
was  only  one  living  graduate  older,  Asa  Andrews, 
of  Ip.iwich,  of  the  class  of  1783.  He  was  minis- 
ter of  West  Cambridge  forty  years,  from  1788  to 
1828,  and  survived  three  of  his  successors  in  the 
ministry,  D.  Damon,  AV.  Ware,  and  J.  F.  Brown. 
He  published  a  thanksgiving  sermijn,  1705. 

FITCH,  JamIvS,  first  minister  of  Saybrook,  and 
of  Norwich,  Conn.,  died  Nov.  IS,  1702,  aged  79. 
He  V(us  born  in  the  county  of  Essex,  England, 
Dec.  'Jt,  1022,  and  came  to  this  country  in  1038. 
He  had  already  acrjuired  a  correct  knowledge  of 
the  learned  languages)  bnl  he  spent  seven  years 
under  the  instruction  of  Mr.  Hooker  and  Mr. 
Stone.  In  1040  he  was  ordained  over  a  church, 
which  was  at  that  tiree  gathered  at  Saybrook,  and 
it  is  said  thai,  the  b"r'!'ren's  hands  only  were  im- 
posed. In  1000  ;;  emo'cd  with  the  greater 
jiart  of  his  church  to  Norwich,  and  in  that  town 
jiasscd  the  remaining  nctive  days  of  his  life. 
AVhen  the  infirmities  of  age  obliged  him  to  cease 
from  his  j)ub]ic  labors,  he  retired  to  his  children 
at  Lebaiior.,  By  his  first  wife,  Abigail,  daughter 
of  Rev.  Henry  AVliitefield,  he  had  two  sons,  James 
and  Samuel,  and  four  daughters  •  by  his  second 
wife,  Priscilla,  daughter  of  Maj.  John  Mason,  of 
Norwich,  he  had  seven  sons,  Daniel,  John,  Jere- 
miah, and  J  abez,  Nathaniel,  Joseph,  and  Eleazer, 
and  one  daughter;  and  all  lived  to  have  families, 
excepting  Elea/.er. 

His  brother  Thoma.s,  o*"  Norwalk,  was  the  father 
of  Gov.  Thomas  Fitch.  He  was  distinguished 
for  the  pcnetra'.ion  of  his  mind,  the  energy  of  his 
preaching,  and  the  sanctity  of  liis  life.  lie  was 
acquainted  with  the  JNIoliegan  language,  and 
preached  the  gos])el  of  salvation  to  the  Indians  in 
the  neighboihood  of  Norwich.  He  even  gave 
Eome  of  his  own  lands  to  induce  them  to  renounce 


356 


FITCII. 


their  savago  manner  of  livinf^.  The  deRccndants 
of  those  Indians  ut  Molicj^iin,  for  \vhose  lieiiclit 
he  toiled,  liave  hcen  carci'ully  iiistnictcd  in  reh'^- 
ion  by  some  self-dein inji;  ('hristiuns,  liiive  iiad  a 
meetiiirjf-liouse  huilt  for  them  hy  tlie  Hiieralityof 
the  citizens  of  Xorwioh  and  other  towns,  and  have 
received  an  appropriation  IVom  tlie  war  de])art- 
mcnt  of  a  few  Inmdred  dollars.  A  letter  of  liis 
on  the  subject  of  his  missionary  labors  is  j)ub- 
lished  in  Gookin.  lie  imblislied  a  sermon  on  the 
death  of  Ainie,  wife  of  Maj.  Mason,  ](i72;  the 
advice  of  council  exjjlained,  UiS.'J.  —  MatJier\'i 
Maijnnlia,  in.  200;  Trnmhidl's  Counect'cut,  I. 
107',  29!),  ,102,  503;  Hint.  Coll.  I.  208 ;  IX.  80 ;  Al- 
dcn'n  Arrt)iiiil  (if  I'drtxmoiith. 

I'lrCII,  J.\i)i-:z,  mhiistcr  of  Portsmouth,  X.  II., 
was  the  son  of  the  jn-ecoding,  and  was  born  at 
Norwich  in  A]n'il,  1C72.  lie  was  p;raduated  at 
Harvard  in  IGOl.  In  1703  ho  was  ordained  at 
Ipswich  •<  colleague  of  John  Itogers.  On  ac- 
count o*'  t;io  incoraj;ptency  of  his  maintenance,  he 
withdrew  f:  on;  :iis  pastoral  ofHco  in  Dec,  1723, 
and  about  the  year  1725  was  established  atl'orts- 
mouth.  After  continuin<f  here  more  than  twenty 
years,  he  died  Nov.  22, 1740,  aged  74.  He  had  a 
taste  for  liistorical  researches,  and  began  in  1728  to 
make  a  collection  of  facts  relative  to  N.  II.  ])r. 
Belknap  had  access  to  his  jjajicrs.  He  published  a 
sermon  on  the  death  of  Mary  Martyn  ;  one  occa- 
sioned by  the  great  earthquake,  Oct.  29,  1727;  at 
the  ordination  of  John  Tucker,  at  Gosjwrt,  Isle  of 
Shoals,  in  1732,  from  thesi.>  words :  "  I  will  make  you 
fishers  of  men  ; "  two  sermons  designed  to  make 
a  rehgious  im])rovenicnt  of  the  throat  distemper, 
wliich  prevailed  in  1735  and  1730;  and  an  ac- 
count of  that  disease,  as  it  appeared  in  New 
Hampshire.  —  Alden's  Account  of  Sociefi/  in 
Portsmonih ;  Hist.  Coll.  Vii.  251,  257;  X.  50. 

FITCII,  Elijah,  minister  of  Ilopkinton,  Mass., 
died  in  178S,  aged  42.  He  was  a  graduate  of 
Yale  in  1705.  He  published  a  poem  in  blank 
verse,  entitled  the  beauties  of  religion. 

FITCH,  John,  inventor  of  steamboats,  died  of 
a  broken  heart  at  Bardstown,  Ky.,  in  1798,  aged 
65.  Born  in  Windsor,  Conn.,  he  was  lirst  an  ap- 
prentice to  a  clock-maker,  and  was  then  a  silver- 
smith in  Trenton.  Being  j)lundercd  by  the  Brit- 
ish, he  was  next  a  soldier.  He  purchased  land  in 
Kentucky,  and  was  there  detained  a  prisoner  some 
years  by  the  Indians.  In  1782  he  regained  his 
liberty.  In  1786,  after  various  experiments,  he 
ran  his  boat  at  the  rote  of  eight  miles  an  hour, 
and  obtained  a  patent ;  but  the  want  of  funds  in- 
terrupted the  prosecution  of  his  designs.  In 
1798  his  privilege  in  New  York  was  withdrawn 
and  given  to  Livingston.  —  Scientific  American, 
1848,  ]).  25. 

FITCH,  Ebexezer,  D.  D.,  died  at  WestBIoom- 
ficld,  N.  Y.,  March  21,  1833,  aged  77.  He  was 
e  graduate  of  Yale  in  1777  ;  the  fii-st  president  of 


FLETCHER. 

Williams  college,  from  1793  to  1815,  when  lie  re- 
signed, and  was  pucctcded  by  ])r.  Moore.  The 
rest  of  his  life  was  spent  in  the  ministry  in 
Hloomfield.  He  was  a  benevolent  man  and  an 
excellent  Christian.  The  following  anecdote  has 
been  heard, —  which  ought  to  be  true,  and  ])rob- 
ably  is, —  that  in  his  |)overty  as  a  ])oor  minister  at 
the  west,  a  IViond  jn'esented  him  with  one  or  two 
thousand  dollars ;  and  that  friend  was  W.  F. 
Backus,  a  graduate  of  1802,  whom  he  had  as- 
sisted in  his  struggles  to  obtain  an  education.  ])r. 
F.  had  a  wife  as  good  and  benevolent  as  himself. 

]-'ITZIIUGlI,  AViU.iAM  IlKMiY,  vice-])resident 
of  the  colonization  society,  the  son  of  AVilliam  F., 
a  patriot  of  the  revolution,  was  born  at  Chatham, 
Stafford  county,  Va.,  March  8,  1792,  and  gradu- 
ated at  Princeton  in  1808.  He  afterwards  settled 
on  the  patrimonial  domain  of  ]{avensworth,  Fair- 
fax county,  devoung  iiimself  to  agricultural  ]iiir- 
si  its,  and  rcceivhig  with  generous  hospitality  his 
numerous  friends.  He  died  at  Cambridge,  Md., 
of  the  apoplexy,  ^lay  21,  1830,  aged  38.  His 
wife  was  the  daughter  of  Charles  (Joldsborough, 
of  Dorset,  Md.  He  published  in  favor  of  the 
colonization  society  the  essays  of  Ojjimius  in  the 
Richmond  Inquirer  of  1826;  a  speech  at  the 
ninth  anniversary,  and  a  review  of  Tazewell's  re- 
port in  African  llepository,  Aug.  and  Nov.,  1828. 
In  one  of  his  writings  he  represents,  "  that  the 
labor  of  the  slave  is  a  curse  on  the  land  on 
which  it  is  expended."  —  African  Repository,  iv, 
91-96. 

FLAGG,  John,  a  physician  and  patriot,  died  at 
Lynn  in  1793,  aged  49.  He  was  the  son  of  Rev. 
Ebenezer  F.,  of  Chester,  N.  H.,  and  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  17G1.  He  belonged  to  the  medical 
society,  and  had  full  practice.  —  Thacher. 

FLAGG,  Ebexezer,  died  Nov.  14,  1796,  aged 
92.  The  son  of  Ebenezer,  of  Woburn,  he  grad- 
uated at  IliU'vard  in  1725,  and  was  ordained  in 
1736  at  Chester,  N.  II. 

FLAGG,  Thomas  Coleixs,  an  eminent  physi- 
cian of  Charleston,  S.  C,  died  in  1801.  He  was 
of  the  order  of  the  Cincinnati. 

FJyEET,  Thomas,  an  eminent  printer  in  Bos- 
ton, died  July  21,  1758,  aged  72.  He  was  a  man 
of  a  fine  understanding  and  knowledge  of  the 
world,  and  of  great  industry,  just  and  benev- 
oleni.  — iV.  E.  Journal,  July  24,  1758. 

FLETCHER  Bridget,  "wife  of  Timothy  F., 
of  Westford,  died  about  1770,  aged  about  44. 
Her  hymns  and  sjiiritual  songs,  a  small  volume, 
was  published  by  her  son.  Rev.  Elijah  F.,  in 
1773. 

FLETCHER,  Elijah,  minister  of  Hopkinton, 
N.  H.,  was  born  in  AVestford,  and  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1769.  He  was  ordained  Jan.  27, 
1772,  and  died  April  8,  1786,  aged  39.  Five 
ministers  had  been  settled  before  him  in  II.  He 
was   the  worthy  patron  of  students;  and  one 


FLETHIER. 


FI,INT. 


357 


whom  he  prcjinrcd  for  collpfjp  nnd  nsslstrd,  was 
I'rosident  Wi'l)l)or,  wlio  ever  at'knowli'<l<;i'(l  his 
ohlifjntions.  His  throe  dmighters  ninrried  Josiiih 
White,  of  Pittsfield,  X.  II.,  Israel  W.  Kelley,  of 
Snhsbury,  N.  H,,  and  Daniel  Wehster.  His  son 
Timothy  was  nmercliant  in  Portland.  His  widow 
married  Rev.  Christo])her  rai}j;e,  of  Salis')iirv. 

FLiyrC'HKU,  TiiMMAs.dicd  in  SouthwickDec. 
4,  IHIO,  aged  5.5,  in  the  twenty-third  year  of  his 
ministry.  Ho  was  one  of  those  \nu)l)trusivc  men 
of  wide  usefulness,  who  will  ho  held  hy  wise  and 
good  beings  ir  eternal  honor.  Porn  in  New 
I])swich  in  1790,  ho  took  charge  of  the  academy 
at  Khidcrhook  Landing  in  lbl8.  Ilcmotofrom  a 
])lacc  of  public  worship,  he  organized  a  Sabbath 
school  and  conducted  tl:e  worship ;  through 
God's  blessing  one  hundred  and  twcnty-lvu  per- 
sons wore  soon  his  converts  and  admitted  to  the 
church.  IIo  now  studied  divinity  three  years 
with  Ur.  Livingston,  of  Coxsackie,  and  was  then 
ordained  at  Sehaghticoke  Point  in  1824.  In  six 
years  there  were  two  special  revivals  of  the 
power  of  religion.  Afterwards  ho  was  settled  at 
Northeast  and  New  Marlborougli,  and  then  at 
Southwick  for  ten  years.  He  died  in  great  peace. 
FLINN,  AxDUKW,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Charles- 
ton, S.  C,  had  been  previously  the  minister  of 
Camden  seven  or  eight  years,  and  removed  to 
Charleston  about  1808.  lie  died  Feb.  25,  1820, 
rejoicing  in  the  hope  of  eternal  life.  As  a  minis- 
ter he  was  faithful  and  zealous.  He  published  a 
sermon  on  the  death  of  Judge  Wilds,  1810;  a 
dedication  sermon,  1811. 

FLINT,  Hexuy,  one  of  the  first  ministers  of 
Braintree,  Mass.,  died  April  27,  IGliS,  aged  G8. 
Ho  was  ordained  as  teacher  March  17,  1G40. 
When  the  church  was  first  organized  Scjit.  10, 
1639,  ho  was  chosen  colleague  with  Mr.  Thomp- 
son, who  was  ordained  pastor  Sept.  24th  ;  but  his 
settlement  was  delayed  for  a  few  months.  lie 
was  a  man  of  jjioty  and  integri'  y,  and  well  quali- 
fied for  the  work  of  the  ministry.  His  wife  was 
Margery,  sister  of  President  Hoar.  His  son, 
Josiah  Flint,  was  settled  at  Dorchester  in  1071 
and  died  in  1080.  —  M,ignaUa,  III.  122;  Ilan- 
cock's  Cent.  Serm.;  Morton,  200;  Winthrop,  188; 
Holmes. 

FLINT,  IlENUY,  tutor  and  fellow  of  Harvard 
college,  was  the  son  of  Josiah  Flint  of  Dorches- 
ter, and  received  his  degree  of  bachelor  of  arts  in 
1093.  IIo  was  chosen  a  fellow  of  the  college  in 
1700,  and  in  1705  was  api)ointed  tutor.  This 
office  he  sustained  till  his  resignation  Sept.  25, 
1754.  Ho  died  Feb.  13,  1700,  aged  84.  Many 
of  ^hc  most  eminent  men  in  the  country  were 
educated  under  his  care.  Dr.  Chauncy  pro- 
nounces him  a  solid,  judicious  man,  and  one  of 
the  best  of  jjreachers.  The  few  foibles,  which  he 
exhibited,  were  ascribed  to  his  living  in  a  single 
state.    In  his  last  illness  he  viewed  the  approach 


of  death  with  ]ierfiTt  calmness,  for  he  trusted  in 
tlie  mercv  of  (iod  tlinnigli  the  merits  of  Ciirist. 
He  piil)lislu'd  two  sermons  on  the  last  judgment, 
IHl  1 ;  an  ap]>eal  to  the  consciences  of  a  degener- 
ate jjeojjle,  a  sermon  ]>r('ach('d  at  the  Thursday 
lecture  in  Iloston,  17'J9;  a  lennon  to  the  students 
in  the  colloire  ludl.  1730;  oratio  funeliris  in  obi- 
tum  It.  Wadsworlh,  173H;  twenty  serniwiis,  8vo. 
1739.  — Ap^ililiniK  Fun.  S<-,-m. ;  Lucell's  Oiatio 
Fniirh.  ;  Hilt.  Coll.  I.X.  18... ;  X.  1G5. 

FLINT,  Aiti:r,,  D.  D.,  minister  of  the  second 
church  in  Hartford,  was  lorn  in  Windham  Aug. 
(i,  I'M;  graduated  at  Yide  f'ollege  in  17N5;  and 
died  March  7,  1N2./,  aged  5!!.  He  published  a 
sermon  on  the  death  of  the  wife  of  ]{ev.  A. 
Yates,  IHOG;  of  John  MX'urdy  Strong,  1800;  a 
system  of  geometry  and  trigonometry,  with  a 
treatise  on  surveying,  IHOG;  o  id  a  translation  of 
some  of  Massillon's  and  liourdaloue's  sermons. 

FLINT,  J.\ron,  minister  of  Cohasset,  died  in 
1835,  aged  about  00.  IJorn  in  Heading,  he  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  in  1794,  and  was  ordained  Jan. 
10,  1798.  He  published  a  history  of  Cohasset  in 
the  historical  collections,  3d  series,  vol.  II. ;  two 
discourses  on  the  history  of  Cohasset,  1821 ;  a 
discourse  on  the  doctrine  of  the  trinity,  1821. 

FLINT,  Timothy,  died  at  Kcading,  Mass., 
Aug.  18,  1840,  aged  GO.  He  was  born  in  Head- 
ing, was  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1800,  and  was 
the  minister  of  Lunenburg,  then  a  missionary  in 
the  Mississippi  valley.  Afterwards  ho  lived  in 
Cincinnati,  and  was  a  resident  on  lied  River,  La. 
His  writings  are  interesting  and  valuable.  He 
])ublishcd  recollections  of  the  Irst  ten  years  in  the 
valley  of  tlo  Mississippi;  history  and  geography 
of  the  Mississippi  valley,  2  vols.  1832;  Francis 
Rerrian,  or  the  Mexican  patriot ;  George  ^lason, 
or  the  young  backwoodsman,  1829;  Western 
Review,  "l  830. 

FLINT,  Au.STix,  doctor,  died  at  Leicester  Aug. 
29,  1850,  aged  90.  Rorn  in  Shrewsbury  Jan.  4, 
17G0,  he  was  the  son  of  Dr.  Edward  Flint;  both 
father  and  son  were  eminent  jiatriots,  surgeons 
and  physicians  in  the  army.  Dr.  Austin  F.  was 
at  the  age  of  twenty-one  in  Drury's  reg'ment  at 
West  Point  in  1781.  He  married  the  daughter 
of  Col.  William  Henshaw  of  L.,  a  distinguished 
officer  in  the  Revolution.  He  was  a  man  of 
judgment,  of  independence,  of  principle,  and  fear- 
less in  the  expression  of  his  princiiilos  and  senti- 
ments; cheerful  and  good-humored,  the  sick  and 
the  well  were  glad  to  sec  him.  His  son.  Dr. 
Joseph  H.  F.,  died  before  him.  —  V/ashhurn. 

FLINT,  Jamks,]X  1).,  died  in  Salem  March  4, 
1855,  aged  73.  He  was  born  in  Reading  Dec. 
10,  1781,  was  graduated  in  1802,  studied  divini'y 
with  J.  Bates,  and  was  ordained  at  East  Bridge- 
water  Oct.  29,  1806.  With  a  poetic  taste  and  a 
taste  for  horticulture,  ho  greatly  embellished  the 
grounds  about  his  house.    At  his  reques'  he  was 


358 


FLOKA. 


M\i 


dismissed  Ai.ril  0,  IH'.M  ;  ;iih1  wns  instiillccl  over  | 
the  east   dnircli  in   Salciii  S(')it.  L'd,  IKL'l,  as  ihe  ' 
Huecessor   of    William    lliiilli  v.     He  had   a  eol- 
leaf,'tie,  Dexter   Clapi),   Dee.  I    ,   1H,>1.     He  liad  ; 
"ready  luiiiior,  lively  sympaih).  and  rare  eonver- 1 
sationa!  jjowers."     lie   |iiili|i  lied    some   imetienl 
jiroihietions  ;    alsii.  at  didiiiation  of  X.   Wiulninn, 
181 1;    eleidnii   h(iMiiiii,    1K15;    anniversary   dis- 
eonrsu    at    I'lyinonlh,    IHMj    at    ordination  of 
S.  Alden,  18L'()i  on  ilie  death  of  Dr.  AI)l)ott,  1H2H. 

l''l.()Il.\,  a  lilaek  woman,  died  at  llarhor  island, 
IHOH,  af?ed  1.)().  Horn  In  Africa  in  lO.jS,  she  was 
carried  to  Jamaica,  then  to  Nassau,  and  sold  to 
W.  Thoni|i.'^(in.  She  was  free  forty-eight  jeai's 
helUie  her  denlh. 

FLOYD,  Wii.i.j.\M,  preiieral, died  Aur.  4, 1821, 
a}j;ed  H(i.  He  was  the  son  of  Xic(!ll  F.,  an  opulent 
landholder,  whose  ancestors  eamo  tVom  Wales 
nnd  setH  d  on  Long  Island.  He  was  horn  Dec. 
17,  17U'.  I'is  education  was  imperfect  j  hut  he 
acquired  much  kno\vle(lf,^e  liy  intercourse  witli  the 
Illll'lli^H  't-  lie  WM  a  delej,'ate  to  tlie  confijress  of 
177'  a'-  I  continued  a  member  till  alU-r  Ihe  Dec- 
laration of  Independence.  AVhcn  the  British 
(  jjos'-eeMon  of  Lonf^  Island,  his  family  fled 
(■J-  'tilely  to  Conncctieni  t  his  house  was  occupied 
b)  troops  ;  and  for  nearly  seven  jears  he  was  an 
exile  f  e  H  dwelhn^  and  derived  no  benefit 

from  Lis  landed  estate.  In  Oct.,  177H,  lu  was 
again  a  member  of  couf^rcss,  and  was  frequently 
a  member  of  the  legislature  of  the  State.  In 
1784  he  purcliased  a  tract  of  land  at  Western, 
Oneida  county,  on  tlie  Moliawk;  and  this,  ()y  tlie 
labor  of  several  sinnmers,  he  converted  into  a 
good  farm,  to  which  he  removed  his  family  in 
1803.  He  left  a  widow  and  children.  Three  of 
the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 
sm'vivcd  him.  His  manners  were  not  familiar, 
nor  was  his  disi)osition  aflhble ;  yet  in  ])ublic  life 
he  was  jiatriotic  and  indejiendent,  and  for  more 
than  filfy  years  was  honored  with  the  confidence 
of  his  fellow  citizens. —  (foodn'ch's  Lirci. 

FLOYD,  Joiix,  governor,  died  at  Sweet 
Springs,  Va.,  Aug.  KJ,  1837.  lie  was  a  member 
of  congress  from  1S17  to  1829,  and  governor  of 
Va.  from  1820  to  1834. 

FLOYD,  John,  general,  died  in  Camden 
county,  Geo.,  June  24.  183i),  aged  70. 

FOBES,  PerIj!,  LL.  D.,  professor  of  mathc- 
matics,  was  graduated  at  Harvard  in  17()2,  and 
ordahicd  minisicr  of  llapiham  Nov.  19,  170(5. 
In  1780  he  was  elecHjd  jirofessor  of  the  college 
in  Rhode  Island.  He  died  Feb.  23,  1812,  aged 
70.  His  wife  \ras  the  daughter  of  John  Wales, 
minister  of  llaynluim.  lie  published  a  history  of 
Ilaynham :  sermon  on  death  of  Pre.sident  Man- 
ning. 1791 ;  election  sermon,  1795. 

FOGG,  D.VNiF.i,,  a  physician  in  Braintrce,  died 
in  1830,  aged  71. 

FOLGEll,  Peter,  was  the  son  of  John  F.  of 


FOLLOW. 

Norwich,  England  J  was  born  in  1018;  nnd  came 
to  this  country  in  103.").  lleseltkdut  Martha's 
Vineyard  in  103.').  nnd  r(  iimvcd  to  Nantucket  in 
11)02.  He  married  Mary  Morrill.  He  is  de- 
Kcrilicd  as  an  "able,  godly  Englishman,  who 
was  employed  in  teaching  the  youth  in  rending, 
willing,  and  the  iiriiicijiles  of  religion,  by  cate- 
chizing."  His  daughter,  Al)iah,  was  the  mother 
of  Benjamin  Franklin.  The  lime  of  his  dealli 
has  not  been  asei  rtaini  d.  His  sniall  poem  was 
finished  Ajiril  23,  1070,  and  bears  the  title  of 
"  A  Looking-glass  for  tlie  Times."  According  to 
Franklin,  "  the  author  (idrcsses  himself  to  the 
governors  for  the  limel]('ng;  -j-.eaks  for  liberty 
of  conscience,  and  in  favor  of  ilie  Aiiabajitists, 
Quakers,  and  other  sectaries,  who  had  sufl'cred 
persecution.  To  this  ])ersecution  he  attributes 
the  war  with  the  natives,  and  c'her  calamities, 
which  afflicted  the  country,  regarding  them  as 
the  judgments  of  God  in  jiunishment  of  so  odious 
anolfence;   and   he  e.xhorts  '1      i,'nvemment  to 


tlio  repeal  of  laws  so  con"  U' 


charity-.     The 


jjoeni  appeared  to  be  wruten  with  a  manly  free- 
dom and  a  i)lea,sing  simplicity." 

Of  the  simplicity  the  following  is  a  HjicL'inen; 
the  four  last  lines  arc  quoted  crroncmslj-  by  Dr. 
Franklin  : 

**  I  am  for  pcsirc  nnd  itot  *o'  \rar. 

And  that  "s  the  n-iit^fi'i  wliy 
I  write  nioro  pluin  tliti  i  some  men  do, 

Thitt  use  to  daub  und  lie. 
But  1  whall  roaiie,  and  set  my  name 

To  wliat  r  here  insert; 
I)p<'anRe.  to  he  a  liheller, 

I  hat('  it  with  my  Ueiirt. 
From  .^herbontown.  wlierc  now  I  dwell, 

^ly  name  do  I  prnt  ii(<re, 
"Without  offence,  ywir  real  friend. 

It  is  I'eter  Folger.'' 

FOLLEX.  Cii.VRLES  T.  C,  LL.  11,  died  with 
one  hundred  and  thirty-nine  others  in  conse- 
quence of  the  burning  of  the  steamlioat  l/cxing- 
tonin  Long  Island  Sound.  Jan.  13,  1840,  aged  44. 
He  was  jn-ofessor  of  the  (ierman  language  and 
literature  at  Cambridge.  Born  in  (iermany  in 
1796,  he  was.  educated  at  the  university  of  Gies- 
sen.  He  wns  com])elled  to  leave  Germany  by  the 
Prussian  government,  being  wrongfully  suspected 
of  lieing  ])rivyto  Sand's  assassination  of  Kotzebuo 
in  1819.  In  1824  ho  was  a])])ointed  German 
instructor  at  Cambridge,  and  professor  from  1830 
to  1835.  He  er  -aged  in  the  clerical  profes.sion. 
lie  was  sim])L .  modest,  courteous,  firm,  and 
benevolent.  His  wife  was  Elizabeth  Lee'  Cabot  of 
Boston.  His  works  were  ])ublished  in  5  vols,  in 
1841,  with  his  life,  by  his  widow.  —  Cyclop,  of 
American  Lit.  ii.  242. 

FOLI,OW,  Pi-TKii,  died  in  Harrison,  N.  Y.,  in 
1809,  aged  about  120.  He  retained  his  hearing 
and  memory.  He  was  a  native  of  Flanders,  and 
was  in  the  battle  of  Ilamilies  in  1700.  He  had 
lived  ill  Harrison  sixty  years. 


FOLSO.M. 


I'OJll). 


359 


FOLSOM,  X.vniANiiir.,  |,'onoraI.  a  momticr  of 
tlic  first  connrt's^  ot'  1771,  ilicd  at  Mxi'lcr,  N.  II. 
in  Juno,  17!MI.  In  ihc  I'rt'ncli  war  of  17.V)  lie 
(listiiii,'iiiNhf(l  liiinsolf  at  the  ca])tin-(' ol' J)ii'.vi;aii. 
llo  was  a  },'('ii('ral  of  tlio  niililia.  Ui.s  I'arliost 
ancestors  in  this  country  wrote  tlio  name  I'oul- 
shanu". 

FOLSOM,  David,  colonel,  chief  of  the  Choc- 
taw Indians,  died  8ej)t.  L'4,  1N17. 

FONTAIXI';,  Wii.i.iAM,  died  in  Florida  Oct. 
10,  IHol,  nf;ed  lOij;  a  Uevolutionary  soldier. 

FOOT,  John,  minister  of  Cheshire,  Conn.,  was 
ordained  colleaf^ue  with  Samuel  Hall  in  March, 
17()7,  and  died  Au;^.  30,  1813,  aged  71,  having 
been  a  jjastor  forty-five  years. 

F'OOT,  Samuici,  Ai'GU.sru.s,  LL.  D.,  governor 
of  Conn.,  died  at  Cheshire,  Sejjt.  lii,  1840,  aged 
()5.  lie  was  the  son  of  Hev.  John  F.  of  Cheshire, 
and  graduated  at  Yale  in  ]7y7.  lie  was  for 
year.s  a  democratic  reiiresentativc  and  senator  in 
congress,  and  governor  in  1831.  His  son,  John 
A.,  was  a  lawyer  in  Cleveland,  and  Augustus  II., 
a  lieutenant  in  the  navy. 

FOOT,  JosiiPll  I.,  ]).!).,  president  of  Wash- 
ington college,  Tennessee,  died  April  21,  1840, 
aged  43.  Born  in  Connecticut,  he  was  a  gradu- 
ate of  Union  college,  and  of  Andover  theological 
seminary  in  1824.  lie  was  a  i)astor  in  Brook- 
field,  Mass.,  and  in  Cortland,  N.  Y.  lie  ])ub- 
lished  a  historical  discourbc  at  Brookfield,  1820; 
at  ordination,  1830 ;  prominent  trait  in  false 
teachers. 

FOOTE,  RoXfiNA,  wife  of  Horace  Foot,  mission- 
ary to  Tripoli  in  Syria,  died  in  l8oo,  lamented  by 
her  associates. 

FOOTE,  Ls.UC,  judge,  died  at  Smyrna,  N.  Y., 
Feb.  27,  1842,  aged  90.  A  native  of  Colchester, 
he  removed  to  Stafford,  Conn.,  and  in  179j  to 
Smyrna.  He  was  a  Christian  and  an  exemplary 
church  member  seventy-fivo  years. 

FOllBES,  Joseph,  brigadier-general,  was  in- 
trusted with  the  expedition  against  fort  du  Quesnc 
in  1758.  With  an  army  of  eight  thousand  men 
he  occupied  the  fortress,  which  the  enemy  had 
al)andoned,  Nov.  25,  and  called  it  Pittsburg. 
Having  concluded  treaties  with  the  Indians,  he 
died,  exhausted  by  flitiguo,  at  Philadelpliia,  aged 
48.  —  Manie,  158. 

FORBES,  Eli,  1).  1).,  minister  of  Brookfield 
and  of  Gloucester,  Mass.,  died  Dec.  1").  1804,  aged 
77.  He  was  born  in  Westborough  in  Oct.,  1720, 
and  entered  Harvard  college  in  1744.  In  the 
month  of  Jidy  of  the  following  year  ho  was  de- 
manded as  a  soldier,  and  he  cheerfully  shouldered 
his  musket  and  marclicd  more  than  a  hundred 
miles  to  oppose  the  Frcaich  and  Indians.  Having 
been  released  by  the  interposition  of  his  friends, 
ho  roSuntod  to  his  studios  with  a  Nharpened  appe- 
tite>  ainl  was  graduated  in  1751.  He  was  or- 
diuMe«l  minister  of  the  second  pamh  in  Brook- 


field Jime  3,  1752.  In  the  ye.'irs  17.".S  and  17.'i!) 
he  was  a  chaplain  in  one  of  the  regini.  nts.  In 
17(;2  he  wont  ns  a  niissioiinry  to  the  Oiuvhis,  one 
of  iho  si.x  nations  of  Indians,  and  iihuilcil  the 
lii'>t  Christian  oliiircli  at  ()n;\(niagio,  on  the  river 
Sus(|uehaiinah.  Having  <-stal)lislud  in  tliis  jilace 
a  school  for  children  and  another  for  adults,  he 
returned,  bringing  with  him  tour  Indian  children, 
whom  he  sent  luiok  again  in  u  few  years,  after 
furiii^liing  them  with  such  knowkilgo  as  would 
be  useful  to  tlioni.  He  a!-o  broiii^ht  with  him  it 
white  Ir.d,  who  had  heconu'  a  eoni|,i(te  savage; 
but  he  was  civilized,  and  being  educated  at  Dart- 
mouth college,  where  he  received  a  degree,  was 
the  agent  of  congress  (hniiig  the  IJcvolutiiniary 
war,  and  was  very  useful.  Dr.  I'orljes,  falling 
under  tlie  groundless  suspicion  of  being  a  lory, 
reipiestod  a  dismission  from  his  jiooijle  i;i  March, 
1770,  and  on  the  filth  of  Juno  was  installed  at 
Gloucester.  He  published  a  family  book,  and  a 
number  of  single  sermons,  among  which  are  a 
thanksgiving  sermon  on  the  coiKpiest  of  Canada, 
1701;  an  artillery  election  sermon,  1771;  an 
account  of  Joshua  l'",aton  of  S])enc(  r,  jireflxed  to 
seven  sermons  of  Mr.  Eaton,  and  a  funeral  ser- 
mon on  his  death,  1772;  a  sermon  on  rei)airing 
his  meoting-h(nise,  1792;  on  the  death  of  J.  Low, 
1797;  convention  sermon,  1799.  —  Mmdh.  An- 
thtihiijij,!.  009;  Whitnofs  I/iKt.  Woirctler,!') , 
C/tuiiiiry'.-i  Senii.  at  Orilin.  af  J.  Jldiniiaii ;  I'is- 
calaqiia  Kcaii.  Mutj.  II.  109-173;  Assenib.  Miss. 
May.  I.  53,  54. 

FORBES,  DrxcAN,  died  in  Cimiberland,  Mo., 
Jan.,  1850,  aged  110. 

FORD,  GAiiurei,  H.,  judge,  died  at  Morris- 
town,  >f.  J.,  his  native  town,  Aug.  27,  1849,  aged 
85.  lie  was  a  graduate  of  I'ruiceton  in  1784. 
Of  tlie  lawyers  of  New  Jersey  he  was  regarded 
as  the  most  oflicient  and  eloquent.  He  was  a 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  twcnty-ono  years. 
His  family  residence  was  the  hcad-quurters  of 
Washingt(m  in  1777.  His  son  is  Ileiuy  A.  F.,  a 
member  of  the  same  bar,  at  which  his  father  was 
distinguished. 

FORD,  IIexry,  died  at  Elmlra,  X.  Y.,Xov.  G, 
1848,  aged  04.  Born  in  Morristown,  a  graduate 
of  Yale  in  1803,  he  was  settled  in  the  ministry  at 
Bethlehem,  X.  Y.,  at  Lisle,  Elmira,  Xew  York 
city,  and  Wells,  Fn.  —  Oli.ti ivcr,^o\.  25. 

FORD,  TiiuMAS,  governor  of  Illinois  from 
1843  to  LSKi.died  in  Jan.,  1851.  He  left  in  man- 
uscript a  history  of  Illinois. 

FORD,  ArorsTts,  captain,  died  at  Sackelt's 
Harbor  Aug.  4,  1S55,  aged  83.  Born  in  Rhode 
Island  in  1772,  ho  was  early  impressed  as  a  sea- 
man in  the  British  service.  In  1800  he  removed. 
to  Oswego ;  in  1810  he  was  made  a  master  of 
the  navy  and  removed  to  Sackett's  Harbor.  His 
chart  of  the  lake  and  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence 
was  regarded  as  of  great  value.     He  was  the 


360 


FOUMAN. 


(-1 


11 


0 


**! 


fatlipr  of  i'oiirtoon  rliildri'ii.     HIh  end  wnn  j)enPC- 
ful  ;   liis  Impc  tliiit  of  till-  ciiniCNl  riiiistiiili. 

I'OltM.W,  Wl! MAM.  11  ijliysiciiiii,  K(i\((l  ns  n 
sur>,'('()ii's  iimii'  ill  llic  old  l'"n'iicli  wiu-  uiidir  Am- 
lipist  J  Ik,'  wmn  nihil  n  Nurgioii  duriiit,'  the  Jtcvolii- 
tloiiarv  (iiiitcst,  mill  was  jianiotlc  iind  nkilful.  IIo 
dit'il  III  l''isliKill.  Nfw  York,  ill  July,  iSKi,  ufji'd  "H. 
FOll.MAN',  JoMlllA,  jiidfrc,  oiii'  of  llic  pi-ojec- 
tors  of  till'  J'.iic  cmial.diid  Aii^r.  )>  lN|!»,  in  Jt.illi- 
ciloidtoii, \.  ('..ii^'iil  71.  Hi'  lived  in  Oiioiidn^a 
Hollow,  was  a  iiia'i  of  iiilc'lli;,'riit'L'  and  cntcrjiiiHt', 
the  foiinili  r  of  Syrueiise,  New  York. 

FOUXAltO,  Adoi.I'II,  die  I  in  AVasIiinf,'ton  in 
IH.jl,  ii;,'e(l  ii".  He  was  a  (liiiii;,'lils)iiaii  in  the 
ollice  of  the  rnited  States  coast  .siiivey.  In  Swit- 
zcrliind  he  was  major  in  the  coqis  of  lojio^rajihi- 
cal  engineers. 

FOUllKST,  UniAiT,  general,  died  at  his  scat 
near  Oenrgetown,  Maryland,  in  1805.  In  tlie 
battle  of  (ierniaiitowii  he  Mas  severely  wounded, 
and  ever  afterwards  was  sujijiorled  hy  erutches. 
His  life  was  marked  hy  honorable  and  useful 
enter|)rise. 

FOIHU'IST,  Thomas,  a  distin<,niished  officer  of 
the  Ilevolufion,  died  at  l'hilailel])hia  in  182.0,  aged 
78.     He  had  been  a  member  of  C(mgress. 

rX)USTEU,  Anthony,  Unitarian  miniHtor  in 
Charleston,  S.  C,  was  a  native  of  Xorth  Carolina, 
and  was  settled  in  1815  as  a  Calvinist  in  connec- 
tion with  ])r.  HoUingshead,  utter  whose  death  he 
established  the  second  Independent  church.  In 
1810  he  withdrew  from  the  rresbytory.  He  died 
Jan.  18,  1820.  He  published  a  discourse  on  tl.e 
doctrine  of  election.  A  volume  of  liis  sermons 
was  ])iiblished  in  1821. 

FORSY'TH,  John,  governor  of  Georgia,  died 
at  Washington  Oct.  22,  1841,  aged  61.  IIo  was 
born  at  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  in  1780;  was  grad- 
uated at  Princeton  in  1709;  was  rejireseiitative 
from  Georgia  18i;5-18,  and  1827-29;  senator 
1818-19.  and  1829-;W;  governor  of  Georgia 
1827-29;  muiister  to  Sjiain  1819-22;  secretary 
of  State  in  18o,), remaining  in  otKce  till  1841.  He 
added  to  his  talents  elegance  and  dignity  of 
manners. 

FOJtW.VIU), JfsTts,  minister  of  Relehertowii, 
JIass.,  died  March  8,  1814,  aged  83,  in  the  fifty- 
ninth  year  of  his  iiiinistry.  liorn  in  SutKeld, 
Conn.,  he  graduated  at  Y'ale  hi  17,54,  and  was 
settled  F'el).  25,  1756,  over  tlirtf  hundred  inhabi- 
tants. In  the  eoiarse  of  his  mmiNtry  there  wi're 
seven  hundred  auni  luiaety-eigbi  deaths,  of  whom 
tiftx  died  of  the  (»iisimiption.  He  succeeded  ilr. 
Billings  and  was  succeeded  h\  V..  I'orter. 

FORW.yU),  AValteu,  juisre,  died  in  Pitts- 
burg Nov.  24,  IH52,  ai?ed  tt5  He  was  a  native 
of  Connecticut,  amd  early  removed  to  the  west. 
Jfe  was  a  laTvyer  anil  a  member  of  congress.  Mrst 
■■■ptraller  of  tne  treasury,  and  secrf  tary  ot  the 
•■■Bury,  appeaaied  by  Mr.  Tyler.    For  several 


FOSTF.n. 

I  yearn  he  was  rharg*''   to  Denmark;  he  wan  also 

judge  of  a  distiiri  coiii't.      I'likcn   ill  in  court,  he 

died  in  forty-i  iglit  hours.     He  was  a  memlier  of 

the  .Methodist  cliurch  ;  and  there  was  no  stain  on 

,  lijs  cliiiraeter. 

I  F()S'I'1'"J{,  Ji'.fiFiiiAir,  justice  of  the  superior 
j  court  of  .MassachusctlH.  died  Oct.  17,  1779,  aged 
53.  He  was  born  in  Aiidover,  Oct.  10,  I72(;,  the 
son  of  l!pliraiiii  I''.,  and  giaduated  at  Harvard  in 
,  1711.  He  soon  Cfiiablished  himself  in  the  town 
j  of  lirookiield,  and  married  a  daughter  of  Gen. 
j  Hwight.  His  character  for  integrity  and  talents 
jirocurcd  him  a  number  of  civil  and  military  offi- 
ces. He  rcdivi'd  his  a|iiJi)iii(riient  of  judge  in 
177(i.  He  was  a  nieinbir  of  the  convention 
which  framed  the  constitution  of  Massachusetts. 
His  sons,  'i'hendore  and  Hwight,  were  members 
of  coiigri'ss.  He  was  early  and  firmly  attached 
to  the  interest  and  freedom  of  liis  country,  in 
ojijiosition  to  the  desjiofic  measures  of  Great 
liritaiii,  and  never  once,  in  the  mo.'t  gloomy  pe- 
riods, was  heard  to  e.viircss  a  doubt  of  the  ulti- 
mate success  of  ,\meriea.  In  early  life  he  made 
a  jirofession  of  ( 'hristianity,  and  his  conduct  wuh 
uniformly  exemjilary.  —  FixLc'n  Fun.  Senn. ; 
L'hnmkli;  (Jet.  28,  1779. 

I'"0STI';H,  Hi:n.;AJIIX,  I),  T).,  minister  in  New 
York,  died  Aug,  '.:.{'„  ',  798,  aged  48.  He  was  born 
in  Danvers.  Mass.,  Ju.ic  12,  1750.  Although 
early  inspired  with  the  love  of  excellence,  it  was 
not  until  after  many  conflicts  that  he  obtained 
that  peace,  which  the  world  can  neither  give  nor 
take  aw  ay.  He  was  graduated  at  Yale  in  1774. 
While  a  member  of  this  institution  a  controversy 
resjiecting  baptism  occupied  much  of  the  public 
attention,  and,  this  being  thought  a  jirojier  sub- 
ject of  discussion,  Mr,  I'oster  was  ai)])ointed  to 
defend  infant  ba[)tism  by  si.rinkling,  l\\  jirepar- 
ing  himself  for  this  disjiutation  he  became  con- 
vinced that  his  former  ser.timents  were  crn  i  eous, 
and  he  was  afterwards  a  conscientious  Bajitist. 
After  ])iirsuing  for  some  time  the  study  of  divinity 
under  the  care  of  l)r,  iStillman  of  Boston,  he  was 
ordained  minister  of  a  Baiitist  church  in  licice.s- 
ter,  Oct.  23,  1770.  The  want  of  a  suitable  main- 
tenance induced  him  in  1782  to  ask  a  dismission 
from  his  jieojile  ;  after  which  he  preached  about 
two  years  in  Danvers.  In  Jan,,  1785,  he  was 
called  to  the  first  church  in  Newport ;  and  hi  the 
autumn  of  1788,  removed  to  New  Y'ork,  where  he 
was  minister  of  the  I'irst  Bajitist  church  till  liis 
death.  During  the  jn'evalence  of  the  yellow  fever 
he  did  not  shrink  from  his  (f.itiesasa  faithful  min- 
ister of  Jesus  Christ,  He  visited  the  sick  and  the 
dying,  and  endeavored  to  imjiart  to  them  the 
hojies  of  religion.  He  fell  a  victim  to  his  benev- 
olence. He  was  distinguislicd  for  his  acquaint- 
ance with  the  Gr?ek,  Hebrew,  and  Chaldean 
languages.  As  a  divine  ''?  f'dvocatcd  with  zeal 
the  doctrine  of  salvaiji.;  by  free  grace,  and  as  a 


FOSTER. 


FOX. 


861 


prrnchor  wnn  iti(l('fnli;;iil)lc.  His  life  was  pure 
1111(1  iiuiialilc.  iipi-ii^lit  mid  licnrvolt'iit.  He  iiiili- 
ll-hcil,  wliilo  he  lived  iit  Loicostcr,  llio  wnshiii;,'  of 
,.,.j((.norntii)n,  or  lliu  J)iviiiu  rhv  of  ininicr^ion, 
in  answer  to  a  treatise  of  Mr.  iMsli.niid  jirimitivc 
linjitism  defended,  in  a  letter  to  John  Cleavelaiid. 
lie  uIno  puUlislied  n  dissertation  on  the  seventy 
\u  eks  of  ])aiiiel.  —  MiiK.'i.  Mi.s.i,  M<i(/.  i.  lit); 
Ji>irkiis,  III.  17  t,  'J.'iO;  llriieilir/,  u.  Itoi-l. 

l-'OSTElt,  J()i:i.,  minister  of  Sndhury,  Mass., 
died  Sept.  '2j,  1HI2,  a(;ed  iil.  A  fjraduate  of 
J)artn)outh  ill  1777,  he  was  the  minister  of  New 
Salem  iVoni  1770  to  IMO'J,  and  then  of  J'',aRt  Sud- 
hiiry  fidiii  Iso.'j  till  his  death.  He  had  excellent 
])iilpit  I  lii'iits,  and  was  sjiecially  j,'if'te(l  in  jjrayor. 

FOS'i'lUt,  ])\vr(iliT,  died  at  Urookileld  in 
April,  1H2!),  af^ed  Cm.  ]|e  was  the  son  of  Jede- 
diah  v..  of  \\.,  a  juds,'c  of  the  supreme  court,  and 
a  brother  of  Theodore  I'\,  a  senator  from  Khodc 
Island  from  17!)()  to  1H();5.  A  (graduate  of  Urown 
university  in  1771,  he  was  a  lawyer  in  Hrookfield, 
sherilf,  chief  justice  of  the  common  ])lens,  and  a 
representative  and  a  senator  in  congress  from  1800 
to  IHO.'i.  Of  a  large  and  commanding  figure, 
he  was  mild  and  urhane.  He  wus  the  lather  of 
Alfred  ]).  I''ostei',  of  Worcester.  His  daughter 
So])hia  married  S.  M.  Hurnside. 

rOSTElt,  .loiiN,  1).  ]).,  minister  of  Brighton, 
Mass.,  was  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  178;j,  and 
died  in  Scj)!.,  1829,  aged  about  C6.  His  wife 
wrote  the  Coquette,  a  novel.  He  published  a 
sermon  before  a  charitable  society ;  on  the  death 
of  Washington,  1799;  of  C.  Winship,  1802;  a 
sermon  on  infidelity,  1802 ;  on  the  installation  of 
his  brotlicr,  18();5 ;  at  a  fast,  1805 ;  at  artillery 
election  ;  at  a  dedication,  1809  ;  before  the  society 
for  ])ropngating  the  gospel,  1817. 

FOSTEU,  GiDixix,  general,  died  at  Danvers  in 
Nov.,  184o,  aged  90.  He  was  in  the  battle  of 
liuiiker  Hill,  and  was  faithful  in  various  public 
olliees.  Mr.  G.  Peabody  contributed  50  dollars 
toward  erecting  a  monument  to  his  memory. 

FOSTER,  STlil'ilic.N,  president  of  East  Tennes- 
see college,  died  Jan.  II,  18,'J5,  aged  37.  Born  in 
Mass.,  he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1821,  and 
was  of  Andover  theological  seminary  in  182'!. 

FOSTER,  H.\N\An,  the  widow  of  Rev.  John 
F.,  of  Brighton,  died  in  Montreal  in  1840.  She 
published  the  Coquette.  • 

]''()STER,  Wii.i,l.\M,  died  in  Andover  Aug. 
;50,  184.'J,  aged  8,"!.  For  many  years  ho  was  n 
res])ected  teacher. 

FOSTJ'lll,  .Vi.t'iiia)  DwiGiiT,  died  in  Worces- 
ter Aug.  15,  1852,  aged  52.  The  son  of  D wight 
]''oster,  he  graduated  in  1819,  and  studied  law 
with  Mr.  Burnside,  who  married  his  sister.  He 
soon  vilhdrew  from  the  bar ;  for  years  he  was 
a  representative,  senator,  and  councillor;  also 
treasurer  of  the  lunatic  hosjntal,  a  trustee  of  Am- 
herst college,  and  a  member  of  the  American 
4G 


board  for  foreign  missions.  Tliouph  modent  and 
self-distrustful,  he  had  fixed  and  stern  j)rinciplo, 
and  at  llie  call  of  duty  could  despise  popular 
favor  and  expose  falsehood  and  evil  doiiigH  in 
terms  of  indignant  elo<juenee.  —  U'anhhiini. 

FOWl.E,  ])AXiKr.,  a  printer  in  Boston,  was 
arrested  in  Oct.,  IT'd,  by  order  of  the  house  of 
representatives,  on  suspicion  of  having  printed 
"  the  monster  of  monsters,"  a  jiamphlet  reflect- 
ing on  some  of  its  members,  and  by  the  same  au- 
thority wus  committed  to  prison  amongst  thieves. 
After  a  few  days  lie  was  Uberated.  ])isgusted 
with  such  tyraimy,  he  removed  to  Portsmouth, 
and  in  1750,  commenced  the  New  Hampshire 
(iazette.  1  le  died  June,  1787,  aged  72. —  Thomas, 
I.  ;j;J2,  434. 

FOWLER,  Aako.n,  minister  of  Guilford, Conn., 
died  in  1800,  aged  72,  in  the  4.'Jd  year  of  liig 
ministry. 

FOWLER,  David,  an  Indian,  died  at  Oneida 
in  1812.  He  was  one  of  the  Indian  chiefs,  and 
was  emjjloyed  by  Kirkland  in  1700  as  a  school- 
master ;  he  sustained  a  Christian  character,  good 
to  the  last. 

l^OWLER,  Ori\,  minister  of  Fall  Itiver,  died 
Sept. ;{,  1853,  aged  02.  He  was  born  at  Lebanon, 
C.mn.,  July  29,  1791,  one  of  twelve  children,  and 
was  a  descendant  of  the  seventli  generation  from 
William,  a  magistrate  of  New  Haven  colony.  He 
wa.s  graduated  in  1815;  studied  theology  with 
Dr.  Dwight ;  and  was  soon  settled  in  Plainlield, 
Conn.  Thence  he  removed  to  Fall  River,  where 
he  was  a  minister  twenty  years,  when  he  was 
chosen  a  member  of  congress  in  1 848.  He  made 
an  able  reply  to  Webster's  speech  of  March  7, 
1850.  He  died  suddenly  at  Washington.  He 
was  a  useful  pastor.  In  the  first  year  of  his  min- 
istry, ninety  jjcrsons  were  added  to  the  church. 
In  1830  there  were  added  to  his  church  at  Fall 
lUver  one  hundred  and  nine  persons.  He  was 
decided  in  his  supjiort  of  the  temperance  cause, 
and  in  opposition  to  .slavery.  He  jjublished  a 
treatise  on  baptism,  1835 ;  an  historical  sketch  of 
Fall  River,  1841.  — Boston  liccorder,  Oct.  28, 
1853. 

FOWI;ER,  Ba.ncroI'T,  died  at  Stockbridge  of 
pneumonia.  April  5,  1850,  aged  80.  He  was  a 
native  of  Pittsfield,  a  graduate  of  Yale  in  1796, 
then  tutor,  many  years  the  minister  of  ^Vindsor, 
Vt.,  and  Northfield,  Mass.,  and  a  professor  in  the 
tlieohigieal  seminary  at  Bangor.  He  was  a  man 
of  more  tha'  ord'iiaiv  talents  and  attainments, 
courteous  and  f?on!  nanly,  and  of  uniform  piety. 
He  jniblished  an  oration  at  New  Haven,  on  the 
death  of  ]•:.  G.  Marsh,  1804. 

I'OX,  John,  minister  of  Wohurn,  died  Dec. 
12,  1750,  aged  78.  He  was  the  son  of  Rev. 
Jabez,  his  pmleeessor  at  Woburn,  who  graduated 
in  1005,  and  su>.-;eeded  Thomas  Carter,  the  first 
minister,  Sept.    >,  1679,  and  died  of  the  small 


3C2 


T'OX. 


I'll 


pox  Feb.  2«,  170'.';  lie  it  Hiippowrd  to  Jip  a  dc- 
nccndmil  of  till  r.iiiifiiiM  Jolin  I'ox.  Ili'i  widow, 
Juditli,  rcuchcd  l.ir  !)!)lh  jciir.  He  jrrndii.itcd  lit 
Itnrvard  in  KiilH.  His  Koii,  John,  Kiiccrcdrd  him. 
He  |iiil)!iMhi'd  ii  hcrnion  on  the  ciiithqiinkc  Oct. 
'2U,  ITL'Tj  time  mid  the  iiid  of  lime,  17  ' ;  llif 
door  of  Jicavcn  opciH'd  and  shut,  IT.'il. 

l''()X,  Jfsirs,  11  type  Iniiiidcr  and  prii  .  died 
in  Cj('rnianto\  n,  N.  .[.,  Jan.  L'(;,  iso.l,  ii;;((l  (iO. 
A  native  of  Ocr.nany,  he  oanio  to  this  country  in 
hJH  yonth.     He  was  rcspcfti'd  and  hiini'ntcd. 

l'"OX('IU)l'"r,  'I'lio.MAS,  minister  in  Uoston, 
died  June  IH,  17(i!>,  n^'<'d  T'J.  He  was  the  son  of 
Francis  Foxcroft,  of  ('anihridf,'e,  and  was  {gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  eolle;,'e  in  1714.  His  father, 
■wlio  wa.s  a  nicml)er  of  tlic  chureli  of  I'.n'jland,  was 
dcHirouR  that  his  son  should  ho  an  J  Episcopal 
clergyman.  This  was  also  his  intention,  till  hy 
diligent  study  and  free  ronversation  with  Xehe- 
miah  Walter  of  Uoxhur}, a  great  reasoner  and  an 
eminently  pious  man,  ho  hecamc  eonvhiced,  that 
the  CotigregatiiiMul  mode  of  worship  was  most 
agreeable  to  the  Scriptures.  He  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  first  church  in  Uoston,  as  colleague 
with  Mr.  Wadsworth,  Nov.  aO,  1717.  No  minis- 
ter was  more  imiversally  admired.  None  was 
accounted  either  a  more  j)olite  and  elegant,  or  a 
more  devout  and  edifying  ])reachor.  His  high 
reputation  continued  till  in  his  later  years  the 
vigor  of  his  constitution  and  of  his  mind  was  im- 
paired by  repeated  sickness.  Dr.  C'hauncy  was 
settled  as  his  colleague  in  1727.  He  was  a  pas- 
tor more  than  half  a  century.  His  son,  Samuel, 
minister  of  New  Gloucester,  died  ii.  iMai.h,  1807, 
aged  72.  — He  was  a  learned  divj!.',".  Hi.-;  powers 
of  reafoning  were  strong,  and  f' w  'uul  i\  greater 
command  of  words.  His  jx  ('':;! ■n;>  si  atiments 
were  strictly  Calvinistit,  and  tliey  vvere  the  chief 
subjects  of  his  preaching.  He  ne-.cr  concealed 
or  yielded  them  from  the  fear  of  man,  as  he  al- 
ways sought  the  approbation  of  God.  His  ad- 
dresses to  the  consciences  of  his  hearers  were 
pungent.  He  was,  says  Dr.  C'hauncy,  a  real, 
good  Christian;  a  partaker  of  the  IToly  Ghost; 
uniform  in  his  walk  with  God  in  the  way  of  his 
commmidmcnts,  though,  instead  of  trusting  that 
he  was  righteous  in  the  eye  of  strict  law,  ho  ac- 
counted himself  an  unprofitable  servant;  fixing 
his  dependence,  not  on  his  own  worthiness,  not  on 
any  works  of  righteousness,  which  he  had  done, 
but  on  the  mercy  of  God  and  the  atoning  blood 
and  perfect  rightousness  of  Jesus  Christ.  His 
writings  evince  a  clearness  of  perception,  copious- 
ness of  invention,  liveliness  of  imagination,  and 
soundness  of  judgment.  They  bear  testimony 
also  to  his  unfeigned  piety.  He  published  a  ser- 
mon at  his  own  ordination,  1718;  on  kindness, 
1720;  on  the  death  of  his  mother,  1721;  of 
John  Coney,  1722;  of  Dame  Bridget  Usher,  1723; 
of  George  I.;  of  Penn  Townsend;   of  W.  Wal- 


FIIANKMN. 

'  dron,  1727;  of  John  Williams  and  Thoman 
lllmvers,  172''  of  lli  iijaniiii  WadNWnrili,  17;t7  ; 
'■  an  essay  on  the  state  of  the  dead,  1722  ;  tlu-  day 
I  of  a  godly  man's  death  better  than  that  of  his 
'birth;  duty  of  the  godly  to  be  intercessors  and 
reformers  ;  two  sermons  i-liowii\g  how  to  begin 
and  end  the  year  aOer  a  godly  sort ;  (iod's  lace 
set  against  an  incorrigible  people,  17.  ,;  it  the 
ordination  of  John  Lowell,  1720  ;  a  di.foius.'  pre- 
paratory to  the  choice  of  a  niitiistvr,  1727;  on 
death;  on  the  earllupiake;  at  the  ordination  of 
John  Taylor,  1728;  an  answi  r  to  T.  Jtarclav's 
persuasive,  a  defence  of  I'resbyleriaii  ordiniitioii, 
172!);  observations  historical  and  ]iraitical  on 
the  rise  and  primitive  state  of  New  I'.iigland,  with 
sjieeial  reference  to  the  first  church  in  Jioston,  a 
century  sermon,  Aug.  2H.  1730;  jileas  of  gosjiel 
inipeiiitents  refuted  in  t\M)  sermons,  1730;  the 
Divine  right  of  d(  aeons,  1731 ;  to  a  young  woman 
under  sentence  of  death,  1733;  a  sermon,  oeca- 
sioiied  by  the  visits  and  labors  of  Mr.  A\'liiteli(ld, 
17-10;  nt  a  ])rivate  liiuiily  meeting,  1712;  a  jire- 
face  to  I'leniing's  fulfilling  of  the  Scri])ture,  1743  ; 
an  ajiology  for  Mr.  Whitefield,  171.'};  saints' 
united  confession  in  disjiaragement  of  their  own 
righteousness,  17')0;  like  jjrecious  faith  obtained 
by  all  the  true  servants  of  Christ,  17.j(i;  a 
thanksgiving  sermon  for  the  coiupiest  of  Canada, 
1700.  —  ('/uiniir;/'n  Fiinerdl  Scniion  ;  Masxavliu- 
sctls  (lazdte,  June  22,  1709;  C/idmlhr'n  Life 
of  Johman,  70  ;  ///.s/.  Volt.  X.  104. 

I'OXCUOFT,  Sajiikl,  first  minister  of  New 
Gloucester,  Elaine,  died  March  2,  1807,  aged 
about  73.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
17o4.  His  name  stands  the  second  in  the  class, 
the  names  being  at  that  time  arranged  according 
to  the  dignity  of  the  family.  The  name  of  John 
Hancock  comes  a  little  lower,  and  still  lower  the 
names  of  lie;.  Drs.  I'ayson,  Fiske,  and  A\'est. 
The  eiiurch  of  N.  G.,  was  gathered,  and  he  wa^: 
ordained  in  Jan.,  170u.  He  was  j)astor  twenty- 
eight  years.  He  had  a  strong  understanding  and 
sound  judgment.  The  atonement  of  Christ  filled 
his  soul  with  joy.  He  knew  nothing  of  the  ter- 
rors and  struggles  of  death,  for  he  fell  asleep  sud- 
denly. —  Hi'dlTs  'iiid  j)I(iK(l(i/'n  SmiKju.i. 

FOXCJtOFT,  FlLVNCls,  a  iihysician  in  Brook- 
field,  <l:cd  in  1814,  aged  09.  He  graduated  at 
Harvart!  in  1704. 

FKANCISCO,  Hkmiy,  died  near  Whitehall, 
State  of  New  York,  Nov.,  1820,  aged  134.  A 
native  of  ]''ngland,  he  was  present  at  the  corona- 
tion of  Queen  Anne.  He  had  lived  in  this  coun- 
try eighty  or  ninety  years,  and  served  in  the 
French  and  ] {evolutionary  wars. 

FllANKLIN,  Bexjamix,  J^L.  D.,  a  philosopher 
and  statesman,  died  April  17,  1790,  aged  84. 
Ho  was  born  in  Boston  Jan.  17,  1700.  His 
father,  Josias,  who  was  a  native  of  England,  was 
a  soap-boiler  and  tallow-chandler  in  that  town. 


FRANK  TIN. 


FltANTCMN. 


.'503 


Ilix  motlicr  wn»  a  dixunUtvt  of  IN  fcr  I'olprr,  thr  ' 
|iiii'l.  At  llif  ii;;r  <i|  »i;,'li|  yciu's  In'  wiih  m  tit  to  ii 
^'raiiiiniii'  sciiiinl,  Imt  nt  the  a\n'  of  ten  liis  I'allicr 
ni|ijiii  (1  his  HtTvici's  to  ii'><!(it  liliii  in  IiIm  llIl^ill^.1l^.  . 
Two  years  ul'lcrviiinls  lie  was  lioiind  hm  mi  n]i|ir('ii- 
tic'i-  to  his  liidihi  r,  JiiiiH".,  wliowiis  n  [irliitir.  In 
this  I'lnjiioMsiciil  hi'  luaili  nut  i>rolirii'iipy.  nml, 
hiniiix  a  tii-^tc  for  hooKM,  hi  (hvoiitl  much  ot  his 
leisure  liiiu"  to  ifadii'}?.  So  euj;i'r  was  lie  in  tlie 
|nirsiiii  of  knowiedjfi',  that  lie  fri'i|iieiitly  jjosscd 
tile  };rc. Iter  jmrt  of  the  iiifjht  in  his  studies,  lie 
heeanie  ex|)ei'l  in  tlio  Soeralic  mode  of  reasoning 
by  nsi.iu),'  iiuestions,  and  thus  he  somclimes  em-  [ 
banassed  jiersdus  of  niKhi'standiiij,'  KU|ieiior  to 
his  own.  In  17:!1  his  ln-otlier  lic;,'an  to  |iiint  tlie  ' 
New  Kn^'huid  Courant,  wiiieii  was  the  third  ne"  -• 
]iaj)er  puhlisheil  in  America.  The  two  ]nTcedin>,' 
jiapiTs  wore  tiie  lUr  ton  News-Letter  and  IJoston 
(iazette.  Youn^j  Franklin  wrote  a  number  of 
e>says  for  the  Courant,  wliieli  were  so  well  re- 
ceived as  to  en('oiiraf,'e  him  to  continue  his  literary 
labors.  To  imjirovu  his  style  he  resolved  to  imi- 
tate .Vddison's  Spectator.  The  method,  which  he 
took,  was  to  make  a  summary  of  a  imjier,  after 
he  had  read  if,  and,  in  a  fi'w  days,  when  lie  had 
for;,'olten  the  exjiressions  of  the  autiior,  to  en- 
deavor to  rest  1  re  it  to  its  ori<;inal  form,  liy  this 
means  he  was  tau^'ht  his  errors,  and  jierceived  the 
necessity  of  beinji;  more  fully  ac(iuuintod  with  the 
synonymous  words  of  the  lan},'uaf^e.  lie  was 
niucii  assisted  also  in  acqiiiriiif^  a  fajijity  and  va- 
riety ()f  expressions  liy  writin;,'  ])oetry. 

.\t  this  early  jieriocl  the  perusal  of  Shaftesbury 
and  Collins  made  him  completely  a  sceptic,  and 
he  was  fond  of  disjuitiiif;  upon  the  subject  of  re- 
li;,'ii)n.  'J'his  circumstance  caused  him  to  be 
reijarded  by  jaous  men  with  abhorrence ;  and  on 
tjii.i  account,  as  well  as  on  a(  count  of  the  ill- 
treatment  which  he  received  from  his  brother,  he 
determined  to  leave  IJoston.  His  departure  was 
faciiiiated  by  the  ])ossession  of  his  indenture, 
which  his  brother  had  f!;iven  him  about  the  year 
17'J;5,  not  from  friendshii),but  because  the  general 
court  prohibited  him  from  publishing  the  New 
]''n;,'!and  Courant,  and  in  order  that  it  might  be 
conducted  inider  the  name  of  Uenjuftiin  Franklin. 
He  iirivately  went  on  board  a  slooji,  and  soon  ar- 
rived at  New  York.  Findmg  no  employment 
here,  ho  pursued  his  way  toPhiladolphia,  and  en- 
tered the  city  without  a  friend  and  with  only  a 
dollar  in  his  ];ockot.  Purchasing  some  rolls  at  a 
baker's  slio]),  he  put  one  under  each  arm,  and, 
eating  a  third,  walked  through  several  streets  in 
search  of  a  lodging.  There  were  ut  this  time 
two  ])rinters  in  Fhiladelphia,  Andrew  Uradford 
and  Mr.  Keimer,  by  the  latter  of  whom  he  was 
em])loyed.  Sir  M'illiani  Keith,  the  governor, 
having  iieen  informed  that  Franklin  was  n  young 
man  of  promising  talents,  invited  him  to  his 
house,  and  treated  him  iu  the  most  friendly  man- 


ner, llondxi-icd  him  tf)  enter  into  liiminess  for 
himself,  and,  ill  oiihr  to  aeiMinpli' h  ihi^  objiKt,  to 
make  a  visit  to  London,  that  he  might  purehiifO 
the  necessary  nrticleH  for  a  print ing-ollice,  llu- 
ceiving  the  promise  of  assistance,  I'rnnkliu  |)r«>- 
pared  him«elf  for  the  voyngc,  anil,  on  appljiii;'  fcr 
letters  of  rieniiimendation  previ.msly  to  sailing, 
be  w.H  told  thai  they  would  be  sent  oii  board. 
When  the  letter-bag  was  opened  there  was  no 
packet  for  I'Vaiiklin ;  and  lie  now  discovered  that 
the  goveriun*  was  one  of  those  men  who  lovi;  to 
oblige  everviicKly,  and  who  sulisiitute  the  most 
liiieral  professions  and  oilers  in  the  place  of  ac- 
tive, sulistantial  kindness.  Arriving  in  J.ondon 
in  IT:;  I,  he  w.  obliged  to  seek  em|)loytnent  as  a 
journeyman  pi.nter.  He  lived  so  economically 
that  li'  '  1VI-.'  -1  trreat  part  of  his  wages.  Instead 
of  di  'utR  of  beer  in  a  day,  like  some 

of  hi  he  drank  only  water,  niul 

he  pi  ■■  them  to  renounce  the  c.\- 

travaj,  .read  and  cheese  for  break- 

fast aim  I  I  ilieap  SOU)).  As  his  prinei|)lefi 
at  this  time  were  -  <ry  h)osc.  his  zeal  to  eidigbten 
the  world  induced  him  to  jmblish  his  dissertation 
on  liberty  and  ii' cessity,  in  which  he  contended 
that  virtue  and  vice  were  nothing  more  than  vain 
distiiictioiiH.  This  work  [jrocured  him  the  ac- 
ipiaintance  of  Mandeville  and  others  of  that 
licentious  class. 

He  returned  to  I'hiladelpliia  iu  Oct.,  1720,  aa 
a,  clerk  to  Mr.  ])enham,  a  merchant;  but  tho 
death  of  that  gentkman  in  the  following  year  in- 
duced him  to  return  to  Mr.  Keimer  iu  the  cai)a- 
city  of  foreman  in  his  otlice.  He  was  very  useful 
to  his  employer,  for  he  gave  him  assistance  as  a 
letler-fouiuler;  he  also  engraved  various  orna- 
ments, and  made  printer's  ink.  He  soon  began 
business  in  partnership  with  Mr.  Meredith,  but  in 
172!)  he  dissolved  the  connection  with  him.  Hav- 
ing purchased  of  Keimer  a  Jiaper,  which  had 
lieen  conducted  in  a  wretched  manner,  he  now 
conducted  it  in  a  style  which  attracted  much  at- 
tention. At  this  time,  though  destitute  of  those 
religious  principles  which  give  stability  and  eleva- 
tion to  virtue,  he  yet  had  discernment  enough  to 
be  convinced  that  truth,  probity,  and  sincerity 
would  promote  his  interests  and  be  tiscful  to  him 
in  the  world,  and  he  resolved  to  respect  them  in 
his  conduct.  Sept.  1,  1730,  he  married  a  widow, 
whose  maiden  name  was  Head,  and  to  whom  six 
years  before  he  had  pledged  his  fidelity,  but  had 
neglected  her  when  he  was  in  London.  The  ex- 
penses of  his  establishment  in  business,  notwith- 
standing his  industry  and  economy,  brought  hira 
in  a  short  time  into  embarrassments,  from  which 
he  was  relieved  by  the  generous  assistance  of 
William  Coleman  and  Jlobert  Grace.  In  addi- 
tion to  his  other  employments,  he  now  opened  a 
small  stationer's  sho]).  I3ut  the  claims  of  busi- 
ness did  not  extinguish  his  taste  for  literatm-e  and 


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FRiVNKLIN. 


science.  He  formed  a  club,  which  he  called  the 
junto,  comjiosi'd  of  the  most  intcUiffcnt  of  his 
acquaintance.  Questions  of  morality,  politics,  or 
philosophy  wore  discussed  every  Friday  cvcninfj, 
and  the  institution  was  continued  almost  forty 
years.  As  hooks  were  frequently  quoted  in  the 
club,  and  as  the  members  had  brought  their  books 
together  for  mutual  advanf  ajje,  he  was  led  to  form 
the  plan  of  a  public  library,  which  was  carried 
into  effect  in  1".'J1,  and  l)ccame  the  foundation  of 
that  noble  institution,  the  library  company  of 
Philadelj)hia.  In  1732  he  began  to  publish  Poor 
Richard's  almanac,  which  was  enriched  with  max- 
ims of  frugality,  temiiorance,  industry,  andnnteg- 
rity.  So  great  was  its  reputation,  that  he  sold 
ten  thousand  aimually,  and  it  was  continued  by 
him  about  twenty-five  years.  The  maxhns  were 
collected  in  the  last  almanac  in  the  form  of  an 
address,  called  the  way  to  wealth,  whicli  has  ap- 
peared in  various  publications.  In  1730  he  was 
oppointed  clerk  of  the  general  assembly  of  Penn- 
Bylvania,  and  in  1737  postmaster  of  Philadelphia. 
The  first  fire  eomj)any  was  formed  by  him  in 
1738.  When  the  frontiers  of  I'cnnsylvania  were 
endangered  in  1744,  and  an  ineffectual  attempt 
was  made  to  procure  a  militia  law,  he  proposed  a 
voluntary  association  for  the  defence  of  the  prov- 
ince, and  in  a  short  time  obtained  ten  thousand 
names.  In  1747  he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the 
assembly,  and  continued  in  this  station  ten  years. 
In  all  important  discussions  his  ])resence  was  con- 
sidered as  indispensable.  He  seldom  spoke,  and 
never  exhibited  any  oratory  ;  but  by  a  single  ob- 
servation he  sometimes  determined  the  fate  of  a 
question.  In  the  long  controversies  with  the 
proprietaries  or  their  governors,  he  took  the  most 
active  part,  and  displayed  a  firm  spirit  of  liberty. 
He  was  now  engaged  for  a  number  of  years  in 
a  course  of  electrical  experiments,  of  which  he 
published  an  account.  Ilis  great  discovery  was 
the  identity  of  the  electric  fluid  and  lightning. 
This  discovery  he  made  in  the  summer  of  1752. 
To  the  upright  stick  of  a  kite  he  attached  an  iron 
point ;  the  string  was  of  hemp,  excepting  the 
part  held  in  his  hand,  which  was  of  silk ;  and  a 
key  was  fastened  where  the  hempen  string  termi- 
nated. With  this  apparatus,  on  the  approach  of 
a  thunder-storm,  he  raised  liis  kite.  A  cloud 
passed  over  it,  and,  no  signs  of  electricity  appear- 
ing, he  began  to  despair ;  but  observing  the  loose 
fibres  of  his  string  to  move  suddenly  toward  an 
erect  position,  he  presented  his  knuckle  to  the 
key,  and  received  a  strong  spark.  The  success 
of  this  experiment  completely  established  his 
theory.  The  practical  use  of  this  discovery,  in 
securing  houses  from  lightning  by  pointed  con- 
ductors, is  well  known  in  America  and  Europe. 
In  1703  he  was  appointed  deputy  postmaster- 
general  of  the  British  colonies,  and  in  the  same 
year  the  academy  of  Philadelphia,  projected  by 


FRANKLIN. 

him,  was  established.  In  17o4  he  was  one  of  the 
commissioners  who  attended  the  congress  at  Al- 
l)any,  tc  devise  the  best  means  of  defending  the 
country  against  the  ]''rench.  He  drew  up  a  jilan 
of  iniion  for  defence  and  general  government, 
which  was  adopted  by  the  congress.  It  was  how- 
ever rejected  by  the  board  of  trade  in  I''ngland, 
berause  it  gave  too  much  ])owcr  to  the  rejjre- 
sentativcs  of  the  people,  and  it  was  rejected  by 
the  assemblies  of  the  colonics,  because  it  gave  too 
much  power  to  the  ])resident-general.  After  the 
defeat  of  Uraddoek  he  was  appointed  colonel  of 
a  regiment,  and  he  re])aired  to  the  frontiers  and 
built  a  fort.  In  1757  he  was  sent  to  F.ngland  as 
tlic  agent  of  Pennsylvania,  and,  while  residing 
there,  was  appointed  agent  of  Massachusetts, 
Maryland,  and  Georgia.  He  now  received  the 
reward  of  his  philosophical  merit.  He  was  cho- 
sen a  fellow  of  the  royal  society,  and  was  honored 
with  the  degree  of  doctor  of  laws  by  the  univer- 
sities of  St.  Andrews,  Edinburgh,  and  Oxford, 
and  his  co.  respondence  was  sought  by  the  most 
eminent  philosophers  of  Euro])e.  During  his 
residence  in  England  he  jjublished  a  ])ami)hlet, 
showing  the  advantages  which  would  sjiring  from 
the  conquest  of  Canada,  and  he  formed  that  ele- 
gant instrument,  which  he  called  the  harmonica. 
He  returned  in  1702,  and  resumed  his  seat  in  the 
assembly  ;  but  in  1704  was  again  sent  to  London 
as  an  agent  for  the  province  to  procure  a  change 
of  the  jiroprietary  government.  In  1700  he  was 
examined  at  the  bar  of  the  house  of  commons 
respecting  the  repeal  of  the  stamp  act ;  and  there 
he  evinced  the  utmost  possession  and  an  aston- 
ishing accuracy  and  extent  of  information.  Dur- 
ing the  same  and  the  following  year,  by  visiting 
Holland,  Germany,  and  France,  he  became  ac- 
quainted with  most  of  the  literary  characters  of 
Europe.  In  1773  some  letters  of  Hutchinson, 
Oliver,  and  others  in  Massachusetts  falling  into 
his  hands,  he  sent  them  to  the  legislature  of  that 
State ;  but  he  ever  refused  to  tell  how  he  pro- 
cured them.  It  is  now  kno'mi  that  he  received 
them  from  Dr.  Williamson.  He  returned  to 
America  in  1775,  and  the  day  afVer  his  arrival 
was  elected  a  member  of  congress.  He  was  sent 
to  the  camp  before  Boston  to  confirm  the  army  in 
their  decisive  measures,  and  to  Canada  to  per- 
suade the  citizens  to  join  in  the  common  cause. 
In  this  mission,  however,  he  was  not  successful. 
He  was  in  1770  appointed  a  committee  with  John 
Adams  and  Edward  llutledge  to  inquire  into  the 
powers  with  which  Lord  Howe  was  invested  in 
regard  to  the  adjustment  of  our  differences  with 
Great  Britiain.  When  his  lordship  expressed  his 
concern  at  being  obliged  to  distr-Jis  those  whom 
he  so  much  regarded,  Dr.  Franklin  assured  him 
that  the  Americans,  out  of  reciprocal  regard, 
would  endeavor  to  lessen,  as  much  as  possible,  the 
pain  which  he  might  feel  on  their  account,  by 


Mi 


FRANKLIN. 


FRANKLIN. 


365 


taking  the  utmost  caro  of  themselves.  In  the 
discussion  of  the  great  question  of  independence, 
he  was  decidedly  in  favor  of  the  measure.  He 
was  in  the  same  year  chosen  jiresident  of  the 
convention,  which  met  in  Philadelphia  to  form  a 
new  constitution  for  Pennsylvania.  The  sinf^lc 
lo^jislature  and  the  ])lural  executive  seem  to  have 
been  his  favorite  principles.  In  the  latter  end  of 
the  year  177G  he  was  sent  to  France  to  assist  in 
negotiation  with  Mr.  Arthur  Lee  and  Silas  Deane. 
lie  had  much  influence  in  forming  the  treaty  of 
alliance  and  commerce,  which  was  signed  Feb.  0, 
1778,  and  he  afterwards  completed  a  treaty  of 
amity  and  commerce  with  Sweden.  In  conjunc- 
tion with  Mr.  Adams,  Mr.  Jay,  and  Mr.  Laurens, 
he  signed  the  pro\'isional  articles  of  peace  Nov. 
30,  1782,  and  the  definitive  treaty  Sept.  30,  1783. 
While  he  was  in  France  he  was  appointed  one  of 
the  commissioners  to  examine  Mesmer's  animal 
magnetism,  in  1784.  Being  desirous  of  returning 
to  his  native  country,  he  requested  that  an  ambas- 
sador might  be  appointed  in  his  place,  and  on 
the  arrival  of  his  successor,  Mr.  Jefferson,  he  im- 
mediately sailed  for  Philadelphia,  where  he  ar- 
rived in  Sept.,  178i3.  lie  was  received  with 
universal  applause,  and  was  soon  appointed  pres- 
ident of  the  supreme  executive  council.  In  1787 
he  was  a  delegate  to  the  grand  convention  which 
formed  the  constitution  of  the  United  States. 
Some  of  the  articles  which  composed  it  did  not 
altogether  please  him,  but  for  the  sake  of  union 
he  signed  it.  In  the  same  year  he  was  appointed 
the  first  j)resident  of  two  excellent  societies  which 
were  established  in  Philadelphia,  for  alleviating 
the  miseries  of  public  prisons,  and  for  promoting 
the  abolition  of  slavery.  A  memorial  of  the  lat- 
ter society  to  congress  gave  occasion  to  a  debate, 
in  which  an  attempt  was  made  to  justify  the 
slave  trade.  In  consequence  of  this.  Dr.  Franklin 
published  in  the  Federal  Gazette,  March  25,  1789, 
an  essay,  signed  Ilistoricus,  communicating  a  ))rc- 
tended  speech,  delivered  in  the  divan  of  Algiers 
in  1G87,  against  the  petition  of  a  sect  called 
Erika,  or  Purists,  for  the  abolition  of  piracy  and 
slavery.  The  arguments  urged  in  favor  of  the 
African  trade,  by  Mr.  Jackson,  of  Georgia,  are 
here  applied  with  equal  force  to  justify  the  plun- 
dering and  enslaving  of  Europeans.  In  1788  he 
retired  wholly  from  public  life,  and  he  now  ajj- 
proached  the  end  of  his  days.  He  had  been 
afflicted  for  a  number  of  years  with  a  complica- 
tion of  disorders.  For  the  last  twelve  months 
he  was  confined  almost  entirely  to  his  bed.  In 
the  severity  of  his  pains  he  would  observe,  that 
he  was  afraid  he  did  not  bear  them  as  he  ought, 
and  he  expressed  a  grateful  sense  of  the  many 
blessings  received  from  the  Supreme  Being,  who 
had  raised  Iiim  from  his  humble  origin  to  such 
consideration  among  men.  He  had  only  two 
childien :  William  Franldin,  who  was  governor  of 


New  Jersey,  and  a  daughter,  who  married  Wm. 
Baciie.  The  following  eiiitiijih  was  written  by 
himself  many  years  previously  to  his  death ; 
jjrobably  suggested  by  Woodbridge's  lines  on 
John  Cotton  : 

"  TIiP  lifHly  of 

Hpnjnniiii  rrmklin.  jiriiitpr, 

Like  tlio  cnvtT  iif  nil  oM  liook, 

Ifs  rniitciit(4  torn  nxit. 

And  stript  cif  its  li'ttcrinK  iiiiil  KiUIng, 

Lies  lirrt',  OmmI  fnr  worms ; 

Yrt  tlio  work  itMt'lf  sliall  not  Ih-  lost, 

For  It  will,  {iis  he  l>ilii>V(»,i  iippviir  oiicv  mor« 

]n  n  uvw 

Ami  mom  lirautiriil  Mlitinn, 

Corruc'teil  mid  umcndcii 

by 

The  Author."' 

But  although  ho  thus  expressed  his  hope  of 
future  hajipiness,  yet  fVoin  his  meiuoirs  it  does 
not  apjiear  whether  this  hope  was  founded  ujion 
the  mediation  of  Jesus  Christ.  Some  have  even 
considered  him  as  not  unfriendly  to  Infidelity ; 
but  the  following  anecdote  seems  to  prove  that  in 
his  old  age  he  did  not  absolutely  reject  the  Scrip- 
tures. As  a  young  gentleman  was  one  day  ridi- 
culing religion  as  a  vulgar  ])rijudice,lie  a])pealed 
to  Dr.  Franklin,  exjjeeting  his  approbation. 
"  Yoinig  man,"  said  the  jjhilosopher  emphatically, 
"  it  is  best  to  believe."  I'resident  Stiles  addressed 
a  letter  to  him,  dated  Jan.  28,  1790,  in  which  he 
expressed  a  desire  to  be  made  acquainted  with 
his  sentiments  on  Christianity.  The  following  i"« 
an  extract  from  it :  "  You  know,  sir,  I  am  a 
Christian ;  and  would  to  Heaven  all  others  were 
as  I  am,  except  my  imperfections.  As  much  as  I 
know  of  Dr.  Franklin,  I  have  not  an  idea  of  his 
religious  sentiments.  I  wish  to  know  the  opinion 
of  my  venerable  tnond  concerning  Jesus  of  Naz- 
areth. He  will  not  impute  this  to  impertinence 
or  improper  curiosity  in  one  who  for  many  years 
has  continued  to  love,  estimate,  and  reverence 
his  abilities  and  literary  character  with  an  ardor 
of  affection.  If  I  have  said  too  much,  let  the  re- 
quest be  blotted  out  and  be  no  more."  To  this 
Dr.  Franklin  replied,  March  9,  but  a  few  weeks 
before  his  dca  h :  "I  do  not  take  your  curiosity 
amiss,  an('  shall  endeavor,  in  a  few  words,  to 
gratify  it.  As  to  Jesus  of  Nazareth,  my  opinion 
of  whom  you  particularly  desire,  I  think  the  sys- 
tem of  morals,  and  his  religion,  as  he  left  them  to 
us,  the  best  the  world  ever  saw,  or  is  Ukely  to 
see ;  but  I  apprehend  it  has  received  various  cor- 
rujiting  changes  ;  and  I  have,  with  most  of  the 
present  dissenters  in  England,  some  doubts  as  to 
his  divinity."  It  may  not  be  unnecessary  to  re- 
mark, that,  if  we  may  credit  Dr.  Priestley,  Dr. 
Franklin  was  not  correct  in  estimating  the  senti- 
ments of  a  majority  of  the  dissenters  in  England. 
To  Thomas  Paine,  concerning  the  proposed  pub- 
lication of  his  age  of  reason,  Dr.  F.  wrote :  "  I 
would  advise  you  not  to  attempt  unchaining  the 
tiger,  but  to  burn  this  piece  before  it  is  seen  by 


366 


FRANKLIN. 


FREEMAN. 


any  other  jicrson.  If  men  arc  so  wicked  witJi 
rclif/ioii,  wlmt  would  they  he,  if  willioitt  it  ?  " 

Dr.  Franklin  iicciuired  a  hi;,'h  nnd  deserved 
rcputntion  ns  a  ijhiloHojiher,  for  his  jihilosophy 
was  of  a  ])rnctlcal  nnd  useful  kind,  and  he  seemed 
to  he  continually  desirous  of  ndvancinj;;  the  wel- 
fare of  society.  In  company  he  was  sententious 
and  not  fluent,  and  he  chose  rather  to  listen  to 
others  than  to  talk  himself.  Imimtient  of  inter- 
ru]ition,  he  often  mentioned  the  custom  of  the 
Indians,  who  always  remain  silent  for  some  time, 
before  they  f^ive  an  answer  to  a  question.  When 
he  resided  in  Prance  as  a  minister  from  this 
country,  it  has  heen  thought  that  he  was  some- 
what intoxicated  by  the  unbounded  applauses 
which  he  received,  and  was  too  much  disposed  to 
adopt  the  manners  of  the  French.  One  of  his 
coUcaf^ues  was  immersed  in  the  pleasures  of  a 
voluptuous  city,  and  between  himself  and  the 
other,  Mr.  Iice,  there  was  some  collision. 

lie  published  experiments  nnd  observations 
on  electricity,  made  at  riiiladeljihia,  in  two  parts, 
4to.,  llo3;  new  experiments,  17*34;  a  historical 
view  of  the  constitution  and  government  of  Tenn- 
sylvania,  I'iiO;  the  interest  of  Great  Britain  con- 
sidered with  respect  to  her  colonies,  17G0;  his 
experiments,  with  the  addition  of  explanatory 
notes,  and  letters  and  jjapers  on  philosophical 
subjects,  1709;  political,  miscellaneous,  and  phi- 
losoj)hicnl  pieces,  1779;  and  several  papers  in  the 
transactions  of  the  American  philosophical  soci- 
ety. Two  volumes  of  his  essays,  with  his  hfe, 
brought  down  by  himself  to  the  year  1730,  were 
published  in  England  in  1792.  A  collection 
of  his  works  was  first  i)ublishcd  in  London  in 
180G,  entitled,  the  complete  works,  in  jjhilos- 
ophy,  ])olities,  nnd  morals,  of  Dr.  Franklin, 
first  collected  and  arranged,  with  a  memoir  of 
him,  3  vols.,  Kvo.  —  Franldin's  Life  ;  Holmes' 
Life  of  Stiles,  309,  310. 

FliAXKLIX,  Jamks,  a  brother  of  Benjamin, 
published  a  ncwspajjcr  in  Boston  in  1721,  and  the 
Ilhodc  Island  Gazette  in  1732,  the  first  paper  in 
that  State. 

FRANICLIN,  William  the  last  royal  governor 
of  New  Jersey,  the  son  of  Dr.  Franklin,  died  in 
England  Nov.  17,  1813,  aged  82.  He  was  born 
about  1731.  He  was  a  captain  in  the  French 
war,  and  served  at  Ticondcroga.  After  the  peace 
of  I'aris  he  accom])anied  liis  father  to  England. 
Going  to  Scotland,  he  became  acquainted  with 
the  Earl  of  Bute,  who  recommended  him  to  Lord 
Halifax,  and  by  the  latter  he  was  ajipointcd  gov- 
ernor of  New  Jersey  in  17G3.  He  continued  in 
office,  firm  in  lo)alty,  till  the  beginning  of  the 
Revolution,  when  the  whigs,  in  July,  177G,  sent 
him  to  Connecticut.  On  his  release  he  sailed  to 
England,  and  obtained  a  pension  for  his  losses. 
His  first  wife  was  a  West  Indian,  by  whom  he 
had  a  son ;  his  second  wife  was  a  native  of  Ire- 


land. His  son,  William  Temi)le  Franklin,  editor 
of  the  works  of  Dr.  F.,  died  at  I'aris  May  25, 
1823.  —Pub.  Char.  IV.  189-203. 

FRANKLIN,  Wu.lia.m,  a  botanist,  died  at 
Franklin  Sej)t.  1,  1819.  He  was  bom  near  Wil- 
mington, Delaware ;  was  a  surgeon  in  the  navy 
before  1812,  and  during  the  war  was  stationed  at 
St.  Clary's.  He  cxjilored  Florida,  Georgia,  and 
South  Carolina.  He  was  surgeon  in  the  frigate 
Congress,  sent  to  South  America  in  1818 ;  and 
one  of  the  scientific  men  of  the  cxiiedition  to 
Red  Stone  river  in  1819,  but  illness  compelled 
him  to  leave  his  companions  in  Missouri. 

FRAZAR,  Rebkcca,  Miss,  died  in  Duxbury  in 
1840,  aged  72,  much  esteemed.  She  left  500  dol- 
lars to  the  church  for  the  communion  service,  and 
the  same  sum  to  the  Pilgrim  society  at  Plymouth. 

FREEMAN,  Nathaniel,  a  physician  and  brig- 
adier-general, died  Sejrt.  27,  1820,  aged  GG.  He 
was  a  descendant  of  Edmund  F.,  an  early  settler 
of  Sandwich,  Mass.,  and  whose  sons,  John  and 
Edmund,  married  the  daughters  of  Gov.  Prince. 
He  was  bom  at  Dennis  in  April,  1741,  and  soon 
afterwards  his  father  removed  to  Mansfield,  Conn. 
Having  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Cobb,  of 
Thompson,  he  settled  in  Sandwich.  Being  a  pat- 
riot of  the  Revolution,  he  performed  various  im- 
I)ortant  services  for  his  country  as  a  member  of 
the  legislature  and  as  colonel  of  the  militia.  He 
was  also  register  of  probate  forty-seven  years,  and 
judge  of  the  common  pleas  thirty  years.  At  the 
age  of  sixty-three  he  retired  from  the  practice  of 
l)hysic.  By  two  marriages  he  had  twenty  chil- 
dren, eighteen  of  whom  lived  to  adult  age.  He 
was  a  brother  of  Jonathan  F.,  of  Hanover,  N.  H. 
He  had  collected  a  large  library  in  medicine  and 
theology.  In  early  life  he  joined  a  Calvinistic 
church ;  in  his  meridian  he  became  a  follower  of 
Priestley ;  at  a  late-  neriod  he  returned  to  his  first 
faith,  in  which  h  ;  many  years  and  died.  — 

ThacJicr's  MeJie-  jraphy. 

FREEMAN,  SA^acfiL,  judge,  died  at  Portland 
in  June,  1831,  aged  88.  He  was  a  descendant  of 
Samuel  F.,  of  Watertowii  in  1G30,  and  was  the 
son  of  Enoch  Freeman,  judge  of  the  court  of 
ccr  mon  pleas  and  of  probate,  who  died  at  Port- 
laud  Sept.  2,  1788,  aged  81.  He  was  judge  of 
probate  many  years.  He  published  the  town 
officer,  Gth  edit.;  American  clerk's  magazine, 
Gth  edit.,  1805. 

FREE^IAN,  James,  D.D.,  pastor  of  the  stone 
chapel  society,  Boston,  died  Nov.  14,  1835,  aged 
70.  He  was  born  in  Charlestown  in  1759,  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1777,  and  in 
1782  became  pastor  of  his  church.  The  liturgy 
he  altered  so  as  to  conform  to  the  Unitarian  or 
Socinian  doctrine ;  and  as  Bishop  Provost  declined 
to  ordain  him,  he  was  ordained  by  his  society 
alone  Nov.  18,  1787.  This  chajjcl  was  formerly 
called  King's  chapel.    The  fiist  Episcopal  chui'ch 


FRERMAX. 


FRF.XEAU. 


aet 


in  New  F.ngland  thus  hprame  the  first  I'nitarian. 
ilo  had  two  collt-af^iios,  Mr.  Cary  and  Mr.  (Jrci-n- 
wood.  He  was  out'  of  the  founders  of  the  Ma.s- 
sachiisetts  liistorioal  society,  and  a  memoir  of  him 
l)y  Mr.  (ireenwood  is  in  historical  collections,  iJd 
series,  vol.  V.  He  j)ul)lished  two  volumes  of  ser- 
mons in  1H12  and  1H2!);  and  in  1832  he  puh- 
lishcd  both,  with  a  semion  on  necessity,  in  one 
volume. 

FlllOEMAN,  S.\n.\ii,  the  widow  of  Jonathan 
F.,  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Hanover,  N.  H., 
died  in  Oct.,  184G,  aj^ed  97.  She  was  a  woman 
of  eminent  jiiety ;  her  husband  was  lon}»  a  re- 
spected magistrate  and  judj^e.  Of  their  sons, 
I'eyton  11.  is  an  aged  lawyer  in  I'ortsmouth,  and 
Asa  a  lawyer  in  Dover,  and  another  son  a  j)hy8i- 
cian  in  Hallston,  N.  Y. 

FllEl'^MAX,  CllAUi.KS,  minister  of  Limerick, 
Me.,  died  in  1853,  aged  about  01.  He  was  the 
son  of  Judge  F.,  of  Portland,  was  graduated  at 
IJowdoin  college  in  1812,  and  ordained  in  1820. 
He  was  one  of  the  oldest  o*"  ministers  in  Maine, 
one  of  seven  who  had  never  changed  their  par- 
ish. He  jmblished  an  account  of  Limerick  in  the 
Maine  historical  collections,  vol.  I. 

FREEMAN,  Nathaniel,  dicdat  Easton,  Conn., 
June  23,  1854,  aged  70,  long  the  minister  of 
Easton  and  Greenfield,  an  earnest  and  efficient 
])reacher.     Li  the  view  of  death  he  had  peace. 

FRELINGHUYSEN,  Tiikodore  Jami:s,  min- 
ister of  the  Reformed  Dutch  church  at  Raritan, 
New  Jersey,  died  in  1754.  He  came  from  Hol- 
land in  the  year  1720.  His  zealous  labors  in 
preaching  the  ])ure  doctrines  of  the  gospel,  es- 
pecially in  inculcating  the  necessity  of  an  entire 
renovation  of  the  a  ituj)!  heart,  were  eminently 
useful  in  a  number  of  towns.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  assembly  of  Dutch  ministers  in  1738, 
which  formed  the  jjlan  of  a  c(Ptus,  or  assembly  of 
ministers  and  elders  in  this  country,  though  sub- 
ordinate to  the  classis  of  Amsterdam.  This  prop- 
osition convulsed  the  Dutch  c-iurches  in  America, 
for  it  was  a|)prehended,  and  the  apprehension 
was  verified,  that  these  churches  would  be  led  in 
time  to  throw  off  entirely  their  subjec*'.  a  to  a 
distant  ecclesiastical  body.  Mr.  Frelinghuyscn 
was  an  able,  evangelical,  and  eminently  successful 
])reachcr.  He  left  five  .sons,  all  ministers,  and  two 
daughters,  married  to  ministers.  Among  his 
sons  were  Rev.  Theodore  F.,  minister  of  Albany, 
eloquent,  active,  and  jiious,  succeeded  by  "Wes- 
terlo,  and  Rev.  John  l'\,  who  preached  at  Raritan. 
—  Vhridiaii's  Mar/mine,  il.  4,  5  j  Prince's  Chris- 
tian IliKtory  for  1744. 

FRia.INGHUYSEN,  Frederic,  general,  a 
senator  of  the  United  States,  died  April  13,  1804, 
aged  51  on  the  day  of  his  death.  He  was  the 
son  of  Rev.  John  F.,  of  Raritan,  and  grandson  of 
the  preceding.  He  graduated  at  Princeton  in 
1770.    In  the  war  of  the  Revolution  he  fought 


for  his  countrv'.  As  a  cajjtain,  it  is  said  that  in 
the  battli>  (if  Trentdii,  Di'c,  1770,  he  shot  Hhalle, 
the  Hessian  ciimmandiT.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  old  congress,  before  the  .'idojition  of  the  con- 
stitution, in  178!),  anil  was  afterwards,  under  the 
administration  of  ^Va^llington,  a  senator  from 
New  Jersey.  Of  Princeton  college  lie  was  one 
of  the  trustees.  He  was  buried  near  Millstone. 
His  son,  Theodore  I'relinghuysen,  is  president  of 
New  Rriniswick  college. 

FRl'.LINGHUYSF.X.  Ciiaih.oite,  the  wife  of 
President  Theodore  Frelinghuyscn,  died  at  New 
IJrunswick,  N.  J.,  Ajjril  11,  1854.  She  was  the 
chosen  and  suitable  coni])anion  of  a  man  of  emi- 
nence and  worth  ;  adorned  with  every  excellence ; 
the  delight  of  her  many  friends.  Her  maiden 
name  was  Mercer,  and  she  was  a  native  of 
Newark. 

F]tENCH,  JoNATOAN,  minister  of  Andover, 
Mass.,  a  descendant  of  John  !■'.,  who  lived  in 
Dorchester  in  lC3t),  was  born  at  liraintree  Jan. 
30,  1740,  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1771, 
was  ordained  Scjrt.  22, 1772,  as  successor  of  Sam- 
uel Philli])s,  and  died  Jidy  28,  1809,  aged  69. 
His  daugliter  married  Rev.  Samuel  Steams,  of 
Bedford;  his  son.  Dr.  Jonathan,  is  the  minister 
of  North  Hampton,  N.  H.  At  the  age  of  six- 
teen Mr.  French  was  a  soldier,  a  drummer  in  the 
French  war,  and  afterwards  was  stationed  as  a  ser- 
geant at  castle  William,  near  Roston.  His  desire 
to  obtain  an  education,  although  at  an  uncommon 
age,  was  encouraged  by  several  literary  gentle- 
men, with  whom  he  became  acquainted  at  the 
castle.  Gov.  IJowdoin  liberally  assisted  him.  In 
the  Revolutionary  war  he  jiartook  of  the  patriotic 
spirit  of  that  period.  On  hearing  of  the  battle 
of  Breed's  hill,  he  took  his  musket  and  his  sur- 
gical instruments  and  re])aired  to  the  army.  He 
was  a  faithful,  usefid  preacher.  ])uring  his  minis- 
try five  hundred  and  six  were  added  to  the 
church.  He  jjublishcd  a  sermon  against  extor- 
tion, 1777 ;  at  the  ordination  of  Daniel  Oliver, 
1787;  of  Abiel  Abbot,  1795;  of  James  Kendall, 
1800;  of  Jonathan  French,  1801;  at  the  elec- 
tion, 1796;  at  a  thanksgiving,  1798;  at  a  lecture, 
1805.  —  Ahleu\i  Mcmnir.i  of  F. 

FRENCH,  Hexry  S.  G.,  missionary  at  Siam 
died  Feb.  14,  1842,  aged  35.  Born  in  Boscawen, 
N.  IL,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1834,  and  at  An- 
dover theological  seminary  in  1837 ;  and  sailed 
for  Siam  in  1839.  Though  he  looked  for  years  of 
labor  for  the  benefit  of  the  heathen,  they  were 
but  few.  He  said  to  his  alarmed  Siamese  attend- 
ants, "  I  am  not  afraid  to  die." 

FRENEAU,  Philip,  a  poet,  died  at  Freehold, 
N.  J.,  Dee.  18,  1832,  aged  about  80;  inconse- 
quence of  losing  his  way  and  getting  mired  in  a 
bog  in  the  evening.  He  was  born  in  New  Jersey, 
and  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1771.  His  poems 
were  written  between  1768  and  1793.    The  first 


368 


FllENEAU. 


edition  was  in  1 786 ;  the  tliird  was  published  in 
IHOO,  in  2  vols. 

■  FJ{1';N1''.AU,  1*i;ti;u,  brother  of  tlio  preceding, 
died  in  Chnrleston,  S.  C,  in  Oct.,  1HI4,  nfjcd  00. 
Before  !"!>.<  ho  edited  iind  jiiibliNlied  tlie  Charles- 
ton City  Clazelte,  wiiieh  he  sold  out  in  IHIO.  Mr. 
JefferHon  n|)i)ointed  liini  comniiNsioner  of  the  h)an 
office  in  South  Carolina.  He  was  a  forcible 
writer  and  a  man  of  great  learnin},'.  lie  knew 
the  (jreek,  Latin,  French,  Spanish,  Portuguese, 
and  Italian  languages.  IJy  residing  a  few  days  in 
his  cottage  out  the  city  ho  imbibed  n  fatal 
miasma. 

F]U;Y,  Joseph  S.C.F.,dicd  in  Ponfiac,Mich., 
June  a,  IS.jO,  aged  'H,  known  in  England  as 
"  The  converted  Jew."  He  was  active  in  forming 
the  London  Jews'  society  ;  ho  came  to  tills  coun- 
try in  1810.  He  was  a  Unptist  minister.  He 
j)ublishcd  several  works ;  among  them,  "  Jose])h 
and  lienjamin,"  examining  the  argument  of  the 
Jews. 

FIHNK,  John,  a  distinguished  physician,  died 
at  Kutiand,  Worcester  county,  Mass.,  in  1807. 

FUfSBIE,  Lkvi,  minister  of  Ipswich,  Mass., 
died  Feb.  2J,  1800,  aged  57.  He  was  the  son  of 
I'^lisha  F.  of  Uranford,  Conn.,  and  was  born  in 
April,  1748.  In  1707,  liaving  the  character  of  a 
])ious  youth  of  promising  talents,  lie  was  placed 
under  tlie  patronage  of  ])r.  Wheelock,  with  a 
special  view  to  the  missionary  scrnce.  He  en- 
tered Yale  college,  who.  e  he  continued  more  than 
three  years;  but  his  collegial  studies  were  com- 
pleted at  Dartmouth  college,  where  he  M-as  grad- 
uated, in  the  first  class,  in  1771.  In  June,  1772, 
he  and  David  ^lacclure  set  out  on  a  mission  to 
the  Delaware  Indians  west  of  the  Ohio,,  and  he 
returned  in  Oct.,  1773.  He  was  ordained  in 
1775,  and  then  continued  his  missionary  career. 
After  extendhig  his  laborn  to  dldcront  parts  of 
the  country  and  into  Canada,  the  convulsed  state 
of  America  obstructed  his  ])rogress.  He  was  set- 
tled the  minister  of  the  first  church  in  Ipswich,  as 
successor  of  NHthanici  Ilogcrs,  Feb.  7,  1770. 
His  widow  died  April,  1828,  aged  77.  He  was 
a  faithful,  evangelical  jireaehor,  whose  labors  at 
different  jieriods  it  jjleased  God  to  render  emi- 
nently useful.  His  discerning  mind  was  strength- 
ened by  a  close  ap])lication  to  study,  and  furnislied 
with  the  most  useful  knowledge  ;  and  all  his  ac- 
({uisitioiiH  were  consecrated  to  moral  and  religious 
l)uri)oses.  His  life  disjilaycd  the  humility,  meek- 
ness, and  benevolence  of  the  Christian.  Inter- 
esting and  instructive  in  conversation,  remarkably 
tender  of  the  character  of  others,  upright,  sin- 
cere, and  affectionate  in  all  the  relations  of  hfe, 
he  was  respected  and  beloved.  His  distrust  of 
himself  led  him  to  place  his  entire  deiiendence 
ujion  God,  and  to  ascribe  all  hope  to  the  riches 
of  Divine  mercy  in  Jesus,  the  Itedcemer.  lie 
published  an  oration  on  the  peace,  1783  j  on  the 


FUOST. 

death  of  Moses  Parsons,  1784  ;  two  ficrmon*  on  a 
day  of  ])ul)lic  fasting;  nt  a  tlianksgiving ;  nn 
eulogy  on  Washington,  1800;  before  the  society 
for  |)roj)agttting  the  gos])el  among  the  American 
Indians,  1804.  — Ihiutiiiijldu'ii  Funeral  iSermon  ; 
I'oiiojilinf,  I.  471,  572;   W'heilofl'n  Xairatirfn. 

FIUSIUE,  Lkvi,  jjrofessor  of  moral  jdiilosojihy 
at  Harvard  college,  died  at  Cambridge  July  9, 
1822,  aged  38.  He  was  the  son  of  the  preceding, 
and  was  born  at  Ipswich  in  1784.  After  gradu- 
ating in  1802,  he  engaged  in  the  study  of  the  law  ; 
Init  an  affection  of  his  ejes,  which  jiroved  to  be  a 
permanent  evil,  obliged  him  to  desist.  In  1805 
he  was  a])pointed  Latin  tutor,  and  professor  of 
moral  philosojjhy  in  1817.  He  was  an  admirable 
teacher  and  lecturer.  His  inaugural  address  was 
])id)lished  in  1817,  and  after  his  death  Prof. 
Norton  jiublislied  his  miscellaneous  writings,  with 
notices  of  his  life  and  character,  8vo.,  1823. 

FKOJLIGH,  Solomon,  I).  D.,  minister  of 
Scranenburg,  N.  J.,  died  Oct.  8,  1827,  aged  78. 
He  was  a  pastor  forty  years.  He  had  an  honor- 
ary degree  at  Princeton  in  1774. 

FROMEXTIN,  Eligu-.s,  senator  of  the  United 
States  from  Louisiana,  died  Oct.  0,  1822.  He 
was  elected  in  1813,  and  was  succeeded  by  James 
Urown  in  1810.  In  1821  he  succeeded  Mr.  Win- 
ston as  judge  of  the  criminal  court  of  Orleans; 
and  was  appointed  judge  of  the  western  district 
of  Florida.  Gen.  Jackson,  the  governor,  having 
demanded  in  vain  certain  documents  of  Col. 
Callava,  the  late  Spanish  governor,  threw  him 
into  prison,  from  which  he  was  relieved  by  a  writ 
of  habeas  corpus,  granted  by  Judge  Fromentin. 
This  act  of  judicial  authority  occasioned  a  long 
and  bitter  altercation  with  the  general,  who 
claimed  the  supreme  power.  For  the  sake  of 
I  quietness.  Judge  F.  resigned  his  office  and  re- 
turned to  the  practice  of  the  law  at  New  Orleans, 
where  he  died  of  the  yellow  fever.  His  wife  died 
the  jjreccding  day.  They  had  no  children.  He 
is  a  remarkable  instance  of  the  instabiUty  of  hu- 
man affairs.  He  jiublished  observations  on  a  bill 
resjiccting  land  titles  in  Orleans. 

FltONTENAC,  Louis,  count,  governor-gen- 
eral of  Canada,  succeeded  Courcelles  in  1678,  and 
in  the  sjiring  of  the  following  year  built  upon 
lake  Ontario  the  fort  which  bore  his  name.  He 
was  recalled  in  1682,  but  was  reinstated  in  his 
office  in  1089.  He  died  Nov.  28,  1698,  aged  77. 
His  exertions  conduced  in  a  great  degree  to  the 
])rotection  and  j)rosi)erity  of  Canada ;  but  he  was 
a  man  of  haughty  feelings,  suspicious,  revengeful, 
and  outrageous.  Notwithstanding  his  professions 
of  regard  to  religion,  it  was  very  evident,  that  he 
was  almost  completely  under  the  influence  of  am- 
bition. —  C/iac/croix,  I.  444-409,  543-570;  il. 
43,  237  ;  Holmes. 

FROST,  John,  brigadier-general,  died  in  Kit- 
tery,  Me.,  in  1810,  aged  72.    Born  in  that  town, 


FROST. 


FULTON. 


360 


ho  served  o«  an  officer  in  the  French  nn<l  Uevo- 
lutionnry  wars,  and  fought  in  various  Imttli'H.  Ho 
was  prcBcnt  with  liis  ref,Mn)cnt  at  the  Rurrcndor  of 
Hurgoync.  After  the  cIohc  of  the  war  he  hus- 
tained  various  civil  offices. 

F]U).ST,  Kdmi'ND,  misNionary  to  Bomltay,  was 
a  native  of  IJrattlehorou^jh,  Vt.,  and,  after  gradu- 
nting  at  Middlebury  college,  studied  theology  at 
Andover.  lie  was  ordained  at  tSalem  Sejjt.  25, 
1H23,  and  embarked  with  his  wife,  a  native  of 
Chester,  N.  II.,  on  the  27th,  for  Calcutta.  June 
2S,  1824,  he  arrived  at  IJombay,  and  joined  the 
missionaries,  Mr.  Hall  and  Mr.  Graves.  liut  he 
died  of  a  pulmonary  comiilaint  Oct.  18,  1825, 

FJIOST,  John,  an  early  j)reacher  in  Oneida 
county,  X.  Y.,  was  n  graduate  of  Williams  college 
in  180(5;  was  of  the  theological  seminary,  at  An- 
dover, in  1810 ;  and  died  at  Water«lle,  N.  Y.,  in 
1842,  aged  about  50.  For  nearly  twenty  years 
he  was  |)astor  of  the  church  in  Whitesborough. 
I  Ic  was  a  preacher  at  Waterville,  at  the  time  of 
his  death. 

FKOTHIXGHAM,  Joiix,  judge,  died  at  Port- 
land in  182(i,  aged  70.  He  was  a  graduate  of 
Harvard  in  1771.  He  discharged  well  the  duties 
of  various  offices.  I  le  was  judge  of  ])robate  from 
1804  to  IN  11,  when  thai  court  was  dissolved. 

FUOTHIXGHAM,  William,  minister  of  Bel- 
fast, Me.,  died  June  24,  1852,  aged  77.  Born  in 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  he  graduated  in  1799;  was 
minister  of  the  third  church  in  Lynn  from  1804 
to  1817  ;  and  was  settled  at  Belfast  in  1819. 

FUYK,  Jonathan,  chaplain  to  Capt.  Love- 
well's  company,  was  a  native  of  A:idover,  and 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1723.  In  Love- 
well's  fight  with  the  Indians  at  Pickwackct,  or 
Fryeburg,  in  May,  1725,  he  was  killed. 

FUYK,  JosKPii.  general,  died  in  1794,  aged  08. 
He  was  born  in  Ai"'over,  Mass.,  in  April,  1711, 
and  was  colonel  at  tne  capture  of  fort  William 
Heiny  in  1757.  In  1775,  he  was  jwovincial 
niaj'ir-gencral.  He  removed  to  Fryeburg  among 
the  early  settlers ;  and  from  him  the  town  re- 
ceived its  name. 

FUYK,  Jasies,  colonel,  was  bom  at  Andover, 
and  died  Jan.  8,  1770,  aged  GO.  He  was  a 
colonel  in  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  and  animated 
his  soldiers,  saying :  "  This  day,  thirty  years  ago, 
I  was  at  the  taking  of  Louisburg,  when  it  was 
RiUTondered  to  us.  It  is  a  fortunate  day  for 
America.  We  shall  certainly  beat  the  enemy." 
His  mistake  is  no  re])roach  to  his  bravery. 

1""UY1%  Pi;ti;r,  died  in  Camberwell,  near  Lon- 
don, on  his  birth-day,  Feb.  1,  1820,  aged  97. 
Born  in  Andover,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1744,  and  was  schoolmaster  in  Salem  seven 
years,  justice  of  the  common  jjlcas,  and  register 
of  probate  for  Essex.     He  was  a  loyalist. 

FllYE,  Simon,  judge,  was  among  the  first  set- 
tlers of  the  town  of  Fryeburg,  Me.,  where  he 
47 


died  in  Xov.,  1822,  aged  82.  He  was  a  patriot 
of  the  Ucvoli.:''m,  and  sustained  various  impor- 
tant offices ;  was  a  member  of  the  council,  and 
judge  of  the  common  jdcas  for  York,  and  chief 
jusiice  of  Oxford.  He  reared  up  a  numcToua 
family. 

FULLEU,  Samiki,,  n  physician,  one  of  the 
settlers  of  Plymouth  in  1020,  was  a  regularly  ed- 
ucated jihysician.  His  practice  extended  to  Mas- 
sachusetts. A  prevailing  sickness  called  him  to 
Salem  in  1028  and  1029.  Besides  being  a  sur- 
geon and  jihysician,  he  was  also  a  useful  deacon 
of  the  chitrrh.  He  died  of  a  fever  at  Plymouth 
in  Uhiii.  He  bequeathed  to  his  "sister,"  Alice 
Bradford,  12  shillings  to  buy  a  pair  of  glo>;«. 
His  wife  then  was  her  sister.  —  Thacher. 

FUIJ.KU,  Samikl,  first  minister  of  Middlebo- 
rough,  Mass.,  died  Aug.  17,  1095,  aged  70.  He 
was  a  deacon  at  Plymouth,  and  emigrated  to  Mid- 
dleborough,  and  occasionally  preached  and  was 
very  useful  for  sixteen  years,  until  a  church  was 
formed  and  he  was  ordained  in  1094. 

FULLEU,  AniiAiiAM,  judge,  died  in  Newton, 
Mass.,  in  1794.  He  was  a  jiatriot  of  the  llevo- 
lution,  and  held  various  public  offices.  As  head  of 
the  committee  of  the  provincial  congress  at  Con- 
cord, he  took  charge  of  the  military  i>upers  and 
removed  them  safely,  so  that  they  escaped  the 
hands  of  the  British  troops.  He  left  1,000  dol- 
lars toward  founding  an  academy  in  Xewton. 

FULLEU,  Timothy,  died  at  Groton,  Mass., 
Oct.  1,  1835,  aged  57.  He  was  a  graduate  of 
Harvard  in  1801,  a  lawyer,  and  a  member  of 
congress  from  1817  to  1825.  Madame  D'Ossoli 
was  his  sister. 

FULLEU,  Henry  H.,  died  at  Concord,  Mass., 
Sept.  15,  1852,  aged  G2.  Born  in  Princeton,  he 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1811.  His  practice  as  a 
lawyer  was  at  the  Suffolk  bar :  he  was  thirty  years 
in  the  profession. 

FULTOX,  BoBEUT,  a  celebrated  engineer,  died 
Feb.  14, 1815,  aged  50.  He  was  of  Irish  descent, 
and  was  born  in  Little  Britain,  Lancaster  county, 
Penn.,in  1705.  His  genius  disclosed  itself  at  an 
early  period.  He  was  attracted  to  the  shops  of 
mechanics;  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  he 
])aintcd  landsca])es  and  portraits  in  Philadelphia. 
Thus  he  was  ena1)led  in  part  to  jjurchase  a  small 
farm  for  Iiis  widowed  motlier.  At  the  age  of 
twenty-one  he,  i)y  the  advice  of  his  friends,  re- 
paired to  London  to  place  himself  under  the 
guidance  of  Mr.  West,  the  painter,  and  by  him 
was  kindly  received  and  admitted  as  an  uimate 
of  his  house  for  several  years.  Prosccutuig  liis 
business  as  a  i)ainter,  he  spent  two  years  in  Dev- 
onshire, where  he  became  acquainted  with  the 
Duke  of  Bridgewater  and  with  Lord  Stanhope, 
well  known  for  his  attachment  to  the  mechanic 
arts.  In  1793  he  engaged  in  the  project  of  im- 
proving inland  navigation,  and  in  1794  obtained 


370 


FULTON. 


GADSDEN. 


patcnta  for  a  double  inclined  plnnc,  and  for  mn- 
chincg  for  s])innin^'  flnx  and  mokiii;^  ropi's.  Tlic 
subject  of  canaU  now  chicily  occu])ic'd  his  atten- 
tion, and  at  tluH  ])erio(l,  in  l"!)(f,  liis  worlt  on 
canalH  wns  iiublislied.  In  lii.s  professicni  of  ii  civil 
engineer  he  was  (rreiitly  benefited  by  his  skill  in 
drawing  and  ]>ainting.  He  went  to  I'aris  in  1707, 
and,  being  received  into  the  fumily  of  Joel  liar- 
low,  he  there  spent  seven  years,  studying  chemis- 
try, jjhysicR,  and  mathematics,  and  acipiiring  a 
knowledge  of  the  Trcncli,  Italian,  and  Gorman 
languages.  To  him  Harlow  dedicated  his  Colum- 
biad.  In  Dec,  17!)",  he  made  his  first  experiment 
on  submarine  explosion  in  the  Seine,  but  without 
success.  His  plan  for  a  submarine  boat  was  af- 
terwards perfected.  In  1801,  while  he  was  resid- 
ing with  liis  friend,  Mr.  Harlow,  he  met  in  Paris 
Chmcellor  Livingston,  the  American  minister, 
■whi  exj)lained  to  him  the  importonce  in  America 
of  I  ivigating  boats  by  steam.  Mr.  Fulton  had 
aire-  dy  conceived  the  jiroject  as  early  as  1793,  as 
app'irs  by  his  letter  to  Lord  Stanhope,  Sept.  30. 
He  low  engaged  anew  in  the  affair,  and  at  the 
con.'ion  expense  of  himself  and  Mr.  Livingston 
bull,  a  boat  on  the  Seine  in  1803,  and  successfully 
navyated  the  river.  The  principles  of  the  steam 
cngi  10  he  did  not  invent ;  he  claimed  only  the 
app'-cation  of  water-wheels  for  proi)elling  vessels. 
In  J  ec,  1800,  he  returned  to  this  country ;  and  he 
and  Mr.  Linngston  built  in  1807  the  first  boat, 
the  Clermont,  one  hundred  and  thirty  feet  in 
length,  which  navigated  the  Hudson  at  the  rate 
of  five  miles  an  hour.  In  Feb.,  1809,  he  took  out 
his  first  patent.  In  1810  he  published  his  tor- 
pedo war.  In  1811  and  1812  he  built  two  steam 
ferry-boats  for  crossing  the  Hudson ;  he  contrived 
also  very  ingenious  floating  docks  for  the  rccej)- 
tion  of  these  boats.  In  1813  he  obtained  a  i)at- 
ent  for  a  submarine  battery.  Conceiving  the 
plan  of  a  steam  man-of-war,  the  government  in 
March,  1814,  appropriated  320,000  dollars  for 
oonstructing  it,  and  appointed  him  the  engineer. 
In  about  four  months  she  was  launched,  with  the 
name  of  Fulton,  the  first,  lie  was  employed  in 
improvuig  his  submarine  boat,  when  ho  died  sud- 
denly. His  wife,  whom  he  marrifnl  in  1608,  was 
Harriet,  daughter  of  Walter  Livingston.  His 
features  were  strong  and  interesting ;  his  man- 
ners easy ;  his  temper  mild ;  in  liis  domestic  and 
social  relations  he  was  affectionate,  kind,  and  gen- 
erous. The  two  inventiorfs  of  the  cotton  gin  by 
Whitney  and  of  steam  navigation  by  Fulton  have 
an  incalculable  effect  on  the  prosperity  of  this 
country,  and  may  show  the  bearing  of  genius, 
invention,  science,  and  skill  on  national  wealth. 
The  following  is  a  brief  exj)lanation  of  some  of 
his  inventions,  besides  the  steamboat :  1.  By  the 
machine  for  making  ropes,  which  can  stand  in  a 
••oom  forty  feet  square,  the  ropeyarns  are  jiut  on 
spools,  and  any  sized  cordage  made  by  one  man. 


2.  The  submarine  boat  had  a  main-nail  and  jib 
like  a  sloop ;  the  mast  and  sails  could  be  taken  in 
and  the  boat  dive  under  water  in  one  minute,  and 
be  rowed  and  steered  by  a  compass.  Thus  a  tor- 
|)cdo  could  be  fixed  to  the  bottom  of  Hhi|)s  of 
war.  Mr.  F.  and  three  others  contiiuied  uiuUt 
water  one  hour.  He  su])posed,  that  five  men 
might  continue  under  water  six  hours  and  rise 
fifteen  miles  from  the  place,  where  they  went 
down.  3.  The  torpedo  is  a  copper  case,  contain- 
ing fifty  or  one  hundred  jiounds  of  j)owder,  dis- 
charged l)y  a  gun  lock,  which  strikes  by  means  of 
clockwork,  set  to  any  short  time.  He  jjrojjosed 
to  attach  it  to  a  rope  of  sixty  or  eighty  feet,  and 
to  fasten  it  by  a  gun  har|)oon  to  the  bow  of  a  ves- 
sel, whose  motion  would  draw  it  under  her  bot- 
tom, and  thus  she  would  bo  blown  uj).  A  few 
row-boats,  each  with  a  torpedo,  might  attack  a 
shij)  of  war,  and  bo  jiretty  sure  to  succeed.  — 
Culdeu'H  Life  of  Fulton  ;  Kncijc.  American. 

FUKMAN,  ilicilAiU),  D.  D.,  an  eminent  Uaji- 
tist  minister  of  Charleston,  S.  C,  died  Aug.  25, 
1825.  He  had  been  nearly  forty  years  the  jiastor 
of  a  church  in  Charleston,  having  previously  been 
the  minister  of  Statesburgh  from  1774  to  1787. 
He  furnished  Ilamsay  with  a  statistical  account  of 
Camden,  and  published  a  sermon  on  the  death  of 
Oliver  Hart,  1790. 

GADSDEN,  CiiniSToriiER,  lieutenant-gover- 
nor of  South  Carolina,  and  a  distinguished  friend 
of  his  country,  died  Aug.  28, 1805,  aged  81.  Ho 
was  born  in  Charleston  in  1724.  Ho  was  a])- 
pointcd  one  of  the  delegates  to  the  congress, 
which  met  at  New  York  in  Oct.,  1765,  to  petition 
against  the  stamp  act.  He  was  also  chosen  a 
member  of  the  congress  which  met  in  1774.  Ho 
was  among  the  first,  who  oi)enly  advocated  repub- 
lican principles,  and  wished  to  make  his  country 
independent  of  the  monarchical  government  of 
Great  Britain.  "  The  decisive  genius,"  says  Kam- 
say,  "  of  Christopher  Gadsden  in  the  south  and 
of  John  Adams  in  the  north  at  a  much  earlier 
day  might  have  desired  a  complete  separation  of 
America  from  Great  Britain ;  but  till  the  year 
177G,  the  rejection  of  the  second  petition  of  con- 
gress, and  the  appearance  of  I'ainc's  pamphlet, 
common  sense,  a  reconciliation  with  the  mother 
country  was  the  imanimous  wish  of  almost  every 
other  American."  During  the  siege  of  Charles- 
ton in  1780  he  remained  within  the  lines  with  five 
of  the  council,  while  Governor  Rutledge,  with  the 
other  three,  left  the  city,  at  the  earnest  request  of 
Gen.  Lincoln.  Several  months  after  the  capitu- 
lation he  was  taken  out  of  his  bed,  Aug.  27th, 
and  with  most  of  the  civil  and  military  officers 
transported  in  a  guard  ship  to  St.  Augustine. 
This  was  done  by  the  order  of  Lord  Cornwallis, 
and  it  was  in  violation  of  the  rights  of  prisoners 
on  parole.  Guards  were  left  at  their  houses,  and 
the  private  papers  of  some  of  them  were  exam- 


OADSDEX. 


GAINE. 


371 


Jnrd.  A  pnrnlo  wiw  ofli-rrd  nt  St.  AiiRUStino ;  but  1 
mich  wa-t  Ills  iiHli;,'imtioii  at  tlic  un^fcncrous  trciit- 
liKMit  which  he  liiul  received,  that  lie  ref'uNeil  to 
iicre])t  it,  niid  liore  a  close  confinement  in  tiie 
c:ii;lie  ((If  forty-two  weeks  witli  tlie  jjrefttest  forti- 
tu(k\  In  ITH'J,  wlien  it  liecarne  necessary,  hy  tlie 
rotation  estahlisiu d,  to  clioose  a  new  fjoveriior,  lie 
was  elected  to  this  ollice  ;  hut  he  declined  it  on 
account  of  his  ajje.  lie  continued,  however,  his 
exertions  for  the  fjood  of  his  country,  hoth  in  the 
nssenihly  and  council,  and  notwit)istandin|r  the 
injuries  ho  iiad  Hurt'crcd  and  the  immense  loss  of 
his  jiroperty  ho  zealously  opposed  the  law  for  con- 
fisratin;?  the  estates  of  the  adhcrciitK  to  the  Urit- 
isli  jjovernnicnt,  and  contended,  that  sound  policy 
required  us  to  forgive  and  forget.  —  Howen's 
Fun.   Set:  ;  Itdinnai/'s  Itev.  of  Car.  I.  35,  55, 

01,  KU;  II.  I2r>,  :h6. 

O.Vl)S])KN',  C'liuisTol'IIER,  1).  D.,  hishop  of 
South  Carolina,  died  at  Charleston  June  25,  lft.V2, 
aged  (>".  IIo  was  a  grandson  of  Gen.  Christo- 
phcr  (i.,  and  was  graduated  at  Yale  in  1804. 
After  having  the  charge  of  several  cliurchcH  he 
was  elected  liishoj)  in  1S4(),  as  successor  of  Bishop 
IJowen.  lie  was  a  man  of  learning,  eloquence, 
Olid  ]iiety.  lie  jmhlished  a  sermon  on  the  death 
of  Itishop  Dehon,  1817. 

G.\FFIEL1),  Hknjamin,  was  drowned  in  at- 
tempting to  cross  the  river  in  order  to  escape  the 
Indians,  who  attacked  Hinsdale,  N.  II.,  in  1755. 
His  wife,  I'hinice,  was  carried  a  prisoner  to  Can- 
ada and  sold  to  the  French.  She  was  sent  to 
France,  and  thence  to  r'ngland ;  and  at  last  was 
liberated.  She  married  a  Mr.  Pratt,  and  died  at 
])nna,  Mass.,  in  1830,  aged  97. 

G.\GF,  TiioM.\s,  or  Friar  Thomas  of  St.  Mary, 
a  Catholic  missionary,  was  an  Irishman  educated 
at  St.  Omer's,  and  joined  the  Dominicans.  In 
1()25  he  went  out  from  Sjiain  to  Mexico  with  a 
band  of  missionories,  destined  for  the  I'hilippinc 
islands ;  but,  not  relishing  so  distant  a  mission,  he 
fled  to  Gautimala,  where  and  in  other  neighbor- 
ing iilaces  he  lived  as  a  missionary  to  the  Indians 
ten  m'  eleven  years.  In  1637  he  escaped  to  Eng- 
land and  became  a  Protestant  minister  at  Deal. 
He  published  a  new  survey  of  the  West  Indies, 
giving  an  account  of  his  mission  to  New  Spain 
and  of  his  travels ;  second  edit.  1655 ;  4th  edit. 
169!) ;  4th  edit,  in  French,  1720.  It  is  a  curious 
and  interesting  Iwok ;  though  Clavigero,  an  Ital- 
ian, might  well  after  the  laspe  of  one  hundred 
years  decry  it  and  represent  it  as  ftdl  of  falsehood, 
for  it  unveils  much  of  the  secrets  of  Catholicism 
and  describes  the  pope  as  antichrist. 

GAGE,  TiioM.^.s,  the  last  governor  of  Massa- 
chusetts appointed  by  the  king,  died  in  England 
in  Ajiril,  1787.  After  the  conquest  of  Canada 
in  1700,  he  was  appointed  governor  of  Montreal. 
At  the  departure  of  Gen.  Amherst  in  1763,  he 
succeeded  him  ns  commander  in  chief  of  his 


mnjcRty's  forces  in  America ;  ho  was  appointed 
governor  of  Maisachusetls,  and  arrived  at  llos- 
ton  -May  111,  1771.  He  was  u  suitable  instrument 
for  executing  the  iiurjioses  of  a  tyrannical  minis- 
try and  iiarlianient.  Several  regiments  soon  fol- 
lowed him,  ond  he  began  to  repair  the  fortifica- 
tions u])on  Iloston  neck.  The  jiowder  in  the 
arsenal  in  Charlestown  was  seized;  detatchmentD 
were  sent  out  to  take  possession  of  tho  stores  in 
Salem  and  Concord  j  and  the  battle  of  Lexington 
became  the  signal  of  war.  In  May,  1775,  the  pro- 
vincial congress  declared  (Jage  to  be  an  inveterate 
enemy  of  tho  country,  disqualified  from  serving 
the  colony  as  governor,  and  unworthy  of  obedi- 
ence. From  this  time  tho  exercise  of  his  func- 
tions was  confined  to  lioston.  In  June  he  issued 
a  proclamation,  ofl'ering  pordon  to  all  tho  rebels, 
exce])ting  Samuel  Adams  and  John  Hancock,  and 
ordered  the  use  of  the  martial  law.  But  tho 
affair  of  Breed's  hill  a  few  daj  s  aftcnvards  proved 
to  him  that  he  had  mistaken  the  character  of  tho 
Americans.  In  Oct.  he  embarked  for  Englond, 
and  was  succeeded  in  the  command  by  Sir  Wil- 
liam Howe.  His  conduct  toward  the  inhabitants 
of  Boston,  in  promising  them  liberty  to  leave  the 
town  on  the  delivery  of  their  arms,  and  then 
detaining  many  of  them,  has  been  reprobated  for 
its  treachery.  —  Stedmnn,  I.  95-110;  Gordon; 
Holmes;  Muinhall,  I.  391,440;  il.  163,  185,  270; 
III.  21 ;   Warren,  I.  127-132,  241. 

GAGEU,  William,  an  eminent  surgeon  and 
])hysician,  came  to  Charlestown,  Mass.,  in  1630, 
l)ut  soon  fell  a  victim  to  the  spotted  fever.  He 
died  Sept.  20,  1630. 

GAGEK,  WilIiam,  minister  of  Lebanon, 
Conn.,  died  in  1739,  oged  about  39.  Ho  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  in  1721,  and  was  the  predecessor  of 
E.  Wheelock. 

GAILLAIII),  John,  senator  of  the  United 
States  from  South  Carolina,  was  a  native  of  St. 
Stephen's  cV-:  rict.  He  voted  for  the  war  of  1812. 
Called  rep^  a.  .'.ly  to  preside  over  the  senate  in  the 
absence  of  tho  \  ;c  president,  he  presided  with  great 
impartiality.  He  died  at  Washington  Feb.  26, 
1826.  He  was  a  man  of  a  vigorous  understand- 
ing and  inflexible  integrity ;  firm  in  friendship ; 
fixed  in  his  political  principles;  yet  in  all  the 
conflicts  of  parties  maintaining  the  courtesy, 
which  is  too  often  forgotten. 

GAINE,  Hugh,  a  bookseller  in  New  York, 
was  bom  in  Ireland.  In  1752  he  published  the 
New  York  Mercury,  and  soon  opened  a  book-shop 
in  Hanover  square,  and  continued  in  his  profitable 
business  forty  years.  He  died  April  25,  1807, 
aged  81.  In  a  poetical  version  of  his  petition  at 
the  close  of  tho  war,  he  is  made  to  express  tho 
principle  by  which  many  others  have  been  found 
to  be  governed : 

"  And  I  alirayo  adhere  to  the  nwonl  that  is  longest, 
And  stick  to  tho  party  that 's  like  to  be  strongest." 

Thomas,  U.  103, 301,  483. 


372 


GAINES. 


GALLISON. 


OAINF,S,  F.liMfNl)  rKNDl.KTON,  mnjor-ffonernl, 
died  at  New  OrlciuiH  Juno  0,  18l!(,  imvd  12. 
Born  in  C'uliK'i)])or  county,  Vn.,  he  wiim  nimu'd 
after  his  Kmnd-uncle.  ]liM  Ciither  rcmovt'd  to 
EaHt  T<'nni'NHct',  whi-ro  tiie  wm  wan  a  liiMiti'imnt 
In  Indian  warfare  nt  the  iiffc  of  ei^rlileen.  In 
1801  ho  wiw  n|i|)ointed  military  collector  nt 
Moliilc.  In  1H(IH  he  arrested  Aaron  IJurr. 
AftcrwnrdK  he  hecaino  n  lawyer  i  hut  in  the  war 
of  1812  he  resumed  his  position  of  ca|)tain.  He 
commanded  a  re^'inient  at  the  hattle  of  Chryst- 
Icr'H  Fiehl  in  IHl.'J.  The  next  year  he  wan  a  hrig- 
odier-peneraj,  and  made  tt  succeHsful  defence  nt 
fortKrie;  hut,  l)einj{  wounded  hy  n  shell,  he  re- 
Nigned  the  command  to  (len.  Ui])ley.  Under 
Jackson  he  was  engaged  in  the  Creek  and  Semi- 
nole wars.  He  was  a  man  of  great  Rimplicity  of 
character,  and  of  integrity.  A  short  time  l)eforc 
his  death  his  wife  came  in  possession  of  a  large 
projjerty. 

GAIK,  TnoMAH,  ])nstor  of  the  second  Baptist 
church  in  Boston,  died  April  27,  1790,  aged  3o. 
Born  in  Boston,  he  graduated  nt  Providence  in 
1777,  and  was  for  ten  years  n  minister  at  Med- 
field.  He  succeeded  Mr.  Skillman  in  B.  in  1787 ; 
and  Dr.  Baldwin  was  his  successor.  He  jiub- 
lished  a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of  T.  Green, 
1783. 

OALATZIX,  Demktrius  Augustine,  died  at 
Loretto,  Cambrio  Co.,  Pa.,  May  0,  1^40,  aged  70. 
He  was  bom  at  Munstcr  in  Germany  in  1770. 
His  father  was  Prince  de  Galitzin,  of  Kussia.  He 
arrived  at  Baltimore  in  1792  j  having  studied  the- 
ology, he  took  up  his  abode  in  the  wilderness  of 
Cambria  county,  and  gathered  oround  him  a  Cath- 
olic population  of  three  or  four  thousand.  It  is 
said  he  expended  a  princely  fortune.  In  a  rude 
log  cabin  he  spent  thirty  years. 

GALE,  BicNJAMiN,  a  jjhysician,  was  bom  on 
Long  Island  in  1715,  but  his  parents  soon  re- 
moved to  Goshen,  N.  Y.  lie  graduated  at  Yale 
college  in  1733.  Having  studied  with  Jarcd 
Eliot,  of  Killingsworth,  he  married  his  daughter, 
and  settled  in  that  town,  where  he  died  in  1 790, 
aged  16.  He  was  an  eminent  ]>hysician  and  ag- 
riculturist, and  was  deeply  concerned  also  in 
politics.  He  invented  a  drill  i)lough  j  he  wrote  a 
dissertation  on  the  prophecies  j  he  published  n 
treatise  on  the  inoculation  for  the  small  pox, 
about  1750.  His  method  of  a  prepaiatory  course 
of  mercury  was  commended  in  England.  The 
same  was  employed  in  1745  by  Dr.  Thompson,  of 
Pennsylvnnia,  and  Dr.  Morison,  of  Long  Island. 
In  the  ti  actions  of  the  royal  society,  vol.  LV., 
he  publisi  historical  memoirs  on  inoculation, 
and  accouiii  of  the  cure  by  salt  of  the  bite  of  the 
rattlesnake.  —  Thacher. 

GALES,  JosEPU,  died  at  Raleigh,  N.  C,  Aug. 
24,  1841,  aged  80.  He  was  the  father  of  Joseph 
G.,  of  Wasliington.    Born  in  England,  he  was  a 


printer  and  bookseller  in  ShctHi'ld  i  he  emigrated 
to  Pliiladi'l|>hia  in  17IM,  and  in  1799  to  Kalcigh. 
I''{>r  forty  years  he  pul)liKlu'(l  the  l(alei(;h  Uegis- 
fer.     He  was  l)lnmeless,  benevolent,  pious. 

(iAIJ.ATIX,  Al.lii.UT,  died  nt  the  house  of  his 
son-in-lpw  in  Astoria,  I..  I.,  Aug.  12,  IHI9,  aged 
88.  He  was  liom  in  Switzerland  Jan.  29,  17(11. 
His  ancestor,  John  O.,  secretary  to  the  Duke  of 
Savoy,  emigrated  to  Geneva.  (irnduating  in 
1779,  he  came  to  .Vtneriea  in  1"N0.  He  com- 
manded a  fort  at  Maeliinsi  then  liecame  a  tutor 
in  I'Vench  at  Cambridge  ;  thence  he  ))roceeded  to 
Virginia.  Ueceiving  now  liis  |)atrimony.  i)e  made 
the  purchase  of  new  lands.  He  settled  in  I'av- 
ette  county,  on  the  Monongahela,  and  became 
soon  a  prominent  meml)er  of  the  legislature  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  then  a  member  of  congress. 
In  1793  he  was  n  senator  of  the  I'nited  States 
for  a  short  time.  Mr.  Jefferson  called  him  in 
1801  to  be  secretary  of  the  treasury.  In  181,'J  ho 
was  sent  with  others  to  negotiate  with  Great 
Britain  under  the  mediation  of  Itussia;  and  he 
afterwards  assisted  at  Ghent  in  the  treaty  of 
peace.  From  1810  to  1823  ho  was  minister  at 
Paris.  After  1828  he  became  a  citizen  of  New 
York.  He  was  president  of  the  notional  bank 
from  1831  till  he  was  succeeded  by  his  son  James 
in  1839;  he  was  also  president  of  the  New  York 
historical  society.  His  wife,  Hannah,  daughter  of 
James  Nicholson,  of  New  York,  whom  lie  mar- 
ried about  1794,  died  May  14,  1849,  aged  82  j 
amidst  the  varied  scenes  of  her  life  she  was 
never  unmindful  of  her  religious  duties.  He 
wrote  agoinst  war  and  on  the  currency,  and  ])ub- 
lished  elaborate  essays  on  the  Indian  languages. 
—  Evening  Post ;  lioston  Advertiser,  Aug.  15. 

GALLAUDET,  Peter  W.,  died  at  Washing- 
ton May  17, 1843,  aged  88.  He  was  a  soldier  of 
the  Ilevolution.  He  toiled  untiringly  in  estab- 
lishing the  Washington  manual  labor  school,  and 
the  Howard  institution  was  acquainted  with  his 
devotion  to  the  cause  of  Christian  charity. 

GALLAUDET,  Thomas  Hopkins,  LL.  D., 
died  in  Hartford  Sept.  10,  1851,  ngcd  03.  Born 
in  Philadel])hia  Dec.  10,  1787,  he  graduated  at 
Yale  in  1805.  After  serring  some  years  as  a 
tutor,  he  studied  theology,  and  was  licensed  to 
preach  in  1814.  But  now  he  turned  his  atten- 
tion to  the  instruction  of  deaf  mutes.  After  vis- 
iting Europe,  he  opened  the  asylum  for  the  deaf 
and  dumb  at  Hartford  in  1817,  but  from  ill 
health  resigned  his  place  in  1830,  and  engaged  in 
other  philanthropic  labors.  In  1838  he  was  chap- 
lain at  the  insane  hospital.  H.  Barnard  delivered 
a  discourse  on  his  character  in  1852.  His  monu- 
ment was  erected  by  the  deaf  and  dumb  Sept.  6, 
1854.  He  published  various  discourses  in  1818, 
1821,  1824;  6  vols,  of  annals  of  the  deaf  and 
dumb. 

GALLISON,  John,  a  lawyer,  was  born  at  Mar- 


GALLOWAY. 


OANO, 


373 


born  at  Mar- 


hli'licad  in  Oct.,  1788.  Hi*  mothrr  wnn  wntcr  of 
Judfft'  Si'wull.  AIUt  iiractisiiij^  !uw  for  a  Nhorl 
time  in  Marlili'iicad,  lie  ri-nuivi'il  to  ItoNtoii, 
wliciT,  for  II  yc'or  or  two,  hi-  wn.s  I  lie  editor  of  the 
W.-i'Kly  Mcssciijjir.  lie  died  Kic.  2.>,  IN^O, 
ii^»cd  '.i'2.  He  ])iililisiK-d  r<'i>()rts  of  oiihcs  decided 
in  tlic  circuit  court,  'J  vols.,  IS17  j  addrosn  to  the 
jieare  Ho'ciely,  IH'JO, 

OAI.I.OWAY,  Ji)Mi;i'ii,  nsi  eminent  lawyer  in 
I'ennsylvaiiia,  died  in  Mn^land  in  Sejit.,  INO.'J. 
He  wan  a  inenilier  of  the  iLsHcmlily  of  that  prov- 
ince in  May,  17(il,  when  the  Milijoct  of  ii  petition 
in  favor  of  a  chanj^c  of  the  government  from  that 
of  n  projirietary  to  a  royal  noveniment  wa.s  cUm- 
ciissed.  John  Dickinnon  waH  o])poHcd  to  the 
]ietitii)n,  and  >[r.  Galloway  nnHwcred  his  Npeech 
with  much  warmth.  Moth  HjieecheH  were  ])rinted, 
and  Mr.  Dickinson,  after  an  inetfectiial  challenge, 
wrote  liiH  "  Answer  to  a  jiicee,  called  the  Hpeech 
of  Joseph  Galloway."  After  having  been  for 
Homc  time  Rpeidicr  of  the  house  of  nssemhly,  he 
was  appointed  a  meinhcr  of  the  iirst  congress  in 

1774.  Ho  nlterwards  deserted  tlic  American 
cause,  joining  the  IJritish  nt  New  York  in  Dec, 
1770,  and  remained  with  the  nrmy   till  Juno, 

1775.  His  counsels  and  exertions  were  of  little 
avail  against  the  resolute  spirit  of  millions,  deter- 
mined to  ho  free.  By  his  own  account  he  aban- 
doned an  estate  of  the  value  of  40,000  jiounds. 
In  1770  ho  was  examined  before  the  house  of 
commons  on  the  transactions  in  America,  and  his 
representation  did  not  do  much  credit  to  tlie 
British  commanders.  The  preface  to  his  speech, 
which  was  published  in  1704,  was  written  by  Dr. 
Franklin,  who  sujjported  the  same  cause.  It 
presents  a  lustory  of  the  proprietary  government. 
Mr.  Galloway  published  also  observations  on  the 
conduct  of  Sir  William  Howe,  in  which,  notwith- 
standing his  attachments,  he  discloses  and  repre- 
hends the  shocking  brutality  of  the  British  troops, 
especially  in  New  Jersey.  The  following  work,  it 
is  believed,  is  the  production  of  his  pen :  brief 
commentaries  upon  such  parts  of  the  revelation 
and  other  pro])hccies  as  immediately  refer  to  the 
present  times,  London,  1802.  He  published  a 
letter  to  Howe  on  his  maul  conduct ;  letters  to  a 
nobleman  on  the  conduct  of  war  in  the  middle 
colonies,  1779;  reply  to  the  observations  of  Gen. 
Howe ;  cool  thoughts  on  the  consequences  of 
American  independence ;  candid  examination  of 
the  claims  of  Great  Britain  and  her  colonies  j  re- 
flections on  the  American  rebellion,  London,  1780. 
—  Ilist.  Coll.  II.  93 ;  Monthly  Review,  XXXII. 
67;  LXI.  71;  Franklin's  Works,  ill.  163. 

GALLUP,  JosKPii  A.,  M.  1).,  founder  of  the 
medical  histitution  in  Woodstock,  Vt.,  died  Oct. 
12,  1849,  aged  80. 

GALUSHA,  Jonas,  governor  of  Vermont,  died 
at  Shaftsbury  in  Oct.,  1834. 

OAMAGE,  WiLLUM,  M.  D.,  a  physician  in 


DoMton,  wa«  the  son  of  Dr.  Wm  0.,  of  Cam 

bridge,  who  died  Jan.  1,  IN'.' I,  aged  7(1.  Ho 
graduated  at  Harvard  cnilcgc  in  t NO'.',  and  died 
Oct.  i^,  IHIH,  o^ed  117.  lb'  pulilinhed  several  arti- 
cles in  the  New  Miigland  journal  of  medicine,  and 
some  account  of  the  fever  of  1N17  and  lNlN,wilh 
remarks  on  typhus. 

G.\.M.\(il';,  Jonathan,  died  at  Fryeburg  in 
Vug.,  IHI.'l,  age<l  1)0,  in  conse((uence  of  the  ex- 
citement of  attending  the  liiinker  Hill  celebration 
at  Charlestown,  occasioning  the  h>sH  of  reas(m. 
,\  fellow  soldier  of  the  same  ago,  Josiah  ('leave- 
land,  died  from  the  same  cause. 

(l.\Mlt()l,D,  John,  Moravian  missionary,  re- 
sided at  Spring  I'hice  among  the  Cherokees  in 
1HI7,  when  he  was  visited  by  Mr.  CorneliuH,  By 
his  latiors  Mr.  Hicks  liecanu-  a  Christian  convert. 
In  1H27  he  resided  within  thirty  miles  of  Spring 
I'lace,  at  Oochelogy,  and  in  tluit  year  he  died, 
Nov.  Otli,  after  a  long  jieriod  of  weakness  and 
suffering.  IIo  was  a  faithful  servant  of  his 
Master. 

GANNETT,  Caleh,  minister  of  Andicrst  and 
Cuml)erland,  N.  S.,  died  at  Cambridge  Aj)ril  25, 
1818,  aged  72.  He  was  bom  in  Bridgewater, 
Mass.,  Aug.  22,  1745,  graduated  at  Harvard  col- 
lege in  1763,  and  was  ordained  Oct.  12,  1767  j 
but  from  inadequate  su|)]iort  returned  to  New 
Kngland  in  1771.  For  some  years  he  was  a  tutor 
in  the  college,  and  steward  from  1780  till  hia 
death.  Ho  married  a  daughter  of  President 
Stiles.  In  the  transactions  of  the  American 
academy,  vols.  i.  and  II.,  ho  jjublished  observa- 
tions of  an  eclipse,  and  two  ])apers  on  the  aurora 
borealis.  —  2  Hist.  Coll.  viii.  277-285. 

OANO,  John,  minister  in  New  York,  died  Aug. 
10,  1804,  aged  77.  He  collected  the  first  Baptist 
society  in  that  city,  and  was  ordained  its  pastor  in 
1762.  Early  e8])ousing  the  cause  of  his  country 
in  the  contest  with  Great  Britain,  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  war  he  joined  the  standard  of 
freedom  in  the  capacity  of  chaplain.  His  ])reach- 
ing  contributed  to  impart  a  determined  spirit  to 
the  soldiers,  .and  he  continued  in  the  army  till  the 
conclusion  of  the  war.  When  a  lieutenant,  after 
uttering  some  profane  expressions,  accosted  him, 
saying,  "  Good  morning,  Dr.  Good  Man,"  he  re- 
plied, "You  jjray  early  this  morning."  The 
reproved  man  said,  "I  beg  your  pardon."  —  "O," 
retorted  Mr.  G.,  "  I  cannot  pardon  you ;  carry 
your  case  to  God."  He  left  his  society  in  New 
York  in  1788,  and  removed  to  Kentucky.  Ho 
died  at  Frankfort,  resigned  to  the  Divine  will, 
and  in  the  hope  of  e\erla8ting  blessedness  in  the 
Iffcsence  of  liis  Kedeemer.  Memoirs  of  his  life, 
written  jjrincipally  by  himself,  were  published  in 
12mo.,  1806.  —  (lane's  Memoirs. 

GANO,  Stephen,  D.  D.,  son  of  the  preceding, 
died  at  Providence  Aug.  28, 1818,  aged  65,  in  the 
thirty-sixth  year  of  his  ministry.    Besides  editing 


374 


(lAXSF,V(K)in'. 


GAllDlNLU. 


] 


the  mcmoirN  of  liin  fiitlicr,  \\v  iiulili'-licil  a  'rrmnii 
ut  (he  ordirintiiiii  of  .1.  Iliiidli  y,  |H(ll. 

().\NSr.V()()in'.ri.lni.Jii!.lirlKii.lii'r-K<''H'Ml, 
(tit'il  July  2,  INI'J,  M^'cd  (i'J.  Ill'  \tiiN  JMirii  in  Al- 
iMiiiy  July  17,  I7I!».  \yU\\  llic  niiik  of  iimjur  lie 
oci'i)in|iiiiiic(l  MoiiijfDincry  to  ('iiiiiiilii  in  I77.». 
He  (■r)iiiiiiiinil('il  lit  I'ni't  StiiM\(ix,  iin  ioIiiiuI,  ulicn 
it  wim  ln'Hii'f{i'(l  liy  Si,  l,i'>{cr  in  1777.  Ilr  rcNo- 
liitely  (iil'i'iiili'il  till-  post  IVoni  Aii^'.  'J  to  U'l',  until 
the  ii|)|iri)iii'li  (if  Aniiild  diniirrNcd  the  IndiiillNiuid 
f(tt\('  liiiii  ri'lii'C  l''()i'  liiri  );idhint  dcf'cnci'  liu  re- 
ceivi'd  the  tImiikN  of  coii^fri nm.  In  17HI  he  was 
appointed  liri(,mdiir-f{enend  l)y  the  State.  Afler 
the  wiir  lie  was  military  aKent  and  iutruHled  with 
other  odiees.  lie  wns  hrnvc,  intelligent,  and 
fuithl'iil,  and  highly  respeeted, 

(iAJlDKX,  Ai.KX  \Mu;ii,  nn  Kpiscopnl  niiniNter, 
wan  horn  in  Seotland  in  KIN.'),  eame  to  ClmrieNton 
ahout  1  "HO,  and  died  in  17,j(l,  aj^ed  7().  lie  was 
tlic  fuitht'ul  eoniniisNary  of  the  IjiHliop  ot'  r.oiidon 
for  the  CarolinaN,  (ieor^fin,  and  the  Dahama  islandH. 
He  was  a  man  of  learning  and  of  cluirity.  A 
tenth  of  liiH  income  he  jjave  to  the  poor.  He 
puhliHlied  Nix  letters  to  Mr.  Wliitefield,  1710  j 
doctrine  of  justi(lcati</ii  vindicated;  two  iternioiiN, 
1'42.—  l!i'iiii.iai/,  II.  l(»,UUt. 

(lAIll)i;X,  Ai.KXANDKH,  ]).  I).,  F.  R.  S.,  a 
l)hyKician,  was  the  Non  of  ]{ev.  A.  G.,  of  Uirse, 
Ahordeeii,  who  died  al)out  17H4.  Hovinf,' studied 
jjliVHic  at  r,dinl)uij,'h,  ho  came  to  Charleston,  S.  C, 
nlMHit  17.j(),  and  hy  iiis  jiracticc  of  thirty  years 
acquired  a  fortune.  In  17H3  he  returned  to 
Europe,  and  died  in  London  Ajiril  l.l,  1701,  nf,'ed 
fi3.  He  was  miieli  devoted  to  the  study  of  natural 
liistory,  particularly  of  botany,  and  made  a  num- 
ber of  coininunicatioiiN  on  those  subjects  to  his 
l)hilosoi)hical  friends  in  Kuroj)e,  In  comj)limcnt 
to  him  the  greatest  botanist  of  the  age  gave  the 
name  of  Gardenia  to  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
flowering  shrubs  in  the  world.  He  introduced 
into  medical  use  the  Virginia  pink  root  os  a  ver- 
mifuge, and  published  in  1704  an  account  of  its 
medical  ijrojjerties,  with  a  botanical  description ; 
n  second  edition,  1772. —  Thacher ;  I'amsaij's 
Ileview  of  Medicine,  42, 44  i  Miller's  Retrospect, 
I.  319. 

GARDINER,  CimisTOPHEn,  an  adventurer,  to 
be  remembered  for  nothing  good,  came  to  Mas- 
sachusetts in  1G30  with  pretensions  to  ])iety,  but 
bringing  with  him  "a  comely  young  woman, 
whom  he  called  his  cousin."  He  would  liave  been 
better  received  in  such  a  new  colony  as  that  of 
tlie  Mormons  in  Utah,  where  there  is  no  scru])le 
about  allowing  seven  wives.  But  in  the  old  liay 
State  Gardiner  was  arrested  in  1631  on  the 
charge  of  having  two  wives  in  England.  In  re- 
venge, he,  in  1032,  with  Morton,  presented  a  pe- 
tition to  th(!  king  against  the  colony,  accusuig  the 
colonists  of  intended  rebellion. 

GARDINER,  Lion,  an  early  settler  in  Connec- 


liciif  and  Xew  York,  and  n  man  of  charnotrr  and 
iiilliii'iice,  died  in  t<!f):i  ill  I'.aNi  lliiinptiiii,  Long 
Island.  A  nolivi-  of  l''.ii;;lanil,  bred  to  the  pro- 
f(">Ni(in  of  ariiiN,  an  cngiiircr,  he  eii;'af;i'd  in  i|>|i 
wars  of  HiiIImiiiI,  wIm  re  he  brciuiic  ('(iiiiiccli  iI  with 
I'rtcfH,  lliivi'iipiirt,  and  ullirr  I'nrilanw,  and  was 
indiuril  to  procri'd  tn  Sajlirool.  in  the  Kr\i(e  of 
the  patrnlet"<,  in  making  ii  city,  tiiwiis,  and  forts, 
lie  cniliarki'd  with  his  wile,  Mary  ^^'il('^lNon,  an 
excellmt  Hollander  lady,  in  li;;!,'),  and  rrosHcd 
the  oeean  in  a  small  erall  of  twenty-five  Ioiih,  and 
arriving  at  Sayluook  Nov.  2S,  commenrcd  its  mi- 
tlement.  The  next  year  he  luiill  llic  lort.  IIIm 
policy  was  to  live  in  peace  with  the  Indians.  His 
'son  l)avid,  born  .\pril  -!(,  1030.  was  the  first 
white  child  born  in  ('onnetlicnt.  He  piirchnsed 
of  the  sachem  Wyandaneh  the  ihland  ni)«  called 
(iardiner's  Island,  of  three  thousand  acres.  Hero 
he  settled  as  a  farmer  in  I03l»,  the  first  l!nglisli 
settlement  in  Xew  York.  In  lOIS  iii'  became  a 
projirietor  of  I'.ast  Hamjiton,  to  which  jjlnce  ho 
removed  in  lO.J.'l,  and  lived  there  fen  years.  His 
influence  over  the  Montaukett  Indians  was  great 
and  important.  All  his  large  estate  he  bequeathed 
to  liis  wife,  who  survived  him  two  years ;  and, 
dying,  Gardiner's  Island  was  entailed  u])on  her  son 
David,  and  it  has  descended  through  eight  jjro- 
]irietors,  from  David  to  John,  and  from  John  to 
Dand,  to  the  jiresent  generation,  the  descent 
from  father  to  son  not  having  been  broken. 
President  Tyler  married  into  this  family.  A  me- 
moir is  in  historical  collections,  3d  series,  vol.  X. 

GARDINER,  Syi.vesti:«,  a  j)hysician,  was 
born  in  Rhode  Island  in  1717.  His  grandfather 
emigrated  from  England.  Having  studied  hifi 
])rofession  several  years  in  France  and  F'ngland, 
he  i)ractiscd  ])hysic  very  successfully  in  Uoston  j  ho 
also  established  a  very  profitable  drug-sho]).  Ac- 
quiring great  wealth,  he  connected  himself  with  the 
Plymouth  land  company,  and  purchased  exten- 
sive tracts  of  land  in  Elaine.  At  the  commence- 
ment of  the  Revolution  he  was  a  tory  re- 
fugee, and  of  his  large  estate  was  able  to  take 
with  him  only  400  ])ounds.  His  lands,  about 
one  hundred  thousand  acres,  were  confiscated  and 
sold  at  auction ;  but  liis  heirs,  through  some  in- 
formality, were  re-invested  with  the  property. 
AJ^n  the  war  he  returned  to  Newjiort,  where 
he  died  of  a  malignant  fever,  Aug.  8,  1780,  aged 
08.  He  displayed  in  his  life  the  moral  virtues 
and  a  regard  to  the  duties  of  religion.  In  his 
will  he  bequeathed  ten  acres  and  a  small  sum  of 
money  for  the  Episcoj)al  society  in  Gardiner,  and 
Jirectcd  the  small  house  of  worshij)  to  be  finished  j 
but  it  was  soon  burnt  by  an  Insane  man,  McCaus- 
land,  in  1773.  —  Thacher;  Greeuleaf's  Eccles. 
Sketches,  227. 

GARDINER,  John  Sylvester  John,  D.  D., 
Ei)iscoj)al  minister  in  Boston,  became  assistant  to 
Dr.  Parker  April  12,  1792,  and  died  at  Harrow- 


OAUDNF.U. 


OAHTON. 


.178 


(jnto  Sprinffn,  Kn^flund,  July '.'((,   18.10,  n^jfil  fl.V  ' 
Hi-  was  (li.-.tiii(<iiiKlii'tl  Cor  liii  litirury  iilliiinnii'iit"'. 
and  %('iil<iiiH  liir  what  lii'  rc^artlcil  dm  tlic  Artiiiii- 
inii    mill    'rrinitiuiaii    tcjiclN   iif    t\\c    l'',|)iM('ii|>ai 
cliurcli,  iind  no  Icmn  /I'lilous  in  jiolitics.     lie  pnli- 
lixlird  II  Ncrnion  at  the  iirdiiiation  of  J.  Ilowcrs, 
\Hi)'2\    lifl'orc    till-    liiiininif   hocii'ty  t    lii'loic    tln' 
chnritalilc  lire  Nocicty,    INO;);  on    the    dratli  of  \ 
Uishoii    I'arkcr,    IHdl  i    of   Dr.    I.'.oyd,  and   J).; 
ScarHi  of  (ico.  Ilitfxinhon,  and  'I'lioniaNC.  Anuiry,  | 
ISl'Ji  at  u  fast,  IMO.S,  and  1H12  i  licfort-  a  foninlc  | 
OHylnm,   1<S()!I;  on  the  Divinity  of  .IcNnN   ('lirist, 
iSlOj    prc'si-rvativo  a^^iiinxt  UnitarianiHm,  IS|  1 1 
iK'fdi'c  llu>  Mocicly  of  (lonalionH,  ISI.'J. 

(iAllDNKIl,  N.vni.vMi;!,,  dii-d  in  IJosfon  in 
17(i(),  a);i'd  aliout  II.  Ho  f;raduutt.'d  in  IT.'iO, 
and  waH  many  ycarN  uhIut  in  the  Latin  Hchool 
under  tiie  ci'k'hratcd  liOvell.'  He  waH  honored 
for  his  classical  taste  and  nci|uireinentN.  He 
pul)iislie(l  some  lOnf^lish  poems,  and  n  Latin 
translation  of  AVatts'  ode  on  the  nativity  of 
Clirist.  —  Miiiithlij  AnllinlDijij,  iv.  JJH. 

OAIIDNKH,  John,  minister  of  Stow,  died  Jan. 
10, 1773,  aged  70.  He  was  horn  in  CliarleHtown; 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  17  lo;  and  was  settled 
in  17 IH.  His  jjredocessor,  the  first  minister,  was 
John  livelcth  ;  his  successors,  Jonathan  Newell  in 
177-1,  and  John  I,.  Sibley  hi  1821). 

GAUDNlvU,  OiionoKi  a  l)enefactor  of  Harvard 
collej^e,  died  at  Salem  in  1773.  He  was  (gradu- 
ated in  1702,  and  was  a  merchant.  He  iicquoathed 
to  the  college  4,807  dollars,  for  the  education  of 
poor  scholars  ;  1,100  to  tiie  poor  of  Salem  ;  nnd 
7,333  to  the  mariue  society  for  superannuated  sea- 
men. The  legacies  became  duo  on  the  death  of 
his  brother,  Weld  O.,  in  Nov.,  1801. 

GAllDNER,  Henry,  first  treasurer  of  Massa- 
chusetts, in  the  time  of  the  Hevolition.died  in  1782, 
aged  about  02.  He  was  the  son  of  llev.  Mr.  G.,  of 
Stow,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1750.  From 
1707  he  was  a  member  of  the  general  court  until 
the  Revolution  j  and  then  was  the  faithful,  patri- 
otic treasurer,  till  his  death.  He  was  also  coun- 
cillor, and  judge  of  the  court  of  common  jjleas 
for  Middlesex.  In  every  office  he  manifested  in- 
tegrity, prudence,  firmness.  He  was  also  a  pious 
man  and  humble  Christian ;  and  in  the  faith  and 
hopes  of  the  gospel  he  died  in  peace. 

GAllDNER,  Joseph,  died  at  Boston  April  3, 
1800,  aged  92.  A  graduate  of  Cambridge  in 
1732,  he  was  settled  May  15,  1740,  as  colleague 
with  Rev.  N.  Clap  of  Newport ;  but  was  dismissed 
in  1743.  He  was  justice  of  the  common  pleas 
for  Suffolk. 

GARDNER,  Fkancis,  minister  of  Leominster 
more  than  half  a  century,  died  in  1814,  aged  70. 
Born  in  Stow,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1755. 
His  son,  John,  died  in  Aug.,  1850,  aged  89.  He 
published  a  thanksgiving  sermon,  1795 ;  half-cen- 
tury, 1812. 


GAnDNT'.R.  I'lliKiiUNK.rolonrl,  dVd  in  Wist 
IH(i<'ni('nld,  .\.  Y.,  April  l;i,  1H3H.  ngtd  72.  Ho 
was  a  natJM'  <if  Norwich,  Conn,  lie  and  iiis  wife 
were  the  llrst  inhuMlants  of  \V.  Jl,,in  I7M»,  fnmi 
V\wi\  to  Itiiiriiio  \:i\\\)i  nlniosl  an  ciilirc  wildcriicNS. 
In  till'  WiU'of  |H12  lie  wiis  WDundiil  and  taken  pris- 
oner, lie  was  a  ^'oiid  cili/eii.  alienevolriit  man, an 
eminent  Christian.  He  was  acciistouied  to  do 
what  to  some  would  lie  harder  than  to  meet  tiio 
fare  of  an  enemy  in  war  i  lie  was  acciistiimed  to 
ask  of  a  stranger,  with  a  sjiirit  of  aU'ection,  "  Do 
you  lo\e  the  Saviour','" 

(iAUDNI'.K,  lli:.MtV,  Dr.,  died  in  Chnrlcs- 
town.  Mans.,  .Viif,'.  22,  IH.'jI,  aged  HI.  Horn  in 
('.,  he  gradiiited  at  Harvard  in  17!t7. 

(iAUl.AND,  IIt(iii  A.,  died  in  St.  Louis  Oct. 
11,  1801,  an  eminent  hu. yer,  a  native  of  Virfjinia, 
He  was  elerk  of  the  house  at  Washington  from 
1830  to  1811.  He  imlilished  a  lite  of  John  llan- 
dolj)h. 

G.VU\F;rT,  JAMKsMf.iinm,  died  in  Elmwood, 
Essex  touiity,  Va.,  May,  1813,  aged  02.  He  wan 
tt  member  of  Congress,  from  1800  to  1800.  His 
life  was  nuicli  and  honorably  devoted  to  the 
cause  of  education  and  agriculture;  his  public 
addresties  were  very  aece])tii'  'n. 

GAItU.MlD,  J.VMlis,  gi/wrnor  of  Kentucky 
from  1700  to  1804,  was  a  native  of  Virginia,  and 
an  odicer  of  the  Revolution.  He  was  among  the 
first  adventurous  settlers  of  Kentucky,  and  died 
at  Mount  Lebanon,  Bourbon  county,  Jan.  19, 
1822,  oged  73. 

GAURETSON,  CAniEniNE,  died  at  lU-d  Hook 
in  1710,  aged  90  years  and  0  months.  She  was 
the  sister  of  Chancellor  liiviiigston,  and  the 
widow  of  F.  Garretson,  a  Methodist  minister. 

GARRETT,  Jamk.s,  missionary  jjiinler  for 
twelve  years,  died  at  Bombay  July  17,  1831. 
Tiie  day  before  his  death  he  summoned  his  twenty 
workmen  to  his  bedside,  and  addressed  them  in 
Mahratta,  and  exhorted  them  to  repent  and  to 
believe  in  Christ  i\-^  their  only  Saviour  j  with  tears 
they  heard  the  last  counsels  of  a  dying  Christian. 
Mr.  G.  lived  in  Utica,  when  ho  entered  the  mis- 
sionary service.  An  account  of  his  death  is  in 
the  Missionary  Herald,  1832. 

GASSETT,  Hh^xiiY,  a  merchant,  died  in  Bos- 
ton Aug.  15,  1855,  aged  81.  He  was  a  graduate 
of  1790.  He  was  of  Huguenot  descent,  from 
Henri  Gaehot,  who  came  from  Rochelle  to  Taun- 
ton. In  time  the  name  was  Anglicised.  Three  of 
his  sons  were  also  graduates  of  Harvard.  His 
pen  and  wealth  were  in  his  zeal  for  truth  and  vir- 
tue employed  in  opposing  the  masonic  society. 

GASTON,  William,  LL.  D.,  a  judge  of  North 
Carolina,  died  at  Raleigh  Jan.  23,  1844,  aged  06. 
His  father.  Dr.  Alexander  G.,  born  in  Ireland  of 
Huguenot  ancestry,  lived  at  Newbern,  and  was 
shot  by  the  tories  Aug.  20,  1781,  William  being 
then  only  three  years  old.    His  mother,  Margaret 


376 


GATES. 


GAY. 


Sharpp,  l)om  in  England,  ever  afterwards  a  widow, 
devoted  lierself  to  tlie  education  of  lier  son. 
"Wlien  he  returned  with  honor  from  J'riuceton 
coilepie  in  1790,  the  first  tlihif?  she  did  was  to  hiy 
her  hands  on  his  liead,  as  Jie  knelt  hef'ore  her, 
cxclaimuig,  "My  God,  I  thank  thee!"  Iter 
j)ious  Ri)irit  survived  the  withering  intluence  of 
popery.  She  lived  thirty-one  years  aiter  the 
death  of  her  husl)aiul;  liut  never  made  a  visit 
except  to  the  sufl'erinf;  jioor.  He  graduated  at 
I'rinccton  in  17!<();  and  was  a  senator  of  North 
Carolina,  and  a  rejirerentative  in  congress  in  18i;{. 

GAT]';H,  IIoliATlo,  i,  major-general  in  the  army 
of  the  United  States,  died  .\i)ril  10,  1R0(>.  aged 
77.  He  was  a  native  of  England.  In  early  lite 
he  entered  the  IJritish  army,  and  laid  the  founda- 
tion of  his  future  military  excellence.  He  was  aid 
to  Gen.  Monkton  at  the  cajiturc  of  Marlinico  ; 
and  after  the  jjcace  of  Aix  la  C'haiiclle,  he  was 
among  the  first  troops  which  landed  at  Halifax 
under  Gen.  Cornwallis.  He  was  with  ]5rad(lock 
at  the  time  of  his  defeat  in  17.5">,  and  was  shot 
through  the  hody.  When  ])eace  was  concluded, 
he  purchased  an  estate  in  Virginia,  where  he  re- 
sided until  the  commencement  of  the  American 
war  in  177j,  when  lie  was  a])pointcd  by  congress 
adjutant-general,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-gen- 
eral. He  accom])anied  Washington  to  Cambridge, 
when  he  v  cnt  to  take  command  of  the  army  in 
that  place.  In  June,  177(>,  Gates  was  ajjpointed 
to  the  connnaiid  of  the  irmy  of  Canada.  He  was 
superseded  by  Gen.  Schuyler  in  ^lay,  1777,  but 
in  August  following  l;c  took  the  jjlace  of  this  o(ti- 
cer  in  the  northern  dejiartment.  The  success, 
which  attended  his  arms  in  the  capture  of  Bur- 
goyne  in  October,  illled  America  with  joy.  Con- 
gress passed  a  vote  of  thanks,  and  ordered  a  medal 
of  gold  to  be  ])rcsented  to  him  by  the  i)resident. 
His  conduct  towards  his  conquered  enemy  was 
marked  by  delicacy,  which  does  him  the  highest 
honor.  He  did  not  permit  his  own  troojis  to  wit- 
ness the  mortification  of  the  lirilish  hi  dei)ositu)g 
their  arms.  After  Gen.  Lincoln  was  taken  pris- 
oner, he  was  ajjiiointed,  June  V>i,  17fS(),  to  the 
command  of  the  southern  dej)artment.  Aug. 
10,  he  was  defeated  by  Cornwallis  at  Camden. 
He  was  sii])erseded  Dec.  .'J.  by  Gen.  Circene;  but 
was  in  17H2  restored  to  his  command. 

After  the  peace  he  retired  to  his  farm  in  IJerke- 
ley  county,  Va.,  where  he  remained  until  the  year 
1790,  when  he  went  to  reside  at  New  York,  hav- 
ing first  einanci])ated  his  slaves,  and  made  a  ])e- 
cuniary  provision  for  such  as  were  not  able  to 
jjrovide  for  themselves.  Some  of  them  would  not 
leave  him,  but  continued  in  his  family.  On  his 
arrival  at  New  York  the  freedom  of  the  city  was 
ju'csented  to  him.  In  ISOO  he  accepted  a  seat  in 
the  legislature,  but  he  retained  it  no  longer  than 
he  conceived  his  services  might  be  useful  to  the 
cause  of  liberty,  which  he  never  abandoned.    His 


political  o])iiH'oiis  did  not  separate  him  from  many 
respectalile  citizens,  wliose  views  dlfiered  widely 
from  his  own.  A  few  weeks  before  his  death  he 
wrote  to  his  friend.  Dr.  Mikhill,  then  at  Wash- 
ington, on  some  business,  and  closing  his  letter, 
dated  Eel).  27,  lS()(i,  with  the  following  words: 
"  I  am  very  weak  and  have  evident  signs  of  an 
ap])roaching  dissolution,  liut  1  have  lived  long 
enough,  since  I  have  lived  to  see  a  mighty  j,eo- 
l)le  animated  with  a  s];irit  to  be  free,  and  gov- 
erned by  transcendent  abilities  and  honor."  He 
retained  his  faculties  to  the  last.  He  took  ])leas- 
iire  in  jirofessing  his  attaclinieiit  to  religion,  and 
his  firm  belief  in  the  doctrines  of  Christianity. 
The  will,  which  was  made  not  long  befcn-e  his 
death,  exhibited  the  humility  of  his  faith.  In  an 
article,  dictated  by  himself,  he  expressed  a  sense 
of  his  own  unworthiness,  and  his  reliance  solely 
on  the  intercession  and  sufferings  of  the  Ke- 
deemer.  In  another  iiaragrajh  he  directed  that 
his  body  should  be  jirivately  buried,  which  was 
accordingly  done.  His  widow  died  in  1810. 
Gen.  Gates  was  a  whig  in  England,  and  a  rejiub- 
licau  in  America.  He  was  a  scholar,  well  versed 
in  history  and  the  Latin  classics.  AVliile  he  was 
just,  hospitable,  and  generous,  and  possessed  a 
feeling  heart,  his  manners  and  deportment  yet 
indicated  his  military  character.  —  MurslniU,  II. 
237.;  III.  3,  220,  273,  33(! ;  IV.  109-182,  324,  59G; 
lirinsiit,  ^'(iiir.  Vol/.  II.  oO;  Slalmaii,  I.  330, 
342 ;  II.  200,  233  ;  aordoii,  II.  270,  072  ;  III.  391, 
439,472;  IV.  20. 

GAY,  Eiii;xi;zi:u,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Hingham, 
!Mass.,  was  born  Aug.  20, 1090.  He  was  graduated 
at  Harvard  college  in  1714,  and  ordained  June 
11,  1718,  as  successor  of  John  Norton.  The  first 
minister  was  1'.  llobart.  These  three  mhiisters 
preached  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  years.  Dr. 
Gay  died  March  18,  1787,  aged  90,  in  the  sixty- 
ninth  year  of  his  ministry.  He  was  succeeded  by 
Dr.  AVare.  He  died  unmarried.  His  mental 
powers  were  continued  to  him  in  an  uncommon 
degree  till  his  death.  On  the  day  which  com- 
pleted the  eighty-fifth  year  of  his  age,  he  preached 
a  sermon,  which  was  much  celebrated  and  was 
rejirinted  in  I'.ngland.  Dr.  Chaiuicy  iironounces 
him  to  have  been  one  of  the  greatest  and  most 
valuable  men  in  the  country.  His  sentiments  were 
not  so  rigid  as  those  of  some  of  his  brethren  in 
the  mhiislry;  but  he  was  zealous  for  the  interests 
of  jiractieal  goodness.  He  jiublished  a  sermon  at 
the  ordination  of  Josejih  Green,  172j;  of  El). 
(iay,  Jr.,  1742;  of  J.  Mayhew,  1747;  of  J.  Doiby, 
1702;  of  !■'.  Carpenter,  1703;  of  G.  liawson, 
1700;  of  liimkcr  Gay,  1703;  of  C.  Gannett,  1708; 
at  the  artillery  election ;  on  the  transcendent 
glory  of  the  gospel,  to  which  is  added  a  ])illar  of 
salt  to  season  a  corrupt  age,  1728;  on  the  death 
of  John  Hancock,  1744;  at  the  eleclion,  1740; 
at  the  coiiveuUon,  1740;  Dudleiuu  lecture,  1709; 


GAY. 


GEN  IT. 


377 


two  sermons  on  the  death  of  Dr  Miiyliew,  1700; ! 
th!mlvs;i;ivinj,' sermon,  1771;  the  old  man's  calen- ^ 
d;ir,    17S1.  —  Sliiilc'.i    /•'iinrnil    Seniioii;     111x1. 
Col/.  X.  hVJ;  Mi(s.t.  Cciiliiicl,  Marcli  30,  17.S7.      j 
GAY,  l'.HKM./i;n,  1).  1).,  died  at  Sulliehl,  Conn., 
Murc'li  or  April,  17!)(!,  a};ed  77,  haviii;;  heen  in 
tlic  ministry  fith-three  years.     Horn  in  Dedham, 
he  <;radnated  at  Harvard  in  17117.  Of  six  brothers, ' 
four  were  aoove  70.     He  was  a  ncjiliew  ol'l'^.  G., 
of  Hingham.     Jlnukcr  (iay,  minister  of  Hinsdale,  [ 
N.  H.,  who  died  in  181-1,  was  his  brother.    His 
son,  I'ihenezer,  a  graduate  of  Yale  in  17o7,  was 
settled  as  his  colleague  or  sueces.sor  in  1793,  and 
died  in   1S.'J7.     He  had  a  strong  mind  and  was 
resj)eetal)le  for  learning. 

GAY,  llLNKiCK,  brother  of  ])r.  E.  G.,  and  min- 
ister of  Hinsdale,  N.  H.,  died  in  Feb.,  1815,  aged 
80.  H(  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1700,  and  was 
ordained  in  170!J.  He  was  born  in  Hingham,  Mass.; 
and  his  father,  Nathaniel,  was  the  son  of  John, 
whose  father  was  also  John,  of  Dedham  in  103  J, 
the  ancestor  of  the  Gays  of  Massachusetts  ami 
Connecticut.  He  jiublished  the  accomplished 
judge,  a  sermon  at  Keenc;  also,  on  the  death  of 
Itev.  L.  Hedge  at  ^Varwick. 

GAY,  SiiTii,  a  useful  ano  venerable  citizen  of 
Gardiner,  ^Ic.,  died  Jan.  30,  i8i51,  aged  89. 

GAY,  Samuel,  minister  in  Hubbardston,  died 
Oct.  IG,  1848,  aged  04.  He  was  born  in  South 
Dedham,  and  a  graduate  of  Harvard  in '  1805. 
Ordained  Oct.  10,  1810,  in  1827  in  consequence 
of  a  division  among  his  people  a  new  Calvinistic 
church  was  formed,  of  which  he  was  the  pastor 
till  1841,  when  he  resigned  and  lived  respected  in 
retirement.  He  preached  on  the  Sabbath  but 
one  before  liis  death.  He  died  suddenly.  While 
at  work  in  his  field,  he  fell  and  expired. 

GAY,  Martin,  M.  D.,  died  in  Boston  Jan.  12, 
1850,  aged  40 ;  son  of  Ebenezer  Gay,  of  Hingham. 

GAYLOllD,  William,  minister  in  Norwalk, 
died  Jan.  3,  1707,  aged  57,  in  the  thirty-fourth 
year  of  his  ministry.  His  parish  was  called 
Wilton.    Ho  graduated  at  Yale  in  1730. 

GAYLOllD,  Nathaniel,  died  at  West  Hart- 
land,  Conn.,  May  8,  1841,  aged  90,  the  oldest 
pastor  in  the  State.  He  graduated  at  Y'ale  in 
1774.     His  end  was  peace. 

GAYLOllD,  Levi,  major,  died  in  Geneva, 
Ohio,  in  1840,  aged  83.  He  was  a  Revolutionary 
soldier,  born  in  Farmington,  Conn. 

GEDNEY,  lUciiAEL,  died  in  New  York,  Nov. 
20,  1848,  aged  107,  the  la.st  of  the  Mohegans. 
Horn  at  Mamaroneck,  her  father  belonged  to  the 
Tappan  tribe ;  her  mother  was  a  Mohegan.  She 
married  a  Malay. 

GEE,  Joshua,  minister  in  Boston,  the  son  of 
Joshua,  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
1717,  and  ordained  pastor  of  the  second  or  old 
north  church,  as  colleague  with  Cotton  Mather. 
Dec.  18,  1723.  In  1732  he  received  for  his  col- 
48 


league  Sanuiel  Mather,  but  a  separation  occurred, 
and  a  new  chunli  was  built  for  Mr.  Mather.     Ho 
died  May    22,    17 IS,  aged  50.      His   wife,   the 
daughter  of  Jlev.  Mr.  liogers,  of  Portsmouth,  an 
aecomi)lished  woman,  died  in  1730,  aged  29.     A 
sermon  on  Iierdeatli  was  published  by  1'.  Thacher. 
He  possessed   a   strong   and  penetrating  mind. 
His  powers  of  reasoning  were  very  uncommon. 
Few  were  m(ne  discerning,  or  could  more  com- 
jiletely  develop  a  subject.     He  jiossessed  also  a 
considerable  share  of  learning.     His  foilile  was  a 
strange  indolence  of  temper.    He  preferred  talking 
with  his  friends  to  every  tlnng  else.     He  pub- 
lished in  1743  a  letter  to  Nathaniel  Eells,  moder- 
ator of  a  convention  of  pastors  in  Boston,  contain- 
hig  some   remarks   on    their   printed  testimony 
against  disorders  in  the  land.     From  this  pam- 
phlet it  appears,  that  there  was  present  m  the 
convention  not  one-third  of  the  pastors  in  ^lassa- 
chusetts,  and  lliat  of  these,  seventy  in  number, 
but  a  small  majority  voted  for  the  last  paragraph 
of  the  testimony,  which  caused  such  debates  re- 
sjjccting  an  attestation  to  the  work  of  God's  grace 
in  a  remarkable  revival  of  religion  among  the 
churches.     Mr.  Gee  complains  of  the  testimony, 
that  it  is  i)artial ;  that  it  speaks  of  the  prevalence 
of  antinomian  but  not  of  Arminian  errors ;  that  it 
holds  uj)  to  view  the  ilisorders  consequent  upon  the 
revival,  and  not  the  great  and  bcnciicial  effects  of 
the  revival  itself.     He  was  one  of  the  assembly  of 
ministers,  who  met  in  Boston,  July  7,  1743,  and 
gave  their  attestation  to  the  progress  of  religion  in 
this  country.     He  published  also  a  sermon   on 
the  death  of  Cotton  Mather,  1728;  two  sermons, 
entitled,  the  strait  gate  and  the  narrow  way  infi- 
nitely preferable  to  the  wide  gate  and  broad  way, 
1729.  —  Ilistor.  Coll.X.  157;  I'lince's  Christiait 
Hid.  I.  104. 

GEISSENHAMEll,  Feeberick  W.,  I).  D., 
a  German  Lutheran  minister  in  New  York  city, 
died  in  1838,  aged  CO. 

GELSTON,  David,  collector  of  New  York, 
died  at  Greenwich  in  Sept.,  1828,  aged  85.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  assembly  in  1775  and  a 
liovolutionary  patriot.  He  was  collector  from 
1801  to  Dec.,  1820. 

GEMMIL,  John,  died  in  Pennsylvania  in  1815. 
He  was  principal  of  the  academy  hi  Westchester, 
and  had  been  the  minister  of  the  united  church  in 
New  Haven,  Conn.,  over  which  he  was  installed 
Nov.  7,  1798. 

GENET,  Edmond  Charles,  died  at  Jamaica, 
L.  L,  July  14,  1834,  aged  71,  formerly  minister 
from  France  in  1793.  He  married  a  daughter  of 
George  Clinton;  and  in  1814  a  daughter  of  Sam- 
uel Osgood.  He  took  an  interest  hi  {iromoting 
imjirovement  in  agriculture  and  in  the  arts  and 
sciences.  On  his  arrival  at  Charleston  as  minis- 
ter, he  authorized  tlie  arming  of  vessels  in  that 
port  against  nations  with  whom  we  were  at  peace } 


378 


OEitiasii. 


GIBBS. 


for  wliicli  oflcnsivc  conduct  Washington  asked  his 
rccull. 

GEIUUSII,  JosKi'il,  minister  of  "VVenham, 
Mass.,  the  son  of  Ca])t.  AVni.  0.,  of  Newbury, 
was  horn  March  23,  IGjO;  {graduated  in  IGCi); 
was  ordained  as  successor  of  A.  Newman  in  1G73; 
and  died  Jan.  G,  1720,  aged  GO.  His  wife  was  a 
dauglitcr  of  Maj.  AValdroii  of  Dover:  his  son, 
Josejjh,  was  a  minister,  ilis  hrotliers,  lienjamin 
of  Salem,  John  of  ])over,  and  Moses  of  Newbury, 
witli  many  of  their  descendants,  were  distin- 
guished men.  John  Dunton  calls  him  Mr.  Gccry : 
Ilis  descrijjtion  of  him  is  thus  given :  "  the  jM- 
lusojihcr  is  acute,  ingeniouB,  and  subtle.  The 
divine  curious,  orthodox,  and  profound.  The 
man  of  majenlic  air,  without  austerity  or  sour- 
ness ;  his  uxpect  is  masterly  and  great,  yet  not 
imperious  or  haughty.  The  Christian  is  devout 
without  moroseness  or  starts  of  holy  frenzy  and 
enthusiasm.  The  ]»'cacJier  is  primitive,  without 
the  nceessional  colors  of  whining  or  cant ;  and 
methodical,  without  intricacy,  or  affectation,  and, 
which  crowns  his  character,  he  is  a  man  of  a  public 
spirit,  zealous  for  the  conversion  of  the  Lidians, 
and  of  great  hosi)itality  to  sti'angcrs.  He  gave 
us  a  noblfc  dinner,  and  entertained  us  with  such 
pleasant  fruits,  as,  I  must  own,  Old  England  is  a 
stranger  to."  — 2.  Hist.  Coll.  II.  120. 

GERllISII,  Jacob,  colonel,  a  llevolutionary 
patriot,  died  at  Newbury  in  1817,  aged  77. 

GI'^llllY,  Elruidge,  vice-president  of  the 
United  States,  died  suddenly  at  AVashington 
Nov.  13,  1814,  aged  70.  He  was  born  in  Mar- 
blehead,  Mass.,  July  17,  1744.  His  Aither,  a 
merchant,  came  to  this  country  in  1730  and  died 
in  1774.  Al'ter  graduating  at  Harvard  college  in 
17G2,  he  devoted  himself  for  several  years  to 
commercial  pursuits,  and  acquired  a  competent 
estate.  Being  a  member  of  the  legislature  in 
1773,  he  ivas  appointed  on  the  important  commit- 
tee of  inquiry  and  correspondence.  In  his  patri- 
otic labors  he  was  the  associate  of  Adams,  Han- 
cock, and  Warren.  The  j)rovincial  congress  of 
lllo  a])i)ointed  him  on  the  committee  of  ])ub- 
lic  safety  and  .suj)plies.  The  committee  had 
been  hi  session  at  Menotomy,  then  a  part  of 
Cambridge.  Mr.  Gerry  and  Col.  Ornc  were  in 
bed,  when  the  ajiiiroach  of  the  British  troops 
induced  them  to  iiee  half-ckessed  to  a  neighbor- 
ing corn-'"  ^Id,  where  they  remained,  while  the 
troo])s  searched  every  apartment  of  the  house  in 
order  to  lind  them.  To  the  jirovincial  congress 
he  pro])osed  the  very  imj)ortant  measure  of  pass- 
ing laws  for  the  encouragement  of  jirivateers  and 
for  the  establishment  of  a  court  of  admiralty  j 
and  he  and  Mr.  Sullivan  were  the  committee  to 
draw  up  the  act  for  that  purjjose.  Elected  to  the 
continental  congress,  he  took  liis  seat  Feb.  9, 
177G,  and  continued  in  that  body  with  some  inter- 
vals mitil  Sept.,  178o.    He  served  on  various  im- 


portant committees.  His  skill  in  finance  rendered 
him  ])articularly  useful.  In  1787  he  was  deputed 
to  the  convention  which  framed  the  constitution 
of  the  United  States.  He  was  opposed  to  the 
])lan  adopted,  deeming  the  executive  and  judicial 
powers  jjcrilous,  and  some  of  the  legislative  pow- 
ers ambiguous  and  dangerous,  and  thinking  that 
the  constitution  had  few  federal  features  and  was 
rather  a  system  of  national  government.  He  re- 
tained his  objections.  In  1809,  the  writer  of  this 
heard  him  express  his  o])inion,  that  the  jji-esident 
had  powers  which  few  were  aware  of,  and  which 
he  hoped  would  never  be  exerted.  Under  the 
constitution  he  served  four  years  as  a  member  of 
congress.  In  1797  he  was  appointed  by  Mr. 
Adams  minister  to  the  French  republic,  with  Mr. 
Marshall  and  Gen.  Pinckney.  When,  in  1798, 
his  colleagues  were  sent  away  from  France,  he 
was  invited  to  remain.  His  services  were  useful 
hi  i)reserving  peace.  In  1810  he  was  elected 
governor  as  successor  of  Mr.  Gore,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded in  1812  by  Mr.  Strong.  March  4,  1813, 
he  was  inaugurated  the  vice  president  of  the 
United  States,  Mr.  Madison  being  president.  His 
daughter  married  James  T.  Austui  of  Boston, 
the  author  of  memoirs  of  his  Life.  —  Goodrich's 
Lives;  Austin's  Li/c  of  Gerry. 

GIBBON,  Jajies,  major,  died  at  Richmond,  Va., 
July  1,  1835,  at  an  advanced  age.  He  was  the 
collector  of  customs.  Under  Gen.  Wayne  he  was 
the  hero  of  Stony  I'oint,  when  out  of  twenty  men 
seventeen  were  killed  or  wounded.  He  was 
greatly  respected. 

GIBBONS,  Edward,  general,  died  Dec.  9, 
1G54.  He  came  to  tliis  country  as  early  as  1629; 
in  a  few  years  he  was  a  representative  of  Boston ; 
from  1649  to  1G51  he  was  major-general,  in  which 
office,  elective  by  the  people  annually  like  that  of 
governor,  he  was  succeeded  by  llobert  Sedgwick. 
He  wa&  a  worthy  member  of  Mr.  Wilson's  church. 
Having  advanced  to  La  Tour  more  than  2500 
pounds,  secured  by  mortgage  of  liis  fort  and  lands 
in  Acadia,  when  D'Aulnay  captured  La  Tour's 
fort,  Maj.  Gibbons  was  by  the  loss  "quite  undone." 
—  2  Hist.  Co??.  VI.  498. 

GIBBS,  IIiiNRT,  minister  of  Watertown,Mass., 
died  Oct.  21,  1723,  aged  55.  The  son  of  Robert, 
an  eminent  merchant  of  Boston,  he  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1685,  and  was  ordained  in  1G97.  His 
wife  was  Mercy,  daughter  bf  William  Greenough ; 
and  of  his  daughters,  Mercy  married  Rev.  Benja- 
min Prescott,  of  Danvers,  and  Margaret  married 
Rev.  Dr.  Appleton,  of  Cambridge;  and  among 
liis  descendants  is  Professor  Josiah  W.  Gibbs. 

GIBBS,  William,  minister  of  Simsbury,  Conn., 
died  in  1777,  aged  about  G3.  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1734. 

GIBBS,  George,  colonel,  died  at  Newtown, 
near  New  York,  Aug.  5,  1833,  aged  57.  He  was 
a  patron  of  science,  especially  of  mmeralogy. 


crosox. 


OILDERT. 


370 


Tie  wns  the  orin;inal  iiroprictor  of  tlic  cabinet  nt 
Vnlc  collc;,'^. 

CJIISSO'''     '''iiAlMi,  a  sclioliir,  ramp  from  Knp;- 
laiid  !i  <.■  .JS.  and  was  a  niiuistcr  to  a  fisliiiij,' 

j)lantat!<)n  .1  Iticliinan's  Island,  tlion  at  I'iscata- 
(Itiack  and  t!i"  Lie  of  Shoals,  liciuf;  "  addidi'd 
to  the  hienirchy,"  and  writing  an  oU'en.sive  letter, 
he  was  summoned  liefore  the  court  at  IJoston; 
but  as  he  piiriiosed  to  return  to  Kufjlaiid  he 
csca])cd  any  janiishnicnt. —  Wiiitlirop.u.  (Ki. 

GinSOX,  Joii.v,  general,  a  soldier  of  the 
French  and  llevolutionary  wars,  died  in  May, 
1822,  aged  HI.  lie  was  born  in  Lancaster,  I'cnn., 
in  May,  1710,  and  was  well  educated.  lie  early 
served  imder  Gen.  Forbes  in  the  ex])odilion  to  fort 
du  Quesne,  which  was  occupied  Nov.  25,  1758, 
and  called  Pittsburg.  Hero  he  remained  as  an 
Indian  trader.  In  1703  he  was  cajitured  by  the 
Indians,  and  ado])ted  by  a  squaw,  whose  son  lie 
had  slain  in  battle,  lie  had  thus  o])portunity  to 
acquire  a  knowledge  of  several  Indian  languages. 
On  being  released,  he  again  settled  at  Piltsburg. 
In  1774  he  was  an  important  agent  in  making  the 
Indian  treaty,  entered  into  by  Gov.  Dunmore. 
On  this  occasion  Logan's  celebrated  sjieech  was 
delivered,  of  which  Col.  Gibson  was  the  interpre- 
ter. On  the  commencement  of  the  Ilcvolutionai-y 
war  he  was  ai)])ointcd  the  colonel  of  a  Virginia 
regiment,  of  which  he  was  in  command  at  the 
close  of  the  war.  Residing  at  Pittsburg,  he  was 
in  1788  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  conven- 
tion ;  he  was  also  associate  judge  and  major-gen- 
eral of  the  militia.  In  1800  he  was  appointed 
secretary  of  the  territory  of  Indiana,  Gen.  Harri- 
son being  governor;  an  olfice  which  he  held  till 
the  territory  became  a  State  in  181G.  ISeing 
afflicted  with  an  incurable  cataract,  he  removed 
to  "  Draddock's  fields,"  near  Vincernes,  the  resi- 
dence of  his  son-in-law,  George  Wallace,  where 
he  died. 

GIIJSOX,  Samii-i,,  a  slave,  lived  in  the  West 
Indies  and  in  Guilford,  Conn.  Aftor  being  liber- 
ated he  opened,  about  the  beginnmg  of  this  cen- 
tury, a  grocery  shop  at  Hartford,  and  acquired 
property,  and  was  held  iu  resjiect  for  his  integ- 
rity. The  son  of  his  last  master  was  his  clerk, 
and  to  him  he  left  his  property.  Let  it  not  be 
said  that  the  blacks,  incapable  of  taking  care  of 
themselves,  must  have  masters. 

(ilLBEUT,  lIiMniRKY,  Sir,  a  distinguished 
navigator  to  America,  was  born  at  Dartmouth,  in 
Devonshire,  England,  in  1539.  His  mother  be- 
coming a  widow,  married  Mr.  Ilalcigh,  by  whom 
she  had  the  celebrated  Sir  Walter  Raleigh.  Gil- 
bert was  educated  at  Eton  and  Oxford ;  but  he 
forsook  an  academical  life  for  a  militory,  and  was 
knighted  in  reward  of  his  services  in  Ireland.  On 
the  llJhof  June,  1578,  he  obtained  of  Queei; 
Elizabeth  letters  patent,  authorizing  liim  to  take 
posscssioa  of  aU  remote  lands,  uuocupicd  by  any 


Christian  prince  or  people,  conferring  upon  him 
certain  rights  and  jjrivili'gcs,  and  iirohibiting  nil 
])ersons  from  attempting  to  settle  within  two 
liumhed  leagues  of  any  place  which  he  should 
occii]iy.  This  was  the  tlrst  charter  for  a  colony 
granteil  by  the  crown  of  I'.nglaiid.  A  violent 
storm,  obliging  Iiim  to  return,  frustrated  his 
hopes  in  his  lirst  voyage.  He  sailed  a  second 
time  .Tune  11,  1583,  with  live  shijis.  On  his  arri- 
val at  St.  John's  harbor,  Xe^^foulldland,  he  found 
there  thirty-six  lishing  vessels  of  various  nations, 
which  refused  him  entrance  ;  but  on  producing  his 
commission  no  further  ojiposition  was  made  to 
him.  I  le  entered  the  harbor  on  the  3d  of  August, 
and  on  the  fifth  took  possession  of  the  country 
for  the  crown  of  l''ngland,  in  coiise(|uence  of  the 
discovery  of  the  Cabots.  This  transaction  is  the 
foundation  of  the  right  and  title  of  the  crown  of 
r^iglaiid  to  the  territory  of  Xewfoundland,  and  to 
the  fishery  on  its  banks.  The  vessel,  in  which  he 
sailed,  foundered  on  the  9th  of  September,  and 
all  on  board  perished.  A  short  time  before,  the 
people  in  another  vessel  in  company  heard  him 
say,  as  he  was  sitting  in  the  stern,  "  We  arc  as  near 
lieaven  by  sea  as  by  land." 

GILBERT,  RALEKiU,  a  patentee  of  New  Eng- 
land, nephew  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  commanded 
a  vessel  in  the  exjiedition  of  one  hundred  men, 
who  attempted  a  settlement  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Sagadahoc  or  Kennebec  in  1G07.  They  sailed 
from  Plymouth  the  last  of  May ;  arrived  at  Mon- 
hegan  Island  Aug.  11  j  and  soon  landed  on  the 
west  shore  of  Kennebec  at  Cajie  Small  Point,  now 
in  Phipsburg.  They  built  a  fort  and  called  it  St. 
George.  Dec.  5th  the  two  ships  returned,  leaving 
forty-five  jiersons.  George  Pophnm  was  chosen 
l)resident  and  Gilbert  the  admiral.  In  the  sjjring, 
when  supplies  were  brought,  intelligence  was 
received  of  the  death  of  Sir  John  Gilbert,  to 
whom  Raleigh  Gilbert  waa  the  heir:  he  there- 
fore determined  to  return,  and,  Mr.  Pophani  hav- 
ing died,  and  the  store-house  being  burnt,  the 
whole  colony  went  back  with  him  to  England,  to 
the  great  discourogement  of  "the  first  under- 
takers." 

GILBERT,  TnoMAS,  minister  of  Topsfield, 
Mass.,  died  in  1673,  aged  G3.  He  came  from 
Ealing  in  England,  where  he  had  been  jiastor, 
and  was  among  the  first  of  ministers  who  were 
deprived  of  office  for  nonconformity.  —  A^oncon- 
formists'  Memorial,  11.  44G. 

GILBERT,  Bi;NJAMiN,])ublished  an  account  of 
his  cajitivity  and  that  of  Ids  family  by  the  Indi- 
ans, Philadelphia,  1784. 

GILBERT,  James,  a  physician,  was  born  in 
New  Haven,  Oct.  25,  1779,  and  graduated  at  Yale 
college  in  1800.  After  practising  eight  years  in 
New  Haven,  he  in  1814  visited  Paris  and  London 
for  his  improvement,  and  returned  in  1815.  He 
died  of  a  pulmonary  complaint  at  sea,  I-'eb,  11, 


I 


iiii'i 


'^^fi: 


380 


GILBERT. 


1818,  np;ccl  39.  As  a  siirfj;con  ho  had  few  siipe- 
riors.  His  rclifjioiis  views  f^avc  him  jjcaco  in 
death.— T/i  a  ell  n;  u.  '2H-2VJ. 

GILIJI'^JM',  a  slave,  died  near  Stanton,  Va.,  Feb. 
19,  1H14,  afjed  112.  He  was  a  servant  of  "Wash- 
infjton  at  liraddoek's  defeat. 

GILIJEIIT,  Eliihai.kt,  W.,  1).  1).,  died  at 
rhiladeljjhia  July  31,  IH.JIJ,  af,'ed  al)oiit  CO,  for- 
merly ])resident  of  the  Delaware  collefje.  lie  was 
clerk  of  tlie  General  Assembly,  new  school. 

GILDEKSLl^EVE,  IIk.nuy,  died  in  Kingston, 
Canada,  in  1851,  ajjed  00.  Once  an  extensive 
shiij-builder  hi  Chatham,  Conn.,  ho  removed  in 
181G  to  K.,  where  lie  lamiched  the  first  steam- 
boat on  lake  Ontario. 

GILE,  SA.MUKI,,  ]).  ]).,  minister  of  Milton, 
died  Oct.  IG,  1830,  aged  56.  He  was  born  in 
Plaistow,  N.  II.,  July  23,  17S0,  son  of  Maj.  Eze- 
kicl  Gile,  a  soldier  of  the  llevolution  j  and  grad- 
uated at  Dartmoutli  college  in  1804.  His  theo- 
logical studies  he  began  with  Kev.  J.  French, 
Andover;  he  was  ordained  as  the  successor  of 
Dr.  McKeen  at  Milton,  Feb.  18,  1807.  He  was 
an  eminent  jircacher  and  excellent  man ;  but,  ow- 
hig  to  jiarochical  dillicullies  arising  from  a  diver- 
sity of  religious  opinions,  he  was  dismissed  Jan. 
6,  1834,  by  an  exjiarte  council,  whose  authority  he 
never  acknowledged.  He  believed  the  evangeli- 
cal or  orthodox  doctrines  of  New  England  j  and 
his  church  adhered  to  him.  On  the  day  of  his 
death  he  assisted  in  the  public  services  in  the  fore- 
noon ;  but  as  the  peoj)le  were  assembling  for  the 
afternoon  worshij)  he  died,  after  an  illness  of  one 
hour,  with  which  he  was  seized  as  he  nut  down  to 
his  table  at  dinner.  Dr.  Gile  had  extraordinary 
gifts  in  prayer,  having  freedom,  richness,  ])ower, 
and  sublimity ;  few  were  so  a])propriate  and  copi- 
ous in  the  use  of  scripturiil  passages.  Prudence, 
tenderness,  benevolence,  humility,  meekness,  pa- 
tience were  traits  in  liis  character.  Many  were 
his  domestic  afflictions  in  the  loss  of  children ; 
severe  were  his  trials  as  a  minister ;  but  his  Chris- 
tian virtues  were  always  rcs])lendent. 

GILES,  Jon.\,  died  in  Newburyport  Sept.  28, 
1824,  aged  09,  the  senior  pastor  of  the  second 
Presbyterian  church.  He  was  born  in  England, 
and  settled  July  20,  1803.  He  published  oration 
July  4,  1809;  two  sermons  on  the  fast,  1812. 

GILES,  WiLLUM  BKiXCii,  governor  of  Vir- 
ginia, was  for  many  years  a  member  of  congress. 
He  was  a  representative  as  early  as  1790.  In 
1802  he  voted  for  the  repeal  of  the  judiciary  law, 
and  in  1812  he  voted  for  the  war.  He  was 
elected  to  the  senate  in  Jan.,  1811,  and  resigned 
his  office  in  Oct.,  1815.  He  was  again  a  candi- 
date for  election  to  the  senate  in  1825,  but  his 
rival,  Mr.  Itandolpli,  was  chosen.  In  1820  he  was 
chosen  governor  and  continued  in  office  till  1829. 
He  died  at  his  residence,  the  Wigwam,  Amelia 
county,  pec.  8,  1830,  at  an  advanced  age.    He 


CILMAN. 

published  a  speech  on  the  embargo  laws,  1808; 
in  Nov.,  1813,  jiolitical  letters  to  the  peojjle  of 
Virginia ;  a  series  of  letters,  signed  a  Constituent, 
in  the  Richmond  Enquirer  of  Jan.,  1818,  against 
the  plan  for  a  general  education;  in  April,  1824, 
a  singular  letter  of  invective  against  President 
Monroe  and  Mr.  Clay  for  their  "  hobbies,"  "  the 
South  America  cause,  the  Greek  cause.  Inter- 
nal Improvements,  and  the  Tariff."  In  Nov., 
1825,  he  addressed  a  letter  to  Judge  Marshall, 
disclaiming  the  expressions,  not  the  general  senti- 
ments, in  regard  to  Washington,  a.scribed  to  him 
in  debate  of  1796  in  the  life  of  Washington,  v. 
722. 

GILL,  Moses,  died  in  Boston  May  20,  1800, 
aged  00.  He  was  several  years  lieutenant-gover- 
nor, and  acting  governor  on  the  death  of  Sumner, 
from  June,  1 799,  to  his  death.  He  was  an  early 
benefactor  of  Leicester  academy,  giving  150 
pounds.  lie  was  a  Boston  merchant  of  wealtli. 
As  he  married  a  daughter  of  Thomas  Prince,  the 
annalist,  ho  acquired  a  large  landed  estate  in 
Princeton,  of  which  Dr.  P.  was  one  of  the  proprie- 
tors ;  and  there  he  biult  him  a  mansion.  He  was 
a  ])atriot  of  1775,  and  was  ever  after  in  public  office. 
—  WnsJihurn's  Sketch  of  Leicester  Academy. 

GILLET,  Alkxaxder,  minister  of  Farming- 
ton,  Conn.,  died  in  Jan.,  1820,  aged  70.  He 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1770. 

GILLET,  EuriiALET,  D.  D.,  died  at  Ilallowell, 
Me.,  Oct.  19,  1848,  aged  about  80.  A  graduate 
of  Dartmouth  in  1791,  ho  was  long  the  minister 
of  Ilallowell.  In  his  last  years  he  was  the  secre- 
tai-y  and  agent  of  the  !Maine  missionary  society. 
He  published  a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of  II. 
Wallis,  1795;  of  J.  Dane,  1803;  of  H.  Loomis, 
1812;  before  missionary  society,  1810;  fast  ser- 
mon, 1811. 

GILLEY,  John,  died  at  Augusta,  Maine,  July 
9,  1813,  aged  124.  He  was  a  native  of  Ireland. 
When  he  came  to  fort  Western,  about  1755,  to 
enlist  as  a  soldier,  Capt.  Howard  deemed  him  too 
old.  He  had  enjoyed  fine  health,  and  was  singu- 
larly active  and  vigorous.  In  1811  he  could  walk 
four  miles  to  the  bridge. 

OILMAN,  Joseph,  judge,  died  at  Marietta  in 
1800,  aged  70.  He  was  born  in  Exeter,  N.  H., 
a  grandson  of  John,  who  emigrated  from  Norfolk, 
Eng.,  in  1037.  He  was  a  patriot  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, then  an  associate  of  the  Ohio  company  in 
1789.  He  was  a  United  States  judge  for  the 
Northwest  Territory.  His  wife,  Rebecca  Ives, 
was  an  aecompUshed  woman.  — Ilildreth. 

OILMAN,  Teistram,  minister  of  North  Yar- 
mouth, Me.,  died  April  1,  1809,  aged  74.  He 
was  the  son  of  Rev.  Nicholas  G.,  of  Durham, 
N.  IL,  who  died  April  13,  1748,  aged  41,  and  a 
descendant  of  Edward  G.,  of  Exeter.  He  was 
bom  in  1735,  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
1757,  and  was  ordained  Dec.  8,  1709,  as  sue- 


\. 


OILMAN. 

ccssor  of  Edward  IJrooks.  His  successor,  Fran- 
cis Urown,  married  his  daughter.  He  was  a 
faitliful,  useful,  hif^hly  respected  minister.  A  re- 
vival of  reli{.;ion  attended  his  labors  in  1791  and 
1792,  when  132  members  were  added  to  the 
church.  Durinf^  the  whole  period  of  Iiis  minis- 
try 293  were  admitted  and  1314  baptized,  lie 
was  the  first  j)resident  of  the  Maine  missionary 
Bocicfy.  He  published  n  sermon  on  the  death  of 
I).  Mitchell,  1196.  —  Panoplist,  V.  1-4. 

GHjMAN,  John  Taylor,  governor  of  \ew 
Hampshire,  died  at  Exeter  Aug.  31,  1828,  aged 
74.  He  was  the  son  of  Nicholas  Gilman  and 
Ann  Taylor,  daughter  of  llev.  John  Taylor,  of 
Milton,  Mass.,  born  at  Exeter  Dec.  19,  17'>3. 
Older  ancestors  were  Daniel,  Nicholas,  and  John. 
He  received  the  usual  education  of  those  who 
were  not  designed  for  the  learned  professions. 
The  morning  after  the  news  of  the  battle  of  Lex- 
ington he  marched  as  a  volunteer  with  a  hundred 
others,  to  Cambridge.  He  was  also  emjiloyed  to 
assist  Ills  father,  the  treasurer  of  the  State.  In 
Oct.,  1780,  he  was  the  delegate  from  New  Hamp- 
shire to  the  convention  at  Hartford,  to  jjrovide 
for  the  common  defence.  ^\fter  being  a  member 
of  congress  in  1782,  he  succeeded  his  father  as 
treasurer  in  1783.  When  the  confederated  gov- 
ernment appointed  three  commissioners  to  settle 
the  accounts  of  the  different  States,  he  was  joined 
with  Irvine  and  Kean,  On  resigning  tliis  place 
in  1791  he  was  re-chosen  treasurer  of  New  Hamp- 
shire, and  was  very  faithful  and  useful.  In  1794 
he  was  chosen  governor,  as  successor  to  Bartlett, 
and  was  annually  re-elected  until  1805,  when  he 
was  succeeded  by  Langdon.  He  was  again 
elected  in  1813,  and  the  two  ne.\t  years,  but  de- 
clined, and  was  succeeded  in  1816  by  Tlumer, 
whom  he  had  succeeded  in  1813.  The  legislature 
in  a  farewell  address  acknowledged  his  long  and 
important  services.  Li  the  political  divisions  of 
the  times  he  was  known  as  a  decided  federalist. — 
American  Annual  Register,  1827-9,  n.  182-194. 

GILMAN,  Nicholas,  a  senator  of  the  United 
States  from  New  Hampshire,  died  at  Philadelphia 
May  3,  1814.  He  was  a  member  of  congress 
from  1789  to  1797,  and  a  senator  from  1805  to 
1814. 

GILMAN,  Nathaniel,  died  Jan.  26,  1847, 
aged  88.  He  was  State  treasurer  of  New  Hamp- 
shire. 

GILMAN,  Benjamin  Ives,  a  merchant,  died  at 
his  son's,  in  Alton,  111.,  in  1833,  aged  68.  Born  in 
Exeter,  N.  IL,  in  1705,  he  accompanied  his  pa- 
rents to  Marietta  in  1789.  His  wife  was  Hannah, 
daughter  of  llev.  Dr.  Robbins,  of  Plymouth!  his 
journey  with  her  to  the  west  in  1790  was  on 
horseback,  twenty-five  or  thirty  days  in  crossing 
the  mountains.  He  became  a  rich  merchant  in 
Marietta.  Such  were  the  perils  of  those  times, 
that  wliile  at  work  on  his  lot  with  his  man  Ilob- 


GIRARD. 


381 


erf,  the  latter  was  shot  by  the  Indians,  while  he 
esea])ed.  From  1801  to  IHOH  he  was  engaged  in 
shipbuilding.  In  1813  he  removed  to  I'hiladel- 
])hia.  His  wife  became  a  most  useful  member  of 
the  churcli  at  Marietta  in  1811.  She  died  in 
1830.  —  /lildrclli's  lliDi/rapliiral  Memoirs. 

GILMAN,  Joseph,  Dr.,  died  at  Wells,  Me., 
Jan.  4,  1847,  aged  75.  He  was  son  of  llev.  T. 
Gilman.  He  was  president  of  the  medical  society 
of  Maine.  His  religious  character  commenced  in 
1791,  in  a  revival  under  his  father's  ])reaching. 
He  listened  to  every  call  (if  the  poor.  —  N.  Y.  Ob- 
scrrer,  Jan.  23. 

GILMEll,  Thomas  W.,  secretary  of  the  navy, 
died  on  board  the  U.  S.  steamer  Princeton  by  the 
bursting  of  a  large  gun,  Feb.  28,  18-14.  He  was 
of  Charlottesville,  Va. 

GILMOUE,  Addison,  died  at  Watertown, 
Mass.,  Jan  10,  1851,  aged  about  47.  Born  in 
Windsor  Co.,  Vt.,  he  came  to  Boston,  and  by  in- 
dustry, energy,  and  judgment,  was  successful  in 
various  business.  He  was  president  of  the  West- 
ern railroad. 

GUIAIID,  Stephen,  a  man  of  wealth,  died  at 
Philadelphia  Dec.  20,  1831,  aged  81,  leaving  an 
estate  of  ten  or  fifteen  millions  of  doUa^.  He 
was  a  native  of  Bordeaux  in  France,  came  lo  this 
country  before  the  llevolution,  and  had  lived  in 
Philadelphia  about  fifty  years.  He  was  fii;>t  a 
cabin-boy,  then  the  mate  of  a  shi]),  tlien  the 
keeper  of  a  tap-shop,  afterwards  a  merchant  down 
to  the  year  1811,  and  for  the  remainder  of  his 
life  a  banker.  The  notes  of  his  bank  were  deemed 
as  good  as  those  of  any  incorjiorated  institution. 
In  1811  he  purchased  the  banking-house  and 
1,200,000  dollars  worth  of  the  stock  of  the  old 
bank  of  the  United  States,  and  commenced  bank- 
ing in  1812.  At  last  his  bank  capital  was  in- 
creased to  five  millions.  His  other  ])roperty  was 
in  real  estate  in  the  city,  stock  in  the  Schuylkill 
navigation  and  Chesapeake  canal  companies,  lands 
in  Mississippi,  shipping,  etc.  He  owned  the  great 
square  between  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  and  Chest- 
nut streets.  His  particular  bequests  amount  to 
upwards  of  three  millions ;  the  residue  of  his  es- 
tate is  given  to  Philadelphia,  for  improvements  in 
the  city.  The  fpllowing  arc  some  of  the  thou- 
sands of  dollars  bequeathed :  two  to  a  brother, 
ten  to  several  nephews  and  nieces,  ten  to  the  or- 
phans' asylum,  ten  to  purchase  wood  for  the  poor, 
ten  to  the  society  of  shijimasters,  twenty  to  the 
asylum  for  the  deaf  and  dumb,  twenty  to  the  free- 
mason's lodge, thirty  to  thePeiuisylvania  hospital, 
one  hundred  and  ten  to  the  city,  one  hundred  and 
twenty  in  various  legacies  to  individuals,  three 
hundred  to  the  State  for  internal  improvements, 
and  two  millions  for  a  college  for  poor  white 
children.  The  building  was  to  be  of  three  stories, 
110  feet  by  160,  to  be  erected  at  Peel  Hall,  on 
the  Ridge  Road,  Peon  Towuskip,  to  be  inclosed 


382 


GIST. 


if  (i 


by  a  wall  ten  feet  hif,'li,  capped  with  marble,  "  nnd 
guarded  with  irons  on  tiie  to])."  Tlic  scholars 
arc  to  be  or])liaiis  from  I'enn.sylvania,  Xi.'W  York 
(the  first  jjort  at  wliich  he  arrived),  and  Xew  Or- 
leans (the  iirst  j)ort  at  which  lie  traded  us  first 
officer),  and  must  be  between  six  and  ten  years 
old;  when  between  fourteen  and  eif,diteen  years 
old  they  are  to  be  IkuukI  out  by  the  corjioration 
of  the  city  to  mechanical  trades,  af^riculture,  etc. 
There  is  also  the  followinf,' ])rovision :  "1  enjoin 
and  require,  that  no  ecclesiastic,  missionary,  or 
minist(-r  of  any  sect  whatever,  shall  ever  hold  or 
exercise  any  station  )r  duty  whatever  in  the  said 
college,  nor  shall  any  such  jjcrson  ever  be  admit- 
ted for  any  jjurpose,  or  as  visitor,  within  tlie 
jjremise.s  a])propriated  to  the  jmrposes  of  said 
college."  lie  wish'jd  that  the  or])hans,  after  they 
left  the  college,  might  adoj)t  "  such  religious  ten- 
ets as  their  iiuitnrcd  reason  may  enable  them  to 
prefer."  lie  thus  wished  to  carry  into  effect  the 
exploded  project  of  lloussoau,  not  considering 
that  the  religious  sentiments  and  character  are 
necessarily  settled,  for  the  most  j)art,  before  a 
young  man  is  sixteen  or  eighteen  years  of  age; 
not  considering  that,  whether  for  learning  or  re- 
ligion, an  early  trainimj  of  children  and  youth  is 
imi)ortnnt.  However,  while  ecclesiastics  may  not 
see  the  inside  of  Mr.  Girard's  irou-caj)ped  college 
walls,  his  teachers  are  to  inculcate  "  the  jjurest 
principles  of  morality."  Those  teachers  will  be 
cither  Infidels  or  Christians ;  if  Christians,  they 
will  teach  their  ])u])ils  the  only  pure  morality 
from  the  revealed  code  of  moral  instruction  in 
the  New  Testament  of  Jesus  Christ,  including 
that  fear  and  love  of  God,  which  constitute  the 
sole  basis  of  moral  virtue.  His  bequests  were 
large,  but  true  liberality  may  be  seen  in  the  life  of 
Solomon  GoodcU. 

GIST,  MouDKCAl,  a  brigadier-general  in  the 
American  war,  commanded  one  of  the  ^laryland 
brigades  in  the  battle  of  Camden,  Aug.  IG,  1780. 
In  Aug.,  1782,  he  defeated  a  party  of  the  llritish 
at  Combakee  ferry.  He  died  at  Charleston,  S.  C, 
in  Sept.,  1792.  —  Marshall,  IV.  178;  Holmes. 

GIUSTINIAXI,  Louis,  1).  ]).,  died  July  17, 
1855,  aged  58.  A  native  of  Kome,  he  became  a 
Protestant  by  reading  Father  Clement,  a  discus- 
sion between  a  Jesuit  and  a  Protestant,  and  left 
the  church  of  Home  in  1828.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  old  school  Presbytery  of  Cincinnati. 

GLADWIN,  major-general,  died  at  Stebbing, 
England,  in  Sept.,  1791.  He  was  an  officer  in 
Braddock's  defeat,  and  was  wounded.  In  July, 
1703,  he  commanded  at  Detroit,  and  defended  it 
■with  great  bravery  and  vigilance  against  Pontiac, 
a  Miami  chief,  the  boldest  leader  among  the 
Indians. 

GLEASON,  CiiAULES,  minister  of  Dudley, 
died  in  1790,  aged  about  72.  He  graduated  at 
Hoivard  iu  \T6%. 


GODDARD. 

GLE.VSON,  ni-.NJAMiN,  n  ]niblic  orator  early  in 
this  century,  graduated  at  Urown  university  in 
1N()2.  H<''j)ui)lished  address  at  Providence,  IKOI!; 
masonic  addresses  at  Heading,  iJoston,  and  Mon- 
treal, in  1805,  1807,  and  1N12;  oration  July  1,  at 
Charlestown  1805  and  1809;  at  Hingham,'lN07  ; 
on  the  death  of  Washington,  1800;  geography, 
1814. 

GLEN,  IIfary,  died  at  Schenectady  in  18M, 
aged  73.  He  took  an  active  ])art  in  the  Kevolu- 
tionary  war,  and  was  a  member  of  congress  eight 
years. 

GLENN,  Jasiks,  governor  of  South  Caroh'na, 
entered  on  this  office  Jan.,  174'1,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Lylleton  in  1755.  Toward  the  close  of 
his  j)eaceal)le  administration  he  concluded  a  treaty 
with  the  Cherokee  warriors  in  their  own  country, 
and  acquired  a  cession  of  territory,  which  con- 
duced much  to  the  prosj)erity  of  the  colony.  He 
l)ublished  a  description  of  South  Carolina,  8vo., 
London,  1701. 

GLEZEX,  Levi,  preceptor  of  the  academy  at 
Lenox,  Mass.,  died  in  1842,  aged  08.  He  grad- 
uated at  Williams  college  in  1798. 

GLOVER,  Thomas,  published  in  vol.  xi.  of 
transactions  of  the  royal  society,  an  account  of 
Virginia,  its  situation,  temperature,  jiroductions, 
etc.  He  relates,  that  when  alone  iu  a  sloop  in 
the  Rap])ahannock,  three  leagues  from  the  mouth, 
he  heard  "  a  great  rushing  and  flashing  of  the 
water,"  and  that  looking,  he  saw  near  him  "  a 
most  prodigious  creature,  much  resembling  a 
man,  standing  right  up  in  the  water,  with  his 
head,  neck,  shoulders,  breast,  and  waist  to  the 
cubits  of  his  arms  above  water.  His  skin  was 
tawny,  much  like  that  of  an  Indian  ;  his  head 
l)yramidal  and  sleek,  without  hair ;  his  eyes 
large  and  black,  and  so  were  his  eyebrows ;  his 
mouth  very  wide,  with  a  broad,  black  streak  on 
the  upjier  lip,  turning  ujjwards  at  each  end  like 
mustaches ;  his  countenance  grim  and  terrible." 
After  gazing  a  sufficient  time  at  ^Ir.  Glover,  the 
animal  jjlunged  down,  and  cast  his  tail  above 
water,  like  the  tail  of  a  fish.  He  speaks  also  of 
a  dreadful  storm  in  Aug.,  1007,  which  lasted 
three  days,  destroying  the  tobacco,  etc. 

GLOVER,  Pelatiaii,  second  minister  of  Spring- 
field, preached  first  in  that  town  July  3,  1059. 
He  succeeded  Mr.  iMoxon  in  1061,  and  died 
^lareh  29,  1692,  aged  55,  being  succeeded  by  Mr. 
Brewer.  He  was  born  in  Dorchester,  and  was  of 
distinguished  talents  and  piety.  Mr.  Hubbard 
says  he  was  a  great  student,  and  nuich  given  to 
books. 

GLOVER,  Anna,  widow,  died  at  Pelham,  N.  Y., 
in  1767,  aged  106. 

GODDARl),  WiLLlAJl,  a  printer,  the  son  of 
Dr.  Giles  G.,  postmaster  at  New  London,  Conn., 
was  horn  in  1740.  In  1762  he  commenced  the 
Providence  Gazette ;  in  1766  he  went  to  Phila- 


\f 


GODDARD.  GODFREY.  888 

(1c1]>h!a  nncl  commenced  the  Pennsylvania  Cliron- 
icle,  \in<k'r  tlie  ])utroiia;,'L'  of  J()se])li  Galloway ; 
in  177.')  lie  comnnnccd  the  Maryland  Journal  at 
Baltimore,  where  he  formed  an  intimate  acijuain- 
taiice  with  Gen.  (,'harles  Lee,  who  l)e(iueathe(l  him 
a  part  of  his  estate  in  lierkeley  county.  In  177j 
rranlilin  a])])oiiited  him  comptroller  of  the  post- 
orticc.  In  1792  he  relinquished  the  Journal,  and 
afterwards  resided  in  Ithode  Island.  He  died  at 
I'rovidence  Dec.  23,  1817,  aged  77.  He  married 
a  Miss  Angell,  of  Providence,  tidiing,  as  his 
friends  said,  "  an  angel  for  his  wife."  He  pul)- 
lislied  a  history  of  the  Pcinisylvania  Chronicle, 
1770.  —  Thoiiinn,  I.  427  ;  II.  G3,"  134-110. 

GODDAUD,  Calvix,  judge,  died  in  Norwich, 
Conn.,  April  2,  1842,  aged  73.  His  father,  Dan- 
iel, of  Shrewsbury,  Mass.,  was  the  son  of  Edward, 
and  he  the  son  of  "William,  who  came  from  Nor- 
folk, England,  in  10(56.  He  graduated  at  Dart- 
mouth in  1780.  He  practised  law  in  Plainficld, 
Conn.,  and  thence  removed  to  Norwich.  He  was 
a  member  of  congress  in  1801,  and  a  judge  of 
the  suj)reme  court  from  1815  for  three  years.  He 
was  an  excellent  man,  a  lover  of  truth,  benevo- 
lent, of  strong  attachments.  Near  his  dwelling 
is  the  cemetery  of  the  old  Mohegan  tribe  of  In- 
dians. His  wife  was  Alice,  daughter  of  Ilev. 
Levi  Ilart,  and  grmid-daughter  of  Dr.  Bellamy. 
They  had  six  children,  of  whom  three  were  of  the 
profession  of  the  law,  in  Ohio  and  New  York  city. 

GODDARD,  WUXUM  G.,  died  suddenly  at 
Providence  Feb.  IC,  1846,  aged  52.  He  was  pro- 
fessor of  belles-lettres  in  Brown  university. 

GODDARD,  JosLVli,  Baptist  translator  of  the 
New  Testament  into  Chinese,  died  in  China  in 
1854.  He  was  a  graduate  at  Providence  in 
1835,  and  studied  theology  at  Newton.    He  at 

first  spent  some  years  at  Bankok,  in  Siam,  where  !  mvention.  He  was  a  member  of  a  literary  club, 
he  studied  the  Chinese  language.  About  1844  he  i  established  by  Dr.  Franklin,  and  having  confined 
went  to  Ningpo  and  commenced  the  work  of  ]  his  attention  to  mathematical  jjursuits,  he  was 
translation.  About  1853  he  finished  the  revision  ;  almost  insufferable  in  conversation,  requiring  an 
of  the  New  Testament  in  Chinese,  and  saw  it  rap-  unusual  precision  in  everything  which  was  said, 
idly  printed.  In  one  day  he  gave  away  a  thousand  continually  contradicting,  and  maliing  trifling  dis- 
copies  to  the  learned  assembled  at  Shanghai  from  '  tinctions. —  liliUer's  Ilelrospect,  i.  468 ;  American 
different  cities.  ^.  Mag.  for  July  and  Ainjnst,   11 6S  ;  Fraitkiin's 

GODFREY,  Thomas,  the  inventor  of  Hadley's  I  Z//'e;  Preface  to  Godfrey's  I'ocms  ;  Boston 
quadrant,  died  in  Dec.,  1749.  He  was  by  trade  u  Chronicle,  Aug.  1, 1821 ;  National  licyister,  iv. 
glazier  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia.    The  c.\tent   155. 

of  his  education  was  only  to  read  and  write,  and  |  GODFREY',  Thomas,  a  jjoet,  the  son  of  the 
apply  the  common  rules  of  arithmetic.  Having  preceding,  died  near  Wilmington,  N.  C,  Aug.  3, 
met  with  a  mathematical  book,  he  was  so  de-  1763,  aged  26.  He  was  born  in  Pliiladelphia  in 
lighted  with  the  study,  that,  without  an  instructor,  1730.  The  only  advantages  of  education  which 
he  soon  made  himself  master  of  it,  and  of  every  he  enjoyed  were  found  in  a  common  English 
book  of  the  kind  which  he  could  procure  in  Eng-  school.  Such,  however,  was  his  desire  of  knowl- 
lish.  Finding  that  the  knowledge  of  the  Latin  edge,  that  he  prosecuted  his  studios  with  unweii- 
would  open  to  him  new  treasures  of  mathematical  ried  diligence ;  and,  having  perused  the  best  of 
science,  he  applied  himself  to  the  study  of  that  the  English  poets,  he  soon  exhibited  proofs  of 
language,  till  he  was  enabled  to  read  a  Latin  poetical  talents.  He  had  a  fine  ear  for  music,  and 
author  on  his  favorite  subject.  He  then  borrowed  a  taste  for  painting.  After  the  death  of  his  father 
Newton's  principia  of  Mr.  Logan,  to  whom,  about  he  was  put  an  apprentice  to  an  ingenious  watch- 


thc  year  1730,  ho  communicated  his  invention  of 
the   ([uadrant.     The   royal    society   of    London, 
lieing  made  acquainted  with  it  in  1732,  by  means 
(if  Mr.  Logan,  sent   Mr.  (iodfrey,   as   a   reward, 
household  furniture  to  the  value  of  200  pounds. 
Money  was  not  sent  on  account  of  a  habit  of  in- 
temperance, to  whicli  tiie  arti.-^t  was  subject.     The 
following  is  an  account  of  the  invention,  and  of 
the   method   by  wliich   he  was  cle])rived   of  the 
honor  of  the  invention.     While  re])lacing  a  pane 
of  glass  on  the  iu)rth  side  of  Arch  .street,  op])ositc 
a  |ium]),  a  girl,  after  hllirg  her  ])ail,  j)lace<l  it  on 
the  ])athway.     Turning  round,  Godfrey  observed 
the  rays  of  the  sun  reilected  from  his  window  into 
the  bucket  of  water.     He  was  thus  led  to  con- 
ceive, that  if  by  reflection  he  could  draw  the  sun 
down  to  the  horizon,  he  should  have  an  instru- 
ment incomparably  superior  to  the  yx'/z-ywAr,  then 
in  use.     He  formed  his  model  in  wood,  and  car- 
ried pieces  to  Charles  llamm,  who  comjileted  for 
him  an  instrument  in  brass.     This  was  committed 
to  Godfrey's  brother,  a  captain  in  the  West  India 
trade,  who,on  arriving  at  Jamaica,  and  exhibiting 
the  quadrant  to  some  officers  of  the  British  navy, 
was  temjjted  by  a  Cajitain  lladley  to  sell  it  to 
him  for  a  large  sum  of  money.,    lladley  carried 
the  instrument  to  London  and  j)laced  it  in  the 
hands  of  his  brother,  a  mathematical  instrument 
maker  in  the  Strand,  and  obtained  a  patent.    Ac- 
cording to  another  account,  John  lladley,  com- 
manding a  vessel  in  the  Delaware,  was  allowed  to 
see  the  instrument,  and  took  a  description  of  it. 
The  American  Encyclojjedia  states  that.  May  13, 
1731,  John  lladley,  vice-president  of  the  royal 
society,  presented  a  ])aper,  describing  the  quad- 
rant, and  that  the  society  decided  that  both  llad- 
ley and  Godfrey  were  entitled  to  the  honor  of  the 


384 


OODMAN. 


I 


i.      * 


Sf' 


I    -1 


1  :!i ;, 


"j 


maker;  l)ut  the  miiHcs  and  fjrncps,  poetry  and 
j)iuiiliii>,',  stole  his  nttciition.     lie  devoted  ull  Ids 
hours  ol'  release  IVum  nieehiinirid  labor  to  writiiif; 
the   ])oelicnl   ])iee(s,  wliieli  were  piildislied  in  the 
Amerieaii  Ma),'a/iiie.     At   leiifjth  he  was  reeoiii- 
ir.Piided  to  a  lieiiteiinnt's  conniiission  in  the  I'eiiii- 
tijhania  forces,  raised  in   IT.JS  for  an  expedition 
npfniiist  fort  dn  (iiicsne.     In  this  station  he  eon- 
tiiiiied  till  the  troops  were  disbanded,     lie  was 
nettleil  in    the  siieceedinf,'  sprinf?  as  n  factor  in 
North  Carolina,  where  he  continued  upwards  of 
three  years.     He  died  of  n  fever,  occasioned  hy 
violent  exercise  in  a  very  warm  day.     With  an 
nmiahle  disposition  and   an  en^a^'in;,'  diflidence 
and  modesty  of  manners,  he  united  an  intepfrity 
of  character  which  procured  him  esteem  and  re- 
spect.    The  productions  of  his  ])en  were  collected 
by  his  friend,  Mr.  I'.vans,  and  ])ul)lished  in  ITO.J, 
entitled,  Juvenile  jioems  on  various  subjects,  with 
the  ])rince  of  I'arthia,  a  tra^jedy.  —  Accimut  I'lr- 
Ji.eaJ Id  ['ixiiik;  Amciiran  Muxcinii,\l.A~\,\'-. 
GODMAX,  JdiiN  1).,   an    eminent  anatomist 
and  naturalist,  died  A|)ril  17,  ls;j(),  nf];ed  31.     He 
was  born  at  Annaijolis,  in  Maryland.     His  ])nrents 
died   while   he   was   yet   young.     Being  without 
property,  ho  was  indented    an   a])]ircntice   to   a 
printer   in   llaltimore ;  hut,   disgusted   with   the 
employment,  he  entered  as  a  sailor,  in   1813,  in 
the  flotilla,  then  stationed  in  the  Chesapeake.     At 
the  close  of  the  war,  being  allowed  to  follow  his 
own  hidinations,  he  commenced  the  study  of 
medicine  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  at  first  under  Dr. 
Lucket,  of   ],ancaster,  but  soon  under  ])r.  I)a- 
vidge,  of  Ualtimore,  jirofessor  of  anatomy.     He 
was  indefatigable  in  his  toils  to  acquire  learning. 
Before  he  graduated,  he  was  called  to  sujijjly  the 
])lace  of  his  prece])tor  in  the  anatomical  chair ; 
and  he  lectured  for  several  weeks  with  such  en- 
thusiasm and  eloquence  as  to  gain  high  a])i)lause. 
Soon  after  he  obtained  his  degree,  he  settled  in  a 
emoU  village  in  Anne-.\rundel  county,  and  entered 
with  energy  upon  the  active  duties  of  his  jirofes- 
sion.     At  this  ])cnod  he  commenced  the  study  of 
natural  history,  for  which  he  ever  afterwards  had 
o  strong  passion.     He  removed  to  Ualtimore,  and, 
after  his  marriage,  to  Philadelijliia.     Being  invited 
to  the  professorship  of  anatomy  in  the  college  of 
Ohio,  he  sj)ent  a  year  at  the  west,  and  then  re- 
turned to  l'hiladelj)hia,  where  he  willingly  retired 
from  the  field  of  practice  and  devoted  himself  to 
scientific  pursuits.     Determined  to  he  a  thorough 
teacher  of  anatomy,  he  opened  a  room  for  ])rivate 
demonstrations,  and  in  the  first  winter  had  a  class 
of  seventy  students.     His  incessant  toils  and  ex- 
posure to  the  foul  atmos])hprc  of  the  dissecting- 
room,  laid  the  foundation  of  the  disease  of  which 
he  died.     After  jjrosecuting  his  anatomical  labors 
four  or  five  years,  ho  was  chosen  professor  of 
anatomy  in  llutgcrs  medical  college  in  New  York. 
With  a  broken  constitution,  ho  wa.s  compelled, 


GODMAN. 

before  the  completion  of  hiit  nrcond  course  of  lec- 
lines,  to  retire  from  the  mIiooI  and  to  ►cck  a 
milder  climate.  .After  passing  the  winter  iu  Santa 
Cru/,  he  settled  in  Ciermanlown,  near  I'hil.idcl- 
jihia.  His  disease  was  still  advancing;  yet,  with 
unatiated  ardor,  he  jirotccuted  his  literary  and 
scientific  eni])loymcnts,  not  for  fame,  but  for  the 
Hup]iort  of  his  family  and  the  welfare  of  his  fel- 
low-men. 

Dr.  (jodman,  like  many  other  young  ]ihysi- 
cians,  ndojitcd  the  Infidelity  and  Atheism  of  the 
I'^-ench  naturalists  of  the  last  century.  For  a, 
time  he  not  only  rejected  revelation,  but  was 
blind  to  the  strong  jirool's  of  the  existence  of 
God,  which  are  presented  continually  to  the  eye 
of  the  anatomist  and  the  student  of  nature.  A 
dejiraved,  unrenewed  heart  extinguished  the  light 
of  reason.  But,  while  lecturing  at  New  York  in 
the  winter  of  1827,  he  visited  the  death-bed  of  u 
student  of  medicine,  in  whose  joyous  antiei])ations 
of  heaven  and  triumph  over  death,  he  saw  a  |ihe- 
nomcnon  which  jihilosophy  could  not  comprehend. 
This  event  led  him  to  read  the  Bible,  and  the 
secret  was  unfolded.  From  this  time  lie  studied 
the  Serij)tures.  Ho  obtained  the  Christian  hope; 
and  lie  died  in  jieace,  in  his  last  hour  commend- 
ing his  family  to  the  l''atlier  of  the  fatherless  and 
the  widow's  God, —  then,  with  ui)lifted  eyes  and 
hands,  and  a  beaming  countenance,  resigning  his 
sjiirit  to  his  Bedeemer.  In  the  last  sickness  of 
his  friend.  Dr.  Judson,  an  Infidel,  the  brother  of 
the  missionary,  he  addressed  to  him  a  letter,  which 
was  the  moans  of  his  conversion,  jiointing  out  the 
way  of  con(iuering  the  fear  of  death.  "  rhiIo.s- 
ojihy  is  a  fool,  and  \mCni  a  madman.  Many  jier- 
sons  die  with  what  is  called  manly  firmness ;  they 
put  on  as  smooth  a  face  as  they  can,  to  imjose  on 
the  si)cctators,  and  die  firmly-  But  this  is  ail  de- 
cejjfion  ;  the  true  state  of  their  minds  at  the  very 
time,  nine  times  out  of  ten,  is  worse  than  the 
most  horrible  imaginings  even  of  hell  itself.  But 
the  man  who  dies  as  a  man  ought  to  die,  is  the 
humble-minded,  believing  Christian,  He  does 
not  die  manfully,  but  he  rests  in  Jesus." 

Dr.  Godman  was  a  distinguished  scholar.  With 
a  limited  education,  he  yet  acquired  a  knowledge 
of  the  Lathi,  Greek,  French,  Spanish,  and  Italian 
languages.  His  industry  was  astonishing.  It 
was  his  purpose  to  accomplish  thoroughly  what- 
ever he  undertook.  He  concentrated  all  his  pow- 
ers upon  the  jiursuit  in  which  he  was  engaged. 
Tho  most  striking  character  of  his  mind  was  a 
fertile  fancy,  yet  controlled  by  a  sound  judgment. 
His  talent  at  description  is  exhibited  in  his  history 
of  American  quadrupeds  and  his  rambles  of  a 
naturalist.  His  addresses  are  compositions  of 
highly-wrought  eloquence.  At  one  lime  ho  was 
the  principal  editor  of  the  Philadeljihia  journal 
of  the  medical  and  jihysical  sciences.  He  wrote 
the  articles  on  natural  history  for  the  American 


OOERINO. 


G001)AI-E. 


385 


EnC;Ci')|)C(lia  to  the  end  of  letter  C,  hcfides  nu- 
merouH  piiiierx  in  the  ])eno(lical  journals  of  the 
duy.  lie  puMinhed  the  wentorn  quarterly  re- 
porter of  medical  science,  etc.,  Cincinnati,  W2'2  ; 
account  of  irre;;u!arities  of  structure  and  morbid 
anatomy;  contiiluitions  to  physiological  and  pa- 
tl)olo;;icnl  anatomy ;  Hell's  anatomy,  with  notes  ; 
anatomical  investif^alions,  com])risin(j  descriptions 
of  various  fnsciie  of  the  l)ody,  1821 ;  American 
natural  history,  with  engravings,  ,3  vols.,  182S; 
addresses  on  various  jjuIjHc  occasions,  1829 ; 
ramhles  of  a  naturalist.  —  Pntf,  Sewall's  Kn- 

(iOKUIXO,  JAf'on,  minister  of  the  German 
I,\itheran  church  in  York,  Pcnn.,  commenced  the 
Inhors  of  the  sacred  ofHce  when  only  twenty  years 
of  af»e,  and  it  jjleased  God  to  give  such  success  to 
his  faithful  exertions  at  this  early  j)eriod  of  life, 
that  a  revival  of  religion  always  attended  his 
preaching,  lie  died  in  1807,  aged  52.  He  was 
a  president  of  the  synod  of  the  German  Lutheran 
church  in  the  States  of  Pennsylvania,  Maryland, 
ond  Virginia.  lie  was  a  man  of  profound  eru- 
dition, and  among  the  languages  with  which  he 
was  acquainted;  the  Hebrew  and  Arabic  were  his 
favorites.  Though  warmly  interested  in  his  coun- 
try's welfare,  he  yet  declined  a  civil  station,  in 
which  his  fellow-citizens  would  gladly  have  placed 
him,  dedicating  himself  wholly  to  the  ministry. 
He  died  in  the  full  assurance  of  obtaining  and 
enjoying  a  perpetual  ha])pinesB  through  the  mer- 
its of  his  Redeemer.  — Brown's  American  Regis- 
ter, II.  84,  80. 

GOFFE,  William,  one  of  the  judges  of  King 
Charles  I.,  and  a  mnjor-general  under  Croftiwell, 
died  about  1679.  He  left  London  before  Charles 
H.  was  proclaimed,  and  arrived  at  Boston  with 
General  Whallcy  in  July,  1600.  Governor  Ende- 
cott  gave  them  a  friendly  reception.  But  when 
the  act  of  indemnity  arrived  in  Nov.,  and  their 
names  were  not  found  among  those  to  whom  par- 
don was  offered,  the  government  of  Massachu- 
setts was  alarmed.  Perceiving  their  danger,  they 
left  Cambridge,  where  they  had  resided,  Feb.  26, 
1061,  and  arrived  at  New  Haven  March  7th. 
They  were  here  concealed  by  Deputy-governor 
Leet  and  Mr.  Davenport.  From  New  Haven 
they  went  to  West  Hock,  a  mountain  three  hun- 
dred feet  in  height,  at  the  distance  of  two  or 
three  miles  from  the  town,  where  they  were  hid  in 
a  cave.  They  afterwards  lived  in  concealment  at 
Milford,  Derby,  and  Branford,  and  in  Oct.,  1664, 
removed  to  Iladley,  in  Mass.,  and  were  concealed 
for  fifteen  or  sixteen  years  in  the  house  of  Mr. 
llusscl,  the  minister.  On  the  Ist  of  Sept.,  1675, 
the  town  of  Hadley  was  alarmed  by  the  Indians 
in  the  time  of  public  worship,  and  the  people 
were  thrown  into  the  utmost  confusion.  But  sud- 
denly an  aged,  venerable  man,  in  uncommon 
dress,  appeared  in  the  midst  of  them,  revived 
49 


their  courage,  and,  putting  himself  at  their  head, 
led  them  to  the  attack  and  repulsed  the  enemy. 
The  deliverer  of  Hadley  immediately  disapiK-ared, 
and  the  inhabitants,  overwhelmed  with  astonish- 
ment, supjioscd  that  an  angel  had  been  sent  for 
their  ])rotection.  He  died  in  Hadley,  Under 
the  ()])])ression  of  constant  fear  during  his  resi- 
dence in  this  country,  his  mind  seems  to  have 
found  some  relief  in  the  consolations  of  religion. 
—  Slilcsi'  Ilislori/  (if  the  Jiulijf.i ;  Hutchinson, 
I.  215-21»,5.T_'i  Ilillincs. 

GOLl ),  Hkzk.ki.mi.  minister  of  Cornwall,  Conn., 
died  May  .'M,  1790,  aged  59.  He  graduated  at 
Yale  in  17.)1.  His  wife  was  Sarah,  the  sister  of 
•Judge  Sedgwick !  she  died  in  1700,  aged  27. 
Among  their  children  were  Thomas  Gold,  a  law- 
yer of  I'ittstield,  whose  daughter,  Maria,  married 
Nathan  A])pleton,  of  Boston,  and  was  the  mother 
of  Mrs.  liOngfellow ;  and  Thomas  Buggies  Gold, 
a  lawver  at  AVhitesborough,  N.  Y. 

GOLDSBOliOUGH,  Bohkut,  a  patriot  of  the 
Revolution,  was  graduated  at  Philadelphia  college 
in  1760,  and  was  afterwards  attorney-general  of 
Maryland,  which  office  he  resigned  in  1768.  In 
Aug.,  1775,  he  was  elected  to  congress,  and  em- 
barked his  large  fortune  in  the  cause  of  his  coun- 
trv.     He  died  at  Cambridge,  Md.,  Dec.  31, 1788. 

GOLDSBOROUGH,  Cilvules  W.,  died  in 
Washington  Dee.  14,  184.'J,  one  of  the  oldest  and 
most  respected  inhabitants  of  the  city.  He  wai 
chief  of  the  bureau  of  provisions  and  clothing  of 
the  navy  dSjiartment.  He  published  a  naval  his- 
torv  of  the  United  States. 

GOLDSMITH,  Joiix,  D.  D.,  died  at  Newton, 
L.  I.,  April  6,  1854,  oged  nearly  00,  pastor  of  the 
church  thirty-four  years,  president  of  the  L.  I. 
bible  society.  He  was  the  son  of  Benjamin  O. 
Goldsmith,  who  was  forty-six  years  minister  at 
Riverhead.  I'le  graduated  at  Nassau  Hall  in 
1815.  Dr.  Si)ring  preached  his  funeral  sermon, 
as  he  did  that  of  his  predecessor. 

GOLDTRAP,  Tll0M.\s  W.,  died  in  Philadelphia 
in  1846,  bequeathing  to  the  widows' society  and 
to  the  orphans'  each  2,0(K;  dollars ;  to  the  associ- 
ation for  colored  orphans  ihe  same ;  to  Wills'  hos- 
pital and  to  the  apprentices'  library  1,000  dollars 
each. 

GOOCH,  William,  Sir,  major-general,  and 
governor  of  Virginia  from  1727  to  1719,  sustained 
an  excellent  character,  and  was  popular  in  his  ad- 
ministration. He  had  superior  military  talents, 
and  commanded  the  forces  in  the  unsuccessftd 
attack  on  Carthagcna  in  1740.  When  a  slave  in 
Williamsburg  bowed  to  him  in  the  street,  he 
bowed  in  return.  He  said,  "  I  cannot  suffer  a 
slave  to  exceed  me  in  good  manners." 

GOODALE,  Natiian,  major,  died  in  the  spring 
of  1793  at  Sandusky,  aged  50.  He  had  been 
captured  by  the  Indians,  and  died  of  sickness.  A 
native  of  Brookfield,  he  was  an  officer  in  the  war, 


386 


G{K)1)ALL. 


0(K)1)IIIC1I. 


nnd  wn«  wounded.  He  cnii>;riiti'd  to  Ohio  in 
178H,  nnd  the  next  year  sellled  lU  lUIjjre.  —  Jlil- 
dreth, 

OOODAI.I,,  lli;iivi;v,  died  in  Africa  in  1HJ(I. 
Ho  was  a  Hiijilist  missionary,  sent  out  to  explore 
Centrul  Africuaud  to  cstaldisli  missions  in  Soudnn. 
GOODKLIi,  Solomon,  a  man  of  lilierality, 
died  nt  Jamaica,  Vt.,  in  Scj)!.,  1H1.»,  n>;ed  70.  At 
no  time  was  his  jjrojierty  worth  .'j.OOO  dollars. 
He  was  ft  farmer,  living  in  a  rude  sjiot  in  the 
noighhorhood  of  the  Green  Mountains.  All  his 
proj)ertywas  fjained  hy  severe  i)ersonal  labor,  and 
saved  l)y  strict  fru(,'ality ;  yet  his  lilierality  was 
such  as  miffht  shame  .Mr.  Girard,  the  jiossessor  of 
millions  of  dollars.  About  the  year  IHOO  he 
gave  100  dollars  to  the  Con{(rcnationnl  missionary 
society,  and  the  same  sum  for  several  successive 
years.  When  the  Americati  board  of  foreifjn 
missions  was  established,  he  sent  notice  that  he 
wished  to  subscribe  JOO  dollars  for  immediate  use, 
and  1,000  for  the  fund,  while  yet  it  was  in  his 
power  to  forward  only  uO  dollars  as  earnest 
money.  He  fulfilled  his  engagement,  and  paid 
interest  on  the  projiosed  1,000  until  he  made  ])ro- 
vision  for  its  jiayment  just  before  his  death,  add- 
ing to  it  anotlier  1,000.  The  amount  of  his 
donations  for  missions  to  the  heathen,  besides 
other  charities,  was  3,G8G  dollars.  He  liad  also 
provided  for  his  children  and  his  wife.  He  was  a 
Baptist,  yet  most  of  his  donations  were  intrusted 
to  the  hands  of  his  fellow  Christians,  not  Uaji- 
tists.  In  this  way  he  j)roved  that  ho  was  no  sec- 
tarian J  not,  like  Mr.  Girard,  by  condemning  all 
religions  alike.  The  jiowcr  that  moved  him  to 
his  self-denying  distributions  in  his  life,  —  not,  like 
Mr.  Girard,  when  he  could  hold  and  accumulate 
no  longer,  —  was  a  settled  religious  princijile ;  a 
conviction  that  all  his  projierty  was  the  gift  of 
God,  and  that  it  was  his  duty  to  employ  it  for  the 
highest  and  noblest  of  all  purposes,  that  of  pro- 
moting the  knowledge  of  the  gospel  of  his  Ke- 
deemer  and  the  ineffable  blessedness  of  eternal 
salvation  through  that  knowledge  among  his  fel- 
low-men, whom  he  was  bound  to  love,  as  ho  loved 
himself. 

GOODHUE,  JosLWl,  minister  of  Dunstable, 
Mass.,  died  in  1797,  aged  about  02.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  in  17i3o. 
'  GOODHUE,  15i:nja.min',  formerly  a  senator 
of  the  United  States,  died  at  Salem  in  1814, 
aged  60. 

GOODIUCH,  William,  one  of  the  first  set- 
tlers of  Hartford,  died  in  1G7G.  He  came  from 
Watertown  in  1G36  with  liis  brother  John. 
Goodwin  gives  the  names  of  hundreds  of  liis  de- 
scendants. 

GOODKICH,  David,  colonel,  son  of  the  pre- 
ceding, died  in  Wethersfield,  Conn.,  in  1755, 
aged  87.  He  was  a  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  old 
French  war.     Among  his  many  children  were 


Col.  Eli/ur,  who  died  in  1771,  aged  81  j  nnd 
lle/ekiah,  whose  daughter,  Honor,  married  Ucv, 
Joshua  llelden,  of  \\'.,  who  lived  to  a  venerable 
age  as  pastor  of  N'ewington  society,  djing  in 
lHi;j,  aged  N<». 

GOODJIICH.  KMZtii,  1).  D.,  minister  of  Dur- 
ham, Conn.,  was  born  in  Wethersfield,  17;J1,  and 
was  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  17.VJ.  He  was 
ordained  to  the  work  of  th'.-  ministry  Nov.  21, 
1750.  After  hiseharacter  as  an  exei'llent  minister 
ami  a  friend  of  literature  was  established,  he  was 
chosen  in  1770  a  member  of  the  corjioration  of  Yale 
college.  He  died  at  Norfolk  Nov.  'Jl,  17!»7,  aged 
0;i.  He  was  the  sou  of  Deacon  David  G.,  of  Weth- 
ersfield, Conn.,  who  died  in  1785,  aged  MO;  and 
he  was  the  son  of  Col.  David  0.,  of  W.,  wlu)  died 
in  1055,  aged  87.  The  father  of  the  latter  was 
Ensign  William  G.,  one  of  the  first  settlers  of 
Wetliersfield,  who  came  from  AVatertown,  Mass., 
about  1030,  and  died  in  1(>7G.  His  wife  was 
Katharine,  daughter  of  Elihu  Chnuncey.  ]  )r.  D. 
Smith  married  his  daughter.  Dr.  Goodrich  eon- 
ciliated  the  esteem  of  his  acquaintance,  and  was 
faithful  in  all  the  relations  of  life.  He  was  dis- 
tinguished for  his  literary  and  scientific  acquire- 
ments, as  well  as  for  his  piety  and  patriotism.  As 
a  jireacher,  he  followed  the  examples  of  the 
apostles,  preaching  repentance  and  faith.  Ho 
taught  his  hearers  that  man  was  depraved,  and 
guilty,  and  lost,  condemned  by  the  law,  and  hav- 
ing no  hojie  but  in  Christ,  and  that  salvation  was 
of  grace  and  not  of  works.  He  published  a  ser- 
mon at  the  orduiation  of  It.  Newton,  1761 ;  of  S. 
Goodrich,  1787  ;  at  the  installation  of  li.  Board- 
man,  1784.  —  DwigltCs  Funeral  Sermon, 

GOODKICH,  CUAUNCIY,  lieutenant-governor 
of  Connecticut,  the  son  of  the  preceding,  was 
born  at  Durham,  Oct.  20,  1759;  was  graduated 
in  1776  at  Yale  college,  where  he  was  a  tutor 
from  1779  to  1781.  Engaging  in  the  practice  of 
the  law  at  Hartford,  ho  soon  rose  to  eminence. 
From  1794  to  1800  he  was  a  representative  in 
congress,  and  senator  from  1807  until  his  resigna- 
tion in  1813,  when  he  was  chosen  lieutenant-gov- 
ernor. He  was  also  mayor  of  Hartford.  He 
died  suddenly  of  a  dropsy  in  the  heart,  Aug.  18, 
1815,  aged  55.  He  survived  two  wives,  but  loft 
no  children.  He  was  a  man  of  energy  of  mind, 
of  integrity,  moderation,  and  amenity  of  manners. 
Several  months  before  his  death  he  applied  for 
admission  to  the  church,  but,  in  consequence  of 
his  infirmity  of  body,  had  not  been  received.  He 
remarked :  "  A  moral  life  of  itself  is  nothing  for 
the  salvation  of  the  soul.  I  have  lived  a  moral 
life  in  the  estimation  of  the  world ;  but  I  am  a 
bundle  of  iniquity  in  the  sight  of  a  holy  God.  If 
there  were  not  an  atonement,  I  must  be  con- 
demned and  miserable  forever." —  Strong's  Fu- 
neral Sermon. 

GOODIUCH,  CUAKLES,  a  first  settler  of  Pitts- 


OOODRICTI. 

fioUl,  M>MH.,  died  Nov.  IT),  IHIrt,  of^cd  Wl  lie  I 
wftH  thn  non  niid  Hixtoenth  child  of  David,  nnd  | 
grandson  of  William,  ihi>  (Irst  ni'IiIct  of  WctlnTs- 
fti'ld  i  nnd  horn  A|)ril  0,  ()1<1  Style,  ITL'O.  (Jood- 
wiii  i.s  iniHtiikeii  in  his  uri'ount  of  liim,  p.  "!»,  lie 
was  one  of  the  converts  under  \\  hitelli'ld,  and 
removed  to  I'ontooNiick,  now  I'ltthlleld,  in  1",*:), 
when  tiiero  wqh  hut  one  building  in  the  ])la('(',  the 
houKe  of  Solomon  Demingi  nnd  lie  introdneed 
and  held  the  (IrHt  plough.  ][e  wan  in  the  liattle 
of  Hennin){ton.  He  wa«n  member  of  the  provin- 
cial conj^resH  in  177-J ;  ho  wan  also  a  jnd^e  of 
the  common  jilean.  His  son  Charles,  a  graduate 
of  Yalo  in  1797,  is  a  preacher  at  Havana,  C'he- 
niun)(  county,  N.  Y.  j  his  grandson,  Charles  S.  J., 
is  a  physician  in  Brooklyn. 

GOODIUCII,  Hannah,  died  unmarried  at  Ver- 
non, Conn.,  in  July,  1820,  aged  100  on  the  day 
of  her  death. 

GOODRICH,  SAMrr.i,,  son  of  Dr.  Elizur  G., 
and  the  minister  of  Ilidgeileld  and  Ilerlin,  died 
April  19,  1833,  aged  72.  His  wife  wos  Eli7.abeth, 
a  daughter  of  Col.  John  Ely.  Of  his  daughters, 
Elizabeth  married  Itev.  Noah  Coe;  Abigail  mar- 
ried Rev.  Samuel  Whittlesey ;  Emily  Chnunccy 
married  Rev.  Darius  Mead.  ]{ev.  Charles  Au- 
gustus Goodrich,  a  graduate  of  1812,  is  his  son. 
He  ])ubliNhed  a  sermon  at  the  ordination  ofC.  A. 
Goodrich  at  Worcester.  1810. 

GOODRICH,  Ei.iziu,  LI..  D.,  died  at  New 
Haven,  Nov.  1,  1849,  aged  88.  Jefferson  re- 
moved him  from  the  office  of  collector  of  customs, 
ond  avowed  in  a  letter  his  purjiose  and  princii)le  of 
removals.  He  was  born  in  Durham,  the  son  of 
Dr.  E.  G. ;  graduated  at  Yale  in  1779;  and  was  a 
member  of  congress  and  judge  of  probate.  I'rof. 
Chauncey  Allen  Goodrich  is  his  son.  He  was  also 
mayor  of  the  city,  and  nine  years  professor  of  law 
in  Yale  college.  His  life  was  one  of  temperance, 
integrity,  and  virtue. 

GOODWIN,  Eziu  S.,  minister  of  Sandwich, 
died  Feb.  5,  1833,  aged  4o.  He  was  a  native  of 
I'lyuiouth,  a  graduate  of  1807.  He  ptd)lished  a 
sermon  in  the  liberal  preacher,  in.  9 ;  address  to 
j)eace  society,  1 830 ;  ancient  and  modern  ortho- 
doxy, 1831 ;  Alice  Bradford,  a  present ;  a  piece  in 
tracts  of  Unitarian  association,' No.  66.  A  memoir 
of  him  is  in  Historical  Collections,  3d  scries, 
vol.  V. 

GOODWIN,  George,  died  in  Hartford  in  May, 
1844,  aged  87,  formerly  publisher  of  the  Hartford 
Courant. 

GOODWIN,  Nattlvxiel,  died  at  Hartford, 
May  29,  1855,  aged  73,  the  son  of  Nathaniel  G. 
and  Anne  Sheldon.  His  other  ancestors,  ascend- 
ing, were  Daniel,  Nathaniel,  Nathaniel,  and 
Osias,  who  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of 
Hartford,  and  died  in  1683,  aged  87.  After  serv- 
ing for  years  creditably  as  an  apprentice  to  the 
Webstcrs,  printers   in    Albany,  he    became    a 


GOOKIN, 


387 


teocher  ond  aland  surveyor.  At  Hartford  he  held 
many  important  pid)li('  trusts.  He  was  treasurer 
many  years,  judge  of  pnibali-,  nnd  clerk,  lie  wan 
inuch  cnipioyi'd  in  M'ltliiig  intcntate  estale>,  and 
was  belli  in  high  rexpccl  as  a  man  of  probity. 
He  died  worth  about  l.'i(),(HH)  dollars,  about  half 
of  which  he  liecpieathcd  to  his  nephew,  Daniel. 
'I'lioiigh  lu'ver  married,  the  subject  of  genealogy 
engaged  much  of  his  attention.  He  pulilished  an 
account  of  the  "  descendants  of  Thomas  Olcott," 
and  tlu'U  of  the  "  Foote  Family.''  He  only  com- 
menced, liefore  he  died,  the  publicaticm  of  hit 
"  genealogical  notes,  or  contributicms  to  the  family 
history  of  some  of  the  first  settlers  of  Connecticut 
and  Massachusetts,"  which  was  jiublished  in  1830, 
pp.  362.     A  memoir  of  Mr.  G.  is  jirellxed. 

GOOKIN,  Daxiki.,  author  of  the  Historical 
Collections  of  the  Indians  in  New  England,  and 
major-general  of  Massachusetts,  died  March  10, 
1687,  aged  7.').  He  was  born  in  the  county  of 
Kent,  in  England.  He  came  to  Virginia  in 
1621  with  his  father,  who  brought  cattle  to  tho 
colony  from  Ireland,  and  who  established  himself 
at  a  i)lantation,  called  Newport's  News.  In  the 
year  1642,  Mr.  Thomson  and  other  ministers  from 
Massachusetts  were  sent  to  Virginia,  to  j)reach  tho 
gospel  to  a  people  but  little  ac(|uninted  with  the 
truth.  AVhen  they  were  forced  to  withdraw  from 
this  colony,  because  they  would  not  conform  with 
the  church  of  England,  such  was  the  attachment 
of  Mr.  Gookin  to  their  preaching,  that  ho  soon 
followed  them.  In  1644  he  removed  with  hia 
family  to  New  England,  nnd  settled  in  Cambridge, 
that  he  might  enjoy  the  ordinances  of  the  gospel 
in  their  i)urity.  Soon  after  his  arrival  he  was  ap- 
jiointed  captain  of  the  military  company  in  Cam- 
bridge, and  a  member  of  the  house  of  deputies. 
In  1632  he  was  elected  assistant  or  magistrate, 
and  four  years  after  was  apjiointed  by  the  general 
court  superintendent  of  all  the  Indians,  who  had 
submitted  to  the  government  of  Massachusetts. 
He  executed  this  office  with  such  fidelity,  that  he 
was  continued  in  it  till  his  death.  In  1636  he 
visited  England,  and  had  an  interview  with  Crom- 
well, who  commissioned  him  to  invite  the  people 
of  Massachusetts  to  transport  themselves  to  Ja- 
maica, which  had  been  conquered  from  the  Span- 
iards. In  1662  he  was  appointed,  with  Mr. 
^litchcU,  one  of  the  licensors  of  the  printing 
press  in  Cambridge.  When  Philip's  war  com- 
menced in  1673,  several  severe  laws  were  passed 
against  the  friendly  Indians,  to  whom  religious  in- 
struction had  been  imparted,  through  apprehen- 
sion that  they  would  join  the  enemy,  and  the  rage 
of  the  people  against  their  red-colored  brethren 
was  violent  and  alarming.  Mr.  Eliot  stood  forth 
as  the  friend  and  protector  of  the  Indians,  and 
Mr.  Gookin,  who  had  zealously  co-operaled  with 
Mr.  Eliot  in  hisbenevolent  exertions,  and  who  fre- 
quently accompanied  him  in  his  missionary  tours, 


881 


OOOKIN. 


Goiinoy. 


wn«  pqiinlly  their  friciiil.  Uc  wah  tlic  only  mnii;U- 
truti-  wlio  cndcaNorcd  to  ))ri'V»'iit  tlir  oiitrii^'cH  i>f 
tho  |)<)|iuliu'('.  Ilo  wuN  in  ('i>iiKi'i|ii(ii('t>  miirli 
aliiiNcd,  niid  cvrri  iniultcdnN  lie  piifiNcd  ihcNirci'tit; 
but  III'  imd  too  iiiiii'li  ortlici'U'viitiiin  of  CliriMliiiii 
virttif  to  IW'I  liny  rrsi'iitnifiit,  mid  tin-  cH'ictii  of 
liccntioiiMiicNN  (lid  not  iiiNpin'  him  with  the  dcHiri' 
of  ahrid^iiiK  the  liliortii'N  of  the  |i('o|ilc,  lie  noom, 
howi'Vfr,  rotoviTi'd  the  t'Hici'iii  and  contidi'nci' 
which  he  had  hmt,  liy  tirnily  rcNistiiiK  th(>att)'in|it<« 
which  were  made  to  dcHtriiy  the  charter  of  Miw- 
■achiiNcttN,  In  KiNl  he  was  n|i|i(iint('d  mnjor-^cn- 
oral  of  the  colony,  and  he  continued  in  the  nia^iN- 
trocy  till  the  diNNolution  of  the  charter  in  lOHd. 
In  the  inscri|iti(iii  u|i<)n  h'm  monument  in  the 
buryinf^-nroiind  in  ('amhridfje,  hiit  name  is  written 
Oookiiif^N.  Such  waN  hin  poverty,  that  Mr.  l'",liot, 
in  a  letter  to  Mr.  H()yle,not  lonff  after  liiH  deceaNe, 
HolicitN  that  charitalile  (rentleman  to  hestow  ten 
jKumdH  i  jioi)  liiH  widow,  lie  wiin  n  man  of  ^ood 
underNtuiidiiif;,  ri);id  in  Iun  reli^'ious  and  political 
opiiiioiiM,  zenloiiH  and  active,  of  inflexible  intej^rity 
nnd  exemjilary  jiiety,  diNiiiterested  and  henevo- 
Icnt,  a  tirni  patriot,  and  uniformly  and  peculiarly 
the  friend  of  the  IndianN,  who  lamented  Iiin  death 
with  unfeijijned  sorrow,  llin  two  sonH,  ])aniel 
and  Nathaniel,  were  niiniNterK;  the  former  of 
Sherburne,  whose  care  extended  also  to  the  In- 
dians at  Natick,and  the  latter  of  Cambridge,  who 
was  ordained  Nov.  13,  1082,  and  died  Aug.  7, 
1092,  aged  33.  He  was  succeeded  by  Mr. 
Brattle. 

Mr.  Gookin  wrote  in  1074  historical  collections 
of  tlic  Indians  in  New  England,  which  remained 
in  manuscript,  till  it  was  imblished  by  tho  V  issa- 
chusetts  historical  society  in  1702.  In  this  work 
he  gives  many  interesting  ])articularN  of  the  viri- 
ous  tribes  of  Indians,  of  their  customs,  manners, 
religion,  and  government,  and  of  the  exertions 
which  were  made  to  civilize  them,  aiid  to  bring 
them  to  an  acquaintance  with  the  Christian  reli- 
gion, lie  also  wrote  a  history  of  New  England ; 
but  it  is  not  known  that  the  manuscrij>t  is  now  in 
existence.  —  7/ij(<.  Cull.  i.  228,  220;  vii.  23  j 
Holmes'  Ilist.  of  Canibridije;  Hutchinson ;  Mru/- 
tialia,  II.  21 ;  Johnson's  Wond.-[Vork.  Prov.  105), 
192;  Stiih,'205. 

GOOKIN,  Natilvniel,  minister  of  Hampton, 
N.  11.,  was  the  son  of  Ilev.  N.  Gookin,  of  Cam- 
bridge, and  was  graduated  in  1703.  He  \\us  or- 
dained in  1710  as  successor  of  John  Cotton. 
After  a  prudent  and  faithful  ministry  of  about 
twenty-four  years,  he  died  in  1734,  aged  40.  His 
son,  Nathaniel,  was  settled  in  North  Ilamjiton, 
r".  jL,  in  1739,  anu  died  in  1700.  His  grandson, 
Judge  J^iiniel,  died  at  Saco  in  1831,  aged  75. 
Mr.  Goo'  i:  'iablishcd  three  sermons,  occasioned 
by  ihc  0  '■:j;:ake  I'l  Oct.,  "^21,  to  which  is 
added  an  t.cco'.m?;  t-i  the  earthquake,  and  some- 
thing   .•jmaiijubi'i  of  thundei   und  lightning  in 


Hampton. —//iW.  Col/,  vil.  .'j.'i  i  ShuHUff'n  Ser- 
miin  lit  OnliiiiitiiiH  nf  Mr.  (Iimkin,  1731). 

(iOKIION,  Wii.l.lAM.  1).  1).,  miiiiKter  of  Itox- 
bury,  MiiKN.,  and  a  hiKtorinn  of  the  .Anicricnn 
war,  died  at  Ipnwich,  I'.ngland,  Oct.  Ill,  |H(»7, 
aged  77.  He  was  a  native  of  llitchin.  I!e  was 
early  settled  as  a  pastor  of  a  large  Indepen- 
dent cliiirch  at  Ipswich,  but  after  niiiny  years  he 
removed  in  conseipience  of  some  inraf  iness  ocra- 
sioned  liy  his  re]irehension  of  the  umduct  of  one 
of  his  princijial  hearers  in  employing  his  work- 
men on  puiilic  liiihinesN  on  the  Lord's  day.  After 
the  death  of  Dr.  David  Jennings,  he  wai  chosen 
to  i)e  his  successor  in  the  church  at  Old  Gravel 
lane,  AV'apping.  Here  lie  might  have  continued 
much  respected,  but  in  the  jear  1770,  his  par- 
tiality to  America  induced  him  to  force  himself 
away,  in  order  to  settle  in  this  country.  After 
having  preached  about  a  yeor  to  the  third  church 
1  in  Jloxbury,  he  was  (n-duined  its  minister  July  0, 
I  1772.  He  took  an  active  ]iart  in  jnililic  mcPMu'es 
I  during  the  war  with  Great  liritain  and  was 
I  chosen  chaplain  to  tho  provincial  cov,"!-'!  mT 
I  Massachusetts.  While  in  this  other  he  preached 
I  a  fast  sermon,  which  strongly  expressed  his  politi- 
cal sentiments.  In  1770  he  formed  the  design  of 
writing  a  history  of  the  great  i  vents  in  America, 
liesidcs  other  sources  of  information,  he  had  re- 
course to  the  records  of  congress,  and  to  those  of 
New  England,  and  was  indulged  with  the  ji'  rusal 
of  the  papers  of  Washington,  Gates,  Greene, 
Lincoln,  and  Otho  WiUiams.  After  the  conclu- 
sion of  the  war  he  returned  to  his  native  country 
in  1780,  and  in  1788  published  the  work,  which 
had  for  several  years  occupied  his  attention. 
It  produced  him  300  pounds.  After  spending 
some  time  in  London,  where  lie  had  many  friends, 
he  obtained  a  settlement  at  St.  Neots  in  llunting- 
donshirc.  This  situation  was  much  inferior  to 
either  of  the  former  settlements  which  he  had  en- 
joyed. The  congregation  gradually  declined,  in 
consequence  of  his  want  of  that  pojiular  address, 
to  which  they  had  been  accustomed,  and  of  the 
failure  of  his  mental  powers.  The  infirmity  of 
his  mind  was  at  length  so  visible,  that  his  friends 
advised  liis  resignation,  and  raised  a  subscrijition 
for  him.  He  afterwards  returned  to  Ipswich, 
England,  where  '  i  hnrt  some  agreeable  con- 
nections left,  llejo  Jm  p/emLed  a  few  occasional 
sermons ;  but  hi  inoini-  ■  .  <'"iled  him  .  ii 
a  degree  as  to  i  '■  i  .»i  .,  .ifor  all  public  ser- 
vice. After  living  to  experience  the  melancholy 
extinction  of  the  powers  of  his  mind,  he  died  at 
Ipswich. 

In  his  religious  sentiments  Dr.  Gordon  was  a 
strict  Calnnist ;  yet  he  jjossessed  a  liberal  mind, 
and  a  very  sociable  disposition.  He  was  even 
sometimes  facetious.  Though  his  temper  was 
warm,  he  was  yet  friendly  and  benevolent.  His 
sermons  were  composed  with  core ;  but,  as  they 


IpBwich, 


GonnoN. 

wi-ro  written  In  a  vcr)'  nytrninlirnl  fi)mi,  nnd  | 
wcri'  ri'urt  witli  klitviih  imIIk  '•■iicu  to  liin  iioti'n,  lie 
wan  mtl  illlc•r^^till^f  hh  a  pnu i  hor,     llf  imlilislicil 
n  pliiii  of  II  Mxii'iy  Cor  tnal(ii)<;   |  rovisidii  lor  wid- i 
own,  l>y  Hiiiiuilii's   for   li'i-,  177:ii  n     '  ruion  at  ai 
fiiNl ;    at    two    tliiiiikHKixiii^*.    ITT^i   Itefoic    'Iw 
liouKc  of  rcprcscntiiiivos,  |7T    .    ,,(    th*  cloctie« 
177.)  I  ln'forc  tilt'  ni'iu'i'iil  court  cm  the  nnnivor- , 
oary  of  Iiiil('|)oii(U'iirr,   177       ilottriiii'  I'l  nuil'T-i 
n:i1  xalvutioii  cxaniinod  aii<l  >liiiuii  to  l>c  uuNrri|)- 
tural,   I7H.'I.     IIIh   liiNtory  of  tlu'   riff,  prof^rcxs, 
and    OHtnliliNlinu'iit   of  tlii'  Iii(Ii'|k>iuU'ii  "  of  tlic 
I'liitrd  StutfH  of  Anici'ica,  ill   -l  vols,  M\o,    17NN, 
tli«iit{1i  not  writti'ii  with  elcf<aiic'i',  \h  allowed  to 
huvi>  conxldcrnlili'  iiu*rlt  an  a  miiiiitc  and  in  ({cn- 
cral  n  faithful  narrativi-  of  factN.     Iloforp  he  canic 
to  thin  country  hi'  jiuhllshcd  an  aiirid){nu<iit  of 
I'rt'Mldcnt  lutward's  trmitinc  on  thu  atfi'ctioiiH.  — 
J'irf.  to   kin  llist.  of  Aiiirririin  IVar;  Monthhj 
Jtepon.,  Lon(liiii,J'iir  Nov.  1H<)7. 

UOllDON,  Wii.i.TAM,  nttornpy-Rcncral  of  tlic 
State  of  Xcw  Ilump.shlrc,  died  at  DoNtun  in  May, 
WVJ,  affcd  '.i\).  llu  wan  (graduated  nt  Harvard 
colli'ni;  in  1779.  IIIh  roKidonce  waH  at  Amherst. 
He  waN  u  Henator  In  the  State  le^istlaturc  and  a 
mcmlier  of  congresH. 

GOKE,  CnRi»iX)i'ni:u,  Rovemor  of  Massachu- 
setts, died  March  1,  18'J7,  a}j[ed  GS.  He  was 
horn  In  UoNton  in  ll,W,  and  waH  tiic  son  of  a  re- 
s])ectahle  mechanic,  who  at  the  heginnin)^  of  the 
lievolution,  as  ho  adhered  to  the  royol  j,'ovem- 
ment,wcnt  to  Halifax,  hut  afterwards  returned  to 
Boston.  He  was  (^roduated  in  177(),  and  after 
studying  law  with  Judge  Lowell,  engaged  In  ex- 
tensive and  lucrative  practice.  In  178!)  ho  was 
ajipointed  first  United  States  attorney  for  the  dis- 
trict of  Massachusetts,  In  the  execution  of  which 
office  lie  met  with  difficulties,  but  lie  resolutely 
pursued  the  course  of  duty.  In  179(5  he  was 
oppolntcd  colleague  with  William  rinkney,  a 
commissioner  under  the  fourtli  article  of  Jay's 
treaty,  to  settle  our  claims  for  spoliations.  IJy 
his  etforts,  when  in  England,  he  recovered  sums 
to  a  vast  amount  for  our  citizens;  his  argument 
on  that  class  of  captures,  which  were  made  under 
the  rule  of  175(5,  was  elaborate  nnd  ])owerful. 
As  his  commission  lasted  nearly  elglit  years,  he 
rcmaiiR'd  abroad  till  18(14.  In  the  preceding  year 
lie  had  lieen  left  by  Ills  intimate  friend,  llufus 
King,  minister  to  England,  charge  d'affaires. 
After  his  return  ho  was  chosen,  in  1809,  governor 
of  Massachusetts,  as  successor  of  Sullivan ;  hut 
I  he  next  year  the  )ieople  chose  Mr.  Gerry  in  his 
(.lace.  In  181 1  he  was  appointed  senator  to  con- 
gross.  In  which  cajiacity  ho  served  aliout  three 
years,  and  then  withdrew  Into  final  retirement. 
His  ri'sideiM'c  was  a  beautiful  scat,  about  nine 
miles  from  Uoston,  at  Waltham,  whence  he  was 
iccustonied  f'lequently  to  walk  into  town.  An 
cvcruciuiiug  disorder  embittered  his  lost  years. 


Having  no  cliildrrn,  Mr.  dorr  left  vahinblii  be- 
(pii'slM  to  the  Aini'ri(  an  ucadiiiiy  and  thr  liiiitnri- 
c.d  xix'ii'ty,  of  which  he  was  a  nuinl"  >  ;  iiiul  he 
lii:i(li'  Harvard  ('ollcgr,  of  wliidi  lir  '  I  lin  i  « 
fillow  or  trustee,  liis  rcsidiiiiry  li.,.ii'.  \\  ;h 
the  literature  «)f  tl  o  day  be  imd  ki'|il  li-di' t  If 
familiarly  arquali»ted,  und  be  w»n  uii  ivccllnnl 
ehiK-sical  scholar.  His  mind  was  acute  mm!  tki»> 
criiiainating ;  his  m'Mulii  pure  :  his  nituw»«'n«  iHifni- 
H(  ll  (fill  i'lc(j,iiil.  lie  published  a  inaNnnu-  ortitlon, 
17n(.       .!//(,  /  t'<i«  Aiiit.  linj,  In:.'»;-7,  |i   :«;t!>-.'H  I. 

fiOIUil'.S,  Fl  llt'iVAMM), Sir.  proprietor  of  ilio 
pro\iii(>  111"  Maine,  died  in  1(H7.  lie  wai»  the 
guveruor  of  I'lyinouth  nnd  an  early  nn'inlier  of 
the  riynuiuih  eonipaiiy  mi  Ijigiand.  In  KKMI  ho 
and  Cliii't-juslice  I'opli  in  scjii  out  C'hailons  in  a 
shij)  of  lilU'  tons  fdi  ili>cover».  but  the  msscI  wh» 
en|itiired  by  llie  S|,.lni»rd^.  In  the  m-xt  ynr 
{leorge  rii|>hani  i(*ul  llulrigh  (iilbert  Were  sent 
out  to  the  KcniuMi'c.  In  1(519  Iio  sent  Cnpt. 
Dernier  to  Moniicgaii.  l)eslrous  of  enga^rvng  the 
Scotch  in  the  seltleiiient  of  New  Englaii'l,  bo 
|)romoted  the  jiatetit  ol  Xovn  Scotia  to  Sir  \  m. 
Alexander.  Se|)t.  10,  l(ii;i,  In  l<)l.'l!  the  cd.neil 
of  I'lymoulh,  esti  jlislKMJ  l)y  new  charter  In  lOL'O, 
made  to  him  and  ■'.  Masow  a  grant  of  tiie  lands 
between  the  Merr  \uic  anil  Sagadahoc,  reaching 
back  to  the  laki  ,  called  Laconlii.  The  next 
year  a  settlement  w  •*  ci  lamenced  at  Pnscntn(|ua. 
In  10i59  ho  obtuineii  ('mm  the  crown  a  confirina> 
lory  grant  of  the  lau  Irom  I'ascntaqua  to  Saga- 
dahoc, called  the  \w  vjncc  of  Maine,  In  coin])li- 
ment  to  Queen  Honrii  ita,  who  hold  ns  her  estnto 
the  province  of  Maine  i-i  Franco.  He  was  m.ulo 
lord  jmlatlnc.  He  in(  'rpornted  the  vlllngi'  of 
Agameiitlcus,  or  York,  ilo  a  city,  called  (iop,  e- 
ana;  but  the  colony  did  not  prosjier.  This  esiaMc 
fell  to  his  son,  John  Cioi  ,'(s,  who  neglected  the 
])rovliice,  so  that  In  1(552  liey  placed  themselves 
under  Massachusetts.  !  le  expended  20,000 
])()unds  In  his  Amerlcnu  enterprises.  He  |)ul>- 
lished  narrative  of  his  pri"  icdiiigs  relative  to  the 
settlement  of  New  Eng!a  d,  contained  in  the 
work  of  his  grandsor,  !•"(  idinando,  1(JJ9.  In 
closing  his  nnrralive  he  ask>.  ••  What  can  be  more 
pleasing  to  a  generous  nature,  thnn  to  lie  exer- 
cised In  doing  luiblic  ;;ood  j  .  ul  whnt  monument 
so  durable  ns  erecting  of  I.  uses,  villages,  nnd 
towns;  nnd  what  more  ])ious  'ban  advancing  of 
Christian  religion  amongst  ]»  ijile,  who  have  not 
known  the  excellency  thereo;  ?  "  In  this  work 
Dr.  Belknaj)  found  materials  for  liia  history  of 
Gorges.  —  Iklknap'ii  liiaij.  l.  ',A<S-'M'i. 

GOUGES,  Fkuuinanik),  grumlson  of  the  jire- 
ceding,  succeeded  to  the  rlghrs  of  his  father, 
John.  On  the  restoration  ho  pf  titioned  the  king 
against  the  usurpation  of  Mass.jchusetts.  Com- 
missioners, Carr,  etc.,  were  sent  over  to  adjust 
the  affairs  of  government.  But  in  1677  lie  was 
induced  to  sell  his  rights  to  Massachusetts  for 


390 


GORDON. 


GORTON. 


U 


1250  pounds.  The  territon-,  thus  acquired,  was 
firHt  formed  into  the  two  counties  of  York  and 
Cumberland.  He  ])ul)li.slR(i  a  de^cri])tion  of  New 
Erif^land,  entitled  "  .Vnienca  ])ainted  to  the  life," 
London,  l(iOt),  containiiif;  the  narrative  l)y  his 
grandfather,  as  well  as  deserijitions  of  his  own. 
In  home  editions,  .Johnson's  wonder-working 
providence  is  also  annexed. 

GO]UI.\M,  John,  colonel,  died  at  narnstablc, 
in  1717,  aged  Oo.  He  was  distinguished  in  the 
war  aganist  the  iM-ench  and  Indians. 

GO]lII.\M,  X.vniAXiKi.,  ])resident  of  congress, 
was  born  in  C'harlestown,  Mass.,  in  1738,  and 
died  June  11,  17U(i,  aged  ."iH.  lie  was  often  n 
member  of  the  lcgislr.tiwe,and  in  1784  was  elected 
to  congress,  and  was  chosen  ])resident  June  G, 
1786.  He  was  also  a  Judge  of  the  court  of  com- 
mon jjleas  for  several  years.  As  a  member  of  the 
convention  he  assisted  in  forming  the  constitution 
of  the  United  States.  —  Elial ;  Wcls/i'n  Ivalogij. 
GORHAM,  Natiiamix,  son  of  the  ])reccding, 
one  of  the  first  settlers  of  the  "  Genesee  country," 
died  at  Canandaigua  Oct.  2'1,  1S1;0,  with  the  char- 
acter of  a  worthy  citizen.  Massachusetts  having 
received  of  New  York  the  right  of  jjre-emption 
of  about  six  millions  of  acres,  sold  their  right  of 
the  eastern  one-third,  or  two  millions,  to  Nathaniel 
Gorham  and  Oliver  rhel])s,  in  1788,  for  a()0,0()() 
pounds.  In  July  they  held  a  treaty  with  the 
five  nations  of  Indians  and  obtained  their  release. 
Mr.  Phelps  began  the  settlement  in  1789.  In 
1790  one  million  of  "  l'hel])s  and  Gorham's  j)ur- 
chase "  was  sold  to  R.  Morris,  and  he,  in  1792, 
sold  to  C  ^N'illiamson. 

GORHAM,  William,  judge,  died  in  Gorham, 
Me.,  in  1804.  A  native  of  ^lassachusetts,  he 
went  early  on  j)ublic  business  to  Nova  Scotia,  and 
in  1772  removed  to  Gorham.  In  1782  he  was 
judge  of  i)robate  j  in  1789,  judge  of  common 
jjleas.  He  was  a  man  of  solid  talents,  and  good 
judgment,  and  a  Christian. 

GORHAM,  John,  M.  D.,  physician  in  Roston, 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1801,  and  studied 
Lis  ]n'ofessi()ii  at  I^dinburgh.  In  1809  he  was 
a])i)ointed  ailjunct  jjrol'essor  of  chemistry  and 
materia  medica  at  Cambridge;  and  in  1816,  pro- 
fessor of  chemistry  and  mineralogy.  He  died 
suddenly  :March  29, 1829,  aged  40.  He  published 
inaugural  address,  1817 ;  elements  of  chemical 
science,  2  vols.  8vo.  1819. 

GORILVM,  R];x,iA.ML\,  died  in  Boston  Sept. 
27,  1855,  aged  80;  a  graduate  of  1795.  His 
father,  Nathaniel  G.,  of  Charlestown,  was  presi- 
dent of  the  continental  congress  ;  his  brother  was 
a  pioneer  of  western  New  York.  Studying  law, 
he  was  the  associate  of  I'rescott,  Jackson,  Par- 
sons, Gore,  Dexter,  SulUvan.  Cabot,  Ames,  Otis, 
Parker,  and  Lowell.  He  was  also  a  faithful  re])- 
rcsentative  and  senator  in  congress.  By  marriage 
he  was  connected  with  Judge  Lowell  and  J.  C. 


Jones.  In  private  life  lie  loved  to  talk,  and  he 
talked  well.  —  Boston  Ailrciii.iei;  July  IG,  1850. 

GORHAM,  .Mahy,  died  in  Stratford,  Cmuii., 
Jan.  2,  1837,  aged  74,  widow  of  Ca])t.  Nclu  i,.iah 
G.,  an  officer  of  the  Revolution.  She  was  a 
memorable  examjile  of  humility,  of  submission 
and  jiaiience,  of  jjcace  and  hojjc,  in  a  long-con- 
tinued sickness. 

GORTON,  Samikl,  the  first  settler  of  War- 
wick, R.  I.,  died  after  1G7G,  at  an  advanced  age. 
He  came  to  this  country  in  1G3G,  and  in  a  few 
years  occasioned  much  disturbance  in  the  church 
of  Boston  by  the  wild  sentiments  on  religion 
which  he  advanced.  He  soon  Mcnt  to  Plymouth, 
in  which  colony  he  was  subjected  to  corjioral  jjun- 
ishmcnt  for  his  errors,  and  whence  he  removed  in 
June,  1638,  to  Rhode  Island.  At  Newport  he 
received  the  same  discijiline,  on  account  of  his 
eontemj)t  of  the  civil  authority.  He  purchased 
some  land  near  Pawtuxet  river,  in  the  south  jiart 
of  Providence,  in  Jan.,  1041.  Under  the  cover 
of  this  purchase  he  encroached  ujion  the  lauds  of 
others,  and,  comi)laints  having  been  entered 
against  him  in  the  court  of  Massachusetts,  ho 
was  required  to  submit  himself  to  the  jurisdiction 
of  that  colony,  and  to  answer  for  his  conduct. 
This  summons  he  treated  with  contempt ;  but, 
being  a])])rchensive  that  he  was  not  in  u  place  of 
safety,  he  crossed  the  river  at  the  close  of  1642, 
and  with  eleven  others  purchased  of  Miantun- 
nomu,  the  Narragansett  sachem,  a  tract  of  land 
at  Mishawomct,  for  which  he  paid  144  fathoms  of 
wamjjum.  The  deed  was  signed  Jan.  17,  1643. 
The  town,  of  which  he  now  laid  the  foundation, 
was  afterwards  called  Warwick.  In  May  follow- 
ing, he  and  his  jiarty  were  seized  by  order  of  the 
general  court  of  Massachusetts,  and  carried  to 
Boston,  where  he  was  required  to  answer  to  the 
charge  of  being  a  blasphemous  enemy  of  the 
gospel  and  its  ordinances,  and  of  all  civil  gov- 
ernment. His  ingenuity  embarrassed  the  judges, 
for,  while  he  adhered  to  his  own  expressions, 
which  ))lainly  contradicted  the  opinions  which 
were  embraced  in  JIassachusetts,  he  yet,  when  ex- 
amined by  the  ministers,  professed  a  coincidence 
with  them  generally  in  their  religion.?  sentiments. 
The  letter  which  he  wrote  to  the  governor,  before 
his  seizure,  was  addressed  "  to  the  great,  honored, 
idol  gentleman  of  JIassachusetts,"  and  was  filled 
with  re])roaches  of  the  magistrates  and  ministers; 
but  hi  his  examination  he  declared  that  he  had 
reference  only  to  the  corrupt  state  of  mankind  in 
general.  He  had  asserted  that  Christ  suft'ered 
actually  before  he  suffered  under  I'ilate  ;  but  his 
meannig  was,  as  he  said,  that  the  death  of  Christ 
was  actual  to  the  faitji  of  the  fathers.  The  ordi- 
nances, he  thought,  were  abolished  after  the  rev- 
elation was  written,  and  thus  he  could  admit  that 
they  were  the  ordinances  of  Christ,  because  they 
were  established  for  a  short  time  by  liim.    But 


\'.- 


OOSNOLD. 

tliis  equivocation  did  not  avail  him.  His  opinions 
wore  undoubtedly  erroncoiui.  All  the  nuijjis- 
trates  hut  three  were  of  opinion  thai  he  sliouKl 
he  i)ut  to  death,  hut  the  deputies  were  in  favor  of 
milder  measures.  Gorton,  with  a  mimher  of  his 
companions,  was  sentenced  to  imprisonment  and 
hard  labor,  and  prohii)ited  from  jiassinj;  the  limits 
of  the  town  to  which  he  was  sent,  and  from  ])rop- 
agating  his  heresies,  under  pain  of  death.  After 
a  few  months,  the  dissatisfaction  of  many  ])eopIc 
with  his  imprisonment,  and  other  causes,  induced 
the  court  to  substitute  banishment  in  its  place.  In 
1014  he  went  to  England  with  a  deed  from  the 
Narragansett  Indians,  transferring  their  territory 
to  the  king  ;  and  he  obtained  an  order  from  par- 
liament, securing  to  him  the  j)eaceable  jjossessioii 
of  hif,  lands,  lie  arrived  at  lioston  in  1048,  and 
thence  proceeded  to  Shawomet,  which  he  called 
Warwick,  in  lionor  of  the  Earl  of  AVarwick,  who 
had  given  him  much  assistance  in  eflecting  his 
object.  Here  he  officiated  as  a  minister,  and  dis- 
seminated his  doctrhies,  in  consequence  of  which 
a  large  j)art  of  the  descendants  of  his  followers 
have  neglected  all  religion  to  the  jiresent  day. 
Without  the  advantages  of  education,  he  made 
himself  acquainted  with  the  Hebrew  and  Greek 
languages,  that  he  might  better  understand  the 
Scrijitures,  though  he  had  affected  to  despise 
hunuin  learning.  He  violently  op])Osed  the  Qua- 
kers, as  their  ])rincij)lcs  were  hostile  to  his  anti- 
nomian  sentiments.  He  believed  that  the  suffer- 
ings of  Christ  were  within  his  children,  and  that 
he  vas  as  much  in  this  world  at  one  time  as  at 
another ;  that  all  which  is  related  of  him  is  to  be 
taken  in  a  s]iirilual  sense ;  that  he  was  incarnate 
ill  .\dani,  and  was  the  image  of  God,  wherein  he 
was  created.  He  ])ublished  simplicity's  defence 
against  the  seven-headed  j)olicy,  which  was  an- 
sweretl  by  Mr.  Winslow  j  antidote  against  Phari- 
saical teachers  ;  saltmarsh  returned  from  the  dead, 
10 J5 ;  a  glass  for  the  ])eo])le  of  New  iMigiand.  — 
Winthroj),  300-318,  32o;  Morton,  117,  120; 
Jlidchinson,l.  72,  117-124,549;  Coll.  Hid.  Sor. 
l.\.  35-38  ;  Holmes;  Callcmler, 'Sti, '61 ;  Mayna- 
lia,  vii.  11. 

GOSXOI.I),  BarthoUiMKW,  an  intrepid  mari- 
ner of  the  west  of  Isngland,  sailed  from  Ealmouth 
for  the  coast  of  America  March  20,  1002.  In- 
stead of  approaching  this  country  by  the  way  of 
liie  West  Indies,  he  was  tlie  first  I'iiiglishman  who 
directly  crossed  the  ocean.  He  discovered  land 
May  14lh,  and  a  cajie  on  the  loth,  near  which  he 
caiiglit  a  great  numl)er  of  cod,  from  wliicii  cir- 
cumstance he  named  the  land  Caj)e  Cod.  The 
Indians,  whom  he  met  at  ditlerent  ])laces,  wore 
ornaments  of  cop|)er,  and  used  the  jnpe  and  to- 
bacco. He  jjftssed  Sandy  l'oint,and  in  a  few  days 
came  to  an  island,  which  he  named  Martha's 
Vineyard,  as  there  were  many  vines  upon  it. 
This  is  su])posed  to  have  been,  not  the  island 


GOULD. 


391 


which  now  bears  that  nt^me,  but  the  small  island, 
which  is  called  No  man's  land.  He  resided  three 
weeks  on  the  most  western  of  the  Elizabeth 
islands,  on  which  he  built  a  tort  and  store-house. 
Ihit,  findhig  that  he  had  not  a  supply  of  provis- 
ions, he  gave  uj)  the  design  of  making  a  settle- 
ment. The  cellar  of  his  store-house  was  discov- 
ered by  Dr.  Delkna])  in  1707.  Atk-r  his  rcttn-n 
to  England  he  embarked  in  an  cxiiedition  to  Vir- 
ginia, where  he  was  a  member  of  the  council. 
Hut  he  died  soon  after  his  arrival,  Aug.  22,  1007. 

—  lldhmip,  II.  100-122;  Jlohiic.t ;  riirchns,  W. 
1090;  V.  104()-10,J3;  Slll/i,  30,  3.3,  4o  ;  liiilish 
A'/H/*nr,  I.  353 ;  llani.i'  Viii/ai/en,  1.  810;  i'ni- 
rcfstil  /lislori/,  XXXIX.  209,  270. 

GOSS,  Thomas,  minister  of  ISoIton,  died  in 
1780,  aged  about  03.  He  graduated  at  Harvard 
in  1737. 

GOSS,  Ebexkzkr,  Dr.,  died  in  Paris,  Me.,  in 
1825,  aged  84.  He  came  from  Concord,  N.  H., 
and  had  lived  fifty  years  in  Maine. 

GOUGH,  Haxxaii,  widow  of  Josejih  G.,  died 
in  New  York  Oct.  19,  1845,  aged  109  years,  11 
months,  in  full  possession  of  her  faculties. 

GOCM),  Tiiu-MAS,  a  IJa])tist  minister,  came 
from  England  to  Boston  before  1087.  —  ifnow's 
JlLitfiiy  (if  Dosloii. 

GOULD,  EliiiXKZiCR,  a  minister  in  Middletowii, 
Conn.,  died  in  1778,  aged  about  75.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  in  1723. 

GOULD,  Jamks,  LL.  D.,  died  at  Litchfield, 
Conn.,  May  11,  1838,  aged  C7.  .\  native  of 
Uranford,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1791,  became 
a  distinguisiied  lawyer  and  juilge  (;f  the  supreme 
court  of  Connecticut,  and  for  many  years  was  tlie 
I  associate  of  .Mr.  Reeve,  as  a  ])rofessor  in  the  law 
school  at  Litchfield,  after  whose  death  he  con- 
ducted it  for  a  few  years.  He  was  learned,  ac- 
icomplished,  amiable  and  attl'dionate.  He  |iul)- 
lislied  ])rinci]ues  of  pleading  in  civil  actions,  1832. 

—  Jlvllinlei's  llialiirij  of  ('oiiiieviifiif. 
G(.)ULD,  John  W.,  son  of  Judge  J. (Jouid,  died 

at  sea  Oct.  1,  1838,  aged  23.  His  writings  were 
])ub!ished  in  a  volume,  with  a  sketch  of  Ins  life, 
1839.  The  forecastle  yarns  were  i;ul)!ished  sep- 
arately in  1854.  —  Cijclopalid  of  Aiiicr.  I  At. 

GOULD,  M.  WuDiHiHiDCii:,  died  in  .Southamp- 
ton in  1838.  She  was  born  in  Nov.,  178",  the 
only  daughter  of  Dr.  S.  Woo<ll)riilge,  of  South- 
ami)ton,  the  minister  of  which  jjlace,  Kev.  V. 
(jiouid,  she  married.  She  was  a  scholar.  In  his 
atjsence  his  many  jHijiils  in  (ireek  and  Latin  re- 
cited to  her;  and  she  had  great  ])lety  as  well  as 
talents.  Her  character  is  described  at  length  in 
the  Recorder  of  July  20,  1838. 

GOULD,  Alkxaxdku,  died  at  Elliot  April  19, 
1844,  aged  93  :  he  was  in  Bunker  Hill  battle.  — A 
Captain  Benjamin  Gould  was  wounded  in  the  bat- 
tle of  Lexington,  who  died  about  1840,  aged  00  : 
his  residence,  it  is  supjjosed,  was  Boston, 


ilv 


'I 


'■Sj  '!' 


392 


GOULD. 


GOULD,  Vinson,  died  in  1841,  npcd  67.  Bom 
in  Sharon,  Conn.,  he  graduated  at  Williams  col- 
lege in  179".  He  Hiiccccded  Mr.  Jiidd  as  minis- 
ter of  Soiitliiim])toii,  .Ma.sR.,and  was  minister  from 
1801  to  1832,  when  he  resigned.  From  1833  to 
1830  he  was  a  minister  in  Hernardston.  He 
pulilished  a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of  S.  Clark, 
1808. 

GOULD,  Daniki.,  minister  of  Itumford,  Me., 
died  May  21,  1842,  aged  !)().  He  was  two  years 
in  the  war;  then  a  graduate  of  Harvard  in  1782, 
and  a  much  respected  minister. 

GOULD,  William  M.,dicd  in  New  York  June 
16,  18tJ2,  aged  36;  author  of  zephyrs  from  Italy, 
a  l)ook  of  travelling  sketches. 

GOULD,  William,  general,  died  in  Caldwell, 
N.  J.,  Feb.  12, 1847,  aged  89.  He  was  in  the  bat- 
tle of  Monmouth.  In  1784  he  and  others  formed 
the  cliurch,  of  which  he  was  a  worthy  officer. 
His  death  was  that  of  a  humble,  j)enitent  man, 
yet  full  of  faith  in  Christ,  in  whom  was  his  "  only 
hope." 

GOULD,  BuLAii  H.,  wife  of  Maj.  D.  Gould,  of 
Sharon,  Conn.,  died  May  22,  185G,  aged  60.  She 
was  a  woman  of  eminent  jjiety,  of  unwearied  in- 
dustry, of  rare  benevolence.  P'or  many  years  as 
a  milliner  she  toiled  to  gain  projjcrty  for  good 
uses.  Her  gains  of  350  dollars  a  year  for  ten 
years  she  devoted  to  charity,  giving  about  1700 
dollars  to  the  American  board,  and  900  to  tlie 
home  missions,  and  300  to  the  Bible  society.  — 
JV'.  v.  Observer,  June  29. 

GOULDING,  TiioMA.s,  1).  D.,  minister  of  Co- 
lumbus, Ga.,  died  in  July,  1848,  aged  02.  After 
preaching  he  died  within  an  hour  from  an  affec- 
tion of  the  heart. 

G]{AE.ME,  Thomas,  Dr.,  a  distinguished  jjhy- 
sician  in  Philadelphia  for  near  half  a  century, 
died  about  1774.  He  was  collector  of  the  port. 
He  was  a  native  of  Scotland,  a  graduate  in  med- 
icine. His  residence  was  Graeme  j)ark,  about 
twenty  miles  from  the  city.  His  wife  was  the 
daughter  of  Sir  Wm.  Keith ;  his  daughter  was 
Mrs.  Ferguson.  —  I'ortfoUo,  new  series,  I.  520. 

GIIAFTOX,  JosKPii,  a  useful  pastor,  died  at 
Newton  Dec.  16,  1830,  aged  77.  He  was  for 
nearly  lialf  a  century  the  Baptist  minister  of 
Newton.  He  was  born  at  Newj)ort,  U.  L  He 
published  a  piece  on  baptism  and  a  funeral  sermon. 

GU.\n.\M,  John,  first  mini-tcr  of  Southbury, 
Conn.,  died  in  Dec,  1774,  aged  80.  He  was  a 
descendant  of  one  of  the  marciuises  of  Montro.se, 
born  in  l^linburgh  in  1094,  and  educated  at  Glas- 
gow, He  studied  ])hysic.  Emigrating  to  this 
country  with  the  Londonderry  people  in  1718,  he 
lived  at  first  in  E.veter,  N.  H. ;  but,  after  he  be- 
came a  ])reaeher,  he  was  ordained  as  the  first 
minister  of  Stafford,  Conn.,  May  25,  1723.  The 
settlement  of  the  town  began  m  1710.    Suffering 


GRAHAM. 

with  his  family  from  want  of  the  necessaries  of 
life,  he  was  dismissed  in  1731  for  inadequate  sup- 
])ort.  After  living  a  short  time  in  Lel)anon,  he 
was  settled  Jan.  17,  1733,  as  the  first  minister  of 
the  second  church  in  Woodbury,  in  a  village  which 
is  now  the  town  of  Southbury.  Here  he  ])assed 
more  than  forty  years,  useful  and  respected.  He 
had  a  colleague,  Mr.  Wildman,  in  1706.  In  the 
revival  of  religion  in  New  England  about  1740, 
he  zealously  engaged  in  promoting  it  by  his  labors. 
He  married,  in  E.xeter,  Love  Sanborn  ;  and  there 
his  son  John  was  born  in  1722.  His  second  wife 
was  Abigail,  the  daughter  of  Bev.  Isaac  Chauncy 
of  Iladley.  His  daughter.  Love  Graham,  married 
first  Mr.  Brinkerhofi,  who  lived  on  the  Hudson 
river,  and  next  llev.  Jonathan  Lee  of  Salisbury  ; 
fihc  was  the  mother  of  llev.  Dr.  Chauncy  Lee. 
Three  of  his  sons,  graduates  of  1740,  1747,  and 
1700,  were  ministers:  John  of  Suffield,  Chauncy 
of  Fishkill,  and  Kichard  C.  of  Pelham,  Mass. 
His  sons,  Andrew  and  Robert,  were  j)hysicians. 
Robert  lived  at  White  Plains,  and  was  judge  of 
the  common  j)leas  and  the  admiralty  courts.  Rev. 
John  G.  died  in  West  Suffield  in  1790,  aged  74. 
Mr.  Graham  wrote,  in  1732,  a  ballad  against  the 
church  of  England.  It  exists  in  manuscript.  He 
published  also  a  tract  on  the  same  subject,  and  a 
rejoinder  to  Johnson's  answer.  They  call  him 
Dr.  Graham,  perhaps  because  he  was  once  a  pliy- 
sician. 

GRAHAM,  Andekw,  an  eminent  physician,  and 
patriot  of  the  Revolution,  was  the  son  of  the  pre- 
ceding, and  was  for  many  years  the  rcjircsenta- 
tive  of  Woodbury.  He  was  the  surgeon  of  the 
troo])s  in  the  action  at  Danbury  ;  and  in  the  battle 
of  the  White  Plains  was  taken  prisoner,  and  not 
released  till  the  surrender  of  Cornwallis.  Ho 
died  in  1785. —  Graham's  Vermont,  (>,  7. 

GRAHAM,  Isabella,  a  pious  and  benevolent 
lady  of  New  York,  was  born  in  Scotland  July  29, 
1742;  in  1705  she  married  Dr.  John  Graham, 
and  accomj)anied  him  with  his  regiment  to  Niag- 
ara, and  thence  to  Antigua,  where  lie  died  in 
1774.  She  came  in  1789  to  New  York,  where 
for  many  years  she  superintended  a  school  for  the 
instruction  of  young  ladies.  By  her  efforts  the 
widow's  society,  the  orjihan  asylum  society,  and 
the  society  for  the  promotion  of  industry  were  in- 
stituted. She  died  Jidy  27,  1814.  Mr.  Bethune 
married  her  daughter.  Dr.  Mason  published  in- 
teresting memoirs  of  her  life. 

GR.MIAM,  John  Axuuicw,  LL.  D.,  died  at 
New  York  Aug.  29,  1841,  aged  77.  He  was  the 
son  of  Dr.  Andrew  Graham,  of  Woodbury,  the 
sixth  of  his  nine  ehil  'rcn.  Born  in  1704,  in  the 
early  part  of  his  life  he  resided  at  Burlington, 
Vt.,  and  about  1795  he  went  to  London  as  agent 
to  the  Episcopal  church  of  Vermont,  and  resided 
there  several  years.    On  his  return  lie  lived  at 


GRAHAM. 


GRANT. 


303 


New  York.  Tie  jiuMishcd  skcfrh  of  Vermont, 
Loiulon,  179";  speeches  in  the  New  York  courts, 
'812. 

(iJtAHAM,  "Wii.MAM  M.,  cohmcl,  fell  in  hattlo 
in  Mexico  Sej)t.  H,  ISl".  He  was  horn  in  Vir- 
fjinin,  and  liad  fouf;ht  the  Indians  in  I'lorida  in 
various  hattles. 

CillAHAM,  JosF.rii,  general,  died  Nov.  12, 
ls;i(i,  nf;ed  77,  in  Lincoln  county,  N.  C.  lie  was 
horn  in  Chester,  I'enn.,  in  17")!),  and  in  the  State 
to  which  he  emifjrated  snsfaincd  various  jniblic 
offices.  I'or  forty  years  he  was  a  member  of  tlie 
I'roshyterian  clinrcli.  He  was  frugal  and  lil)eral ; 
he  lived  to  see  his  cliildren  rise  to  eminence,  and 
he  died  in  the  assurance  of  a  happy  immortality. 

GRAHAM,  Isaac  Gimskut,  M.  1).,  died  Se])'t. 
1,  1818,  aged  88.  He  was  horn  in  Southhnry, 
Conn.,  son  of  i^r.  Andrew  G.,  and  was  surgeon  in 
army  at  ^Vcsl  Point.  At  the  close  of  the  war  ho 
settled  at  Unionville,  N.  Y.,  and  there  lived  more 
than  sixty  years,  —  a  benevolent  ])hysician,  a  sin- 
cere and  humble  believer  in  the  Cliristian  faith. 

GItAHAM,  Aijxa.ndkh  J., died  at  New  Leba- 
non, N.  Y.,  July  23,  IHoO,  aged  24 ;  a  missionary 
to  the  Choctaws.  The  son  of  Charles  I.  Graham, 
of  Newark,  he  was  educated  at  I'rinceton  college 
and  seminary ;  then  took  charge  of  the  Spencer 
academy,  Arkansas,  devoting  liiniself  to  the  ser- 
vice of  forty  Indian  boys.  But  he  soon  died.  — 
K.  y.  Observer,  Aug.  3. 

GRAHAM,  Syi.vestkr,  died  at  Northampton, 
Mass.,  Sept.  11,  1851,  aged  50.  He  was  the  son 
of  Rev.  John  G.,  of  Suffield.  For  some  years 
he  was  a  preacher ;  then  for  the  rest  of  his  life  a 
public  lecturer  on  total  abstinence  from  animal 
food,  which  he  recommended  j  on  temperance,  and 
on  other  subjects.  He  published  lectures  on  the 
science  of  human  life,  2  vols.,  and  other  lectures. 
Dr.  Titus  ("ornwell,  a  resident  in  Illinois,  died  in 
1855.  bequeathing  four-fifths  of  an  estate  of  from 
7,000  to  10,000  dollars,  the  interest  to  be  em- 
ployed for  the  benefit  of  schools  in  Greene  county, 
in  tlio  disiribution  annually  of  Graham's  and  Al- 
cott's  lectures. 

(iR.VHAM,  David,  an  eminent  lawyer  in  New- 
York,  died  of  the  consumjition  at  Nice,  in  Italy, 
May  27,  1852,  aged  40.  lie  was  skilled  in  argu- 
ing criminal  and  other  jury  cases.  He  was  one 
of  the  commissioners  for  framing  the  new  code  of 
procedure  in  New  York. 

(iRAHA^I,  AiGUSTis,  died  in  1851.  Ry  his 
will,  dated  A])ril  and  Oct.,  1851,  he  bequeathed 
about  100,000  dollars  to  a  multitude  of  institu- 
tions. Among  the  largest  of  his  becjuests  were 
27,000  to  the  Brooklyn  institute;  12,000  for  lec- 
tures on  the  attributes  of  God  seen  hi  his  works ; 
10,000  to  the  colonization  society,  and  the  same 
to  the  Unitaiian  association  in  Boston.  —  A'.  1'. 
Olmrrrer,  Dec.  11. 

GRAHAM,  John  B.,  died  of  apoplexy   in 
50 


Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  in  March,  1853.  He  and  his 
l)rother  .\ugustus,  who  died  in  1852,  were  natives 
of  Scotland,  and  lived  in  B.  about  forty  years ; 
they  were  rich  and  generous,  the  founders  of  the 
Brooklyn  institute,  home  for  aged  females,  and 
the  city  hns])ital. 

GR.\H.\M.  MAnoAnicT,  Mrs.,  died  in  Lexing- 
ton, Va.,  Sept.  25,  1853,  aged  83;  the  daughter 
of  A\'illiam  Alexander,  and  the  sister  of  Dr.  Ar- 
chibald A.  When  young  she  rode  forty  miles  to 
attend  a  remarkable  religious  meeting  at  the 
I'caks  of  Otter,  and  became  soon  religious,  and 
made  her  jirofession  with  her  brother  under  a 
large  tent,  a."  there  was  no  church  at  Lexington. 
She  lived  as  a  Christian  more  than  fifty  years. 

GRAHAM,  Joii.v,  minister  jjlenipotentiary  to 
the  court  of  Brazil,  died  at  Washington  August 
0,  1820,  aged  40.  His  ill  health  liad  induced 
him  to  return.  While  a  member  of  the  legisla- 
ture of  Virginia,  he  was  a])pointed  secretary  to 
the  American  legation  in  Sjjain;  afterwards  sec- 
retary for  the  territory  of  Louisiana ;  then  chief 
clerk  in  the  department  of  State.  In  1818  he 
went  on  a  mission  with  Rodney  and  Bland  for 
political  information  to  Buenos  Ayres.  His  long 
and  valuable  report  was  made  Nov.  5,  1818,  and 
is  among  the  printed  State  papers.  His  worth 
was  attested  by  letters  of  Madison  and  Monroe, 
published  hi  Nat.  Intell.,  Aug.  29,  1820. 

GRANGER,  Giukon,  postmaster-general  of 
the  United  States,  died  Dec.  31,  1822.  He 
was  born  at  Suffield,  Conn.,  July  19,  17G7,  the 
son  of  Gideon  Granger,  and  graduated  at  Yale 
college  in  1787.  He  soon  became  eminent  as  a 
lawyer.  Through  his  exertions  in  the  legislature 
Connecticut  is  chiefly  indebted  for  its  large  school 
fund.  In  1801  Mr.  Jefferson  apjiointcd  him  post- 
master-general in  the  place  of  J.  Habersham,  in 
which  office  he  continued  till  1814,  when,  being 
displaced  and  succeeded  by  Meigs,  he  removed  to 
Canandaigua,  N.  Y.  As  a  member  of  the  senate 
of  New  York  in  1819,  he  promoted  internal  im- 
provements. He  gave  one  thousand  acres  of  land 
for  the  benefit  of  the  canal.  His  wife  was  the 
sister  of  Mr.  I'easc,  assistant  j)Ostmaster-gen- 
eral.  He  was  tall,  dignified,  and  commanding, 
yet  affable ;  a  man  of  integrity  and  disthiguished 
talents.  His  political  writings  were  under  the 
signature  of  Senectus,  on  the  school  fund,  and  of 
Algernon  Sidney  in  1809,  and  Epaminondas  in 
1820,  in  favor  of  the  administrations  of  Jefl'erson 
and  of  Ctov.  Clinton. 

GRANGER,  Daniki,  T.,  died  at  Eastjiort,  Me., 
Dec.  27,  1854,  aged  about  48.  He  graduated  at 
Bowdohi  in  1820,  and  was  a  lawyer  of  eminence 
and  integrity. 

GRANT,  Anna,  a  widow,  died  at  Rowley  in 
1801,  aged  105. 

GRANT,  Mrs.,  a  colored  woman,  died  at  Pitts- 
field  in  1845,  aged  more  than  100 ;  and  another 


394 


GRANT. 


liUKi 


'!j« 


colored  woman,  Dinah,  wife  of  Thomas  Brown, 
died  at  V.  in  the  same  year,  ngcd  02. 

GHAXT,  AsAiiKL,  Si.  ]).,  missionary,  died  at 
Mosul  of  tyj)liu8  fever  April  '21,  1811,  aged  lid. 
He  was  born  in  Marshall,  X.  Y.,  and  embarked 
May,  ISSo.  His  wife,  Judith  ('am])hell  of  Cherry 
Valley,  died  at  Ooroomiah  in  lHo!».  A  memoir 
of  him  by  A.  ('.  Lathro])  was  i)ul)lished  1810,  and 
one  by  Mr.  Laurie  in  lHj3.  A  memoir  of  his 
wife  was  jniblished  with  that  of  Mrs.  E.  ])wight. 

GllASSE,  FiiAXCOis  Jusicni  I'.ML,  count  de, 
commander  of  tlie  French  fleet  in  the  American 
service  in  the  llevolutionary  war,  died  in  France 
Jan.  15,  1788,  aged  Go.  llis  family  were  exiles 
in  the  Jk'vojution  of  France.  His  son  in  1795 
commanded  a  man-of-war  in  the  Ilritish  service. 

GKATIOT,  CiiAiiLKS,  general,  died  in  May, 
1855,  formerly  chief  of  the  engineer  corps. 

GRAUrXEIl,  GoTTLiKB,  ])rofessor  of  music, 
died  in  Boston  April  15,  183G,  aged  70. 

GRAVES,  Thomas,  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Massachusetts,  died  in  17'17,  aged  about 
65.     He  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1703. 

GRAVES,  Allex,  missionary  at  Bombay,  died 
Dec.  30,  1843,  aged  51.  Born  at  Rupert,  Vt.,  he 
graduated  at  Middlebury  in  1812,  atAndover  sem- 
inary in  181G,and  embarked  for  Bombay  in  1817. 
He  visited  the  United  States  in  1832.  His  wife 
was  Mary  Lee  of  Rujiert. 

GRAY,  Ellis,  minister  in  Boston,  died  Jan.  7, 
1753,  aged  30.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1734,  and  was  ordained  in  1738.  As  a  preacher 
he  was  earnest  and  iiathetic.  He  published  a 
sermon  at  the  ordination  of  T.  Maccarty,  1742. 
—  Mather's  Fun.  Sermon. 

GRAY,  James,  colonel,  died  in  Stockbridge, 
Mass.,  in  1782.  He  was  commissary-general 
for  the  northern  dejjartment  during  the  war  j  but 
ill  health  compelled  liim  to  resign.  His  daugliter, 
Mrs.  Hunt,  died  in  1788,  and  his  daughter,  Mrs. 
Bidwell,  died  in  1808.  Mrs.  Gray  died  in  1809. 
She  was  an  eminent  Christian,  a  member  of  Dr. 
West's  church  forty  years. 

GRAY,  WiLLiAJi,  lieutenant-governor  of  Mas- 
sachusetts, an  eminent  merchant,  died  Nov.  4, 
1825,  aged  74.  He  was  born  in  Lynn,  of  hum- 
ble parentage,  about  1751.  He  was  early  an  a])- 
prentice  to  Samuel  Gardner,  and  then  to  Itichard 
Derby,  merchants  of  Salem.  Entering  upon 
commercial  pursuits  at  a  ■  favorable  period,  he 
conducted  his  business  with  sound  judgment  and 
umvearied  industry.  Though  he  acquired  a  very 
large  fortune,  his  simple  habits  remained  unal- 
tered. In  the  period  of  the  embargo  in  1808, 
he  abandoned  the  jjarty  to  which  he  had  been 
attached,  and  esj)ouscd  the  side  of  the  govern- 
ment, and  it  is  said  that  thr  political  excitement, 
awakened  against  him,  induced  him  to  remove  to 
Boston.  Li  1810  he  was  elected  lieutenant-gov- 
ernor, Mr.  Gerry  being  cliosen  governor.    Mrs. 


GRAYSON. 

Gray  died  in  1823.  His  sons  were  William  R, 
and  Henry. 

GRAY,  Harrison,  died  at  Boston  in  .\ug., 
1840,  aged  54.  He  wiis  a  bookseller,  formerly 
of  the  firm  of  Hilliard,  '^iray  &  Co.  He  was 
zealous  in  the  temperance  ( ;iuse,  and  a  member 
of  various  charitable  societies. 

GRAY,  Thomas,  D.  1).,  died  at  Jamaica  I'lain, 
near  Boston,  June  1, 1847,  aged  75.  A  graduate 
of  1 790,  he  was  long  the  minister  of  a  ])arish  in 
Roxbury.  He  jiublished  a  sermon  before  the 
humane  society ;  on  abolition  of  slave  trade, 
1818)  artillery  election  sermon,  1819;  on  o))in- 
ions  of  the  day,  1822  j  the  death  of  Gov.  Eustis  j 
notice  of  Rev.  John  Bradford  and  sketch  of 
Roxbury  churches,  1825  j  on  industry,  fervor,  and 
religion. 

GRAY',  Joseph  B.  Montague,  M.  D.,  died  in 
South  Berwick,  Me.,  Nov.  1,  1850,  aged  38.  He 
was  i)rineipal  of  Berwick  academy,  late  of  Essex, 
England,  an  accomplished  scholar  and  successful 
teacher.  He  contributed  to  the  reviews  learned 
writings  upon  subjects  of  classical  hterature.  He 
edited  a  Greek  classic,  now  in  use  at  Cambridge. 

GRAY,  FuEUERic  T.,  died  in  Boston  March  9, 
1855,  aged  51.  He  was  for  some  time  an  asso- 
ciate with  Dr.  Tuckerman  as  a  city  missionary  ; 
then  a  colleague  of  Mr.  Dean  and  his  successor 
for  fifteen  years.  In  ill  health,  he  went  in  1853 
to  San  Francisco  and  had  the  charge  of  the  Uni- 
tarian society. 

GR.\YDON,  Alex^VXDER,  naval  captain  in 
the  Revolutionary  war,  afl;er  the  j)eace  entered  on 
the  profession  of  the  law,  and  lived  in  Dauphin 
county,  Renn.  He  died  at  l'hiladeli)hia  May  2, 
1818,  aged  6G.  He  published  authentic  memoirs 
of  a  life  chiefly  passed  in  Pennsylvania,  etc.,  1811. 

GRAYS(-)N,  William,  a  senator  of  the  United 
States,  died  ^March  12,  1790.  He  was  a  native 
of  Virginia,  and  was  appointed  a  rcj)resentative 
to  congress  from  that  State  in  1784,  and  contin- 
ued a  number  of  years.  In  June,  1788,  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Virginia  convention,  which  was 
called  for  the  purpose  of  considering  the  jircsent 
constitution  of  the  United  States.  In  that  assem- 
bly, rendered  illustrious  by  men  of  tlie  first  tal- 
ents, he  was  very  consj)icuous.  His  genius  united 
with  the  eloquence  of  Henry  in  ojjposing  the 
adojition  of  the  constitution.  While  he  acknowl- 
edged the  evils  of  the  old  government,  he  was 
afraid  that  the  proposed  government  would 
destroy  the  liberty  of  the  States.  His  prineijial 
objections  to  it  were,  that  it  took  from  the  States 
the  sole  right  to  direct  taxation,  which  was  the 
highest  act  of  sovereignty;  that  the  limits  be- 
tween the  national  and  State  authorities  were  not 
sufficiently  defined ;  that  they  might  clash,  in 
which  case  the  general  government  would  prevail; 
that  there  was  no  j)rovision  against  raising  such 
a  navy  as  was  more  than  sufficient  to  protect 


GREELEY. 


GREEN. 


395 


William  R. 


our  trade,  and  thus  would  excite  the  jcnlousy  of 
European  powers  and  lead  to  war ;  and  that 
there  were  no  adequate  cheeks  npiainst  the  abuse 
of  ])Owcr,  esjiecially  by  the  ])residcnt,  wlio  was 
responsible  only  to  his  counsellors  and  partners 
in  crime,  the  members  of  the  senate.  After  the 
constitution  was  adopted,  Colonel  Grayson  was 
a])i)ointed  one  of  the  senators  from  Virj^inia  in 
17H9.  His  colleague  was  Richard  Henry  I.ee. 
His  great  abilities  were  united  with  unimpeached 
integrity.  —  Gazette  of  United  States,  I.  S'Jo; 
Debutes  in  Virginia  Convention. 

GREELEY,  Zacciikus,  died  in  Londonderry, 
N.  H.,  Juno  16,  184G,  aged  93.  His  widow, 
Mary  'Woodbnrn,  died  in  "VVayne,  Erie  county, 
Penn.,  July  27,  IHoo,  aged  68,  a  woman  amiable, 
and  of  a  strong  mind.  These  were  the  parents  of 
Horace  Greeley  of  New  York. 

GREEN,  Samuel,  a  printer,  the  son  of  Bar- 
tholomew Green  of  Cambridge,  was  fifteen  years 
old  when  he  arrived  in  1630.  He  succeeded  to 
the  business  of  Daye  in  printing  at  Cambridge 
about  1649,  and  died  Jan.  1,  1702,  aged  86.  He 
was  a  jiious  and  benevolent  man.  He  had  nine- 
teen children.  His  descendants  were  a  race  of 
printers;  living  in  Boston,  New  London,  Nor- 
wich, Hartford,  New  Haven,  and  also  in  Vermont 
and  Maryland.  He  printed  the  laws  in  1060; 
and  also,  at  the  exj)ense  of  about  1200  poimds, 
paid  by  the  commissioner.',  in  New  England,  the 
following  in  the  Indian  language;  the  psalter, 
Eliot's  catechism,  Baxter's  call,  the  New  Testa- 
ment, and  one  thousand  cojnes  of  the  Bible, 
l(iS3.  The  psalter  was  first  ])rinted  by  ])aye  in 
1039,  the  first  ])rinted  book  in  New  England :  the 
Cumbridge  I'latlbrm  was  by  Green  in  1049. 
George  Brinley  is  preparing  a  history  of  jjrinting 
in  America,  in  the  century  ending  1700.  A 
second  edition  of  the  Bible,  begun  in  1680,  was 
completed  in  1680.  Thomas  gives  a  long  list  of 
the  books  jjrinted  by  him.  —  'Thomas,  I.  23  j-204. 

GRI'^I'^N,  HiCNin-,  the  first  mhiister  of  Iteading, 
Mass.,  died  in  1048.  He  came  from  England. 
The  church  was  gathered  in  1644 ;  and  he  was 
probably  then  ordained. 

GIU'.EN,  Baiitiioi.ojikw,  a  jjrinter,  the  son 
of  iSamuel,  died  Dec.  28,  1732.  He  began  busi- 
ness in  Boston  in  1690;  and  commenced  a  weekly 
pajjer,  the  Boston  News-Letter,  April,  1704,  for 
Jolni  Campbell,  postmaster,  and  after  eighteen 
years  jjublished  it  on  his  own  account.  This  was 
the  first  newspaper  in  the  Britisii  colonies.  Like 
his  father  he  was  distinguished  for  ])iety  and  be- 
nevolence, and  was  a  deacon  of  the  old  south 
church.  His  son,  Bartholomew,  a  ])rinter  in 
Boston,  was  the  grandfather  of  Joseph  Hennie. 
—  T/iowas,h  28;},  321. 

GUM1''..\,  JosKPii,  pastor  of  Salem  village,  died 
Nov.  20,  171.J,  aged  39.  He  was  the  son  of  John 
Green,  marshal  general  of   the  colony,  and   a 


grandson  of  Perclval  Green,  who  lived  in  Cam- 
bridge from  1630  till  his  death  in  1640.  Ho 
graduated  in  10!).5,  and  was  ordained  in  1097. 
lie  healed  thedilliculties,  which  sjirung  up  under 
Mr.  I'arris.  'J'he  church  record  declares  liim 
"The  choicest  flower  and  goodliest  tree  in  the 
garden  of  our  God."  His  wife  was  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Rev.  Joseph  Gerrish ;  he  was  the 
father  of  Jose])h  Green,  a  merchant  of  Boston, 
who  died  in  176o.  J.  Barnard  placed  him 
among  "  worthy  and  learned  divines."  A  sermon 
on  his  death  by  T.  Blowers,  and  a  poem  by 
N.  Noyes,  were  j>ublished. 

GRl'^EN,  Timothy,  a  printer,  the  son  of  Sam- 
tiel,  and  grandson  of  Samuel  G.  of  Cambridge, 
after  conducting  a  press  thirteen  years  in  Boston, 
removed  to  New  London  in  1714,  by  encourage- 
ment of  the  goverimient  of  Conn.,  having  a 
salary  of  00  jiounds  a  year.  He  was  pious  and 
benevolent,  cheerful  and  fiicetious.  Of  the  church 
at  New  London  he  was  a  deacon.  He  died  May 
5,  1707,  aged  78.  Three  of  his  sons  were  print- 
ers. 

GREEN,  JosKPii,  a  ])oet,  was  born  in  Boston 
in  1700;  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1726; 
and  afterwards  devoted  himself  to  commercial 
pursuits.  He  had  a  vein  of  humor  and  satire, 
which  he  freely  indulged,  associated  with  a  club 
of  wits,  not  sparing  the  measures  of  the  govern- 
ment ;  but  at  the  beginning  of  the  Revolution  he 
went  to  England,  and  died  in  1780, aged  74.  He 
wrote  a  burlesque  on  a  psalm  of  Mather  Byles ; 
he  ridiculed  the  freemasons  in  the  entertainment 
for  a  winter's  evening  in  1750;  he  wrote  also  the 
land  bank ;  account  of  the  celebration  of  St. 
John ;  and  lamentation  on  Mr.  Old  Tenor.  — 
Sper.  Amer.  Poet.  I.  133-139. 

GREEN,  John,  an  excellent  portrait  painter 
of  l'hiladeli)hia,  was  the  friend  of  Godfrey  the 
l)oet  who  died  in  1703,  and  wrote  an  elegy  to  his 
memory,  which  is  prefixed  to  his  jioems. 

GREEN,  JoxAS,  died  at  Aimai)olis,  Maryland, 
April  10, 1707.  He  had  published  the  Maryland 
Gazette  nearly  thirty  years. 

GREEN,  Josi:pn,  minister  of  the  east  parish 
of  Barnstable,  died  Oct.  4,  1770,  aged  79.  He 
was  born  in  Boston ;  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1720;  and  was  ordained  !>Liy  12,  1725.  Ho 
published  a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of  his  son 
Jose])h,  at  ^Lirshfield,  1753. 

GREEN,  Jacoh,  minister  of  ILinover,  N.  J., 
died  in  May,  1790,  aged  08.  He  was  a  native  of 
Massachusetts,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1744. 
He  accompanied  Mr.  AVhitefield  to  N.  J.  in 
1745,  and  studied  theology  with  Jonathan  Hick- 
inson  and  Mr.  Burr.  His  wife  was  the  daughter 
of  ]lev.  John  I'ierson,  of  Woodbridge.  Mr. 
Green  was  one  of  the  original  trustees  of  the  col- 
lege, of  which  his  son,  Ashbel  Green,  was  piler- 
wards  the  president. 


396 


OREEX. 


IJ; 


i 


GREEN,  Roland,  minister  of  MnrKlificld, 
MiiSN.,  (lied  July  J,  IHOH,  af;fd  7(),  in  tliu  Ibrty- 
Bcventli  year  of  iiis  ministry,  lie  f^radnatcd  at 
Harvard  in  17.JH,  and  wiis  ordained  at  Norton  in 
1701,  as  successor  of  Jlhcnezer  White,  deceased. 

GUl'.EX,  I''l!AN('Is,  a  merchant  in  lioston,  son 
of  Ilenjamin  (i.,  of  Halifax,  and  {grandson  of 
Rev.  Josej)!!  G.,was  f;raduiited  at  Harvard  colle<,'e 
in  17(i().  At  the  l)ef,'innin;,'  ot  tlie  Revolution  he 
repaired  to  l'",nf,'land.  On  his  return  in  17!)!),  he 
resided  ut  Medford,  where  he  died  .Xjjril  21,  ISO!), 
oged  07.  llavinj,'  two  children  who  were  deaf 
and  dunili,  lie  jjlaeed  them  at  l'/linl)urf,'h  imdcr 
the  skilful  care  of  the  IJraid woods,  lie  jjublished 
n  dissertation  on  the  art  of  impartinff  s])eech  to 
the  deaf  and  dinnh,  London,  178.'J.  After  his  re- 
turn lie  wrote  essays  on  the  same  subject  in  the 
ne\vs))a])ers,  and  translated  the  letters  of  the 
AMh'!  L'l^iiee. 

GRl'.EN,  John,  a  ])hysician,  died  at  Worcester 
Nov.  2i),  1790,  af;ed  03."  lie  was  the  son  of  Dr. 
Thomas  G.,  who  was  a  native  of  Maiden,  Mass., 
and  one  of  the  iiisl  settlers  of  Leicester,  ha\inf^ 
his  first  lodf^inji;  in  the  cave  of  a  rock.  Horn  in 
1730,  he  studied  witli  his  self-taufi;ht  father;  set- 
tled at  AA'orcester  ;  and  was  extensively  em])loyed. 
His  wife  was  the  daughter  of  Brigadier  Rugglcs 
of  Ilardwick  j  he  had  many  children.  His  son, 
John,  a  jihysician,  more  distinguished  than  him- 
self, was  born  in  1763,  and  died  at  Worcester  Aug. 
11,  1808,  aged  45.  Never  hi  his  practice  was  he 
known  to  accejjt  the  jjrofter  of  strong  drink  for 
his  refreshment.  —  Thachcr. 

GREEN,  Jamics,  major-general,  died  at  Long 
Branch,  N.  J.,  Sept.,  1811.  He  was  an  officer  in 
the  Revolutionary  war. 

GREEN,  Lkmuel,  died  in  Philadelpliia  in 
1831,  aged  79,  a  Methodist  minister. 

GREEN,  Samuel,  a  minister  in  Boston,  died  in 
Nov.,  1834,  aged  41.  He  was  born  in  Stoneham, 
and  was  a  graduate  of  Harvard  in  1816.  Me- 
moirs of  liim  by  11.  H.  Storrs  were  ])ublished  in 
1836.  He  published  a  tract,  called  More  than  a 
hundred  arguments  for  the  Divinity  of  Christ. 

GREEN,  Joshua,  judge,  died  in  Wendell  in 
1847.  A  native  of  Boston,  he  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1784  ;  liis  father,  Joshua,  was  a  graduate 
of  1749.  For  more  tlian  fifty  years  he  was  a 
most  useful  and  respected  citizen.  He  was  the 
father  of  Dr.  Joshua  Green,  of  Groton. 

GREEN,  Jacob,  M.  D.,  died  Feb.  1,  1841,  at 
Philadelj)hia ;  i)rofessor  of  chemistry  in  Jeflerson 
college,  the  author  of  a  monogram  of  the  trilo- 
bites. 

GREEN,  AsiiBEL,  D.  D.,  died  in  Philadelphia 
May  19,  1848,  aged  nearly  86.  He  w-as  the  son 
of  Jacob  Green,  who  was  forty  years  the  minister 
of  Hanover,  N.  J.,  and  wlio  was  a  native  of  his 
ancestral  town  of  Maiden.  He  graduated  at 
Nassua  Hall  at  the  age  of  twenty-one ;  the  con 


GREENE. 

'  grcss  then  sitting  at  Princeton,  "Washington  at- 
tended  at  commencement.     He   was   then  four 
years  a  tutor  and  ])rofessor.   Next  settled  as  a  col- 
league with  Dr.  Sprout,  at  I'hiladelphia,  he  was 
a  very  accejitable  ])reacher  for  twenty-five  years, 
till  in  1812  he  was  chosen  jiresident  of  Princeton 
]  college,  from  which  he  withdrew  in   1823,  when 
past  sixty.     In  Pliiladeljiliia  he  now  lived  again 
:  and  preached  to  the  j)oor,  and  edited  the  monthly 
'  Christian  Advocate.    He  died  in  great  peace.    He 
I  was  regarded  as  a  man  of  an  indomital)le  will,  of 
I  self-control,  and  skilful  in  business.     He  was  the 
I  father  of  Princeton  semuiary.     His  autobiography 
j  was  ])ublished  in  a  large  volume  in  1840,  eom- 
I  meiiced  when  eighty-one  years  old,  and  finished 
1  bv  Drs.  Jones,  Plumer,  and  Murray. 

'  GREEN,  Dr.  i;zuA,died  in  Dover,  N.  IL,  July 
2.3,  1847,  aged  101  years  and  about  a  month. 
Born  in  Maiden,  Mass.,  he  graduated  in  170*5 ;  at 
his  death  he  was  the  oldest  graduate  of  Harvard. 
Ill  177*5  he  joined  the  army,  and  was  a  surgeon  in 
the  Ranger,  commanded  by  Paul  Jones,  continu- 
ing in  the  navy  till  1781.  He  was  after\vards  a 
merchant  in  Dover,  and  a  member  of  the  conven- 
tion for  adopting  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States.  After  passing  tlie  age  of  eighty  he  assisted 
in  forming  a  Unitarian  society.  At  his  death  he 
was  in  the  full  possession  of  his  faculties. 

GREEN,  Aaron,  minister  of  Maiden,  died  at 
Andover  Dec.  23,  1853,  aged  89.  A  graduate  of 
1789,  he  was  ordained  Sept.  30,  1795,  and  re- 
signed liis  office  in  1827,  and  soon  removed  to 
Andover.  He  sur\ived  all  his  class.  He  pub- 
lished a  discourse  on  the  death  of  Washington, 
1800. 

GREENE,  CnRiSTOPmoR,  lieutenant-colonel, 
a  Revolutionary  officer,  died  in  1781,  aged  44. 
He  was  born  in  Warwick,  R.  I.,  in  1737.  In 
1775  he  was  a  major  under  his  relative.  Gen.  N. 
Greene.  He  accompanied  Arnold  through  the 
wilderness.  At  the  seige  of  Quebec,  being  in  the 
command  of  a  company,  he  was  taken  prisoner. 
After  being  exchanged,  AVashington  intrusted 
him  with  the  command  of  fort  Mercer  on  the 
Delaware,  commonly  called  Red  Bank,  where  he 
was  '.ttacked  by  Col.  Donop  and  liis  Hessians, 
whom  he  repulsed.  Donop  was  slain.  For  this 
service  congress  voted  him  a  sword,  wliich  was 
presented  to  his  eldest  son  in  1786.  In  1778  he 
was  with  the  ai-my  under  Sullivan.  In  the  spring 
of  1781,  having  been  posted  on  Croton  river,  he 
was  surprised  liy  a  corps  of  refugees  and  barbar- 
ously murdered. 

GREENE,  Caleb,  chief  justice  of  R.  I.,  died 
at  Coventry  in  Jan.,  1794,  at  an  advanced  age. 

GREENE,  NatiIvVNIEl,  a  major-general  of  the 
army  of  the  United  States,  died  June  19,  1786, 
aged  46.  He  was  born  in  Warwick,  R.  I.,  about 
the  year  1740.  His  parents  were  Quakers.  His 
father  was  on  anchorsmith,  who  was  concerned  in 


.S>^ 


GUEEXE, 


GREENE. 


397 


some  valuaWo  iron  works,  and  transacfcd  mucli ! 
business.     While  lie  was  a  lioy,  lie  learned  the 
I,alin  lan;;iia;^e  chielly  liy  liis  own  unassisted  in- 
dustry,     llavinj;  pnicined   a  small  lil)rary,  his 
mind  was  much  inijjruved,  though  the  ])erusal  of 
military  iiistory  oceujjiod  a  consideralile  share  of 
his  attention.     Such  was  the  estimation  in  which 
his  character  was  held,  that  he  was  at  an  early 
jjcriotl  of  his  lil'e  chosen  a  nieniher  of  the  assem- 
bly of  ]l.   I.     After  the  battle  of  Lexiiif^ton  had 
enkindled  at  once  the  spirit  of  Americans  throuifh- 
out  the  whole  contuient,  Mr.  Greene,  thouf,'h  edu- 
cated in  the  ])eaccful  ],rincii)les  of  the  Friends, 
could  not  extinguish  the  martial  ardor  which  had 
been  excited  in  his  own  breast.     Receiving  the 
command  of  three   regiments  with  the  title   of 
brigadier-general,  he  led  thorn  to  Cambridge;  ui 
consequence  of  whicii  the  (irakers  rcnoimced  all 
connection  with  him  as  a  member  of  their  reli- 
gious body.     On  the  arrival  of  AVashington  at 
Cambridge,  he  was  the  first  who  expressed  to  the 
commander-in-chief  his   satisfaction   in    his   aj)- 
pointment,  and  he  soon  gained  his  entire  confi- 
dence,    lie   was   ajipointed  by  congress  major- 
general  in  Aug.,  1770.     In  the  battles  of  Trenton 
Dec.  2Cth,  and  of  Princeton  Jan.  3,  1777,  he  was 
much   distinguished.     lie   commanded   the   left 
wing  of  the  American  army  at  the  battle  of  (ier- 
mantcwn,  Oct.  4th.      In  March,  1778,   he  was 
appointed  quartermaster-general,  which  office  he 
accepted,  on  condition  that  his  rank  in  the  arm)' 
should  not  be  allected,  and  that  he  should  retain 
his  command  in  the  time  of  action.    This  right  he 
exercised  June  28th,  at  the  battle  of  Monmouth. 
His  courage  and  skill  were  again  disjjlayod  Aug. 
29th,  in  Rhode  Island.     lie  resigned  in  this  year 
the  office  of  quartermaster-general,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Col.   Pickering.    After  the  disasters, 
which   attended    the  American   arms   in   South 
Carolina,  he  was  appointed  to  suj)erscde  Gates, 
and  he  took  the  command  in  the  southern  depart- 
ment Dec.  3,  1780.     Having  recruited  the  army, 
which  had  been  exceedingly  reduced  by  defeat 
and  desertion,  he  sent  out  a  detachment  under 
the  brave  Gen.  ^Morgan,  who  gained  the  impor- 
tant victory  at  the  Cowpens  Jan.  17, 1781.  Greene 
effected  a  junction  with  him  Feb.  7,  but  on  ac- 
count of  the  superior  numbers  of  Cornwallis,  he 
retreated  with  great  skdl  to  Virginia.     Having 
received  an  accession  to  his  forces,  he  returned  to 
North  Carolina,  and  in  the  battle   of  Guilford, 
March  15th,  was  defeated.     The  victory,  however, 
was  dearly  bought  by  the  British,  for  their  loss 
was  greater  than  that  of  the  Americans,  and  no 
advantages  wore  derived  from  it.      In  a  few  days 
Cornwallis  began  to  march  toward  Wilmington, 
leaving  many  of  liis  woimdcd  behind  him,  which 
had  the  ajjjiearance  of  a  retreat,  and  Greene  fol- 
lowed him  for  some  time.    Piut,  altering  his  plan, 
he  resolved  to  recommence  offensive  operations  in 


South  Carolina.   He  accordingly  marched  directly 
to  Camden,  where,  Ajiril  'J.'dh,  he  was  engaged 
with  Lord  Rawdon.     Victory  inclined  for  some 
time   to  the  -Vmcricans  ;  ijut   the  retreat  of  two 
companies   occasioned   the  defeat   of  the  whole 
army.     Greene  retreated  in  good  order,  and  took 
such    measures   as   effectually    jirevenled    Lord 
Rawdon  from  im])roving  his  success,  and  obliged 
him,  in  the  beginning  of  May,  to  retire  beyond  the 
Santee.  While  he  was  in  the  neighborhood  of  San- 
tee,  Greene  hung  in  one  day  eight  soldiers,  who 
had  deserted  I'roni  his  army.     For  three  months 
afterwards  there  was  no  instance  of  desertion.     A 
number  of  forts  and  garrisons  in  South  Carolina 
now  fell  into  his  hands.   He  commenced  the  siege 
of  Xinety-six  May  2'.',  l>uf  he  was  oi)liged,  on  the 
a])])roach  of  Lord  Rawdon  in  June,  to  raise  the 
siege.     The  army,  which   had   been  highly   en- 
couraged by  the  kite  success,  was  now  reduced  to 
the  melancholy  necessity  of  retreating  to  the  ex- 
tremity of  the  State.     The  American  commander 
was  advised  to  retire  to  Virginia  ;  but  to  sugges- 
tions of  tl'is  kind,  he  rojuied  :  "  I  will  recover 
South  Carolina,  or  die  in  the  attemjU."    AVaiting 
till  the  liritish  forces  were  divided,  he  faced  ai)out, 
and  Lord  Rawdon  was  jiursued  in  his  turn,  and 
was  offered  battle  after  he  reached  his  encamp- 
ment at  Orangeburgh,  but  he  declhied  it.     Sept. 
8th,  Cireenc  covered  himself  with  glory  by  the 
victory  at  the  Eutaw  Springs,  in  which,  the  Bri- 
tish, who  fought  with  the  utmost  bravery,  lost 
one  thousand  and  one    hundred  men,  and  the 
Americans  about  half  that  number.     For  his  good 
conduct  in   this  action,  congress  presented  him 
with  a  liritish  standard  and  a  golden  medal.  This 
engagement  may  be  considered   as  closing   the 
lie  volution  ary  war  in  South  Carolina.     During  the 
remainder  of  his  command  he  had  to  struggle 
with  the  greatest  difficulties  from  the  want  of  sup- 
plies for  his  troops.     Strong  symptoms  of  mutiny 
apjieared,  but  his  firmness  and  decision  completely 
quelled  it. 

After  the  conclusion  of  the  war  he  returned  to 
Rhode  Island,  where  the  greatest  dissensions  pre- 
vailed, and  his  endeavors  to  restore  harmony  were 
attended  with  success.  In  Oct.,  1783,  he  sailed 
to  Georgia,  where  he  had  a  considei'able  estate  not 
far  distant  from  Savannah.  Here  he  passed  his 
time'  as  a  jirivate  citizen,  occupied  by  domestic 
concerns.  While  walking  without  an  umbrella, 
the  intense  rays  of  the  sun  overjjowered  him, 
and  occasioned  an  hiflammation  of  the  braui,  of 
which  he  died.  Congress  ordered  a  monument 
to  be  erected  to  his  memory  at  the  seat  of  the 
federal  government.  His  widow  married  Phincas 
Miller,  the  co-partner  of  Eli  Whitney,  inventor 
of  the  cotton  gin.  His  youngest  daughter,  Mrs. 
Louisa  C.  Shaw,  died  at  Cumberland  Island  in 
April,  1831.  His  eldest  surviving  brother,  Wil- 
liam, died  at  East  Greenwich  in  Oct.,  182G,  aged 


398 


GREENE. 


83.  —  lie  possessed  a  liumnnc  and  benevolent  dis- 
])onition,  niid,  abliorriiif;  the  enielties  and  ex- 
cesses of  wliirli  ijnrlisans  on  I)()tli  sides  were 
guillVi  uniformly  inenltated  a  s])irit  of  moderation. 
Yet  lie  was  resoluteiy  severe,  when  the  preserva- 
tion of  diseipline  rendered  severity  necessary.  In 
the  cami)ai;5n  of  17S1  lie  dis|)layed  the  ])rudence, 
the  military  skill,  the  unshaken  firmness,  and  tlie 
dariii},'  eoura-je  wliich  are  seldom  combined,  and 
which  ])lace  him  in  the  first  rank  of  American  offi- 
cers. His  ju(lf,'ment  was  correct,  and  his  self- 
possessi(m  never  once  forsook  him.  In  one  of 
his  letters  he  says,  that  he  was  seven  months  in 
tin?  field  without  takiiij,'  oil' his  clothes  for  a  single 
night.  It  is  thought  that  he  was  the  most  en- 
deared to  the  eommander-in-chief  of  all  his  asso- 
ciates in  arms.  "Washington  often  lamented  his 
death  with  the  keenest  sorrow.  Sketciies  of  his 
life  were  ])tiblislied  l)y  Mr.  Johnson,  also  by  Dr. 
C.  Caldwell. — Jlil/liiiit.ic's  Orat.  on  his  death; 
American  Mus.  n.  III.  VII.;  Mass.  Mag.  iv.  010, 
C71  ;  (Jonlan  ;  Marshall;  Jianmay's  S.  V.  II.; 
Jhilmes;   S/nliiian,  II.  .'J70;    ir«n('/(,  III.  oO-o!). 

GllEKNi:,  AVii.i.u.M,  governor  of  11.  1.,  died 
at  Warwick  in  Dee.,  IKO'J. 

GIIEKNE,  Giiiirix,  died  at  Marietta  June, 
1804,  aged  oo,  one  of  the  ablest  of  the  Ohio 
company's  settlers.  lie  was  born  in  Warwick, 
11.  I.,  niid  was  a  cousin  of  Gen.  N.  Greene,  with 
whom  he  worked  at  the  same  forge  in  the  manu- 
facture of  anchors.  In  1794  be  led  the  ex])edi- 
tiou  to  discover  the  Salt  sjirings  near  the  Sci-.to. 
He  was  postmaster  at  M.  —  Jlildrcth's  liioy. 
Memoirs. 

GKEEXE,  Pi;Ti;R,Dr.,died  at  Concord,  N.  II., 
April,  1828,  aged  83. 

GltEENE,  G.uuiiNKR,  president  of  the  Branch 
Bank  of  the  United  States,  died  In  Uoston  Dee. 
19,  1832,  aged  79.  He  was  a  man  of  great 
wealth. 

GllEEXE,  Asa,  M.  D.,  a  bookseller  in  New 
York,  died  in  1839,  aged  49.  lie  graduated  at 
Williams  college  in  1813,  and  went  to  New  York 
about  1830.  He  published  various  humorous 
pieces,  as  the  life  of  Dr.  Duckworth ;  the  perils  of 
Pearl  street ;  a  glance  at  New  York,  1837.  — 
Cycl.  of  Lit. 

GREENE,  Thomas,  Dr.,  of  Providence,  died 
at  Hartford  in  1840,  aged  70. 

GREENE,  AiJ'iiELS  S.,  Dr.,  died  in  Utica 
Jan.  25,  1851,  aged  04.  He  had  held  many 
offices  of  trust. 

GREENHOW,  Robekt,  M.  D.,  died  in  Cali- 
fornia in  1854,  aged  54.  He  was  born  in  llich- 
moiul,  Va.  His  iiither  was  Robert,  mayor  of  the 
city ;  his  mother  perished  in  the  burning  of  the 
theatre,  lie  studied  jihysic  in  New  York  ;  in 
1828  he  was  apj)ointed  translator  in  the  depart- 
ment of  State  at  Washington ;  in  1850  he  went 
to  California.    lie  died  in  consequeucc  of  falling 


GKEENOUOII. 

in  the  night  into  a  \ni  in  the  streets  of  Cnlifornin. 
He  published  a  history  of  Oregon  and  California. 
—  r,/,/.  i,f  Lit. 

GitEENI.EAF,  Sti:i'Iii.n,  sheriff  of  Siiflolk, 
died  Jan.  20,  17!)7,  aged  92.  'I'lie  son  of  Rev. 
Daniel  of  Yarmouth,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1723. 

(iREENLEAF,  Daxiki,,  minister  of  North 
Yarmouth,  Me.,  died  in  lioston  in  1703,  aged  88. 
He  graduated  at  Harvard  in  l(i!)9. 

GRI'.ENLl'.Ar,  M(im;s,  died  ut  Williamsburg, 
Me.,  March  2((,  1834,  nged  55.  He  was  the  son 
of  Moses,  of  Newburyport,  who  removed  to  New 
Gloucester,  where  he  died,  leaving  other  sons, 
Simon  and  Jonathan.  He  ])ublisbed  statistical 
view  of  Maine,  1810  ;  a  survey  of  Maine,  1829. 

GREI'",NLI"..\r,  Simon,  LL.  D.,  an  eminent 
lawyer,  died  at  Cambridge  Oct.  0,  1H53,  aged  (i9. 
He  was  born  in  Newburyimrt  Dec.  5,  1783,  and 
practised  law  in  Maine.  In  1854  he  succeeded 
Mr.  Ashmun  as  Royall  ]irofessor  of  law  in  Har- 
vard, :ind  removed  to  Cambridge.  On  the  death 
of  Jiulge  Story  he  took  the  chair  of  the  Dane 
])rofessorsliij),  which  he  resigned  in  1S48.  Never 
educated  at  a  college,  he  was  yet  worthy  of  the 
honors  he  received  from  Harvard.  A  C'hristian 
of  the  Episcojial  church,  he  was  distinguished  for 
his  virtues.  For  years  he  was  ]n'e^:ident  of  the 
Massachusetts  bible  society.  Tlie  fugitive  slave 
law  he  abhorred,  notwithstanding  the  ojiiiiion  of 
his  friend,  Jlr.  Webster.  He  jiublished  reports 
in  9  vols.  J  a  volume  of  over-ruled  eases ;  on  evi- 
dence, 3  vols.,  1842-1853;  Cruise's  digest  of  real 
law,  with  annotations,  1840;  an  examination  of 
the  testimony  of  the  four  evangelists  by  the  rules 
of  evidence,  with  the  trial  of  Jesus  :  republished 
in  England. 

GREENOUGII,  Thomas,  the  last  of  the  tribe 
of  Nobscussctt  Indians,  died  in  the  alms-house  at 
Yarmouth,  Jan.,  1837,  aged  90. 

GREENOUGII,  William,  minister  of  Newton, 
Mass.,  died  Nov.  10,  1831,  aged  75.  The  son  of 
Deacon  Thomas  G.  of  Boston,  he  was  born  June 
29,  1750;  his  mother  was  Sarah  Stoddard,  the 
daughter  of  David,  the  son  of  Simon,  who  was  the 
brother  of  Rev.  Solomon  Stoddard.  He  graduated 
at  Yale  in  1774;  and  was  ordained  in  1781.  He 
was  a  faithful  and  useful  minister.  Of  his  chil- 
dren by  his  wife  Abigail,  the  daughter  of  Rev.  S. 
Badger,  were  Sarah,  married  to  Josiah  Fuller; 
and  Abigail,  married  to  Robert  II.  Thayer;  and 
William,  the  father  of  William  W.  Greenough. 
He  published  charges  at  the  installation  of  Mr. 
Fay  and  Dr.  Griffin ;  also,  a  sermon  before  the 
society  for  foreign  missions,  1814. 

GREENOUGH,  Horatio,  a  sculptor,  died  in 
Somerville,  Mass.,  in  Dec,  1852,  aged  47.  Born 
in  Boston  Sept.  0,  1805,  he  graduated  in  1825  j 
and  proceeded  soon  to  Italy,  where  he  sjient  most 
of  his  remaining  life.    He  principally  lived  in 


OREEXSMITH. 


GUEW. 


89» 


Florence.  lie  was  a  very  cminpiit  sculptor, 
and  a  kindly,  generous  man.  His  l)rolher, 
John,  a  jjaiuter,  died  in  I'liris  Nov.  Ki,  IH.jJ 
iij;cd  51  ;  he  was  a  (graduate  of  IS'.'l.  On 
lieariufi;  of  his  death,  the  .\niencaii  artists  at 
Home  held  a  meetin}?,  which  was  addressed  l)y 
Thomas  Crawford  and  M'illiiim  W.  Story  ;  and 
where  amon};  other  resolutions,  it  was  resolved  in 
reipect  to  liim  :  "  He  is  fairly  enliiled  to  he  con- 
sidered as  the  i)ionecr  of  American  sculi)lure. 
His  works  are  marked  hy  jun-ity  of  conception, 
correctness  of  taste,  graceful  desi^'U,  and  rare  deli- 
cacy of  sentiment.  He  also  won  the  friendship 
and  regard  of  all  who  knew  him."  Among  his 
early  ])roductions  are  the  Medora,  the  Chanting 
Cherul)s,  the  Angel  .\l)diel.  His  last  great  work, , 
at  Washington,  is  a  group  symholizing  the  triumph 
of  civilization,  received  from  Florence  since  his 
death.  His  writings  are  contahicd  in  a  memorial 
puhlished  in  lSj3. 

GltKKNSMITH,  Mrs.,  a  witch,  was  executed 
as  a  witch  at  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  10 J2.  I'etcrs 
says,  she  was  "  the  first  witch." 

GllKENLP,  Ciini.sToi>iii;ii,  governor  of  Ken- 
tucky, died  at  Frankfort  in  May,  1818.  He  suc- 
ceeded Garrand  from  1804  to  1808,  when  he  was 
succeeded  hy  Charles  Scott.  He  was  a  hrave 
patriot  of  the  devolution,  and  i)artici])ated  in  the 
perils  of  war.  Ho  was  for  years  a  faithful  and 
ahle  member  of  the  state  and  national  legislature. 
In  tlie  ])ul)lic  estimation  he  was  the  most  useful 
man  in  Kentucky. 

GllEI'iXWC )( )I ),  Thomas,  minister  of  Seekonk, 
Mass.,  died  hi  1720,  aged  50.  He  was  born  at 
Plymouth,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  in  IGOO. 
He  was  succeeded  by  John  Greenwood,  who  died 
in  17G(),  aged  aliout  70.  Ho  was  born  at  See- 
konk, and  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1717. 

GUEEXWOOl),  l.sA.\c,  first  professor  of  math- 
ematics at  Harvard  college,  was  graduated  in 
1721  i  was  elected  jjrofessor  in  1728,  and  atlcr 
ten  years  was  dismissed.  He  afterwards  went  to 
Carolina,  where  he  died  in  1745.  He  j)ublishcd 
an  arithmetic,  1729;  and  a  philosophical  discourse 
on  mutability,  etc.,  occasioned  by  the  death  of 
Mr.  Hollis,  the  founder  of  the  professorshij),  in 
1731. 

GllEENWOOD,  John,  minister  of  Ilelioboth, 
died  in  1701),  aged  about  09.  lie  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1717. 

GUEEXWOOl),  Mauy  Laxgdon,  died  in  Ros- 
ton  in  July,  1855,  aged  80,  the  mother  of  Ucv. 
F.  W.  V.  Greenwood.  Her  mind  received  the 
finest  culture,  and  she  had  great  excellencies  of 
character.  She  early  wrote  a  dialogue  on  female 
education,  published  in  Bingham's  American  Pre- 
ceptor, 

GllEENWOOD,  Fraxlis  W.  P.,  I).  1).,  min- 
ister  of  King's  chapel,  Boston,  died  Aug.  2, 1843, 
aged  about  50.    He  graduated  at  Harvard  in 


1814,  and  was  first  settled  in  Baltimore,  lie 
lived  in  Boston  from  1N'.>3,  about  twenty  years. 
He  was  an  accomplished  schoiar  and  naturalist. 
He  published  sermons  at  the  ordination  of  W.  P. 
l.uiit,  1828;  of  W.  Xewell,  18;i0j  of  J.  W. 
Thompson,  lN:i2:  "  of  S.  May,  18;}4 ;  history 
of  king's  chajjcl,  ,',i ;  sermon  to  the  female 
asylum;  artillery  election  sermon,  1820;  on  the 
Lord's  supper;  on  death  of  C.  (Jore;  collection 
of  p.salms  and  hynnis;  the  theology  of  the  Cam- 
bridge divinity  school,  1830;  on  fast  day.  A 
volume  of  his  sermons  was  published.  —  Uunton 
Ailrrrli.vr,  Aug.  19,  1813. 

GKEENWOOI),  KiiiAN  A.,  died  in  Hubbards- 
ton  May  3,  1850,  aged  nearly  80.  He  was  long 
a  pr()|)rietor  of  the  Xew  J'.ngland  Museum  in 
HostoM,  and  a  painter. 

GltlXiCi,  Captain,  was  scalped  by  the  Indians 
near  fort  Slanwix,  X.  Y.,  in  the  summer  of  1777, 
and  left  for  dead.  But  his  life  was  ]iresi'rved  by 
the  atl'eclion  and  good  olllees  of  his  dog.  He 
went  out  with  a  cor))oral  to  shoot  jjigeons,  when 
some  Indians,  unseen,  fired  upon  him  and  wounded 
him,  so  that  he  fell,  and  killed  his  companion. 
.Seeing  an  Indian  aiijjroaching  him,  and  uiuible  to 
resist  him,  he  feigned  to  be  dead  ;  but  received 
several  blows  on  his  head  from  the  tomahawk  of 
the  savage,  and  was  then  scalped.  .\s  he  revived 
and  could  move  a  little,  his  dog  yeljjcd  and 
whined;  but  soon  ran  off  to  some  men,  who  were 
fishing  at  the  distance  of  a  mile,  and  whined,  and 
then  moved  iti  a  certain  direction  rejieatedly,  so 
that  they  concluded  to  follow  him,  —  and  he  led 
them  to  his  master,  whom  they  conveyed  to  the 
fort ;  and  he  survived  his  jierilous  wounds.  — 
DwiijliCn  Tr(icel.s,\ii\.  III. 

GJtEGG,  William,  colonel,  an  officer  of  the 
Uevolution,  died  Sept.  10,  1824,  aged  nearly  94. 
He  was  born  at  Londonderry,  X.  H.,  Oct.  21, 
1730,  being  the  son  of  Ca|)t.  John  G.,  and  the 
grandson  of  Cajjt.  James  G.,  one  of  the  first  set- 
tlers of  that  town.  He  was  engaged  in  the  battle 
of  Bennington  under  Stark.  After  the  war  he 
retired  to  his  farm. 

G]{EG(j,  Jakvis,  jirofossor  of  rhetoric  in  West- 
ern Beserve  college,  died  in  Hudson,  Ohio,  June 
28,1830;  agraduateof  Dartmouth  in  1828.  He 
died  suddenly  of  the  scarlet  fever;  he  had  been 
married  but  a  short  time.  For  ])iety,  scholarship, 
and  manners  he  was  highly  esteemed. 

GIIEXXELL,  Gkougi:,  died  in  Greenfield, 
Mass.,  in  1844,  aged  93,  the  oldest  inhabitant  of 
G.     He  was  the  futlier  of  (Jeorge  Grennell. 

GREW,  TiiKoi'iiii.i-s,  jn-ofessor  of  mathemat- 
ics in  the  college  of  I'hiladelphia,  died  in  1759. 
He  had  been  a  teacher  in  Kent  county,  and  in  an 
academy  at  J'hiladeljjhia.  For  his  scientific  at- 
tainments and  skill  as  a.n  instructor  he  was  dis- 
tingiushed.  Nathaniel  Evans  honored  his  memory 
by  some  poetic  lines.    He  was  supposed  to  be  a 


400 


CniDLEY. 


GRIFFIN. 


mm 


grnndHon  of  fho  Kii-jlish  lintaiiist,  who,  in  1070, 
firttt  Hiip^j;csti'(l  the  sexual  doctriiif  of  vi'({i'tal)lfH 
to  till'  royal  society  of  London. 

(ilUI)i.KY,  Ji.iii  MY,  iittorncy-pcncral  of  the 
province  of  MassachtiNeltH,  died  Se|)t.  10,  1707, 
aged  nhout  02.  He  was  fjradtialed  at  Harvard 
oollefje  in  17L'j.  He  was  editor  of  the  \Veekly 
Rehearsal,  a  newspaper,  which  commenced  in 
Boston  Sejjt.  27,  17,'1I,  and  continued  only  for 
one  year.  Ho  soon  hecamo  ])re-eminent  as  a 
lawyer,  and  was  a|)pointe(l  kiuff's  attorney.  In 
thin  capacity  he  in  1701  defended  the  writs  of  as- 
(tislance,  which  llu;  custom-hous(^  officers  had  aj)- 
jilied  for  to  the  superior  court,  and  hy  which  they 
would  he  authorized  to  enter  at  their  discretion 
8us]iected  houses.  He  was  o])i)ose(l  with  fjreat 
force  of  arf^ument  hy  his  former  jjujul,  Mr.  Otis. 
He  wa.s  colonel  of  the  first  rcfjinient  of  militia, 
and  grand  master  of  the  free-masons.  His 
(itrcnf^tli  of  understandiiifi;,  and  his  extensive 
knowledj,'e,  j)articidarly  his  intimate  acipiaintance 
with  classical  literature,  jjave  him  the  first  rank 
anion};  men  of  intellect  and  leariiinj;,  while  h's 
thoronfi;h  knowledge  of  the  canon  and  civil  law 
jdaced  him  at  the  head  of  his  jirofession.  He 
possessed  at  the  same  time  a  scnsihility  of  heart, 
which  endeared  him  to  all  who  were  connected 
with  him  in  social  and  domestic  life.  His  forti- 
tude in  his  last  moments  resulted  from  the  prnici- 
ples  of  religion.  — //(■»<.  Coll.  in.  301  j  V.  212; 
Boslon  rosi-1'wij,  Sept.  14,  1707  ;  Minot,  1. 88-00  ; 
Ooriioii,  I.  141. 

GJUDLKY,  RiciiAni),  major-general,  hrothet 
of  the  j)receding,  died  at  Stoughton  June  20, 
1700,  aged  84.  He  was  horn  in  Roston  in  1711. 
In  1740  he  was  engineer  in  the  reduction  of 
Lonishourg.  In  1705  he  again  entered  tlie  army 
Qs  cliief  engineer  and  colonel  of  infantry.  Under 
Winslow  he  was  concerned  in  the  exjiedition  to 
Crown  Point  in  17jO,  and  constructed  the  fortifi- 
cations on  Lake  George.  He  served  under  Am- 
herst in  1758,  and  was  with  Wolfe  on  the  jilains 
of  Abraham.  For  his  services  Magdalen  Island 
was  given  him,  with  half  pay.  At  the  commence- 
ment of  the  Revolution  he  was  aj)j)ointed  chief 
engineer.  He  skilfidly  laid  out  the  works  in  for- 
tification of  Rrccd's  hill,  the  day  before  the  battle 
of  June  17th,  iii  which  he  was  wounded.  His 
daughter,  J;ine,  who  married  li^lijah  Hunt,  of 
Northam])ti)n,  died  in  1818,  aged  80. 

GRIDLl'lY,  Ei.NATllAN,  a  missionary  at  Smyrna, 
was  born  in  l''armiuglon.  Conn. ;  was  graduated 
at  Yale  college  in  1820,  and  studied  theology  at 
Andovcr.  Ho  also  studied  physic.  Ho  was  or- 
dained as  a  missionary  Aug.  2o,  1825,  and  sailed 
with  Mr.  Brewer  Aug.  10,  1820.  After  his  arri- 
val at  Smyrna,  he  studied  modern  Greek  and 
Turkish.  In  June,  1827,  he  accompanied  a  friend 
to  Endurouk,  a  Greek  village,  six  miles  from  Cai- 
8aria,  in  the  interior  of  Asia  Minor.    There  he 


died  Sei)t.  27,  1827,  ngcd  .11.  Proposing  to  nii- 
ceud  .Mount  Argeus,  which  is  aliout  lliirt<'en  thou- 
sand feet  high,  coverid  with  jierpetual  snows,  ho 
with  much  fatigue,  Sept.  l.'JtIi,  a))|)r()nched  within 
three  or  fom-  hundred  feet  of  the  sinnmit,  when 
he  was  prevented  from  advancing  by  per)]en<lic- 
ular  rocks.  The  next  day  he  sulFered  fmni  the 
headache  and  soon  fell  a  victim  to  a  malignant 
fever,  occasioned,  probably,  by  his  imprudence. — 
MlsnidUftni  IIiiiilil,  .'\]>ril,  1N28. 

GRIDI.I'.Y,  Fl.lJAii,  died  at  Granby  June  10, 
IN.'M,  aged  74.  Born  in  Berlin,  a  graduate  of 
Yale  in  1788,  he  was  first  the  minister  of  Mans- 
field, then  of  Graid)y.  He  was  the  father  of  R, 
\\.  Gridlev. 

GIHDLKY,  Rai.I'IiW.,  died  ot  Ottawa,  111., 
Feb.  2,  1840,  aged  40;  a  graduate  of  Yale  in 
1814.  Before  he  removed  to  the  west  he  was  the 
minister  of  Williamstown,  and  eminently  suc- 
cessful. 

GRIFFIX,  C'Ylifs,  jiresldent  of  congress,  was 
a  native  of  England  ;  in  1778  he  was  elected  a 
delegate  to  congress  from  Virginia,  and  again  in 
1787.  Under  the  constituti  i-i  he  was  a  judge  of 
the  district  court  from  Dec,  (780,  for  twenty-one 
years.  At  his  first  court  j'oii.i  Mai  shall  was  ad- 
mitted as  counsel.  He  died  at  Yorktown  Dee. 
10,  1810,  aged  02. 

GRIFFIN,  IvDMi'.ND  I).,  a  distinguished  writer, 
died  Sept.  1,  18.'j(),  aged  20.  He  was  the  second 
son  of  George  Griffin,  and  was  born  at  ^Vyomillg, 
Penn.,  Sept.  10,  1804.  His  mother  was  the 
daughter  of  Col.  Zebulon  Butler,  who  commanded 
in  the  defence  of  Wyoming,  when  it  was  deso- 
lated by  ''"•  British  and  Indians  in  1778.  His 
])arents  ronoving  to  New  York,  ho  was  at  the  age 
of  twelve  ])li:ced  under  the  instruction  of  David 
Graham,  of  that  city.  With  unequalled  ardor  he 
now  jiursued  the  various  branches  of  study,  gain- 
ing the  highest  rank  in  the  school.  In  this 
school  it  was  an  excellent  arrangement,  which  rc- 
(piircd  frequent  exercises  in  comj)osition.  Young 
Griffin  wrote  nine  little  volumes  of  essays,  and 
thus  ac(piired  a  rich  flow  of  language  and  remark- 
able copiousness  and  energy  of  thought.  At  the 
ago  of  fourteen  Mr.  Graham's  school  being 
discontinued,  he  was  transferred  to  that  of  Mr. 
Nelson,  a  celebrated  Wind  teacher.  In  1823,  at 
the  a.";e  of  eighteen,  he  was  graduated  at  Colum- 
bia college  with  the  highest  honors  of  his  class. 
After  ])roscciiting  the  study  of  law  about  two 
months  in  the  ofHee  of  his  father,  he  determined 
to  prepare  for  the  ministry,  and  entered  on  his 
studies  in  the  seminary  of  the  Episcojial  church, 
olthough  none  of  his  family  were  then  Episcopa- 
lians. One  motive  wliich  influenced  him  in  his 
choice  was  his  reinignancc  to  the  doctrines  of 
Calvinism.  In  Aug.,  1820,  he  was  adiniltod  to 
deacon's  orders,  and  soon  became  an  assistant 
preacher  in  the  church  in  Hamilton  square,  and 


GRIFFIN, 


(iltl   fKP. 


401 


nlHO  noNodnfo  with  Dr.  I.yt'll.    In  the  hojip  of 

])ri>ni')tiiitf  his  iiltimntc  uscfiiiiicNs,  hr  visitrd 
I'ltiropi'  ill  IS'JS.  Arriviii({  in  Novi'inliiT  iit  I'aris, 
he  tlicri!  pnssctl  two  inimtiis,  and  crossed  the 
Alps  into  Italy,  lie  set  sail  on  his  ri'tnni  .\piil 
1,  IH.'IO,  and  in  the  sliort  jiaH^a^'c  of  sixteen  days 
reached  New  York,  llcin^'  immediately  invited, 
in  the  aliHcnce  of  the  ])rofessor,  to  deliver  in  the 
colle;.'!'  a  conrse  of  leetnres  on  the  history  of  lit- 
erature, he  performed  this  service  in  Max  and 
,Tinie.  The  leetnres,  which  are  |)nl)lished,  related 
to  Itonian  and  Italian  and  l''nf,'lish  literature,  an<l 
are  "  a  iiolde  monument  of  promptitude,  dili- 
fjciice,  and  knowled^fe."  I'rom  a  journey  of  re- 
creation ho  returned  to  New  York  Aufj,  2tjth,  and 
three  days  after  was  seized  with  an  acute  disease, 
an  inllainmalion  of  the  howels,  which  terminated 
his  life.  He  died  in  meek  snhmission  and  joyful 
trust  in  the  Redeemer,  adnionishinjir  others  to 
pin'sue  the  course  to  n  blessed  immortality.  On 
reviviii}?,  after  a  sj)asm  which  seemed  to  he  fatal, 
he  said,  with  n  smile  of  inex])ressil)lo  sweetness, 
"  I  did  not  ffet  off  that  time  ;  "  l)ut,checkiiijf  him- 
self, he  added,  "That  was  a  rchcUioua  thoui,'ht ; 
1  must  wait  God's  time  to  die."  He  wa.s  buried 
hy  the  side  of  his  heloved  sister.  Lanfjuaj^e  can- 
not depict  the  desolation  which  must  have  come 
over  the  heart  of  a  father  enthusiastically  attached 
to  a  son  of  such  premise.  Such  a  blow,  however 
alleviated  by  the  memorials  of  the  genius  and  by 
the  virtuous  fame  of  the  departed  youth,  would 
seem  to  he  insuflerable  without  the  liope  of  a  re- 
union in  the  world  of  holiness  and  joy.  Probably 
America  cannot  boast  of  any  younj^  man,  who,  at 
so  early  a  jieriod,  reached  such  a  height  of  Icarn- 
hig  and  eloquence.  He  had  taste,  and  feeling, 
and  enthusiasm,  and  his  powers  of  description 
are  unrivalled.  His  poetical  talents  were  of  a 
high  order.  Two  volumes  of  his  works  have 
been  jniblishcd,  with  the  title.  Remains  oi  Ed- 
mund ]).  Griilin,  cominled  by  Francis  Griffin; 
with  a  biograjjhical  memoir  of  the  deceased,  by 
John  McVickar,  ]),  I)„  2  vols,8vo.  1831.  Among 
the  pieces  in  his  Remains  are  his  lectures  and  a 
journal  of  his  travels. 

ORH'TIN,  Euw.viiD  Dorr,  D.  D,,  died  at 
Newark  Nov,  8,  IHIiT,  aged  (57,  being  born  in 
East  lladdam  Jan.  G,  1770,  His  mother  was  Eve 
Dorr,  of  Lyme ;  her  mother  a  sister  of  Gov, 
Griswold.  His  imcle  was  Rev.  I'l  ])orr,  of  Hart- 
ford. One  of  his  brothers  was  Geoi'ge  G.,  of 
New  York.  Graduathig  at  Yale  in  17!)0,  he  was 
installed  as  colleague  i)astor  with  Dr.  McWhortcr 
at  Newark  in  1801.  He  became  professor  of  sa- 
cred rhetoric  at  Andovcr  in  1808 ;  minister  of 
Park-street  church  in  Boston  in  1811.  lie  re- 
turned to  Newark  in  1815,  and  was  president  of 
Williams  college  from  1821  to  1836.  His  wife, 
Frances,  a  daughter  of  Rev.  Joseph  Huntington, 
51 


of  Coventry,  dii''  ''ih25, 1H37.  Ip  him»<oir  <ti«i 
in  the  family  ir  i>on-in-law,  r.  L,  .V.  ,Si:  \u 
When  Dr.  Grithn  ««»  n  mltiiM*  r  in  ll»mtoi  ;# 
delivered  a  course  of  evening  lirlures,  »  uch 
excited  much  attention,  and  drew  multitw  •  tO 
hear  him  I'rom  among  those  whose  vii«>.  hi  «• 
troverted.  He  was  bold  and  eloqncnl  u,  hit 
discourses.  They  were  afterwards  published  iw 
his  Park-street  lectiu'es.  His  memoirs,  compiled 
from  iiis  own  writings  by  Rev.  W.  11.  Spraguu, 
were  pul)lishcd,  Nvo.,  lN;t!(.  He  jiulilished  a  ser- 
mon on  the  death  of  Dr.  Macwhorter,  1807  ( 
farewell  at  Newark  ;  iuiuigiir.d  oration  at  Andover, 
180!);  at  the  dedication  of  Park-street  church, 
1810;  I'ark-street  lectiuTs,  8vo.,  1813;  dedica- 
tion sermon  at  Sandwich;  jjlea  for  .\frica,  a  ser- 
mon, 1817;  before  the  foreign  missionary  society, 
New  York;  on  tlie  extent  of  the  atonement, 
12mo.,  181!);  before  American  education  society, 
182ij;  letter  on  open  communion,  1820;  address 
to  Rible  class  society.  —  (j'lij/iu'n  Mcmoii-s,  hi) 
Spra<jui\ 

GRH'TITH,  D.wii),  1).  I),,  of  Virginia,  died  at 
Philadelphia  in  Aug.,  1780. 

(JRIFFITTS,  Sajiii-.i,  Powixi,,  M.  D„  a  phy- 
sician in  Philadelphia,  was  born  in  that  city  July 
21,  17o9,  His  medical  education  was  completed 
din-ing  his  residence  of  three  years  in  Europe. 
After  his  return  he  practised  more  than  forty 
years,  till  his  death,  May  12,  1820,  aged  67.  He 
was  a  Quaker,  Every  morning  he  read  the  New 
Testament  in  Greek  or  Latin,  He  was  seldom 
absent  from  religious  meetings.  During  the 
prevalence  of  the  yellow  fever  in  various  years  he 
never  deserted  his  jiost,  \'et  he  believed  the 
fever  to  bo  contagious.  The  establishment  of  the 
dispensary  and  other  charitable  societies  were 
l)romotcd  by  his  eflbrts.  Of  the  eclectic  reper- 
tory he  was  one  of  the  editors,  —  Thacher,  I. 
27'>-285, 

GRIMKE,  John  F,,  judge  of  the  supremo 
court  of  South  CaroHna,  was  a  colonel  in  the  war 
of  the  Revolution,  lie  died  in  1819,  He  pub- 
lished a  revised  edition  of  the  laws  of  South  Car- 
oHna to  1789;  on  the  duty  of  justices  of  the 
peace  ;  a  probate  directory, 

GRIMKE,  Thomas  Smitti,  LL,  D.,  son  of  the 
preceding,  died  near  Columbus,  Ohio,  Oct.  12, 
1834,  aged  48.  A  native  of  Charleston,  he  was  a 
graduate  of  Yale  in  1807,  and  by  i)rofes.sion  a 
lawyer.  He  died  of  the  cholera,  being  on  his  way 
to  Columbus.  He  wrote  nuicli  on  peace  and  war. 
His  notions  were  the  extreme  notions  of  the  Qua- 
kers, that  even  a  defensive  war  is  wicked ;  that  a 
ruler  may  not  protect  his  people  by  the  sword  ; 
that  the  i)eo])le  may  not  protect  themselves  from 
an  enemy.  Although  ho  thus  misconstrued  the 
precejrt,  "  Resist  not  evil,"  yet  he  was  not  likely 
to  misconstrue  the  other  precept,  "  Give  to  him 


402 


CmiMSIIAW. 


ORISWOLD. 


that  imki'th  of  thoo,"  by  yiildinff  Inn  p^tntc  to  n 
rolil)i<r,  who  hIiouM  (IciiiuikI  it.  liciiiK  nKkcil 
what  ho  would  do  if  Iicwiim  the  nmyor  of  CharlcN- 
ton,  and  o  j)iriit(<hlii|)Hhould  ii[i|ir<)U('h  the  liarlxir, 
whether  ho  xlioidd  think  it  wronf;  to  fire  a  );un 
Upon  that  Nhip  P  ho  ri'pl!(-<I  in  writing  timt  lu< 
■hould  cull  to){(>thcr  the  Siilihath-Ncliool  childrcr. 
and  h'a«l  thcin  in  ])rof('HKion  to  nicot  tlic  piratcn, 
who,  l)y  Huch  n  nifjht.  would  hv  Nuliducd  into  for- 
bearance; ond  tlic  city  woidd  l)c  ludinrnu'd.  llin 
literary  views  were  rather  [leruliar.  lie  woidd 
cxchide  the  cltt.sHicH  mid  the  tnatiieinaticH  from 
making  a  ])art  of  the  general  education;  nnd  as 
to  KngliNli  orthography,  he  would  write  in  the 
following  forniR  the  words  which  they  designate, 
namely:  disci])lin,  respit,  lieliev,  creutiv,  excel- 
cnt,  iIu8trious,  efectuol,  irexiNfiblc  ;  huryH,  liuryd, 
varys,  varyd,  hurrys,  liurryd,  etc.  Jlut  he  1ms 
not  gained  any  followerN,  He  publiNhed  ad- 
drcNflOH  on  ncienee  and  education ;  on  the  Uililc  os 
a  cla8R-l)ook,  IKU);  on  Sunday  schools  in  the 
MisNifisip])i  valley  ;  ot  the  .Siniday-school  juhilec, 
1831;  on  the  truth  and  beauty  of  the  prinfi|)i('H 
of  peace;  oration  before  the  Cincinnati,  1809; 
before  the  I'lii  Ueta  Kappa  Bociety,  1830;  report 
on  tt  code  of  law,  1H27. 

GUIMSIIAW,  AViLLl.ui,  died  at  Philadelphia 
in  1H52,  in  adrnnccd  years.  He  was  a  grammarian 
and  historian.  He  published  a  history  of  the 
United  States,  12mo.,  ISl"!). 

GIIISCOM,  John,  LL.  ]).,  died  at  Burlington, 
N.  J.,  Feb.  20,  18.'52,  aged  77.  He  was  a  distin- 
guished physician  and  learned  man.  He  was 
professor  of  chemistry  and  natural  philosophy 
in  New  York  institute.  He  published  a  year  in 
Europe  in  1818  and  1819,  2  vols.,  1823;  a  dis- 
course on  choractcr  and  education,  1823. 

GItISWOI;l),(it:oRGi;,  minister  in  Lymc,Conn., 
died  in  1761,  aged  about  04.  He  graduated  at 
Yale  in  1717. 

ORISWOLD,  MATniEAV,  I,L.  1).,  governor  of 
Connecticut,  died  ot  Lyme  in  April  or  May,  1799, 
aged  83.  He  had  been  a  jtidge  of  the  supreme 
court  and  lieutenant-governor  before  he  was  gov- 
ernor. 

ORISWOLD,  Roger,  governor  of  Connecticut, 
was  the  son  of  Matthew  Griswold,  who  was  chief 
justice,  and  the  governor  after  Trumbull  from 
1784  to  1785,  when  he  wns  succeeded  by  Hunting- 
ton. He  was  born  at  Lyme  May  21,  1702.  His 
mother  was  the  daughter  of  Gov.  R.  Wolcott. 
Having  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1780,  he 
studied  law.  In  1794  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  congress,  and  was  for  many  years  a  distin- 
guished member  of  the  federal  party.  In  1801 
he  declined  the  appointment  offered  him  by  Mr. 
Adams,  of  secretary  of  war;  probably  because 
the  accession  of  Mr.  Jefferson  would  iu  a  few  days 
remove  him.  In  1807  he  was  appointed  a  judge 
of  the  supreme  court  of  the  Stiite.    He  was  also 


licnt. -governor  from  IKOO  till  May,  1811,  when  b« 
was  elected  governor  in  o|ipoNition  to  Mr.  Tread- 
well,  lie  refused  to  place  four  eom])nnie.i  under 
(ien.  l)eari)orn,  at  the  requisition  of  the  presi- 
dent,  for  garrison  purposes,  deeming  the  reipii- 
silion  unconstitutional,  as  they  were  not  wanted 
to  "repel  invasir)!!,  etc."  For  four  or  five  years 
ho  was  alllicted  with  paroxysms  of  sulfering.  An 
eulogium  on  him  was  iironoiniced  at  New  Haven 
by  D.  Daggett,  before  the  general  assembly.  Hig 
successor  was  John  Cotton  Smith. 

(i1HIS\V()LI),St.\MEY,  judge  of  Illinois  terri- 
tory, died  ut  Shawneetown  Aug.  21,  INl.'i.  Ho 
was  born  at  Torrington,  Conn. ;  was  graduated  ot 
Yale  college  in  17H0;  was  for  some  years  tho 
ininisfer  of  New  Milford,  but  relinquished  theology 
for  secidar  jjiirsuits.  He  edited  in  1803  a  j)a])er 
at  Walpolc,  N.  H.  Removing  to  Ohio,  he  was 
chosen  a  senator  of  the  I'nited  States  in  1809, 
and  afterwards  was  oppointed  judge.  He  pub- 
lished a  discourse,  1800;  a  sermon  at  AValling- 
ford  March  11,  1801,  to  the  friends  of  Mr.  Jef- 
ferson, who  had  become  ])resident ;  the  good  land 
we  live  in,  a  sermon,  1802. 

GRISWOLD,  Solomon,  died  in  Windsor,  O., 
in  June,  1834,  aged  80;  an  early  settler  ond  an 
officer  of  the  Revolution. 

GRISWOLD,  Simeon,  died  at  Nossou,  N.  Y., 
Dec.  17,  1843,  aged  90.  He  was  a  soldier  of  tho 
Revolution,  and  lived  most  of  his  days  in  I'itts- 
field,  Mass. 

GIHSWOLD,  Henjamin,  missionary  to  Africa, 
died  on  the  Gaboon  river  July  14,  1844.  Horn  in 
Randolph,  Vt,,  in  1811,  he  graduated  at  Dart- 
mouth in  1837,  ond  studied  theology  at  Andover 
and  New  Haven.  He  embarked  for  Cape  Talmas 
in  Dec.,  1841.  The  fatigue  of  an  ex])loring  tour 
and  of  surgical  labors  was  perha])H  the  cause  of 
his  death.  Mrs.  Mary  II.  Griswold,  his  widow, 
died  in  Africa  in  Feb.,  1849;  she  was  cheerful, 
energetic,  and  useful;  converts  mourned  her 
death. 

GRISAVOLD,  D.VRit's  O.,  a  minister  at  Sar- 
atoga Springs,  died  Dec.  27,  1841,  nged  54.  He 
had  been  laid  aside  by  paralysis  for  two  years. 
He  graduated  at  Williams  college  in  1808.  He 
was  social,  generous ;  of  high  attaiimients  as  a 
scholar;  as  a  preacher  solemn,  and  an  undissem- 
blcd  Christian.  He  was  first  settled  in  Bloom- 
field;  then  in  Saratoga  in  1817;  in  Wafertown, 
Conn.,  from  1823  to  1833 ;  then  again  in  Saratoga 
alx  years. 

GRISWOLD,  Alexander  V.,  D.  D.,  bishop  of 
the  eastern  diocese,  died  very  suddenly  at  Boston, 
Feb.  15,  1843,  aged  70.  He  published  conven- 
tion sermon,  1811;  also,  1817;  addresses  and 
charges  and  pastoral  letters,  1810-1821. 

GRISAVOLD,  John,  minister  in  Pawlet,  Vt., 
died  May  4,  1852,  aged  87.  He  was  a  native  of 
Lebanon  and  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth  in  1789. 


0R08. 


OlF.SS. 


403 


In  hl«  lnJ)or«  ho  wiw  vrr)'  imofii'    hut  he  wm  for  I 
yvarn  laid  uj)  hy  liit  iiitiniilticN.  ; 

GUOS.  John  Damk.i.,  D.  I).,  n  profi-fisor  n!"  ] 
inorni  |>hil".<)iihy  in  {'uluniliiii  collr;;!',  anil  mini--  i 
tcr  ilk  thi-  cily  of  New  Yi>rU,  w;i»  u  (ii'rin:m. 
])min((  the  Ui-xuliitioiiiiry  ((inllict  lie  wuh  ii  mill- 
i.sti'f  ii(  II  hiitcli  Ui'liirnKMi  iliiirih  on  tlic  froiiiii'i- 
of  the  Siiitc,  mill  WHS  ('X]ii)s('(l  to  m.iiiy  jiiiiN. 
Artir  till'  wiir  111'  rtiiiovril  to  Ni'W  Voilv.  II.' 
ilicil  lit  ('iiiinjolmrio  Miiy  'J.^,  IMlL', n^^ril  ''>.  Ilf 
])ulilisli'''l  iintiiral  iiriiic'i|iii'H  of  rrciiiuili',  eto.,  ii 
HVstt'iii    iu  treatisu   un  moral    plillosojiiiy,  Nvn., 

iiu:,. 

(illOSVFA'OH,  TllDMAS,  roloncl,  a  jatiiot  of 
tlio  llrvolutinii,  (lic'il  in  roMifrct,  Conn.,  in  IHL'.';, 
ufji'il  u!)i)Ul  HO.  Jk'  ^M'ailiuitcil  at  Yak-  coilcfji' in 
ITIJ.i ;  WHS  nn  oIIIcit  nml  wan  woniKU'd  in  tlu' 
lialtli-  of  Iliinkcr  Ilill;  and  at  the  tonnination  of 
tlii>  war  lii'lil  tilt'  rank  of  culoiirl.  I'or  alimit 
twi'iity  years  lie  was  tlii'  juilf,'o  of  proliati',  anil 
also  chief  jnstice  of  the  court  of  coninioii  [ilea.s 
until  lie  was  seventy. 

(ill()SVi;\()J{,  Damix,  minister  of  (Jraflon, 
Mass.,  mill  I'axton,  died  July  -2,  INJJl,  ajjed  S,j, 
n  imtriot  of  llie  Uevoliilioii.  After  the  hallle  of 
].exiii;,'toii  lie  inarched  uiili  a  cominny  of iniiuilc 
men,  carry  in;:  his  musket,  to  C'ani!iriil;,'e.  Horn 
in  I'oiiifret,  lie  ;;radiialed  at  Yule  in  ITfi!);  fnnii 
1771  to  nsswas  in  Craftoii;  from  17!M  to  IHOli 
was  minister  of  Taxtoii.  I'^licnezer  CJ.  iireached 
the  Kcrmoa  at  hii*  ordination  in  177-1.  llcv. 
Cyrus  1'.  U.  was  his  son.  lie  jmlilishod  a  hcr- 
mou  at  the  (uiliiiation  of  J.  JJaiicy,  1781. — 
]\'(i.s/iliiirii'.'<  l.rii'r.slir  AtiKlrni;/. 

(;U().SVr,N()K,  ])i;iumAli,  widow  of  the  pre- 
cediiijr.  died  in  retcrsham  Sept.  11,  ISll,  af^ed 
8J.  The  dau;;hter  of  ])r.  Hall  of  Sutton,  at  the 
nj;o  of  lil'leen  she  joined  the  church;  and  she 
adorned  her  ],rofc.ssion  Kcventy  years.  Uclij^ioii 
conli.-lled  her  life;  to  every  f,'ood  work  hIic  was 
ready.  Often  children  she  saw  three  die  in  the 
triumiihs  of  faith,  and  the  other  seven  were  jn-o- 
fcssors  of  religion.  The  bible  was  ever  her  daily 
comiianion. 

(iJl()S\J'A'()]l,  T110MA8  PiCABOUY,  a  member 
of  the  fourteenth  congress,  died  April  2ij,  1H17, 
aged  37.  lie  was  horn  in  I'omfret,  Conn. ;  grad- 
uated at  Y'ale  college  in  1800 ;  and  was  a  distin- 
guished lawyer  at  Hudson,  X.  W,  when  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  congress,  in  which  body  his 
eloquence  was  very  powerful.  11(  died  of  the 
consumption,  at  Judge  Hanson's  near  I3aItimore. 
His  wife  was  Mary  Jane  Hanson,  of  Maryland, 
of  whose  life  lie  iiublishcd  memoirs  a  short  time 
before  his  own  death.  Elisha  Williams  married 
his  sister. 

(iUOTZ,  PiiiMP  T.,  died  at  Stone  Arabia, 
N.  Y.,  Dec.  1,  1809,  having  been  iu  the  Lutheran 
ministry  more  than  tliirty  years,    lie  was  a  native 


of  Wurtpmbrrif,  liighK   r«fccmrcl   for  rluHoicnl 
learning  and  zeal  for  religion. 

(iUOlT,  Mr".,  wife  of  Allien  (i.,  mi>i>iiiimry 
to  AflxM.  died  at  I'ort  Kliziihelll  I'eb.  '.'1.  ISUO, 
aged  111.  Her  name  wat  ll.iiinah  llnvis,  of 
liiililrii.     Slie  went  loC.ipeTown  in  |h:1|, 

(illOVI'.It.  Sri  rm;N,  lirst  minister  of  Caldwell, 
N'.  J.,  died  June  'J2,  l8;j(l,  agi  d  77,  ha\hig  lu'i'ii 
the  j.astor  fiu'ty-nine  years,  lie  was  the  son  of 
Joseph,  of  Tolland,  Conn.,  and  graduated  at  Dart- 
moiiili  in  17S(t.  His  vidow  died  at  Newark 
July  l.'l,  1817.  aged  87  ;  she  was  early  pious,  and 
read  the  llilde  through  once  a  year  for  forty 
years.  An  aged  minister  of  the  same  niune,  who 
was  from  New  Jersey,  was  pastor  of  I'ittstowii 
near  Ciiiiaiidaigua  in  ISO  I.  His  brother,  Joseph, 
a  minister,  graduated  ot  Dartmouth  in  1770,  and 
died  in  I81I(>. 

(iliriM'.,  IIIUNIIAIU)  AHAM,  a  Moravian  mis- 
sionary, the  lirst  who  was  feiit  among  the  Delii- 
wares,  died  at  Uethlehem  March  20,  1808,  nged 
'M  years.  He  was  well  actpiainted  with  the  Del- 
aware language.  It  is  remarkable  that  he,  and 
his  brethren,  Y'anngman  and  Zeisberger,  after 
suli'ering  so  many  hardships,  should  reach  so  great 
an  age.  Some  years  before  17().>  he  preached  to 
the  Indians  in  rennsylvaiiia.  He  afierward.s  wofi 
a  minister  at  Lilitz  in  the  same  State.  —  Jleckc- 
irclilcr. 

GIUNDY',  Fi;i.ix,  a  senator,  died  at  Nash- 
ville, Tenn.,  Dec.  1!),  1810,  aged  (i.'J.  After  being 
a  member  of  the  legislature  of  Kentucky,  he  was 
eleclcd  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  in  1800.  Ho 
afterwards  practised  law  in  Tennessee.  In  1811 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  congress,  and  re- 
mained till  Isl  I  or  I8I0  ;  in  1829  lie  was  a  sen- 
ator of  the  I'liited  States,  and  again  in  1840;  in 
18;js  he  was  ajipointcd  L'.  S.  attorney-geneniL 
He  had  a  good  character  as  a  Christian.  He  pub- 
lished an  eulogy  on  Adams  and  Jell'erson. 

CiUYMl'^S,  John  II.,  an  eiuiiient  lawyer,  died 
in  New  Orleans  in  18J4,  aged  08.  Horn  in  Vir- 
ginia, he  emigrated  to  Louisiana  in  1808 ;  and 
after  the  dose  of  the  war  of  1812,  was  district 
attorney  of  the  United  States,  and  attorucy- 
general. 

GUESS,  Gkorge,  or  Skquoy-VU,  the  inventor 
of  the  Cherokee  alphabet,  died  in  the  town  of  San 
Fernando,  in  Aug.,  1843,  aged  about  70.  In  1842 
he  with  a  few  other  Indians  roved  into  the  Mexi- 
can territory  and  snll'ered  much  by  :;ickness.  His 
residence  was  near  Willstown,  perhaps  fifty  miles 
from  llrainerd.  He  invented  and  first  wrote  the 
Cherokee  language  about  1824,  comiirising  it  in 
eighty-five  characters,  each  of  which  e.xjiresses  an 
KiigUsh  syllable.  The  characters  have  been 
learned  in  one  day,  so  that  the  language  could 
be  expressed  in  speech.  But  to  understand  the 
import  of  all  words  and  combluatious  would  re- 


404 


GUNN. 


IIAKLUYT. 


;:("'!. 


quire  a  lonp;  time,  as  in  the  case  of  otiier  lanf,'iiaf;cs. 
Into  this  l;iiif,'U!if,'e,  Ilev.  Siimuel  A.  AVoicester, 
the  niissionnry,  has  translated  and  printed  a  part 
of  tiie  Xew  Testament,  and  some  jjortions  of  llie 
OKI  Testament.  In  ]&'>('),  alter  a  residence  of 
thirty-one  years  amonfj;  the  Clierokees  as  tlieir 
faithful  teacher,  Mr.  ^\'.  made  a  visit  for  the  first 
time  to  liis  relatives  and  friends  in  New  l'',njrland. 
Mr.  Guess  was  an  iii^'enions  silversmith  and  small 
farmer.  Unreclaimed  from  tiie  Cherokee  hea- 
thenism, it  is  said,  that  when  he  saw  the  use  made 
of  his  characters  in  translatiuf,'  the  bible  into 
Clierokee,  he  lamented  his  invention. 

OUXX,  .Iami:s,  ffeneral,  died  suddenly  in  Louis- 
ville, Geo.,  July  .'30,  ISOl.  lie  was  a  member  of 
conf];ress  from  ITS!)  to  ISOl. 

OUNX,  Ai,i:.\aM)i;k,  ]).  D.,  minister  of  the 
Reformed  Dutch  churcli  at  IMoominj^dale,  X.  Y., 
died  Sejjt.  18,  ISiiO.  His  widow  died  in  l.s;Jl. 
lie  ])ublished  memoirs  of  the  late  Dr.  Livinpslon. 

GUXXISOX,  J.  W.,  ca])taui,  wa.s  killed  by  the 
Utah  Indians  Xov.  20,  1SJ3.  He  was  a  to])o- 
grajjliical  eiif^ineer ;  Ju's  useful  services  were  em- 
jdoyed  alon<,'  the  coast  of  I'lorida,  and  ten  years 
in  a  survey  of  tlie  northwestern  lakes,  in  the  Salt 
lake  region,  and  on  a  raih'oad  route  to  the 
Pacific. 

GUIILEY,  Joiix,  minister  in  Lebanon,  Conn., 
died  Feb.  27,  1812,  aged  03,  in  the  thirty-seventh 
year  of  his  ministry.  He  graduated  at  Y'ale  in 
1773,  and  succeeded  E.  Wlieelock.  His  widow, 
Mary,  married  Gen.  A.  Peters,  and  died  in  1837, 
aged  80.  His  son  John  W.  G.,  attorney-general  of 
Louisiana,  died,  killed  in  a  duel,  in  1807.  His 
daughter  Mary  married  llev.  Dr.  Gillett,  of 
Maine.  His  son,  Itev.  Ralph  II.  Gurlcy,  lives  in 
Washington.  His  daughter,  Abby,  is  the  widow 
of  Prof.  Hinckley  of  ^lississijipi. 

GUTCII,  IloiiiniT,  Ei)isco])al  minister  at  Hath, 
Me.,  came  from  England,  and  died  about  1075. 

GWIXXETT,  JiurroN,  a  member  of  congress, 
died  May  27,  1777,  aged  44.  He  was  born  hi 
England  about  1732,  and  after  he  came  to  this 
country  jiurchased  a  large  tract  of  land  in  Geor- 
gia, and  devoted  himself  to  agricultural  pursuits. 
Elected  to  congress  in  1770,  he  signed  the  Decla- 
ration of  Inde]iciidence.  At  this  period  he  was  a 
competitor  with  Col.  Lackland  M'Intosh  for  the 
office  ofbrigadicr-general,and  formed  a  settled  hos- 
tility to  his  successful  rival.  Being  afterwards  pres- 
ident of  the  council,  he  nominated  a  Kubordinatc 
officer  to  the  command  of  an  expedition  against 
Florida.  The  cxjicdition  failed,  and  by  conse- 
quence Mr.  Gwinnett  failed  to  be  elected  governor 
in  May,  1777.  In  the  mortification  of  his  adver- 
sary; M'Intosh  exulted.  In  the  result  ^Ir.  G. 
challenged  him.  Fighting  at  the  distance  of 
twelve  feet,  both  were  wounded,  and  Mr.  G.  died 
of  Ills  wounds.    In  his  miserable  death  may  be 


:  seen  the  effects  of  envy,  rivalry,  and  hatred.    Had 

I  be  possessed  tliesjjirit  of  the  gospel  he  would  not 

thus  have  ])eiished.     Had  he  been  governed   by 

I  moral  and  religious  jinnciples,  he  might  have  been 

I  the  ornament  of  his  State. —  daoihic/i'.s  /.irc.f. 

I      H.MillUSHAM,   JosKfii,    ijostmaster-general 

of  the  United  States,  died  in  Xov.,  IHl.'j,  aged  (i.'). 

1  He  was   the  son  of  James  IL,  a  merchant  of 

1  Savannah,  who  died  at  llriniswick,  X.  J.,  ,\ug. 

29,  1770.     He  served  with  reputation  in  the  Kev- 

olulionary  war,  and   had   the  rank  of  licutenant- 

coloiu'l.     In  1780  he  was  a  member  of  congress; 

in  1790  he  was  ajipointed  iiostmaster-general,  but 

resigned  the    place  in   1800.      In    1802  he  was 

jiresident  of  flic  branch  bank  in  Savannah,  wliere 

!  lie  died. 

j      IIAGAX,  J.VMK.s,  a  jihysician  and  editor,  was 

I  an  Irishman,  who  lived  in  Virginia  and  I'hihidel- 

i  jiliia,  and  who  established  the  Vicksburg  Seiili- 

I  nel.  Miss.     His  fate  may  well  be  a  warning  to 

j  editors,  who  make  intemperate  and  abusive  at- 

I  tacks  ujion  their  fellow-men.     He  fell  in  a  street 

'  fight  in  Vicksburg,  June  7,  18i3,  aged  38. 

I      HAGXEU,   Pi:ti;i{,  auditor  of  the  treasury, 

I  died   in   Washington  July   10,    1800,   aged   79. 

Horn  and  educated  in  I'hiladeli)hia,  he  was  aji- 

pointed  in  1793  anaccouiilant  of  war.     Ho  served 

faithftdly  under  every  president  from  Washington 

to   Taylor,   fifty-seven   years,  modest,   laborious, 

patriotic,  of  unwavering  integrity.     He  was  often 

intrusted   with   the   settlement   of  largo  claims. 

X'o  ])ublic  olHcer  had  a  higher  character  in  the 

estimation  of  congress. 

HAIXES,  CHAULKS  G.,  adjutant-general  of 
Now  Y'ork,  was  born  in  Canterbury,  X.  H.,  an;! 
was  early  thrown  upon  the  resources  of  his  own 
mind.  lie  graduated  ntMiddlobury  in  1810.  In 
1818  he  removed  to  the  city  of  New  York.  As  a 
lawyer  ho  was  respectable;  but  his  talents  were 
of  a  popular  kind,  and  he  gave  himself  to  ])o]itics. 
He  supported  Mr.  Clinton.  Xo  young  man,  ])er- 
hajis,  ever  acquired  so  much  inlluonce.  Ho  died 
of  the  consumption  at  Bloomingdalo  July  3, 1820, 
aged  32.  His  writings  were  numerous.  He  ])iib- 
lished  considerations  on  the  canal,  1818;  memoir 
of  T.  A.  Emmet,  1829.  —  iVcio  York  Stalesman, 
July  8. 

HAIXES,  Jessk,  died  in  Lycoming  county, 
Ponn.,in  Sept.,  1800,  quite  aged.  Ho  was  known 
and  esteemed  as  a  minister  of  the  society  of 
Friends  over  seventy  yeai-s. 

IIAKLUYT,  lliciiAKD,  a  gcograjiher,  was  born 
in  1503,  and  died  in  101(5.  Ho  was  buried  at 
Westminster  Abbey.  To  him  Sir  Walter  Ilaleiijh 
assigned  his  jiatent  for  discoveries  In  America, 
and  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  eomjiaiiy.  I'ur- 
chas  made  use  of  his  manuscripts.  He  iinlilished 
voyages,  navigations,  traffiques,  and  discoveries  of 
the  English  nation,  foL,  3  vols.,  1589-1000 ;   Vir- 


IIALR. 

piiiiii  richly  valui'd,  by  tlip  dcscnjjtion  of  riorida,  ] 
Kii!!).  An  ('(lilicin  (if  !'.i.;  works  w:is  iiuhlislicd,  o  : 
vols.,lto..  ISOD-lSlL'.  I 

IIAI.l",,  John,  lirst  inluisti'r  of  lUvirly,  Mass.,  I 
t lie  son  of  Hobcrl  II.,  w.as  born  at  Charlostown 
.hinc   3,  KilXi;  jjnuluiited  in    lOo"  ;  was  ordained  ' 
Sept.  120,  KiiiT,  and  was  fhaplain  in  tho  oxjicdi-  j 
tion  to  Canada  in  !<!:)(>.     Ilf  died  May  1'),  1700. 
a;j;c'il  (!.'!.     la  tlii"  wili'lu'rafl  delusion  of  KiOL',  be- j 
},n]niin^'  in  the  laniily  of  .Mr.  I'arris,  he  was  de- 
luded, and   approved    of  the  judicial    measures. 
His  modest  in((niry  into  the  nature  of  witchcraft 
was   j)ublislied  in    1702,  indicatiiif;  a  wise  chan}j;e 
of  his  views.     ILis  account  of  the  witchcraft  was 
made  use  of  by  (".  Mather,  in  Majfnalia,  vi.  70. 
A  memoir  of  him  is  in  Hist.  Coll.,  .'Jd  series,  vol. 
VII.  —  Sj>r<ii/iic'x  Annals. 

IIAI,]';,  J.\Jll.s,  the  ti-st  minister  of  Ashford, 
Conn.,  died  Nov.  22,  1712,  aged  57.  Born  in 
Ueverly,  the  son  of  Ilev.  John  II.,  he  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1703,  and  was  a  tutor  at  Yale  in 
1707,  and  was  ordained  in  1718.  His  mother, 
for  his  father  was  tluee  times  married,  was  Mrs. 
Sarah  Xoyes  of  Xewbury.  His  younger  brother 
Samuel,  who  lived  in  Xewbury,  was  the  father  of 
Kichard,  and  grandfather  of  Xathan,  of  Coventry, 
of  Revolutionary  memory.  —  Sprai/uc'.s  Annals. 

HALE,  Musics,  nunister  of  IJyfield  parish,  in 
Newbin-y,  Mass.,  died  Jan.  IG,  17-13— 1,  aged  flj. 
He  was  the  son  of  John,  and  grandson  of  Thomas 
of  Xewbury,  born  July  10,  1078;  was  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1(599;  and  was  ordained  Xov.  17, 
1700.     His  successor  was  Moses  Parsons. 

HAL1%  X.vrii.\N,  cajitain,  a  Itevohitionary  oili- 
ccr,  was  a  descendant  of  the  preceding.  He  was 
the  son  of  Jtichard  H.,  of  Coventry,  Conn.,  and 
graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1773,  with  high 
reinitation.  In  the  war  he  commanded  a  com- 
])any  in  Col.  Knowlton's  regiment,  and  was  with 
the  army  in  the  retreat  from  Long  Island  In 
1770.  Washington  having  aj)i)lied  to  Knowlto.i 
for  a  discreet  and  enter])rising  oflicer  to  penetrate 
the  enemy's  cam})  and  ])rocure  intelligence,  Halo 
passed  in  disguise  to  the  British  camp,  but  on  liis 
return  was  apprehended  and  carried  before  Lord 
Wm.  Howe,  by  whom  he  was  ordered  for  execu- 
tion the  next  morning.  He  wa.s  denied  a  bible 
and  the  aid  of  a  clergyman.  The  letters,  full  of 
fortitude  and  resignation,  which  he  had  written  to 
his  mother  and  sister,  were  destroyed.  He  was 
hung,  regretting  that  he  had  but  one  life  to  lose 
for  his  country  ;  though  executed  in  a  brutal  man- 
ner as  a  s])y,  he  was  lirm  and  comjiosed.  In  edu- 
cation and  talents  he  was  superior  perhaps  to 
Andre,  who  died  also  as  a  spy ;  in  ])atriotic  devo- 
tion to  his  country,  hazarding  in  her  sacred  cause 
not  only  life  but  honor  and  home,  no  one  was 
s\il)erior  to  him.  Dwight  honored  him  by  some 
lines  on  his  death.    His  life  by  I.  W.  Stuart  was 


HALL. 


405 


published  in  ISuO. —  Amrrirnn  Itcmcmh.  1782, 
p.  2f^'(  ;   Kndj'ii's  l.til.  'l'i\-l'i'>, 

ll.M.l'.  Xathan,  died  in  (ioshen,  Coiui.,  Sejit. 
(1,  1813,  at  an  advanced  age.  He  graduated  at 
Yale  in  17(>9.  He  was  judge  of  the  county 
com't,  much  resjiected  as  a  man  of  integrity  and 
])ietv.  His  son,  Jonathan  Lee  Hale,  minister  of 
^^'indllam,  Me.,  died  at  Skidaway.  (ieo.,  Jan.  10, 
Ui.;.'),  aged  13  ;  a  graduate  of  Midiilebury  in  1819, 
of  Andover,   1822. 

II.^LI".,  David,  minister  of  South  Coventry, 
Conn.,  died  in  1822,  aged  about  07.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  in  178,3.  His  widow',  Lydia,  re- 
markable for  piety  and  for  mental  and  physical 
vigor,  died  at  Itotkville  in  1810,  aged  80.  These 
were  the  jiarcnts  of  David  Hale,  editor  of  the 
Journal  of  ('(mimerce  at  Xew  York. 

1L\LE,  Enoch,  the  lirst  minister  of  AVest- 
hampton,  Mass.,  died  in  Jan.,  1837,  ag.'d  83. 
Horn  in  Coventry,  Conn.,  the  son  of  llich.trd,  he 
was  the  brother  of  Capt.  Xathan  Hale,  of  Revo- 
lutionary memory.  He  graduated  at  Yale  in 
1773,  and  was  settled  in  1779.  His  widow,  Oc- 
tavia,  died  in  1839,  aged  80.  He  was  a  faithful, 
respected,  and  useful  minister.  Jlr.  Hale  was 
the  father  of  Xathan  Hale,  the  editor  of  the  lios- 
ton  Advertiser.  He  published  a  fast  sermon, 
1804. 

HALE,  Enoch,  M.  D.,  died  in  Boston  in  1848, 
aged  GO  years  or  more.  Ho  was  the  son  of  Rev. 
ImiocIi  Hale,  of  Westham])ton.  His  grandfather 
was  Deacon  Richard,  of  Xewbury ])ort,  and  Cov- 
entry, Conn. ;  and  he  was  the  son  of  Samuel,  of 
Xewbury,  Mass. ;  and  Samuel  was  the  son  of  Rev. 
John  Hale  of  Beverly,  and  of  Sarah  Xoyes.  He 
published  Dr.  Holyoke's  journal,  with  a  memoir, 
in  the  memoirs  of  American  academy ;  on  animal 
heat  by  respiration,  1813  ;  Boylslon  jirizc  disserta- 
tions, 1821. 

HALl'.,  Wii.i.mi.  Dr.,  died  at  Hollis,  X.  IL, 
Oct.  10.  1804,  aged  91.  He  was  the  son  of  Dr. 
John  Hale,  a  surgeon  in  Col.  Cilley's  regiment  in 
the  Revolutionary  war. 

HALE,  David,  editor  of  the  Journal  of  Com- 
merce, Xew  York,  died  at  Eredericksburg,  Va., 
whither  he  went  in  ill  beallh,  Jan.  20,  1849.  He 
was  the  son  of  Rev.  David  Hale,  of  South  Cov- 
entry, now  called  Lisbon,  Conn.  At  first  he  was 
a  merchant  in  Boston,  but  imsuccessful  j  then  an 
auctioneer.  As  projirietor  and  distinguished  ed- 
itor of  the  Journal  of  Connnerce,  he  prospered 
and  had  a  wide  induence.  He  was  an  elKcient 
member  of  the  Congregational  church  hi  New 
York. 

HALL,  TiiEoriiiLr.s,  first  minister  of  Meriden, 
Conn.,  died  March  20,  1707,  aged  09.  He  was  a 
graduate  of  Yale  in  1727,  and  ordained  Oct.  29, 
1729.  One  of  his  sons  was  Avery  Hall,  minister 
of  Rochester,  N.  II.  j  a  daughter  married  Key. 


406 


HALE. 


HALL. 


A.  Lee,  of  Norwich.  He  had  strong  intellectual 
powers,  was  a  strong  advocate  of  civil  and  relig- 
ious liberty,  and  was  much  esteemed  as  a  preacher. 
Ho  puhlished  two  discourses  on  the  death  of  llev. 
Isaac  Stiles  j  two  on  i'aitli ;  and  a  sermon  at  the 
ordination  of  Key.  M.  Meriain. 

HALL,  I'niNXi;,  a  negro,  master  of  a  masonic 
lodge  in  Boston,  was  born  about  173S.  After  the 
peace  a  masonic  charter  was  obtained  from  Kng- 
land;  but  it  seems  that  white  masons,  out  of 
pride,  would  not  acknowledge  the  African  lodge. 
Mr.  Hall  said,  "There  are  to  be  seen  the  weeds 
of  pride,  envy,  tyranny,  and  scorn,  in  this  garden 
of  peace,  liberty,  and  equahty."  He  published 
two  masonic  charges,  1"!)2,  1797. 

HALL,  Samuel,  minister  of  Cheshire,  Conn., 
died  in  177C,  aged  80,  in  the  forty-second  year  of 
his  ministry.  He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1716,  and 
was  a  tutor  two  years.  His  daughter,  Ann,  mar- 
ried llev.  Warliam  Williams.  He  j)ublished  a 
sermon  on  the  small  pox,  1732;  an  election  ser- 
mon, 174G. 

HALL,  ])AVIT),  D.  D.,  minister  of  Sutton, 
Mass.,  died  May  8,  1789,  aged  84,  in  the  sixtieth 
year  of  his  ministry.  He  was  the  son  of  Josejjh, 
of  Yarmouth,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1724, 
and  was  ordained  in  1729.  In  five  years  eighty- 
one  were  added  to  the  church  ;  in  1743  there  were 
added  ninety-eight  ])ersons.  He  ex])erienced 
trouble  from  the  Se])aratists.  He  was  the  friend 
of  Jonathan  Edwards,  and  as  a  member  of  the 
council  resisted  his  dismission  fromXorthampton. 
Of  his  twelve  children,  one  dauglitcr  married  liev. 
Aaron  Putnam,  of  I'omfret,  and  another  llev. 
Daniel  Grosvcnor,  of  Grafton.  He  published  a 
thanksgiving  sermon  on  the  reduction  of  Canada, 
17G0  ;  a  half-century  sermon,  1779.  —  Sprafjue's 
Annals. 

HALL,  Lym.vx,  governor  of  Georgia,  was  a 
native  of  Conn.,  and  graduated  at  Y'alc  college  in 
1747.  Having  studied  medicine,  he  established 
himself  at  Sudbury,  Ga.  He  early  and  zealously 
es])oused  the  cause  of  his  country.  His  efforts 
were  particularly  useful  in  inducing  the  Georgians 
to  join  the  American  confederacy.  In  May, 
177o,  ho  was  a  member  of  congress,  and  signed 
the  Declaration  of  Inde])cndence,  and  continued 
in  that  body  to  the  close  of  1780.  While  the 
British  had  possession  of  Georgia,  they  confiscated 
his  i)roi)crty.  In  1783  lie  was  elected  governor; 
the  next  year  he  was  succeeded  by  J.  Houston. 
He  died  in  Feb.,  1791,  aged  CO.  Though  warm 
and  enthusiastic,  he  had  tlie  guidance  of  a  sound 
judgment.  —  (loodrich's  Lifc.i. 

HALL,  Sami'i:!,,  a  printer  in  Boston,  died  Oct. 
30,  1807,  aged  07.  He  was  a  correct  jirinter. 
From  the  beginning  to  the  end  of  the  war  ho 
conducted  a  firm,  rejiublican  paper.  He  did 
good  service  to  his  country.  He  was  a  patriot  of 
mtegrity  and  equanimity. 


HALL,  ^V.\noN,  minister  of  Keone,  N.  II.,  died 
in  1815,  aged  02,  having  been  pastor  thirty-six 
years.  He  was  zealous  for  the  truth,  but  candid 
and  ])acific.  He  died  in  Christian  hojie  and  joy. 
—  Pannjilist,  XI.  9j. 

IIALL,WiLl.TAM,  first  minister  of  Grafton,  Vt., 
died  in  1823,  aged  78.  Born  in  Woburn,  he 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1770,  and  was  settled  in 
1788. 

HALL,  GoiiDOX,  first  American  missionary  at 
Bombay,  died  :March  20,  1820,  aged  42.  'lie 
was  born  in  West  Granville,  now  Tolland,  Mass., 
and  was  graduated  at  Williams  college  in  1808, 
the  first  scholar  in  his  clas.s.  Having  studied  the- 
ology, he  refused  an  invitation  to  settle  in  Con- 
necticut, saying,  "  Wo  is  me  if  I  preach  not  the 
gospel  to  the  heathen."  Offering  himself  as  a 
missionary  to  the  American  board  of  commis- 
sioners for  missions,  he  was  ordained  at  Salem, 
with  Newell,  Judson,  Nott,  and  Kico,  Feb.  6, 1812, 
and  in  the  same  month  sailed  for  Calcutta.  An- 
other band  of  missionaries,  consisting  of  Bard- 
well,  Meigs,  Poor,  llichards,  and  Warren,  sailed 
for  Ceylon  in  Oct.,  1812,  followed  by  Graves  and 
Nichols  in  1817,  and  by  AVinslow,  Spaulding, 
Woodward,  and  Dr.  Scudder  in  1819.  Mr.  Hall 
arrived  at  Bombay  in  Feb.,  1813,  and  there  spent 
thirteen  years  in  his  benevolent  toils,  with  a  pur- 
pose unaltered  and  zeal  unquenched.  He  had 
just  revised  the  New  Testament  in  JIahratta, 
when,  as  he  was  on  a  journey  in  the  interior,  he 
was  seized  with  the  cholera,  which  jjrot'od  fatal  in 
eight  or  nine  hours.  His  widow,  a  native  of  Eng- 
land, is  still  living,  1850,  with  her  son,  Gordon 
Hall,  one  of  the  ministers  of  Northampton.  His 
mother,  Elizabeth,  died  in  1834,  aged  91.  He 
was  a  man  of  great  force  of  mind  and  decision  of 
cliaracter,  of  ardent  piety,  and  of  entire  devotcd- 
ness  to  the  work  of  a  missionary.  His  vigorous 
frame  and  habits  of  life  fitted  him  to  endure 
the  hardshijjs  of  a  missionary.  His  qualifica- 
tions of  every  kind  for  the  work  to  which  he 
devoted  his  life,  were  very  uncommon.  He  pub- 
lished a  sermon  on  foreign  missions,  1812.  His 
aj)poal  to  the  American  Christians  in  behalf  of 
the  twelve  millions  speaking  the  ^lahratta  lan- 
guage, was  published  in  the  ^lissionary  Herald, 
Oct.,  1826.  He  wrote,  also,  w'th  Newell,  the  ton- 
version  of  the  world,  or  the  claims  of  six  hundred 
millions,  etc.,  2d  edit,  1818.  The  New  Testa- 
ment in  Mahratta  was  printed  at  the  mission  press 
in  Bombay  in  1826.  —  Missionary  Herald,  Oct., 
1826;  iSprciffue's  Annals. 

HALL,  JoiiN  E.,  editor  of  the  Portfolio,  died 
at  Pbiladelidiia  June,  1829,  aged  44.  He  pub- 
lished American  law  journal,  0  vols..  1808-1817. 

HALL,  Elijah,  captain,  died  at  Portsmouth, 
N.  IL,  in  1830,  aged  87.  In  the  Revolutionary 
war  he  was  a  lieutenant  in  the  navy,  and  sailed 
under  John  Paul  Jones. 


HALL. 


IIALLOCK. 


407 


alio,  (lied 
lie  pub- 
08-1817. 
•tsniouth, 
lutionary 
id  sailed 


ILVLL,  Al.VNSON'  C  missionnry,  died  in  Pu- 
laski, Tcnn.,  A])ril  i:!,  1S40.  lie  left  Auluirn 
theological  sclinol  in  1n:JJ,  and  enihaiked  for  Cey- 
lon. His  wife  died  there.  Disease  soon  coin- 
])clled  him  to  return.  Ho  died  of  the  eonsumiition. 
His  last  words  were,  "I  triuni])h." 

HALL,  Fui.DKUic,  M.  I).,  LL.  ]).,  of  Wash- 
inf^ton  city,  died  in  Peru,  111.,  July  27,  18};},  aged 
Gl.  He  was  l)orn  in  Vermont,  -graduated  at 
Dartmouth  College  in  180;5,  and  was  |)rol'essor  of 
natural  j)hilo.soj)hy  in  Middlebury  college  ;  after- 
wards president  of  ^It.  IIoj)e  college,  near  lialli- 
morc.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was]irofessor 
of  chemistry  in  Colunihia  college,  Washington. 
He  was  a  beneflictor  of  Dartmoutli  college,  giving 
to  it  a  cabinet  of  minerals  and  some  thousands  of 
dollars  in  money.  Ho  ])ul)lished  a  eulogy  on 
Solomon  Metealf  Allen,  at  Middlebury  college, 
1818;  statistics  of  iliddlebury  in  Mass.  historical 
collections,  2d  series,  vol.  ix. 

HALL,  CiiAULivS,  D.  ]).,  died  at  Newark,  N.  J., 
Oct.  31,  18j3,  aged  oo.  A  native  of  the  State  of 
Kew  York,  ho  graduated  at  Hamilton  college  in 
1825.  He  was  for  years  secretary  of  the  Amer- 
ican home  missionary  society,  associated  with  Dr. 
Badger.  He  was  principal  editor  of  the  Home 
Missionary.  Ho  was  a  scholar,  and  had  sound 
judgment  and  a  devoted  j)iety ;  in  a  mysterious 
providence  lie  was  taken  away  in  the  midst  of  ex- 
tensive usefulness. 

HALL,  CiiAfXCicY  A.,  JI.  D.,  died  at  Madison, 
Wisconsin,  !May  8,  18uC,  of  congestion  of  the 
lungs,  aged  43.  Ho  was  the  son  of  Dr.  Eli  Hall, 
of  Blandford,  Mass.,  a  graduate  of  Amherst  in 
1833.  Ho  was  many  years  an  excellent  jjhysi- 
cian  in  Nortliampton,  connected  with  the  water- 
cure  establishment  on  Hound  Hill ;  then  two 
years  in  Hartford.  His  wife,  in  going  out  to  him, 
mot  his  remains  at  Detroit.  Ho  was  buried  at 
Brattloborough,  Vt.,  his  native  ])lace. 

HALL,  WiLLUM,  general,  died  in  Sumner  Co., 
Tenn.,  in  Oct.,  ISuO,  aged  82.  IIo  had  been  a 
member  of  congress. 

HALLADAY,  Alukut  R.,  a  missionary  to 
Persia,  died  in  Albemarle,  Va.,  Oct.  18,  18.jG. 
He  had,  since  his  return  from  P.,  been  recently 
chosen  jjrcsident  of  Hampden  Sydney  college. 

IIALLOCK,  .Ii'.ui-.MIAII,  minister  of  West  Sims- 
bury,  near  Canton,  Conn.,  died  June  23,  182C, 
aged  OS,  in  the  ftn-ty-iirst  year  of  his  ministry. 
He  was  the  son  of  William,  of  Brookhaven,  Long 
■  Island,  who  removed,  when  his  son  was  yoimg,  to 
Goshen,  Mass.  Here  ho  toiled  on  his  father's 
farm  until  twenty-one  years  old,  twice  being  called 
out  as  a  soldier  in  the  war.  He  studied  theology 
four  years  with  T.  Dwight,  of  Northampton,  and 
with  others,  and  was  ordained  in  1783.  He  went 
on  an  early  mission  to  Vermont  about  1801.  As 
a  diligent  and  faithful  preacher  God  often  blessed 
his  labors  with  remarkable  revivals,  in  the  years 


170:^,1700,  IROr.,  1812,1813, 1810,and  1821.  With 
but  little  education,  lie   preaeiied  wiili   a  warm 
heart  and  willi  wonderful  power.     With  little  ac- 
tion, and  none  of  the  graces  of  orat(n-y,  lie  found 
a  way  to  tlie   souls  of  his  licarers  ;  it  was  by  his 
sincerity,  sini];licity,  ntl'ection,    and    earnestness. 
Some    one    called   him    the    apostle    John.      In 
prayer,  which  was  his  element,  ho  was  himiblc, 
solemn,  fervent.     His  intellect  was   not  nf  an  in- 
ferior order.     He  was  original ;  he  had  a  grajihio 
power;  his  iniagery  was  vivid.     His  only  daugh- 
ter died  of  the  spotted  typhus  fi'ver  in  1813,  aged 
14.     His  son,  Jeremiah  Ilumjihrey  Ilallock,  was 
graduated  at  Williams  in  1810,  was  a  judge  in 
Oliii).  and  died  in  1847.     His  widow  died  in   the 
year  of  his  own  death,  lS2(i.     'I'be  godly  pastor, 
is   the  title  of  a  memoir  of  his   life,  by  C.  Yale, 
with   a  sketch  of  liis  brollier  Moses.     His  only 
])rinted  sermon  was  ])reaehed  at  the  dedication  of 
lii.i  meeting-house  in  181,j.  —  f^pnti/nc'n  AidhiIs. 
IIALLOCK,  Mosf.s,  the  first  minister  of  Plain- 
field,  Mass.,  died  July   17,  1837,  aged  77.     He 
had  been  fctl led  nearly  forty-live  ye:ir        He  was 
the  brother  of  Jeremiah  II.     His  faiiicr  removed 
to   Goshen,   near    Xorthainptou,   when    ho   was 
young.    He  graduated  at  Yale  in  178H,  aiul  was 
ordained  July    11,   1702.      Din-iug  his  ministry 
there  were  several  remarkable  revivals  of  religion. 
He  bad  received  3.11  members  of  the  ehurcli  previ- 
ously to  1831,  when  his  colleague  was  settled.   Ac- 
customed to  receive  students  into  his  family  and  to 
teach  them,  the  whole  inmiber  was  304,  of  whom 
thirty  were  females,  fifty  became  ministers,  and 
seven  missionaries  to  the  heathen.     Of  these  last 
were  James  and  William  llichards,  I'arsons,  and 
Fisk,  Jonas  King,  I'ervy,  ami  H.  Halloek.     lie 
was  meek,  humhle,  kind,  holy,  exliibiting  all  the 
excellencies  of   the  Christian  character.     Tlirce 
weeks  before  his  death  Mr.  Kiehards,  the  mission- 
ary from  the  Sandwich  Islands,  introduced  to  him 
a  native,  and  said,  "This  is  my  teacher."    The 
l)oy  exclaimed    in  the  language  of  his  country, 
"  Day  most  gone  ;  sun  most  down  ;  most  su])pcr 
time."      Then   Mr.  II.    offered   a   most   fervent 
prayer.     Wiien  he  was  buried,  his  old  blind  dea- 
con, James  Kiehards,  the  father  of  the  missionar)-, 
the  last  of  his  original  church,  was  led  uj)  to  his 
cofiin,  and,  as  he  felt  the  face  of  his  pastor,  lie 
burst  into  a  flood  of  tears,  saying,  "  Farewell  for 
time!"    Of  his  three  sons,  Gerard  is  tho  editor 
of  tho  New  York  Journal  of  Commerce;  William 
Allen  is  secretary  of  tho  American  tract  society  ; 
Homan  was  missionary  printer  thirteen  years  at 
Malta   and  Smyrna.     His  wife,  Margaret  Allen, 
of  Chilmark,  ^laitha's  Vineyard,   died  in   1830. 
His  father  died  in   1815,  aged  85,  leaving  one 
word  for  future  generations,  received  from   his 
father,  —  "Ilemember,  there  is  a  long  eternity!" 
The  deacon  of  his  church  was  Joseph  Beals,  who 
died  in   1813,  the  original  of  "  The  Mountain 


408 


HALLOCK. 


IIAMILTON". 


Millrr."  rrfcrrpd  to  in  the  popular  tract  of  that 
name.  —  (,'.  )>//(- '.v  Shdr/i  of  his  Life;  Holland, 
II.  205!   Sprniine's  Annals. 

HALl.OC'K,  M.MlTIIA,  ilird  at  I'lniiiflrld,  Mass., 
ill  18o2,  af,'t'd  !j{\,  the  daii-ihlor  of  ]U'V.  Moses  IF. 
She  was  poor.  She  f;ave  five  dolhirs  to  eacli  of 
five  lienevoleiit  societies,  and  iicr  s|)ecta('l('s  to  a 
friend,  and  said,  "Xothiii;;;  hiil  the  sou!  now!" 

IIAJ-SI'^Y,  John  T.,  died  in  rii/ahellitown 
July  2,  1842,  aj^ed  '\o.  lie  was  a  ])reaelier,  and 
also  n  puldic  henefaotor  as  long  the  excellent 
teacher  of  a  lloiirisln'nf;  school. 

11A1-.SI':Y,  Wii.i.iam,  mayor  of  Newark,  X.  J., 
died  \\\'^.  10,  IK  13,  aged  "S.  He  was  a  judge  of 
the  common  ])lea  ,.  lie  had  lived  half  a  century 
in  Newark,  and  was  active  and  enterprising. 

IIALS'i'KI),  lt()nr:uT,  Dr.,  died  at  Elizabeth- 
town,  N.  .1.,  in  182i),  aged  70. 

1IAMI],T()X,  A.NDUKW,  an  eminent  lawyer  of 
Philadel])hia,  died  Aug.  '1,  1711.  He  had  been 
speaker  of  the  house  of  assembly,  but  he  re- 
signed this  ofHce  in  1739  on  account  of  his  age 
and  infirmities.  Ho  filled  several  stations  with 
honor,  integrity,  and  ability.  In  Zenger's  trial  at 
New  York  he  acquired  m\ich  rejiutation  as  a  law- 
yer. His  son,  James  Hamilton,  was  rcj)eat- 
edly  governor  of  I'emisylvania  between  the  years 
1718  and  1771.  —  ProuiVs  History  of  rennsyl- 
vania,  ii.  210-219. 

HAMH/rON,  Alexandkr,  first  secretary  of 
the  treasury  of  the  United  States,  of  Scotch  or 
English  descent,  died  July  12,  1804,  aged  about 
47.  He  was  born  in  the  island  of  Nevis  in  1757. 
At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  accompanied  his  mother 
to  New  York,  and  entered  a  student  of  Columbia 
college,  in  which  he  continued  about  threo  years. 
AVhile  a  member  of  this  institution  the  first  bud- 
dings of  his  intellect  gave  ])resagcs  of  Iiis  future 
eminence.  The  contest  with  Great  Britain  called 
fortli  the  first  talents  on  each  side,  and  his  juve- 
nile pen  asserted  the  claims  of  the  colonics 
against  very  rcs])cctable  writers.  His  papers  ex- 
hibited such  evidences  of  intellect  and  wisdom, 
that  they  were  ascribed  to  Mr.  Jay.  At  the  age 
of  eigliteen  lu  entered  the  army  as  an  oflicer  of 
artillery.  The  first  sound  of  war  awakened  his 
martial  sjiirit,  and  as  a  soldier  he  soon  conciliated 
the  regard  of  his  brethren  in  arms.  It  was  not 
long  before  he  attracted  the  notice  of  Washing- 
ton, who  in  1777  selected  him  as  an  aid,  with  the 
rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  Throughout  the  cam- 
paign, which  terminated  in  the  caj)ture  of  Lord 
Cornwallis,  he  commanded  a  battalion  of  light 
infantry.  At  the  siege  of  York  in  1781,  when  the 
second  parallel  was  opeiiod,  two  redoubts,  which 
flanked  it  and  were  advanced  three  huntlred  yards 
in  front  of  the  IJritish  works,  very  much  annoyed 
the  men  in  the  trenches.  It  was  resolved  to  pos- 
sess them,  and,  to  prevent  jealousies,  ihc  attack 
of  the  one  was  committed  to  the  Americans,  and 


of  the  other  to  tl-.e  I'reiich.  The  detnrl;ment  of 
I  III' .Americans  was  coniinamh-d  by  the  Manpiis  du 
Lafayette,  and  Col.  Ilamiiton,  nt  his  own  earnest 
request,  led  the  advanced  corps,  consisting  of  two 
battalions.  Towards  the  close  of  the  day.  Oft, 
Mill,  the  tio()])s  rushed  to  the  charge  williout 
firing  a  single  gun.  The  works  were  carried  with 
but  little  loss. 

Soon  after  the  capttire  of  Cornwallis,  Hnmilton 
sheathed  his  sword,  a!id,  being  encumbered  with 
a  family  destitute  of  funds,  at  the  age  of  tweiitv- 
five  ap])lie(l  to  the  study  of  the  law  in  New  York. 
Ill  this  jirofession  he  soon  rose  to  distinction. 
Hut  his  ])rivate  ])ursuits  could  not  detach  liim 
from  a  regard  to  the  jiublic  welfare.  'I'he  vio- 
lence which  was  meditated  against  the  jiroperty 
and  jiersons  of  all  who  remained  in  tlie  city  diu'- 
iiig  the  war,  called  forth  his  generous  exertions, 
and,  by  the  aid  of  Governor  Clinton,  the  faithless 
and  revengeful  scheme  was  defeated.  In  Julv, 
1782,  he  was  chosen  a  member  of  congress.  He 
was  chairman  of  the  committee  which  rejiorted  a 
resolution  to  jirovide  a  sinking  fund  to  j)ay  the 
national  debt.  In  1780  he  was  chosen  a  member 
of  the  assembly  of  New  York,  and  he  introduced 
and  ably  Rii|)]iorted  the  bill  for  acceding  to  the  as- 
sumed indeiiendencc  of  Vermont.  A  more  im- 
])ortant  affair  now  demanded  his  talents.  After 
witnessing  the  debility  of  tlie  confederation  he 
was  fully  imjircssed  with  the  necessity  of  an  ef- 
ficient general  government,  and  he  was  apjiointed, 
with  two  others,  in  1787,  a  memlierof  the  federal 
convention  for  New  York.  He  assisted  in  form- 
ing tlie  constitution  of  our  country.  It  did  not 
indeed  completely  meet  his  wishes.  He  was 
afraid  that  it  did  not  contain  sufhcient  means  of 
strength  for  its  own  jireservation,  and  that  in  con- 
sequence we  should  share  the  fate  of  many  other 
republics,  and  jiass  through  anarchy  todesjiotisni. 
He  was  in  favor  of  a  more  permanent  executive 
and  senate.  He  wished  for  a  strong  government, 
which  would  not  be  shaken  by  the  conflict  of  dif- 
ferent interests  through  an  extensive  territory, 
and  which  should  be  adequate  to  all  the  forms  of 
national  exigency.  He  was  a])j)rehensive  that  the 
increased  wealth  and  ])0])iilation  of  the  States 
would  lead  to  encroachments  on  the  union,  and 
he  antici])ated  the  day  when  the  general  govern- 
ment, unable  to  sup])ort  itself,  would  fall.  But, 
believing  the  constitution  to  be  incomparably  su- 
perior to  the  old  confederation,  he  exerted  all  his 
talents  in  its  sujijiort,  though  it  did  not  rise  to 
his  conception  of  a  ])erfect  system.  I)y  his  ])en, 
in  the  jiapers  signed  I'ublius,  and  by  his  voice  in 
the  convention  of  New  Y'ork  in  the  summer  of 
1788,  he  contributed  much  to  its  adoption.  AVhen 
the  government  was  organized  in  1780,  Washing- 
ton jilaced  him  at  the  head  of  the  treasury.  In 
his  reports  he-  ])roposed  jdans  for  funding  the 
debt  of  the  union  and  for  assuming  the  debts  of 


HAMILTON. 


HAMILTON. 


409 


the  respective  States,  for  estal)lishinf»  a  bank  and  I  he  thought  it  necessary  to  disclose  a  cii^umstanco 


mint,  and  for  jirocurinf^  a  revenue.  He  wished 
to  redeem  tiie  rejiutation  of  his  country  by  satis- 
fyinj;  her  creditors,  and  combine  witii  tlie  (govern- 
ment sueli  a  monied  interest  as  mifjht  facilitate 
its  operations.  But,  while  he  ojiened  sources  of 
wenltli  to  thousands  by  establishing  public  credit, 
and  thus  restoring  the  ])ul)lic  ])aper  to  its  original 
value,  he  did  not  enrich  himself  He  did  not  take 
advantage  of  his  situation,  nor  improve  the  oppor- 
tunity he  enjoyed  for  acquiring  a  fortune.  Though 
accused  of  amassing  wealth,  he  did  not  vest  a  dol- 
lar in  the  iniblic  funds. 

Li  the  early  stage  of  the  administration,  a  dis- 
agreement existed  between  Mr.  Hamilton  and  the 
Kceretary  of  State,  Mr.  Jefferson,  which  increased 
till  it  issued  in  such  open  hostility,  and  introduced 
such  confusion  in  the  cabinet,  that  Washington 
found  it  necessary  to  address  a  letter  to  each, 
recommending  forbearance  and  moderation.  Mr. 
Hamilton  was  apprehensive  of  danger  from  the 
encroachment  of  the  States,  and  wished  to  add 
new  strength  to  the  general  government!  while 
Mr.  Jelferson  entertained  little  jealousy  of  the 
State  sovereignties,  and  was  rather  desirous  of 
checking  and  limiting  the  exercise  of  the  national 
authorities,  particularly  the  jiower  of  the  execu- 
tive. Other  jjoints  of  difference  existed,  and 
reconciliation  could  not  be  effected.  In  the  begin- 
ning of  1793,  after  intelligence  of  the  rujjture 
between  France  and  Great  Britain  had  been 
received,  Hamilton,  as  one  of  the  cabinet  of  the 
president,  supported  the  ojnnion,  that  the  treaty 
with  France  was  no  longer  binding,  and  that  a 
nation  might  absolve  itself  from  the  obligations 
of  real  treaties,  when  such  a  change  takes  place 
in  the  internal  situation  of  the  other  contracting 
])arty,  as  renders  the  continuance  of  the  connec- 
tion disadvantageous  or  dangerous.  He  advised 
therefore,  that  the  expected  French  minister 
should  not  be  received  in  an  unqualified  manner. 
The  .secretary  of  State  on  the  other  hand  was  of 
opinion,  tliat  the  Revolution  in  France  liad  pro- 
duced no  change  in  the  relations  between  the  two 
countries,  and  could  not  weaken  the  obligation  of 
treaties;  and  this  opinion  was  embraced  by 
Washington.  The  advice  of  Hamilton  was  fol- 
lowed in  regard  to  the  insurrection  in  Pennsylva- 
nia in  1794,  and  such  a  detachment  was  sent  out 


which  it  would  liave  been  more  hononiljle  to  his 
character  to  have  left  in  oblivion.  This  was  an 
adulterous  connection  with  a  Mrs.  Reynolds,  while 
he  was  secretary  of  the  treasury.  When  a  j)ro- 
visional  army  was  raised  in  179S,  in  consequence 
of  the  injuries  and  demands  of  Franco,  Washing- 
ton suspended  his  acceptance  of  the  command  of 
it  on  the  condition,  that  Hamilton  should  be  his 
associate  and  the  second  Iti  command.  This 
arrangement  was  accordingly  made.  After  the 
adjustment  of  our  dis])ute  with  the  French  repub- 
lic, ami  the  discharge  of  the  army  in  the  summer 
of  1800,  he  returned  again  to  his  profession  in 
the  city  of  New  York.  In  this  place  he  passed 
the  remainder  of  his  days. 

In  June,  1804,  Col.  Burr,  vice  president   of  the 
United  States,  addressed  a  letter  to  Hamilton, 
requiring  his  acknowledgment  or  denial  of  the  use 
of  any  ex])ression  derogatory  to  the  honor  of  the 
former.     This  demand  was  deemed  inadmissible, 
and  a  duel  was  the  consequence.     After  the  close 
of  the  circuit  court,  the  parties  met  at  Hoboken, 
July  11th,  and  Hamilton  fell  on  the  same  spot, 
where  his  son  I'liili;:,  aged  19,  three  years  before 
had  fallen,  in  obedience  to  the  same  ])rinci|)le  of 
honor,  and  in  the  same  violation  of  the  laws  of 
God  and  of  man.     He  was  carried  into  the  city, 
and,  lieing  desirous  of  receiving  the  sacrament  of 
the  Lord's  sujjpcr,  he  immediately  sent  for  Dr.  Ma- 
son.    As  the  i)rinei])les  of  his  church  proliibited 
him  from  administering  the  ordinance  in  ])rivate, 
this  minister  of  the  gospel  informed  Hamilton,  that 
the  sacrament  was  an  exhil)ition  and  pledge  of  the 
mercies,  which  the  Son  of   God  has  purchased, 
and  that  the  absence  of  the  sign  did  not  exclude 
from  the  mercies  signified,  which  were  accessilde 
to  him  by  faith    in  their  gracious  Author.     He 
re]ilied,  "  I  am  aware  of  that.     It  is  only  as  a 
sign   that   I  wanted   it."      In   the   conversation 
which  ensued,  he  disavowed  iiil  intention  of  tak- 
ing the  life  of  Col.  Burr,  and  declared  his  abhor- 
rence of  the  whole  transaction.     When  the  sin, 
of  which  he  had  lieen  guilty,  was   intimated  to 
him,  he  assented  with  strong  emotion;  and  when 
the  infinite  merit  of  the  Redeemer,  as  the  ])ropi- 
tiation  for  sin,  the  sole  ground  of  om- acceptance 
with  God,  was  suggested,  he  said  with  emphasis, 
"I  hare  a  tender  reliance  on  the  mercy  of  the 


under  his  own  command,  that  it  was  sujipressed    .Mmighty  through  the  merits  of  tlu;  Lord  Jesus 


without  effusion  of  blood.  He  remained  but  a 
short  time  afterwards  in  ollice.  As  his  projierly 
luid  been  wasted  in  the  public  service,  the  care  of 
a  rising  family  made  it  his  duty  to  retire,  that  by 
renewed  exertions  in  his  profession  he  might 
l)rovide  for  their  supjjort.  He  accordingly  re- 
signed his  ofHce  on  the  last  of  Jan.,  179j,  and 
was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Wolcott.     Not  long  after 


Christ."  Bishop  Moor  was  afterwards  sent  for, 
and,  after  making  -iuitable  in(|uiries  of  the  peni- 
tence aiul  faith  of  (ieu.  Hamilton,  and  receiving 
his  assurance,  that  he  woidd  never  again,  if  re- 
stored to  health,  be  engaged  in  a  similar  transac- 
tion, but  would  emjiloy  all  his  influence  in  society 
to  discomitenance  the  barbarous  custom,  admin- 
istered to  him  the  communion.     After  this  his 


)  II 


this  period,  as  he  Avas  accused  of  ])eculation,  he  !  mind  was  composed.     Like  his  antagonist,  Mr. 
was  induced  to  repel  the  choi'gc,  and  in  doing  this  |  Burr,  he  was  small  in  person  and  short  in  stature. 
52 


410 


HAMILTON. 


k 


His  widow,  Elizahclli,  a  daiif^htcr  of  Con.  Schuy- 
ler, died  at  Wasliiiiji;t()ii  Nov.  0,  1H5I,  aj^cd  97. 

In  aKsi<,'iiiiii;  the  reasons  for  accfi)tinf,'  tlii'  chal- 
lenge of  Col.  Hurr,  while  ho  seems  to  intimate  his 
apprehensions  that  the  debility  of  the  general 
government  would  bo  followed  l)y  eonvidNions,  he 
ulso  alludes  to  the  demand,  which,  ia  such  an 
event,  might  he  made  upon  his  military  talents. 
His  words  arc,  "the  abilily  to  lie  in  future  useful, 
whether  in  resisting  mischief  or  ellecling  good,in 
♦hose  crises  of    our    jiublic   affairs,  which  seem 
liliely  to  hai)])eti,  would  ])r(;bably  be  inseparable 
from  a  conformity  with  jniblic  jinjudice  in  this 
particular."    AVith  all  his  jn'c-emineuce  of  talents 
he  is  yet  a  melancholy  jjroof  of  the  inlluence, 
wliich  intercourse  with  a  de])ravod  world  has  in 
perverting  the  judgment.     In  jirincijde  he  was 
opposed  to  duelling,  his  conscience  was  not  hard- 
ened, and  he  was  not  indili'erent  to  the  ha])])iness 
of  liis  wife  and  children ;    but  no  consideration 
was  strong  enough  to  jjrevent  him  from  exposing 
his  life  in  single  combat.     His  own  views  of  use- 
fuhiess  were  followed,  in  contrariety  to  the  injunc- 
tions of  his  Maker  and  Judge.     lie  had  been  for 
some  time  convinced  of  the  truth  of  Christianity, 
and  it  was   his  intention,  if  his  life   had  been 
spared,  to  have  written  a  work  ujjon  its  evidences. 
He   published   the  letters  of   I'hocion,  which 
were  in  favor  of  the  loyalists  after  the  jjcace,  in 
two  pamphlets,  1784.      The  Federalist,  a  scries 
of  essays,  which,  under  the  signature  of  l'ul)lius, 
appeared  in  the  jjublic  pajiers  in  the  interval  be- 
tween the  jjublication  and  the  adojjtion  of  the 
constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  which  was 
designed  to  elucidate  and  supjiort  its  jjrinciples, 
was  written  by  him  in  conjunction  with  Mr.  Jay 
and  Mr.  Madison.    The  Was'hington  City  Gazette, 
Dec.  22,  1817,  states  indirectly  on  the  authority 
of  Mr.  Madison  himself,  that  Hamilton  wrote  all 
the  numbers  excepting  Numbers  2, 3, 4, 0,and  04, 
which  were  written  by  Jlr.  Jay ;  and  Numbers 
10,  14,  17,  18,  19,  21,37  to  58  inclusive.  C2  and 
63,  which  were  written  by  Mr.  Madison.    This 
work  has  been  published  in  two  volumes,  and  is 
held  in  the  highest  estimation.    His  reports  while 
secretary  of  the  treasury  are  very  long,  and  dis- 
play great  powers  of  mind.     Some  of  them  are 
preserved  in  the  American  museum.    In  the  re- 
port u])on  the  manufactures  he  controverts  the 
principles  of  Adam  Smith.     In  the  papers  signed 
Paciticus,  written  in  171)3,  while  he  justified  the 
proclamation  of  neutrality,  he  also  supported  his 
ophiion,  that  we  were  absolved  from  tlie  obliga- 
tion of  our  treaties  with  Franco,  and  that  justice 
was  on  the  side  of  the  coalition  of  the  European 
powers  for  the  re-establishment  of  the  French 
monarchy.    A  scries  of  essays  in  defence  of  the 
British  treaty,  under  the  signature  of  Camillus, 
was  written  by  him  in  the  summer  of  1795.    He 
published  also  observations  ou  certain  documents, 


HAMLIN. 

etc.,  being  a  defence  of  himself  against  the  charge 
of  peculation,  1797  i  the  stand,  or  essays  ^iglKd 
Titus  Manlius,  designed  to  awaken  this  country 
to  a  sense  of  its  danger  from  I' ranee,  17!)Sj  and 
a  letter  concerning  the  puldic  conduct  aiul  eliar- 
■icter  of  his  excelh  ncy  John  Adams,  ], resident  of 
the  United  States,  1800.  In  this  letter  he  en- 
deavors to  show,  that  the  venoiable  |)atriot,  who 
was  more  disposed  than  himself  to  maintain  j.eace 
with  France,  was  unworthy  of  being  roi)laced  in 
the  high  station,  whieh  he  occu|)ied.  His  writ- 
ings were  collected  and  jiublished  in  three  vols. 
1810.  —  MunoHs  Oral,  an  liixdcafh;  Kolt'.i  1)1,1- 
coursc  J  Muvfis'  Fun.  Oruliou  ;  Ulin'  EuUkjij  ; 
Amen'  tikdch;  Marshall,  V.  131,300-300,007- 
011 ;  Life  1)1/  Heiiwich;  and  his  Son. 

HAMILTON,  Fail,  secretary  of  the  navy  of 
the  United  States,  was  the  governor  of  South 
Carolina  from  1804  to  1800,  when  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Charles  Finckney.  He  was  secretary 
of  the  navy  in  the  administration  of  Mr.  Madison 
from  1809  to  1813;  and  he  died  at  Beaufort 
June  30,  1810.  He  was  a  patriot  of  the  llevolu- 
tion. 

HAMILTON,  A-NDiiEW,  major,  died  in  Abbe- 
ville district,  South  Carolina,  Jan.  17,  1835,  aged 
94. 

HAMILTON,  Samukl  R.,  a  prominent  lawyer 
in  New  Jersey  died  at  Trenton  Aug.  14,  1850, 
aged  OG. 

HAMILTON,  Elizabeth,  widow  of  Gen  Alex- 
andor  11.,  died  in  AVashington  Nov.  9,  1854,  aged 
97,  the  daughter  of  Gen.  I'hilip  S.  Schuyler  of 
Albany.  She  surnveJ  her  husband  more  than 
half  a  century. 

IIAMLIN,  Heniheita  Anna  Loilvine,  a  mis- 
sionary in  Turkey,  was  the  daughter  of  the  liev. 
IJr.  Jackson  of  Dorset,  Vermont,  and  was  born 
May  9, 1811.  Her  little  dying  sister  bequeathed  to 
her, when  an  infant,  her  own  name,  Anna  Loraine, 
sayhig,  "  I  shall  not  want  it  any  longer."  Among 
the  schools  she  attended  were  the  academy  of 
Ilaverliill,  Mass.,  and  the  female  academy  at  An- 
dover.  At  this  last  jjlace  she  formed  a  I'riendship 
with  Margarettc,  daughter  of  Professor  Woods, 
now  Mrs.  Lawrence,  who  has  jiublished  the  me- 
morials of  her  friend.  She  was  married  Sept. 
3,  1838,  to  llcv.  Cyrus  Hamlin,  and  with  him 
sailed  for  Smyrna  from  Boston  Dec.  3.  In  a  few 
weeks  they  reached  Constantinojile,  where  she 
spent  the  remainder  of  her  days,  till  near  the 
close,  the  heli)meet  of  her  husband  in  ceaseless 
toils  and  cares  and  prayers  for  the  advancement 
of  the  kingdom  of  Christ.  In  her  failing  health 
her  husband  sailed  with  her,  Oct.  5,  1850,  for  the 
beautiful  island  of  Rhodes.  There  she  died  Nov. 
14,  aged  39,  leaving  live  daughters.  For  a  knowl- 
edge of  the  high  excellence  of  her  character,  of 
her  intelligence  and  loveliness  and  eminent  useful- 
ness, the  reader  is  referred  to  Mrs.  Lawrence's 


HAMMOND. 


ILVNCOCK. 


4it 


"  mcmorinls,"  a  hook  of  uncquallrd  interest  nnd  I 
value,  wliicli  can  hiiiill)  Ijo  road  without  admira- 
tion, and  tears  of  synijrathy,  and  spiritual  ])roflt. 
AfltT  ti'n  months  ]\vv  remains  were  removed  to 
]\'ra,  at  ("on' tantinojile.  On  her  mnmnnent  arc 
the  words,  —  '•  Peace,  iierlect  iieace!"  Her 
yonnj^esl  diild  sleeps  wit!\  her;  Mary  Van  I, en- 
nep  is  also  buried  there.  I'nmi  the  lu%dit  of 
this  cemetery  the  city  is  seen  and  the  waters  of 
Marmora. 

Dr.  Hamlin,  al^cr  an  ahsencc  of  eijjhteen 
years,  made  a  short  visit  to  this  country  in  liS.jO, 
and  failed  not  to  repair  to  the  village,  where  he 
was  united  with  his  beloved  early  com])anion,  now 
sleeping  in  the  dust  in  the  far  distant  I'era.  lint 
O,  how  chaiif^ed !  The  old  inansion-liouse,  and 
its  tenants,  and  tlic  beautiful  grove,  where  he 
held  conferences  with  his.  beloved,  were  p;one,  as 
he  said  to  the  writer,  his  old  friend  ;  but  the  hifjh 
elm  before  the  door,  and  the  fields,  and  the  moun- 
tains, and  the  he.avens  above  remained.  In  those 
lieavens  he  by  faith  cherished  the  hope  of  meeting 
again  the  dejuirted.  AVithont  this  hope  how 
wretched  were  human  life?  Has  he  not  then 
cliosen  a  good  work,  to  communicate  the  gospel 
to  the  misguided  millions  of  the  east?  As  to  our 
country  villages,  who  can  enumerate  the  excellent 
women  they  have  nurtured  for  the  world's  beiieiit? 

HA^IMOXl),  Wil.l.iAM,  an  early  settler  of 
Massachusetts  in  lOIJti,  died  Oct.  8,  UiG'J,  aged 
94.  Elizabeth,  probably  his  widow,  died  at 
Watertown  KUJO,  aged  00;  she  is  regarded  us 
the  sister  of  AVilliam  Penn. 

H.\.:MM()XD,  ],.wni;\ci;,  died  at  Boston  in 
K'M.  He  was  a  freeman  in  KiOfi;  a  representa- 
tive of  (!harlestown  for  six  years  from  1C72. 
Others  of  the  name  of  Hammond  lived  early  at 
Sandwich.  Iloehester,  and  Hingham. 

HA.MMOXD,  Joiix,  a  Baptist  minister,  died  at 
Coventry,  ]l.  I.,  in  IS  10,  aged  81. 

HA^IMOXl),  Cn.\i!i.i;s,  died  in  Cincinnati 
April  ;{,  IS-IO,  aged  GO.  He  was  a  lawyer  of 
eminence,  and  rei)orlcr  of  the  superior  court  of 
Ohio  As  editor  of  the  Cincinnati  Gazette  he 
was  verv  distinguii<hed. 

HAMMOXD,  Jai!i;z,  D.,  died  in  Cherry  Val- 
ley Aug.  IS,  ISjj  ;  a  member  of  congress.  He 
published  Julitis  Melbourn,  the  jjolitical  history 
of  X.  Y.,  and  the  liie  and  times  of  Silas  Wright. 

HA^H'TOX,  AVaI)!',  brigadier-general,  died 
Feb. -1,  1830,  aged  SO,  at  Columiiia,  S.  C.  He 
served  in  the  llevoUitionary  war;  he  commanded 
at  Pluttsburg  in  Nov.,  1813,  ar.d  made  an  unsuc- 
cessful expedition  hito  Canada,  co-operating  with 
Wilkinson.  He  had  a  plantation  at  Orimu  ])oint, 
seventy  miles  from  Xew  Orleans,  and  in  1820  was 
the  owner  of  four-hundred  .slaves,  and  by  their 
labor  obtained  at  one  crop  tive  himdred  hogs- 
lieads  of  sugar  and  one  thousand  bales  of  cotton, 
said  to  be  worth  100,000  dollars.    His  slaves,  in 


all  about  three  thousand  in  number,  the  cnpfincs 
of  his  wealth,  says  Schoolcraft,  were  scarcely  fed 
or  clothed  in  any  way  bordering  on  humanity,  tho 
common  allowance  for  foo<l  being  one  (juart  of 
corn  a  day.  Is  it  possible,  that  any  man  of  com- 
mon reason  could,  on  rellection,  think,  because  ho 
had  bought  or  inherited  slaves,  that  he  had  a 
right  to  the  unrecpiited  toils  of  his  fellow  men, 
living  in  luxury  on  their  toils,  and  not  even  teach- 
ing tliem  the  gosjjcl  of  salvation,  that  after  the 
extorted  labors  and  miseries  of  tho  present  life 
they  might  cherish  the  hope  of  justice,  and  kind- 
ness, and  happiness  beyond  the  grave? 

H.VXCOC'K,  John,  minister  of  Lexington, 
Mass.,  was  born  in  Cambridge,  the  sonof  Nathan- 
iel, in  lG71,nnd  was  graduated  at  Harvard  col- 
lege in  1GS9.  He  was  ordained  Nov.  2,  1G98. 
After  a  ministry  of  more  than  lialf  a  century,  he 
died  very  suddenly  Dec.  C,  1752,  aged  81.  Two 
of  his  sons;  were  ministers,  one  of  whom,  Ebcn- 
ozer,  was  settled  as  his  colleague  Jan.  2,  1733, 
and  died  Jan.  28,  1710.  Mr.  Hancock  posses.scd 
a  facetious  temi)cr,  and  in  general  his  Avit  was 
used  with  discretion.  Being  a  friend  to  jieaco  he 
exerted  himself,  and  with  success,  to  jireserve 
harmony  in  liis  parish.  By  his  brethren  in  the 
ministry  he  was  highly  respected  and  beloved, 
and  as  he  was  for  many  years  senior  minister  in 
the  county, his  services  were  frequently  requested 
in  ecclesiastical  councils.  He  had  given  the 
charge  to  twenty-one  ministers.  He  retained 
uncommon  vigor  to  the  last.  Some  interesting 
anecdotes  are  hi  Sprague's  annals  of  the  American 
pulj)it.  He  published  the  election  sermon,  1722; 
a  sermon  preached  in  Boston,  1724  ;  at  tho  ordi- 
nation of  his  son,  172G ;  at  the  installation  of 
T.  Harrington,  1748.  — AppJdinCs  Fun.  Servian. 

HAXCOCK,  John,  mhiister  of  Braintree, 
now  (iiyncy,  Mass.,  was  the  son  of  the  preceding, 
and  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1719. 
He  was  ordained  as  successor  of  Josc])!!  Marsh, 
Nov.  2,  172G.  He  died  May  7,  1744,  aged  41. 
Posscsshig  good  talents,  he  apjdicd  with  diligence 
to  the  studies  of  the  ministerial  odice.  During 
the  revival  of  religion  in  America  a  short  time 
before  his  death,  it  was  his  wish  to  guard  his  peo- 
ple against  what  he  considered  as  enthusiasm  on 
the  one  hand,  and  against  infidelity  and  indifl'er- 
ence  to  religion  on  tlie  other.  After  a  life  of  up- 
rightness and  sobriety,  ho  expressed  in  his  last 
moments  the  satisfaction  which  he  felt  in  the  tes- 
timony of  a  good  conscience,  and  looked  for  the 
mercy  of  the  Lord  Jesus  to  eternal  life.  He 
jiublished  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  E.  Quincy, 
1738;  a  century  sermon,  Sejjt.  IG,  1739  j  on  the 
good  work  of  grace,  1743  ;  unqualified  ministry; 
an  ex])ostidatory  and  jiacific  letter  in  reply  to  Mr. 
Gee,  1743;  the  examiner,  or  Gilbert  against  Ten- 
nent,  1748.  —  Guifs  Fiinerul  Sermon. 

HANCOCK,  TuoJLVS,  a  benefactor  of  Ilarvard 


412 


HANCOCK. 


HANCOCK. 


college,  wns  the  son  nf  Mr.  Hancoik,  of  Lexini^- 
ton,  1111(1  (lied  ill  Jiostoii  Aiij,'.  I,  ITOI.  IIU  jjor- 
triiit  lit  full  leii{,'lli  is  in  the  pliilosoiiliy  cliaiiilicr 
of  tlio  tc)lU'(,'t'.  His  ii('])lic\v,  (iov.  Il;iiic(icli,  iii- 
lu'iili'il  ino.st  of  liis  ];r()ii(  ily  ;  Imt  lif  ln'iiui'iitlicd 
1,()()()  ]»)iiii(ls  siciiiii},'  lor  Ibuiiiliii;,' :i  proffssorsliii) 
of  tliu  JIi'l)r('\v  (111(1  ollu'i-  (iri;iilal  liiii;;iiiif,'C'.'s  in 
llarviinl  oollcfjc;  1,0(10  ])()iiii(l.s  to  thu  society  for 
l)ro])iii;ati!i{;  tliu  fj;o.s]i(l  iiiiion;,'  tlii^  IndlanH  in 
North  Anurica;  and  (iOO  iioiinds  to  llie  town  of 
IJoston  toward  crccliiif,'  a  hospital  I'or  the  rece]i- 
tion  of  such  jici'sons  iis  arc  dcjirivcd  of  their  rea- 
son. Steiihcii  Scwall,  the  fust  Hancock  professor 
of  Hehrew  in  the  university  of  C'anilui(l;,'e,  was 
inducted  into  his  ollice  in  ITU  j.  — Aitn.  licy,  for 
17G-t,  IKi;  Ilt.lmca. 

HANCOCK,  Joiix,  LL.  I).,  fjovcrnor  of 
Mass.,  the  son  of  llev.  Jolni  Hancock,  of  Uruin- 
trec,  Ctuiney  parish,  died  Oct.  H,  1  "!)3,  aj^cd  >M. 
He  was  born  Jan.  12,  17.'j7.  He  was  ^'raduated 
at  Harvard  coIlef,'e  in  I7.ji.  On  the  death  of  his 
uncle,  Thomas  Hancock,  he  received  a  very  con- 
sidendjle  fortune,  and  soon  hecaine  an  eminent 
merchant.  In  17CG  he  wa.s  chosen  a  member  of 
the  house  of  reja'csentatives  for  ISoston,  with 
James  Otis,  Thomas  Cushinji;,  and  Samuel  Adams. 
The  seizure  of  his  slooji,  l,iberty,  in  17(!<S,  for 
evading  the  laws  of  trade,  occasioned  a  riot,  and 
several  of  the  commissioners  of  customs  narrowly 
escaped  with  (heir  lives.  As  the  controversy  with 
Great  IJritain  assumed  a  more  serious  shajjc  and 
aifair.s  were  hastenliifj  to  a  crisis,  he  evinced  his 
attachment  to  the  rights  of  his  country.  He  and 
John  Adams  spent  the  night  before  the  battle  of 
Lexington  at  the  house  of  Kcv.  Mr.  Clark.  He 
employed  himself  in  cleaning  his  gun ;  but  Adams 
said  to  him,  clapjiing  him  on  the  back,  "  That  is 
not  our  business,  we  belong  to  the  cabinet."  He 
•was  president  of  the  provincial  congress  in  1774. 
June  12th  of  the  following  year.  Gen.  Gage  issued 
his  proclamation,  oll'ering  jiardon  to  all  the  rebels, 
excepting  Samuel  Adams  and  John  Hancock, 
"  whose  offences,"  it  is  declared,  "  are  of  too  flagi- 
tious a  nature  to  admit  of  any  other  consideration 
than  that  of  condign  punishment."  Mr.  Hancock 
■was  at  this  time  a  member  of  the  continental  con- 
gress, of  which  ho  was  chosen  jjresident  Jlay  24th, 
in  the  place  of  Peyton  Handol])h,  who  was  under 
the  necessity  of  returning  home.  In  this  oflicc, 
as  the  head  of  the  illustrious  congress  of  177G,  he 
signed  the  Declaration  of  Indci)endence.  In 
consequence  of  the  ill  state  of  his  health,  he  took 
his  leave  of  congress  in  Oct.,  1777,  and  received 
their  thanks  for  his  unremitted  attention  and 
steady  imi)artialty  in  discharging  the  duties  of  liis 
office.    Henry  Laurens  was  his  successor. 

On  the  adoption  of  the  present  constitution  of 
Massachusetts,  he  was  chosen  the  iirst  governor 
in  Oct.,  1780,  and  was  annually  re-elected  and 


continued  in  that  olllce  till  Feb.,  178.5,  when  he 
resigned.  In  17.S7  he  was  again  chosen  in  the 
])laee  of  Mr.  Uowdoin,  and  reiniiined  in  the  chair 
till  his  death.  His  adiiiiiiistration  was  very  pop- 
ular. It  was  aiiprehended  liy  some,  that  on  his 
accession  the  dignity  of  government  would  not 
be  siilliciently  inaiiilaiiied  ;  but  his  langtiage  on 
assuming  the  chair  was  manly  and  decisive,  and  by 
his  moderation  and  lenity  the  civil  convuh.ion  was 
coni]iletely  quieted  without  the  shedding  of  blood 
by  the  hand  of  the  civil  magistrate,  ]''ourteen 
persons,  who  received  sentence  of  death,  were 
jiardoned.  In  his  ]iuhlic  speeches  to  the  legisla- 
ture he  acquitted  himself  with  a  degree  of  jiojiu- 
lar  elo(pience,  which  is  seldom  ecpialled.  In  one 
of  his  last  acts  as  governor  lie  sujiported  in  a  dig- 
nified manner  the  sovereignty  of  the  individual 
States.  Ily  a  jirocess  commenced  agahist  Mas- 
sachusetts in  favor  of  William  Vassal,  he  was 
summoned  by  n  writ  to  answer  to  the  jiroseeution 
in  the  court  of  the  United  States.  Itut  he  de- 
clined the  smallest  concession  which  might  lessen 
the  iiideiiendencc  of  the  State,  whose  interests 
were  intrusted  to  his  care,  and  he  supported  his 
ojiinion  with  firmness  and  dignity.  Litigations  of 
this  nature  were  soon  afterwards  precliuled  by  an 
amendment  of  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States.  Mr.  Hancock  is  represented  as  not  pos- 
sessing extraordinary  jiowers  of  mind,  and  as  not 
honoring  the  sciences  very  much  by  liis  personal 
attentions.  But  he  was  easy  in  his  address,  ])ol- 
ished  in  his  manners,  affable  and  liberal ;  and  as 
president  of  congress  he  exhibited  a  dignity, 
imiiartiality,  quickness  of  concei)ti(m,  and  con- 
stant attention  to  business,  which  secured  liim 
respect.  As  the  chairman  of  a  deliberative  body, 
few  could  jircside  with  such  reputation.  In  the 
early  periods  of  his  public  career,  it  has  been  sai'J 
that  he  was  somewhat  inconstant  in  his  attach- 
ment to  the  cause  of  his  country.  Though  this 
representation  should  be  true ;  yet  from  the  com- 
mencement of  the  war,  the  jiart  which  he  took 
was  decided  and  uniform,  and  his  patriotic  exer- 
tions are  worthy  of  honorable  remembrance.  By 
the  suavity  of  his  manners  and  his  insinuating  ad- 
dress he  secured  an  almost  unequalled  popularity. 
Ho  eoiUd  s])eak  with  ease  and  projiriety  on  every 
subject.  Being  considered  a  republican  in  jjrin- 
cii)le  and  a  firm  supporter  of  the  cause  of  freedom, 
whenever  he  consented  to  be  a  candidate  for  gov- 
ernor, he  was  chosen  to  that  office  by  an  undisputed 
majority.  In  private  life  he  was  charitable  and 
generous.  With  a  large  fortune  lie  had  also  a 
disposition  to  employ  it  for  useful  and  benevolent 
purposes.  The  poor  shared  liberally  in  his 
bounty.  He  was  also  a  generous  benefactor  of 
Harvard  college.  His  widow,  Dorothy,  the 
daughter  of  Edmund  Quincy,  married  Capt.  Scott, 
and  died  in  1830,  aged  83.    He  published  an 


HANCOCK. 


TIARPER. 


413 


orntloii,  wliicli  lio  dolivorcd  on  tlio  nostnn  mnssa-  j 
ere,   1771. —  Tlimlii ra   Sci'iiidii  mi    liis  ihuHi  ; 
(hmhm,  I.    ."jOS,   'JIH  ;  II.   iJl  ;  III.   IS-'Jl,  -IDS; 
Jl'</m'«,  I.  212-21 J,  4;j()j  Mi'wt'H  IlUt.  Iinsitr. 
17!»,  IK  I;  lluhiiin. 

H.VXCOCK,  Mautiia  M.,  wifo  of  Itov.  J.  W. 
II.,  niissioiiiiiy  iinioii^  tin"  Sioux  Iiidiciiis,  dii'd  in 
licd  Win^f,  Minncsolu,  IS,"j1.  Sho  was  dauylittr 
of  Wni.  ll()n;,'l:t()n,  of  I'll-      Mass. 

IIANI'OIU),  TnoM.V.^i,  the  first  minister  of 
Norwnlli,  Conn.,  was  ordained  in  lO.J  1,  and  olli- 
ciatc'd  nearly  forty  years.  S.  IJuckingluim  suc- 
ceeded liini  in  l(i!(7. 

Il.\NX.\,  John  Am  mi:,  "general,  died  nt  llar- 
risbur}5,  I'a.,  in  lK(),"i,  a^'ed  i:}.  He  v.as  u  mem- 
ber of  congress,  rej)eate(lly  elected,  lirmly  ut- 
tached  to  the  principles  of  the  Revolution. 

HANSON,  John,  president  of  congress  from 
17H1  to  17N,'{,  was  a  delegate  from  Maryland,  and 
n  distinguislicd  friend  of  his  country,  lie  died  in 
I'rinee  George  county  Nov.  13,  17H3. 

HANSON,  Ai.i:xaM)1;k  Co.vncK,  n  senator  of 
the  United  States,  died  at  Hehnont  Ajiril  23, 
181!),  aged  33.  He  was  the  grandson  of  the  pre- 
ceding, and  the  sou  of  Ale.\.  F.  II.,  chancellor  of 
^Maryland,  who  died  in  1800.  Ho  edited  with 
Mr.  Wagner  the  I'ederal  Republican  at  Balti- 
more. The  ])rintiug  establishment,  after  the 
declaration  of  war  in  1812,  was  attacked  by  a 
mob,  on  which  occasion  Mr.  Hanson's  friends, 
Gens.  Lingan  and  Leo,  were  wounded.  Elected 
to  congress  in  the  same  year,  he  was  a  distin- 
guished opposer  of  the  administration.  In  1810 
ho  was  appointed  a  senator  in  the  j)lace  of  Gen. 
Harijcr.  At  the  age  of  twenty-four,  in  Jan., 
1810,  he  was  guilty  of  the  folly  and  crime  of 
fighting  a  duel,  occasioned  by  political  contro- 
versy, with  Capt.  Gordon  of  the  \m\y. 

IIARBY,  Isaac,  died  in  New  York  in  1828, 
aged  40.  Ho  was  a  literary  man;  was  born  and 
educated  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  A  selection  from 
his  writings  was  publislicd  in  1829.  It  contains 
Alborti,  a  play,  discourses,  and  essays.  —  Cijcl. 
American  Lit. 

HARDENBERGH,  Jacobus  R.,  D.  D.,  first 
jjresident  of  Queen's  college  in  New  Jersey,  died 
in  Nov.,  1790.  He  was  a  native  of  this  country. 
lie  was  not  favored  with  many  advantages  in  the 
early  i)art  of  his  education,  yet  with  a  powerful 
mind  and  habits  of  persevering  application  he 
made  great  progress  in  knowledge.  Ho  was  or- 
dained by  that  ])arty  in  the  Dutch  churches, 
which  was  denominated  the  Cuetus,  and  was  its 
most  distinguished  and  able  supporter.  He  clieor- 
fuUy  exerted  himself  with  Dr.  Livingston  in  1771, 
when  ho  was  minister  of  Raritan,  to  heal  the 
division  of  the  Dutch  churches,  and  a  union  was 
comi)letcd  in  the  following  year.  After  the  char- 
ter of  Queen's  college  at  New  Brunswick  was  ob- 
tained in  1770,  he  was  the  first  president,  and 


died  in  tlint  ofTice.  This  institution  was  designed 
for  educating  young  men  fur  the  ministry.  Jlr. 
Hardenbergb's  \nvly  was  ardent;  his  laliors  indc- 
faligalile;  and  his  ministry  greatly  blessed. — 
('/iiisliiiii'.i  Mill/.  II.  13,  27(1. 

H.\UI)1N,  lii.NMAMiN,  a  member  of  congress 
from  iuiitucky,  from  IHI.J  to  1S,';7,  died  in  |K,')2. 

HAUIOT,  Thomas,  born  iu  Oxlord,  I'.ugland, 
died  in  1(121.  Hi'  iiceonipanicd  Ualeigh  to  Amer- 
ica, ami  i>ublishc(l  an  account  of  the  discovery  of 
Virginia.     It  is  in  Hakhnt,  vol.  3. 

HAItKl'.U,  SAMfi.i..  i)astor  of  a  church  at 
lilackriver,  I'.ast  .Icrsey,  was  settled  about  !7.j2. 
lie  i)ublished  in  17(11,  "I'redcstinalion  consistent 
with  geiu'ral  lilierly;"  in  couse(|uence  of  which 
the  synod  of  New  York  and  rhiliidelphia  exchul- 
ed  him  from  their  l)ody  and  voted  him  to  be  dis- 
(|tiahlied  to  preach.  He  then  [niljlished  an  "a])- 
])eal  from  the  synod  to  the  Cin'i.stian  world,"  in 
17(13. 

HARLOW,  Lydia,  widow,  died  in  ^linot.  Mo., 
Aug.  30,  1810,  aged  103  years,  8  months.  Sho 
was  born  in  I'lymouth,  near  Monimient  ])ond,the 
daughter  of  Isaac  Harlow;  she  married  Ebenezer 
Harlow. 

IIARMAR,  JosiAll,  brigadier-general,  died  in 
Aug.,  1813.  He  in  1781  conveyed  to  France  the 
ratification  of  the  definitive  treaty.  In  1785  he 
was  ai)pointed  colonel  and  commander  of  the 
forces  on  tlie  northwestern  frontier.  In  the  war 
against  the  Indians  ho  marched  Sept.  30,  1790, 
from  fort  Washington,  and  iuul  an  army  of  1453 
men.  His  detachment  had  several  engagements 
with  Indians.  In  the  last  Col.  Harding  was 
defeated,  near  Chillicotho,  with  the  loss  of  Maj. 
Fontaine,  aid  to  the  general,  and  Maj.  Wyllys, 
and  upwards  of  180  men.  The  Indians  lost  120 
warriors  and  300  wigtvams  bm-nt.  After  this 
defeat,  called  Ilarmar's  defeat,  he  returned  to  fort 
Washington :  St.  Clair  was  in  command  the  next 
year.  He  died  on  the  Schuylltill,  near  I'hiladcl- 
phia. 

HARMON,  Jonxsox,  colonel,  n  commander 
against  the  Indians  in  Maine,  was  a  native  of  York, 
and  served  under  Col.  Westbrook  in  his  expedi- 
tion to  the  upper  falls  of  the  Androscoggin  in 
Feb.,  1723;  and  in  Sept.  was  at  Arousic,  under 
Col.  Walton.  In  Aug.,  1724,  ho  and  Col.  Moul- 
ton  proceeded  against  the  Indian  village  of  Nor- 
ridgowock,  and  killed  father  Ralle,  and  dispersed 
the  Indians.  He  resided  in  his  last  days  at  Harps- 
well,  where  he  died  and  where  his  descendants 
remain. 

HARPER,  Robert  Goodloe,  major-general, 
a  senator  of  the  United  States,  died  Jan.  15,  1825, 
aged  CO.  Ho  was  born  near  Fredericksburg, 
Virginia,  in  1705.  His  parents,  who  wore  ])oor, 
emigrated  when  he  was  young  to  Grnmillc,  North 
Carolina.  At  the  age  of  filloen  hojoincd  a  troop 
of  horse  and  served  for  a  short  time  under  Greene. 


I 


414 


HARPER. 


m 


Vi 


AMiilp  n  mi'mlirr  of  I'rinccton  rollopfo,  wliorp  ho 
pnuliiiilcd  ill  ITS,'),  he  was  a  Icatlii'r  iif  oiio  or 
two  oi'  the  li)«('r  ila.sNi's.  lie  kooii  nlU'i'wards 
emliarkcd  I'oi'  Clunloldii,  S.  ('.,  wlicrc  lie  iiirivi'd 
a  Ntranf;cr,  \villi  liiit  a  dollar  or  two  In  liis  pocket. 
A  ftciillciiiaii,  of  wlioNU  son  li(!  had  liccn  tlif 
teacher,  ollered  hini  his  assistance  aiul  l'riends]ii|), 
and  iiitroiluccd  him  to  a  lawyer,  with  whom  lie 
Ktudied  the  profession  of  the  law.  In  a  year  he 
bcfjan  the  practice.  He  settled  in  the  interior, 
and  soon  entered  n])on  i)til)lic  lil'e  and  was  chosen 
n  niemlier  of  coii^fress.  In  that  body  he  hecame 
very  disliiif;nislieil.  He  was  an  earnest  supporter 
of  the  measures  of  A\'ashiii;,'tou,  and  was  known 
as  a  decided  federalist.  .Viler  the  accession  of 
Mr.  Jelfersoii  in  1801,  he  retired  from  coiif^ress, 
and,  having;  married  the  dauffhterof  C  hnrles  Car- 
roll, he  entered  upon  the  ]>ractice  cf  the  law  at 
IJalliniore.  He  was  enijiloyed  in  the  defence  of 
Judife  Chare,  when  he  was  impeached.  It  was 
by  Maryland,  that  lie  was  elccied  a  niemher  of 
the  senate.  In  181!)  and  1820  he  visited  Knf,'- 
land,  France,  and  Italy  with  his  family.  AHer  his 
return  he  eii|,'a;(ed  with  zeal  in  jiromotiiif,'  the 
interests  of  the  American  colonization  society. 
After l)ein^en;;af,'ed  on  the  jirccedinfj  dayiii  a  cause 
before  the  circuit  court,  he  died  suddenly.  He 
had  been  suliject  to  the  angina  pectoris:  having 
breakfasted,  he  arose  from  the  table  and  was 
standing  with  a  news])apcr  in  liis  hand,  when  he 
suddenly  fell,  and  died  before  medical  aid  could 
be  procured.  It  is  worthy  of  remark,  that  he 
had  just  offered  liimself  as  a  candidate  for  elec- 
tion to  congress  m  the  autumn  of  the  next  year; 
so  uncertain  and  vain  are  the  hopes  of  men  in 
regiird  to  the  future.  One  of  the  re])orts  of  the 
colonization  society  contains  an  able  and  long 
discussion,  which  lie  wrote.  He  published  also 
address  on  the  Uritish  treaty,  170(5;  observations 
on  the  dis])ute  between  the  United  States  and 
France,  1797 ;  letter  on  the  proceedings  of  con- 
gress;  letters  to  his  constituents,  March,  1801; 
correspondence  wiih  ]{obert  Walsh  respecting 
Germany ;  address  on  the  lUissian  victories,  1813  ; 
on  the  triiimi)hs  in  Germany;  select  works,  1814. 
—  Enofd.  Americano. 

HAJH'Elt,  William,  died  Oct.  10,  1847.  lie 
was  cliancellor  of  South  Carolina,  appointed  in 
183j;  an  eminent  jurist. 

H.MUHXG'I'OX,  TiMOTiiY,  minister  of  Lancas- 
ter, Mass.,  died  Dec.  18,  179ii,  aged  80.  He  was 
born  in  AValtham;  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1737, 
and  was  settled  in  1741,  pastor  of  the  church 
in  the  lower  Ashuelot,  now  Swanzey,  N.  H.,  from 
which  ])lacc  he  was  driven  by  the  savages  in  1747. 
In  the  following  year  he  was  settled  at  Lancaster, 
whore  he  contiinied  till  his  death.  Mr.  Thayer 
was  settled  as  his  colleague  in  1793.  lie  was 
uncommonly  mild,  aflable,  and  benevolent.  To 
the  poor  he  was  very  liberal.    He  relinquished  to 


HARRIS. 

Aslnielot  the  property  which  he  received  ns  the 
first  miuisler  of  the  town.  .As  a  minister  he  wud 
faithful  and  useful.  He  published  a  century  ner- 
moil,  I7.'i3j  a  discourse  on  the  ill-boding  synij)- 
loins  of  a  stupid  people,  I7.'('!. 

IIAHIIINGTON,  Tliiofiiii.is,  a  judge  of  the 
su]irenie  court  of  Vl.,  died  in  Clan  iidon  in  IHl.'J. 

ILMJltlNfiTOX,  Li;wis,  coiumodore,  died  at 
Washington  Oct.  12,  18,jl,  ag(  d  09.  At  the 
blockade  of  the  Trijmli  he  was  in  the  President ) 
in  1813  he  commanded  tlie  I'eacock,  and,  .\pril 
19,  captured  the  I'.ijcrvier.  In  the  war  he  took 
nineteen  vessels. 

ILVUHIS,  Samii'.i.,  a  Rajitist  minister,  called 
the  ajiostle  of  Virginia,  was  born  in  Hanover 
county  .Ian.  12,  1724.  Removing  to  I'ittsylvania 
CO.,  he  th("re  sustained  various  oflices,  was  colonel 
of  the  militia,  ca])tain  of  Mayo  fort,  and  commis- 
sioner f<ir  the  fort  and  army.  He  was  ba|itized 
about  17.;8.  He  soon  ]ireached  diligently,  but 
was  not  ordained  until  17(i9.  His  ].ious  zeal  met 
the  usual  return  of  persecution.  He  was  once 
jiulled  down  from  his  stand,  as  he  was  jireaching, 
nnd  dragged  by  the  liriir,  and  once  knocked 
down.  Having  much  jirojierty,  he  devoted  the 
greater  jiart  to  charitable  jiurposes.  In  his 
])ower  over  the  affections  of  his  hearers  he  was 
thought  to  be  etpial  to  Whitefield.  The  Virgin- 
ians say,  he  seemed  to  pour  fourth  streams  of 
lightning  from  his  eyes.  His  worldly  oflices  he 
resigned,  as  he  ascribed  to  them  the  diminution 
of  his  religious  enjoyments.  In  1774  the  general 
association  of  sej)arate  Baptists,  wishing  to  re- 
establish the  primitive  order, as  mentioned  Kjihes. 
4:  11.,  chose  Mr.  Harris  ojiusllc,  and  ordained 
him  Iiy  the  hands  of  every  minister  in  that  body. 
No  other  instance  of  such  an  extraordinary  ap- 
])oinlment  is  recollected.  The  following  anec- 
dotes may  illustrate  his  character,  fleeting  a 
jiardoned  criminal,  who  showed  him  his  pardon 
received  at  the  gallows,  he  asked,  "  Have  you 
shown  it  to  Jesus  Christ  ?■"  "  Xo,  Mr.  II. ,  I  want 
you  to  do  it  for  me."  Accordingly  the  old  man 
dismounted  and  kneeled,  and,  with  the  ])ardon  in 
one  hand  and  the  other  on  the  offender's  head, 
rendered  thanks  and  prayed  for  God's  pardon. 
He  once  requested  a  debtor  to  pay  him  in  wheat, 
as  he  had  a  good  crop;  but  the  man  replied  that 
he  did  not  intend  to  j)ay  until  he  was  sued.  Un- 
willing to  leave  jireaching  to  attend  a  vexatious 
suit,  he  wrote  a  receipt  in  full  and  presented  it  to 
the  man,  saying,  he  had  sued  him  in  the  court  of 
heaven  ;  he  should  leave  the  afl'air  with  the  head 
of  church,  with  whom  he  might  settle  another 
day.  The  man  soon  loaded  his  wagon  and  sent 
the  wheat.— nenedict,  n.  330-339. 

HARRIS,  Ti'CKKR,  M.  I).,  a  physician  of 
Charleston,  S.  C,  was  born  in  that  city  in  1747; 
studied  at  I'ldinburgh ;  served  his  country  as  a 
physician  in  the  Revolutionary  war;  and  died 


;  I  il 


HAnnis. 

July  fl,  lS21,ngo(l  7U.  HcMiisiiiiiird  an  rxri'lli-nf 
I'lmru'lcr  and  was  kiinwii  us  a  IVicinl  iil'  rcli^jion. 
He  ])iil)li  hid  Honif  i'«sayH  In  tlic  medical  juiiniul 
ol'  l'luliidcl].liia. —  Tliiiilii'i'n  Mill,  /lliii/. 

llAItltIS,  Wli.i.iAM.  I).  I).,  1  ri'sidi'dt  of  f'o- 
hmiliia  college,  died  in  IS'JU,  aged  abeiit  l.'J.  Hi' 
WUH  liorn  in  Sjiringrield,  Mnvs.  lie  was  first  a 
jjiTacher  in  MaiMelwad,  lii'  iiulilislied  a  h'iiiidii 
on  tlic  death  (if  Mrs.  Itoadsj  n  seniiDii  at  the 
lll'iscopal  CDiivenlioii,  17i(!l, 

IIA11UIS,AM)I!i:\v,  M.  1).,  died  at  Caiilerlniry, 
('i)nn.,  May  '.'S,  IS  10,  aged  o'2,  a  di^tiiigiurhed 
])liysician.  Dying  ot  the  ronsuniiition,  his  last 
days  were  devoted  to  religion,  to  the  study  of 
truth,  and  the  exercisoK  of  I'aith. 

IIARUIS,  Wai,ti;ii,  1).  1).,  niinistpr  of  Dun- 
barton,  N.  II.,  died  ])ec.  li.j,  IMI.'J,  aged  S'J.  He 
was  the  son  of  Nallianlel  of  Lebanon,  C'oini.,and 
nerve<l  three  years  in  the  war  before  he  was 
nineteen  years  old.  His  oidy  brother  fell  in  bat- 
tle. He  bought  him  alarm  in  Lebanon,  X.  H., 
intending  to  be  a  farmer;  but,  becoming  religions 
in  a  revival  there,  he  determined  to  lie  a  minister. 
He  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1780;  studied 
theology  with  Dr.  I'.mnions;  and  was  ordained  at 
Dunliarton  Aug.  '20,  178i).  He  was  an  excellent 
])rcacher  ami  [lastor.  1  le  had  three  wives,  one  of 
whom,  the  nu)ther  of  his  children,  was  of  the 
name  of  Fisher  of  Fraidilin,  Mass.,  and  the  next 
was  the  widow  of  ]lev.  John  Cleveland  of 
■\Vrentliam.  He  published  sermonn  on  the  dcalli 
of  the  wife  of  llev.  A.  liurnliam ;  of  Samuel 
Burnhani!  of  the  third  wife  of  ]lev.  A.  Burnhani, 
181 J ;  of  Mrs.  Morrill;  a  fast  sermon,  17!)0  ;  at 
thanksgiving,  1S!2;  at  the  ordination  of  A.  Burn- 
ham;  of  ]L  Corser;  doctrine  of  decrees  encour- 
agement to  the  use  of  means,  1H14;  on  false 
teachers;  tea  cent  society;  at  Heading;  on  the 
Sabbath;  to  freemasons,  ISi".'] ;  before  the  pasto- 
ral convention,  ISIJL —  .S'/"'".'/"'-'*'  "l"""^'- 

HAltlUS,  John,  judge  of  the  sujireme  court 
of  N.  H.,  died  at  Hopkinton  .\\m\  23,  181j,  aged 
74;  a  graduate  of  Harvard  in  179L 

H All] IIS,  WiLi,i.\M  CoiTiN,  a  teacher,  was 
born  in  Portsmouth  March  17,  1788,  was  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  in  1807,  and  died  at  Portsmouth 
Nov.  22,  18j;j,  aged  Go.  At  Portsmouth  and  at 
Ncwington  he  was  a  distinguished  teacher  be- 
tween thirty  and  forty  years.  He  fell  down  in 
a  fit  in  his  school-room,  and  lived  but  ten  minutes. 
HAKIHS,  TiiAi)i)i:rs  M.,  1).  D.,died  in  Dor- 
chester April  3,  1812,  aged  72.  He  was  a  grad- 
uate of  1787,  of  Harvard,  of  which  he  was  for 
years  the  librarian.  When  he  wan  a  junior 
in  college,  he  needed  some  new  clothing,  and  his 
mother,  in  her  jioverty,  asked  him  to  ju'ocurc  in 
some  way  a  little  money  for  the  purpose.  Going 
to  meet  her  with  a  small  sum,  he  gave  it  away  to 
a  crippled,  hungry  soldier,  who  asked  his  aid. 
As  ho  went  on,  in  great  distress  from   having 


HAimi.SOX. 


415 


no'bing  to  put  into  his  motlicr's  hand';, he  thought 
honiething  adhend  to  the  end  of  hi-,  rmigli  cane, 
cut  on  the  roiul ;  and  lol  il  was  a  gold  ring,  hav- 
ing engraved  on  it,  "(iod  speed  thee,  friend." 
This  sold  for  the  money  wanted  i  the  moral  lesson 
was  iuvahiable.  The  titles  of  his  discoin-se», 
biioli-,  ami  various  wrilii  gs,  contained  in  a  nnum- 
script  m  my  hands,  oceupy  eigiit  folio  ]iage». 
Sonii'  of  them  are  the  nui.-ouic  constitution,  Ito., 
1702;  the  natural  history  of  the  Ililile,  1  v(d., 
1703;  mituir  encyclopedia,  I  vols.  I.S03;  account 
of  Dorchester,  1801  ;  journal  of  a  tour  to  the 
northwest,  Kvo.,  18(),j;  voii.nu'  of  masonic  dis- 
courses; beauties  of  nature  delineated;  liynnis 
for  the  Lord's  suiijicr ;  di-course  at  Plymouth, 
bSOS;  to  the  memory  of  Janus  llowdoin,  1811; 
memoir  of  falher  Basics,  in  the  historical  collec- 
tions; memorials  of  the  tir  t  church  in  Dorches- 
ter, 1S30;  memcu'ials  of  Janus  Oglethorpe,  1841. 
His  ordination  at  Dorchester  was  Oct.  23,  1703; 
and  there  he  spent  the  rcnuiiiiiler  of  his  life. 
There  have  been  in  this  country  liw  so  industri- 
ous scholars  niul  such  voluminous  writers. 

lIAUniS,  TiiADDKis  AVii.i.iAM,  M.  ]).,  lilira- 
rian  of  Harvard  college ,  died  at  Cambridge  of 
dropsy  of  the  chest  Jan.  Ki,  bS.'jO,  aged  00;  the 
son  of  T.  M.  Harris  of  Dorchester.  He  gradu- 
ated in  ISbJ,  and  acipiired  reputation  as  a  physi- 
cian in  Dorchester.  In  I.s31.liewas  chosen  libra- 
rian as  the  successor  of  Mr.  Pierce,  and  renuiliu'd 
in  oltice  till  his  death,  an  assiduous,  faithful  libra- 
rian. He  was  succeeded  i)y  Bev.  John  L.  Sib- 
ley. He  was  highly  skilled  in  natural  liistory; 
as  nn  entonuilogist  he  had  no  equal.  By  his  writ- 
ings he  contributed  to  the  dissemiiuition  of 
knowledge.  His  tract  on  insects  injurious  to 
vegetation  was  jtulilishcd  by  the  legislature.  He 
pulilished  a  discourse  to  horticultural  society,  1832. 
—  lii'.slon  vl(/(V'/7/,sr;',  Julv  Hi,  18ij0. 

HABBIS,  M'li.i.iAM  fiiADDia  s,  LL.  D.,  died 
Oct.  10,  18J4,  aged  28.  'I'he  son  of  Dr.  T.  W. 
Harris,  he  graduated  in  1840.  An  early  ancestor 
was  Thomas  of  Boston,  who  died  1G80;  next 
Benjamin,  Ca])t.  William,  a  teacher  in  Boston  and 
oilicer  of  the  Bevolution,  the  father  of  Bev.  Dr. 
T.  M.  Harris  of  Dorchester,  who  was  the  grand- 
father of  the  subject  of  this  article.  He  pub- 
lished Cambridge  epitajdis,  1845. 

HABBISOX,  IloiiKKT  Hanson,  a  jiatriot  of 
the  Bevolution,  sustauied  the  office  of  chief  jus- 
tice of  the  general  court  of  Maryland.  He  de- 
clined in  1780  the  a])i)ointment  of  judge  of  the 
supremo  court  of  the  United  States,  and  died  at 
his  residence  on  the  Potomac,  in  Charles  county, 
April  2,  1790,  aged  45.  His  talents  were  dis- 
tinguished, and  he  enjoyed  ui  a  liigh  degree  the 
confidence  of  his  fellow  citizens. 

HAllBISOX,  Bkxjamin,  governor  of  Virginia, 
died  in  April,  1791.  He  was  a  patriot  of  the 
llevolution.    His  father  and  grandfather,  hamg 


i 


:•  ^ 


!Si 


4ia 


IIARIIISOV. 


If  ART. 


(II 


tlw  iinmo  of  ncnjiimiii,  livi'd  at  Hi  rlu'Icy,  on  tlic 
Imtiks  of  .Imiiics  liviT,  ill  \icNV  of  the  HCiiporls  of 
I'diTsliiir;^  iiml  Iticliiiumd.  His  fiiilicr,  who  ninr- 
rii'il  till'  (liiii;,'lit(r  of  Mr.  ('iirtci'.Mirvcjor-^'ciicnil, 
MUM  lullid  «illi  Iwoof  Ills  (laii;,'litcrM  liy  iif,'litiiiii(,'. 
Aliou!  IViil  lit' liccaiiii'  a  iiiciiilic  idf  llic  ii';;ishi- 
tiirc,  1111(1  ill  1771  II  iiiciiilicr  ol  (•iiii;,'rc.ss.  in  wiiiili 
lioily  forsi'vcnil  yv.xn*  he  rciidcrcl  itii|iorl:iMt  Hcr- 
viccs.  On  sifjiiiii;,'  the  Mccliiratioii  of  ln(l(']i('li- 
(U'tici-,  liciii;,'  (jiiitc  corjiiilcnljii'  Naid  to  ^Ir.  (jerry, 
who  WHS  slender  iiiid  lliin,  iilh'r  |iiilliii^'  his 
name  to  the  iii'tninieiil,  '•  \\'lieii  the  time  of  Imnj,'- 
hi;;  shall  come,  I  shall  have  the  iid\anla^'e  of 
yon;  it  will  lie  over  wiili  nie  in  a  iiiiniile,  hut  yon 
will  lie  kickiii;;  in  the  iiir  half  an  hour  aHer  I  am 
gone."  In  1777  he  resi};iie(l  his  sent  in  c'on;;ress. 
From  17H2  to  17s I  lie  was  the  ]io]mliir  fjoveriior 
of  Virj,'inia,  and  was  sueeeeded  liy  Henry.  lie 
was  aflerwards  a  niemlier  of  the  ronvetilion  for 
(ido|)tiiif{  the  eonslltulioii  of  the  I'liiled  States. 
]le  died  of  the  ^'oiit,  His  heallli  had  lieen  ini- 
jiaired  liy  his  frvv  iiiamier  of  living,  HIn  wife 
was  ICIizalielh,  diui;,'hler  of  Col.  William  Hassett. 
His  third  son  wasCien.  William  Henry  Harvi.son. 
—  (Iiitiili'if/i'n  l.ii't'S. 

HAItUISO.N',  liiiNj.vMiN,  a  tall  man,  was  n  na- 
tive of  Virf;iiiia,  and  died  in  (ieoi';;ia  in  Ajiril, 
18IK,  ii;;ed  11.  He  was,  hy  aecnrale  nieasure- 
niont,  seven  feet,  two  inches  and  a  i.alf  in  lieijjht. 
II.\UlilS()\,  Jticii.Mii),  an  eminent  lawyer, 
died  at  Ni'w  York  J)ee.  0,  IN:^!),  af,'ed  HI. 

II.\UIUS()\,  Uii  H.Mti),  auditor  and  treasurer 
of  the  I'liited  Stati  s,  died  at  Washin<,'toii  .Inly 
10,  1811,  a;,'ed  !)1.  He  was _  five  years  consul  at 
Cadiz ;  auditor  llfty-five  yoar.s,  ajijiointed  hy 
Washington.  He  was  highly  esteemed  as  a  man 
of  abilities  and  inte;,'rity. 

IlAUniSOX,  Wii.MAM  HicxRY,  ])residcnt  of 
the  United  States,  died  Ajn'il  4,  1841,  af,'e(l  08. 
He  was  horn  in  Charles  City  Co.,  Va.,  Feb.  0, 
177.'J,  heiiifj;  the  son  of  Kenjaniin  II.,  <^overnor  of 
Virginia.  He  was  educated  at  Hampden  Sydney 
college,  lie  received  from  Washington  a  mili- 
tary commission  in  17'J1.  He  fought  under 
Wayne.  After  the  battle  of  Miami  J{  ipids  he 
was  made  cajitain,  and  jilaced  in  coniniand  of  fort 
Washington.  In  1797  he  was  aiipointed  secre- 
tary of  the  Xorlliwest  Territory.  In  17SW  he 
wa.s  a  delegate  to  congness.  IJeing  a]ipointed 
governor  of  Indiana,  he  wa*  also  superintendent 
of  Indian  alfairs,  and  ne;,'olia'ed  thirleen  treaties. 
He  gained  a  great  viut.iry  In  the  battle  of  Tippe- 
canoe, Nov.  7,  1811.  Ill  the  war  with  Great 
Uiitain  he  was  commander  of  the  ncn'thwest 
anny,  and  was  distingiiislied  in  the  defence  of  fort 
Meigs  and  the  victory  of  the  Thames.  In  1810 
he  was  in  congress,  iind  in  18L28  minister  to  the 
rc]niblic  of  Colombia.  On  his  return  he  resided 
at  North  lieiid.  in  Ohio,  uiioii  his  farm.  He  was 
elected  jiresident  by  2oi  votes  out  of  294.     lu- 


diirted  into  his  odlee  Manh  I,  ISIl.hcdiid  in 
one  month.  Among  the  last  nllerances  of  hiw 
lips  he  (•xpre^^ed  a  desire  for  the  |;er|.eliiily  of 
the  constilution  and  the  preservatii/ii  of  its  prin- 
ciples. I'"or  niaiiy  nionllis  he  never  oiiiiltid 
reading  the  Sciijilures  e\er_\  night  before  retiring 
to  rest.  On  the  third  day  of  his  illness  he  spoke 
of  his  long  perMiasion  of  the  Chrisiiiin  truth,  and 
his  ri'fp-ei  that  he  was  not  a  member  iii.d  a  tnni- 
inunieaiit  in  a  ehiircli. 

HAltUI.SON,  l{ii(iiii,  niinistir  of  Tolland, 
-Ma.'M.,  died  in  I8,",;l,  aged  HI.  liorn  in  Itiiinliird, 
Conn.,  he  giailiiali'd  at  Viile  in  17!i2i  was  or- 
dained in  17!)8,  and  dismissed  in  iHiiJ.  He  had 
great  skill  and  power  in  inusie  wiih   his  voice. — 

•S/IIUt/llr'tl  Alllllll.'<. 

H.\Ur,  Wii.i.iAM,  mhiisterof  Saybrook, Conn., 
died  iliily  II,  1781,  aged  71,  in  the  forty-ei^'hili 
year  of  bin  iiiinislr}.  He  was  the  miii  of  IJev. 
.Iiihu  IL,  of  Mast  (iiiilford,  and  was  graduated 
at  Yale  college  in  17.'!l.'  luul  ordained  Nov.  17, 
17.'J'i.  Mr.  IlotchkiNS  was  his  coP.cngiie.  He 
(irsi  gave  the  name  of  Ho|kinlonian  to  certain 
doctrines  which  he  opposed.  I)r.  Hoj  kins  re- 
jilied  to  his  dialogue.  He  jiiiblished  nature  of 
regeneralion,  171'-';  wilh  .IoiiiiiIkiii  Todd,  narra- 
tive of  ])rocee(lings  at  Wallingtbrd,  in  regard  to 
the  settlement  of  J.  l)ana,  17.J!);  remarks  on 
dangerous  errors,  against  the  Ho]ikiiisiaiis,  1770; 
a  dialogue,  and  a  sermon,  which  was  never 
preached  and  never  will  be,  iiga'iist  the  same; 
reniaiks  on  Kdwards' dissertation  on  the  nature 
of  virtue,  1771,  which  was  answered  by  Dr.  Hop- 
kins ;  a  treatise  of  (|ualillcalioiis  for  the  sncra- 
ments,  1772.  —  JJccolion'a  Funeral  Sermon; 
Spraniie'.s  AniKil.i. 

HART,  Joii.N,  first  minister  of  East  Guilford, 
now  Madison,  Conn.,  died  .March  4,  17.'{2,  aged 
48,  in  the  twenty-flitli  year  of  his  niinislry. 
liorn  in  I'arniington,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in 
170.'1;  he  made  the  whole  second  clas.s,  as  N. 
Chaimcey  did  the  first.  The  college  was  then  at 
Killingworth.  He  was  ordained  in  1707.  In 
1722  he  was  associated  I'or  a  time  with  Cutler  and 
others,  who  doubted  the  validity  of  I'rcsbyteriaii 
on'iv.ation.  In  his  last  years  he  had  distressing 
bodily  infirmities.  His  wives,  by  all  of  whom  he 
lia.l  children,  were  Kebekah  Hubbard  of  IJoston, 
Sarah  Hull  of  Hartford,  and  Mary  Hooker  of 
I'arniington.  He  was  an  eminent  preacher  and 
a  humble  Christian.  —  Sjinii/iir'.i  Aiiiidls. 

II.VIIT,  Oi,ivi:i!,  minister  of  Charleston,  S.  C, 
died  Dec.  31,  l'[)6,  aged  72.  He  was  born  at 
Warminster,  Itucks  county,  Penn.,  July  '>,  1723. 
At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  was  imjiressed  with  the 
inijiortance  of  religion,  and  was  baptized.  He 
was  ordained  at  Siuithamiiton  Oct.  18,  174t),  and 
in  the  same  year  went  to  Charleston,  where  he 
succeeded  Mr.  Chaiiler,  and  was  minister  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  that  city  for  thirty  years.    In 


HART. 


IIAUT. 


417 


mull  PNtimofion  won  hin  clinrnctrr  for  patriolimn 
mill  tiilc'iitx  lirlil  !))•  till'  CKuiicil  of  Hufrty  of  Ciiro- 
liiiii,  tli;il  lit  the  lir^iiiiiin^  of  tlii'  Ki'Viiliilioii  lie 
wiiM  iipiioiiili'il  li)  thrill,  nitli  Williiini  'rniiiciit,  to 
viitit  tin-  frontiiTN,  in  onlrr  to  rrroncilc  some  of 
the  (liKiiKcc'trii  iiiliuliitiuils  to  the  rliuii^c  wliicli 
(KTurrcil  ill  |)iililir  alfiirK.  In  I'd),,  ITSO,  the 
Mrnriii  iiitrrcst  wliirli  lit<  took  in  |ironiolin^'  tlii' 
Aincrinui  Ili'voliitloii,  iiiiliici'il  him  to  leave 
t'hiirlesloii,  lent  he  Hhotilil  full  into  the  lmiiiln  of 
the  llritish,  who  were  iihouf  to  liesie^e  the  city. 
In  Dee.  fiiili)wiiif{  he  wiw  Hettleil  at  Hopewell  in 
Now  Jersey,  where  he  remained  till  liiH  death. 

Mr.  Hart  poHHeHned  Htronj^  ])owt'rii  of  mind. 
HIh  imuf,'iiiatii)n  was  lively  and  Ihh  jiiilj^iiienl 
Hoiiiid.  Tlioiif{h  not  fivored  with  a  liberal  educa- 
tion,by  dili;^eiit  Ntiidy  and  liabitunl  reflection  he  be- 
came very  reH])rctali!u  for  his  knowled),'eof  ChriH- 
timi  truth.  He  wu.s  n  uniform  advocate  of  the 
doctrincH  of  free  and  f)overei(j;n  f?racc.  As  a 
preacher  his  manner  was  pleasinj;  and  his  de- 
livery animated.  As  a  citizen  he  was  a  firm  and 
decided  patriot.  He  jioNHesKed  a  liberal  Njiirit, 
and  exhibited  the  beneficence  which  he  recom- 
mended. In  his  last  moments  he  enjoyed  the 
cunsolatinns  of  the  f^ospel,  restinjf  his  ho|)es  upon 
the  righteousness  of  Christ.  He  ])ublished  sev- 
eral sermons  and  tracts,  namely :  dancing'  ex- 
ploded j  a  discourse  on  the  death  of  William  Ten- 
ncnt ;  the  Christian  temple ;  a  circular  letter  on 
Christ's  mediatorial  character  ;  America's  remem- 
brancer i  a  ({osjiel  church  portrayed,  and  a  thanks- 
giving sermon,  1789.  He  had  a  turn  for  poetry, 
and  wrote  much,  though  none  of  his  jiroductions 
were  published.  Many  of  his  pajiers  and  of  his 
best  books  were  destroyed  by  the  Uritisharniy. — 
UiKjcrii'  mill  Ftirman's  DiKcoiirsen  on  Jiis  death. 

IIAUT,  John,  a  patii'i  of  the  Uevolution,  died 
in  1780.  lie  i  the  son  of  Edward  Hart,  of 
Hopewell.  \.  J.  He  was  a  member  of  the  con- 
gress of  1774,  »iid  in  177(1  signed  the  Declaration 
«f  Inde|H'iui(!-  .'.  In  the  latter  part  of  this  year 
his  fiirn  «,is  pdlaged  by  the  enemy  and  his  fam- 
ily il  M  ,.  The  alarm  and  distress  of  these 
oir.ii .  ,,^os  caused  the  death  of  his  wife,  whoso 
luune  was  Scudder.  After  the  evacuation  of  New 
Jersey  he  again  collected  his  family ;  but  his ! 
liealth  was  now  failing  him.  He  in  his  religious 
profession  was  a  Bajitist,  and  sustained  an  excel- 
lent character.  Great  confidence  was  re])i>sed  in; 
the  wisdom  and  judgment  of  "honest  John 
Hart." —  (lomlricli's  Lices. 

HAHT,  Li:vi,  I).  D.,  minister  of  Preston,  Conn., 
MOW  Griswold,  died  Oct.  27,  1808,  aged  IJ',).  He 
was  the  son  of  Thomas  II.,  of  Southington,  and 
was  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  17(50.  While  a 
member  of  college  he  made  a  public  profession  of 
that  religion  which  regulated  his  whole  life.  Hav- 
ing j)ursued  the  study  of  di\inity  for  some  time 
with  Dr.  Bellamy,  whose  daughter,  llebecca,  he 
53 


nf\rrwardn  married,  he  wiw  nettled  Nov.  4,  1702, 

as  the  ininiotcr  of  the  neennd  eliiirrh  in  I'reston. 
Here  he  eontiniied  to  ixrliirni  the  various  diitieii 
of  the  sacred  olllce  until  a  hliort  time  before  hi* 
death.  Kerei\ing  as  the  gill  of  (iod  a  sound 
and  vigorous  mind,  it  was  much  improved  liy  hiit 
scientific  and  literary  aripiisiiioiis.  .Many  younpf 
men  wi're  trained  up  by  him  fur  the  niiiiistry.  ,\» 
he  united  a  keen  iliseerMinenl  of  ehiinicti'r  to  a 
siM'ial  mill  eoniniiiniealive  turn  of  mind,  and  wan 
always  governed  by  the  desire  of  promoting  the 
interests  of  religion,  he  was  very  useful  in  hin 
private  iiitercoiirse  with  his  people,  as  well  ait  iit 
his  pul>lic  laliors.  He  sought  out  the  abodes  of 
afllielion,  of  poverty,  and  of  distress;  and,  wliilo 
he  soothed  the  poor  by  his  conversation,  he  was 
enabled,  also,  by  an  exact  economy,  to  contributo 
something  from  a  small  salary  for  the  relief  of 
their  wants.  His  disjio^itioii  was  placid;  hin 
manners  amiable  and  uiia:4sumiiig;  and  in  thu 
various  relations  of  life  he  was  faitlifid  and  affec- 
tionate, lie  engaged  in  the  support  of  mission- 
ary institutions,  and  the  progress  of  the  gosjiel 
was  the  theme  of  bis  correspondence  with  a  num- 
ber of  res])ectable  friends  of  religion  in  T'lirope, 
He  preaelied  and  published  a  funeral  sermon  for  , 
Dr.  Hopkins,  in  1  (SOU.  He  published  also  a  ser- 
mon at  ordination  of  J.  Itenedict,  1771;  of  J. 
Smith,  1772!  of  A.  Holmes,  1780;  of  W.  I'at- 
ten,  178(i  j  of  A.  Chase,  1787 ;  of  J.  Wilder, 
1790;  a  sermon  on  liberty,  1774;  on  the  death 
of  Mrs.  Woodbridge,  177.>;  of  J.  Huntingtitn, 
1780;  of  N.  Kells,  1780;  of  his  wife,  17N9;  of 
Mrs.  King,  1791 ;  of  Waslungton,  1799;  of  Dr. 
Ho])kins,  180H;  at  election,  178(>.  —  I'annplist 
ami  Misniomiri/  Muijaiinc,  1.  287  ;  l^pratjue'a 
Annah. 

HAHT,  In.\,  minister  «f  Stonington,  Conn., 
died  in  1829.     He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1702. 

IIAUT,  Thomas,  colonel,  died  In  Kentucky. 
His  widow,  Susannah,  died  at  Lexington  in  1832, 
aged  8(i ;  she  was  the  mother  o!' Mrs.  Henry 
Clay,  Mrs.  Dr.  I'riiidle,  Mrs.  James  Hrown,  and 
of  Cajit.  Hart,  who  fell  on  the  river  Kaisin. 

HART,  lJTiii:u,  minister  of  I'lymouth,  Conn., 
died  April  2.1,  18131,  aged  50.  Born  in  Goshen, 
the  son  of  David,  he  became  early  jiious  in  a  re- 
vival in  the  itgion  where  he  lived,  in  1799.  Ho 
graduaved  with  honor  at  Yale  in  1807,  and  was 
lined  in  1810.  More  than  four  hundred  were 
lidded  to  his  church  during  his  ministry,  especially 
in  1812,  1824,  1827,  and  18;jl.  He  was  a  princi- 
1  -A.  writer  for  the  Christian  Spectator.  He  wrote 
.ill  able  tract  on  Presbyterian  ordination.  He  jmb- 
lished,  also,  a  Christmas  sermon,  salvation  for  lost 
men,  1818;  at  installation  of  I).  O.  Griswold;  on 
the  death  of  A.  Gillet,  with  a  memoir,  182(5;  a 
memoir  of  A.  Pettingill,  1834.  —  Sp rogue's  An- 
nals. 

HART,  John,  Dr.,  died  at  South  lieading 


- 


•itL 

I 


n 


418 


HAKT. 


IIASSLER. 


M' 


I  rvi 


April  27,  1836,  aged  84.  Born  in  Ipswich  in 
1752,  the  son  of  John,  a  lawyer  and  noted  musi- 
cian, he  joined  Prcscott's  regiment  in  the  be- 
ginning of  the  war,  and  afterwards,  till  its  close, 
■was  surgeon  of  the  2d  Massacliusetts  refjiment. 
He  settled  at  Heading  in  1782.  lie  rvas  five 
years  in  the  senate,  and  was  a  venerable  jjatriot 
and  a  Christian.  When  chosen  to  a  ])ublic  office, 
instead  of  making  a  treat,  as  was  customary,  lie 
gave  the  money  to  I)uy  books  for  schools. 

HART,  LUTIIEU  W.,  Dr.,  died  in  Marshall, 
Mich.,  Sept.  10,  1812,  aged  Gl.  A  native  of 
Berlin,  and  a  graduate  of  Williams  college,  he 
■was  thirty  years  a  physician  in  Durliam,  N.  Y. ; 
then,  as  a  j)ioneer,  he  removed  to  Marshall.  He 
was  a  scholar  and  a  patron  of  education ;  a  sup- 
porter of  the  institutions  of  the  gospel ;  a  man 
of-  virtue  and  worth. 

HART,  RuTir,  widow  of  Gen.  Selali  II.,  died 
in  Kensington,  Conn.,  Jan.  15,  1814,  aged  101; 
a  woman  of  great  excellence.  Slie  gave  to  her 
own  Congregational  church  1000  dollars,  and  500 
dollars  to  Yale  college  for  a  scholarship  for  pious 
students. 

HART,  Joseph  C,  died  in  Santa  Cruz  July  23, 
1855,  American  consul  at  S.  C. ;  author  of  Marian 
Coffin,  and  other  works. 

HARTWELL,  Bkxjamix,  Dr.,  died  April  17, 
1844,  aged  85,  in  Shirley ;  the  first  physician  set- 
tled in  the  town,  and  the  only  one  for  thirty-five 
years.     lie  was  a  Revolutionary  jjcnsioner. 

HARVARD,  Joiix,  the  founder  of  Harvard 
college,  died  in  Charlestown  Sc])t.  14,  1638,  aged 
about  30.  He  graduated  at  Emanuel  college  in 
Cambridge,  England,  in  1631,  and  was  received 
into  the  church  at  Charlestown  in  1637.  He  had 
been  a  minister  in  England,  and  he  preached 
a  short  time  in  C'larlestown.  He  left  a  legacy 
of  779  pounds  to  the  school  at  Newton,  or  Cam- 
bridge. The  ne.xt  year  the  general  court  con- 
stituted it  a  college.  The  first  president  was 
Mr.  Dunster.  Precisely  one  hundred  and  ninety 
years  after  his  death  a  granite  monument  was 
erected  to  his  memory,  Sept.  26,  1828,  on  tlietoj) 
of  the  burying-hill  in  Charlestown.  On  this  oc- 
casion Edward  Everett  delivered  an  address  to  a 
large  company,  including  tlie  officers  and  students 
of  the  college.  The  exjjense  was  jjrovided  for  by 
the  payment  of  one  dollar  each  by  many  gradu- 
ates. The  monument  is  a  solid  obelisk,  fifteen 
feet  high,  four  feet  square  at  the  bottom,  two  at 
the  top,  weighuig  twelve  or  thirteen  tons,  brought 
from  the  quarry  at  Quincy.  On  the  eastern  face 
is  the  name  of  Harvard  in  high  relief;  beneath  it 
is  an  inscription  in  English  on  a  white  marble 
tablet,  and  on  the  tablet  of  the  west  side,  looking 
toward  the  college,  an  inscription  in  Latin. — 
MagnaUa,  iv.  120;  Everett's  Address;  Hist. 
Cull.  I.  212;  Xeul,  I.  199;  IJulmcs,  I.  247; 
liutchinsoii,i.  90. 


HARVEY,  Benjamin,  died  at  Frankfort,  Her- 
kimer Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  18,  1847,  aged  112 
yoars.  He  was  seventy  years  a  Baptist  nnnister  ; 
and  he  preached  only  a  short  time  before  his 
death.  His  voice  was  strong,  and  his  manner 
animated. 

HASEY,  Is.uc,  first  minister  of  Lebanon,  Me., 
died  in  1812,  aged  about  70.  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1762,  and  was  settled  in  1765. 

HASKELL,  JoNATlLVN,  major,  died  at  Belpre 
in  Dec,  1814,  aged  39.  He  was  born  in  Roches- 
ter, Mass.,  was  an  officer  in  the  army,  and  emi- 
grated to  Ohio  in  ll88.—IIildrct/i. 

ILVSKELL,  Samiel,  died  at  Xew  Rochelle 
Aug.  24,  1845,  aged  about  75.  He  graduated  at 
Yale  in  1790,  and  was  the  oldest  Ej)iscopal  min- 
ister in  the  State  of  New  York,  having  jireached 
his  first  sermon  in  Trinity  church.  New  York, 
fifty  years  before  liis  deatli.  He  was  a  soldier  in 
the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill. 

IlASKEIiL,  Daniel,  president  of  Burlington 
college,  Vt.,  died  at  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  9, 
1848,  aged  64.  Born  in  Preston,  Conn.,  he  was 
a  graduate  of  Yale  in  1802,  then  a  teacher  at 
Norwich.  He  had  a  good  j)upil  in  Mrs.  Sigour- 
ney.  He  was  pastor  at  Middletown  and  Litch- 
field, Conn., and  at  St.  Albans  and  Burlington,  Vt. 
He  was  then  from  1821  to  1824  the  president 
of  the  Vermont  university  ;  but  during  the  last 
ten  or  fifteen  years  of  his  life  he  resided  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Dr.  Cox,  his  minister,  describes 
him  as  a  man  of  theological  erudition,  of  high 
attainments  in  science  and  literature,  of  deep  rev- 
erence toward  God,  and  of  great  strength  and 
soundness  of  mind,  with  one  cxcc2)tion,  that  he 
was  subject  to  a  strange  monomania.  He  imag- 
ined that  he  had  died  in  some  other  world,  in 
which  he  jiroved  a  rebel  against  God,  and  for  his 
rebellion  he  was  placed  in  his  present  abode  and 
was  no  longer  a  probationer  for  eternity.  Hence 
he  would  never  pray.  On  all  other  subjects  ho 
was  sane,  learned,  and  instructive.  'What  cause 
of  thankfulness  we  have  to  God  for  jjreserving 
our  foculties  unimpaired?  He  edited  McCul- 
loch's  geograi)Iiical  dictionary.  He  published  a 
sermon  at  the  ordination  of  11.  S.  Johnson,  1814  ; 
of  R.  A.  Avery,  1824;  a  gazetteer  of  the  United 
States,  with  J.  C.  Smith,  1843 ;  a  chronology  of 
the  world,  1845.  —  ^praijnc's  Annals. 

HASSELTINE,  John,  deacon,  died  at  "West 
Bradford  in  June,  1837,  aged  80,  —  the  father  of 
Mrs.  Judson. 

IIASSLER,  Ferdinand  R.,  director  of  the 
United  States  coast-survey,  died  in  Philadelphia 
Nov.  20,  1843,  aged  74.  A  native  of  Geneva,  ho 
came  to  this  country  about  1810,  introduced  by 
Mr.  Gallatin,  and  was  superintendent  as  early  as 
1816.  His  liigli  attainments  as  a  mathematician 
and  man  of  science,  and  his  faithfulness  were 
universally   acknowledged.      His  survey  of  the 


HASTINGS. 


HAVEN. 


419 


coast  comnenccd  in  1832.  lie  was  succeeded 
by  Professor  Uache.  His  mathematical  and  as- 
tronomical writings  arc  valualilo,  especially  Ms 
papers  in  the  American  philosophical  transactions, 
relating  to  the  coast  survey.  I 

HASTINGS,  Gkougk,  died  at  Chatanooga,  in  | 
Tennessee,  whither  he  had  gone  on  accoiuit  of 
his  health,  Sept.  2,  18j4.  He  was  late  pastor  of 
the  American  Protestant  chaj)el  in  the  city  of 
Home,  Italy.  When  past  speaking  he  wrote  with 
a  pencil,  —  "  The  peace  of  this  last  hour  of  suf- 
fering is  worth  a  life  of  great  privation  in  the 
gosj)el  ministry."  He  opened  his  eyes  in  a.ssent, 
as  they  read  this  to  him,  and  then  closed  them  in 
death. 

HATCH,  Elisha,  died  in  Bristol,  Me.,  in  1843, 
aged  100. 

HATCH,  Nympilvs,  died  at  Leominster  in 
Aug.,  1850,  aged  79.  He  graduated  at  Harvard 
in  1797,  and  was  a  minister  at  Tisbury,  Martha's 
Vineyard,  from  1801  to  1820. 

HATCHCOCK,  Thomas,  died  in  Richmond 
Co.,  N.  C,  April  13,  1818,  aged  125.  He  left 
sons,  aged  93,  87,  and  16. 

IIATHOIIN,  William,  died  at  Salem  after 
ICJl,  described  by  Johnson  as  "  a  godly  captain  of 
rhetorical  volubility  of  s])eech,  much  used  in  pub- 
lic service." 

ILW'EX,  Ell^s,  minister  in  Wrentham,  Mass., 
died  in  1754,  aged  40.  He  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1733,  and  was  ordained  in  1738. 

HAVEN,  Samuel,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Ports- 
mouth, N.  II.,  died  March  3,  1806,  aged  78.  He 
was  born  in  Framingham,  Mass.,  Aug.  16,  1727, 
the  son  of  Joseph,  and  was  graduated  at  Harvard 
college  in  1749.  During  a  revival  of  religion  his 
mind  was  impressed  by  the  truths  of  God,  and 
he  was  a  great  admirer  of  the  i)reaclicrs,  whose 
laliors  appeared  to  be  blessed  by  the  Holy  Spirit. 
He  was  ordained  May  6,  17o2.  His  first  wife 
was  the  daughtei-  of  Dr.  Appleton,  of  Cambridge, 
llis  second  wife,  who  closed  his  eyes,  died  herself 
ill  a  few  hours  afterwards.  They  were  both 
buried  at  the  same  time,  and  twelve  children  fol- 
lowed them  to  the  grave.  Dr.  Haven  possessed 
respectable  talents,  and  was  acquainted  with  va- 
rious dei)artments  of  scienL-".  His  mind  was 
rather  siiiigblly,  than  inclined  tj  :'bstruse  re- 
searches and  deej)  investigation.  Having  paid 
considerable  attention  to  the  study  of  ])hyKic,  his 
usefulness  was  thus  increased  among  his  iieojjle. 
In  his  theological  sentiments  he  was  moderately 
Calvinislie,  though  in  the  latter  part  of  his  11.1'  he 
jiossessed  a  si)irit  of  Catholicism  and  charity  so 
excessive,  as  led  liiin  privately  to  sjieculatc  with 
Dr.  ("luuincy  on  the  sentiment  of  universal  resti- 
tution. IJut  he  never  jiroclaimed  this  sentiment 
from  the  pulpit,  and  he  declared  that  he  never 
meant  to  risk  his  salvation  on  that  ground.  He 
excelled  in  the  tender  and    sympathetic.      In 


scenes  of  affliction  and  sorrow  he  was  a  son  of 
consolation.  On  funeral  occasions,  for  variety, 
copiousness,  tenderness,  and  pertinency  of  ad- 
dress he  was  rarely  equalled  ;  and  he  was  often 
instrumental  in  awakening  the  careless  and  con- 
vincing the  unconvinced.  Uy  his  first  marriage 
to  Mehetabel  Appleton  he  had  eleven  children  ; 
by  his  second  he  had  six  children.  His  sons,  Sam- 
uel, Nathaniel  Appleton,  and  Charles  Chauncy, 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1772,  1779,  and  1804. 

He  published  the  following  sermons  :  at  the 
request  of  ministers  of  N.  II.,  1700  j  on  the 
death  of  George  II.  and  the  accession  of  George 
III.,  1701 ;  on  the  conclusion  of  the  war  and  the 
declaration  of  peace,  1703  ;  at  the  ordination  of 
Jeremy  Belknap,  1767 ;  on  the  death  of  Henry 
Sherburne,  1767  ;  of  B.  Stevens,  1791 ;  the  ever- 
living  redeemer,  1768;  at  Cambridge,  1771;  at 
Mec^eld,  1771;  at  the  election,  1786;  on  the 
reasonableness  and  importance  of  practical  reli- 
gion, 1794;  the  Dudlcian  lecture,  1798;  after  the 
ordination  of  T.  Alden  as  his  colleague,  1800.  — 
BucJani lister's  sermon  on  his  deaih  ;  Sprague's 
Annals. 

HAVEN,  Jasox,  minister  of  Dedham,  Mass., 
died  May  17,  1803,  aged  70.  He  was  bom  at 
Framingham  JIarch  13,  1733,  the  son  of  Moses, 
and  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1754. 
He  was  ordiiined  pastor  of  the  first  church  in 
Dedham  Feb.  5,  1750.  In  his  old  age,  liis  im- 
paired health  rendering  a  colleague  necessary, 
Joshua  Bates  was  ordained  March  16, 1803.  He 
was  furnished  with  talents  for  the  acceptable  dis- 
charge of  the  various  duties  of  the  sacred  office. 
His  discourses  were  very  evangelical ;  he  was 
eminent  in  prayer  ;  and  his  appearance  and  man- 
ners uniformly  accorded  with  his  station.  Be- 
sides several  smaller  works,  he  jjublished  the  fol- 
lowhig  sermons :  on  the  thanksgiving,  1758 ;  at 
the  artillery  election,  1761 ;  at  a  private  meeting, 
1701 ;  at  the  ordination  of  Edward  Brooks,  1764  ; 
of  E.  Ward,  1771 ;  of  M.  Everett,  1774  ;  of  S. 
Palmer,  1792 ;  election  sermon,  1769 ;  on  the 
death  of  Hannah  Iliehards,  1770;  of  Samuel 
Dunbar,  1783 ;  a  sermon  to  his  own  people  forty 
years  after  his  ordination,  Feb.  7,  1790.  —  Preii- 
tiss'  Sermon  on  Jiis  death  ;  Sprague's  Annals. 

HAVEN,  N.VTIJ.V-NIKL  ArPLKTON,  editor  of  the 
Portsmouth   Journal,  died  of  the  scarlet   fever 
June  3,  1826,  aged  30.     He  was  the  grandson  of 
Dr.  S.  Haven  of  Portsmouth,   was   the  son   of 
Nathaniel  A.  II.,  who  was  a  member  of  congress 
in  1809,  and  died  March,  1831,  aged  69.    He  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  hi  1807,  and  set- 
tled as  a   lawyer  at  Port.Muouth.     His  wife,  the 
daughter  of  John  Haven,  survived  with  five  chil- 
dren.    He  wrote  some  pieces  of  poetry,  and  many 
I  valuable  articles  for  the  Journal,  whicli  he  edited 
'  from  1821  to  1825.     He  wrote  also  for  the  N.  A. 
I  Keview.     He  was  a  member  of   one  of   tjie 


420 


IIAVEN. 


m 


churches  in  Portsmouth,  and  for  six  j-cnrs  super- 
intended a  Sabbath  school.  His  remains,  with  a 
memoir  hy  Goo.  Ticknor,  were  published,  1827.  — 
N.  II.  IIi.ll.  Coll.  II.  22!)-235. 

HAVEN,  Sami'kl,  died  in  lloxbury  Sept.  1, 
1847,  aged  7G.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1789,  and  was  a  judge  of  the  county  court,  and 
register  of  jirobate. 

HAVEN  JosKPll,  died  in  Amlierst,  Mass., 
Oct.  15,  18ol,  aged  do.  IJorn  in  Holden,  he  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  in  1810,  and  was  minister  of 
Dennis  from  1814  till  1820,  when  from  ill  heaUh 
he  was  dismissed.  He  l)ecamc  the  minister  of 
Billerica  in  1830,  btit  in  five  or  six  years  was  con- 
strained by  the  state  of  his  heahh  to  terminate 
his  labors  as  a  pastor.  He  v^o  ihe  father  of 
Prof  Haven,  of  Amherst. 

HAVILANl),  JoiiN,  a  distinguished  architect, 
died  in  Philadelphia  March  28,  1852,  aged  CO. 
The  tombs  by  him  constructed  were  praised  for 
their  execution. 

HAWES,  Ayi.ett,  Dr.,  died  in  Culj)epper 
county,  Va.,  April,  1834.  He  liberated  one  hun- 
dred and  ten  slaves,  and  removed  them  to 
Liberia. 

HAWKINS,  John,  an  Indian  chief,  sagamore 
of  Pennacook,  had  the  name  of  Kancamagus,  but 
the  English  called  him  Hawkins,  Halcins,  or 
Hogkins.  He  killed  5Iaj.  Waldron  and  his 
family.  By  Church  his  wife  was  ta];en  prisoner 
in  1C90.  The  following  letter  to  the  governor  of 
New  Hampshire,  ^lay  10,  1685,  is  a  specimen  of 
his  English  learning:  "Honor  governor,  my 
friend,  —  You  my  friend  I  desire  your  worship 
and  your  j)ower,  liecausc  I  hope  you  can  do  som 
great  matters  this  one.  I  am  poor  and  naked 
and  I  have  no  men  at  my  place  because  I  afraid 
allwayes  Mohogs  he  will  kill  me  every  day  and 
night.  If  your  worship  when  please  pray  help  me 
you  no  let  Mohogs  kill  mc  at  my  place  at  Mala- 
make  river  called  Paunldtog,  and  Nuttukkog,  I 
■will  submit  your  worship  and  your  power.  And 
now  I  want  pouder  and  such  alminishon,  shatt 
and  guns,  because  I  have  forth  at  my  hom  and  I 
plant  thcare.  This  all  Indian  hand,  but  pray  you 
do  consider  your  humble  servant  JOHN  HOG- 
KINS." In  another  letter  he  said :  "  If  my  Indian 
he  do  you  long  pray  you  no  put  your  law  because 
Bom  my  Indians  fooll,  som  men  much  love  drunk 
then  he  no  know  what  he  do,  may  be  he  do  mis- 
chief when  he  drunk  if  so  pray  you  must  let  me 
know  will  it  be  done  because  I  will  ponis  liim  what 
he  have  done."  He  called  himself  "  Indian  sog- 
mon."  —  Fanner's  Belknap,  i.  508. 

HAWKINS,  Benjamin,  colonel,  long  a  useful 
agent  for  Indian  affau-s,  died  at  the  Creek  agency 
in  May,  1816.  On  the  settlement  of  liis  accounts 
by  his  brother,  there  was  found  a  balance  due 
from  the  government  of  200,000  dollars.    His 


HAWLEY. 

narrative  of  the  Creeks  was  published  among  the 
jmblic  documents  in  Dec,  1801. 

HAWKS,  John,  nn  oilicor  in  the  Indian  wars, 
commanded  fort  Massachusetts  in  Iloosac,  wlicn 
it  was  ca])tured  in  1740.  After  his  return  from 
captivity  he  was  sent  with  a  flag  to  Canada,  to 
procure  the  release  of  Samuel  Allen  of  Dcerfield, 
of  Nathan  Blake  of  Kcene,  and  of  others.  He  sot 
out  in  Feb.,  1748.  It  was  with  roluctancc,  that  Al- 
len, who  had  resildcd  among  the  Indians  only  eigh- 
teen months,  left  them  ;  nor  did  his  Indian  attach- 
ments cease  in  old  age.  He  rose  to  the  rank  of 
Keut.-colonel,  in  the  war  of  1730. 

IIAAVLEY,  Thomas,  minister  of  Ilidgeficld, 
Conn.,  died  Nov.  8,  1738,  aged  about  50.  Ho 
was  born  in  Northampton,  !Mass. ;  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1709;  was  ordained  in  1713,  and  was 
also  town  clerk  from  1714  till  his  death.  His 
daughter  married  Itev.  N.  Birdseye,  who  lived 
103  years. 

HAWLEY,  Joseph,  distinguished  as  a  states- 
man and  patriot,  died  ^larch  10,  1788,  aged  64. 
He  was  born  in  Northampton,  Mass.,  and  was 
graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1742.  He  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  the  law  in  his  native  town.  In 
this  science  he  became  a  great  proficient,  and  was 
one  of  the  most  distinguished  counsellors  in  the 
province.  Among  liis  other  studies  he  attained 
to  such  an  eminence  of  knowledge  in  poUtical  his- 
tory and  the  principles  of  free  government,  that 
during  the  disputes  between  Great  Britain  and 
the  colonies,  he  was  regarded  as  one  of  the  ablest 
advocates  of  American  liberty.  His  integrity 
both  in  public  and  in  private  life  was  inflexible, 
and  was  not  even  questioned  by  his  poUtical  op- 
ponents. He  was  repeatedly  elected  a  member 
of  the  council,  but  refused  in  every  instance  to 
accept  the  office,  as  he  preferred  a  seat  in  the 
house  of  representatives,  where  his  character  for 
disinterested  patriotism,  and  his  bold  and  manly 
eloquence  gave  him  an  ascendancy  which  has  sel- 
dom been  equalled.  He  was  first  elected  a  mem- 
of  the  legislature  1764.  In  the  latter  part  of 
1770,  Maj.  Hawlay  was  afflicted  with  hypochon- 
driacal disorders,  to  which  he  had  been  frequently 
subject  in  former  periods  of  his  life;  and  after 
this  he  declined  public  business.  A  letter,  which 
he  wrote  in  1760,  i)reserved  in  the  life  of  Ed- 
wards, docs  him  the  highest  honor,  for  it  proves 
him  not  incapable  of  humbling  himself  for  his 
failings.  He  had  been  active  in  effecting  the  re- 
moval of  Mr.  Edwards  from  Northampton,  and 
he  deplores  the  part  which  he  took  in  that  affair. 

HAWLEY,  Gideon,  many  years  a  missionary 
to  the  Indians,  died  Oct.  3,  1807,  aged  80.  He 
was  born  at  Stratfield,  now  Bridgeport,  Conn., 
and  was  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1749.  He 
commenced  his  missionary  labors  in  Feb.,  1752, 
at  Stockbridge.    In  this  year  he  preached  at 


Ml 

iitl 
'III 


IIAWLEY. 

Pittsfleld  the  first  Rcrnion  ever  prcaeliod  there,  I 
in  the  hark-covcred  house  of  Mr.  WiUard.     In  1 
Scptemljcr  he  made  an  excursicm  to  Sehoharie, 
in  the  country  of  tlio  Mohawk  Indians,  and  after 
liiH  return  to   Stockl)rid^'c,  he  opened  liis  school 
a;:;nin  at  the  hef^inningof  winter  under  the  jjatrou- 
agc  of  Mr.  ]'Alward.s.     Here  he  was  the  instruc- 
tor of  the  eliiUlren   of  a  mniiher  of  Mohawk, 
Oneida,  and  Tuscarora  fiimihes,  and  ])reached  to 
them  on  the  Sabl)ath.     It  beinp;  determined  by 
the  commissioners  for  Indian  affairs  in  Boston,  to 
estahlisli  a  mission  in  the  country  of  the  Irocjuois, 
or  Indians  of  the  Six  Nations,  lie  en^ajjed  in  tlie 
jilan.     In  Jlay,  1703,  he  eonimcneed  his  journey 
towards  the  wihicrness,  accomjjanied  by  Timothy 
AVoodljridf^e,  a   }i;entleman  of  abilities,   and  of 
{^reat    iniluonce   anionjj   the    Indians.      Having 
visited  Sir  William  Jolmson  at  his  seat  upon  the 
Mohawk  river,  and  secured  his  ])atronagc,  they 
proceeded  toward  the  head  of  the  Susquehannah, 
adoring  every  night  and  morning  that  kind  Provi- 
dence, which  attended  and  preserved  them  in  the 
recesses  of  the  forest.    On  the  fourth  of  June 
they  reached  the  j)laco  of  their  destination,  On- 
ohoghgwage,  or,  as  it  is  sometimes  called,  Ough- 
quauga,  upon  the  Susquehannah  river.     Here  an 
interview  was  held  with  the  Indians,  who  gave 
them  ,1  good  reception.   July  31,  1754,  Mr.  Ilaw- 
Icy  was  ordained  at  Boston,  that  his  usefulness 
might  be  increased  by  being  authorized  to  admin- 
ister the  ordinances  of  the  gospel.    He  soon  re- 
turned to    Onohoghgwagc,  and   was   there  till 
May,  1756,  when  the  French  war  obliged  him  to 
withdraw  from  that  country.     He  went  to  Boston 
in  June,  and,  entering  as  chaplain  in  the  regi- 
ment of  Col.  Gridley,  he  soon  joined  the  army 
above  Albany,  which  was  destined  against  Crown 
Point.    After  the  campaign  he  made  an  attempt 
to  return  to  the  i)lacc  of  his  mission,  but  was  de- 
terred by  the    dangers  of  the   enter])rise.     A 
church  was  estabUshed  here  by  Dr.  Forbes  in 
17G2.    In  December,  Mr.  Ilawley  went  to  Stock- 
bridge,  where  he  sjjent  the  winter.    In  1707  the 
commissioners  of  the  society  for  propagating  the 
gospel  persuaded  him  to  visit  the  tribe  of  Indians 
at  Marshpee,  whose  pastor,  Mr.  Briant,  had  been 
dismissed,  and  who  were  dissatisfied  with  the 
labors  of  Mr.  Smith.     Here  he  was  installed 
April  10,  1758,  and  passed  the  remainder  of  his 
life,  being  occupied  in  this  place  more  than  half  a 
century  in  benevolent  exertions  to  enlighten  the 
darkened  mind,  and  to  promote  the  salvation  of 
his  Indian  brethren.    In  his  last  sickness  he  ob- 
served :  "  I  have  hope  of  acceptance  with  God, 
but  it  is  founded  wholly  on  free  and  sovereign 
grace,  and  not  at  all  on  my  own  works.    It  is 
true,  my  labors  have  been  many ;  but  they  have 
been  so  very  imjjerfect,  attended  with  so  great  a 
want  of  charity  and  humility,  that  I  have  no  hope 
in  them  as  the  ground  of  my  acceptance."    An 


HAYES. 


431 


extensive  corres])ondence  was  the  source  of  much 
satisfaction  to  him.  As  a  missionary  he  was 
])eculinrly  well  (luiilified,  for  there  was  a  dignity 
in  his  manner  and  an  luithority  in  his  voice 
which  had  great  inHuence  with  the  Indians.  lie 
jmblishcd  in  the  collections  of  the  historical  so- 
ciety biogniphical  and  to])ogra])hicid  anecdotes 
res])ecting  Sandwich  and  Marshj.ee,  and  an  inter- 
esting letter,  giving  a  narrative  of  liis  journey  to 
Onohoghgwagc.  — /'«ho;<//'.s7,  hi.  131;  Hist. 
Colt.  III.  18»-ll)3;  IV.  50-07  i  ^j>r'-j:.cs  An- 
na t.t. 

HAAVLEY,  JAMF.R,  son  of  Kev.  Gideon  H., 
minister  of  Pembroke,  Mass.,  died  in  early  life, 
Oct.  8,  1800,  nged  27.  He  was  graduated  at 
Ilanard  in  171*2;  was  a  tutor  therein  1707-98, 
and  ordained  in  May,  1708.  President  Dwight 
was  at  his  father's  house  when  the  son  was  there 
on  his  dying  bed.  —  J)ici(jht's  Tnicils,  vol.  Ii. ; 
Sprayite'n  Anixils. 

IIAWLEY,  Stkpiien,  first  mil.  ster  of- Bethany, 
in  Woodbury,  Conn.,  died  in  180-1,  aged  about  05. 
He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1759,  and  was  settled  in 
17G2. 

IIAWLEY,  RlTUS,  llev.,  died  at  Farmington, 
Coim.,  in  Jan.,  1826,  aged  85.  He  graduated  at 
Yale  in  1707. 

IIAWLEY,  William  Agur,  minister  of  Plain- 
field,  Mass.,  died  May  20,  1854,  aged  00.  He 
was  born  in  Huntington,  Conn.,  and  graduated  at 
Williams  college  in  1815.  He  studied  theology 
with  Dr.  Catlin,  and  was  ordained  at  Iluisdale  in 
July,  1817.  Dismissed  in  1841,  he  was  in  the 
same  year  installed  at  Plainfield,  and  dismissed 
in  1847.  He  died  in  ])eace  at  the  house  of  his 
son-in-law,  Braincrd  Smith,  in  Sunderland.  He 
was  a  faithful  and  useful  and  successful  preacher 
and  pastor. 

HAY,  George,  judge  of  the  United  States 
court  for  the  eastern  district  of  Virginia,  was  for 
many  years  attorney  of  the  United  States,  in 
which  capacity  he  was  the  prosecutor  of  Aaron 
Burr.  As  a  Virginia  legislator  he  was  distin- 
guished. On  his  return  from  the  Springs,  whitlier 
he  was  induced  to  repair  by  ill  health,  he  died  in 
Albemarle  county  Sept.  18,  1830.  His  wife  was 
the  daughter  of  President  Monroe.  His  political 
writings,  signed  "  Ilortcnsius,"  gave  him  some 
celebrity.  He  wrote  also  a  treatise  against  the 
usury  laws;  the  life  of  John  Thompson;  and  a 
treatise  on  emigration,  1814,  of  which  a  review 
was  ascribed  to  J.  Lowell. 

HAYES,  Joel,  minister  of  South  Iladley, 
Mass.,  died  July  29,  1827,  aged  74,  having  been 
pastor  forty-five  years.  He  graduated  at  Yale  in 
1773.  His  predecessors  were  Griudall  llawson 
and  John  Woodiiridge. 

HAYES,  "William  A.,  judge,  died  of  a  dircase 
of  the  heart  in  South  Berwick,  Me.,  April  10, 
1851,  aged  67.    Born  in  North  Yarmouth,  he 


I 


n 


422 


IIAYNE. 


graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1805,  and  for  n  year 
taupfht  Moor'H  scliool.     For  forty  years  he  prac- 
tised law  in  Uerwiclt.     lie  was  judfje  of  jirolnte. 
IIAYNE,  Isaac,  a  jjatriot  of  the  Itevohition, 
died  Aug.  4,  17H1.     He  was  a  native  of  South 
Carolina.     In  the  bef^innin"^  of  flu;  war  lie  lived 
on  his  plantation,  witli  an  ani])le  fortune  ;  yet  he 
Bervod  as  a  captain  of  artillery,  beiiifj  also  a  sen- 
ator in  the  legislature.     Disgusted  with  tlic  pro- 
motion of  a  younger  officer  over  liini,  he  resigned 
his  commission  and  served  as  a  private  soldier  at 
the  siege  of  Charleston.     At  its  cai)itulation  May 
12,  ITS"  lie  was  taken  jirisoner,  but  was  allowed 
to  ret;       !i  nc  on  parole,  under  an  engagement 
not  to  oear  arms.     In  17S1  he  was  required  by 
the  British  commander  to  bear  arms  or  to  return 
to  Charleston;  he  refused  to  do  either,  but  at 
length  was  induced  to  repair  to  the  city  on  the 
assurance  of  being   allowed  to  return  when  he 
should  engage  to  demean  himself  as   a  Uritish 
subject  so  long  as  a  British  army  occujiied  the 
countrj-.     At  Charleston  he  was  threatened  with 
close  confinement,  unless  he  subscribed  a  declara- 
tion of  his  allegiance  to  the  British  ,^mg,  with  an 
engagement  to  l)ear  arms  in  support  of  the  royal 
government.     He  subscribed  the  declaration,  but 
expressly  objected  to  the  clause  requiring  him  to 
bear  arms,  and  was  assured  that  this  would  not 
be  required.    Thus  he  was  able  to  return  t,o  his 
family,  sick,  with  the  small  jiox.    One  of  his  chil- 
dren was  dead,  and  his  wife  soon  exj)ired.    After 
a  time  he  was  summoned  to  repair  to  the  British 
standard,  in  disregard  of  the  assurance  he  had 
received.    Deeming  himself,  in  consequence,  al)- 
solved  from  his  engagement,  he  joined  the  Amer- 
ican army  in  command  of  a  regiment,  and  in  July, 
1781,  sent  out  a  detachment,  which  captured  Gen. 
Williamson.     For  his  recovery  the  whole  British 
cavalry  was  ordered  out,  and  Col.  llayne  fell  into 
their  hands.       He  was  thrown  into  ])rison  in 
Charleston,  and  soon  ordered  by  Lord  Itawdon 
and  Col.  Balfour  to  be  hanged  for  taking  arms 
against  the  British  governmeiit,  after  he  had  be- 
come a  subject.    The  sentence,  notwithstanding 
various  petitions  and  the  entreaties   of  his  chil- 
dren on    their    knees,  was    executed.      On  the 
morning  of  his  execution  ho  delivered  to  his  son 
of  tliirteen  years  some  papers  to  be  sent  to  con- 
gress, and  added,   "Go,  then,  to   the  place  of 
my  execution,  and  receive  my  body."    Thus  fell, 
in  the  bloom  of  life,  a  brave  officer  and  good  cit- 
izen.   Gen.  Greene  issued  a  proclamation  Aug. 
26th,  saying  he  should  make  reprisals.      Lord 
Ilawdon's  pamphlet  in  justification  of  his  conduct 
was  examined  in  the  first  number  of  the  Southern 
Review.    The  minute  history  of  this  affair,  given 
by  Lee,  particularly  the  letter  of  Col.  Ilayne  to 
Lord  J{awdon    and  Col.  Balfour,  cannot  fail  to 
awaken  strong  feelings  of  indignation  at  the  con- 
duct of  those  officers  who  ordered  liis  execution. 


HAYNES. 

Col.  Hayne  was  not  a  spy,  who  might  he  forthwith 
executed.  He  was  either  a  prisoner  of  war  or  a 
Briti.ih  sulyect.  If  a  jirisoncr  of  war,  he  could 
not  be  executed  for  his  lawful  conduct  In  the  ex- 
ercise of  arms;  if  a  British  subject,  he  had  a 
right  to  a  formal  trial.  The  court  of  inquiry  was 
not  a  court  of  trial.  Besides,  as  he  returned  to 
his  home  in  the  character  of  a  British  subject, 
when  the  country  west  of  the  F.disto,  in  which  ho 
lived,  fell  under  the  jirotection  of  the  American 
arms,  he  could  no  longer  be  considered  as  a  Brit- 
ish siil)ject.  The  effect  of  his  execution  was  to 
sharjien  by  j)ity  and  revenge  the  swords  of  the 
Americans.  —  Lce'.-i  Memoirs,  II.  252-274;  linm- 
sai/,  I.  453-400;  Jlcmcmbramrrfor  1782,  p.  121. 

HAYNE,  RoiiKRT  Y.,  major-general,  died 
Sept.  24,  1^3!),  aged  47.  He  was  born  near 
Charleston,  S.  C,  Nov.  10,  1791.  His  early  ad- 
vantages were  limited  to  a  school  education.  He 
studied  law  with  Langdon  Cheves,  and  soon  took 
a  high  rank  as  a  lawyer.  In  1814  he  was  in  tho 
legislature;  in  1818  he  was  speaker;  and  he  was 
a  senator  of  the  United  States  from  1822  to  1832. 
In  the  "  Union  and  State  rights  convention,"  as 
chairman  of  the  committee  in  1832  he  reported 
the  ordinance  of  nullification.  lie  was  governor 
from  1832  to  1834,  and  in  1837  was  chosen  pres- 
ident of  the  Charleston,  etc.,  railroad  company. 
He  died  at  Asheville,  N.  C.  ^le  was  clear  in 
judgment,  fluent  in  speech,  and  endowed  with  a 
jiersuasive  eloquence.  Few  men  enjoyed  a  higher 
degree  of  public  confidence ;  and  he  was  of  spot- 
less integrity  in  private  life.  His  debate  with 
Mr.  AVebster  in  the  senate  in  1830  gave  impres- 
sion of  his  talents. 

HAYXES,  John,  governor  of  Massachusetts 
and  of  Connecticut,  died  March  1,  1G54.  He  was 
a  native  of  Essex,  in  England,  and  arrived  at 
Boston  in  company  with  Mr.  Hooker  in  1()33. 
He  was  soon  chosen  an  assistant,  and  in  1C35  gov- 
ernor. The  next  year  he  was  succeeded  by  Mr. 
Vane.  In  1636  he  removed  to  Connecticut,  of 
which  colony  he  was  one  of  the  principal  founders. 
He  was  elected  its  first  governor  in  April,  1039, 
and  was  replaced  in  this  office  every  second  year, 
which  was  as  often  as  the  constitution  would  jier- 
mit,  till  his  death.  He  was  distinguished  for  his 
abilities,  prudence,  piety,  and  jiublic  spirit,  being 
considered  as  in  no  resjiect  inferior  to  Governor 
Winthrop.  His  estate  and  talents  were  devoted 
to  the  interests  of  the  colony  of  Connecticut.  He 
paid  strict  attention  to  family  worship,  and  the 
religious  instruction  of  his  children.  His  son, 
Josej)h  Ilaynes,  was  the  minister  of  the  first 
church  in  Hartford;  but  the  name  is  not  new 
borne  up  by  his  des  ndants.  Joseph's  daughter, 
Sarah,  married  Rev.  Mr.  I'ierponf,  of  New  Haven, 
and  died  young,  leaving  a  daughter,  Abigail,  who 
married  Kev.  Josejjh  Noyes.  Tho  governor's  son, 
John,   lived  also  in  Hartford,  and  his  daughter 


HAYNES. 


HEATH. 


423 


Mary  married,  1.  E.  Lord  j  2.  Capt.  Roswcll  Sal- 
tonstall;  3.  I'rcsideiit  Cla]).  Her  d;uif,'htcr,  Mary 
SaltoiiHtall,  married  Col.  "Whitiii}?,  ol"  Xew  Haven, 
in  1"')9,  or  before.  Gov.  Haynts'  dauf,'iiter  Until 
married  Samuel  Wyllis,  of  Hartford,  and  Maljel 
married  James  Uusscll,  of  Charlestown,  Mass. — 
TnimbnlVn  Coiiinctinii,  I.  34,  L'li.'J,  2'Jt ;  Mii;/- 
niiliti,^^-  17;  Ifnti'/iiiison,  l.iil,-l'i,  o,i;  Ifidnirs. 
H.VYXKS,  Ij;mii;l,  a  colored  and  faithful  and 
useliil  minister,  died  Sept.  2H,  18j;j,  aged  70,  at 
Granville,  X.  Y.  Ho  was  born  at  Granville, 
Mas,'.,  and  was  brou};lit  up  by  ])cacon  1).  llosc. 
He  pursued  his  studies  by  the  light  of  jiine  knots. 
After  preachinf;  five  years  in  Granville,  Mass.,  and 
three  in  Torrinjjford,  he  was  for  many  years  the 
much  respected  Congref;ational  minister  of  West 
llutland,  Vt.  j  afterwards  he  preached  three  or 
four  years  in  Manchester  and  eleven  in  Granville, 
N.  Y.  His  wife  was  a  white  woman.  After 
hearing  Mr.  liallou,  the  Univcrsalist,  preach,  he 
followed  him  with  his  famous,  unequalled  sermon 
on  the  words  of  Satan,  "  Thou  shall  not  surely 
die,"  which  lias  been  widely  read.  Ueing  once 
introduced  to  a  Univcrsalist  jireacher,  he  took  him 
by  the  hand,  saying,  "  Well,  you  are  tlie  jier- 
son  who  preaches  that  a  man  may  lie,  steal,  and 
murder,  and  after  all  go  to  heaven  ;  are  you  not  ?  " 
"  No,"  rejilied  he,  "  I  preach  no  such  thing." 
"  But  you  believe  so,  do  you  not  ?  "  was  the  final 
question.  When  the  young  men  of  another  jiar- 
ish  rallied  his  friends  on  their  having  a  "  colored 
minister,"  the  rejily  was : 

*'  Ills  soul  is  pure, 
Allwhito!    Snow  white!  " 

Ho  published,  besides  his  famous  sermon,  one 
at  the  ordination  of  1{.  Parmclee,  1791.  Dr.  Coo- 
ley  published  his  memoirs.  —  Hiiraijiic's  Annuls. 

H.VYS,  Jaoob,  died  in  New  York  June  21, 18  JO, 
aged  79;  high  constable  for  nearly  fitly  years.  Ah 
a  detector  of  rogues  he  had  unparalleled  skill  and 
success.  Such  was  his  memory  of  persons,  that  he 
never  forgot  one  on  whom  he  fixed  his  attention. 

IIAYWAIH),  Lkmuici,,  M.  H.,  physician  in  Cos- 
ton,  died  March  20,  1821,  aged  72.  He  was  born 
in  IJraintrce,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
17C8.  He  was  a  fellow  student  with  Eustis,  under 
AVarrcn.  He  commenced  the  jiractice  at  Jamaica 
riain ;  was  ajipointed  surgeon  in  the  general  hos- 
pital of  the  army  in  177ij;  and  removed  in  1783 
to  Boston.  He  was  an  excellent  jihysician,  and 
from  early  Ufc  a  j)rofessor  of  the  Christian  reli- 
gion.—  T/iarher's  Medical  Diixjniplnj. 

HAYWAIU),  X.VTILLN,  Dr.,  died  at  riymouth, 
Mass.,  June  10,  1848,  aged  84;  long  an  active 
phvsician. 

ilAYWOOD,  Hkxuy,  a  minister  in  Soutli  Car- 
olina, arrived  in  Charleston  from  England  in 
1739,  from  which  time  till  his  death,  in  1755,  he 
was  minister  to  the  Socinian  Baptists  in  that  city. 
He  translated  into  English  Dr.  Whitby's  treatise 


on  original  sin,  and  had  prepared  for  the  press  a 
largo  volume  in  defence  of  Dr.  Whitby  against 
Dr.  Gill,  and  also  a  catechism.  —  Miller,  ii.  305. 

IL\Z.\U1),  I'liKXKZKii,  postmaster-general  of 
the  United  States,  was  a  native  of  Philadelphia, 
and  graduated  at  ]'nnceton  college  in  1702.  In 
17NJ  !ie  succeeded  Mr.  Bache  as  postmaster,  and 
continued  in  ofHcc  until  the  adoption  of  the  con- 
stitution in  1780.  He  died  June  13,  1H17,  aged 
72.  His  daughter  married  Ebenezer  Itockwood, 
of  Boston.  He  pubhshed  a  valuable  work  in  ref- 
erence to  .\merican  history,  which  is  often  quoted, 
namely  :  Historical  collections,  2  vols.,  4to.,  1792, 
1791;  also,  remarks  on  a  rejiort  concerning  the 
western  Indians,  in  2  historical  collections,  iv. 

HAZ.VKD,  Enoch,  Dr.,  died  at  Newport  May 
7,  1844,  aged  72.  For  more  than  forty  years  he 
attended  to  his  profession  with  faculties  unim- 
paired. 

HAZEN,  Moses,  brigadier-general,  a  soldier 
of  the  llevolution,  commanded  a  corps,  called 
"congress'  own  regiment."  He  died  at  Troy, 
N.  Y.,  Jan.  30,  1802,  aged  09. 

IIEALY,  John,  died  at  Baltimore  June  19, 
1848,  aged  83,  for  fifty  years  the  minister  of  the 
first  Baptist  church  in  B.,  and  the  originator  of 
the  first  Sunday  school  in  the  United  States. 

HEARD,  Joii.\,  died  at  Ipswich  Aug.  11, 
1834,  aged  00,  a  man  of  benevolence  and  eminent 
jiiety,  a  senator,  and  one  of  the  electors  of  presi- 
dent. 

HEATH,  William,  major-general  in  the  army 
of  the  llevolution,  died  at  Itoxbury,  Mass.,  Jan. 
24, 1814,  aged  77.  He  was  born  March  2,  1737, 
ai  lloxbury,  of  which  town  one  of  his  ancestors 
was  a  settler  in  103(5,  and  was  bred  a  farmer.  In 
1775  he  was  apjiointcd  jirovincial  brigadier,  and 
also  brigadier  of  the  United  States,  June  22,  and 
Aug  9,  1770.  major-general.  When  the  army  re- 
moved to  New  Y'ork,  ho  commanded  near  King's 
bridge.  In  1777  he  was  intrusted  with  the  com- 
mand of  the  eastern  department  near  Bo,iton,and 
the  prisoners  of  Saratoga  fell  under  his  care.  In 
June,  1770,  he  returned  to  the  niuin  army,  and 
commanded  the  troops  on  the  Hudson,  and  in 
that  station,  for  the  most  jiart,  he  remained  until 
the  close  of  the  war.  In  1793  he  was  ajipointed 
judge  of  prolate  for  the  comity  of  Norfolk.  He 
was  several  times  one  of  the  electors  of  ])resident. 
He  published  memoirs  of  Maj-Gen.  Heath,  con- 
taining anecdotes,  details  of  .skirmishes,  battles, 
etc.,  during  the  Anu'iican  war,  8vo.,  1708.  Not- 
withstanding the  indications  of  an  excusable 
vanity  and  sim|)liclty,  it  exhibits  him  as  an  honest, 
faithful  patriot,  and  presents  many  interesting 
occurrences  of  the  war.  He  says  of  himself, 
"  he  is  of  middling  stature,  light  complexion, 
very  corpulent,  and  bald-headed."  He  was  the 
last  surviving  inaj. -general  of  the  war.  —  Uealli's 
Memoirs. 


424 


IIEB/UID. 


IIENDREN. 


^-'rl 


Mii^ 


IIEBAllD,  Stohy,  tcnchor  of  the  mission  Rrm- 
innry  at  Heyroot,  died  at  Multa  in  June,  18  H, 
aged  3R.  His  health  had  been  poor  for  a  year: 
he  was  on  his  way  to  England.  Horn  in  F,el)- 
nnon,  N.  II.,  he  graduated  at  Amherst  colli'},'c 
in  1828,  and  at  Andover  seminary  in  18;M,  and 
embarked  for  his  field  of  labor  Dec.  3,  I8.'J.>. 

IIEHAUI),  ]{i;iii;rc.\,  missionnry,  wife  of  Story 
Ilebard,  died  at  lieyroot,  Feb.,  1810.  Her  name 
was  llebecca  W.  Williams,  of  l^ast  Hartford. 
She  embarked  for  H.  in  18;)5,  .ind  was  married  in 
1830.  The  scenes  of  her  death-bed  were  strik- 
ing,—  her  exhortation  to  the  llishops  Carabet 
and  Jacob  A,','a,  and  their  i)rayer  for  her;  and 
her  addre^  if  half  an  hour  to  the  boys  of  the 
scmino'y  '  .ig  them  to  the  Lamb  of  God, 
directing  r  .veep-'ng  eyes  to  the  mansions  of 
glory,  she  v,'as  about  to  enter. 

IIECKIJWEIil ^liU,  John,  a  Moravian  mission- 
ary, died  at  Bethlehem,  Penn.,  Jan.  21,  1H23, 
aged  nearly  80.  He  was  born  in  Bedford,  I'.ng- 
land,  March  12, 17-13,  and  came  with  his  father  to 
Pennsylvania  in  17ij4.  He  was  bred  a  eoo])er 
and  joiner.  In  1771  he  commenced  his  benevo- 
lent lai)ors  amongst  the  Indians,  and  was  devoted 
to  their  instruction  for  many  years,  amidst  many 
perils  and  hardships.  Such  men,  and  not  blood- 
stained warriors,  arc  deserving  of  honor,  though 
they  seek  it  not.  In  1780  he  returned  to  Beth- 
lehem. As  lie  had  acquired  a  jjcrfect  knowledge 
of  the  Delaware  language,  and  was  well  acquainted 
with  Indian  affairs,  he  was  rej)oatedly  re(iuested 
by  Washington  to  accomi)any  missions  to  the  In- 
dians for  pacific  jiin-poses.  In  1707  he  went  to 
Ohio  in  order  to  sujierintend  the  remnants  of  his 
Indian  congregation,  to  whom  congress  had 
granted  lands  on  the  Muskingum.  In  1810  he 
returned  to  Bethlehem.  Dr.  Wistar  persuaded 
him  to  communicate  to  the  world  the  result  of 
his  observations.  He  published  correspondence 
with  Mr.  Du  Ponceau  concerning  the  languages 
of  the  Indians,  1819;  account  of  the  history, 
manners,  etc.,  of  the  Indian  nations,  etc.,  in  tran- 
sact, of  hist,  committee  of  .Vnici'ican  jiliil.  soc., 
vol.  I.;  tliis  was  translated  into  French,  1822 ;  eoin- 
munieations  on  the  same  sul)jects,  1822;  some 
pajiers  for  Bartcm's  nied.  journal;  a  paper  on  the 
bird  Nine-Killer,  and  the  big  naked  bear,  iVnieri- 
can  jihil.  tr.  vol.  IV.;  on  the  beaver,  vol.  VI.;  narra- 
tive of  the  missions  among  the  Delaware  and 
Moliegan  Indians,  1821 ;  words  and  dialogues  of 
Delaware  Indians  in  l'l)iladel])lua  historical  trans., 
vol.  I.  He  wrote  also  books  and  jiamjililets  in 
the  German  language,  and  left  many  manuscripts. 
—  Encijr.  Anit'i: 

IIKl')Dl\G,  Elijah,  D.  D.,  a  Methodist 
bishop,  died  April  9,  18*32,  at  I'oughkeepsie,  aged 
72.  He  was  the  respected  senior  of  the  five 
Methodist  bishops. 

HEDGE,  Levi,  LL.  D.,  died  at  Cambridge  in 


1854,  aged  about  74.  A  graduate  of  1792,  ho  was 
a  tutor  and  professor  at  Harvard  thirty-seven 
years ;  jirofessor  of  logic  and  metaphysics  from 
1810  to  1827,  and  Alford  professor  of  theol- 
ogy from  1827  to  1832.  He  jiublished  elements 
of  logic,  1816;  eulogy  on  Josejih  McKean,  1818; 
Brown's  ])hilosophy  abridged,  2  vols.,  1827. 

IIEIIL,  Maitiikw,  bishop  of  the  church  of  the 
United  Brethren,  died  in  Lancaster,  Pa.,  in  1787, 
aged  82. 

HEISTER,  JosEPli,  general  and  governor, 
died  at  Beading,  Pa.,  June  10,  1832,  aged  81. 
He  was  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution. 

IIELYER,  Jo.VATHA.\,  minister  of  Newport, 
R.  L,  died  May  27,  1745,  aged  about  27.  Born 
in  Boston,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1738,  and 
was  ordained  as  colleague  to  T.  Clap,  June  20, 
1 744.  He  was  a  man  of  great  worth  and  high 
promise.  —  Sprar/ve's  Amwl.i. 

H1;MINGWAY,  Jacob,  first  minister  of  East 
Haven,  Conn.,  died  in  1754,  aged  about  70.  Ho 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1704,  was  settled  in  1711, 
and  was  succeeded  by  N.  Street.  He  published 
the  election  sermon,  1740. 

HI'.MMKXWAY,  Pmxjaa,  minister  of  Town- 
send,  Mass.,  died  May  20,  1700,  aged  55.  A 
brother  of  Ralph  II.,  of  Framingham,  he  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1730,  and  wa'i  ordained 
in  1734.  M.  Ilemmenway,  D.  D.,  was  Isis 
nephew.  —  Siniii/iic'n  Aimah. 

HI',MM1:NWAY,  Mosks,  D.I).,  jainister  of 
Wells,  !Me.,  a  descendant  of  Ralph  H.,  who  lived 
in  1034  at  Roxbury,  was  born  in  Framingham, 
and  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1755;  was 
ordahied  Aug.  8,  1759;  and  died  Ajjril  5,  1811, 
aged  aliout  "(i,  having  been  a  minister  fifty-one 
years.  His  wile,  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Jefl'erds, 
one  of  his  predecessors,  died  Nov.,  1824,  aged 
84.  He  was  a  faithful  jjreaclier  and  a  learned  the- 
ologian. His  coutro'.ersies  were  conducted  with 
fairness  and  candor.  He  published  seven  ser- 
mons on  the  obligation  of  the  unregenerate  to 
strive  for  eternal  life,  17C7;  a  pamphlet  on  the 
same  subject,  against  Dr.  Hopkins,  pp.  127, 
1772;  remarks  on  Hopkins'  answer,  pp.  KiC, 
1774;  on  baj)tlsni,  1781;  at  the  election,  1784; 
discourse  concerning  the  church,  1792  ;  at  the 
ordiiiatiini  of  M.  Calef,  1795.  —  Greenlcaf's 
Hketrlii'x,  app.  4-9  ;   Spraijue's  AiiiKih. 

IIEXCHMAN,  Natiiamel,  minister  of  Lynn, 
Mass.,  died  Dec.  23,  1701,  aged  about  03.  Born 
in  Boston,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1717,  and 
was  ordained  in  1721.  He  ])ublishcd  sermon  on 
the  death  of  John  Burrill,  1721 ;  at  the  ordhia- 
tion  of  J.  Varney,  1733;  reasons  for  not  admit- 
ting Mr.  Wliitefield  into  his  pulpit,  1745;  letter 
to  Mr.  Hobby  concerning  Mr.  Wliitefield. 

HENDREX,  John,  D.  D.,  an  aged  minister  of 
Churehville,  Va.,  died  in  Nov.,  185G,  during  a 
session  of  the  Synod,  of  wliich  he  was  a  member. 


HENDRICK. 


HENRY. 


425 


o,  1811, 
fllh-onc 
Jt'tt'erds, 
24,  fiRcd 
ariH'd  tliu- 
uctc'd  with 
;cvcii  scr- 
cnerate  to 
ot  on  the 

lip.  1-'". 
PI).  KiG, 
ion,  17. SI ; 
:  ;  at  tlie 
ecnlcuf's 

of  Lynn, 
;j.  lioin 
1717,  and 
ermon  on 
le  ordina- 
lot  adniit- 
45  ;  letter 
Id. 

ninister  of 
during  a 
member. 


To  his  brethren,  as  ho  was  about  to  die,  he  sent  a 
most  toucbinK  mcsRnge.   lie  was  highly  respected. 

IIENDKICK,  a  Mohawk  chief,  was  the  son  of 
a  Mohegan  chief,  called  the  Wolf,  by  a  ^lohawk 
woman.  He  married  Hunnis,  daughter  of  a  Mo- 
hawk chief.  Ho  was  consuUed  iu  1751,  by  the 
commisHioners  of  Massachusetts,  on  the  project 
of  removing  the  Mohawks  to  Stoekbridge,  to  be 
instructed  by  Mr.  Edwards.  There  were  then 
about  thirteen  chiefs  of  the  tribe  of  the  Caunee- 
yenkees  or  projjor  Mohawks;  seven  living  at 
Caunaujohhaury,  and  six  at  Tewauntaurogo.  The 
other  tribes  were  the  Onciyutas,  of  which  the  vil- 
lage Onohquauga  was  two  hundred  miles  from 
Albany,  the  Tuscaroroes,  the  Quiuquuhs,  the 
Onoontaugas,  the  Chonuntoowaunces  or  Senccas, 
the  three  last  being  chiefly  in  the  French  interest. 
He  attended  the  congress  at  Albany  for  a  treaty 
with  the  Si.\  Nations  in  June,  1754.  In  the  next 
year  he  joined  Sir  William  Johnson  with  a  body 
of  two  hundred  Mohawks  and  marched  to  meet 
Baron  Dieskau.  When  it  was  ascertained  that 
the  enemy,  after  marching  from  the  South  Bay 
to  the  Hudson,  four  miles  from  fort  Edward,  were 
now  advancing  to  attack  Johnson  at  fort  Wm. 
Henry  or  fort  George,  a  council  of  war  was  called 
Sept.  8.  It  was  proposed  to  send  a  detachment 
to  meet  the  enemy ;  when  the  number  was  men- 
tioned to  Hendrick,  he  replied :  "  If  they  are  to 
fight,  they  are  too  few ;  if  they  are  to  be  killed, 
they  are  too  many."  When  it  was  proposed  to 
send  out  the  deto  ent  in  three  parties,  Hen- 
drick took  three  s  .h,  rnd  said:  "Put  these  to- 
gether, and  you  cun't  break  them ;  take  them  one 
by  one,  and  you  will  break  them  easily."  From 
respect  to  his  judgment,  twelve  hundred  men 
were  sent  out,  commai'ded  by  Col.  Williams. 
At  Rocky  Brook,  four  miles  from  fort  George, 
they  fell  into  an  ambuscade,  because  Hendrick 
had  been  too  late  sent  out  as  a  flank  guard ;  and 
in  the  action  the  old  and  valiant  warrior  and 
faithful  friend  of  the  English  was  mortally 
wounded.  —  Holmes,  II.  C3  ;  Dwight,  III.  363  ; 
Mante,  35,  37. 

HENDRICKS,  William,  governor  of  Indiana, 
died  in  Madison  May  IG,  1850,  aged  67.  He 
was  the  first  representative  of  the  State  iu  con- 
gress, governor  from  1822  to  1825,  and  senator 
of  the  United  States.  lie  had  a  strong  mind 
and  strong  attachments ;  he  had  long  been  a  pro- 
fessor of  religion. 

HENING,  AViLLiAM,  presiding  judge  of  the 
court  of  appeals  of  Virginia,  died  at  bis  scat  in 
Chesterfield,  Va.,  in  Feb.,  1824,  aged  89.  He 
was  a  Revolutionary  patriot  and  an  upright  judge. 

HEXING,  William  W.\lki;u,  clerk  of  the 
chancery  court  for  the  Richmond  district,  Va., 
died  March  31,  1828.  With  great  industry  and 
research  be  collected  the  statutes  of  Virginia 
down  to  1792.  He  published  the  New  Virginia 
54 


justice,  called  Hcning's  justice,  3d  ed.,  1820  j 
statutes  at  large,  being  a  collection  of  all  the  laws 
of  Virginia  from  the  first  session  in  161!),  13  vols., 
8vo.,  1823 ;  and  with  Wm.  Munford,  re])ortH  in 
the  supreme  court  of  appeals,  4  vols.,  180'.)-1811. 
He  was  also  the  editor  of  Francis'  maxims  of 
equity. 

HEN^^EPIN,  Lofia,  a  Frencli  missionary, 
was  born  in  1640  ;  embarked  for  (Juebee  in  1675 ; 
and  during  six  or  seven  years  explored  Canada 
and  Louisiana.  In  KiSO  he  was  taken  prisoner 
one  hundred  and  fifty  leagues  froi  the  mouth  of 
the  Illinois,  and  carried  into  the  .  aintry  of  the 
Naudowessies  and  Issati.  He  gave  the  name  of 
the  falls  of  St.  Anthony,  and  the  river  St.  Fran- 
cis. He  published  dcseri])tion  de  la  Louisianc, 
12mo.,  1G83;  the  same  in  Dutch,  1088;  new 
discovery  of  a  vast  country  in  America,  with  a  con- 
tinuation, London,  1698 ;  Nouveau  voyage  dans 
I'Amcrique,  Sept.,  12ni0.,  1711  et  1720.  —  ticlwol- 
craft's  Trav.  Intr. 

HENRY,  PATUirK,  governor  of  Virginia,  and 
a  most  eloquent  orator,  died  June  6,  1799,  aged 
nearly  63.  He  took  an  early  and  decided  part  in 
support  of  the  rights  of  I'.is  coimtry  against  the 
tyranny  of  Great  Britain.  In  the  year  1765,  ho 
was  a  member  of  the  assembly  of  Virginia,  and 
he  introduced  some  resolutions,  which  breathed  a 
8j)irit  of  liberty,  and  which  were  accepted  by  a 
small  majority  ^lay  29.  These  were  the  first  res- 
olutions of  any  assembly  occasioned  by  the  stamp 
act.  One  of  the  resolutions  declared,  that  the 
general  assembly  had  the  exclusive  right  and 
l)ower  to  hiy  taxes  and  imjiositions  upon  the  in- 
habitants of  the  colony.  Such  was  the  warmth, 
excited  in  the  debate,  that  Jlr.  Henry,  after  de- 
claiming against  the  arbitrary  measures  of  Great 
Britain,  added,  "  Cirsar  had  his  Brutus,  Charles 

the  first  his  Cromwell,  and  George  the  third " 

when  the  speaker  of  the  house  cried  out  "  Trea- 
son ! "  and  the  cry  was  echoed  from  every  part  of 
the  bouse.  Mr.  Henry  finished  the  sentence  with 
firm  emj)hasis  — "  ma i/  profit  by  the  cxamjile. 
If  this  be  treason,  make  the  mosc  of  it."  Mr. 
Henry  left  a  paper  for  his  executors,  in  which  he 
sj)eaks  of  the  resolutions  of  17')5,  wliich  closes 
with  these  words :  "  If  they  [the  peo])le]  are 
wise,  they  will  be  great  and  ha])i)y.  If  they  are 
of  a  contrary  character,  they  will  be  miserable. 
Righteousness  alone  can  exalt  them  as  a  nation. 
Reader,  whoever  thou  art,  remember  this ;  and 
in  thy  sphere  practice  virtue  thyself  and  encour- 
age it  in  others."  He  was  elected  hi  1774  one 
of  the  deputies  from  Virginia  to  the  first  congress, 
and  was  in  this  year  one  of  the  coniinittec  w.Mch 
drew  ui)  the  petition  to  the  king.  In  May,  1775, 
after  Lord  Dunmore  had  conveyed  on  board  a  ship 
a  part  of  the  powder  from  the  magazine  of  Wil- 
liamsburg, Mr.  Henr)'  distinguished  himself  by 
assembling  the  independent  companies  of  Han- 


426 


HENRY. 


HENRY. 


over  and  King  'Wlllintn  counties,  nnd  dircctinfj 
them  towards  Willinmsburf^  with  liii'  avowed 
dcHign  of  ohtainiiiff  paynifiit  for  tiie  ])owdt'r,  or 
of  compelling  to  its  restitution.  Tlie  ol)jeet  was 
effected,  for  the  king's  receiver-general  gave  a  'lill 
for  the  value  of  the  ])ro])erty.  The  governor  im- 
mediately fortified  his  jialate,  and  issued  n  proc- 
lamation, charging  those,  who  had  ])rocured  the 
bill,  with  rehellious  i)ractices.  This  only  occa- 
sioned a  number  of  county  meetings,  which  a])- 
plaudcd  the  conduct  of  Mr.  Henry,  and  exjjressed 
0  determination  to  i)rotect  him.  In  Aug.,  1775, 
when  i\  new  choice  of  deputies  to  congress  was 
made,  he  was  not  re-elected,  for  his  services  were 
now  demanded  more  exclusively  in  his  own  State. 
After  the  dei)arturc  of  Lord  Dunmore  he  was 
chosen  the  first  (governor  in  June,  177(j,  and  he 
held  this  office  several  succeeding  years,  bending 
all  liis  exertions  to  j.roniotc  the  I'reedom  and 
independence  of  his  country.  In  the  beginning 
of  1778  an  anonymous  letter  was  addressed  to 
him  with  the  design  of  alienating  his  affections 
from  the  commander-in-chief.  He  inclosed  'J  to 
Washington,  both  to  evince  his  friendship  and  to 
put  him  on  his  guard.  In  another  letter,  written 
a  few  days  afterwards,  when  he  had  heard  of  a 
plan  to  effect  the  removal  of  Washington,  he  says 
to  him,  "  While  you  face  the  armed  enemies  of 
our  liberty  in  the  field,  and,  by  the  flivor  of  God, 
have  been  kept  unhurt,  I  trust  your  country  will 
never  harbor  in  her  bosom  the  miscreant,  who 
would  ruin  her  best  supporter;  but  when  arts, 
unworthy  of  honest  men,  are  used  to  defame  and 
traduce  you,  I  tliink  it  not  amiss,  but  a  duty,  to 
assure  you  of  that  estimation  in  which  the  public 
hold  you." 

In  June,  1788,  he  was  a  member,  with  other 
illustrious  citizens  of  Virginia,  of  the  convention 
which  was  ap])ointed  to  consider  the  constitution 
of  the  United  States ;  and  he  exerted  all  the  force 
of  his  masterly  eloquence,  day  after  day,  to  pre- 
vent its  adoptiini.  He  contended  that  changes 
were  dangcroi  o  liberty;  that  the  old  confed- 
eration had  carried  us  through  the  war,  and  se- 
cured our  independence,  and  needed  only  amend- 
ment; that  the  proposed  government  was  a 
consoUdated  government,  in  which  the  sovereignty 
of  the  States  would  be  lost,  and  all  jjretensions 
to  rights  and  privileges  would  be  rendered  inse- 
cure ;  that  the  want  of  a  bill  of  rights  was  an 
essential  defect;  that  general  warrants  should 
have  been  prohibited ;  and  that  to  adopt  the  con- 
stitution with  a  view  to  subsequent  amendments 
was  only  submitting  to  tyranny  in  the  hope  of 
being  hbcrated  from  it  at  some  future  time.  He 
therefore  offered  a  resolution,  containing  a  bill  of 
rights  and  amendment  for  the  greater  security  of 
liberty  and  property,  to  be  referred  to  the  other 
States  before  the  ratification  of  the  proposed 
form  of  govcrnmeut.     His  resolution,  however, 


was  not  accepted.  The  arguments  of  rendleton, 
Kaiulol]ili,  Madison,  and  Marshall  prevailed 
against  the  eloquence  of  Henry,  and  the  consti- 
tution was  adopted,  though  by  a  small  miijority. 
Mr.  Heiu-y's  bill  of  ri;;hls  and  bis  amendnicntH 
were  then  accepted  and  directed  to  betransniiited 
to  the  several  Stales.  .Sonu-  of  these  anieud- 
nients  have  been  ingrafted  into  the  federal  constitu- 
tion, on  which  account,  as  well  as  on  account  of 
the  lessons  of  experience,  Mr.  Henry  in  a  lew 
years  lost  hi  a  di'grce  his  reimgnnnce  to  it.  As 
he  had  op])osed  the  constitution  with  all  the  force 
of  his  eloquence,  because  endangering  the  sover- 
eignty of  the  States,  his  sujjjiort  of  the  constitu- 
tion afterwards  presents  a  memorable  examjjle  to 
all  the  nuHifiers  of  the  constitution,  —  to  all  who 
would  resist  the  supreme  law  of  the  land  and  en- 
danger the  union.  He  offered  himself  a  short 
time  before  his  death  a  candidate  for  the  house 
of  delegates,  and  in  his  address  said  to  the  peo- 
l)le, — in  consequence  of  some  proceedings  of  the 
assembly,  —  "The  State  has  ipiitted  the  sphere 
in  which  she  has  been  jjlaced  by  the  constitution. 
What  authority  has  the  County  of  Charlotte  to 
disj)ute  obedience  to  the  laws  of  Virginia  ?  And 
is  not  Virginia  to  the  Union  what  the  County  of 
Charlotte  is  to  lie r  J  Opposition  on  the  part  of 
Virginia  to  the  acts  of  the  Federal  Government 
iniint  beget  their  eidbrcement  by  military  jjower. 
This  will  produce  civil  war;  civil  war,  foreign  alli- 
ances; and  foreign  alliances  must  end  in  subjuga- 
tion to  the  powers  called  in.  Pause  and  consider. 
Rush  not,  I  conjure  you,  into  a  condition,  from 
which  there  is  no  retreat."  "  You  can  never  ex- 
change the  i)resent  government  but  for  a  mon- 
archy. If  the  Administration  have  done  wrong, 
let  us  all  go  wrong  together,  rather  than  split 
into  factions,  which  must  destroy  that  union,  on 
which  our  existence  hangs."  After  the  resigna- 
tion of  Mr.  Randolph  in  Aug.,  179o,  he  was  nom- 
inated by  President  Washington  as  secretary  of 
State,  but  considerations  of  a  private  nature  in- 
duced him  to  decline  the  honorable  trust.  In 
Nov.,  1790,  he  was  again  elected  governor  of  Vir- 
ginia, and  this  office  also  he  almost  immediately 
resigned.  In  the  beginning  of  the  year  171)9,  he 
was  appointed  by  President  Adams  as  an  envoy 
to  France,  with  Messrs.  Ellsworth  and  Murray. 
His  letter  in  reply  to  the  secretary  of  State  is 
dated  in  Charlotte  county,  April  16th,  and  in  it  h.? 
Rj)eaks  of  a  severe  indisj)osition,  to  which  he  was 
then  subject,  and  of  his  advanced  age  and  increas- 
ing debility,  and  adds, "  Nothing  short  of  absolute 
necessity  could  induce  me  to  withhold  my  little 
aid  from  an  administration,  whose  abilities,  patri- 
otism, and  virtue  deserve  the  gratitude  and  rever- 
ence of  all  their  fellow  citizens."  Governor 
Davie  of  North  Carolina  was  in  consequence  ap- 
pointed in  his  place.  He  lived  but  a  short  time 
after  this  testimony  of  the  respect  in  which  his 


HENRY. 


IIEXRY. 


427 


tnlcntR  ond  pntrintium  were  helil.    lie  died  nt  I 
lied  Hill  in  ('harlottc  county,     lly  Iiis  first  wife 
ho  liad  six  cliildrcii,  of  whom  two  curvivcd  him  j 
by  his  second  wife  he  hud   six  sons   niid  three  i 
dauj?hterN,  who  Hurviv<'d  him.     Hy  judicious  pur- 
chuses  of   lands   he   left   his   family   rich.     His  | 
widow  married  the  Inte  Judge  Wuiston,  and  died 
in  Halifax  county,  Fth.  1.5,  18.31. 

He  was  a  man  of  eminent  talent ■<,  of  ardent 
attachment  to  hberty,  and  of  most  commandin;j; 
eloiiuencc.  The  Virfjiniana  boast  of  him  as  an 
orator  of  nature.  His  general  apjiearance  and 
manners  were  those  of  a  plain  farmer.  In  this 
character  he  always  entered  on  the  exordium  of 
an  oration.  His  unassuming  looks  and  exjjres- 
sionti  of  iunnility  induced  his  hearers  to  listen  to 
him  with  the  same  easy  ojienness,  with  which  they 
would  converse  with  an  lumest  neighbor.  iSiler 
he  had  thus  disarmed  prejudice  and  jiridc  and 
opened  a  way  to  the  heart,  the  inspiration  of  his 
cloiiuenco,  when  little  expected,  would  invest  him 
with  the  authority  of  a  prophet.  With  a  mind 
of  great  powers  and  a  heart  of  keen  sensibility, 
he  would  sometimes  rise  in  the  majesty  of  his 
genius,  and,  while  he  fdled  the  audience  with  ad- 
miration, would  with  almost  irresistible  influence 
bear  along  the  passions  of  others  with  him. 

In  jjrivate  life  he  was  as  amiable  and  virtuous 
as  he  was  conspicuous  in  his  j)ublic  career.  He 
was  temjierate.  lie  never  uttered  a  profane  ex- 
pression, dishonoring  the  name  of  God.  lie  was 
kind  and  hospitable,  friendly  to  his  neighbors, 
j)unctual,  and  faithful  to  his  promise.  Yet  it  was 
thought,  that  the  love  of  money  was  too  strong  a 
passion  in  his  heart,  rendering  him  exorbitant  in 
his  fees,  and  leading  him  to  jiartake  in  the  profit 
of  the  Yazoo  speculation  ;  and  that  he  was  also 
too  vain  of  his  wealth.  If  this  be  true,  it  will 
detract  from  his  excellence  of  character.  He  said 
to  a  friend,  just  before  liis  death,  who  found  him 
reading  the  Bible,  —  "  Here,"  said  he,  "  is  a  book 
worth  more  than  all  the  other  books  that  were 
over  printed;  yet  it  is  my  misfortune  never  to 
have  found  time  to  read  it,  with  the  proper  atten- 
tion and  feeling,  till  lately.  I  trust  in  the  mercy 
of  heaven  that  it  is  not  yet  too  late."  He  was 
not  a  member  of  any  church.  His  i)rinciplcs  of 
liberty  and  regard  to  Christianity  led  him  to  de- 
jilore  the  practice  of  slavery.  On  this  subject,  in 
a  letter  written  in  1773,  he  inquires  :  "  Is  it  not 
amazing,  that  at  a  time  when  the  rights  of  hu- 
manity arc  defined  and  understood  with  precision, 
in  a  country  above  all  others  fond  of  liberty ;  that 
in  such  an  age  and  such  a  country  we  find  men, 
professing  a  religion,  the  most  humane,  mild, 
gentle,  and  generous,  odopting  a  principle  as  re- 
pugnant to  humanity  as  it  is  inconsistent  with  the 
iUblc,  and  destructive  to  liberty  ?  Would  any  one 
believe,  that  I  am  master  of  slaves  of  my  own 
purchase  ?    I  am  di-awn  along  by  the  general  iu- 


convcnlonco  of  living  here  without  them.  I  will 
not  —  I  cannot  justify  it.  I  believe  a  time  will 
come,  when  an  opportunity  will  be  ofTcred  to 
al)(>lisli  this  liimcntable  evil.  I'.very  thing  we  can 
do  h  toinipnixe  it.ifit  Iiaiiiiens  inoiir  day  i  if  not, 
let  us  transmit  to  our  descendants,  together  with 
oin-  slaves,  a  jiity  for  their  ludiappy  lot,  and  on 
alihorrcnce  of  slavery."  With  what  astonishment 
an<t  indi^'nation,  had  he  lived  till  18,j(i,  would  ho 
have  seen  a  sober  recommendation,  by  un])rincipled 
southern  editors  and  one  governor,  of  the  revival 
of  (lie  Fhive  trade?  In  another  letter  to  Arclii- 
bald  Hhilr,  written  a  few  months  before  his  death, 
after  lamenting  the  violence  of  parties  in  Vir- 
giiua,  and  reprobathig  Trench  infidelity,  and 
manners,  and  politics,  he  adds ;  "  I  am  too  old  and 
infirm  ever  again  to  undertake  public  concerns. 
I  hvc  much  retired,  amidst  a  multiplicity  of  bles- 
sings from  that  gracious  Kider  of  all  things,  to 
whom  1  owe  imceasing  acknowledgments  for  his 
unremitted  goodness  to  me.  And  if  I  were  per- 
mitted to  add  to  the  catalogue  one  other  blessing, 
it  should  be,  that  my  countrymen  should  learn 
wisdom  and  virtue,  and  in  this  their  day  to  know 
the  things  that  pertain  to  their  peace."  Mr. 
AA'irt's  very  interesting  life  of  Henry  was  pub- 
lished, .V.  edit.,  8vo.,  1818. 

HENRY,  Ai,i;xAMii:ii,  a  traveller,  died  at 
Montreal  April  4,  1824,  aged  84.  He  was  bom 
in  New  Jersey  in  Aug.,  1739.  In  17G0  he  ac- 
comi)anied  the  expedition  of  Amherst,  and  was 
present  nt  the  reduction  of  fort  de  Levi,  near 
Ontario,  and  the  sm-render  of  ^lontrcal.  In  de- 
scending the  river  he  lost  three  boats  of  merchan- 
dize, and  saved  his  life  by  clinging  to  the  bottom 
of  one  of  them.  Immediately  after  the  conquest 
of  Canada,  in  his  enterprising  spirit  he  engaged 
in  the  I'ur  trade.  He  visited  the  upjjer  lakes  in 
1700,  and  during  sixteen  years  travelled  in  the 
northwestern  ])arts  of  America,  and  was  in  many 
scenes  of  hardship  and  peril.  He  was  a  man  of 
warm  affections,  domestic  liabits,  and  a  generous 
mind.  He  published  an  interesting  book,  written 
with  simi)licity :  Travels  in  Canada  and  the  In- 
dian territories,  between  the  years  17G0  and  177G, 
8vo.,  New  York,  1809. 

HENRY,  John  Joseph,  presiding  judge  of 
the  second  district  of  Pennsylvania,  was  the  son 
of  Wm.  II.,  of  Lancaster,  a  skilful  mechanic,  in- 
ventor of  the  screw  auger,  and  commissary  of  the 
I  troops  at  the  beginning  of  the  war.  He  was 
born  Nov.  4,  17.38.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he 
entered  the  ai  my  in  177<>,  and  accompanied  Ar- 
nold through  the  wilderr  vss  of  Maine  to  Quebec. 
In  the  attack  on  the  city  he  was  wounded  and 
taken  prisoner.  Having  afterwards  studied  law, 
he  practised  from  178.5  till  1793,  when  he  was 
aiipointed  judge.  He  died  about  the  year  1810 
at  I'axton,  I)aiq)hln  county,  aged  52.  His  wife 
was  the  sister  of  Stephen  Chambers.    Ills  inter- 


til 


IK 


n";f'-' 


ii! 


428 


IIENUY. 


c«tin(j  .irrount  of  llic  I'xjipilition  nrrnss  the  wil- 
derncsH  to  (iiicln'c  was  jjvililihlud  at  Lancaster, 
12m,).,  IMl'J. 

IIKXIIY,  WiM.TAM,  f,'ciicral,  a  HoWicr  of  tlic 
Ilpvoliition,  (lied  ill  Clirintian  count},  Ky.,  in  IN'JI, 
aifvA  (i'.i.  At  an  caily  aj^c  lie  entered  (lie  army, 
and  foii;,'ht  at  tlic  Imttles  of  (iiiilfbrd  and  the 
CowjietiM,  Uenioviiiff  to  Kentneky,  he  was  mneli 
crjfnj^ed  in  the  Indian  warfares,  so  harassiiijj  to 
the  early  sett h'rs.  lie  ]>artiei])aled  in  the  hnrd- 
shijis  of  Scott's  and  WilkiiTson's  cam])ai;?ns. 

IIKNllY,  T.  CiiAUU-oN,  1).  !».,  minister  of 
Charleston,  S.  ('.,  was  the  son  of  Alexander 
Henry,  of  I'hiladeliJiia,  president  of  the  Sal)l)uth 
school  union,  and  was  j^radiinted  at  Middleliiiry 
college  in  INll.  He  was  the  pastor  of  the  L'd 
Prcsiiyterian  cluirch  nt  C,  and  died  Oct.  o,  1S27, 
aged  37.  For  talents,  acquisition.s.  lioly  zeal,  and 
usefulness  in  the  ministry,  few  are  superior  to  him. 
lie  published  an  inquiry  into  the  consistency  of 
popular  amusements  with  a  ])rofessiiiii  of  Chris- 
tianity, lH25j  letters  to  a  friend  to  relieve  an 
anxious  inquirer,  with  memoirs  by  Th.  Lewis, 
London. 

IIENIIY,  Ai,i:xA.vi)i:n,  a  merchant,  died  at 
Philadelphia,  Aug.  13,  181",  aged  HI.  ISoru  in 
Scotland,  in  his  eighteenth  year  he  arrived  at 
Philadelj)hla  in  1783.  He  first  wa.s  a  clerk  at 
250  dollar.s  a  year.  As  he  entered  upon  business 
on  his  own  account,  he  was  highly  ])rosi)erous,  and 
acquired  a  large  estate,  in  tho  use  of  which  ho 
was  charitable  and  generous.  An  elder  in  tlie 
Presbyterian  church,  he  ])erformed  important  ser- 
vices in  the  cause  of  Christ.  Ueforo  a  tract  soci- 
ety was  formed,  he  distributed  tracts ;  he  was 
president  of  the  board  of  education  and  of  other 
societies,  which,  on  account  of  his  death,  passed 
commendatory  resolutions.  A  notice  of  him  is  in 
the  Merchant's  Magazine,  Jan.,  1850.  Dr.  Mc- 
Dowell published  a  sermon  on  his  death. 

HENIIY,  KoHERT,  D.  D.,  died  at  Columbia, 
S.  C,  Feb.  0,  1856  ;  for  many  years  professor  of 
Greek  literature  in  South  Carolina  college. 

HENSHAW,  David,  died  at  Leicester,  Mass., 
Nov.  11,  1852,  aged  C2.  He  was  the  son  of 
David,  and  grandson  of  Daniel,  who  went  from 
Boston  to  Leicester  in  1748.  His  earlier  ancestor 
was  Joshua,  of  Dorchester,  in  16G8.  He  was 
successful  in  commerce,  and  was  collector  of  the 
port  of  Boston  for  eight  years  from  1830.  He 
was  appointed  secretaiy  of  the  navy  in  1843,  but 
was  rejected  by  the  senate. 

HENSHAW,  John  P.  K.,  D.  D.,  bishop  of 
Rhode  Island,  died  July  20,  1852,  aged  about  62. 
Bom  in  Middlctown,Conn.,he  graduated  at  Mid- 
dlebury  in  1808,  and,  after  being  a  rector  at  Bal- 
timore many  years,  was  consecrated  bishop  in 
1843. 

HENTZ,  N.  M.,  professor,  died  at  Marianna, 
Florida,  Nov.  4,  1856.    He  was  the  husband  of 


HERS  FY. 

Caroline  T.rc  Ifentz.  Horn  in  Franre,  nAcr  ho 
("inie  to  lliis  counlry  he  was  assmiatiil  with 
(icorgf  n;\Mcrult  in  liis  school  at  Ummd  Hill, 
Xorlliamiiton.  He  was  a  man  of  varied  aiccjni- 
plislimciitii.  llepulilislicd  papers  on  the  allinalnr 
and  on  new  H])ecics  of  insects  in  the  Anicrican 
philoso|)liical  transactions;  'ra(l('ii«kund,  the  last 
king  of  the  I.cnape,  12mo.,  1825. 

lll'.N'rZ,  Cakoi.i.m;  Li;i:,  died  at  Marianna, 
I'lorida,  l''eli.  11,  lH,')(i.  She  was  the  diiughter  of 
ficn.  John  Whiting,  and  sister  of  Cien.  Henry  W. 
She  at  the  age  of  twelve  wrote  a  novel  and  a 
tragedy.  Married  to  I'rof.  Ilentz,  she  lived  at 
C'liajiel  Hi'!.  N.  C. ;  then  near  Cinciminti ;  tlieii  at 
I'Morciice,  .Ma.,  and  at  Tuscaloosa.  She  was  an 
excellent  teacher,  ])leasing  in  ajipearance,  and  her 
conversational  jiowers  were  of  a  high  order.  She 
published  ])e  l.ara,  or  the  ^loorish  bride;  tho 
mob  caj),  .Vunt  Mercy,  the  blind  girl,  the  jieddler, 
the  Village  anthem;  Lovell's  folly,  a  novel;  and 
Ernest  Linwood,  1850. —  I'.'/'l-  Amo:  Lit. 

Hl'lltKIMEK,  general,  of  the  militia  of  New 
York,  was  of  German  descent.  When  St.  Leger, 
in  1777,  invested  fort  Stan wix,  afterwards  called 
fort  Schuyler,  at  the  head  of  Mohawk  river,  Her- 
kimer, with  the  militia  of  Tryon  county,  hastened 
to  the  relief  of  Col.  Gansevoort.  On  his  aj)- 
proach  he  was  ambuscaded  in  August,  about  six 
miles  from  the  fort,  near  Oneida  creek.  Though 
mortally  wounded  in  his  legs,  he  seated  himself 
upon  a  stump  and  heroically  encouraged  his  men 
to  the  fight ;  but  his  party  was  defeated  with  tho 
loss  of  four  hundred  men.  Congress  ordered  a 
monument  to  his  memory.  —  Holmes,  li.  270  j 
Hint.  Coll.  II.  108. 

HERREllA,  Antonio  De,  o  Spanish  historian, 
was  bom  in  1559,  and  died  in  1625.  He  pub- 
lished in  Spanish  a  general  history  of  the  AVest 
Indies,  IGOl ;  also,  1615.  Tho  same  has  been 
published  in  various  editions  and  languages.  It 
gives  an  account  of  discoveries  from  1492  to  1553. 
The  history  of  America,  translated  by  J.  Stevens, 
was  j)ublishcd  at  London,  2d  edit,  6  vols.,  1740. 

HERSEY,  EZEKIEL,  an  eminent  physician  of 
Ilingham,  Mass.,  and  a  benefactor  of  Harvard 
college,  was  graduated  at  that  seminary  in  1728, 
and  died  Dec.  9, 1770,  aged  62.  His  widow  mar- 
ried Capt.  Derby,  of  Salem,  and,  in  fulfilment  of 
his  wishes,  established  an  academy  at  Hingham, 
calling  it  Derby  instead  of  Ilersey  academy.  Dr. 
II.  was  remarkably  humane  and  benevolent,  and 
had  extensive  practice  as  a  surgeon.  lie  be- 
queathed to  the  college  1000  pounds  towards 
founding  a  professorship  of  anatomy  and  surgery. 
His  widow  also  gave  the  same  sum  for  the  same 
jiurpose.  Dr.  Warren  was  the  first  who  was  es- 
tablished on  this  foundation.  —  Holmes. 

HERSEY,  Abner,  an  eminent  physician  of 
Barnstable,  Mass.,  died  Jan.  9,  1787,  aged  65. 
He  was  the  brother  of  the  preceding,  the  son  of 


IIKUVKY. 


HIACOOMKS. 


429 


JnmoK  llrrspy.  Ho  Muilicd  physic  witli  liU  | 
l)r<)iln'r  Jniuc",  of  lliirnstnlilc,  ami  mi  lii'»  tlicciisc 
Hiu'ci'cili'il  to  IiIn  praclicc.  Dr.  Tliaclirr  «iih  liis 
pupil.  Ill'  had  many  siii;^iilariti<'s.  His  driss 
was  loose,  lined  thiiMi;,'lioiit  witli  liaise.  Hi"  had 
II  (jreat  coiit  made  of  seven  eall-Nkins,  to  iirotcet 
him  fi'imi  the  ruin.  He  was  hy])orliondriaeaI,  ca- 
pricious, whimsical,  and  cliurlish  ;  and  dumesiic 
jicacc  was  a  stranger  to  hi>  family,  lie  liad  no 
diildrcn.  Hi;  l>e(iucathed  to  Harvard  collci,'e 
,')l)()  pounds  toward  the  estahlishment  of  a  pro- 
fessorship of  the  theory  and  jjractice  of  ]ihysic. 
The  first  ])rofess<)r  in  this  de])artment  was  Dr.  | 
WatorhouKc.  Dr.  Herscy  also  liequenthed  aboiit  ] 
,VW  pounds,  the  interest  of  which  he  directed  to  j 
he  applied  annually  to  the  ])ur<lmse  of  reli^jious 
])iil)lications,  which  should  lu;  distrihuted  in  ail  i 
the  towns  on  Cn\w  Cod.  lie  directed  what  hooks 
Bhould  he  selected  for  a  hundred  years  j  after  the 
expiration  of  which  time  the  ministers  and  dea- 
cons of  the  thirteen  j)arishes,  to  whose  care  his  do- 
nation is  intrusted,  are  authorized  to  select  any 
religious  hooks  at  their  jileasnrc,  excepting  on 
every  fourth  year.  On  the  petition  ot  the  parties 
fhclcf^islature  mitliorized  the  division  of  the  proj)- 
crty  among  the  clnirches  interested. — Thacher. 

ilEIlVKY, '\Vii,i,HM,  missionary  to  Uomhay, 
died  May  13,  1832,  af,'ed  33.  He  was  horn  at 
Kingshnr}',  N.  Y.,  and  graduated  at  "Williams 
college  in  1824,  where  he  was  a  tutor;  studied 
tlieology  at  rrincefon ;  was  ordained  as  a  mis- 
sionary in  1829.  His  disease  was  the  cholera. 
Mr.  Head's  letter  on  his  death  is  in  the  Mission- 
ary Herald  for  1832.  He  toiled  in  the  East  only 
one  year ;  hut  liis  exami)lc  might  do  good  for 
many  a  year  after  his  departure  from  life. 

HERVEY,  ELiZAiii.iii,  wife  of  WiUiam  Her- 
vcy,  missionary  to  IJomhay,  died  May  2,  1831, 
aged  33.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Deacon  Jacoh 
Smith,  of  Hadley,  Mass.  Her  grandraotlier,who 
died  at  the  age  of  101,  could  count  among  her 
descendants  twenty-one  ministers.  She  died 
peacefully  soon  after  her  arrival.  Her  character 
is  descrihed  in  Missionary  Herald  for  18ol  and 
1832.     Her  husband  died  the  next  year. 

HERWIO,  Leopold,  a  musical  teacher,  died 
in  Boston,  suddenly,  of  an  affection  of  ■  ho  heart, 
Nov.  1,  1845,  aged  34.  lie  led  the  orchestra  at 
a  concert  the  same  evening. 

HEULET,  J.,  died  in  Groton,  Conn.,  in  1821, 
aged  95,  father  bv  one  wife  of  27  children. 

HEWAIID,  Josiopii,  cUed  in  Broomfiehl,  :Me., 
Nov.  11,  1851,  aged  93.  He  served  in  the  war, 
and  was  in  jMorgan's  rifle  regiment. 

HEWITT,  Alexaxdkr,  jmblished  an  historical 
account  of  Soutli  Carolina  and  Georgia,  2  vols., 
London,  1779. 

HEWES,  Jo.SF,rn,  a  patriot  of  tlie  Revolution, 
was  born  in  1730  in  New  Jersey.  His  parents 
were  Quakers.    At  the  age  of  thirty  he  settled 


as  a  merchant  at  Edenton,  N.  C.     In  177 1  ho 

was  a  metnlier  of  congress,  and  was  appointed  on 
the  c<iinniittei' to  stiitc  tin'  giirvanccsof  cnngresn. 
Although  II  mcrcluint,  lie  ciilircd  heiirtily  ii\to 
till'  pinn  of  non-iinportaiion.  He  signed  tho 
DcH'laration  of  Independence  in  177(1,  and  re- 
maiiicd  in  congress,  witli  the  exception  <if  a  year, 
till  his  death  at  rhiliidclphiii,  Nov.  10,  I77!l,  aged 
19.  He  left  a  large  fortune,  hut  no  chiltlren.  It 
is  s;iid  that  when,  in  177."),  the  (iuiikcrs  |)iit  forth 
a  "  testimony  "  against  the  ])roceedings  of  con« 
gri'ss,  he  withdrew  from  the  sect.  —  Unudrich't 
LiriK;  /!ii<  i/iliijK ili'it  AtiiirlfdiKi. 

Hl'.WES.'  Ki.iu'.iiT,  Dr.,  died  in  Boston  in  1830, 
aged  79.  He  was  long  a  cclcliriilcd  fencing-mas- 
ter and  bone-setter.  He  ]nil)lisli"d  rules  for 
sword-exercise  if  cavalry,  iL'mo.,  1813. 

HEYW.VRD,  TiKiMAS,  judge,  a  patriot  of  tho 
Revolution,  died  in  .March,  1809,  aged  (i3.  Ho 
was  born  at  St.  Luke's,  S.  C,  in  1740,  the  son  of 
Col.  Daniel  H.,  a  wealthy  )ilaiiter.  Having  stud- 
ied law  at  the  temple  in  London,  he  s]ient  some 
years  hi  a  Imir  on  the  continent  of  ICnrojie.  On 
his  return  he  practised  law.  In  1775  he  was  ap- 
jjointeil  a  mend)er  of  congress  in  the  jilaee  of 
Mr.  Rutledge,  and  in  1770  signed  the  Declaration 
of  Indejiendence.  In  1778  he  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  civil  and  criminal  courts.  At  tho 
capture  of  Charleston,  May  12,  178(1,  he  bore 
arms  and  fell  uito  the  hands  of  the  enemy,  and 
was  sent  to  St.  Augustine.  His  plantation  was 
plundered,  and  he  lost  one  hundred  and  thirty 
slaves,  who  were  j)robably  trans])orted  to  Jamaica. 
Having  at  last  permission  to  sail  to  Philadelphia, 
he  narrowly  escajied  drowning,  having  fallen  over- 
board. In  1798  he  relimiuishcd  his  judicial 
duties.  By  his  two  wives,  whose  names  were 
Matthews  and  Savage,  he  had  children.  With 
an  ardent  disjiosition  he  yet  had  a  sound  judg- 
ment, and  was  honest,  firm,  and  fearless.  — liiog. 
Amer.  ;  (Idodricli. 

HIACOOMES,  the  first  Indian  in  New  Eng- 
land who  was  converted  to  Christianity,  and  a 
minister  at  Martha's  Vineyard,  lived  upon  this 
island  when  a  few  English  families  first  settled 
there  in  1042.  Under  the  instruction  of  Thomas 
Mayhew  he  eagerly  received  the  truths  of  the 
gospel.  Having  learned  to  read,  he  in  1045 
began  to  teach  his  copper-colored  brethren  the 
Christian  doctrines,  and  he  did  not  labor  in  vain. 
A  number  of  them  were  soon  imjjressed  with  a 
sense  of  their  guilt  in  living  as  they  had  lived 
and  sought  for  jjardon  from  him  who  is  the  jjro- 
pitiation  for  the  sins  of  the  world.  The  sachems 
and  pawaws,  or  priests,  did  not  observe  this  ]iro- 
gress  of  Christianity  v*ith  indifference.  While 
the  latter  threatened  to  destroy  all  the  ])raying 
Indians  with  witchcraft,  their  menaces  were  jmr- 
ticularly  directed  against  Hiacoomes ;  but  he  said 
to  them,  "I  believe  in  God,  and  put  my  trust  in 


430 


IIICKS. 


IIKiGINSON. 


m" 


him  I  thrrrforp  nil  the  pnwnw*  ciin  do  mo  no 
hurt."  Ill  l(i.')(».  when  lie  IhhI  u  >iiiinc  cliilil,  iIu' 
ruiicriil  Vint  ixTliiriiiril  in  the  I'.ii^'iisli  iiiiiiiiicr. 
Till*  iiiouriicrN  (lid  not  liisoilor  tlicir  Cicch,  nor 
<l('|)i)Nit  luiy  iitcnsiis  or  ){(ioiN  in  tin'  uriivo,  nor 
liowl  over  flic  (Iciid.  AOcr  the  dratli  of  Mr. 
Miiylu'w  ill  KI.'jT,  III'  coiitlniiid  lii^  licncvfilciit 
liiliorN,  thoiif;h  iic  fcnatly  liinicntcil  the  Io^h  of 
tlint  K<iii<l  ii):ri,liy  wliiiin  lie  liiul  liccii  ('iilif^htcncd 
in  the  kiiow!< '!;;('  of  tlii'  tnilli,  and  tvliosc  in- 
Htriii'tionn  f^avc  'liiii  tin-  power  ot  iiistnii'linK 
otiu'r.s.  August  !.'_',  KiTO,  an  Indian  clmrcli  wan 
rr(,'iilar!y  forincd  on  Marilia's  Viiwuird,  and  Iliii- 
coiinu'M  an<l  '^a(■lulnll^ll  wert"  ordaiiii'd  it.s  piiNtor 
niul  tcai'licr  liy  l''.liot  and  Cotton.  llincoonicH 
(inrvivcd  liis  coilca^iic,  and  died  altout  the  year 
l(i!)(),  nt,'ed  near  HO.  In  Kill.S  liin  son,  John  ilin- 
coomes,  was  a  ])reaeh<T  ami  schoolnuiKler  at 
ANNawam]iHit,  or  Middlelioronf,'h.  lie  wa.s  a 
fnithfiil  and  suoceN.si'nl  iiiiiii.s|er,  slow  in  sjieeeh, 
grave  in  manners,  and  Idanu'le.is  in  IiIn  life,  lie 
wan  couraj^eous  in  re|)reliendin;,'  the  Indians  for 
worshipping  their  false  ),'ods  and  adiierinjx  to 
their  jiawaw.t.  He  was  not  elated  by  the  hif(li 
office  which  he  sn.stained,  hut  ever  contimied 
huinhle.  At  the  ordination  of  Mr.  Jn]iliet,  who 
succeeded  'rackaiiasli,  as  his  colleague,  he  jiraycd, 
imjiosed  hands,  and  (javo  the  ehrtr;;e  with  much 
j>ropriety.  In  his  last  sickness  he  expressed  the 
liojies  of  a  Christian,  and  fjave  good  exhortations 
to  those  around;  and  at  his  death  he  without 
douht  entered  into  that  rest  from  which  many  of 
the  learned  and  relined,  who  love  not  the  Lord 
Jesus  Christ,  will  he  excluded.  —  Miii//u'w'n  In- 
dian VdHVi'itx  ;  Matin i'k  MiKjndliti,  ill.  1!)0. 

IIICKS,  I'^I.IAS,  a  (iuaker,  died  at  Jerieho,  Long 
Island,  Feb.  '11,  lHy(),af,'ed  HI.  His  wife,  .lemima, 
with  whom  he  hud  lived  in  harmony  iilh-eight 
y.-'ars,  died  in  IH'Jl).  In  the  last  years  of  liis  life 
he  was  the  cause,  by  some  new  doctrines  which 
he  advanced,  of  a  great  discord  and  division 
among  the  Friends. 

IIICHHOKX,  lti;.vj.vMiN,  n  Uoston  iiatriot,  died 
hi  1817,  aged  about  70.  He  delivered  an  oration 
at  Hoston  .March  ,j,  1777,  which  was  jiublishcd  in 
4to. ;  an  oration  at  Doston  July  4,  1784. 

IlIDDKX,  Sajiikj.,  hrst  minister  of  Tamworth, 
N.  II.,  died  in  1n;j7,  agid  77,  in  the  forty-sixth 
year  of  his  ministry.  JJorn  in  Itowley,  Mass.,  he 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  171)1.  He  was  or- 
dained in  1792  on  a  rock  near  where  the  meeting- 
house was  afterwards  built.  Settled  in  a  country 
almost  a  wilderness,  his  holy  zeal  led  him  to 
preach  the  gosjiel  widely  around  him.  To  his 
own  church  more  than  five  hundred  were  added. 
His  son  WilUam  was  a  deacon.  He  was  greatly 
respected  and  beloved.  In  death  ho  had  triumj)h. 
He  said,  "  Just  draw  back  the  veil,  and  I  am 
there!"  His  lyre,  for  he  loved  sacred  music, 
WU8  tuucd  for  the  last  song : 


"  Anip-I'.  mil  ilin  r<«ti  «»«.r! 
mntli,  jU'l'l  ii|i  Ihi'  uil|{tit/  pivj!  " 

The  rock,  on  which  he  wan  ordainrd,  in  nrnr  hin 
grave;  the  rock  of  his  hopes  Klandeth  forever! 
His  memoir  was  piibiislicd  in  IHI'J. 

III{i(iINIl{)THAM,Tii(i.«.\s,  died  in  Amhrr..t 
eoniity,  Va.,  in  Feb.,  1n;J5.     He  emancipated  fil\y 

HlaVCM. 

HKJGIXS,  D.wii),  a  venerable  minister,  died 
at  Hath,  N.  Y.,  in  June,  1HI2,  aged  HI,  pastor  of 
the  first  Presbyterian  church  in  that  town.  Horn 
at  Huddum,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  17Ht'>.  ||u 
was  first  settled  at  Lyme  for  eighteen  years,  then 
at  Auburn,  \.  Y.  He  was  an  early,  earnest,  and 
faithful  laborer  in  the  vineyard  of  Western  \ew 
York.  In  his  old  age  he  preached  at  Norwalk, 
Ohio,  and  by  one  account  he  died  there. 

HIGOINSON,  Fn.\.N(ls,  first  minister  of  Salem, 
Mass.,  died  ui  Aug.,  l(iU(>,  aged  42.  After  re- 
ceiving his  education  at  Kmanuel  college  in  Cam- 
bridge, he  became  the  minister  of  a  church  at 
Leicester,  in  Fngland.  Here  he  devoted  himself 
to  the  duties  of  his  office,  bending  all  his  efforts 
to  jiroduce  that  renovation  of  heart  and  holiness 
of  life,  without  which  no  man  can  see  the  king- 
dom of  Goil.  While  his  pojnilar  talents  filled  his 
church  with  attentive  hearers,  such  was  the  divine 
blessing  ujion  his  labors,  that  a  deep  attention  to 
religious  subjects  was  excited  among  his  peo])le, 
and  he  witnessed  with  pleasure  the  progress  of 
ujirightness,  benevolence,  and  ])icty  among  the 
dishonest,  the  selfish,  and  the  imi)ious.  Itecom- 
ing  at  length  a.  conscientious  noncmiformist  to 
the  rites  of  the  English  church,  some  of  which 
he  thought  not  only  \iere  unsn])porte(l  by 
Scripture,  but  corrupted  the  jjuiity  of  Christian 
worship  and  discipline,  ho  was  excludetl  from  the 
])ansli  pulpit.  IJut  he  obtained  liberty  to  jircacli 
a  lecture  in  Leicester,  and  often  attended  jirivote 
meetings  for  jirayer  ond  religious  conference  with 
a  number  of  excellent  Christians.  As  the  i^jiirit 
of  ecclesiastical  tyranny  became  more  jealous  and 
rigorous,  inlbrmation  was  lodged  against  him,  and 
while  he  was  daily  exjiecting  to  be  dragged  away 
by  j)ursuivants  to  the  higli  commission  court,  a 
kind  Providence  interposed  remarkably  in  his 
favor,  and  jjrovided  for  him  a  jilace  of  security. 
One  day  two  messengers  came  to  his  house,  and 
with  loud  knocks  cried  out,  "  Where  is  Mr.  Ilig- 
ginson  ?  We  must  speak  with  Mr.  lligginson  !" 
His  wife  ran  to  his  chamber  and  entreated  him 
to  conceal  himself;  but  he  rejjlied  that  he  should 
acquiesce  in  the  will  of  (iod.  He  went  down,  and 
as  the  messengers  entered  the  hull  they  jiresented 
him  with  some  papers,  saying,  in  a  rough  manner, 
"  Sir,  we  came  from  London,  and  our  business  is 
to  convey  you  to  London,  as  you  may  see  by  those 
])apers."  —  "  I  thought  so,"  exclaimed  Mrs.  llig- 
ginson, weeping ;  but  a  wommi's  tears  could  have 
little  effect  upon  hard-hearted  pursuivants.    Mr. 


iiiaoixsoN. 


IIUJGIXSON. 


431 


IliKffiiixon  n|)oii('il  the  pnrkrt  to  rcml  llir  furm  of 
Win  arrest,  liiit,  iiiNtcii'l  of  nn  orilcr  I'miii  IliNli<i]> 
l,iui<l  Ciir  his  Mi/tiri',  lie  toiin<l  a  ciipy  of  tlicclmr- 
tpr  lit'  .M;i."siir|iiiM'itH,  iiixl  IctiiTH  I'rom  ilu'  >{(i\<'r- 
liiir  luiil  ciiiupjiiiy,  ihviliii;;  him  Id  cinliark  \\ith 
tliciii  for  New  l',iij;hiri(l.  The  xinhhii  traii'-itiiiii 
of  ft'C'liiif}  from  (li'HpoiuK'iR'c  to  jo)  iiisiiinil  him 
witli  \\\v  Mnnic  piod  liuiiior  which  iiiihici'd  liis 
frU'iulx  to  net  the  jiurt  of  Wm  vuvu\ivn,  nnd  ii  pleas- 
ant interview  suteeeiU'il. 

llavin;;  s()u;,'iit  ailvico  nnil  im|ilore(l  the  Divine 
(lireetioii,  h<'  icsolved  to  aeeept  (lie  invitation.  In 
liis  farewell  n(  rinon,  preaelieil  hi'fore  avast  assem- 
hiy,  lie  (lei'iari'd  hitt  persuasion,  tiiut  I'M^Iand 
vould  he  ciiasiised  I)y  war,  ami  that  Leicester 
woidd  liave  more  than  nn  onh'nury  share  of  Kuf- 
feriiiK"-  it  was  not  lori);  before  his  prediction  was 
verilied.  It  is  not  meant  tliat  lie  claimed  the 
power  of  forelcllini^  future  events ;  hut  he  could 
reason  willj  considerahle  accuracy  from  cause  to 
cll'cct,  knowinj;  that  ini(|uity  is  ^;enerally-  followed 
by  its  punishment,  and  he  lived  ir.  an  aj,'e  when  i:. 
was  usual  for  ministers  to  sjieak  with  more  confi- 
dence, and  authority,  and  ellicajy,  than  at  jires- 
ent.  He  sailed  from  Oravesend  A|)ril  '2,'t,  W2U, 
accompanied  hy  Mr.  Skelton,  whose  principles  ac- 
corded with  his  own.  When  he  came  to  the  Land's 
End  he  called  his  children  and  the  other  passen- 
gers on  deck  to  take  the  last  view  of  their  native 
country;  and  he  now  exclaimed  :  "  Fareuill  En<;- 
land,  farewell  the  church  of  God  in  I'.nglaiid, and 
all  the  Christian  friends  there.  We  do  not  j^o  to 
America  as  Separatists  from  the  diurch  of  Enj;- 
hmd,  though  we  cannot  hut  sejjarate  from  its  cor- 
ruptions." He  then  concluded  with  a  fervent 
prayer  for  the  king,  church, and  state  in  Kii<;land. 
lie  arrived  at  Cape  Ann  June  :!7,  l(i2il,  and  hav- 
in{5  spent  the  next  day  there,  which  was  Sunday, 
on  the  2lH\i  he  entered  the  harbor  of  Salem. 
July  the  20th  was  observed  us  a  day  of  fastinj;  by 
the  appointment  of  Gov.  lindieott,  and  the  church 
then  made  choice  of  Mr.  Iligjjinson  to  be  their 
teacher,  and  Mr.  Skelton  their  jjastor.  Each  with 
the  assistance  of  some  of  the  gravest  members  of 
the  church  laid  his  hands  at  this  timeou  the  other 
with  prayer.  A  more  soleuni  investiture  ?o''V 
place  August  (itii,  when  about  thirty  person  j  "i  • 
ce])tcd  a  confession  of  faith  and  church  eoven.i.it, 
which  had  been  drawn  up  by  Mr.  l[igginson,and 
the  two  ministers  were  again  ordained  by  the  im- 
position of  liand.s.  Governor  15  radfon  land  others 
frotn  the  church  of  Plymouth  gave  tL  jm  the  right 
hand  of  fellowshij).  As  both  aie.se  muiisters  had 
been  ordained  b)  bishops  in  England,  and  as  Mr. 
Higginson  professed  not  to  be  a  .separatist  from  the 
cstal)lished  church,  this  ordination  cannot  be  con- 
sidered as  investing  them  with  the  sacred  ollice, 
but  only  as  introducing  them  to  the  jiastoral  care 
of  a  particular  flock.  Thus  auspicious  was  tlic 
coraraenccment  of  the  settlement  of  Naumlicali, 


or  Salem  i  lint  iho  Kcene  won  noon  chnnftod.  Dur- 
ing tlie  lir-.!  winter  nliout  one  lunidred  personii 
died,  and  Mr.  lii;;ginson  was  soon  sei/ied  with  a 
brclic,  wiiich  teiniiniited  his  davx.  In  his  lust 
sicKnesH  he  was  iiiiiindi  il  of  hit  benevolent  exer- 
tions in  the  service  of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  To 
consoling  suggestions  of  this  kind  he  replied,  "  I 
have  been  an  unprolilable  s(<r\ant,and  all  my  de- 
sire is  to  win  Christ,  and  l)e  foniul  in  him,  not 
having  my  own  righteousness."  His  family,  con- 
Niitting  of  his  wife  and  eight  chilihrn,  whom  lio 
was  about  to  leave  without  asuilable  provision  for 
their  nuiintenance,  he  cheerfully  coniinended  to 
the  care  of  (iod,  being  fully  persuaded  that  his 
favor  would  attend  them. 

He  was  a  zealous  u'  ■'  useful  preacher,  mild 
in  ins  doctrines,  but  st  '  \  discipline.  He  ad- 
milted  none  into  the  en.  '  n  williout  satisfactory 
evidence  that  they  were  truly  religious,  and  ex- 
cluded the  ignorant  and  innnoral  from  the  table 
of  the  Lord.  In  hi'  dejjortment  lie  was  grave, 
and  pure  in  morals,  nnd,  though  not  rash  in  lu!i 
decisions,  he  w.us  not  easily  shaken  from  his  jiur- 
pose.s.  In  his  ;ierson  he  was  slender  and  not  tall. 
His  Sim,  Francis  Higginson,  went  to  I'urope,  and 
li'erresidii  some  tinu  s  o  stuili'nt  at  Ley  den, 
was  settled  as  a  mini  r  at  Kerby  Steven  in 
Westmoreland,  En;ri.ni,l,  where  ho  died  about 
the  year  KiTO,  ageo  .51.  He  wns  the  lirst  who 
wrote  aga'  t  the  (iuakers,  and  h  ubli.-hed  also 
a  Latin  ';'.'ii:ic  e-,inccrning  the  live  principal 
lights,  in;  reuti.il  and  created  light,  and  the  light 
of  nature,  grace,  ond  glory. 

Mr.  Higginson,  of  Salem,  wrote  an  accoimt  of 
Ills  voyage,  which  is  preserved  in  Hutchinson's 
collection  of  papers.  He  wrote  also  a  short  ac- 
count of  that  jKirt  of  ^lassachusetts,  which  wa.s 
now  settling,  and  of  the  Indians,  entitled,  New 
I'.ngland's  plantation,  or  a  short  and  true  descrip- 
tion of  the  commodities  nnd  discommodities  of 
that  country,  KilJO.  It  has  been  rejjrinted  in  the 
collections  of  the  historical  society.  This  curious 
account  is  generally  correct,  though  the  isle  of 
slates,  and  the  marble,  and  the  lions  existed  oidy 
in  report  and  imagination. —  Matjnalia,  I.  18, 
19;  III.  70-7:; ;  Loll.  Hist.  Sor.  I.  117-121; 
VI.  2ai,  212-214;  l.\.  '2-d  ;  Spra[/iii''s  Aiinaln. 

HIGGINSON,  John,  minister  of  Salem,  Mass., 
died  Dec.  9,  17().S,  aged  i)2.  He  was  the  son  of 
the  preceding,  and  was  born  in  England  Aug.  0, 
IGUi.  Some  time  after  the  death  of  his  father, 
with  whom  he  came  to  this  country  in  lG2i>,  he 
was  the  histructor  of  a  school  at  Hartford,  his 
mother  with  six  of  her  children  being  somewhat 
dejiendent  upon  his  exertions  for  her  su])port. 
Having  become  a  preacher,  he  was  chajjlain  at 
Saybrook  fort  a  number  of  years.  In  1G41  he 
went  to  Guilford,  and  j)reached  about  two  years 
as  an  assistant  to  Mr.  Whitfield,  whose  daughter 
ho  maiuicd.    lu  1643  ho  was  chosen  one  of  the 


I 


m 
m 


'\i 


i 


1  =  1 


482 


IIIGGINSON. 


seven  pillars  of  Guilford.  The  practice  of  choos- 
ing from  among  the  brethren  seven  jjcrsonH,  wlio 
were  called  pillars,  to  whom  the  other  ehureh- 
members  were  gathered,  had  Ijefore  been  adopted 
in  New  Haven  and  Milford.  After  the  church 
was  completely  organized  in  Guilford  in  1643, 
Mr.  Iligginson  was  elected  teacher  to  assist  Mr. 
Whitfield;  but  he  was  not;  ordained.  About 
the  year  1G50  Mr.  Whitfield  returned  to  Eng- 
land, and  Mr.  Iligginson  remained  as  teaclier  of 
the  church.  But  in  1G>59  he  left;  that  town  with 
the  intention  of  revisiting  his  native  country.  On 
his  arrival  at  Salem  he  was  ])crsuaded  to  j)reach 
one  year  in  the  churcli,  where  his  father  had  been 
settled,  and  was  ordained  in  Aug.,  IGGO.  Here 
he  continued  near  half  a  century  till  liis  death. 
He  had  been  seventy-two  years  in  the  ministerial 
office.  ILs  colleague,  Mr.  Nicholas  Noyes,  says 
of  liirn  in  liis  elegy  : 

"  For  ricli  nrmy  cared  not  a  fig, 
AtuI  wore  Elifhii'H  periwig; 
At  iiimity-tlireo  imd  comely  fiieo, 
AiiorneJ  with  mnjosty  niid  gnicc: 
Before  lie  went  ninoiiK  tUo  dead, 
IIo  children's  children's  ekildreu  had." 

By  his  second  wife  he  had  two  daughters,  one 
of  whom  married  Jeremy  Dummer.  By  his  first 
wife  he  had  seven  children.  John  was  of  th^  gov- 
ernor's council  and  lived  in  Salem  ;  Nathaniel 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1070,  went  to  England, 
was  employed  in  the  tower,  was  governor  of  fort 
St.  George  in  the  East  Indies,  and  at  last  a  mer- 
chant in  London,  where  he  died  in  1708;  Thomas 
went  to  England  and  was  a  goldsmith,  and  sailing 
from  Arabia  was  never  heard  of  again ;  Francis 
was  educated  at  Caml)ridge  in  England,  and  died 
young;  and  Henry,  a  merchant,  died  in  Barba- 
does  in  the  West  Indies,  in  lOSj.  At  his  ordina- 
tion the  hands  of  tlie  deacons  and  -one  of  the 
brethren  were  imjiosed  in  tlie  presence  of  the 
neighboring  churches  and  elders.  Whetiier  they 
united  in  this  ceremony  is  not  known,  b\il  ^Ir. 
Norton,  of  Boston,  gave  the  riglit  hand  of  fellow- 
ship. Mr.  Iligginson  was  at  fij'st  zealous  against 
the  Quakers,  and  he  lived  to  lament  that  his  zeal 
was  so  warm.  As  a  jn-eacher  he  was  iiighly  re- 
sjjected.  Judge  Sewall  calls  him,  "  that  aged 
and  venerable  divine  ;  "  and  Dr.  Mathrr  s])eaks 
of  him,  in  the  eighty-eighth  year  f)f  his  age,  as 
then  performing  the  duties  of  iiis  ofliee  with  such 
manly,  jjortinent,  judicious  vigor,  and  willi  so  lit- 
tle decay  of  his  intellectual  abilities,  as  excited 
admiration.  In  his  worldly  alfaiis  he  wan  often 
eniliarrassed,  being  sui)j)orted  durii'ir  part  of  his 
ministry  by  voluntary  contribution.  It  is  consid- 
erable evidence  of  his  good  sense  md  of  his 
benevolence,  that  he  took  no  ]iart  in  the  jirocecd- 
ings  relating  to  witchcraft  in  1092.  Some  of  his 
letters  are  in  the  Historical  Collections,  Jld  series. 
He  jjublished  an  election  sermon,  entitled,  the 


HILL. 

cause  of  God  and  his  pcojilc  in  New  England, 
Ui(!.3  ;  our  dying  Saviour's  legacy  of  peace  to  his 
disci])les  in  a  troublesome  world,  with  a  discourse 
on  tlie  duty  of  Christ  ians  to  be  witnesses  unto  Christ, 
unto  which  is  added  some  hel])  to  self-examina- 
tion, 1686;  an  attestation  to  Dr.  Mather's  mag- 
nalia,  or  church  historj'  of  New  England,  prefixed 
to  that  work,  and  dated,  1697 ;  a  testimony  to 
the  order  of  the  gospel  in  the  churches  of  New 
England  with  Mr.  Hubbard,  1701 ;  an  epistle  to 
the  reader,  prefixed  to  Hale's  inquiry  into  the  na- 
ture of  witchcraft,  1702;  a  preface  to  Thomas 
Allen's  invitation  to  thirsty  sinners  ;  the  deplor- 
able state  of  New  England,  1708.  —  Mai/nalia, 
III.  66,  76 ;  Cull.  Hist.  Soc.  VI.  243,  244,  259- 
294,  271,  272;  Spragite's  Annals. 

HIGHTOAN'N,  Joshua,  died  in  Marengo  county, 
Ala.,  Aug.,  1844,  aged  126.  Family  records  at- 
test his  age.  He  was  wounded  at  Braddock's 
defeat,  and  was  also  a  soldier  of  the  Kevolution. 

HILDllETH,  IIosea,  died  at  Sterling  July  10, 
ISiij,  aged  53.  iJorn  in  Chelmsford  in  1782,  a 
graduate  of  Harvard  in  180e'5,  ho  was  a  minister 
for  some  years  at  Gloucester,  Mass.,  afterwards 
secretary  of  the  Massachusetts  temjierance  so- 
ciety. He  jjublished  discourse  at  I^xeter  acad- 
emy, 1825;  Dudleian  lecture,  1829;  lives  of 
evangelists  and  apostles,  1830. 

HILL,  Aiiit.viiAM,  died  at  Oxford,  Jlass.,  June 
8, 1788,  aged  09.  Born  at  Cambridge,  he  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  in  1737,  and  was  the  minister  of 
Shutesbury  from  1762  to  1778,  when  he  was  dis- 
missed. Hand's  sermon  at  his  ordination  was 
pulilished.  —  t-^pra(iue's  Annals. 

HILL,  IIi:.\UY,  a  merchant  in  Boston,  died 
July  7,  1828,  aged  92.     He  graduated  in  1756. 

HILL,  Ebi;xi;zi;k,  minister  of  Mason,  N.  II., 
died  May  27,  1854,  aged  88.  He  was  born  at 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  Jan.  29,  1706,  was  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  178(),  and  ordained  Nov.  3,  1790. 
He  had  been  settled  more  tlian  fifty  years.  lie 
l)ublished  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  liuth  liatch- 
cller,  another  on  the  death  of  AVilliam  K.  Batcli- 
eller,  1811.  Seth  I'ayson's  sermon  at  his  ordina- 
tion was  Jjublished. 

HILL,  Isaac,  governor  of  N.  II.,  died  at 
Wasliingion  March  22,  1851,  aged  63.  Born  in 
Camliridge,  his  parents  removed  when  he  was  a 
boy  to  Ashburnham.  With  little  education  he 
became  a  jirinter,  and  as  editor  issued  the  New 
Hampshire  Patriot  in  1809.  It  gained  a  wide 
circulation  and  great  influence  in  the  party  callid 
republican.  In  1829  Jackson  ajipointed  liiui 
second  comptroller  of  the  treasury;  but  the  ne.\t 
year  his  nomination  was  rejected  by  the  senate. 
In  1831  he  was  chosen  .senator  for  six  years,  but 
resigned  in  1836  to  aecejit  the  olUce  of  governor 
of  N.  IL,  to  which  ])lace  he  was  recliosen  in 
1837  and  183H.  In  1810  he  was  stib-treaMirer 
at  Boston.     He  had  long  been   pen.sion    agent. 


HILL. 


IIIL^IARD. 


433 


(lied   nt 

lioni  ill 

lie  was  ii 

cation  he 

the  New 

il  a   wide 

irty  ealled 

ited    him 

the  next 

10  senate. 

years,  liiit 

jfoveinor 

hosen  in 

rtrcat.iirer 

in    ajrent. 


lie  and  two  sons  cstahli.shod  Hill's  New  Ilnmp- 
sliire  Patriot,  which  was  united  with  the  Pat- 
riot in  1H47.  lie  published  also  the  Farmer's 
Monthly  Visitor. 

HILL,  ■\ViLLL\M,  I).  D.,  died  in  Winchester, 
Va.,  Nov.  10,  18iJ2,  aged83.  He  was  the  minister 
of  W.  from  1800  to  1838,  and  afterwards  in  Alex- 
andria and  elsewhere.  He  was  a  powerful  ex- 
tern jioraneous  preacher;  a  man  generous  and 
impetuous.  Ho  ojiposed  what  is  called  the  i  c- 
scindiiig  act  of  his  church  in  1838,  and  joined 
the  New  School  Assembly.  For  the  last  five 
years  ho  lived  in  retirement  with  his  cliildren.  — 
X.  r.  Obscn-cr,  Dee.  2. 

HILL,  EniixraKR,  died  in  Mason,  N.  II.,  May 
20,  18,54,  aged  88.  A  native  of  Cambridge,  a 
graduate  of  Harvard  in  1790,  ho  was  the  minister 
of  M.  sixty-three  years,  having  a  colleague  seven- 
teen vears.  —  N.   Y.  Observer,  July  G. 

HILLHOUSE,Wiu.LVM,  judge,  died  Jar..  12, 
1810,  aged  87.  He  was  the  son  of  James  IL, 
first  minister  of  the  second  church  hi  New  Lon- 
don, now  Montville,  who  was  a  native  of  Ireland, 
and  was  histalled  Oct.  3,  1722,  and  died  in  1740. 
He  was  born  in  1727,  and  was  for  fifty  years  a 
member  of  the  legislature ;  for  forty  years  a 
judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas,  and  also 
judge  of  probate.  During  the  Revolutionary  war 
he  was  one  of  the  council  of  safety.  His  seat  in 
tlic  council  he  resigned  in  1808,  and  died  at 
Montville.  He  was  a  man  of  integrity,  a  Chris- 
tian, and  an  unshiken  patriot. 

IHLLIIOUSE,  Jamfs  Abilvfl^m,  a  distin- 
guished lawyer,  the  brother  of  the  preceding,  was 
born  at  New  London  about  1729.  He  was  grad- 
uated at  Ynle  college  in  1749,  and  was  tutor  from 
1750  to  1750.  He  afterwards  practised  law  at 
New  Haven,  where  ho  died  Oct.  3,  1775,  aged 
40.  His  widow,  Mary,  died  July,  1822,  aged  87. 
He  had  a  high  reputation  as  an  advocate,  and  was 
a  zealous  suj)i)orter  of  the  rights  of  his  country. 
His  Christian  life  was  exemplary  ;  he  was  adorned 
by  meekness,  humility,  and  charity. — Holmes' 
Ll/'cofStile/i,GG. 

'hILLHOUSE,  J.\MES,  LL.  D.,  died  of  apo- 
])k'xy,  suddenly,  at  New  Haven  Dec.  29,  1832, 
aged  78.  He  was  born  at  Montville  Oct.  21, 
1754,  and  wius  graduated  at  Yale  in  1773.  Hav- 
ing studied  law,  he  took  an  active  part  in  the 
llevolutionary  struggle.  A  member  of  congress 
in  1791,  ho  was  chosen  a  senator  in  1794,  and 
continued  in  the  senate  sixteen  years,  resigning 
his  seat  in  1810.  He  was  then  commissioner  of 
the  school  fund  of  Conn,  for  fifteen  years.  From 
1782  for  fifty  years  !\e  was  treasurer  of  the  col- 
lege. In  1825  he  undertook  the  construction  of 
the  Farmington  and  Hampshire  canal,  in  which 
he  sunk  much  property,  a  railroad  having  taken 
the  place  of  the  canal.  His  wife  was  a  daughter 
55 


of  Col.    M.    Woolsey,    of  Dosoris.  —  Bacon's 
Sketch. 

HILLIIOUSr,  James  Aiir.\iiam,  a  poet,  died 
at  New  Haven,  Jan.  5,  1841,  aged  51.  The  son 
of  the  preceding,  he  was  graduated  at  Yale  in 
1808;  and  was  distinguished  for  his  acquirements, 
taste,  and  character.  He  published  Percy's 
Masque,  1820;  Iladad  ;  and  the  judgment.  His 
whole  works  were  ])ublished  in  2  vols.,  12mo,, 
1839,  entitled  dramas,  discourses,  and  other 
pieces. 

HILLIARD,  Timothy,  minister  of  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  died  May  9, 1790,  aged  43.  Ho  was  bom 
hi  Kensington,  N.  n.,in  1740,  and  was  graduated 
at  Harvard  college  in  1704.  In  1708  lie  was  ap- 
pointed chajilain  of  castle  AVilliam,  and  after  offi- 
ciating a  few  months  was  elected  a  tutor  of  tlie  col- 
lege, in  which  he  was  educated.  He  was  ordained 
the  minister  of  Barnstable  April  10,  1771,  as  the 
successor  of  Mr.  Green  ;  but  after  continuing  his 
benevolent  exertions  in  this  place  for  twelve 
years,  respected  and  beloved  by  his  people,  he 
was  induced  in  consequence  of  his  impaired 
health,  occasioned  by  the  dampness  of  the  sea  air, 
to  request  a  dismission,  which  was  given  him 
April  30,  1783.  He  was  succeeded  by  John  Mel- 
lon. On  the  27tli  of  Oct.,  he  was  installed  at 
Cambridge,  as  colleague  with  Dr.  Ajipleton,  Ho 
was  peculiarly  well  qualified  for  the  conspicuous 
station,  in  wliich  by  Divine  jjroWdence  he  was 
now  placed ;  for  ho  possessed  an  easy  and  jileas- 
ing  elocution,  and  a  devotional  manner,  and  his 
discourses  were  pure  in  language,  and  replete 
with  judicious  sentiments,  well  arranged,  instruc- 
tive, and  truly  evangelical.  But  the  jiower  of 
doing  good  was  continued  to  him  but  a  few  years. 
In  the  midst  of  his  usefulness  and  with  increasing 
reputation,  he  died  suddenly.  A  short  time  be- 
fore he  cxjiircd,  he  expressed  bis  full  confidence 
in  God,  and  said,  that  ho  enjoyed  those  consola- 
tions which  he  had  endeavored  to  imjiart  to 
others.  While  he  was  respected  for  his  talents 
and  acquisitions,  and  made  himself  pleasing  in 
social  intercourse,  he  also  possessed  an  amiable 
temper,  kind  and  sympathetic  feelings,  and  the 
genuine  benevolence  of  the  gosp.'l.  Though  firm 
in  the  maintenance  of  his  religious  sentiments,  he 
was  yet  conspicuous  for  his  candor.  He  ])ublished 
two  fast  sermons,  1774;  a  sermon  at  t!ie  execu- 
tion of  three  persons,  1785  ;  at  the  oidinatiou  of 
Henry  Ware,  1788;  of  IJczaleel  Howard;  of 
John  Andrews,  1789;  and  a  Dudleian  lecture, 
1788. —  Willnni'/i  Funeral  Sermon;  Holmes' 
Hist,  nf  Cambridge  i  Cull.  Hist.  Soc.  III.  16  j 
VII.  03-07  ;  Spragne's  Annals. 

HILLIAUD,  William,  the  sun  of  Rev.  Tim- 
othy II.,  of  Cambrid!;;e,  was  a  bookseller  in  Cam- 
bridge and  Boston,  r.nd  died  at  Cambridge.  April 
27,   1830,  aged  57.     He  was  descended  from 


434 


IIILLIARD. 


Emanuel  Ililliard  of  Hampton,  N.  IT.,  who  wns 
lost  with  six  otlicrs  in  n  lioat  in  lO.J".  In  the  old 
records  his  name  stands  Em.  Hilliar.  'I'imothy 
of  Hampton,  in  KicSO,  was  ])rohal)ly  liis  son.  Mr. 
William  Ililliard  was  amonj^  the  early  and  exten- 
sive hooksellers  of  Hoston,  and  was  a  man  of 
great  worth  and  hi^'hly  resi)ected.  Throiii,'h  his 
purchase  of  the  ancient  lil)i-aries  of  monasteries 
in  Germany,  Dr.  Homer  jirocured  valuable  docu- 
ments, illustrating  tiie  labors  of  the  reformers  in 
l)iblical  learninn;.  He  left  two  sons,  Francis,  a 
lawyer  in  Boston,  and  William.  He  ])ublished 
address  to  charitable  mechanic  association,  1827; 
to  masons,  1829.  —  Sjirnr/iie's  Aitnuh. 

lIILLIAltl),  Timothy,  Ejjiscopal  minister  in 
Portland,  Me.,  the  son  of  llcv.  Timothy  H.,  of 
Cambridge,  died  in  Claremont,  N.  II.,  Jan.  2, 
1842,  aged  G4.  He  was  born  hi  IJarnstable,  grad- 
uated with  his  brother  Josei)h  at  Harvard  in  1793, 
and  was  rector  at  Portland  from  1803  to  1808. 

HILLIAIID,  JosEi'ir,  the  son  of  Kev.  Timothy 
H.,  died  at  Berwick,  !Maine,  in  1813,  aged  (i9. 
He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1793,  and  was 
the  minister  of  Berwick  from  1797  to  182i3,  when 
he  was  dismissed. 

HILLS,  EuEXEZEii,  a  colored  man,  died  in 
Vienna,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  3,  1849,  aged  110.  He  was 
born  a  slave  at  Stonington,  and  was  free  at  the 
age  of  28.  He  served  through  the  war,  was  in 
various  battles,  and  was  j)resent  at  the  surrender 
of  Burgoyne.  Can  it  be  right  to  deny  to  such  a 
man,  of  a  black  color,  the  right  of  voting,  given 
to  the  most  ignorant,  freshly-arrived  white  Irish- 
man ? 

HILLYER,  As.\,  I).  1).,  minister  of  Orange, 
N.  J.,  died  Aug.  28,  1840,  aged  76;  a  graduate 
of  Yale  in  1786.  He  was  a  native  of  Massa- 
chusetts. 

HILTON,  Edward,  the  first  settler  of  New 
Hampshire,  was  sent  over  by  the  proj)rietors  of 
Laconia,  with  his  brother  William  and  David 
Thompson  in  1623.  Ho  set  up  a  stage  for  fishery 
at  Dover.  After  fifteen  or  twenty  years  he  re- 
moved to  Squamscot  jiatcnt,  or  Exeter,  where  he 
died  about  1671,  leaving  an  estate  of  2200 
pounds.  He  left  sons  Edward,  'William,  Samuel, 
and  Charles.  His  descendants  and  those  of  his 
brother  are  numerous  in  N.  II.  and  Maine. 

HILTON,  Wi.NTiiuoi',  cohmel,  the  grandson 
of  the  precedintr,  was  killed  by  the  Indians,  while 
at  work  in  the  woods  of  Ep[)ing  in  1710.  He 
accompanied  Church  in  his  expedition  in  1704; 
and  in  1705,  with  two  hundred  and  fifty  English 
and  twenty  Indians,  went  against  Norridgewock 
on  snow  shoes  and  burned  the  Indian  wigwams 
and  chapel.  He  was  the  son  of  Edward,  and  his 
mother  Aim  was  the  daughter  of  l{ev.  S.  Dudley 
and  Ann  Winthrop,  the  sou  and  daughter  of  Gov- 
ernors Dudley  and  M'inthrop. 
HINCKLEY,  Thomas,  the  last  governor  of 


HINSDALE. 

Plymouth,  died  at  Bamstal)le  in  1705,  aged  75. 
He  was  the  son  of  Samuel  H.,  who  lived  in  Scit- 
mite  in  1636,  removed  to  Barnstahlc  in  1639,  and 
died  in  1662.  He  was  born  about  1030.  He 
was  chosen  governor  in  1680,  and  continued  in 
ollice,  except  when  uitcrruptcd  by  Andros,  till 
the  union  of  the  old  colony  with  ^lass.,  in  1692. 
Among  the  manuscripts  of  the  New  England,  or 
old  south  church  lilirary,  which  were  dejiosited  in 
1817,  hi  the  historical  library,  arc  3  vols,  folio  of 
pa])ors,  collected  by  Gov.  Hinckley. 

IlINCKLEY,  Samii:!,,  register  and  judge  of 
probate  many  years,  died  at  Northaniiitonin  1840, 
aged  83.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Yale  in  1781,  a 
descendant  of  Samuel,  who  lived  in  Scituate  in 
1638. 

HINDE,  Doctor,  family  physician  of  General 
Wolfe,  was  a  native  of  England,  born  in  1737, 
and  was  with  Wolfe  when  he  fell  on  the  jjlains 
of  Abraham  Sept.  13,  1759.  He  afterwards  set- 
tled in  Virginia  in  the  neighborhood  of  Patrick 
Henry,  whom  he  accompanied,  when  he  marched 
against  Lord  Dunmore.  His  practice  as  a  jihy- 
sician  and  surgeon  was  extcnsi\e  both  in  Virginia 
and  Kentucky,  whither  he  removed.  He  died  in 
Newjiort,  Ky.,  in  1829,  aged  92.  Educated  an 
Episcopahan,  ho  became  a  deist,  and  ridiculed 
Christianity.  When  his  wife  and  daughter 
attached  themselves  to  the  Methodists,  in  his 
rage  he  banished  his  daughter  from  his  house, 
and  to  cure  his  wife  of  her  insanity  he  ajiplied  a 
blister  to  her  spine.  But,  as  he  used  to  say, 
"  God  tin-ned  the  huge  blister  ujion  his  own 
heart."  Her  meekness  and  fortitude  under  this 
malignant  cruelty  awakened  his  attention  to  the 
religion  which  sustained  her ;  and  in  the  result 
he  became  a  Methodist.  Eor  nearly  half  a  cen- 
tury he  was  a  devout  adherent  of  that  sect  of 
Christians.  No  waking  hour  ever  jiassed,  who- 
ever might  be  present,  in  which  he  did  not  utter 
some  expression  of  admiration  for  the  Christian 
faith.  No  patient  was  visited  without  first  pray- 
ing in  secret  for  success,  nor  without  assembling 
the  family,  on  his  arrival  at  the  house,  and  ])ray- 
ing  lor  the  recovery  of  the  sick.  —  Wed.  Jonrn. 
Med.  and  I'hys.  Sciences. 

IIINMAN,  Epiuuiji,  general,  died  in  Pox- 
bury,  Conn.,  Dee.  11, 1829,  aged  76.  He  was  the 
son  of  David  of  Southbury ;  and  removed  hi  1784 
to  lloxbury,  where  he  was  thirty  years  a  mer- 
chant. He  was  a  man  of  dignified  apiiearance 
and  was  fond  of  military  life;  he  was  made  brig- 
adier-general in  1805.  The  close  of  his  life  was 
marked  by  humility  and  attachment  to  the  ortho- 
dox faith.  One  of  the  Iliuman  family,  lloyal 
K.  Ilinman,  late  secretary  of  ("onn.,  now  of  the 
city  of  New  York,  is  j)ubli.shing,  in  succc.'-ive 
numbers,  a  catalogue  of  the  first  Puritan  settlers 
of  Conn.    No.  5  was  published  1856. 

HINSDALE,  Abix  K.,  missionary  to  the  Nes- 


IIIXSDALE. 


lIOAIt. 


436 


ill  Kox- 

v,an  thu 
1  in  1784 
s  a  mer- 
jiearanee 
idc  liiig- 

life  was 

le  ortho- 

y,  lloval 

of  tlic 

ucc'c^^ive 

settlers 

the  Nes- 


torians,  died  in  T>cc.,  1812.    A  native  of  Torring- 1 
ton,  Conn.,  he  f,'radnaf('(l  at  Yale  college  in  18.'j;j;  ' 
in  Jan.,  1811,  he  sailed  from  Ho-^ton.     lie  luid  a 
qitencliless   zeal  to   jironiote  (iod'    t,'lory,  hut   he 
was  permitted   to  toil  onlj-  a  .short  time  in   the 
missionary  fiehl. 

lIINSl")AI,i:,  N.VXCY,  Miss,  died  in  Troy  May 
10,  1851,  a-^cd  82;  a  useful  teacher  of  females. 
She  was  the  dauy;Iitcr  of  llev.  Tlieodore  11.,  of 
Windsor,  Conn.  In  17!)G  she  commenced  the 
huisnessof  teaching  in  Pitt.sfield,  Mas.s.  In  1830 
she  removed  to  Troy.  In  her  last  hours  she  ex- 
claimed, "  Blessed  hope  !  blessed  hope! "  —  N.  Y. 
Observer,  June  20. 

TIINSDELL,  Ebknezer,  a  descendant  of  Rob- 
ert Hinsdale  of  Dedham  in  lO.iS,  and  afterwards 
of  Deerfleld,  died  in  ITO.'i,  aged  about  50.  He 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1727,  and  was  ordained, 
with  Stephen  Parker  and  Joscjih  Seccomh,  as  a 
missionary  to  the  Indians,  in  1733,  when  Dr. 
Sewall  ])rcached  the  ordination  sermon.  — 
Sprai/ne's  Annals. 

IHTCHCOCK,  Gad,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Pem- 
broke, Mass.,  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college 
in  1743,  and  after  a  ministry  of  fifty-five  years 
died  Aug.  H,  ISO,'},  aged  85.  He  was  frank,  affa- 
hle,  and  hospitable;  in  his  old  ago  many  profited 
bv  his  histruetions.  He  published  a  sermon  to  a 
mihtary  eom])any,  1757  ;  at  the  ordhiation  of  E. 
Hitchcock,  1771;  at  the  election,  1774;  anniver- 
sary at  Plymouth,  Dec,  1774  ;  iJudleian  lecture, 
1779. 

IHTCHCOCK,  Exos,  J).  I").,  minister  of  Pro^•i- 
deiice,  lUiode  Island,  died  Feb.  27,  1803,  aged 
58.  He  was  a  native  of  Springfield,  Mass.,  and 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  17G7.  He 
was  ordained  in  1771,  a  colleague  of  the  aged 
Mr.  Chipman,  jiastor  of  the  second  church  in 
lleverly.  At  the  commencement  of  tlie  war  his 
zeal  for  his  country's  rights  induced  him  to  be- 
come a  chaijUun  in  tlie  American  army.  IJelicv- 
iiig  that  his  duty  to  the  public  and  to  his  family 
retiuircd  that  his  connr  :tion  witli  the  church  in 
Ueverly  should  be  tUssolved,  he  was  dismissed  in 
1780.  In  intervals  of  leisure  from  duty  in  the 
camp  he  ])reached  at  Providence,  and  was  installed 
Oct.  1,  1783.  Distinguished  by  active,  habitual 
benevolence  through  life,  at  his  death  he  be- 
queathed 2500  dollars  for  the  establishment  of  a 
fund  for  the  ?n])])ort  of  the  ministry  in  his  society. 
He  paid  great  attention  to  the  education  of  youth, 
and,  while  he  wrote  upon  the  subject,  he  j)rojectcd 
and  promoted  the  establishment  of  free  schools. 
He  was  an  excellent  jireacher  and  died  in  j)eaco. 
He  ])ublislied  a  book  of  catechetical  instructions 
and  tonus  of  devotion  for  eliildren  and  youth ; 
memoirs  of  the  liloomsgrove  family,  a  work  on 
education,  2  vols.,  12mo.,  1790;  discourse  on  na- 
tional ]n'osperity  ;  farmer's  Iriend,  12mo.,  1793; 
at  a  dedication  j  on  education  j  new  ycarsj  a  ser- 


mon at  the  dedication  of  his  meeting-house,  1795  j 
an  essay  on  tlie  Lord's  siqiper  ;  at  the  ordination 
of  A.  Eiint,  1791;  of  Jonathan  (ioiild,  1793;  of 
]•',.  Piske,  1799;  on  the  death  of  Wasjiiiigton  j 
of  Mrs.  S.  liowen,  I.SOO. —  Topvan'n  Sermon 
oil  fil.i  ileiilli. 

HITCHCOCK,  SAMfKl,,  died  at  Rurlington, 
Vt.,  in  1814,  or  end  of  1813,  aged  59,  a  judge  of 
the  circuit  court  of  the  United  States,  lie  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  in  1777. 

IHTCHCOCK,  Samii.!,  J.,  judge,  died  at  New 
Haven  Aug.  31,  1845,  aged  59.  Porn  in  IJethle- 
hem,  a  graduate  at  Yale  of  1809,  he  was  a  judge 
of  a  county  court  and  the  ])riiicipal  instructor 
hi  Yale  college  law  school. 

IHTCHCOCK,  llAiivi.v  P.,  missionary  to  the 
Sandwich  Islands,  died  in  1855. 

HITE,  Isaac,  major,  an  officer  of  the  Ilevolu- 
tionary  war,  died  at  Pellegrave,  Va.,  Nov.  30, 
1830,  "aged  80. 

HOAK,Lko\ari),  M.  D.,  president  of  Harvard 
college,  died  Nov.  28,  1075,  nged  about  45.  He 
was  graduated  in  that  semuiary  in  1050,  and  in 
1053,  went  to  England  and  took  the  degree  of 
doctor  in  medicine  at  the  university  in  Cambridge. 
Ho  was  afterwards  settled  as  a  minister  of  Wen- 
sted  in  Sussex,  from  which  parish  ho  was  ejected 
for  his  nonconformity  in  1002.  He  returned  to 
this  country  in  1072,  and  jireached  a  short  thne 
as  an  assistant  to  Thomas  Thacher,  ai  the  south 
eliureh  in  Boston.  In  July  he  was  chosen  presi- 
dent, to  supply  the  loss  of  Mr.  Chauncy,  and  was 
inducted  into  this  office  Sept.  lOtli.  As  a  scholar 
and  a  Christian  'le  was  very  res])ectable ;  but 
being  deficient  in  a  sjiirit  of  government,  and  fall- 
ing under  the  disjileasure  of  a  few  men  of  influ- 
ence in  the  neighborhood,  the  students  were  thus 
encouraged  to  array  themselves  against  liim,  and 
his  situation  was  rendered  so  unpleasant  that  he 
was  under  the  neces.sity  of  resigning  his  office 
March  15,  1()75.  He  was  succeeded  by  Mr. 
Oakes.  Tlie  injuries  which  he  had  suffered  visi- 
bly affected  his  health,  and  induced  a  consump- 
tion, of  w  liich  he  died.  While  he  was  president, 
there  was  a  contribution  through  tlie  colony  for 
erecting  a  new  building  for  the  college,  and  1895 
pounds  were  collected.  A  valuable  letter  of  Dr. 
Hoar  to  Josiah  Flint,  giving  him  direction  in  his 
studies,  is  published  in  the  collections  of  the  his- 
torical society.  —  Maipuilia,  IV.  129;  Collect. 
IlUtorical  Hociety,  vi.  100-108. 

HOAR,  Jdiin,  died  at  Concord,  Mass.,  in  1701; 
he  had  lived  there  since  1000.  Mrs.  llowlandson 
was  by  him  restored  from  Indian  captivity.  His 
son,  Daniel,  was  the  great  grandfather  of  Samuel, 
the  following. 

HOAR,  Samiei.,  LL.  I).,  died  at  Concord, 
^lass.,  Nov.  2,  1850,  aged  78.  Born  in  Lincoln 
May  18,  1778,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  the 
large    and    distinguished  class    of    lbU2.      He 


436 


HOBART. 


IIOBART. 


_  practised  law  with  success  for  more  than  half  a 
century  in  Concord  j  and  he  was  a  respected  and 
lionored  citizen,  wlio  was  elected  to  various  offi- 
ces, the  duties  of  which  he  most  faithfully  dis- 
charged. In  the  State  he  was  a  representative, 
councillor,  and  senator,  and  a  member  of  congress 
in  183(i.  His  mission  to  South  Carolina  is  a  mat- 
ter of  historical  record.  Some  negro  free  citizens 
of  Massachusetts,  seamen  in  northern  vessels, 
were  imprisoned  at  Charleston  I'or  no  crime,  but 
under  certain  police  regulation*  of  the  city  con- 
cerning the  blacks.  Tlie  government  of  Massa- 
chusetts sent  Mr.  II.  ti '  harleston  to  commence 
a  suit  against  the  perjieirators  of  the  offence  in 
the  United  States  eo:-rt,  lie  was  prevented 
from  executing  his  j/iiiposp  by  a  mob  of  white 
citizens,  who  drove  I'".n  from  the  city  Dec.  5, 
1844 ;  and  the  legislature  in  a  distant  city  on  the 
same  day  passed  resolutions,  authorizing  the  gov- 
ernor to  do  what  the  mob  had  already  done.  To 
the  slaveholders  of  the  south,  who  subsist  by  the 
extorted  labor  of  slaves,  —  inherited,  or  pur- 
chased, or  begotten  by  themselves,  and  their  own 
children,  —  the  sacred  obligations  of  the  constitu- 
tion in  regard  to  the  rights  of  nil  free  citizens  of 
the  United  States,  whether  of  a  lighter  or  darker 
hue,  are  deemed  of  no  importance,  compared  with 
the  imagined  security  of  "  their  own  institution," 
as  in  soft  words  slavery  is  called.  It  is  to  be 
hoped  the  day  will  come,  when  they  will  respect 
not  only  the  rights  of  the  Northern  States  but 
the  iights  of  their  own  offspring  and  of  the  de- 
scendants of  men  kidnapped  and  brought  to  this 
country  by  the  God-abhorred  race  of  men-sU-ulers. 
Mr.  Hoar  was  a  worthy  member  of  the  Unita- 
rian church  in  Concord.  He  took  a  leading  j)art 
in  the  cause  of  temperance.  His  wife,  who  sur- 
vived him,  was  a  daughter  of  Roger  Sherman  of 
Conn.  Judge  E.  Rockwood  Hoar,  named  after  a 
classmate,  is  his  son,  with  two  other  sons  and  two 
daughters.  Ilis  classmate,  William  MInot,  has 
been  asked  to  prepare  a  memoir  of  Mr.  Hoar. 
He  published  a  speech  in  congress  on  slavery  in 
the  district  of  Columbia,  1836. 

HOBART,  Pktkr,  first  minister  of  Ilingham, 
Mass.  the  son  of  Edmund  II.,  was  born  in  Iling- 
ham, England,  in  1C04,  and  was  educated  at  the 
imiversity  of  Cambridge.  After  he  began  to 
preach,  the  impositions  of  the  prclatical  party  in- 
duced him  to  come  to  this  country.  He  arrived 
June  8,  1635,  and  in  Sept.  he  began,  with  a  num- 
ber of  'lis  friends,  a  new  plantation  at  Ilingham. 
Here  !>'>  continued  till  his  death,  Jan.  20,  1679, 
nged  74.  Four  of  his  sons  were  resiiectable  min- 
isters, Joshua  of  Southold,  L.  I.,  Jeremiah  of 
Topsfield  and  Iladdam,  Gershom  of  Groton, 
Mass.,  and  Nehemiah  of  Newton.  —  Mtvjnalia, 
III.  153-155;  Winthrop,  III.,  222;  Sprague'a 
Annals. 

HOBART,  Gershom,  second  minister  of  Gro- 


ton, died  in  1707,  aged  02.  Born  in  Ilingham, 
the  son  of  Rev.  P.  II.,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1607.  He  was  settled  in  1079,  succeeding  S. 
Willard,  and  was  succeeded  by  D.  Bradstreet, 
Trowbridge,  Dana,  and  Chajilin. 

IIOBART,  Nkiikmi.vii,  minister  of  Newton, 
the  son  of  Rev.  Peter  H.,  was  born  Nov.  21, 1648, 
and  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1007. 
After  jireaching  two  years  at  Newton,  he  was 
ordained  Dec.  23,  1074,  as  successor  of  Mr.  Eliot, 
and  died  Aug.  12,  1712,  aged  03.  Mr.  Cotton 
succeeded  him.  He  was  humble,  j)ious,  and 
learned.  He  published  a  sermon  entitled,  the 
absence  of  the  Comforter  described  and  lamented. 
—  Jlist.  Coll.  V.  207-269;  IX.  169. 

HOBART,  Jehkmtaii,  minister  of  Haddam, 
Conn.,  died  in  1715,  aged  84  ;  or,  by  another  ac- 
count, in  1717,  aged  86.  He  died  on  Sunday  in 
bis  chair  after  returning  from  public  worship. 
The  son  of  Rev.  Peter  H.,  of  Ilingham,  he  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  in  1650,  and  afterwards  liecame, 
from  1072  to  1080,  the  minister  of  Topsfield. 
Thence  he  removed,  in  1083,  to  Hempstead,  on 
Long  Island ;  but,  his  pcoi)le  ncglectuig  to  give 
liim  adequate  Rui)port,  he  left  them,  and  was  set- 
tled ill  the  ministry  at  Haddam  Nov.  14,  1700. 
One  of  liis  daughters  was  the  mother  of  David 
Braincrd. 

IIOBART,  Josmv,  died  at  ?.uthold.  Long 
Island,  in  1717,  aged  88,  in  the  forty-si.xth  year  of 
hiii  ministry.  The  son  of  Rev.  Peter  II.,  he  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  in  1650,  in  the  class  of  his 
younger  brother,  Jeremiah,  and  was  ordained  at 
Southold  in  1674. 

IIOBART,  NKHEMiAn,  minister  of  Cohasset, 
died  in  1740,  aged  42;  the  son  of  David,  and 
grandson  of  Rev.  Peter  H.  He  was  a  graduate 
of  Harvard  in  1714. 

HOBAIcT,  NoAii,  minister  of  Fairfield,  Conn., 
died  Dec.  6,  1773,  aged  08,  in  the  forty-first  year 
of  his  ministry.  He  was  the  grandson  of  Rev. 
Peter  II.,  and  the  son  of  David,  of  Ilingham. 
He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1724, 
and  was  ordained  Feb.  7,  1733,  as  the  successor 
of  Joseph  Webb.  In  a  few  years  a  number  of 
persons  in  Fairfield  ccnmty  adopted  the  Episco- 
jialian  worshij),  separating  themselves  from  the 
Congregational  churches,  and  some  of  th.  Epis- 
copal missionaries  represented  the  ministers  of 
the  country  as  not  the  true  ministers  of  Christ. 
In  consequence  of  this  he  was  induced  to  write 
upon  the  suhject  of  Presbyterian  ordination,  and 
to  vindicate  its  validity  in  a  sermon,  which  he 
preached  at  the  close  of  the  year  1740.  In  an- 
swer to  him  Mr.  Wetmore  wrote  his  vindication 
of  the  professors  of  the  church  of  England.  A 
controversy  now  commenced,  in  which  Mr.  Hobart 
had  for  his  opponents  Dr.  Johnson,  Mr.  "Wetmore, 
Mr.  Beach,  and  Mr.  Caner.  He  contended  that 
the  inhabitants  of  the  American  plantations  were 


HOBART. 


HOBBY. 


437 


,  Conn., 
first  year 
of  llev. 
ingham. 
in  1724, 
successor 
umber  of 
Episco- 
from  the 
th.  Epis- 
nistcrs  of 
of  Christ, 
to  write 
tion,  and 
which  ho 
In  nn- 
ndicatiou 
land.     A 
llobart 
rV'etmorc, 
dcd  that 
ons  were 


not  obliged  by  any  laws  of  God  or  man  to  con- 
form to  the  prelatic  church,  as  established  in  the 
south  part  of  Great  Britain  ;  that  it  was  not  ])ru- 
dent  to  embrace  the  Episcopal  communion  ;  and 
that  it  was  not  lawful  for  members  of  the  New 
England  churches  to  sejiaratc  from  them  and  pro- 
duce a  schism,  lie  also  animadverted  upon  the 
conduct  of  the  society  for  proj)agating  the  gospel 
in  foreign  parts,  and  u])on  the  misrepresentations 
of  its  missionaries.  This  controversy  lasted  a 
number  of  years,  lie  buried  two  wives,  eight 
children,  and  1093  parishioners.  His  first  wife, 
whom  he  married  Sept.  22, 1735,  was  Ellen  Sloss. 
His  relict,  I'riscilla,  died  at  Plymouth  July,  17UH, 
aged  02.  He  was  her  third  husband,  as  she  was 
liis  tliird  wife.  In  his  Ufe  he  exhibited  the  virtues 
and  in  his  death  the  resignation  and  peace  of  the 
Christian.  Not  long  before  his  dejiarture  from 
the  world,  as  some  one  remarked  to  him  that  he 
was  going  to  receive  liis  reward,  he  replied,  "  I 
am  going,  I  trust,  to  receive  the  mercy  of  God 
through  Jesus  Christ."  He  had  few  equals  in 
this  country  for  acuteness  of  genius  and  learning. 
A  sound  judgment,  a  retentive  memory,  and  an 
uncommonly  social  and  communicative  temper, 
joined  to  a  knowledge  of  books,  and  an  extensive 
acquaintance  with  most  branches  of  science,  es- 
pecially with  history  and  divinity,  which  were  his 
favorite  studies,  rendered  his  conversation  very 
interesting  and  useful.  In  the  public  oiKces  of 
religion  he  acquitted  himself  with  graceful  dig- 
nity, and  with  a  solemnity  which  indicated  a  deep 
impression  of  the  majesty  of  that  Being,  in  whose 
])rcscnce  he  appeared.  In  his  jjreaching  he  ad- 
dressed himself  to  the  understanding  rather  than 
to  the  imagination  and  passions,  inculcating  the 
great  doctrines  of  regeneration,  of  repentance 
toward  God  and  faith  in  Jesus  Christ,  and  press- 
ing with  earnestness  upon  his  hearers  the  neces- 
sity of  that  holiness,  without  which  no  man  will 
be  admitted  to  heaven.  He  published  a  sermon 
at  the  ordination  of  Noah  'Welles,  1747 ;  a  se- 
rious address  to  the  members  of  the  Episcopal 
separation  in  New  En;^land,  1748 ;  election  ser- 
mon, 1700;  a  second  address  to  the  members  of 
the  Ejjiscopal  separation  in  New  England,  1751 ; 
a  vindication  of  the  piece  entitled,  the  principles 
of  Congregational  churches,  etc.,  applied  to  tlie 
case  of  the  late  ordination  at  Wallingford,  occa- 
sioned by  remarks  made  thereon  by  ^Ir.  Hart, 
17()1;  on  the  execution  of  I.  Frazier,  17G8. — 
Welles'  Funeral  Sermon;,  Holmes}  Sprague's 
Annals. 

IIOBART,  Joiix  Sloss,  judge  of  the  district 
court  of  New  York,  was  the  son  of  the  preceding, 
and  died  Feb.  4,  1805,  aged  GO,  having  sustained 
through  life  a  blameless  character.  During  the 
war  he  was  j)laccd  in  some  of  the  most  imjiortant 
and  confidential  stations  in  New  York.  Mr.  Jay, 
Mr.  llobart,  and  Mr.  Y'ates  were  appointed  the 


three  judges  of  the  supremo  court,  first  appointed 
after  the  Revolution.  This  ])lace  ho  lii'ld  for  a 
number  of  years.  In  170S  he  was  chosen  a  sen- 
ator of  the  United  Slates. 

IIOBAKT,  John  Hk„\hy,H.  I>.,  bishop  of  New 
York,  and  jirofessor  of  theology  and  eloquence  in 
the  theological  seminary,  died  Sept.  12,  1830, 
aged  55.  He  was  born  at  I'hilndelphia,  and 
graduated  at  I'rinceton  in  1793,  and  was  a  tutor 
from  1790  to  1708.  After  being  for  somo  years 
assistant  minister  of  Trinity  church,  New  York, 
he  was  consecrated  bishop  May  20,  1811.  He 
was  also  rector  of  Trinity  parish.  The  parish  in- 
cludes Trinity  church,  St.  Paul's  ehajiel,  and  St. 
John's  ;  and  the  rector  had  three  assistant  minis- 
ters. Dr.  Hobart's  predecessors  in  the  rector- 
shi])  were  Wm.  Veazie  from  1()90  to  1740  ;  Henry 
Barclay  from  1740  to  1704 ;  Sam.  Auchmuty 
from  1704  to  1777;  Charles  Inglis,  afterwards 
bishop  of  Nova  Scotia,  from  1777  to  1783  ;  Sam. 
I'rovoost  from  1783  to  ISOO ;  Benjamhi  Moore 
from  1800  to  1810.  'While  at  Auburn  in  the 
j)erformancc  of  his  oflicinl  duties,  he  died  sud- 
denly, and  was  buried  at  New  York.  His  notions 
concerning  the  necessity  of  Eiiiscojial  ordrnation 
caused  him  to  be  ranked  among  the  high-church- 
men. He  had  a  controversy  on  the  subject  with 
1  )r.  Mason,  who  wrote  in  the  Christian',-,  magazine ; 
and  a  controversy  with  Kev.  J.  C.  Jones,  an  Epis- 
copalian, 1811.  A  collection  of  sermons  on  his 
death,  with  his  life,  was  published  in  183).  He 
imblishcd  a  companion  for  the  festivals  and  fasts, 
1804;  a  thanksgiving  sermon;  charge  to  the 
clergy,  1815  ;  address  to  the  New  York  Bible  and 
common  prayer-book  society,  1810;  to  the  Epis- 
cojial  missionary  society,  1817;  sermons  in  2 
vols.,  8vo.,  London,  1824;  a  discourse  comiiaring 
the  United  States  with  England,  1825. 

HOBBAMOC,  an  Indiah,  was  a  Pinose,  or 
chief  captain  of  Massassoit.  He  repaired  to 
Plymouth  in  July,  1021,  to  live  among  the  set- 
tlers as  their  friend,  mid  he  proved  faithful  till 
his  death.  He  was  the  giude  of  Capt.  Standish, 
when  he  went,  Aug.  14th,  against  Corbitant  at 
Namasket ;  and  he  fought  bravely  hj  his  side  in 
1023.  He  also  accomjianied  the  governor  to 
Manomet  in  1023 ;  and  was  the  guide  of  'Wins- 
low  and  John  Hampden  when  they  visited  Mas- 
sassoit  in  the  same  year.  Hubbard  describes  him 
as  "  a  proper,  lusty  young  man."  —  Jlist.  Coll. ; 
Prince. 

HOBBIE,  Si;L.\n  R.,  major,  first  assistant 
postmaster-general,  died  in  AN'ashington  March 
24,  1854,  aged  57.  He  first  served  as  a  member 
of  congress  from  Delaware  county,  N.  Y.  From 
1829  to  1850,  and  subsequently,  his  services  in 
the  post-office  department  were  very  important. 
His  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Gen.  Root,  of  Delhi, 
N.  Y. 

HOBBY,  William, minister  of  Reading,  Mass., 


438 


HODGE. 


was  piaf'uatcd  nt  Ifarvard  collcprc  in  1725,  and 
died  June  18,  17(!5,  agic'  '7,  in  tiic  tiiii-t\ -third 
year  uf  hi-  miiiistrv,  \iU  naturni  endowments 
ond  acquirements  were  uni  luiiinon.  He  jjreached 
with  fluency,  and  copiousness,  imd  fervor,  and 
much  jiromoted  the  cause  of  evan;,'elical  faith, 
which  he  zealously  esjjouseil.  As  he  went  down 
to  the  frrave,  lie  had  a  joyful,  triumphant  hojje 
of  eternal  life.  lie  left  hehind  U'V\  a  serious  ad- 
dress to  his  peo])le,  as  from  the  dead,  charf^inp; 
t  icm  toehoi.<eas  his  succi  -'.ra  faithful  preacher 
of  the  gosjiel,  wliidi  is  in  Massachusetts  mission- 
ary mufjazine,  v.  .'17  l-lf7o.  I  le  jniblished  a  vin- 
dication of  the  it'iieracy  niul  conduct  of  White- 
field,  11-16  ;  self-e;.,imination  in  its  necessity  a;. d 
advantafi;e! .  '"UJ;  artillery  eltctionsermo;,  1747  ; 
vindication  of  the  protest  ajt^iinst  Jonathan  jmI- 
Vurds' dismission,  17iJl. 

HODGE  H.\.\x.vii,  Mrs.,  died  iu  Philadelphi.. 
Dec.  17,  180.5,  aged  84.  She  ',vn<  a  woman  of 
memorable  Christian  exccllmice.  She  was  of 
English  and  Huguenot  descent,  and  'I'onme  early 
pious,  joining  trie  cinr'.h  formed  by  LJilbertTen- 
ncnt  Til  M)i!adeli)hiain  174;j,oneof  the  first  mcm- 
hers,  imd  S-.t  more  ihin  sixty  years  its  ornament. 
She  pf'  1  med  'i:>  deeds  which  gain  t!ie  a])plause 
of  the  \.:\]d  ;  bn*  'he  was  a xvcnian  of  deep  jnety 
and  arlive  L'!K'vo;ij;i(o.  lier  imsband,  who  died 
in  1783,  left  i.s'i  !.is  estiito  which,  ai'ter  her  death, 
was  lo  be  a  iuui'  fo/  the  education  in  Princeton 
fiolloj.'je  of  poMV  young  mm,  destined  for  the  min- 
i-.iry.  liii:  i>]je  conthiued  bis  business,  the  profits 
of  wiiich  'lie  expended  in  charity.  She  had  good 
common  sense,  strong  jjassions  under  control, 
ffrcat  affidjiliiy  and  kindness  j  and  she  was  hum- 
Lie  and  truly  pious. —  Asscnibli/'s  Magazine,  180C. 
HODGES,  A.  W.,  a  murderer,  was  hung  in 
Torlida  May  4,  1811,  for  whipping  to  death  one 
of  his  slaves.  Though  the  jury  recommended 
him  to  mercy,  the  governor  would  not  listen  to 
the  recommendation.  Ue  was  a  member  of  the 
executive  council. 

HODKINSON,  Joiix,  a  distinguished  theatri- 
cal performer,  died  at  Washington  in  1805,  aged 
38.  He  came  from  England  in  1792.  His  wife, 
a  distinguished  actress,  died  in  1804.  He  pub- 
lished a  narrative  of  the  old  American  company 
of  comedians. 

HOFFMAN,  Josuii  Ogden,  judge,  died  at 
New  York  Jan.  24,  1837.  He  was  a  judge  of 
the  supreme  court  of  the  city. 

HOFFMAN,  Michael,  died  at  Brooklyn  Sept. 
27,  1848,  aged  60.  He  lived  first  as  a  physician 
in  Herkimer  county,  and  was  long  a  niem!)er  of 
congress.  He  was  a  canal  commissioner  in  1833. 
For  years  a  member  of  tlie  assembly,  he  showed 
the  talents  of  a  debater,  and  statesman,  and  finan- 
cier, and  the  honest  devotion  of  a  patriot  to  the 
interests  of  the  State  of  New  York. 
HOFFMAN,  David,  LL.  U.,  died  at  New  York 


HOLDEN. 

Nov.  11,  1854,  aged  nearly  70.  Horn  in  Balti- 
more, he  was  ii  lawyer  and  for  twenty  years  ])ro- 
fcssor  of  law  in  Maryland  university.  He  pub- 
lished a  course  of  legal  study,  1H17  ;  legal  outlines, 
lN3(i ;  miscellaneous  thoughts ;  and  Viator,  1841 ; 
legal  hints,  1840.  He  had  jjrcpared  chronicles, 
etc.,  in  spvcral  volumes. —  Ci/r.  of  Aiiirr.  Lit. 

HOFFMAN,  Ogden,  died  in  New  York  May 
1,  185(!,  aged  <i2  ;  a  distin.^/tl'il-.ed  lawyer.  Ho 
was  a  son  of  Juil^v  .losin!)  <lt'''?n  Hofl'man  j  ho 
commenced  tbo  pruciico  m  C  (  i.fn.  i  or  years 
afler  1830  lie  vfas  ..  iviend)er  .if  con:^rt<s.  His 
second  wife,  N'ii'guu:!,  Jiiaghtcr  of  S,  T,.  S'  ithard, 
survived  him. 

1K)GE,  Mcs'..  J).  I'  .  presii..  it  <■'  M  ipdcn 
Sidi:i',-  college,  \  irginia,  died  at  I'liil.n!' iiihia  in 
July,  i.'-i'iO,  aged  )".  His  son.  Rev.  Sanuiel  Da- 
vies  Hogy,  profci.:(or  of  natural  f.cicnees  in  the 
i  university  of  Ohio,  died  at  Athens,  O.,  Def.  25, 
1820,  aged  33.  Ah'  r  the  death  of  Dr.  J'lge,  a 
vohaiioof  ins  ^vrmons  wa.s  j  ijlilltilie.l. 

liOL]!R'..!OK,  Abiaii,  a  schooanwter  in  Bo.s- 
ton,  V.  AS  mister  of  tb'j  siiu ''  writiiit;  school,  and 
died  Tan.  ..'V,  1769,  ii^fcd  5'.'  (le  was  an  exem- 
plary Cluisiian.  Hi.'  brought  penmani^hip  to  a 
perfection  before  unknown  in  this  country.  A 
sjjecimen  of  Ids  skill  is  in  the  library  of  Harvard 
college. 

HOLBROOK,  Amos,  Dr.,  died  at  Milton,  Mass., 
in  June,  IS  12,  aged  88. 

IIOLBBOOK,  Josun,  died  near  Lynchburg, 
Va.,  by  faliisijc  into  Black  Kock  Creek  while  on  a 
geological  f.v;ursion,  June  17, 1854,  aged  65.  He 
was  born  at  j  )erl)y,  and  was  a  graduate  of  Yale 
in  1810.  He  devoted  himself  to  the  cause  of 
popular  education,  and  diffused  a  love  of  min- 
eralogy. 

UOLCOMB,  llEUBEN,  minister  of  Sterh'ng, 
JIass.,  died  in  1820,  aged  about  72.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  in  J  774,  and  succeeded  J.  Mellen  in 
1779.  He  left  r200  dollars  to  missionary  and 
education  societies,  and  250  dollars  to  the  minis- 
terial fund  of  Boylston. 

HOLCOMBE,  Henry,  D.  D.,  minister  of  the 
first  Baptist  church  in  Philadelphia,  died  May  22, 
1824,  aged  61. 

HOLDEN,  Samuel,  a  benefactor  of  the  prov- 
ince of  Massachusetts,  died  in  London  in  1740. 
A  sermon ^n  his  death  was  preach"''  in  Boston 
by  Dr.  Colman,  before  the  gem  ourt.  Mr. 
Holder  was  at  the  head  of  the  disi,.  nters  in  Eng- 
land, and  at  the  head  of  the  bank  of  England. 
Such  was  his  benevolence  and  regard  to  religion, 
that  he  sent  to  Dr.  Colman  thirty-nine  sets  of 
Baxter's  practical  works,  in  four  massy  folios,  to 
be  distributed  among  our  churches.  The  amount 
of  his  charities  for  promoting  the  gospel  and 
other  useful  purposes  was  4,847  jjounds.  After 
his  death  his  widow  and  daughters  gave  in  the 
same  liberal  and  benevolent  spiiit  5,585  pounds. 


HOLLAND. 


HOLMES. 


439 


'>SC,  a 


the  prov- 
in  1740. 
1  Boston 
lurt.  Mr. 
8  in  Eng- 
Enpland. 


HoUlcn  chapel  for  the  collc<3;o  at  Cambridge  was 
built  hy  their  donation.  Mr.  lloiden  wa;i  a  man 
of  unfeigned  jnety.  He  say.s  in  a  letter :  "  I  hoj)e 
my  trea.surc  is  in  heaven,  and  would  to  God  my 
heart  were  more  tiiere.  Abstract  from  God  and 
futurity,  1  would  mt  acccj)t  of  an  eternity  liere  in 
any  given  circumstances  whatever." —  i'ulman's 
Sermon. 

HOLLAND,  Anu.\iiAM,  Dr.,  died  at  "Walpole, 
N.  H.,  March  1,  1817,  aged  9G.  He  was  u  grad- 
uate of  1770. 

HOLLENBACK,  INLvTniiAS,  judge,  a  patriot 
of  the  llevolution,  died  at  Wilkesbarre  Feb.  18, 
1820,  aged  70.  He  »vas  an  early  settler  in  the 
valley  of  Wyoming.  Whcm  the  valley  was  deso- 
lated by  the  Indians  under  Butler,  he  was  one  of 
the  few  who  escaped,  while  his  corps  was  mostly 
destroyed.  Li  the  lltvolutionary  army  he  was  a 
lieutenant,  and  afterwards  engaged  in  the  pro- 
fession of  the  law.  He  had  a  sound  judgment 
and  much  decision  of  character. 

HOLLEY,  HoiiACE.LL.  D.,  president  of  Tran- 
sylvania university,  Kentucky,  died  July  31,  1827, 
aged  46.  He  was  born  in  Salisbury,  Conn.,  Feb. 
13,  1781;  wasgraduatod  at  Yale  college  in  1803; 
in  1805  was  ordained  as  the  minister  of  Greenfield 
Hill,  Fairfield,  and  in  1809  installed  the  minister 
of  HoUis  street,  Boston.  Li  1818  he  became  the 
president  of  the  university  of  Kentucky  in  Lex- 
ington, but  was  induced  to  resign  his  office  in 
1827.  On  his  voyage  to  New  York  he  died  of 
the  yellow  fever.  He  was  settled  in  Connecticut 
as  a  Ciilvinist;  but,  renounchij;-  his  early  faith,  he 
was  at  Boston  a  Unitarian.  In  Kentucky  his  re- 
h'gious  views  occasioned  much  excitement.  Some 
accused  him  of  beir.g  openly  a  Deist.  It  was 
found  (hat  the  college  would  not  flourish  under 
his  care.  He  pu'jlishcd  a  discourse  on  the  death 
of  Col.  James  Morrison,  1823.  His  memoirs 
were  written  by  bis  widow. 

IIOLLKY,  Mary  Austin,  died  at  New  Or- 
leans Aug.  2,  184(>,  widow  of  llev.  Horace  II. 
She  emigrated  to  Texas  under  the  protection  of 
Gen.  S.  T.  Austin ;  and  she  published  a  history 
of  Texas. 

HOLLINGSHKAD,  William,  D.  D.,  minister 
of  Charlestoiv,  S.  C,  was  the  son  of  Wm.  IL,  of 
Wakctield,  IViiii.  He  graduated  at  the  univer- 
sil\  of  Penn.sxKania  in  1770.  About  the  year 
1TS3  Ik  succLHxlcd  Mr.  Tennent  as  the  pastor  of 
the  Congregational  cluu'ch  in  Charleston,  whore 
he  died  Jan.  20,  1817.  J.  Keith  was  associate 
pastor  hi  1788.  He  was  a  distinguished  ihcHjlogian. 
He  published  a  sermon  on  openi'ng  the  new 
meeting-house,  1787  ;  on  the  advantages  of  public 
woiNhip,  1794;  commemorative  of  Gen.  !Moultrie, 
ISO^V  —  Hpracjucs  Annals. 

HOLLIS,  Thomas,  a  most  liberal  benefactor 
of  Harvard  college,  was  born  in  England  in 
IGoO,  of  pious  parents,  and,  being  impressed  by 


religious  tnith  and  having  embraced  the  principles 
of  the  Baptists,  was  baptized  in  1079.  He  died 
in  Fell.,  1731,  aged  al)ont  72.  He  was  for  many 
years  on  eminent  merchant,  and,  while  success 
attended  his  exertions,  it  pleased  God  to  incline 
him  also  to  charitable  and  benevolent  deeds  in 
[jrojiortion  to  his  wealth.  He  foimded  two  pro- 
fessorships in  Harvard  college,  the  professorship 
of  divinity  and  mathematics.  He  also  presented 
a  valuable  ajiijaratus  for  matiiematieal  and  jihilo- 
sophical  ex])eriments,  and  at  ditlerent  times  aug- 
mented the  library  with  many  valuable  books.  In 
1727  the  net  ])roduce  of  his  donation,  exclusive 
of  giits  not  vendible,  amounted  to  4900  pounds, 
the  interest  of  which  he  directed  to  be  appropri- 
ated to  the  su])port  of  the  tivo  professors,  to  the 
treasurer  of  the  college,  and  to  ten  jjoor  students 
in  divinity.  'J"hc  liberality  of  Mr.  llollis  seemed 
to  proceed  from  a  ])ious  heart.  He  says  in  a  let- 
ter, after  sjieakiiig  of  some  of  his  eftbrts  to  do 
good:  "  I  think  not  hereby  to  be  justified.  My 
rejoicing  is  hi  Christ,  my  God  and  Saviour."  He 
also  ascribes  i.ll  that  he  was,  "  to  rich,  free,  and 
sovereign,  eleetiiig  love."  Being  a  Calvinist  in 
liis  sentiments,  he  required  his  jjrofessor  of  divinity 
to  bo  "  of  sound  or  orthodox  princi])les."  Still 
he  was  not  governed  by  a  sectarian  sjjirit ;  he  did 
not  require  the  pret'ercnce  of  his  own  Bajitist 
denomination;  but  the  jjrofessorship  was  open  to 
every  one,  who,  in  his  view,  embraced  the  impor- 
tant and  fundamental  doctrines  of  the  gospel. 
His  first  professor  was  Dr.  AVigglesworth.  His 
nephew,  Thomas  llollis,  who  died  in  1774,  had  a 
most  ardent  attachment  to  liberty,  and  endeavored 
to  jjromote  it  by  the  publication  and  distribution 
of  books  which  vindicate  the  rights  of  man.  His 
benefactions  to  the  library  of  Harvard  college 
amounted  to  about  1400  pounds.  —  ( 'nlman's  and 
Wi</(/lcsworth's  ScrnuiHti ;  Gfccnu-ood's  DUconrse 
and  liiuhVs  I'ocm  on  hln  death  ;  Memoirs  of  T. 
Ilolliny  I.  1 ;  n.  oOS-OOl ;  Momcs  'True  Reasons, 
etc. ;  Holmes. 

HOLMES,  John,  minister  of  Duxbury,  ^lass., 
died  Dec.  24,  loT.J.  Although  he  was  itot  a 
graduate  of  the  college  at  Caniliridge,  he  studied 
theology  with  Vresident  Chauncy  in  10 j8;  and 
soon  succeeded  1{.  Partridge,  the  first  minister  of 
Duxbury,  and  was  the  pastor  about  thirty-seven 
years.  His  successors  were  Wiswall,  Kobinson, 
Veazie,  TurneiN  and  Drs.  Sanger  and  Allyn.  As 
Elder  Bivwsler  Iniilta  house  in  I),  and  lived  there 
for  a  time,  some  have  regarded  liim  as  the  first 
teacher  of  the  people. 

HOLLIES,  OiiADiAii,  Baptist  minister,  died  at 
Newport,  11.  I.,  in  1082,  aged  'o.  He  was  of 
Salem  church  before  1039,  and  became  a  Bajjtist 
at  Rohoboth.  His  descendants  were  estimated  at 
five  thousand  in  1790. — Benedict's  Hist,  llaiitists. 

HOLLIES,  David,  governor  of  Mississippi, 
died  Aug.  20,  1832. 


440 


HOLMES. 


IIOLYOKE. 


HOLMES,  AniF.i.,  D.  I).,  died  at  Cambridge 
June  4,  1837,  nm'd  I'.i.  A  nntivc  of  Woodstock, 
Conn.,  tho  son  of  ])r.  David  II.,  a  patriot  wlio  died 
in  1779,  hi'  >,'raduati'd  at  Yale  in  llH'.i ;  was  |Kistor 
of  a  chnrcii  in  Midway,  Geo.,  as  Riicccssor  of 
Moses  Allen,  from  l7H.j  to  1701;  and  in  1792 
was  settled  at  Cumltrid^c,  Mass.,  over  the  first 
chnrcli,  and  remained  i)astor  till  IS.'JJ,  when  he 
vas  dismissed.  Ili.'i  first  wile  was  tlie  daiij,'lifer 
of  President  Stileii  j  ills  second  the  d>iii|j;liter  of 
Judf.'c  Oliver  AVcndeli.  A  memoir  of  him  iiy  Dr. 
Jenlis,  is  in  hist,  eojl.ilid  scries,  vol.  vii.,  towhieh 
is  added  a  list  of  liis  numerous  sermons  and  other 
vritinf^H,  whieh  also  nniy  he  seen  in  Dr.  Hjjraj^ue's 
annals  of  the  American  puljiit.  He  published 
nearly  tliirty  sermons  and  disquisitions  j  among 
them  sermons  on  the  deatlis  of  Gov.  Sumner, 
AViishington.l'rcsident  AVillard,  and  J)rs.  'I'aiipaii 
and  Osgood;  a  century  sermon,  1801;  at  I'iy- 
month,  1800;  on  the  landing  at  I'lyniouth,  1820; 
history  of  ]",nglisii  translations  of  the  hilde ;  at 
ordination  of  J).  Kendall,  IHO;);  of  W.  Daseom, 
1803;  of  J.  Uartlett,  1811;  of  T.  H.  Gannett, 
1811;  of  II.  Jlildreth,  1825;  at  the  inauguration 
of  E.  I'orter,  1812;  two  discourses  on  the  second 
century,  1821;  convention  sermon,  1819;  Dnd- 
leian  lecture,  1810;  to  the  antiquarian  society, 
1814;  the  life  of  Stiles,  1798;  American  annals, 
hi  2  vols.,  1800  ;  a  new  edition,  1829.  —  Sprugue's 
Annals, 

HOLMES,  John,  died  at  Portland,  Me.,  July 
7,  1843,  aged  70.  He  was  born  on  Capo  Cod, 
but  in  early  life  removed  to  Alaino,  and,  residing 
at  Alfred,  became  eminent  as  a  lawyer.  He  was 
a  distinguished  member  of  the  convention  which 
framed  tlie  constitution  of  Maine,  and  its  first 
senator.  lie  was  a  representative  in  congress, 
1817-1820;  and  senator,  1820-'27,  and  1828-'33. 
At  tlie  time  of  his  death  he  was  district  attorney 
for  Maine.  He  was  many  years  a  trustee  of 
Bowdoin  college. 

H0L:.I1:S,  J.uikz,  M.  D.,  died  at  Bristol,  R.I , 
Nov.  4,  1851.  He  was  vice-president  of  the 
medical  society,  and  li  'd  been  in  extensive  practice 
nearly  forty  years. 

H()T/r,  John,  a  printer  in  New  York,  died  Jan. 
30,  1784,  aged  04.  He  was  a  native  of  Virginia, 
and  settled  as  a  merchant  in  Williamsburg,  of 
wliicli  place  he  was  elected  niay(U'.  Being  un- 
successful hi  business,  he  repaired  in  1760  to 
New  Y'ork,  where  ho  jniblished  the  New  York 
Gazette  and  Postboy,  and  in  17<)(),  the  New  Y'ork 
Journal.  In  tlie  llevolution  he  was  a  firm  whig; 
he  was  an  excellent  writer  in  favor  of  his  country. 
While  the  British  had  possession  of  the  city,  he 
luiblished  his  journal  at  Esojms  and  I'oughkeep- 
sie  ;  he  inserted  in  it  Burgoyne's  boastful  procla- 
mation, and  subjoined,  —  "pride  goeth  before 
destruction,  and  a  lunighfy  spirit  before  afdl." 
By  the  enemy  he  lost  muc.'.i  propertj-.     His  widow 


printed  o  memorial  of  him  on  cards,  which  she 
dish-ibnted  among  her  friends.  —  T/iomiis,  II.  105. 

llOI/r,  X.vrilA.N,  minister  of  Danvers,  Mass,, 
died  Aug.  2,  1792,  aged  07.  Born  in  Andover, 
he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1757,  and  was  or- 
dained Jan.  3,  1759.  Key.  T.  PhillipB  preached 
his  ordination  sermr)n. 

HOLT,  Fiiii.i,i),  minister  of  Bloomfield,  Mc, 
died  Nov.  15,  1830,  aged  about  45.  Born  in 
Hollis,  N.  11.,  he  graduated  at  Middlebury,  1810, 
and  studied  theology  at  Andover.  lie  was  set- 
tled in  1815  willi  liberty  to  emjiloy  half  his  time 
in  missionary  labors.  For  years  he  thus  ])reached 
tlic  gosjx'l  fiiitlifullx  ill  the  missionary  settlements. 
His  ardent  feelings  ,!;ave  an  aceej)tal)le  nnetion  to 
his  public  ministrations.  Ho  was  familiar  and 
affectionate.  —  T(ij)j/(in's  Sermon. 

HOLT,  Thomas,  minister  of  Hardwick,  Mass., 
died  in  1830,  aged  71.  Horn  in  Meriden,  Conn., 
he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1784,  was  settled  in 
1789,  and  was  dismissed  in  1805.  He  was  then 
tlie  niiiiister  of  Chcliacco  church  in  Ijiswich,  from 
1809  to  1813;  and  afterwards  lived  on  a  farm  in 
Hardwick.  He  published  a  sermon  at  the  ordi- 
nation of  Reed  I'aigc. 

HOLT,  Petich,  minister  of  Ejijiing,  died  at 
Greenfield,  N.  H.,  Alarch  25, 1851,  aged  about  80. 
He  was  a  graduate  of  Harvard  in  1790;  and  his 
classmate,  Benjamin  Ilasey,  a  lawyer  of  Tojis- 
ham,  Mc.,  died  on  the  jirevious  day,  March  24th. 
He  was  twenty-eight  years  the  minister  of  Epping, 
six  at  Exeter,  and  eight  at  Peterliorough. 

HOLT,  CiiAiiLKS,  an  aged  newspajier  editor, 
died  at  Jersey  City  July  30,  1852. 

HOLTEN,  SAMt'Ei,,  president  of  congicsM,  was 
born  in  Danvers,  Mass.,  June  9,  1738,  and  stilled 
in  tliat  town  as  ii  physician.  In  the  Kevolulioii 
he  zealously  espoused  the  cause  of  his  country. 
In  1778  he  was  elected  a  member  of  congress, 
and  continued  in  that  body  five  years.  He  was 
again  elected  in  1793;  and  in  1790  was  aiijiointed 
judge  of  probate  for  the  county  of  Essex,  which 
oflice  he  rcsignt  i  in  May,  1815,  after  having  been 
in  public  stations  forty-seven  years.  He  died  in 
Christian  peace  Jan.  2,  181G,  aged  77.  Willi  a 
majestic  form,  a  graceful  person,  and  engaging 
manners,  he  was  eminently  popular.  Of  all  the 
public  and  private  virtues  he  was  a  bright  ex- 
ample; and  he  was  pious  from  early  life. — 
Thfirlicr. 

IIOLYOKE,  Edwarp,  president  of  Ilanard 
college,  died  June  1,  1709,  aged  nearly  80.  He 
was  born  in  Boston,  1089,  the  son  of  Elizur.  He 
was  graduated  in  the  seminary  in  1705,  and,  after 
being  a  tutor  for  a  few  years,  was  ordained  the 
minister,  of  a  new  society  in  Marblehead,  Ajiril 
25,  1710.  He  continued  in  this  place  until  1737, 
when  lie  was  elected  president.  He  was  inducted 
into  this  office  as  the  successor  of  President 
Widsworth  Sept.  28th.    He  retained  tiic  vigor 


IIOLYOKE. 


iiOMi:s. 


441 


I'CHH,  wns 

(1  sctllwl 

jvollltiou 

country. 

congress, 

lie  wns 

ijjpoiiitcd 

>.\,  which 

,inf{  liccn 

(lied  in 

With  a 


the  vijjor 


of  hid  mind  and  considrrnlilo  strongth  of  liodvt  I 
nnd  duclinrKcd  the  dutirs  of  his  station  until  a 
few  monc'is  hcforc  bin  death,  lie  wdH  succeeded 
hy  Mr.  Locke.  Ah  a  minister  of  the  ronijcI,  while 
ho  contended  for  the  free  and  sovereifjii  j^race  of 
(jod  in  our  Nalvation,  he  was  also  zealous  for  good 
■works,  ond  hy  his  benevolence,  ujirightness,  and 
the  uniform  integrity  of  his  conduct  he  exempli- 
fied the  lessons,  which  he  inculcated  upon  others. 
His  excellence  as  a  preacher  was  such  ns  gained 
him  a  high  re])utation.  At  the  hea<l  of  the  inii- 
vcr.-iity  lie  ])osscs,sed  a  dignity  ])eculiar  to  himself. 
His  majestic  ai)pearance,his  sijcech,  and  demeanor 
were  calculated  to  impress  with  awej  hut,  not- 
withstaiuling  his  air  of  dignity  and  authority,  he 
was  humble  in  heart,  lie  sought  not  praise  from 
men,  hut  endeavored  to  secure  the  apj)rot)ation  of 
God.  Having  a  vigorous  constitution,  and  know- 
ing the  value  of  time,  his  hours  were  appropriated 
to  particidar  duties,  and  he  was  remarkable  for 
his  punctuality,  exactness,  and  order.  He  was 
eminent  in  tiie  various  walks  of  literature,  but  he 
principally  excelled  in  acquaintance  with  mathe- 
matics and  natural  jihilosojihy.  He  jjublished  an 
election  sermon  i  at  the  ordination  of  J.  Diman, 
17U7i  at  a  convention  of  ministers,  1741 ;  an  an- 
swer to  Mr.  AVhitefleld,  17H.  —  Appleton's  Hcr- 
monoiiliis  (It'dtli ;  SupalCs  Orat.  Funch.;  Hist. 
Cull.  vni.  70-75;  X.  158;  Holmes;  Sprayue's 
Annals. 

HOLYOKE,  Edward  Auovstus,  M.  D.,  a 
pHysician  of  Salem,  Mass.,  son  of  the  preceding, 
was  horn  in  Marblehead  Aug.  13, 1728,  graduated 
at  Harvard  college  in  1740,  and  died  at  Salem 
March  31,  182!),  aged  100  years  and  between  7  and 
8  months.  He  was  born  just  one  hundred  years 
after  the  settlement  of  Salem.  He  was  married, 
first  ui  1755,  nnd  a  second  time  iu  1759.  By  his 
second  wife  he  had  twelve  children,  of  whom  only 
two  survived  him.  He  had  been  a  practising  phy- 
sician in  Salem  seventy-nine  years;  for  two  years 
he  had  no  case  excepting  a  whitlow ;  for  many 
years  ho  had  almost  all  the  jiroctice  in  the  town ;  on 
some  days  he  made  one  hundred  visits,  and  at  one 
j)eriod,  as  he  said,  there  was  not  a  dwelling-house 
in  Salem  which  he  had  not  visited  professionally. 
He  enjoyed  during  liis  long  life  almost  uninter- 
rujjted  health,  which  may  be  ascribed  to  his  exer- 
cise, and  great  temperance,  to  the  calmness  and 
cheerfulness  of  his  disposition,  his  virtuous  prac- 
tice, and  his  pious  sentiments.  On  his  centennial 
anniversary,  Aug.  13,  1828,  about  fifty  medical 
gentlemen  of  Boston  and  Salem  gave  him  a  pub- 
lic duiiier,  when  he  appeared  among  them  with  a 
firm  step  and  cheerful  look.  He  smoked  his  j)ipe 
with  them  at  the  table,  and  gave  an  a])proj)riate 
toast  relating  to  the  medical  society  and  its  mem- 
bers. A  memoir  of  his  life  and  character  has 
been  published. 

HOLYOKE,    Elizur,    minister  of  Boxford, 
56 


Mans.,  died  in  1800,  aged  75.  Born  in  Boston, 
ho  graduated  nt  Harvard  in  17i'0;  he  was  settled 
in  17.V.). 

IIOI.YOK/  Samikt.,  a  teacher  of  music,  died 
at  Coneord,  X.  H.,  in  l-'eb,,  1M20.  He  graduated 
at  Harvard  17H0.  He  published  dihunliian  re- 
imsitoiy  of  sacred  harmony;  occasional  music, 
Ivxeter,  1K(»2. 

HOMER,  fii-diKii;  Jdt,  died  in  Boston  Juno 
7,  IS  15,  aged  03.  He  was  a  merchant  of  the  firm 
of  Homes  \-  Homer,  and  a  man  of  iniceasing  and 
mcmoral)le  beneficence.  Even  when  young,  with 
an  income  of  500  dollars,  lie  gave  half  of  it  in 
charity  ;  and  in  this  ;  ..inner  he  gave  through  life. 
His  son,  lU'v.  B.  Homer,  died  before  him. 

HOMl'.B,  Jonathan,  1).  1).,  died  at  Newton, 
Mass.,  Aug.  1 1 ,  IM 13,  aged  H 1.  He  was  descended 
from  John,  who  came  to  Boston  in  1070.  His 
father  was  Michael,  a  miuson.  He  graduated  nt 
Harvard  in  1777.  He  was  pious  and  learned. 
His  great  affliction  was  the  loss  of  his  son,  Jona- 
than, a  graduate  of  1803,  who  died  the  next  year. 
He  devoted  much  time  to  n  comjiarison  of  old 
editions  of  the  Bible.  A  part  of  ])r.  Codman's 
sermon  on  his  death  was  |)ublished  in  the  Boston 
Becorder  of  Aug.  17.  He  published  artillery 
election  sermon,  1790;  a  cent\iry  sermon,  Dec 
25,  1791 ;  a  history  of  Newton  in  hist,  coll.,  vol. 
I;  mourner's  friend,  a  sermon,  1793;  the  way  of 
God  vindicated,  on  the  death  of  his  only  child, 
1804  ;  before  the  society  for  jjronioting  Christian 
knowledge,  1828.  —  S]>r(if/He\i  Annals. 

HOMEK,  Williaxi  Buadkoud,  minister  of 
South  Berwick,  Me.,  died  March  22,  1841,  aged 
24.  He  had  been  settled  only  four  months.  He 
graduated  at  Amherst  in  1830.  His  father  was 
George  J.  Homer  of  Boston ;  his  mother  was  a 
descendant  of  Gov.  Bradford.  His  writings  were 
edited  by  E.  A.  Bark,  who  also  published  a  me- 
moir of  him,  2d  ed.,  1849. 

HOMER.  Elmira,  the  last  of  the  Turkey  Hill 
Indians,  died  _t  the  ancient  wigwam  of  the  tribe 
in  New  Milford,  Conn.,m  Dec.,  1852.  About  the 
same  time  died  Sally  Maminash,  the  last  of  the 
Indians  at  Northampton. 

IICMES,  William,  minister  of  Martha's  Vine- 
yard, died  June  20,  1740,  aged  83.  He  was  bom 
in  1003  in  the  north  of  Ireland,  and  was  Uberally 
educated.  He  came  to  this  country  iu  1080,  and 
taught  a  school  three  years  on  the  Vineyard ; 
then  returned  to  Ireland  and  was  ordained  in  1092 
the  minister  of  Strabane.  He  came  again  to  this 
country  in  1714,  and  in  1715  was  settled  at  Chil- 
.nark,  where  he  died.  His  son,  Capt.  Robert 
Homes,  married  Mary,  a  sister  of  Dr.  Franklin; 
a  daughter  married  Col.  Jonathan  Allen  of  Cliil- 
mark.  lie  was  a  learned,  judicious,  orthodox  the- 
ologian, attached  to  the  Presbyterian  forms,  and 
eminently  pious.  He  published  a  sermon  on  the 
Sabbath ;  on  the  public  reading  of  the  Scriptures  j 


442 


IIOMKS. 


Ill 


on  church  Kovcnmu'Mt,  IT.'t'J;  on  xpcrct  jiraycr) 
on  the  is'ovci'rinii'iil  of  ClirUli.iii  riimlli(^<,  IT  I". 

II().MI',S,IIi.M!V,(lliilin  .Mi(l(lk'l)i(riMij;li,.MiisN., 

Oct.  1!>,  lKl.j,ii(;c<l()!».     IliN  liithir.  Williii licil 

in  Itdston  ill  Isi'.i,  a;;i(l  n;1  j  and  /lis  falhor,  Wil- 
liam, a  goldsmith,  wIid  niarrird  liclifcca,  (laii;,'litfi' 
of  Th(Jii''M  Daucs,  (litil  ill  IT.Si),  iif,'((l  (il».  'i'iic 
luNt  was  Hie  M)ii  rif  ('apt.  Jtolicrt,  who  iiiariicd 
Mury,  thi' sister  ol'  Dr.  Franklin  ;  and  /ic  was  the 
son  of  Jic'v.  W.  Homes  of  Marllui's  Vineyard.  — 
lie  was  senior  partner  of  the  firm  of  llonies,  Ho- 
mer &  Co.,  lloston.  (leorj^o  J.  Homer  died  n 
short  time  before  him,  Jinie  7,  IHl.j.  Of  xiieli 
integrity  was  he,  that  lie  received  from  London  a 
very  Iionorahle  token  of  res]ieet  from  ii  house, 
with  which  he  had  for  forty  or  fllty  j ears  trans- 
acted liusincHH.  He  was  ii  man  of  lienevolence, 
charity,  and  piety,  —  one  of  the  founders  of  I'ark 
street  church.  For  more  than  forty  years  he  and 
his  jjarlncr  were  not  only  united  in  business 
but  in  Christian  labors.  JJefore  the  tract  so- 
ciety was  formed,  their  store  was  a  dej)ository  of 
religious  tracts  j  before  the  education  society,  they 
were  accustomed  to  make  loans  to  young  men. 
The  writer  of  this  has  now  in  his  library  n  folio 
Greek  testament,  given  to  him  as  a  student  in  the- 
ology half  a  century  ago  by  Mr.  Homes.  He  ac- 
cumulated ])roi)crty — not  for  self-indulgence  — 
but  to  do  good  with  it  from  day  to  day,  in  a  mul- 
titude of  charitable  ways,  instead  of  reserving  it 
for  a  huge,  fame-drawing  bccjucst.  To  what  lay- 
mai.  has  the  religious  stat'>  of  IJostnn  for  the  last 
half-century  been  more  indebted  than  to  Henry 
Homes  ?  His  son  was  the  well-known  missionary 
in  Constantinoi)lo.  His  last  words  were,  "  Lord 
Jesus,  come  quickly  I  " — Dr.  E.  Beccher's  ISenn. 
onJiis  death  in  Ilcconlcr,  Oct.  30. 

HONE,  Philip,  died  at  New  York,  May  5, 
1851,  aged  70;  a  merchant  and  philanthropist. 

HONEYWOOD,  St.  John,  a  poet,  died  Sept. 
1,  1798,  aged  33.  He  was  born  in  Leicester, 
Mass.,  in  1704.  His  father,  a  man  of  hterature, 
■who  came  from  England,  died  as  a  surgeon  in  the 
American  army  at  Ticonderoga  in  17  70.  IJy  the 
generosity  of  individuals  he  was  educated,  and 
was  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1782.  Having 
studied  law  at  Albany,  he  settled  in  the  jjractice 
at  Salem,  N.  Y.,  where  he  died.  His  miscellane- 
ous writings,  prose  and  verse,  were  pul)lisiied  in 
1801.  —  Specimens  American  Poetry,  ii.  43. 

IIONTAN,  Baron  i.a,  a  traveller,  w  as  an  officer 
of  the  French  army,  and  first  went  out  to  Quebec 
in  1083.  For  four  years  he  was  stationed  chiefly 
at  Chambly,  fort  Frontenac,  Niagara,  St.  Josej)h 
at  lake  Huron,  and  the  Sault  de  St.  Marie.  In 
1688  he  was  at  Michilimackinac,  and  at  Green 
Bay  in  1C89,  and  thence  he  proceeded  to  tlu  Mia- 
sissijjpi.  Some  of  his  accounts  are  the  inventions 
of  a  traveller,  particularly  his  accoimt  of  Long 
river,  which  ho  ascended  eighty-four  days,  and  of 


IlOOKKll. 

varioiiH  tribes  of  Indians.  He  was  nn  infidel  nt 
to  religion.  His  travels  were  |.lll.li^lle(l  in  I'reiich 
'J  vols.,  iL'mo.,  ITli'l;  and  in  r.iiglisli,  17'i-. 

IIONY.M.W,  Itdiu.UT,  M.  1).,  a  physician,  wan 
a  native  (»f  Scotland  i  for  nome  years  was  n  Bur- 
geon in  the  British  navy;  came  to  this  comiiry  in 
1771,  and  settled  in  Louisa,  N'irginia;  was  lor  a 
lime  a  surgton  in  the  aiiny  ;  and  after  m">l  skil- 
ful iiu'lieal  toils  for  half  a  century,  diid  in  |S2I, 
He  read  ilie(ire(k,  Latin,  I'reuch,  and  Italian, 
and  with  unwearied  industry  read  almost  all  the 
most  valuable  books  in  English,  makin;,'  e.Ktraor- 
diiuu'y  attainments  in  literature.  His  life  was 
honorable  and  upright. —  T/mr/ier. 

HOOKE,  AVii.MAM,  nn"nister  of  New  Haven, 
after  he  came  to  ibis  country  was  a  preaeber  at 
Taunton;  was  settled  at  New  IlaNcn  in  Hill,  the 
colleague  of  Davenport;  returned  to  I'.nglaml  in 
\(t')()  and  was  ('romweH's  ehaiilain  ;  and  died 
March  21,  1()7H,  agi'd  77.  He  was  by  marriage 
a  cousin  of  Cromwell,  and  brother-in-law  of  (J. 
AVhalley.  He  pui)lislied  a  discourse  on  the  wit- 
nesses; also.  New  England's  tears  for  old  Eng- 
land's fears,  a  fast  sermon  at  Taunton,  July 
23,  1040.  His  descrij)ti(ni  in  this  sermon  of 
the  horrors  of  a  civil  war  and  of  the  battle  field 
is  very  striking.  "Here  ride  some  dead  men, 
swagging  in  their  deep  saddles;  there  fall  others 
alive  upon  their  dead  horses  ;  death  fends  a  mes- 
sage to  those  from  the  month  of  the  muskets.  In 
yonder  file  is  a  man,  that  hath  his  arm  struck  off 
from  his  shoulder,  another  by  hiin  hath  lost  his 
leg  ;  here  stands  a  soldier  with  half  a  face,  there 
fights  another  upon  his  stumjis.  A  day  of  battle 
is  a  day  of  harvest  for  the  devil.''  He  jmbhshcd 
also  a  sermon  on  Job  II.;  12,  in  1041 ;  a  sermon 
in  New  England  in  behalf  of  Old  England,  104.5  j 
the  privileges  of  the  saints  on  earth  beyond  those 
in  heaven,  1073;  a  discourse  of  the  gospel  day ; 
the  slaughter  of  the  witnesses  ;  a  sermon  in  the 
sujiplement  to  the  morning  exercises.  —  Bacon's 
Historical  Discourse;  Sjir(iijue''s  Annals. 

HOOKER,  TiioxiA.s,  the  first  minister  of  Cam- 
bridge, !Mass.,  and  one  of  the  founders  of  tho' 
colony  of  Connecticut,  died  of  an  epidemical  fever 
July  7, 1047,  aged  01.  He  was  the  son  of  Thomas, 
and  was  born  in  Leicestershire,  England,  in  l.JSti, 
and  was  educated  at  Emanuel  college,  Cambridge. 
In  his  youth  he  had  such  a  deej)  sense  of  liis 
guilt,  as  filled  his  mind  with  anguish ;  but  at 
length  he  found  peace  through  the  blood  of  the 
lledeemer,  and  an  exemplary  life  of  piety  and 
goodness  proved  that  his  hope  would  not  make 
him  ashamed.  After  preaching  for  some  time  in 
London,  he  was  chosen  lecturer  and  assistant  to 
Jlr.  Mitchell  at  Chelmsford  in  1020.  He  was  re- 
rcmarkably  successful  in  his  labors ;  but,  being 
silenced  in  about  four  years  for  his  nonconformity, 
he  established  a  grammar  school,  and  continued 
to   exert   his  whole  influence  for  the  Christian 


lHM)ivr.H. 


II(M)K1-U. 


413 


cawc  Forty-«cTpn  confumiin;,'  diT^jj-tnon  in  hi* 
iiiM;»lili<)rli')()(l  pctitiipi  il  tlic  III  •lu>|.  of  Lontliiii  on 
lii<<  licliiilf;  liiit    l.ni  iH  iif  tiHi  iiiijicriniis  utiil 

(K'tcrmini'fl  n  Nl<irll  iw  r 'ilFiT  tiny  cli'cuin'timcc  to 
shnki'  liiiii  from  liis  juirpuso,  wlicn  lie  li.iil  nii ' 
(ijiporliiiiity  to  liy  his  h;iiul«  iijioii  a  ri:iit;in.  Mr. 
Hooker  WHS  ()lili;,'((I  t  i  lice  to  IIkIImikI  lilio\lt  tile 
year  Wi.'ld,  and  lie  preached  i*oinitinu's  at  l)i'lt^, 
und  somi'linu's  at  Knttcrilam,  liciii;;  un  axsihtant 
to  the  c'clclirati'd  Dr.  Anus. 

In  Kill.')  he  cumo  to  New  l'.n;;land  in  company 
witli  Mr.  t'otton  .nul  Mr.  Stone,  and  wan  settled 
witli  till-  hitter  at  Newton,  or  ('amliriil;?e,  Oetolier 
11,  hein;;  or(hiined  hy  tlio  imi)osition  of  tiie  liiiiuls 
of  the  hretliren  of  tiie  elinreli.  In  June,  U',',U\,  lie 
removed  with  a  hiindrcd  others  to  a  fertile  spot 
on  the  hanks  of  the  Connecticut  river,  which  they 
called  Hartford,  haviii};  travelled  throujjh  the  wil- 
dcnicss  with  no  otlier  {juide  than  a  eomjiass.  In 
this  new  colony  he  had  f,'reat  influence  in  cstali- 
lishhif;  the  order  of  the  churches.  As  Ik;  was 
dviuf;.  he  said,  "  I  am  goinf;  to  receive  mercy  ;  " 
and  then  closed  liis  own  eyes,  and  expired  with  a 
smile  on  his  countenance.  He  was  n  remarkahly 
animal L'd  and  interesting  preacher.  AVilli  a  loud 
voice,  an  expressive  countenance,  and  a  most  com- 
maudinf;  presence,  he  delivered  the  truths  of  God 
with  a  zeal  and  cner^'y  seldom  eipialled.  He  ap- 
peared wilh  such  majesty  in  the  iiuipii,  that  it  was 
pleasantly  s«id  of  him,  that  "  he  could  put  a  king 
into  liis  jxieket."'  He  has  heen  called  the  Luther 
and  Mr.  Cotton  the  Melancthon  of  New  Enf^land. 
It  was  his  custom,  it  seems,  to  jireach  without  his 
notes.  On  a  visit  to  Massachusetts  in  May,  KiU!), 
he  jireached  on  the  .Sahliath  at  Cambrid},'e,  and 
Governor  ^\'inthrol)  went  from  IJoston  to  hear 
him.  Ilaviiifi;  named  his  text  in  the  afternoon,  he 
]m)cceded  about  a  (piarter  of  an  hour  with  fi;reat 
loudness  of  voice  and  veliemenee  of  niiinuer,  when 
suddenly  ho  I'ouuil  Ijimself  entirely  at  ,i  loss  what 
to  say.  After  several  ineffectual  attempts  to  pro- 
ceed, he  observed  to  the  assembly,  that  what  ho 
intended  to  have  spoken  wa.s  taken  from  him, 
and,  requesting  them  to  sing  a  ])salm,  withdrew 
for  half  an  hour.  He  then  returui  d  and  ])reached 
about  two  hours  with  wonderful  jjertinency  and 
vivacity.  After  the  sermon,  he  siiid  to  some  of 
his  friends,  "  We  daily  confess,  that  we  can  do  no- 
thing without  Christ ;  and  what  if  Christ  should 
])rove  this  to  be  the  fact  before  the  whole  congre- 
gation ?  "  Dr.  Ames  declared,  that  he  never  met 
with  Mr,  Hooker's  equal  either  in  preaching  or 
disputation, 

While  he  lived  in  his  native  country,  he  was  in- 
vited to  preach  in  the  great  church  of  Leicester, 
and  one  of  tlie  chief  burgesses  set  a  fiddler  in  the 
clnn-chyard  to  disturb  the  worsliij).  Mr.  Hooker 
elevated  his  voice  to  such  a  j)itch  and  spoke  with 
such  animation,  as  to  rouse  the  curiosity  of  the 
man  and  attract  him  to  the  chui'ch  door.    There 


he  liufcnctl,  and  muIi  no'  mn  truths  rencliod  hin 
ears,  us  by  llu-  Idessingof  (iod  were  the  menus  of 
his  salvation,  Tiiough  hi-i  i>wu  priaihing  wan 
generally  very  practical  and  experimental,  he  ad- 
vised umng  nnnisters  to  preach  the  whole  Hvstem 
of  ilivinity,  Iioth  for  their  own  henelll  and  that  of 
their  ptojile.  In  the  goveriMiient  of  the  church 
he  Would  propound  nothing  for  decision  till  it  had 
been  pre^;clu^ly  consiilered  Ijy  some  of  the  prin- 
cipal brethren, and  said,  "The  elders  must  have  a 
church  in  a  church,  if  they  would  jireserve  tho 
peace  of  the  church,"  Thiaigh  naturally  irascible 
in  his  ti'uiper,  he  ac(piired  a  remarkal)le  command 
of  his  passions.  He  was  condesceniliug,  benevo- 
lent, and  charitable.  It  was  no  uncommon  act  of 
benelicence  with  him  to  give  five  or  ten  pounds  to 
the  necessitous.  .\t  a  time  when  there  was  a 
great  scarcity  at  Southamiiton  u])on  Long  Island, 
he  with  some  friends  sent  the  inhabitants  a  small 
vess(  1,  freighted  with  corn.  His  benevolence  was 
united  with  ]iiety.  One  day  in  every  month  ho 
devoted  to  |)rivatc  ])rayer  and  fasting,  and  ho 
used  to  say,  that  prayer  was  the  principal  ])art  of 
a  minister's  work.  In  liis  family  h''  exhibited  a 
lively  devotion,  and  all,  who  resided  under  his 
roof,  were  instructed  and  edified  by  liim.  His 
sister,  l)onithy,  married  in  England  John  Ches- 
ter, the  fill  her  of  Leonard.  Another  sister,  Mary, 
married  llev.  Itoger  Newton  of  I'armington. 

His  most  celebrated  work,  entitled,  a  survey 
of  the  sum  of  church  discipline,  was  published  in 
Kngland  in  'Ito.,  IdlS,  under  tho  insjjection  of  the 
famous  l)r.  Thomas  Goodwin,  wlio  says,  "As 
touching  this  treatise  and  the  worthy  author  of  it, 
to  preface  anything  by  commendation  of  either 
were  to  lay  jiaint  upon  burnished  marble,  or  add 
light  unto  the  sun."  In  this  work  Mr.  Hooker 
contends,  that  each  church  has  in  itself  full  ])ower 
to  exercise  all  church  discijiline,  but  that  there  is 
a  necessity  for  consociations,  which  may  jirocced 
against  a  church,  jjortinaciousl)-  offending,  with  a 
sentence  of  non-communion.  Mr.  Jolm  Higgin- 
son  transcribed  from  his  manuscripts  about  two 
hundred  sermons,  and  sent  them  to  England  j 
and  near  one-half  of  them  were  jiublished.  Tho 
titles  ()*"  some  of  liis  discourses  and  treatises  are 
the  following:  the  soul's  j)reparation  for  Christ  j 
'  iii'  soul's  humiliation  ;  exaltation  ;  vocation  ;  im- 
planii'.itoni  the  unbeliever  preparing;  of  self- 
denial;  duty  and  dignity  of  saints;  on  the  Lord's 
jaayer;  on  church  discipline;  four  treatises  on 
the  carnal  hypocrite,  the  chiireh's  deliverance,  the 
deceitfulness  of  sin,  tho  benefits  of  afflictions, 
1C38 ;  the  soul's  posscssiim  ;  pattern  to  perfec- 
tion ;  saint's  guide ;  tho  ajjplication  of  redemption ; 
on  Christ's  last  prayer,  UioC ;  and  the  poor,  doubt- 
ing Christian  drawn  to  Christ.  The  seventh  edition 
of  this  last  excellent  work  was  published  at  Doston 
I  in  1713.  —  Mayntdia,  ill.  58-G8 ;  Ilisf.  Coll.,  VU. 
I  38-11  i  TmmhulVs  Connect,  I.  10, 48,  00,  306. 


444 


HOOKER. 


HOOK  EH,  '^VMi  r.i.,  the  Krcoml  non  of  Rrv, 
TlioniuM  Idiciki  r,  iiiiil  ilic  Kci'iitid  niiiiistcr  of  Far- 
min);t(iii,  Coiiii..  died  in  Ili!l7,ii^'i'<l  iiIkiiiI  M,  III' 
((railiintcd  at  lliir\:n(l  in  Ki'i.'l,  and  was  ordaini'd 
tlu' Kiicci'smir  (if  Kof,'ir  N'cwton  in  Hl.VS,  arcordinK 
to  oiu'  nccoiint,  ill  July,  KKil,  MtcordiiiK  Id  an- 
other. As  Mr.  .Ni'Wtiin  was  installed  at  Mill'nrd 
In  KMIO,  if  Mr.  U.  was  orduincMl  in  KWN.  it  iiiii»t 
have  Ipfcn  ns  his  colK'n^'iic.  Ho  was  ii  ffllow  of 
Harvard  collcj,'!'.  Of  Iu'n  I'li'vcn  ihildrcn  Mary 
married  Uv\:  Mr.  riirpont,  n(  New  Hnvcii,  and 
wnH  the  motliir  of  Sarah,  the  wifu  of  Jonathan 
EdwardM.  —  ,^/iifi(/ii('fi  A/iiitiLi. 

HOOKEIt.  N.v)H.\.Mi:i.,ininiHtcrof  West  Hart- 
ford, C'r)nn.,  died  Jiuic  !),  1770,  njfcd  32,  atul  wan 
succeeded  tiy  Mr.  I'frkitiK.  He  was  the  son  of 
C'apt.  Nothaniel,  a  descendant  of  Thomas  H.  i 
his  mother  was  I'.unice,  a  daughter  of  Gov.  Tal- 
cott.  A  graduate  of  Yale  in  175">,  he  m  is  or- 
dained in  J)ee.,  17<57.  He  was  n  dih'gent,  faithful 
minister.  A  scholar,  and  having  a  hvely  fancy, 
lus  discourses  abounded  in  inia;,'ery.  His  senti- 
ments were  liberal  and  catholic,  l-'eeble  in  lieall h 
for  eight  years,  he  sometimes  had  transjjorts  in 
liis  views  of  future  glory.  He  left  u  daughter, 
but  no  son.  He  had  brothers,  James  and  Jlor- 
Qce.  He  juiblished  a  sermon,  "the  invalid  in- 
structed," 17()3.  Six  of  his  sermons  were  jiub- 
lishcd  in  1771. 

HOOKER,  Joiix,  minister  of  Northampton, 
Mass.,  was  a  descendant  of  Thomas  ]I.,  being 
his  great  grandson,  and  was  a  nativ(!  of  I'arming- 
ton.  The  son  of  Jolui,  who  was  the  grandson  of 
Rev.  S.  H.,  of  Farmhigton,  he  was  graduated  at 
Yale  college  in  17jl,  and  was  ordiiiiied  at  North- 
ampton in  17ut.  Al\er  a  ministry  of  about 
twenty-three  years,  he  died  of  the  small  jiox  Feb. 
6,  1777,  aged  48,  dee])ly  regretted  by  the  peoi)le 
of  his  charge,  who,  in  testimony  of  their  affection 
and  liis  virtues,  erected  a  handsome  moimmcnt  to 
his  memory.  Having  early  imbibed  the  genuine 
spirit  of  Cliristianity,  he  uniformly  exhibited  the 
evidence  of  it  in  his  life.  He  was  an  able  and 
faithful  minister,  of  distinguished  learning,  pene- 
tration, and  j)rudence,  of  uncommon  suavity  of 
temper,  and  the  most  engaging  manners.  His 
widow,  Sarah,  daughter  of  John  Worthington,  of 
Springfield,  died  in  1817,  aged  Ho.  He  j)ubhshed 
a  sermon  at  the  ordniation  of  Thomas  Allen,  of 
Pittsfield,  1764,  and  a  sermon  on  the  death  of 
John  Hunt,  of  IJoston,  1770,  both  of  which  ser- 
mons furnish  honorable  testimony  of  his  juety  and 
talents.  —  Spragua's  Annals. 

HOOKER,  AsAiiKL,  minister  of  Norwich,  Conn., 
died  April  19,  1H13,  aged  51.  He  was  a  descen- 
dant of  Thomas  II.,  and  was  born  in  Rethlem  in 
1762.  After  the  age  of  twenty  he  became  a 
member  of  the  church  in  Farmington,  whither 
his  parents  had  removed.  His  own  efforts  to  ob- 
tain an  education  were  aided  by  the  benevolence 


HOl'KINS. 

of  othrrii.  He  «ni  ►:'iMl;iiited  nf  Yule  okIIi ge  In 
I7n!»,  and  was  uulaii  ■ .  '.,  Se,  t.,  IT!II,  n'  (i(i>h<  n, 
where,  in  I7!M»,  111'  '•.  ■  is  we'e  einin«'nlly  l<liss(il, 
almiit  eighty  perw-.  *  '  im,-  uddid  to  the  ctiureh. 
There  wiin  nUu  a  rriivil  in  1M»7.  At  this  1 1  ridd 
of  his  life  (ibout  twenty  young  I'"'!!  sfudieil  li.eid- 
ogy  with  him.  In  rni' ie(pii  iiee  of  ill  health  he 
was  dismissed  in  Jnn  ,  INK).  Jan.  1(>,  IMI'.',  lie 
was  inslulle<l  at  CI"  isea,  or  Norwiih  city,  as  the 
successor  of  Walter  King,  who  had  been  dis- 
missed. Hut  he  died  the  next  y'' ir.  lli<t 
wife  was  I'liebe.  daughter  of  Tiniotliy  i;dwiir<lN, 
of  Stockbridge.  His  only  son  i-.  I'rof.  I'.dward 
\V.  Hooker,  1).  I).,  the  minister  of  llenninglon, 
Vt.  One  of  his  daughters  is  the  widow  of  ivlias 
Cornelius;  another  married  Rev.  Dr.  I'eek.  Mr. 
Hooker  was  sueeeeded  b\  Alfred  .Mitchell,  lie 
|)ublislu'(l  live  occasional  sermons,  among  which 
are  a  sermon  at  the  election,  1S(I"> ;  at  the  ordina- 
tion of  John  Keej),  IHO.'j;  of  James  Iteaeh,  INOO. 
—  l'(iHo/)/is>,\\.  l.'i,  !'7,  M.J;  Sjiriii/iu'.t  AiiiKilii, 

HOOKER,  TiKiMAs,  Dr.,  died  in  Rutland,  Vt., 
April  14,  IH.'JtJ.  aged  .j7.  His  wife  was  Sally,  a 
daughter  of  Col.  John  lirowii,  of  the  Revtdution. 
His  son  is  the  minister  <if  Falmouth,  Mass. 

HOOPER,  Wii.i.iAM,  minister  in  lioston,  died 
April  14,  17(17.  He  was  a  native  of  Scotland,  and 
was  first  settled  May  IH,  1737,  as  the  Congrega- 
tional minister  of  the  west  church,  and  then 
Episcojial  minister  of  Trinity  church  Aug.  28, 
1747,  as  successor  of  A.  Davenjjort,  the  first  rec- 
tor. His  successors  were  M'alter,  I'arker,  and 
Gardiner.  He  hud  talents  and  eloquence.  He 
published,  the  Aj)ostles  neither  impostors  nor  en- 
thusiasts, 1742)  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  Thomas 
Greene,  1703. 

HOOPER,  William,  a  patriot  of  the  Revolu- 
tioti,  .son  of  the  ])receding,  died  Oct.,  1700,  oged 
48.  After  graduating  at  Harvard  college  in  1700, 
he  studied  law  with  James  Otis,  and  settled  at 
Wilmington,  N.  C.  In  1774  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  congress,  and  drew  up  in  177.3  the  ad- 
dress to  the  inhabitants  of  Jamaica.  In  1770  he 
signed  the  Declaration  of  Imle])endence.  His 
imibarrassed  private  affairs  induced  him  to  resign 
his  place  in  Feb.,  1777.  —  Goodrich. 

1  lOOPER,  Lt  rv.  Miss,  died  at  IJrooklyn,  N.  Y., 
Aug.  1,  1841,  aged  25.  Rom  in  Newburyport, 
she  lived  in  her  last  ten  years  in  Brooklyn.  Her 
jjoetical  works  were  imbUshed  in  1848.  —  ('yd. 
Amcv.  Lit.;  ^.\i.sfnn  Recorder,  Aug.  21,  1850. 

HOOPER,  RomcuT,  died  at  Marblehead  June 
2,  1843,  aged  77-.  He  was  highly  esteemed,  a 
man  of  integrity  and  disinterestedness,  and  a  de- 
vout Christian. 

HOPKINS,  Edwaud,  governor  of  Connecticut, 
and  a  benefactor  of  Harvard  college,  died  in 
1057,  aged  57.  He  was  an  eminent  merchant  in 
London,  and  arrived  at  Jioston  with  Mr.  Daven- 
port in  the  summer  of  1G37.    He  soon  removed 


IIOl'KLXS. 


IIOI'KINS. 


445 


In  ronnrotinif,  rhnoxln;?  rutlirr  to  r»taliIiKh  liim- 
Ki'ir  III  lliirtli>ril,  th.iii  to  j  liii  Mr.  |lavi'ii|i<irl  iiinl 
Mr.  I'.atoii,  wliii-i'  ilaii;,'litcr-iii-Iinv  lir  iiKirrinl,  iit 
>,'r\v  lliiMii.  Ill'  Mai  cliDvrii  a  inii'^'iNtratc  in 
l(i.'Jl»,  and  ){(ivi'nn>r  of  ('omirciiciit  tNcry  otlior 
year  IV'nn  KJIO  to  lO'd.  .M..  llnvncH  wan  tlic 
nltcrnatc  novrriior.  lie  aftcrwanls  went  to  I'.ii^f- 
latiil,  wlicrt'lic  wuM  rlioscn  warden  of  the  l'.n({li«.li 
licit,  coniiiii.^Nioncr  of  tlic  iidinindly  and  navy, 
null  a  niiinlicr  of  parliiiMicMt.  Ilr  died  in  Lon- 
don. HIn  youiif;  wile,  till'  sistiT  of  llaviil  Yale,  a 
tiifri'liaiil  of  Iloston,  licoaiiu'  diTiuij,'<'d  alioni 
1(112,  mid  died  in  1(1!»S,  (lovcrnor  \\'intliro]) 
BaVH,  nIu-  liad  writti'n  many  IiooUk,  nnd  In-  iis- 
crilu'N  the  loss  of  licr  rcnHon  to  licr  "j,'ivin),'  licr- 
fclf  wliolly  to  rcadin;;  luid  writing,'!"  nnd  lie 
odd'^  that  if  nIic  had  attcniU'd  her  hoiiscliold  af- 
fairs, and  not  "  nii'chllrd  in  sucli  thinf,'s  as  arc 
iiropiT  to  mm,  wJ.oki-  miiidM  arc  Mtronj^cr,  etc., 
8lic  had  kept  her  wits."  lie  wnn  n  wi.sc  and  up- 
ri^'ht  innfjiNlrntc,  and  a  man  of  exemplary  jiiely 
and  extensive  charily,  lie  heipieathcd  most  of 
his  estate  in  New  T'lifrland,  estimated  nt  nhout 
1000  pounds,  to  trnstecs  in  Coniiccticnt,  for  the 
sup])ort  of  urnmmnr  schools  in  New  Unvcn  an<l 
Hartford;  and  oOO  jioiiiids  ont  of  his  csliite  in 
l''nf];land  for  j)r()inotinj;  the  kin^rdom  of  the  Lord 
Jcsns,  whicli  donation  was  coiisidere<l  as  made  to 
1  Jnrvnrd  coUcfjc  and  the  ;?rammar  school  in  C'am- 
bridf^c,  and,  by  virtne  of  a  decree  in  chancery, 
was  paid  in  1710.  With  thi.s  money  real  estate 
was  purcliascd  in  a  township  named  1  lopkinton, 
m  honor  of  the  donor,  and  tlie  lc(,'islatnre  of  the 
State  has  made  such  addition  to  the  fund,  that 
six  bachelors  may  now  reside  at  Harvard  collcp-, 
nnd  seven  boys  nt  the  grammar  school.  —  Mn'j- 
nalin,  II.  22-25;  IMchinaon,  I.  82,  101  j  Trum- 
hull,i.  241. 

IIOrKINS,  S.VMiTX,  minister  of  West  Sprin(^- 
field.  Mass.,  died  Oct.  0,  1705,  aged  (il,  in  the 
thirty-sixth  year  of  his  ministry.  He  was  grad- 
uated at  Yale  college  in  17 IH,  and  was  ordained 
June  1,  1720.  He  was  much  beloved  and  es- 
teemed. His  wife  was  Esther,  a  daughter  of 
]{ev.  Timothy  Edwards.  One  of  his  daughters, 
Hannah,  married  Col.  Worthington.  He  pub- 
lished historical  memoirs  relating  to  the  Housa- 
tunnuk  Indians,  or  an  account  of  the  methods 
used  for  the  propagation  of  the  gospel  among  that 
heathenish  tribe  under  the  ministry  of  John  Ser- 
geant, etc.,  4to.,  1753.  —  Breck's  Cent.  Serm.; 
Hprar/uc's  Adilrcss. 

Hch'KINS,  Samuel,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Ilad- 
ley,  Mass.,  son  of  the  jjreceding,  was  born  Oct. 
20,  1729;  was  graduated  at  Y'ale  college  >:i  1749, 
and  was  tutor;  was  ordained  Feb.,  1755;  and 
after  a  ministry  of  fifty-six  years  died  March  8, 
1811,  aged  81.  He  had  a  paralysis  in  1809,  and 
in  1810,  John  Woodbridge  was  ordained  as  his 
colleague.    His  first  wife  was  the  relict  of  Bev. 


riipMrr  Willinmn  and  danuhlpr  of  Col,  Porter  i 
his  necond  wan  M|s«  Margaret  Stoddard.  The 
ilaii;;ht('r  of  Mr-.  Williams,  his  «if'i', marri""!  1'.  '.. 
N.  I'.tiiinons.  or  Ills  ('i:;ht  cliiidren  by  Li«  Mriil 
will',  lour  were  m.'irrii'd  to  iniiiisti'rsi  ■  Tl.s. 
Spring  and  .Muslin,  L.  Worcetrter,  nnd  V.  ;.ii|iir|. 
His  character  and  useful  labors  were  described  by 
|lr.  Lunaii  ill  a  liineral  serninn.  He  piililished 
iliscdtirM's  on  infant  ineinbersblp ;  a  halfcen- 
tiiry  sermon,  IK(i,"i. —  S/iiiii/iii')!    ('nil.    AiUIiiks 

III    II'.   Siniiii/lii  hi ;    S/iiiii/iii'n  ,iiiliiil,i. 

HOrKlNS,  Sv.Mlil,,  I).  I).,  an  eminent  ileo- 
Idgian,  from   whom   the  Christians,  called   Hi  ;i- 
kiiisians,  derive  their  name,  died  at  Newport  Her. 
20.   INo:t,  aged  .S'2.     He    was    a    deseeiiilant    of 
John  1 1.,  one  of  tlie  lii-t   setllers  of  1  lartfiMil,  tiy 
Stephen   of   llarll'iail,   .liihn  of   Waleibiiry,  I'lid 
next    his   own    I'aiher    'I'linnthy  of    \\'alerbury; 
and  not  a  descendant  of  Oov.  Hopkins.     He  was 
born  in  Wnterbury,  Conn.,  Sept.   17,1721.     He 
lived  with  his  parents,  employed  in   the  labors  of 
agrieiilliire,  until   he    entered  bis   flfleenlh  year; 
and  such  was  the  purity  of  manners  among  the 
youth  of  this  place,  that  he  never  heard  from  any 
of   them    a   jirofane   exi)i-ession.     After    having 
been  placed  for  a  short  time  under  the  tiiilion  of 
Mr.  (iraham  of  Woodbury,  he  entered  Y'ale  col- 
lege, where  he  was  graduated  ill  1711.     While  a 
member  of  that  institution  he  made  a  [lulillc  pro- 
fession   of   religion.     He    diligently    studied  the 
Scriptures  and  was  constant  in  his  secret  devo- 
tions; but  he  was  afterwards  convinced,  that  he 
did  all  this  without  any  true  love  to  the  character 
of  God,  and  that  as  yet  he  was  ignorant  of  that 
religion,  which  has  its  seat  in  the  heart.     It  was 
during  the  remarkable  attention  to  the  things  of 
a  better  world,  excited  in  the  college  and  town  of 
New  Haven  I)y  the  i)reachiiig  of  Mr.  AVhitelield 
and  (Jilbert  Tennent  in  the  year  1741,  that  his 
false  confidence  was  shaken.     Such  was  the  extra- 
ordinary zeal  for  religiim,  which  was  at  that  time 
called  into  action,  that  a  number  of  the  mcmlicrs 
of  the  college  were  impelled  to  visit  their  fellow 
students  without  regard  to  the  distinction  of  class- 
es, and  to   8j)cak  to  them  of  tlie  imjiortant  con- 
cerns of  eternity.    At  this  period  David  IJrainerd, 
then  a  student,  entered  the  room  of  Mr.  Hop- 
kins, and  though  he  could  draw  notluiig  from  him 
and  found  liim  comidetely  reserved,  yet  he  made 
a  remark,  which   sunk    into  his  heart.     He  ob- 
served, that  it  was  impossible  for  any  man  to  bo  a 
real   Christian,  who  was   not  sometimes  deeply 
aft'ected  in  contcm])lating  the  character  of  Christ. 
Mr.  Hopkins  could  not  but  admit,  that  a  warm 
affection  for  the  Itcdecmer  woulil  exist  in  those 
who  had  been  saved  by  him  from  their  .sins,  and, 
as  he  was  conscious  of  no  such  love  to  the  Son  of 
God,  "lie  became  convinced,  that  he  was  destitute 
of  the  spirit  of  the  gospel.    The  sense  of  his 
ignorance  and  of  his  sin  im2)ellcd  him  to  seek 


446 


HOPKINS. 


HOPKINS. 


f^m 


inNtruction  and  mipjilicato  mercy.  At  Ipnjytli  he 
was  t'i)li;j;litcnc'(l  with  Iho  kn()\ilc(l^'L' of  llu' way 
of  salvation.  Tiie  fharactcr  of  Jesus  ("lirist,  as 
a  mediator  hetween  God  and  man,  filled  jiini 
vith  joy,  to  wliicli  he  had  hefore  been  a  stran}?er. 
Still,  he  did  i.ot  in(lulj,'e  the  hope  that  he  was  a 
Cliristian.  His  mind  was  for  some  time  i)rinci- 
pally  occcupicd  hy  the  consideration  of  liis  iiiiwor- 
tiiiness,  helplessness,  and  fjuilt.  Many  whole 
days  he  spent  in  fastinf;  and  ])rayer.  In  Sept., 
1741,  ho  retired  to  his  father's  honse,  and  lived  a 
recluse  for  a  number  of  months,  except  when  he 
could  hold  intercourse  with  ])ersons  zealous  in 
reli;,'ion.  In  Dec,  he  went  to  Xorthamjjton,  to 
j)ursue  the  study  of  divinity  with  Mr.  Edwards. 
In  .July,  l"i:J,  he  went  to  Houssatonnoc,  now 
Great  ]!arrinu;ton,  where  he  was  ordained  Dec. 
28,  17  i;J.  .'\t  this  tiiJie  there  were  only  thirty 
families  in  the  ])la?e.  Here  he  continued  till 
Jan.  IH,  IT')!),  when  he  was  dismissed  by  an 
ecclesiastical  couiv.l.  This  event  was  occasioned 
by  the  diminution  of  his  society  and  the  want  of 
support.  An  l^juscoijal  ehnrch  had  been  cstah- 
lislied  in  the  town  in  order  to  escajie  the  ta.\  for 
the  mainteimnce  of  a  minister  of  the  f;osj)el.  He 
was  again  settled  in  the  ministry  at  Newport, 
11.  I.,  Aju'il  11,  1770.  There  were  some  circum- 
stances, attending  his  establishment  in  tliis  place, 
which  were  remarkabl(>,  and  which  ])rove  that 
the  hearts  of  all  men  are  in  the  hands  of  God, 
and  may  be  turned,  as  the  rivers  of  water  are 
turned.  After  he  had  been  with  this  people  some 
time,  a  meeting  was  called,  and  it  was  voted  not 
to  give  him  an  invitation  to  settle  among  them. 
Many  were  dissatislied  with  his  sentiments.  He 
accordingly  made  his  jjreparations  to  leave  them, 
and  on  the  Sabbath  ])reached  a  farewell  diseoiu'se. 
This  sermon  was  so  interesting  and  im[)ressive, 
that  a  different  vote  was  immediately  and  almost 
unanimously  passed,  and  he  consented  to  remain. 
For  about  four  jears  he  was  unwearied  in  the 
discharge  of  his  jjastoral  duties,  ])reaching  a 
lecture  every  week  in  addition  to  the  services  of 
the  Sabbath,  and  seizing  every  opjjortunity  to  im- 
part religious  instruction.  The  war  of  the  Revo- 
lution interrupted  his  benevolent  labors.  In  Dec, 
177(5,  when  Ib.e  liritish  took  ])osscssion  of  New- 
port, he  left  the  town,  and  retired  to  his  family, 
which  he  had  before  sent  to  Great  IJarrington. 
During  the  summer  of  1777  he  preached  at 
Ncwburyjiort  in  a  congregation,  which  was 
thought  to  be  the  largest  in  America.  It?  jjastor, 
^Ir.  Parsons,  died  a  short  time  before.  lie  after- 
wards i)reached  in  Canterbury  ;ind  Stamford.  In 
the  si)ring  of  1780  he  returned  to  Newjjort, 
which  had  been  evacuated  by  the  Hritish  in  the 
fall  of  the  i)reeeding  year,  lie  found  his  church 
and  congregation  much  diminished.  The  nieet- 
ing-bouse  had  been  made  a  barrack  for  soldiers. 
That  portion  of  his  former  society,  which  had 


remained  in  the  town,  had  become  so  impover- 
ished that  he  had  no  prosjject  of  a  inainlenanec. 
Yet  such  was  his  benevolence,  that  he  jireachcd 
to  them  a  year,  supported  entirely  by  a  few  gen- 
erous li'icnds,  and,  when  ho  received  a  pressing 
invitation  to  settle  at  Middleborough,  the  request 
of  his  j)eople  induei'l  him  to  decline  it.  From 
this  time  till  his  d>f.th  his  maintenance  was  de- 
rived entirely  from  a  weekly  contribution  and  the 
donations  of  his  friends.  Hut  he  was  contented 
with  his  humble  circumstances,  and  in  a  situaticm, 
whii-'h  would  have  filled  most  minds  with  the 
greatest  anxiety,  ho  cast  himself  upon  the  jjrovi- 
denco  of  God,  and  experienced  through  a  course 
of  years  many  remarkable  interpositions  in  his 
favor.  His  wants  were  always  supi)lied.  Jan., 
1799,  a  ])aralytic  affection  deprived  him  of  the 
use  of  Ills  limbs,  although  his  mental  pov.irs 
were  uninjured.  But  he  afterwards  recovered 
from  this  attack,  so  as  to  bo  able  to  preach. 

Dr.  Hopkins  was  a  very  humble,  pious,  and 
benevolent  man.  His  views  of  his  own  character 
were  always  very  abasing.  This  humility  per- 
vaded his  whole  conduct.  It  preserved  him  from 
that  overbearing  zeal  which  is  the  offspring  of 
self-eoiifidcnce  and  jiride.  In  his  intercourse 
with  jicrsons  of  sentiments  different  from  his 
own,  he  exhibited  the  greatest  mildness  and  can- 
dor. As  truth  was  his  object,  and  ho  never  dis- 
puted for  victory,  he  sometimes  carried  conviction 
to  an  opjionent  by  the  force  of  arguments.  Ho 
sym])atliized  in  the  distresses  of  others.  He  took 
delight  in  relieving  the  wants  of  the  poor. 
Though  he  had  but  little  to  bestow,  yet  many 
were  gladdened  by  his  liberality.  On  one  occa- 
sion he  contributed  100  dollars  for  jiromoting  the 
gospel  among  the  Africans.  Ilia  life  was  spent 
chiefly  in  meditation;  his  preaching  had  but  little 
effect.  He  sometimes  devoted  to  his  studies 
eighteen  hours  in  a  day.  With  respect  to  his 
views  of  divine  truth,  he  embraced  the  Calvinis- 
tic  doctrines ;  and  it  is  principally  by  the  conse- 
quences which  he  drew  from  these  doctrines,  that 
his  name  has  been  rendered  ftimous.  He  fully 
admitted  the  'jetrine  of  the  entire  depravity  of 
the  human  heart  and  the  sinfulness  of  all  the 
doings  of  the  unregeiierato ;  but  thought  there 
was  a  discordance  between  this  doctrine  and  the 
l)reaching  of  some  of  the  Calviiiistic  divines,  who 
exhorted  the  unrcgencrate  as  such  to  perform 
certahi  acts  as  the  ap])ointed  way  to  obtain  that 
grace,  which  should  renew  their  hearts  and  mdio 
them  holy.  If  men  belbro  conversion  could  do 
nothing  that  was  pleasing  to  God,  he  concluded, 
they  could  do  nothing  to  procure  the  I'.iffueticcs 
of  the  Holy  Spirit.  Instead,  therefore,  of  exhort- 
ing sinners  to  use  the  means  of  grace  in  order  to 
obtain  the  divine  assistance  to  enable  them  to 
repent,  when  i*  was  acknowledged,  that  in  the 
use  of  the  means  of  grace  they  would  be  entirely 


m 


lIorKINS, 


lIorKINS. 


447 


sinful,  liP  tlioiifflit  it  a  sacred  duty,  ii.rumhciit  on  ! 
the  ministers  of  llio  f^osijcl,  to  inutato  tiio  |)ri'ach- 1 
irifj  of  tlio  liord  Jesus,  their  Master,  and  to  call  | 
upon  men  Immediately  to  re|)ent  and  yield  them- 
selves to  the  love  of  (iod.  He  thought  that  le- 
li;4;ious  advantajjes,  if  in  the  use  of  them  the 
unref^oneratc  were  not  converted,  would  hut 
increase  guilt,  as  in  this  case  there  would  he  a 
ffrcater  resistance  to  the  truth.  Another  senti- 
ment, which  i,'.  considered  as  one  of  the  jjcculiar 
sentiments  of  ])r.  lIo])kins,  is  that  the  inahility 
of  sinners  is  moral  and  not  natural;  hut  this  is 
onlv  saying,  that  their  inahility  consists  in  disin- 
clination of  heart  or  oi)j)ositi()n  of  will  to  what  is 
good.  Comhining  the  Calvinistic  doctrine,  that 
God  has  foreordained  whatsoever  comes  to  jjass, 
with  his  views  of  the  nature  of  sin  as  consisting 
entirely  in  the  intention  or  disposition  of  the 
mind,  he  inferred,  that  it  was  no  impeaehment 
\ipon  the  character  of  the  most  righteous  disjioser 
of  all  ovciits  to  say,  not  merely  that  he  decreed 
the  existence  of  sin,  but  that  he  exerted  his  own 
power  to  jjroduce  it.  Tiie  design  heing  benevo- 
lent, he  contended  that  this  agency  is  no  more  an 
impeachment  of  the  divine  character,  than  the 
hare  permission  of  sin.  This  is  another  of  his 
peculiarities.  In  this  he  diifered  from  rresident 
Edwards,  who  maintained,  thr.t  sin  was  "not  the 
fruit  of  any  positive  agency  or  influence  of  the 
!Most  High,"  and  who  said,  "if  by  the  aulhor  of 
sin  he  meant  the  sinner,  the  agent,  or  actor  of 
sin,  or  the  doer  of  a  wicked  thing;  so  it  would 
he  a  rejiroach  and  blasijhcmy  to  sn])pose  God  to 
be  the  author  of  sin."  It  may  indeed  well  excite 
astonishment,  that  a  man  of  intelligence  and 
piety  should  be  so  bewildered  in  metajjliysics,  as 
to  ascribe  to  God  the  efficient  production  of  all 
sinful  v'jiitions,  and  yet  deem  himself  responsible 
for  such  volitions.  From  his  views  of  the  nature 
of  holiness,  as  eoasisting  in  disinterested  benevo- 
lence, ho  als<)  inferred,  that  a  Christian  should  be 
willing  to  jjerish  forever,  to  be  forever  miserable, 
if  it  should  be  for  the  glory  of  God  and  the  good 
of  the  universe,  that  he  should  encounter  this 
destruction.  Instead  of  the  Calvinistic  doctrine 
ot  the  strict  imputation  of  Adam's  sin  and  of  the 
righteousness  of  Christ,  ac  .'hose  rather  to  ado])t 
the  language  of  Scripture,  that  on  accoui.t  of  the 
iirst  transgression  men  were  nmde  or  constituted 
sinners,  and  that  men  are  justified  on  account  of 
the  righteousness  of  Christ,  or  through  the  re- 
demption wiiich  there  is  in  him. 

1  [e  publisiied  a  life  of  Edwards  ;  three  sermons, 
entitled,  sin,  through  divine  interposition,  an  ad- 
vantage to  the  universe  ;  and  yet  this  no  excuse 
for  sin  or  encouragement  to  it,  I'o'J ;  an  incpiiry 
concerning  the  promises  of  the  gospel,  whether 
any  of  them  arc  made  to  the  exercises  and  doings 
of  ])ersonsin  an  unregenerate  state,  containing  re- 
marks on  two  sermous  by  Ur.  Majhew,  1700  ;  on 


the  divinity  of  Christ,  jireached  in  Boston,  170H ; 
tv.'o  sermons  on  Jiomans  vil.  7,  and  John  I.  13, 
17(iH,  re|)ul'lished  171):j;  the  true  state  and  char- 
acter of  the  unregenerate,  being  an  answer  to 
Mr.  .Mills,  17()!);  animadversions  on  Mr.  Hart's 
dialogue,  177l> ;  an  iuipiiry  into  the  nature  of  tru'^ 
holiness,  with  an  answer  to  ])rs.  Henir.icnway  and 
Mather,  177;J;  of  this  a  second  etlition  was  pul)- 
lisiied  In  17!)1  ;  a  dialogue,  showing  it  to  lie  the 
duty  and  interest  of  tlie  .\meriean  States  to  emau- 
eijjate  all  their  African  slaves,  177(i;  an  in(|uiry 
concerning  the  luture  state  of  those  who  die  in 
their  sins,  17s;j ;  a  syKleui  of  doctrines  contained 
in  divine  revelali m.  lo  which  is  added  a  treatise 
on  the  millennium,  'J  vols.,Svo,,  17i).'5  (it  is  on  this 
system  of  divinity  that  the  reputation  of  the  au- 
thor prii'cipally  rests)  ;  the  life  of  S'.sannah  An- 
thony, 17!)();  the  life  of  Mr'^.  Osbom.  17!).S;  and 
a  volume  )f  sermons.  He  lel'l  l)cliin(l  biiii  sketches 
of  his  life,  written  b\  himself;  a  dialogue  on  the 
nature  and  extent  of  true  Christian  submission, 
and  an  address  to  proibssing  C'hristians,  all  of 
which  were  ])ublishcd  by  Dr.  West,  of  Stock- 
bridge,  in  IHOo. — Hopkins'  LiJ'c;  bpniyuc's 
Annuls. 

HOl'KINS,  Danikl,  D.  1).,  the  brother  of  tlic 
jirecedlng,  after  a  ministry  of  thirty-six  years, 
died  Dec.  14,  1(S14,  aged  80.  He  was  born  at 
A\'aterbury  Oct.  Ki,  1734,  being  the  son  of  Tim- 
othy II.  and  Mary  Judd.  At  the  age  of  fourteen 
he  lost  his  father,  and  the  care  of  his  education 
devolved  ujron  his  brother  Samuel.  He  was 
graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1  /jH,  removed  to 
Salem,  Mass.,  in  17()G,  and  for  twelve  years  wai 
cliicUy  employed  as  a  teafbcr  of  youth,  and  was 
ordained  as  successor  of  |)r.  Whitaker,  who  had 
become  a  Presbyterian,  in  Nov.,  1778.  He  was  a 
respected  and  useful  niinist(  r.  Kcv.  llrown  I'.m- 
erson,  1).  ]).,  married  his  daughter.  His  wife 
was  a  daughter  of  John  Saunders.  Just  before 
liis  death  he  repeated  the  lines  ; 

*'  Jesiis,  with  all  thy  siiints  ahovo 
My  t'Mt;;uc  would  ln'ar  lu'V  part 
fl'ouM  souiiil  iiloiul  thy  sivinu  love, 
Auil  slug  thy  ML't'diiti!:  heart.'* 

IIo  pubhshed  a  sermon  on  A\'ashington's  death, 
and  one  at  a  dedication,  ISOo.  Most  of  his  works 
were  ])ublished  in  lS,j'{,  with  a  memoir  by  I'lo- 
fessor  Park. — I'unnjil..  XU.  4"J  ;  Sj,riii/ni  's  Annu/s. 

HOPKINS,  Stki'11i;n,  governor  of  Jlhode 
Island,  died  July  13,  17So,  aged  7N.  He  was 
born  at  Scltuate  March  7,  1707,  and  was  bred  a 
farmer.  In  1742  he  removed  to  Providence  and 
engaged  in  mercantile  business.  He  was  from 
17ol  to  17o4  chief  justice  of  the  su])erior  court. 
In  17"  3  he  was  elected  governor,  and  remained 
■  '  office,  excepting  four  years,  till  1708.  In  1774 
ho  was  a  member  of  congress.  His  signature  to 
the  'declaration  of  Independence  indicates  a 
.  trembling  baud  j  tliis  was  owing  to  a  nervous  af- 


448 


HOPKINS. 


fection.  llis  heart  did  not  trombln.  lie  retired 
from  conf,'ress  in  1779.  He  ijiibiisliud,  at  the 
order  of  tlio  assembly,  riglits  of  tlio  colonics  ex- 
amined, Mliii;  and  nn  account  of  I'rovidence,  in  U 
historical  collections,  ix.  lOfl-'JOJ. —  (hioilricJi. 

HOPKINS,  Lkmiki.,  a  physician,  a  descendant 
of  Gov.  Hoi)kins,  was  horn  in  Waterhury  June 
19,  17jO.  At  Litchfield,  where  he  ])ractised 
physic  from  177(i  to  17H1,  he  ac(iuired  celebrity, 
and  the  singularity  of  his  aijpearancc,  manners, 
and  oijiiiions,  attracted  general  notice.  About 
the  year  1784  he  removed  to  Hartford,  where  he 
had  a  high  rejiutation  and  extensive  ])ractico  as  a 
])hysiciau  till  his  death,  Ajn-il  14,  1801,  aged  50. 
It  is  supposed  that  hi.s  erroneous  practice  in  hi^ 
own  case  was  the  cause  jf  his  death.  A])j)vehen- 
five  of  the  pulmonary  jonsumption,  for  a  jiain  in 
his  side  he  was  repeatedly  bled,  against  the  re- 
monstrance of  his  medical  friends,  and  he  other- 
wise reduced  his  strength  and  brought  on  a 
liydrothorax.  His  widow  died  at  Xcw  York  in 
Sept.,  lS'_'(i.  He  was  tall,  lean,  stoojjing,  with 
large  features,  and  light,  staring  eyes.  In  his 
early  life  he  admired  the  Infidel  philosoj)hers  of 
France  ;  in  his  last  days  he  read  the  IJible.  As 
a  physician  he  was  remarkable  for  his  unceasing 
attention  to  his  patients,  sometimes  devoting  to 
one  patient  whole  days  and  nights.  Oiice,  on 
being  called  to  a  child  sick  with  the  scarlet  fever 
hi  a  family  to  which  he  was  a  stranger,  he  en- 
tflred  the  room  without  saying  a  word,  and,  see- 
ing the  child  loaded  with  bed-clothes  in  a  heated 
room,  h''  sei/''d  the  child  in  his  arms  and  rushed 
out  of  the  house,  followed  with  cries  and  !)rooin- 
sticks,  for  his  ai)pcarance  was  uncouth  and  ugly. 
But,  resting  in  a  cocl  shade,  he  called  for  wine, 
and  had  the  ])leasure  of  seeing  the  child  restored 
to  health.  He  was  a  man  of  learning,  and  a 
poet.  He  wrote  for  liarlow  the  beautiful  version 
of  psalm  i;37,  beginning  with  the  wcu'ds,  "Along 
the  banks,  where  IJabel's  current  flows."  Asso- 
ciated with  Trumbull,  liarlow,  Alsop,  and  others, 
he  wrote  parts  of  the  Anarchiad,  the  echo"  politi- 
cal grc  n-house,  the  guillotine,  and  other  essays. 
Tlv"  V  of  his  jnoductions  were  jiublished  in  the 
American  poems,  —  the  hy])ocrite's  iu;pe,  the 
cancer  quack,  aiid  a-ijoem  on  Kthan  .Mien.  The 
Anarcluad  was  a  narfirical  jjolitical  poem  in  twenty- 
fcMir  numbers  :  and  these  writings  apjicared  in 
the  n»'ws])aj)ers  from  1780  to  17'J.'5.  —  'J'luu-hiu'x 
Jl/iiliiiil  /liiii/r'ij//iy  ;    i^'j^i'i-iliirii-f  Amci'tcilil  I'a- 

eif^.  I.  27J-ii84. 

IK/PKINS,  Asa,  died  in  Xew  Haven  Oct.  01, 
\Kd^.  M^xl  .>9.  Jiorn  in  Lit''hfiel(l.  he  lliere  s])ent 
most  of  '*  useful  lite.  His  widow  died  in  185'). 
]5y  his  w^fl  his  estate  was  to  be  divided  thus  :  to  the 
Norliifielfl  society  in  J.itclifield  3,000  dollars ;  to 
the  <*h\uch  300;  to  his  native  .school  ()(H> ;  to 
the  Uil;!*"  society  jOO ;  to  rhe  American  board 
of  foreign  m-issions  250  ;  to  tSae  tract  society  250  ; 


HOPKINSON. 

to  Connecticut  missionary  society  250;  the  re- 
mainder, 7,000,  to  Northfield  society. 

HOl'KIXS,  Joii.v,  died  at  Northampton  .Tan. 
9,  1842,  aged  72.  He  was  a  Christian  jjrofcssor, 
and  among  his  family  connections  was  a  remark- 
able number  of  ministers,  namely ;  his  father.  Dr. 
Samuel  H.,  of  Iladley,  and  his  grandfather,  Sam- 
uel H.,  of  West  S])ringfield,  —  his  grandmother, 
too,  was  the  daughter  of  Rev.  Mr.  Stoddard,  and 
sister  of  President  Edwards,  the  son  of  a  minis- 
ter. His  mother  was  the  widow  of  Ilev.  Chester 
Williams,  of  Iladley;  her  son  was  Ilev.  N.  "Wil- 
liams ;  her  daughter  married  Dr.  Emmons,  whose 
daughter  married  Dr.  Ide,  of  Medway.  Two  of 
his  sons  were  ministers,  and  his  daughter  married 
President  Wheeler,  of  Burlington.  Four  of  his 
sisters  married  ministers,  —  Dr.  Spring,  of  New- 
buryjiort,  Dr.  Austin,  of  Worcester,  and  William 
Iliddell  and  Leonard  Worcester.  His  nephews 
are  Hev.  Dr.  (iardiner  S])ring,  of  New  York,  Rev. 
Samuel  Spring,  Rev.  Samuel  H.Riddell,  ami  Rev. 
Leonard  M'orcester,  of  Peacham,Vt. ;  of  !Mrs.  W.'s 
sons  are  the  ministers.  Rev.  Samuel  .\.  Worcester, 
missionary.  Rev.  Evarts  Worcester,  deceased, 
Rev.  Isaac  R.  Worcester,  of  Littleton,  and  Rev. 
iJohu  H.  Worcester,  of  St.  Johnsbury.  The  con- 
nections of  such  a  family  must  have  many  calls  to 
be  sol)er-niinded  and  religious. 

HOl'KIXS,  As.V  T.,  D.  ]).,  pastor  of  the  first 
church  in  BuH'alo,  died  Nov.  27,  1847.  Born  in 
Hartford,  he  was  graduated  at  Yale  in  1826. 

KOPKl.VSON,  FuANCis,  district  judge  of  the 
United  States  tor  Pennsylvania,  died  May  !),  1791, 
aged  53.  After  jiassing  two  years  in  England,  he 
settled  at  Bnrdentown,  N.  J.  He  was  a  member 
of  congress  in  1770,  in  which  year  he  signed  the 
Declaration  of  Independence.  He  held  an  ap- 
pointment in  the  loan  office  for  several  years,  and 
ai'terwards  succeeded  George  Ross,  as  judge  of 
the  admiralty  for  the  State  of  Pennsylvania.  In 
this  station  he  continued  till  the  year  1790,  when 
he  was  appointed  by  \\  ashington  a  judge  of  the 
district  court.  He  was  a  jjerson  whose  statm'c 
was  a  little  Ijelow  the  common  size,  whose  features 
were  small,  but  uncommonly  animated,  and  whose 
speech  and  motions  indicated  liie  activity  of  his 
mind.  He  was  distinguished  for  his  wit  in  con- 
versation, but  it  was  mild  and  elegant.  He  con- 
tributed not  a  httlc  towards  jjromoting  the  indo- 
])endence  of  .Vmerica  ;  not,  however,  by  labored 
di.scussions,  but  i)y  his  inimitable  hmnor  and  satire. 
He  began  in  1775  with  a  snudl  tract,  entitled,  a 
]n-etty  story,  in  which,  in  an  allegorical  manner, 
he  exposed  the  tyramiy  of  Great  Britain  tow.irds 
-Vmerica,  and  he  concluded  his  contributions  (o 
his  country  in  this  way  with  the  history  of  the 
new  roof,  which  ought  to  bo  read  with  interest, 
while  the  citizens  of  the  United  States  arc  shel- 
tered under  their  jiresent  form  of  national  gov- 
cruBaent.     His  battle  of  the  kegs  has  been  much 


IIOPKINSON. 


HOVEY. 


449 


admired  for  its  wit.  A  few  years  before  his  doatli,  | 
in  e()nsc'(|iiL'iice  of  an  act  of  tlie  assenitily  for  cut- 
tin;;  down  the  trees  of  l'liiliidci))liia,  in  order  to 
guard  a^'ainst  lire  and  tlie  evils  of  stapjuant  air, ! 
lie  wrote  i  Innnorous  speech  of  a  ulantliitt/  mem- ! 
ber  of  the  assembly  against  the  act,  and  rescued 
tlie  devoted  trees  from  the  imiiending  destruction. 
His  satires  on  newspaper  scandal  had  the  effect  to 
restrain  for  a  number  of  months  the  licentiousness 
of  the  press.  His  si)ccimeii  of  modern  learning, 
in  an  examination  of  the  jiropcrties  of  a  salt  box, 
is  a  ])ieco  of  exquisite  humor.  His  opinions  on 
education  were  somewhat  peculiar.  He  often  rid- 
iculed in  conversation  the  ])ractice  of  tcaclung 
children  the  IjUgllsh  language  by  means  of  gram- 
mar. He  considered  most  of  the  jears,  which 
were  sjwnt  in  learning  Greek  and  Latin,  as  lost, 
and  he  held  sevoral  of  the  arts  and  sciences,  which 
are  taught  in  colleges,  in  great  contenij;*.  To 
his  jjoetical  talents  he  united  uncommon  excel- 
lence iu  music,  and  some  knowledge  of  painting. 
IJesides  the  above  works,  he  ])ublishctl  science,  a 
jiocm,  17C2.  After  hi.s  death  his  miscellaneous 
essays  and  occasional  writings  were  ])ublished  in 
three  vols.,  8vo.,  1792. — Mcifm.  May.,  III.  700-703 ; 
Aniirican  Mii.li itm,iu.  105;  IX.  39. 

H()rKIXS(lX,.rosi:i'ii,  judge,  died  at  Philadel- 
phia in  Jan.,  IKt2,  aged  71.  The  son  of  Francis 
H.,  he  was  educated  at  the  university  of  I'enn- 
sylvonia,  and  jiractised  law  at  Easton  and  Phila- 
delphia. He  was  appointed  in  1828  judge  of  the 
district  court.  He  was  i)resident  of  the  Phila- 
delphia academy  of  fine  arts.  ]Ic  wrote  the  song, 
"Hail  Columlila,"  in  17i)8.  -  r^,/.  Jm.  [At. 

HOPPJ'.U,  Isaac  T.,  died  in  New  York  May  7, 
1802,  aged  80.  Horn  in  1771  hi  West  JerHoy,  In- 
resided  many  years  in  Philadelphia,  and  was  in- 
spector of  prisons ;  a  man  of  benevolence.  His 
life  was  written  by  Mrs.  Child. 

HOllllY,  El.lA.s,  died  at  Charleston,  S.  C, 
Sept.  17,  1834,  aged  91  ;  a  descendant  if  ;1  c 
Huguenots.  He  gave  10,000  dollars  to  Cl-.i'.  s- 
ton  college  for  a  professorship  of  morrd  ])liiloso;)hy. 

HO]lSMAXDEU,l)ANii:i,,chiefjusticeof.New 
York,  a  native  of  Great  Britain,  came  to  t!ie  prov- 
ince about  1730,  and  was  recorder  of  the  city  and 
president  of  the  council.  He  dii.'d  \'\  '^cpt.,  1778, 
and  was  I)uried  in  Trinity  churclrjjird.  He  pub- 
lished the  Xew  York  conspiracy,  or  the  history  of 
the  negro  plot,  1712;  repulilishcd  1810.  Of  the 
conspirators  to  burn  the  city  fourteen  were  burnt, 
and  eighteen  hanged,  with  ten  whiles. 

JIOS.VCK,  Davii),  M.  1).,  LL.  J).,  died  of 
apnjde.sy,  at  Xew  York,  Dec.  2.'i,  1830,  aged  (Jfi. 
lli.s  father  came  from  Scotland  to  Xew  York. 
He  graduated  at  Princeton  in  178!) ;  was  med- 
ically eilucaled  at  Edinburgh,  and  was  at  the 
head  of  his  jirofessicm  in  Xew  York.  He  was 
professor  of  the  theory  and  practice  in  the  med- 
ical institution,  an  eloquent  and  able  teacher;  a 
67 


liberal  promoter  of  the  arts.  TTe  jniblished  a 
history  of  the  I'.rie  canal;  a  life  of  I)e  \Vitt  Clin- 
ton; an  address  on  temperance;  introductory 
discourse,  with  a  triljiite  'o  Hush,  1813;  treatment 
of  tlie  tyjjlioid,  1810;  on  vision;  system  of  nosol- 
ogy, 1818;  on  the  periiineumonia,  etc. ;  on  febrile 
contagion  ;  the  surgery  of  the  ancients ;  syllabus 
of  lectures  on  botany,  also  on  the  theory  and 
jiractice;  course  of  studies;  memoir  of  Hugh 
AVilliamson ;  discourses  liefore  the  historical  and 
horticultural  societies  ;  medical  essays,  2  vols. ;  ob- 
servations on  the  medical  character;  plants  in 
botanic  garden  ;  medical  and  philosophical  regis- 
ter, with  J.  W.  Francis,  4  vols. ;  and  other  tracts. 
—  Memoir  III/  Dr.  Francis. 

HOSMEU,  Stki'iikn,  minister  of  East  Had- 
dam,  Conn.,  died  in  1740,  aged  about  70.  He 
was  a  giaduatc  of  Harvard  iu  1009.  He  pul.i- 
lished  election  sermon,  1720. 

IIOSMEU,  SriU'iUvN  Tiir.s,  chief  justice  of 
Connecticut,  died  Aug.  o,  1834,  aged  7tJ ;  a  grad- 
uate of  Y'ale  in  178:.;. 

HOTCH.KIX,  J{i:RiAn,  died  at  Plattsburgh, 
X.  Y.,  1820.     He  was  Mr.  at  Yale,  1794. 

HOTCHKISS,  FitKDKHlc  AV.,  minister  of  Say- 
brook,  died  March  31,  1841,  aged  81.  A  native 
of  Xew  Haven,  tie  graduated  in  1778,  and  was 
ordained  collca.gue  with  AVm.  Hart  Seiit.  24, 
1783;  the  ministry  of  both  exceeded  a  century. 
He  w  as  aid  to  the  commanding  officer  in  1779  in 
resisting  a  British  attack,  and  then  lost  his  father 
and  two  uncles.  Ho  was  pastor  sixty  year.s, 
highly  respected,  useful,  and  venerable.  He  pub- 
lished the  cross  of  Christ  the  Christian's  glory, 
1801;  a  half-century  sermon,  1833;  a  sermon  at 
the  end  of  the  sixtieth  year  of  his  ministry,  1843. 
-  Sprdf/nc'.s  Annals. 

HOl.'GH,  Gi;()i!Gi:,  a  respected  printer  in  Con- 
coril,  X.  II.,  died  in  IS.-JO,  aged  72.  He  was  the 
father  of  (i.  II.  Hough,  Baptist  missionary  to 
IJurmah,  who  died  before  him. 

HOUGH'l'OX,  DouoLASS,  Dr.,  geologist  of 
^lichigan,  died  Oct.  13,  1810,  aged  30.  He  was 
born  in  Troy,  X'.  Y.,  and  educated  at  the  Renssel- 
aer institute,  in  which  he  became  a  professor  of 
chemistry  and  natural  hisiory.  Iu  1831  he  was 
surgeon  and  botanist  to  the  expedition  to  the  west. 
Settling  ill  Detroit,  he  was  apjiointed  State  geol- 
ogist in  1837.  In  a  snow  storm  he  was  drowned 
with  two  men  at  the  mouth  of  Eagle  river,  on 
Lake  Superior.  He  was  an  associate  if  various 
h-arned  associations.  He  was  nearl  ready  to 
make  his  last  reiiort  for  eight  years.  Though 
young,  he  had  a  high  rank  among  scientific  men, 
and  was  greatly  esteemed. 

HOVl'.Y,   John,    second    minister    of  Iveiinc- 

buukjiort.    Me.,   died   in    1773,   aged   uliout  70. 

Born  in  New  bury,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in 

1720,  and  was  settled  in  1741. 

HOVEY,  IvuUY,  minister  of  Plymouth,  Mass., 


450 


IIOVEY. 


died  Nov.  4,  1803,  aged  89.  He  was  born  at 
Topsficld  July  It,  1711;  was  {,'ra(lii:itc'(l  at  Har- 
vard college  in  1735,  and  was  ordained  niiiiiKter 
of  Mctajioiset,  the  second  jjaiisli  of  Itodiester, 
Oct.  29,  1740.  Having  devoted  much  attention 
to  the  study  of  jjhysic,  Jic  in  1711  commenced  the 
practice,  and  was  the  i)rinei])al  ]jhysi[ian  of  .Meta 
poiset  till  his  dismission  in  1700.  He  was  ailer- 
wards  installed,  April  18,  1770,  at  Monument 
Ponds,  ill  riymoulh,  where  he  j)assed  the  re- 
mainder of  his  life.  He  had  preached  about 
sixty-fivo  years,  and  during  that  time  kejit  a  jour- 
nal, designed  to  promote  his  improvement  in 
Christian  excellence,  which  he  left  behind  him  in 
about  seven  thousand  pages  of  short  hand.  lv\- 
tracts  from  it  are  jireservcd  in  the  Pascataqua 
ma-jazinc.  lie  was  one  of  the  best  of  men,  being 
distinguished  for  meekness,  huinility,  and  jiiety. 
He  published  a  sermon  on  leaving  Metapoiset, 
and  one  on  the  subject  of  mortality. 

HOVEY,  Sylvkstku,  died  at  Hartford,  Conn., 
MayO,  lS40,aged  13.  A  nat.ve  of  Conway,  he  grad- 
uated at  Yale  in  1819.  He  was  a  tutor  find  j)ro- 
fessor  of  mathematics  at  Williams  and  Amher.st 
colleges,  skilled  in  various  sciences,  highly  re- 
spected and  beloved.  He  died  in  jicace  ;  his  last 
efforts  to  do  good  were  by  letters  from  his  sick 
chamber  ;  in  this  waj  one  young  man  was  brought 
to  the  knowledge  of  the  way  of  life.  Mrs.  Sig- 
ourney  described  him  as 

"  Sublime  In  Fcienoc.  yet  with  mo cliness  chd, 
CIt'ar-iniinlcd,  elnfjueiit  in  tiiought  and  speech. 
And  full  of  love  for  truth.'' 

He  published  letters  from  the  West  Indies. 

IIOWAUI),  Simeon,  D.I)., minister  in  Boston, 
died  Aug.  13,  1804,  aged  71.  lie  was  born  at 
Bridge  water  May  10,  1733,  and  was  graduated  at 
Harvard  college  in  1758.  He  was  afterwards  an 
instructor  of  youth  for  several  years.  Soon  after 
he  began  to  preach,  h.e  was  invited  to  the  jirovincc 
of  Nova  Scotia,  where  he  oificiated  about  a  jear. 
In  17GG  he  was  elected  a  tutor  of  Harvard  col- 
lege; and  May  G,  1707,  was  ordained  j)astor  of 
the  west  church  in  Boston,  as  successor  to  Dr. 
Mayhew.  He  contiinied  in  this  station  till  his 
death,  and  was  succeeded  by  Charles  Lowell. 
He  heartily  engaged  in  promoting  the  American 
Revolution,  and  particij)ated  in  the  joy  expe- 
rienced on  the  acknowledgment  of  our  indepen- 
dence. In  the  various  relations  oi'  life  he  was 
foithful  and  exemplary.  In  his  theological  senti- 
ments he  diliered  from  the  (list  fathers  of  the 
New  England  churches,  for  he  rijeeled  the  sys- 
tem of  Calvin.  Towards  those  who  diliered  from 
him,  he  was  indulgent  in  his  thoughts,  and  tole- 
rant hi  his  conduct.  He  never  could  aj)j;rove  of 
a  sarcastic  and  irreverent  way  of  speaking  of  ob- 
jects, which  any  sincere  believer  might  deem 
Bacrcd.     He  was  indeed  se  mild  and  gentle,  that 


nOWAIlD. 

ho  could  not  exjircss  severity  which  he  never 
felt.  There  was  a  serenity  u|)on  his  countenance 
which  indicated  the  peace  that  constantly  dwelt 
in  bis  heart.  He  was  remarkable  for  humilitv. 
^\'hile  he  never  mentioned  either  his  virtues  or 
bis  faults,  it  was  evident  to  all  who  were  inti- 
mately ac(]uainted  with  him,  that  he  had  u  bum- 
ble sense  of  his  owii  talents  and  moral  attaiimiei.ts. 
He  was  endeared  io  his  pcojile,  for  he  interested 
himself  in  their  welfare,  and  endeavored  to  render 
them  virtuous  and  good.  All  who  knew  liini 
were  delighted  with  the  modesty,  mildness,  and 
benevolence,  which  he  exhibited.  He  imblished 
a  sermon  at  the  artillery  election,  1773;  on  the 
deatli  of  his  wife,  1777;  to  freemasons,  1778;  on 
not  behig  ashamed  of  the  gospel,  occasioned  liy 
the  death  of  Dr.  Winthrop,  1779;  at  the  elec- 
tion, 1780;  at  the  ordination  of  T.  Adams,  1791. 
—  Monthly  AiilhoL  I.  470;  III.  115-119. 

HOWARD,  John  Eagku,  governor  of  Mary- 
land, died  Oct.  12,  1827,  aged  75.  He  was  born 
June  4,  1752,  in  Baltimore  county,  Maryland. 
His  grandfather  came  to  this  country  about 
1C85  and  obtained  a  grant  of  land,  which  is 
still  in  the  family.  His  father,  Cornelius,  mar- 
ried Ruth  Eager,  grand-daughter  of  George 
Eager,  whose  estate,  procured  soon  after  the 
charter,  now  makes  a  considerable  j)art  of  the 
city  of  Baltimore.  Mr.  Howard  entered  the  army 
in  1770  as  a  captain  in  the  regiment  of  Col.  J.  C. 
Hull ,  in  tiie  following  years  he  was  promoted, 
till  finally  he  .succeeded  Lieut.-Col.  Ford  in  the 
command  of  the  2d  ^Maryland  regiment.  He  was 
an  efficient  coadjutor  of  Greene  during  the  cam- 
paign in  tiie  south,  distinguishing  himself  at  the 
battle  of  Cowpens,  when,  says  Lee,  "  he  seized 
the  critical  moment,  and  turned  the  fortune  of  the 
day;"  also  at  Guilford  and  the  Eutaws.  He  was 
in  the  engagements  of  White  Plains,  German- 
town,  Monmouth,  Camden,  and  Hobkirk's  Hill. 
Having  been  trained  to  the  infantry  service,  he 
was  remarkable  for  jjushing  into  closo  battle  with 
fixed  bayonet.  At  Cowpens  this  mode  of  fight- 
ing was  resorted  to  for  the  (n-st  time  in  the  war; 
but  afterwards  the  Maryland  line  was  often  jiut 
to  this  service.  In  this  battle  he  had  in  his  hands 
at  one  time  the  swords  of  seven  olliccrs,  who  had 
surrendered  to  him  personally.  On  this  occasion 
he  saved  the  life  of  the  British  general,  OTIara, 
whom  he  found  dinging  to  iiis  stirruj)  and  asking 
quarter.  "When  the  army  was  disbanded  he  re- 
tired to  his  patrimonial  estate  near  Baltim(U'e. 
He  soon  afterwards  married  Margaret,  the  daugh- 
ter of  Benjamin  Chew,  of  Philadeliihia,  a  lady 
of  courteous  manners  and  elegant  hosi)itality. 
In  Nov.,  178(S,  he  was  chosen  governor  of  Mary- 
land, and  continued  in  this  oflice  three  years. 
From  the  autumn  of  17'JG  till  March,  1803,  he 
was  a  senator  of  the  United  States.  His  estate 
was  increased  in  a  high  degree  in  value  l)y  the 


HOWARD. 


HOWE. 


451 


ffrowth  of  rJaltimorc,  which  extended  so  ns  to  ] 
embrace  in  its  streets  the  shades  wliich  shehered  , 
tiie  retiicd  soldier.     His  old  a;,'e  was  the  object 
of  rcfjard  and  veneration.     In  more  tlian  one  letter  ! 
AS'asliiMf;ton  cx])resscd  to   him  his  confidence  and 
esteem.  —  .!;».  vIjui.  A'ci/.,  lHJG-7,  ]).  137-l.'l!t.      j 

I1()W.\U1),  lillNJAMl.N,  l)ri;,'adier-f,'eneral,  died  ' 
at  St.  I-ouis  in  Oct.,  lSi4.     lie  had  been  a  meni- 
her  of  con;;resR  from  Kentucky,  and  was  late  jjov- 
crnor  of  the  Missouri  territory. 

lIOWAItl),  lii:ZAi.i;r.i,,  minister  of  Sprinj;field, 
died  in  1837.  A  native  of  llridfjcwater,  ho  was 
ordained  as  the  successor  of  Mr.  IJreck  April  27, 
178.J,  and  was  dismissed  on  account  of  ill  health 
at  the  ordination  of  his  succcsror,  S.  Os|Tood,  .Ian. 
'25,  1809.  He  published  a  sermon  at  the  ordina- 
tion of  A.  Pratt,  1790 ;  of  A.  Steward,  1793;  of 
Uenj.  K.  Woo;'..,rid^'e,  1799. 

liOWAIUJ,  AmsiiAi,  Dr.,  died  in  Sturhridpfc 
Dec,  1844,  af;ed  7(5;  a  physician  and  Cliristian, 
makinp;  liberal  bequests  to  benevolent  objects. 

IIOWDEE,  vSauaii,  the  last  of  the  Queen 
Awashunk  tribe  of  Indians,  died  May,  18U7,  at 
Little  C'ompton,  K.  I. 

HOWE,  ri;i;i.i'.Y,  minister  of  Killinp;ly,  Conn., 
died  in  17o3,  a^ed  about  42.  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1731,  was  the  minister  of  Dudley, 
Mass.,  from  173*5  to  1743,  and  was  in.stallcd  at 
Killiuj!;ly  in  1710.  At  the  time  of  his  death,  liis 
son  .Toseph,  afterwards  a  minister,  was  only  six 
years  old.  —  Spr(t(/n(''.s  Ainidls. 

HOWE,  .Tosi.i'ir,  son  of  Itev.  Perlcy  IT.,  min- 
ister of  the  new  south  eliurch  in  IJoston,  died  in 
Hartford  Aur.  2o,  177J,  aged  28.  lie  graduated 
at  Yale  in  17(1.")  at  the  age  of  eigliteen,  the  first 
scholar  in  bis  class.  He  was  liccn-  ed  to  prcacli 
in  17(i9,  and  was  soon  apjjointed  a  tutor  at  Yale. 
In  1772  he  was  settled  at  lioston  as  tlie  successor 
of  llcv.  Pcnuel  Powen.  The  storm  of  war  drove 
him  from  the  city  early  in  1775 ;  in  the  same 
vcar  he  died.  lie  was  a  minister  of  high  talents 
and  Moniise,  and  of  almost  unequalled  elocution. 
Yet  no  stone  marks  the  .spot  of  his  burial.  — 
l:^j)nniiir'n  Ainio/s. 

HOWl'',  Gkouci:,  lord  viscount,  was  the  eldest 
son  of  Sir  E.  Scropc,  second  lord  viscoimt  Howe 
in  Ireland.  He  commanded  five  thousand  Pritish 
troops,  wliich  arrived  at  Ilalifiix  in  July,  17,j7. 
In  the  next  year,  when  Aliercrombie  jiroceeded 
against  Ticoiideroga,  in  an  attack  on  the  advanced 
guard  of  the  I'rench  in  the  woods  liOrd  Howe 
fell  on  the  first  fire,  in  July,  17o.S,  aged  33.  In 
him,  says  Maute,  "  the  -loul  of  the  army  seemed 
to  expire."  Py  his  military  talents  and  many 
virtues  ho  had  acquired  esteem  and  atl'ection. 
Massncluisetts  erected  a  monument  to  his  mem- 
ory in  Westminster  Abbey,  at  the  cxpoii.se  of 
2.J0  jiounds.  —  Holmes,  U.  82 ;  Manie,  147. 

HOWE,  lliCiiAim,  earl,  an  I'.uglish  admiral, 
brother  of  the  preceding,  died  Aug.  0,  1799,  aged 


73.  On  the  death  of  liis  brother  he  succeeded  to 
his  title  and  estate.  He  commanded  the  Pritish 
lleet  which  arrived  at  Staten  Island  July  12, 
177(),  and  was  one  of  the  commissioners  to  offer 
jiroposals  of  |)eace.  In  July,  1777,  he  convoyed 
the  two  hundred  and  se\enty  transjiorts,  in  which 
the  Pritish  army  sailed  from  New  York  to  the 
Clieaspeake.  In  the  winter  he  rejiaired  to  New- 
port, as  a  safe  harbor.  This  ])laee,  when  threat- 
■ncil  by  the  Americans  and  l'"rench,  he  relieved 
.\i'g.  30,  1778,  arriving  from  New  Y'ork  with  one 
hundred  sail  of  slii])s.  In  Sept.  ho  resigned  the 
Lonimand  to  Admiral  Gambier.  June  1,  1794, 
he  obtained  a  victory  over  the  I'rench.  A  severe 
letter  to  Lord  IIowo  on  his  naval  conduct  in  the 
American  war  was  published  in  1779,  in  all  jirob- 
abihty  written  by  Lord  Sackvillc,  the  minister  or 
secretary  for  the  colonies.  He  ]nib'Mied  a  nar- 
ra*ive  of  the  transactions  of  the  Meet,  etc.,  1779. 

IIOWl'^,  Sir  William,  general,  brother  of  the 
preceding,  died  in  1814.  He  was  the  successor 
of  Gage,  in  the  command  of  the  Pritish  forces  in 
America,  arriving  at  Poston  in  May,  1775,  with 
Purgoyne.  He  commanded  in  the  battle  of 
Puiikor  Hill.  In  Sept.,  1770,  he  took  posses.sion 
of  New  York.  AVith  his  brother  he  was  a  com- 
missioner for  peace.  In  July,  1777,  he  .sailed  for 
Chesapeake;  entered  I'hikuhdphia  Sej)t.  27th; 
and  defeated  the  Americans  at  Germantown  Oct. 
4th.  In  May,  1778,  he  was  succeeded  byClinton. 
He  jjiiblished  a  narrative  as  to  his  command  in 
North  .Vmerica,  2d  ed.,  1780. 

HOWI'.,  N  ATI  lANir.L,  minister  of  Ilopkinton,  died 
Eob.  15, 1837,  aged  72,  in  the  forty-sixth  year  of 
his  riinistry,  resjiectcd  for  his  talents  and  virtues. 
I'orn  in  Iiiswich,  a  graduate  of  Harvard  in  1786, 
lie  was  ordained  Oct.  5, 1791  ;  he  had  a  colleague 
in  1830.  In  the  gift  of  jirayer  .lo  was  remarka- 
ble ;  he  had  an  excellent  character  .'s  a  minister. 
His  century  sermon  in  1815  excited  attention. 
He  said  in  it,  "Do  you  know  by  wliat  means  I 
have  become  so  rich,  as  t(i  have  a  great  house, 
etc. ;  a  form,  a  herd  of  cattle,  a  flock  of  sheep, 
etc.  The  princijial  reason  is  this,  because  I  have 
been  doing  'our  business  and  neglecting  my 
own."  lie  then  explains,  that  he  had  been 
obliged  to  supjjort  himself  on  account  of  the  neg- 
lect of  his  people.  His  son  Applcton,  a  gradu- 
ate of  1815,  has  been  a  senator.  He  published 
a  .sermon  on  the  death  of  three  jicrsons,  1808; 
the  century  sermon  mentioned;  design  of  John's 
baptism,  1819;  a  reply  to  Dr.  Paldwin,  1820; 
a  catechism,  with  questions  and  proverbs.  — 
Sj))-nijiic\-f  Aimals. 

HOWE,  John,  major,  a  brave  officer  of  the 
Revolution,  died  near  Flemington,  N.  J.,  Dec. 
15,  1843,  aged  90. 

HOWE,  Zadock,  M.  I).,  died  at  Rillerioa, 
Mass.,  Fob.  8,  1851,  after  a  long  successful  pro- 
fessional career,  liighly  respected. 


452 


HOWELL. 


''I 


-: 


■i    ,;i 


W'"^:     1,4, 


HOWELL,  RifiiARD,  fjovrrnor  of  \rw  Jcr- 
Ht>y,  (lied  Ajuil  L'M,  1,S()2,  a;,'c(l  17.  He  was  a 
native  of  J)('lM\viir(",  hut  (■oniniaiidcd  n  New  Jer- 
ttcy  rofriment  from  177(>  till  177!*,  when  in  coiise- 
qiunc  of  n  new  arraii(f(  incnt  of  the  army  he 
reMiiiudlhe  prdtrssioii  of  iln  law.  In  17H.S  he 
WON  ajjpointcd  {'Icrk  of  tlic  lii'iinie  couit,  which 
office  he  held  (III  .liine,  17il.',  vdicn  he  was  chosen 
governor  of  tlie  Stale.  'I'o  this  plaee  he  was 
eight  years  successively  elected.  He  possessed  a 
cultivated  mind,  and  was  henev(dent  in  liiy  life. 

HOWELL,  l)AVii>,  LL.  J).,  judfre,  died  July 
29,  182  J,  aj,'ed  77.  He  was  horn  in  New  Jersey, 
and  graduated  at  I'rineeton,  17(i().  Kenioving  to 
Khode  Islau  1,  he  was  a])iiointed  professor  of 
mathematics  and  afterwards  of  law  in  the  univer- 
sity. Devoting  himself  to  the  jiractico  of  the  law 
at  Providence,  he  was  chosen  judge  of  the  su- 
preme court.  He  was  also  a  m(inl)(r  of  the  old 
congress;  and  in  1KI2,  was  a])])ointed  distiict 
judge  for  Uhode  Islaiul,  which  ofKce  he  sustained 
till  his  death.  He  was  a  man  of  distinguished 
talents  and  learning. 

H()A\'I;LL,  Sii.as,  died  in  Tortland,  Maine,  in 
ISIav,  1840,  aged  101. 

lioWELL,  Natiiamel  W.,  judge,  died  at 
Canandaigua,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  16,  1851,  nged  82.  He 
was  eminent  as  a  jurist. 

HOWLANH,  Jous,  a  pilgrim  of  1020,  was  a 
member  of  Gov.  Carver's  family,  and  married  his 
daughter  Elizaheth.  On  his  voyage  in  a  storm 
he  fell  overboard,  hut  escajjeu  death  by  clinging 
to  the  topsail  halliai-ds,  which  hung  in  the  water. 
He  lived  in  Plymouth,  Duxbury,  and  Kingston. 
In  the  last  town  he  died  Feb.  22,  1072,  aged  80. 
The  records  S])cak  of  him  as  "  a  godly  man  and 
an  ancient  professor  of  the  ways  of  Christ."  He 
was  a  deputy,  assistant,  and  one  of  the  leading 
men  of  the  colony,  lie  was  buried  at  Plymouth. 
His  widow  died  1087,  aged  80.  His  sons  were 
John,  Jabez,  Isaac.  Joseph  i  his  daughter  Desire 
married  John  Gorham;  Ho])e  married  J.  Chiji- 
man ;  Elizabeth  married  E.  Hicks  ;  Lydia  mar- 
ried J.  Brown ;  lluth  married  T.  Cushman.  His 
son  John  married  Marv'  Leo,  IGol,  daughter 
of  Mary,  and  settled  in  Barnstable,  Josejjh  in 
Plymouth,  Isaac  in  Middleliorough,  and  Jabez  in 
Bristol,  whose  grandson  John  died  in  Providence 
Nov.  5,  18ii4,  at  the  great  age  of  07,  a  man  of 
moral  worth,  and  .ikillcd  in  antiquarian  researches 
in  )'egard  to  the  history  of  the  pilgrims,  '^e  was 
president  of  the  11.  I.  historical  society. 

HOWLANl),  John,  the  minister  of  Carver, 
Mass.,  died  Nov.  4,  1804,  aged  83.  He  was  the 
son  of  the  second  John  of  Barnstable ;  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  in  1741,  and  was  ordained  in 
1740.  His  wife  was  the  daughter  of  llev.  Dan- 
iel Lewis  of  Pembroke.  His  daughter  Anna 
married  l{ev.  Ezra  Weld  of  Braiiitree. 

HOWOOSWEE,  Z.\CUARY,  an  Indian  miuis- 


nUBRARD. 

tor,  died  at  Oayhead,  Martha's  Vineyard,  Jidv, 

1 821.  aged  84. 

HOVr,  .\iti),  missionary  to  the  Cberokees,  was 
a  settled  minister  of  Wilkesbarre,  Pa.,  when  lie 
offered  his  services  to  the  .\nierican  Board.  In 
Nov.,  1817,  he  proceeded  with  his  family  to 
Urainerd,  and  in  1821  to  Willstown,  wlure  ho 
died  I'eb.  18,  1828,  nged  r,l.  He  died  very  sud- 
denly, but  was  able  to  say,  lifting  his  eyes  in  rap- 
ture to  heaven,  "I'm  going."  The  C'herokecs 
were  strongly  attached  to  him.  By  his  labors 
Catlurine  iiiown  and  others  were  converted.  He 
was  indeed  a  most  valuable  missionary.  His 
journals  were  read  with  great  interest. 

HOYi',  El M'intAs,  general,  was  born  Dec.  Itl, 
r.ti.j,  and  died  at  Deerlleld,  Mass.,  Eeb.  8,  bS.JO, 
aged  84.  He  jjublished  several  works  on  mili- 
tary affairs,  one  of  which  was  on  cavalry  discipline, 
17;i7.  His  ,nnti()uarian  researches  were  pulilished 
in  1824,  couiuiuing  a  history  of  Indian  wars,  es- 
pecially in  reference  to  the  Connecticut  river  set- 
tlemr'  is. 

in  niiAllD,  William,  minister  of  Ipswich, 
Mass.,  and  a  historian,  died  Sejit.  14,  1704,  aged 
82.  He  was  borr  in  the  year  1()21,  the  son  of 
William  of  Ijjsu  ::  and  Boston,  and  was  gradu- 
ated at  Harard  ■  illege  in  the  first  class  in  1042. 
The  time  ol  'lis  oi-dination  is  not  known,  but  it  is 
su]iposed  to  liave  been  about  the  year  1057,  as 
colicague  with  Mr.  Coijbet.  In  his  old  age  John 
liogers  was  settled  with  him  in  1002.  His  wife 
was  Margaret,  tlie  daughter  of  Nathaniel  Kogers. 
His  second  marriage  in  1094  to  Mrs.  Mary  Pear- 
son displeased  liis  parisli,  on  account  of  her 
s])here  iji  lil'e.  His  son  Natlianiel  was  a  judge 
of  tlie  sujierior  court.  He  was  a  man  of  learn- 
ing, and  of  a  candid,  benevolent  mind.  He  wrote 
a  valuable  history  of  New  England,  for  which  the 
State  ])aid  him  50  pounds.  It  was  used  by 
Mather  in  writing  his  magnalia,  by  Hutchinson, 
and  by  Dr.  Holmes.  At  last  it  was  jiubUshed  in 
ihe  Mass.  historical  collections,  2d  series,  vols.  v. 
md  VI.  He  published  an  election  sermon,  enti- 
tled the  hapijiuess  of  a  ])eople  in  tlie  wisdom  of 
their  rulers  directing  and  in  the  obedience  of  their 
brethren,  etc.,  1070 ;  the  present  state  of  New 
England,  being  a  narrative  of  the  troubles  with 
the  Indians  ii-om  tlie  first  i)lanting  thereof  in  1007 
to  1G77,  but  chiefly  of  the  two  last  years,  1075 
and  1070,  to  which  is  added  a  discourse  about  the 
war  with  the  Pcquots,  4t,o.,  1077  ;  a  fast  sermon, 
1082 ;  a  fimeral  discourse  on  Gen.  Dcnison,  1084  ; 
a  testimony  to  the  order  of  the  gospel  in  the 
cliurches  of  Now  England,  with  Mr.  lligginson. 
1701. — Ilutcldnsou,  II.  147;  Holmes;  Hint. 
Coll.  ;  Spra(/ue\i  Annals. 

HUBBAKD,  JoxAiiLVN,  the  first  winistcr  of 
Sheffield,  Mass.,  died  July  0, 1705,  aged  «il.  He 
was  born  in  Sunderland,  and  graduated  at  YaJie  tn 
1824.    The  church  was  formed  and  he  was  set- 


iiunnARi). 


IIUDDY. 


453 


tied  Oct.  22,  1735  i  lie  was  dismissed  in  ITfil.  ]  With  their  work  Irt  n  fnshionnblo  woman's  work 
John  Kcrp  Kuccccdcd  liini.  He  iiad  a  ^muid  tills  ])r('M'iit  season  of  IS.'jfi,  at  (Saratoga,  lie  I'on- 
iiiind.  and  was  active  and  lively.  '  trasted,  displayinij:   sixty  ditlerent   cosily   dresses, 

linUiAKI),  John,  minister  of  Merideii,  Conn., '  made  u\i  at  New  York.     The  name  of  a  vain  and 
diiMl  Nov.   IH,   l".S(i,  a;,'ed   ,'>'.).     The   son  of  Col.  '  useless  woman  of  extravaj,'ance  and  folly  may  well 
.John  II.,  of  New  Haven,  he  was  (graduated  at  i  pass  into  ohlivioii;  the  righteous  Hhnll  hi'  in  te- 
ed .June   22,  1 "(!!).' memhrance. 


Jlist. 


Yale  in  1711,  and  was  ordainei 
Several  ]iam|ihlet.s  were  occasioned  liy  his  ordina- 
tion,    lie  was   useful   and  beloved.  —  Spiuijiic'ii 
Annul. 1. 

liriiltAlU),  I.KVniinT,  M.  ]).,  president  of 
the  ConiR'ctieiit  medical  society,  died  at  Hartford 
in  1 7!)1,  af,'ed  70.  He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1711, 
and  was  an  eminent  ])liyKician. 

HUiniAUI),  John,'  minister  nf  Northfield, 
Mass.,  died  Nov.  2.S,  1791,  \v^m\  (1!),  in  the  forty- 
fifth  year  of  liis  ministry.  Itorn  in  Hatfield,  he 
•graduated  at  Yale  in  17*7.  lie  was  ordained 
May  ;i(),  17"j(). 

1IUI5HA1U),  KiiKxraKn,  minister  of  Marhlc- 
head,  Mass.,  died  Oct.  13,  1«0(),  aged  42,  in  the 
fourteenth  year  of  his  ministry.  lie  was  bom  at 
Concord,  (graduated  at  Harvard  in  1777,  and  was 
ordained  .fan.  1,  17M3.  V,.  Stone  preached  his 
ordination  sermon,  lie  j)ublislied  a  sermon  at 
the  ordination  of  A.  Orne,  1790. —  Spraijiics 
Annuls. 

TlUllBARD,  John,  professor  of  mathematics 
and  natural  philosophy  at  Dartmouth  college, 
died  in  1810,  aged  51.  Horn  inTownsend,  Mass., 
he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1785;  and,  having 
studied  theology,  became  the  precciitor  of  New 
Ipswich  and  Dcerfield  academies,  and  was  also 
judge  of  jirobate  in  Cheshire  county.  He  suc- 
ceeded Prof.  AVoodward  at  Dartmouth  in  1804, 
and  was  Ruccccdcd  by  Prof.  Adams.  He  jiub- 
lished  an  oration  on  the  4th  of  July,  1799;  rudi- 
ments of  gcograpliy,  1803 ;  American  reader, 
1808;  essay  on  music. 

IIUUnAllD,  ]{i;i.A,  D.  D.,  Episcopal  minister 
in  New  Haven,  died  in  1812,  aged  about  1o.  He 
graduated  at  Yalo  in  1708.  He  succeeded  Mr. 
Palmer  in  17G7. 

nUHBAlH),  Polly,  Miss,  died  at  Fowlervillo, 
N.  Y.,  Doc.  29,  1S,'J7.  aged  ()3  ;  her  .sister  Sally, 
the  wife  of  Wells  Fowler,  died  the  jireceding  day. !  pieces,  signed  Leila  Linwood. 
The  loss  of  two  such  eminently  jiious  women  in  ai  IIUDDY,  Jo.siiiA,  captahi,  was  taken  prisoner 
new  church  is  great,  'i'hcy  were  daughters  of  in  a  small  foit  on  Tom's  river.  New  Jersey,  by  a 
deacon  James  Hubbard,  of  I'ittsfield,  Mass.  In  a  ])arty  of  tory  refugees  in  March,  1782,  and  carried, 
religious  meeting  of  femak~,  ^liss  II.  could  di/  with  Ills  company,  to  New  York.  On  the  8th  of 
two  things  well :  she  could  guide  and  support  a  |  April,  lie  and  two  others  were  sent  by  the  board 
conversation  on  religious  subjects,  and  she  could  of  loyalists  to  Middletowii  Point  or  Sandy  Hook, 
pray.  God  has  enriched  our  churclies  with  a  i  to  be  exchanged  under  the  care  of  Cajit.  Lippen- 
multitudo  of  such  women,  of  whom  the  world, '  cot,  who  reported  on  his  return,  that  he  had  ex- 
wliich  they  bless,  knows  nothing.  To  the  jirayers  '  changed  the  two  as  directed,  and  that"IIuddy 
and  toils  of  such  women  revivals  of  n-'ligion  may  j  had  been  exchanged  for  Philip  \\'hite."  lie  hod, 
often  be  ascribed,  in  one  of  which  her  sister  had  in  fact,  of  liis  own  authoritj,  hung  him  on  a  tree 
the  ha;'pine<>  of  seeing  lior  husband,  one  son  and  i  ou  the  Jersey  sluirc.  The  case  of  I'liiiip  White, 
his  wiie,  a  (h.iightcr,  al>o  two  daugliters  and  their  the  tory,  was  this.  Having  been  taken  ])risoiier, 
husband.%  united  at  the  same  time  to  the  chm'ch.  |  as  some  light  horse  were  conveying  him  to  Free- 


IILIMtAHD,  KlcnAlU),  mayor  of  Middletown, 
Conn.,  (lied  in  1839,  aged  47.  He  graduated  at 
Yale  in  lHi;j. 

lU'llIiAlH).  Thomas,  M.  1).,  jirofessor  of  sur- 
gery at  Yale  college,  died  at  New  Haven  June  13, 
18;jH,  aged  (i3. 

HU1515AHD,  SAMt'ia,,  judge,  died  at  Postoi. 
Dec.  24,  1847,  aged  02.  Horn  in  Poston,  he 
graduated  at  Yide  in  1N()2.  I'or  a  few  years  he 
practised  law  in  Itiddei'ord,  then  in  Poston.  In 
1812  he  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court.  l'\)r  years  he  was  one  of  the  board  of 
commissioners  for  foreign  missions.  He  was 
learned,  u])right,  judicious,  and  ex]iert  in  business. 

IIUHP.\RD,  Cai.kii,  major,  died  in  Sunderland 
April  7,  18o0,  aged  90,  an  officer  of  the  Kevolu- 
tion. 

HUPPARD,  JoN.\TnAX  H.,  judge  of  the  su- 
jircmc  court  of  Vt.,  died  at  Windsor  Sept.  20, 
1819.  aged  81 ;  a  member  of  congress,  1809-1811. 

HUPHARD,  Samii.i.  Dickinson,  PL.  D.,  post- 
master-general, died  of  a  spinal  comjilaint  at 
Middletown,  Conn.,  Oct.  8,  18ijo,  aged  oO.  He 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1819. 

HUPPELL,  Woi.COTT,  died  at  Laneshorough 
Oct.  20,  1840,  aged  85.  He  was  a  magistrate, 
senator,  and  Christian.  —  N.  Y.  Observer,  Nov. 
28. 

IIUBPELL,  Walter,  died  in  Canandaigua 
March  25,  1848,  aged  53;  a  lawyer  and  an  active 
Christian,  a  useful  teacher  in  bible  classes  and 
Sunday  seho(.ls. —  DrK/rjcit's  Sermon. 

HUPPKLL,  Maktiia  Stone,  wife  of  Rev. 
Stephen  llubbell  of  North  Stonington,  died  Aug. 
8,  1850,  ageil  42.     She  wrote  "Shady  Side." 

HUPPELL,  Mauy  I;i,izai!KTII,  the  only 
daughter  of  the  preceding,  died  at  Stonington, 
Conn.,  in  June,  1850.  aged  20,  the  authoress  of 


M 


Ht'DRON. 


HULL. 


t!  : 


hold  at  tlip  ond  of  Mnrcli,  he  iitfcmptcd  f n  pscnpc ; 
thou<{h  fiilkd  upoti  lo  Mirrcndcr,  lie  coiiliinicd  lo 
run,  and  iim  lie  wtiH  ulioiit  to  k'tij)  into  ii  l>()^  ho 
was  cut  doHii  hy  n  sword,  (icn.  VVashiiif^ton, 
April  21,  I'T"*.  dt'iimiidrd  of  (Icii.  C'liiitoi\  the 
dt'livi'ry  of  ],i]i|;''iic()t,  llic  imirdcrcr  of  White; 
but  the  hoard  of  k/valisls  iiit<ri)os(<l  for  hin  pro- 
tedioii.  On  the  fiiihirc  of  t(>«i|)liiiiirp  with  liix 
demand,  (icn.  A\'iiNiiinf,'loii  seleotid  by  lot  Cnj)t. 
Asgill  of  the  j{uiird.-<,  taken  at  Yorktown,  and 
fixed  the  lime  and  phice  of  his  execution.  Mrs. 
Asfjill,  ilie  mother,  wrote  to  M.  Vergennes,  the 
French  miiu'ster,  ;md  lief,'f,'(d  liis  interference, 
desci'iliiup  her  distrcNs  and  that  of  her  family. 
Her  ))alhitic  ,'iji))eal  was  jmblihlied.  In  eonne- 
qiieneeof  it,  Verj,'enMes  interpoHcd  with  AVasliinpf- 
ton,  and  hy  order  of  congress  As^^ill  was  released 
in  Nov.  Cajit.  A>;<;ill  was  afterwards  Sir  Charles 
A.,  general:  and  died  in  lcS2.'i,  aj,'( d  70. 

HUDSON',  Hi.MiV,  an  eminent  navi^'aior,  was 
nn  Enj,dishman,  who  exjdored  a  part  of  the  coast 
of  Greenland  in  the  years  1  (JOT  and  HiOS,  while 
seekini;  a  jia.ssajje  to  Ja])an  and  China.  After 
his  return  to  I'lujilaiid  from  his  .'ipcond  voyage,  he 
went  over  to  Holland,  and  the  Dutch  J'.aNt  India 
company  gave  him  the  command  of  a  (.hip  for 
discovery.  He  sailed  March  L',;,  lOOi),  ,ind,  after 
pasKing  along  the  const  of  hajiland,  crossed  ll  c 
Atlantic,  and  discovered  CajjC  Cod,  at  which  pju  '^ 
lie  landed.  He  then  ])urs\u'd  his  course  to  the 
Chcsajjcake,  and  on  his  return  along  the  coast 
entered  the  river  in  the  Slate  of  New  York,  which 
bears  his  name,  and  ascended  as  far  as  whore  the 
city  of  Allniny  now  stands.  A  settlemeiit  wis 
soon  after  made  iijjon  this  river  hy  the  Dutch. 
In  IGIO  he  was  agahi  fitted  out  hy  some  gentle- 
man to  di.seover  a  ])assage  to  the  south  sea,  and 
in  this  voyage  he  discovered  the  extensive  liay  to 
the  north,  which  hears  his  name.  He  drew  his 
shij)  into  a  small  creek,  Nov.  3,  and  it  was  frozen 
up  during  the  winter.  Uncommon  flights  of  wild 
fowl  funii.shed  jirovision,  without  which  supply 
the  crew  must  have  i)eri-.hed.  In  the  spring  of 
IGll  he  made  several  efforts  to  complete  his  dis- 
coveries, luit  was  obliged  to  abandon  his  enter- 
prise and  make  the  best  of  his  way  home.  He 
distributed  to  his  men  with  tears  in  his  eyes  all 
the  bread  he  had  left,  which  w;is  only  a  j)ound  to 
each  ;  though  it  is  said  that  other  ]n'ovisions  were 
afterwards  lound  in  '.ke  shij).  In  his  uneasiness 
and  desj^aa-.  he  let  fall  threat  iMiing  words  of  set- 
ting sonre  of  his  men  on  shore;  upon  wliich  a 
few  of  the  .sturdiest,  who  had  been  very  mutinous, 
entered  .ji.s  cabin  in  the  night,  tied  his  arms  bo- 
hind  liiu.  and  set  him  adrift  in  the  shallop  at  the 
■west  eiiLof  the  strait^;,  with  his  son  and  seven  of 
die  mo-t  sick  and  uifirni  of  his  men.  He  was 
never  heard  of  again.  The  crew  [jrocccded  with 
his  ship  tor  Eiigland.  Four  of  them  were  killed 
by  the  wvages,  as  tluy  went  on  sliore  near  the 


'  sfrnif's  month,  nnW  the  rest,  rcndy  to  die  for  want, 
arrived  at  I'lynioutli  in  Sept.,  1(11  f.  lie  j)ui»liv|ied 
diver.s  voyages  and  northern  diMcoveries,  Hi()7 ;  a, 
second  voyage  lor  finding  a  passage  to  the  F.ast 
Indies  by  the  northeast,  ll'AiK  Accounts  of  his 
other  voyages  were  j)ublislied :  b\it  they  wcif  not 
written  by  himself.  Some  of  them  arc  pre- 
served in  the  third  volume  of  I'urrlias'  pilgrims. 

,  —  litlLiiii]i's  L'iiii/.  I.  3!>'("'107  ;  AV'w  uitd  (len. 
lilfiii.  I>!rf. 

[  HUfJI^H,  IsA.Vf,  brigadier-general  in  1777,  died 
in  South  Carolina  in  17iS(i,  a  palciol  and  soldiirof 
the  I{ev(dutioii.  D.  linger  .(ud  ./.  linger,  states- 
men, also  of  South  C'arolina,  died  in  171(0  and 
1K(M. 

liUri',  r.rilJiAl.M,  minister  of  Windsor,  Conn., 
came  from  Ungland  and  was  settled  as  colleague 
with  Mr.  Warham  in  Hi.'!!),  and  died  Se))t.  I, 
Kill.  He  was  a  man  of  superior  talents  and 
eminent  iiNefulness.     Johnson  xays  of  lilm : 

"  Ami  Unit  Imil  hln  nririiingn  »tron(t  and  rlglit." 

His  name  is  also  written  Hcuet  and  H(>wett.     He 
liublishcd  the  pro])liecy  of  Daniel  exjilained,  4to., 

1(m;i. 

HULL,  J(isi;rii,  minister  at  AVeymouth,  Mass., 
was  settled  in  lO.'i.J,  and  resigned  in  lO.'J!). 

HULL,  Wii.i.i.vM,  general,  governor  of  ^lichi- 
gan  Territory,  died  Nov.  29,  lH2o,  aged  72. 
Horn  at  Derby,  Conn.,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in 
1772.  He  was  a  bravo  and  nsefid  oflicer  of  the 
llevclutionary  war.  In  1790  he  was  chosen 
I  lajor-general  in  the  militia  of  Massachusetts. 
In  ISOo  he  was  a])i)ointed  governor  of  the  Michi- 
gan Territory,  in  which  office  he  was  succeeded 
by  I,ewis  Cass  in  1H14.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
war  he  was  retpiestcd  to  command  the  north- 
western army.  He  surrendered  with  two  thousand 
men  at  Detroit,  to  the  lirilish  Cien.  lirock,  Aug. 
Ij,  1812.  A  court  martial  w;is  ordered  to  try 
him  on  several  charges,  and  ho  was  actually  in 
bS14  .'■■ontenced  to  l)e  shot,  but  for  his  llevolution- 
ary  ser\  ices  and  his  age  recommended  to  mercy. 
The  presidtnt  ajiproved  the  sentence  and  remitted 
the  execution,  (ien.  Hull  died  at  his  residence 
in  Newton,  near  IJoslon.  His  relict,  Sarah,  died 
in  Aug.,  182(i.  In  his  defence  he  makes  state- 
ments, which  ought  to  be  taken  into  considera- 
tion, before  it  shall  be  concluded  that  the  sentence 
was  ju.st.  lieing  governor  of  Michigan,  as  well  as 
general,  he  was  iiound  to  consult  the  safely  of  the 
frontier  settlers,  who  were  threatened  by  a  horde 
of  savages.  His  army  was  in  efrective  force  only 
onc-ihird  of  the  forces  of  Ib-ock.  He  could  liojje 
for  no  co-operation  on  the  ]>art  of  Gen.  Dearborn 
on  the  Niagara,  who  had  entered  into  an  armistice, 
and  thus  threw  the  enemy  upon  him;  the  Ih'i- 
tish  commanded  lake  I''rio ;  and  a  part  of  his 
own  f'crces  under  Cass  and  McArlhur  had  been 
scut   to  the  river  llaisin.    Under  these  circum- 


IIIM. 


lUMPHltKYS. 


455 


stances,  with  six  hniidrcd  IndiniiN  alrondy  i)ri>soiit 
with  tlif  I!i'iii--!i  II run  ;  cut  oil'  1)V  lln'  liiiio  iintl  tlio 


wilili'i'iit's.s  I'roin  liis  siipiilics  and  r( Lit'orccnicnls  ; 
In-  siiy.,  lliiU   lit-  dci'incd  it  n  safi'i'd  diitj,  \\lii(ii 
)r'  owed  to   lii«  I'tllow  I'itizins  under  hi-.  ;;ovt'rn- 
nii'iit,  to  iK'i^otiiitc  !i  ciipiiiihiiioii,  wiiicii  .scciiind 
tlu'ir  Niit'fly.     Wv  inn  t  put   triachcry  out  "1'  llio 
qui'stion.     Tlio  oidy  iiKjuiry  In,  wiii'ihcr  a  In'iivo' 
Itcvoliitioiiary  ollici'r  was  alisoliitt'ly  a  cou  ..rd  at , 
Detroit!'     It   luiM  liccn  often  tlic  case,  that  rash 
lii'roi'ti  liave  otcasioncd  a  ])ilial)li'  and  ii>c'k'ss  <\v-' 
Htnit'lion   of   lilt'.      It   was  so   in    liio  action  at  j 
MiniNinls.     AVlicii  St.  t'hiir  retreated  from 'I 'ieon- 
dero^a  in   1777,  there  was  a  threat  clamor  ii;,'ainsl 
him  J  hut  the  measure  was  wise  and  indispensable 
to  the  safety  of  the  army.  —  I  le  published  defence  | 
of  iiiniself,  ISl  1 ;  memoirs  of  the  camjiaif^n  of  lUl'J, 
witli  n  sLcteh  of  his  Uevohitionary  services,  IHL'f. 
l!is  llevolutioiiary  services  and  eampai^'ii  of  1S12, 
1)V   his    danf,'liter    Maria   C'ami)l)ell,   uiid   J.    F. 
Clarke,  was  ])ublished  LSIH.  —  J/nlmcs,  II.  170. 

IIUI.L,  AUAKTlfs  I).,  minister  in  AVorcester. 
^lass.,  died  in  1S:;(),  nj;ed  -ll.  IJorn  in  AN'ood- 
hridgc,  (,'onn.,  he  fjraduated  at  Yale  in  1H()7;  was 
a  tutor  Ibr  si.\  years;  then  was  ordained  over  the 
first  church  in  W.,  in  1821.  He  was  a  man  of 
great  intelligence,  and  of  a  fine  taste,  and  a  faith- 
ful minister.  — t<jn-(i(/nc\i  Anuahi. 

HULL,  Isaac,  a  naval  commander,  died  at 
rhiladelphia  l'"eb.  13,  184.'},  aged  CS.  lie  was 
born  at  Derby,  and  was  forty-five  years  in  the 
service  of  his  country.  IJred  to  the  sea,  at  the 
first  establishment  of  the  navy  he  was  aijjiointod 
lieutenant.  In  1800  he  cut  out  the  French  Ictter- 
of-marciue,  the  Sandwich,  from  a  p(n't  in  St. 
Domingo.  In  thn  war  of  1812  he  commanded 
the  Coii'-titution  frigate  of  forty-foin-  guns.  Aug. 
19,  after  an  action  of  thirty  miniites  he  cu])- 
turcd  the  Gucrriere,  C'aj)t.  Dacrcs,  carrying  fifty 
guns.  After  this  jjcriod  he  was  for  some  time 
employed  in  settling  the  estate  of  a  deceased 
brother. 

HUME,  IloBEUT  W.,  missionary,  died  In  1803. 
He  had  been  for  fifteen  years  a  much  respected 
member  of  the  mission  to  Honibay. 

11UMMIXG-I5I11I),  General,  a  Choctaw  chief, 
was  from  his  youth  a  friend  of  the  United  States, 
and  fought  many  battles  by  the  side  of  white  men 
against  the  red  people.  In  the  exjjcdition  of 
Wayne  and  Scott  in  1704,  against  the  Shawuces 
and  Delawares,  he  commanded  sixty  Choctaw  war- 
riors. In  the  war  against  the  Creeks  and  IJritish 
he  also  distinguished  himself.  He  d>d  p.i  ^  .sh- 
ville,  Tenn.,  Dec.  2.'1,  1H27,  aged  7o,  atu.  was 
buried  by  Col.  Ward,  the  agent,  with  ilio  honors 
of  war.  His  commission  and  silver  medal,  re- 
ceived froni  AVashington,  were  jjlaced  inhiscoflin. 

HUAll'IIKIlY,  J  AMI'S,  first  minister  of  Athol, 
Mass.,  died  in  1700,  aged  73.     Born  "v  Dorches- 


ter, he  gra<lunted  at  Harvard  in  17n,wnH  settled 
in  MM,  and  resigned  in  1782. 

HU.MrilUKY.  .Inns,  died  at  Pittslield  Dec.  2, 
18.VI,  aged  .'IS.  The  son  of  I{e\.  Dr.  Ilmnphrey, 
he  graduated  at  .\nih(  rst  college  in  ls;j,"),  and 
was  paUor  of  the  ANiulhroji  church  in  Charles- 
town,  Mass.,  IVoin  which  he  was  removed  l)y  rea- 
son of  ill  health.  'I'lien  he  was  settled  iit  lling- 
hamton,  X.  Y.;  at  last  was  apjiointeil  ))rofesNor 
of  moral  philosophy  at  Hamilton  college.  Se- 
lections from  his  sermons  with  memoirs  by  W.  J. 
lludingtoM  were  published  in  18.j(i. 

iiU.MI'ilUi'.YS,  Dami;i,.  minister  of  Derby, 
Conn.,  died  in  1787,  aged  id)out  73.  He  WU8 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1732,  and  was  ordained  the 
next  year.  He  was  one  of  the  ministers  who 
/calously  promoted  the  revival  of  religion  about 
17  10.  —  Si>i;-;-/!;;'n  Aiiiial.i. 

Jil'MI'AuKYS,  David,  cohmel,  die<l  Feb.  21, 
1K18,   iged  (W.     He  was  theN(m  of  Daniel  H.,tho 
minister  of  Derby,  Conn.,  was  born  in  1733,  aiul 
graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1771,  ai\d  soon  went 
to  reside  in  the  family  of  Col.  l'hilli|)s  of  Phillips 
manor,  New  York.     He  early  enteied  the  army 
as  a  ca])tain;  in  1778  he  was  a  nuijor  and  aid  to 
Gen.  I'utnam;  in  1780  he  was  selected  as  Wash- 
ington's aid,  with  the  rank  of  ccdonel,  and  re- 
mained  hi  his    family  to   the  end  of   the  war, 
enjoying  his  confidence  aiul  friendship.     His  com- 
petitors for   the   )ilace  of  aid   were  Tallmadge, 
Hull,  and  Alden.  For  his  valor  at  the  siege  of  York 
congress  honored  him  with  a  sword.     In  1784  he 
accompanied  Jefferson  to  I'nris,  as  secretary  of 
legation,  accom])anied  by  his  friend  Kosciusko. 
Ho  returned  in  I78(i,  and  was  elected  to  the  leg- 
islature from  Derby.     lieing  appointed  to  com- 
mand a  regiment,  raised  for  the  western  service, 
he  resided  for  some  time  at  Hintford,  and  with 
Tnmibull,  Barlow,  and  Hopkins,  wrote  the  Anar- 
chiad.     In   1788  ho  went  to  reside  with  Wash- 
ington, and  contiiuied  with  him  till  he  was  ap- 
pointed in  1790  minister  to  Portugal.-    He  sailed 
ui  1791  ;  and  soon  after  liis  return  in  1791  wa.s 
appointed  mini>ter  plenipotentiary  to  .Spain.    He 
coticluded  tivutics  with  Tripoli  and  Algiers.     In 
1802  he  \»as  succeeded  by  Pinckney.     In  his  last 
years  he   devoted  much  care  to  the  rearing  of 
'  merino  sheep.     In  1812  he  took  the  command  of 
j  the  militia  of  Connecticut.     He  died  suddeidy,  of 
an  organic  all'ection  of  the  heart,  at  New  Haven. 
I  His  wife,  whom  he  married  in    1797,  was  the 
,  daughter  of  Jolm  lUilkley,  an  I'.nglish  merchant 
at    Lisbon   of  great  wealth.      He   i)uMished   in 
1782    a   ]H)etical   address  to  the  armies   of  the 
United  States,  which  was  much  celebrated.     His 
other  works  are  poems  or  the  hap])iness  of  Amer- 
ica; on  the  future  glory    i'thc  United  States;  on 
the  itulustry  of  the  United  States;  on  the  love  of 
counti-y ;   on   the    death   of  Washington.      He 


4t)0 


HUXN. 


rf'*' 


'i! 


m 


(ill  ! 


|i* 


wrote  nlno  (hr  life  nf  I'niimm,  17SH;  the  wiMow 
i)f  Miilaliar,  ;i  triificdv.  Irom  the  FimkIi,  17!«); 
and  Ncvi'nil  I'lliiiciil  triictH  mid  orulhins.  A  col- 
liTtir)!)  of  lii.s  |iii('iiis  and  tractN,  iiu'ludiiiK  inoxt 
of  hin  \vriiiii),'K,  w«H  |ml)linlic'd  nt  Ni  w  Y(irk,  Mvo., 
171M)  uiid  lHt)\.~  tipcc.  Aiiicn'niii  /'ocln/,  I.  2o'J- 
272. 

HUNX,  X  \Nii:r.,  the  first  miiiiMtcr  of  Uoad- 
in>{i  ("iiUm  il  uiiilTl!*.  llr  fjradiiatcd  at  Y'ali' 
in  17.'{1,  mul  was  Hcttlfd  in  17.'i.'}.  Jle  |(iil(li.sht'd 
till'  clcclidti  Ncrinoii.  1717. 

Iir.\M;\Vi;i,l-,  WAi,Ti:u,l)r.,  died  i  i  Vuiter- 
towii  Oit.  1!>,  IS.j.j,  nj,'cd  W).  Horn  in  Cam- 
brid;,'!',  a  ^'radiiatc  of  17N7,  ill' Kfudit'd  with  J)r. 
SjiriiiK !  liiH  iisi'I'iil  ])i-ofi's,sional  life  wa.-t  Kpciit  in  W. 

HUNT,  .loil.N,  niiiiinti'r  of  Uostoii,  (lied  at  his 
father'H  Iioiiko  in  Nortli:iiii|itoii  ])i'c.  20,  177.">. 
ni^cd  ;J1.  Ill' and  .loiiii  Macon  wfre  scttli'd  ovit 
the  old  south  cIimitIi  in  lloslon  Si'|it.  'JO,  1771. 
In  till'  war  in  177ij,  hi'  was  hluit  out  nl  Itoslon; 
his  cIhiitIi  wan  used  as  a  ridiiifj-iliool.  lie  died 
of  a  ])iilnionary  eoinphant.  ]!■  was  a  jircacher 
of  eniiiu'iice  and  lii^di  iironii-'e.  lie  ])ul)lished 
a  sermon  at  his  ordination;  one  on  the  death  of 
Sarah  Gill,  1771.  —  lluokcr's  Ftincral  iscniion; 
Sj)ni!/iii''s  Aunals. 

Hl'N'i',  KliKMiZKlt,  M.  I).,  n  ])hyM(ian  of 
Nortliani])ton,  was  horn  there  in  1741;  was  fjrad- 
nalcd  at  Harvard  eolli'fje  in  17()4;  and  stndied 
with  ])r.  I'ynchenn  of  S[)rinKfield.  He  died  ])cc. 
20,  IH'JO,  nj^ed  70,  liavin;:;  practised  jihysic  more 
than  fifty  years,  and  in  that  time  never  liavinp 
fined  any  ])erson  for  any  del)t,  incurred  hy  medi- 
cal at  /id.iTK'c.  ]'"or  several  years  he  was  a 
merela'v  v'.  \  lie  senate.  —  Tlnichvr. 

llt'X'l',  V.  IM.iAM  G.,  died  in  Nashville,  Tenn., 
hvn  Mi,  ll>i3,  afjed  42.  lie  was  a  firadnate  of 
Iliirv-crd  in  1810;  and  a  man  of  talents,  and 
lenriilii;:.  ii'id  worth.  lie  lived  at  first  in  lloston. 
He  edited  the  National  liunner. 

HUNT,  William  W.,  mhiistcr  at  North  Am- 
herst, >Ia.ss.,  died  Oct.  o,  lH,'i7,  aged  41,  He 
graduated  at  Williams  colli'n;c  in  1820,  at  An- 
dover  seminary  in  1824.  His  se.-mons  with  a 
memoir  were  soon  ])ul)lished. 

HUNT,  Lirn.KTON,  died  in  Gwinnett  county, 
Ga.,  March  12,  184a,  aged  107,  a  soldier  of  tlie 
llevolution,  jireseiit  at  the  battle  of  Guilford,  and 
wounded  at  Eutaw  iSjirings. 

HUNTE1{,  William,  M.  J).,  a  physician  of 
Newport,  It.  I.,  was  a  native  of  Scotland;  came  to 
this  country  almut  17r)2;  and  gave,  in  1754-0, 
the  first  lectures  on  anatomy  delivered  in  New 
England.  He  died  hi  1777.  His  wife  was  the 
daughter  of  (iodfrey  Malhone,  a  rich  merchant. 
His  .son,  William,  was  a  senator  of  the  United 
States.  —  Thurhvr. 

HUNTER,  Andiu-.w,  a  chajdain  in  tlio  navy, 
died  at  Washington  in  Feb.,  1823,  aged  7o.  In 
the  Ilevolutionary  war  he  was  a  brigade  chapliiiu. 


HUNTINOTOX. 

Prnhnbly  \\o  was  the  A.  II.  who  wan  of  the  cloni 
of  .\.  Iliirr  »t  rrincetcm  in  1772. 

lll'.N'I'I'.l;.  William  I,., died  in  .upirt  I(,.i.., 
1H|!<,  aged  7.j.  He  was  a  lawyer.  !•  senator  in 
congress  from  IHII  to  lS21,and  ir.  ;.>I2  miiuNter 
to  Itraiiil.  His  style  as  n  speaker  was  ornate  and 
more  oratorical  than  was  coninion  at  the  bar.  lie 
devoted  mi  ''i  study  in  his  last  years  to  the  sub- 
ject of  ri'!i.i    ,■    lilicrty. 

lIUN'i  i'.i.'I'ON.JdllN,  minister  of  third  church 
in  Salem,  Mats,,  died  May  30,  1700,  aged  29. 
The  son  of  John  H.  of  Norwich,  Conn.,  he  grad- 
uated at  the  college  of  New  Jersey  in  17.ji),  and 
was  ordained  Sept.  2H,  17(i3.  He  died  of  the 
consumiition.  He  was  a  man  much  esteemed  for 
his  talents  and  ])ietv. —  Siirmitie'H  Aiimtls. 

IIUNTIN(iT()N,'Hi;zi;KiAi'i,  died  at  New  Lon- 
don  in  1773,aged  70.  lie  was  ehiefjiidge  of  the 
eouiily  court,  a  respected,  useful,  religious  man. 
—  I.iiril'.i  SiriiKiii. 

llUNTIN(iT()N,  Samif.l,  governor  of  (  m- 
necticut,  died  at  Norwich  Jan.  0,  17!)(i,  igcd  0.3. 
He  was  the  eldest  son  of  Nathaniel  II.,  a  farmer 
of  Windham,  and  was  born  in  1732.  In  Ins  youth 
lie  gave  indications  of  an  excellent  understand 
ing.  Without  the  advantages  of  a  collegial 
education  he  acipiircd  a  competent  knowledge  of 
the  law,  and  was  early  admitted  to  the  bar;  soon 
after  which  ho  settled  in  Norwich  in  1700,  and  in 
a  few  years  became  eminent  in  his  profession. 
In  1704  he  was  a  re])resentative  in  the  general 
assembly,  and  the  following  year  was  appointed 
king's  attorney,  which  ofKce  ho  filled  with  repu- 
tation, until  more  important  services  induced  him 
to  rchmiuish  it.  In  1774  he  was  made  an  assist- 
ant judge  of  the  snjierior  court.  In  1775  he  was 
elected  into  the  council,  and  in  the  same  year 
chosen  a  delegate  to  congress.  In  1779  he  was 
president  of  that  honorable  body,  and  was  re- 
chosen  the  followh'g  year.  After  this  year  he 
resumed  his  seat  in  the  council  and  on  the  bench. 
In  1783  ho  was  again  a  member  of  congress.  In 
1784  ho  was  apjiointed  chief  justice.  Ho  was 
placed  hi  the  chair  of  the  chief  magistrate  in  1780, 
as  successor  of  (iov.  Griswold,  and  was  annually 
re-elected  till  his  death.  His  wife,  Martha,  the 
daughter  of  Eb.  Devotion,  minister  of  Wmdham, 
died  June  4,  1794.  Having  no  children,  ho 
adopted  two  children  of  his  brother,  Jose]ih;  one 
of  whom  was  the  governor  of  Ohio,  and  the  other 
married  Itev.  I'jdward  J ).  Griffin.  His  elder  broth- 
er, Nathaniel,  minister  of  I'.ast  Windsor,  or  1^1- 
liugton,  was  ordained  in  1749  and  died  hi  1750, 
aged  32.  Gov.  H.  was  an  e.\em])lary  professor 
of  religion.  He  is  one  of  those  men,  who  hy 
the  force  of  genius,  by  indu.stry,  patriotism,  and 
integrity,  rose  to  cniuient  usefulness  and  honor. — 
Strong's  Funeral  Sermon ;  Goodrich  ;  Dicujht, 
n.  43. 

HUNTINGTON,  Josiii-ii,  D.  D.,  minister  of 


HirNTINGTOX. 

rovciitry,  ronii.,  diid  in  tTK.'j,  nprd  iiImhU  .'•'). 
lie  wax  ^'i-atliiatcd  ill  Yale  collouc  i:;  ITfi'J.  Ono 
(luiiKlitrr  miirricil  lU'V.  Mr.  (irillin  :  luiotlirr  Mr. 
JoiR's,  niicl  nIic  wiiM  flic  iiicithcr  nf  two  ciuiiuiit 
ricii  of  l'iiilaiU'l{iliiii,  JikI^'?  Joel  Jones  anil  Idv. 
l>r.  Joscpli  lliiiitiiiKton  Jones,  l[\s  hrotlierv 
were  lU'v.  I'.noeli  II.  oC  .MidilletiAvn,  and  (iov. 
Siiniiel  H.  It  is  said,  that  ninny  copies  of  his 
work  on  future  |iuiii.s|iinent  remninin^  In  the 
faniilv,  Mrs.  Jones  "  cnuswl  tlieni  fo  pass  oil"  in 
sinoke  and  (lame."  Ho  is  well  known  as  the 
author  of  a  work,  entitled,  Calvinism  improved, 
or  the  (gospel  illustrated  as  n  sjf<tem  of  real 
grace,  issiiiiifj  in  the  salvalion  of  all  men,  which 
was  j)ul)lished,  after  his  dralh,  in  17!Ki,  It  was 
nii'vvered  in  the  nwwv  year  liy  Dr.  Sironjf.  It  is 
prohahio,  that  he.idopied  th'  nnti.  i  of  uni\  ersal 
Rilvation,   as  many  others  '  innequcnce 

of  erroneous   views  of    tl  "'ijjnfy. 

Ascrihin^;  to  God  an  "  Ui  ..  — in- 

eludin;,'  every  thoufjht,  voli  >'■>    .loli  of 

nil  moral  ajfentH,  —  every  hei.,,  .m   .«  of  be- 

iiiff,  every  eiiTumstance,  connection,  a;  t  coiisc- 
cpience  lhrou;,'liout  the  whole  system  of  heinj^i" 
it  would  very  naturally  seem  to  him  imjust  thai 
any  man  should  lie  punished  forever.  He  says, 
"  If  any  are  in  extreme  sutlerinfjs  to  endless  du- 
ration, ill  this  case  they  must  he  infinite  losers  liy 
that  existence,  which  the  Ciod  of  love  forced  ujion 
them."  But  surely  Scripture  docs  not  ascribe  to 
God  any  decree  or  agency  to  jiroduce  sin  ;  on  the 
contrary,  it  declares  expressly  that  God  temptcth 
no  man  to  sin.  Throughout  the  ]lil)le,man  is  re- 
garded as  a  moral  agent,  self-acting,  and,  if  sin- 
ful, with  unforced  volition  choosing  evil.  Hence 
he  is  responsible,  and  destined  to  answer  for  him- 
self in  the  final  judgment.  Setting  out  with  the 
grand  error  of  absolute  decree  of  sin,  and  jiro- 
duction  of  it  by  God's  jiowcr,  and  the  eonsefpient 
denial  of  human  resjionsiblcness,  ])r.  II.  founds 
liis  argument  for  uni>crKal  salvation  on  another 
error  in  regard  to  the  atonement  of  Christ,  which, 
bethought,  included  the  endurance  of  all  the  pun- 
ishment threatened  the  sinner,  and  thus  a  satis- 
faction of  the  law,  so  that  nil  sinful  men  are 
released  from  its  curse.  Ilcnco  be  says,  by  n 
wild  jierversion  of  the  jilain  language  of  scrip- 
ture, that  sinners  "  in  their  .virvhj,  vicar,  or  siili- 
stilute,  i.  e.  in  Christ,  the  head  of  every  man,  go 
away  into  eecrhidiiitj  jtnni.slimiid,  in  a  true  gos- 
pel sense.  In  liim  they  sufler  infinite  punishment, 
i.  e.  he  suffers  for  them,  in  their  room  and  stead." 
By  another  strange  jierversion,  revolting  to  com- 
mon sense,  be  rcjiresents  that  in  the  day  of  judg- 
ment, not  men  of  all  nations,  but  "  characters 
shall  be  separated  one  from  another,  as  a  shep- 
herd dividetli  the  sheep  from  the  goats."  "  The 
character  oi'  ti'mncrs  was  always  at  God's  left  hand 
and  always  will  be."  In  the  resurrection  he  main- 
tains that  our  sins  will  arise,  "  in  the  holy  voice 
58 


mvriNT.TON, 


457 


.)f  the  law,"  and  that  this  will  be  the  only  resur- 
rection to  coiidi'innalion  and  everlasting  shamo 
and  contempt,  while  all  iiicn  will  arise  to  ever- 
lasting life.  It  is  by  such  strange  departure  from 
s(  ripture  and  common  sense,  that  error  is  built 
up  and  misi  rill  !e  men  an-  deluded. 

I>r.  Itiiniiiigton  published  r.  sermon  on  the 
vanity  and  niiscliief  of  presuming  on  things  be- 
yond our  ni<  'sure,  1771;  a  plea  in  the  cause  of 
Mr*.  l''isk.  excommnnicati'd  for  marrving  a  jiro- 
faii''  niaii,  I77!l;  address  to  his  analiaplist  breth- 
ren. 17N.'t;  election  sermon,  l7HIj  installation  of 
J.  I'.llis,  \'iHr,  ;  on  death  of  J.  Howard,  1780;  on 
the  atonement.  17',»1  ;  on  the  death  of  Mrs.  Strong, 
17!>.'J.  Alter  bis  death  his  work  on  unive^nnl 
salvation  was  published, called  Calvinisminipi'vl. 
—  Sjirtii/'if'.i  Annul.''. 

]lUN"n\(i'l()N',  I'.\o(ii,  minister-  'V.u'"  ■ 
town,  Conn.,  died  in  1N()!»,  aged  abou  70.  hr 
graduated  at  Yale  in  17.0!).  He  succeeded  \S . 
Jliissell  and  was  succeeded  by  Dan  Huntington. 
The  pa-stor  of  M'esttield  ehun  b  in  Middletown 
was  David  Huntington,  who  graduated  at  Dart- 
mouth ill  the  third  class  in  177.'t,  and  died  in  IMll, 
..ged  about  (id.  He  published  a  sermon  at  the 
ordination  of  V,.  I'arsons,  1773;  a  sermon  on 
pulilical  wisdom,  17H(). 

HUNTINGTON,  Asaiiki.,  minister  of  Topsfield, 
died  Ajiril  T2,  IHl.'J,  aged  .J2.  He  lelt  nn  unfin- 
ished sermon,  written  on  the  day  of  his  sickness, 
on  the  text,  "  lie  ye  also  ready."  He  wns  bom 
in  Franklin,  Conn.,  once  a  jiart  of  Norwich,  in 
which  town  his  ancestors  lived.  His  grandfather 
was  Deacon  Chrlstojiher  H.  He  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  in  178(;,  the  first  scholar  in  his  class. 
He  was  ordained  in  17Ki).  lie  was  an  excellent 
minister  and  teacher.  His  wife  was  Alethea  Lord 
of  I'omfret.of  whom  there  is  a  jiortrait  inCIeave- 
land's  address.  She  was  the  daughtr>r  of  Dr. 
Klislia  L.,aiul  died  in  IH.'JO,  aged  8;j.  Dr.  I';iisha 
of  Lowell  and  Asahel  II.  of  Salem  are  his  sons. — 
'J'ojixjicld  Celf'hralioH  ;  X.  C/carcltnid'.i  Address. 

HUNTINGTON,  JiailUiAll,  general,  died  Sejit. 
2o,  1818,  aged  Id.  He  was  born  in  Norwich, 
Conn.,  Aug.  15,  17-13,  and  w  as  graduated  at  Har- 
vard college  in  17()3,  on  which  occasion  he  ])ro- 
nounccd  the  first  English  oration  ever  delivered 
at  commencement.  He  soon  engaged  in  com- 
mercial pursuits  in  Norwich.  At  the  age  of  twenty- 
threi'  he  mnde  a  profession  of  religion.  Entering 
the  army  in  command  of  a  regiment  in  177*5,  he 
was  in  May,  1777,  appohited  by  congress  a  briga- 
dier-general. Alter  the  war,  during  which  he 
had  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  Washington,  he 
was  sherilf  of  the  county  and  treasurer  of  the 
State.  In  1789  he  was  appointed  collector  of  the 
port  of  New  London,  an  office  which  he  held 
twenty-six  years,  resigning  it  in  1815.  His  first 
wife,  the  daughter  of  Gov.  Trumbull,  died  at 
Dedham  in  1775,  while  he  was  on  his  way  to  join 


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HUNTINGTON. 


KURD. 


the  army  at  Caml)ritlp;c.  His  relict,  the  sister  of 
Bishop  Moore  of  Virffinia,  died  in  March,  1831. 
With  the  couraj^e  of  the  soldier  he  comliiiied  the 
humhle  graces  of  the  Christian.  lie  was  an  offi- 
cer of  the  church,  a  member  of  the  American 
foreif^  mission  society  from  its  orj^ani/ation,  and 
a  zealous  snpjwrter  of  various  charitable  institu- 
tions. His  own  charities  were  unequalled  in  Con- 
necticut.—  I'anoplinl,  XV.  H3. 

HUNTINGTON,  liiticxi^zicu,  major-general, 
died  at  Norwich,  Conn.,  in  June,  1831,  aged  "9. 
He  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1775,  and  joined 
the  army  near  IJoston  in  the  same  year.  Jlerose 
in  rank  in  successive  years;  in  1779  he  was  aj)- 
pointed  lieutenant-colonel,  and  was  j)rescnt  at  thf 
surrender  of  Cornwallis.  He  was  twice  elected  a 
member  of  congress.  In  1799  he  was  aj)pointed, 
at  the  request  of  Washington,  brigadier-general 
in  the  army  then  raised. 

HUNTINGTON,  Hezi-kiaii,  died  at  Middle- 
town,  Conn.,  May  27,  1842,  aged  83.  lie  was 
United  States  attorney  for  Connecticut. 

HUNTINGTON,  JosiilA,  minister  of  Boston, 
son  of  Jedidiah  II.,  was  born  Jan.  31,  17SG, 
and  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1804.  During 
a  revival  in  1802  he  became  jiious.  He  was  or- 
dained colleague  with  Dr.  Ikkley,  May  18,  1808, 
and  on  his  return  from  a  journey  for  his  health 
to  Canada,  died  at  Groton  Sept.  11,  1819,  aged 
33.  He  was  a  very  faithful  and  useful  minister, 
and  a  humble,  disinterested,  excellent  Christian. 
When,  ui  his  sickness,  told  that  he  was  about  to 
meet  liis  father,  he  roi)lied,  "  Yes ;  it  will  be  a 
glorious  meeting."  lie  published  memoirs  of  the 
life  of  Abigail  Waters,  1811.  — Panojjlint,  XVI. 
629-535 ;  Spragne's  Annals. 

HUNTINGTON,  Susan,  wife  of  the  preceding, 
the  daughter  of  Acliilles  Mansfield,  minister  of 
Killingworth,  Conn.,  was  born  Jan.  27,  1791. 
Her  mother  was  the  grand-daughter  of  Jared 
EUot,  minister  of  K.,  a  descendant  of  the  "  Indian 
apostle."  At  the  age  of  sixteen  she  made  a  jjro- 
fession  of  religion.  She  was  married  Jlay  18, 
1809.  After  surviving  her  husband  four  years, 
she  died  in  Boston  Dec.  4,  1823,  aged  32.  Her 
four  surviving  children  became  ])artakers  of  the 
same  grace  in  which  their  parents  rejoiced.  She 
was  very  intelligent  and  remarkably  pious.  She 
wrote  a  letter  to  a  friend  recovered  from  sickness, 
which  is  tract  No.  eighty-eight  of  the  American  tract 
Bocicty,  and  the  story  of  Little  Lucy.  Her  me- 
moirs by  B.  B.  Wisner,  with  an  introductory  essay 
and  poem  by  James  Montgomery,  were  published, 
third  edition,  1829,  containing  her  letters,  journal, 
and  some  pieces  of  poetry.  Five  editions  have 
been  jmblished  in  Scotland. 

HUNTINGTON,  Samuel,  governor  of  Ohio, 
died  at  Painesville  July  7,  1817,  aged  49.  He 
was  the  son  of  Dr.  ll.  of  Coventry,  and  the 
adopted  son  of  Governor  H.  of  Connecticut,  was 


I  born  in   17C5,  and  graduated  at  Yale  college  in 

1785.     Itemoving  in  1801   to  Ohio,  he  was  there 

j  ap])ointed  thief  justice.     In    1808  he  was  elected 

governor,  as  succes.sor  of  Tiffin,  the  first  governor; 

in  1810  he  was  succce'ded  by  Meigs. 

HUNTINGTON,  GixmcE,  died  at  Rome, N.  Y., 
Sejit.  23,  1812,  aged  71  ;  an  early  settler,  and  pa- 
triarch of  the  village.  There  was  but  one  house 
when  he  settled.  He  was  a  merchant,  a  man  of 
talents  and  integrity. 

HUNTINGTON,  Zaciuuiaii,  general,  died  at 
Norwich,  Comi.,  June  23,  1850,  aged  8C. 

HUNTINGTON,  JAiira  W.,  judge,  died  in 
Norwich  Nov.  1,  1847,  aged  59.  He  graduated 
at  Yale  in  1800,  and  was  a  member  of  congress 
fnmi  1829  to  1834.  He  was  a  judge  of  the  su- 
])erior  court  of  C,  and  a  senator  of  the  United 
States  in  1840  and  in  1845.  He  had  a  high  char- 
acter for  talents,  integritv,  and  patriotism. 

HUNTINGTON,  Jaiii^,  deacon,  died  in  Nor- 
wich Aug.  10,  1848,  aged  81.  The  son  of  Gen. 
Jedcdiaii  II.,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1784.  He 
was  j)resident  of  Norwich  bank,  and  connected 
with  it  for  fifty  years.  Jlrs.  Sarah  L.  Smith,  the 
missionary,  was  his  daughter.  His  widow,  Sarah 
Lanman  II.,  died  Feb.  19,  1850,  aged  84;  an  in- 
telligent Christian,  blind  in  her  last  vcars. 

HUNTINGTON,  Neiiemiait,  died  in  Peter- 
borough, N.  Y.,  in  1855,  aged  78.  His  father 
removed  from  Bozrah  to  Lebanon,  N.H.,  in  1780. 
He  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1804,  and  was  a 
sound  lawyer  and  rijje  scholar,  a  Christian,  and  an 
elder  in  the  church  ;  a  man  rich  in  good  deeds. 

IIUNTOON,  Joxatilvn,  governor  of  Maine, 
died  at  Fairfield  in  Oct.,  1851,  aged  70. 

HUNTTING,  JoxATiiAX,  died  at  Southold,  L.  L, 
Dec.  30,  1850,  aged  72.  A  graduate  of  Yale  in 
1804,  he  was  the  minister  of  Southold  twenty-one 
years,  and  after  his  dismission  in  1828  supplied 
various  ])ul])its. 

IIURD,  Carltox,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Fryeburg, 
Me.,  died  Dec.  6,  1855,  aged  nearly  60.  Born  at 
Newport,  N.  II.,  he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in 
1818.  He  was  settled  in  182!J,  and  was  an  able 
and  laborious  minister.  He  delivered  some  dis- 
courses on  the  Revelation,  in  the  last  of  which  he 
gave  notice  that  his  next  and  last  would  be  on 
"  the  great  white  throne."  The  cause  of  his  death 
was  a  cold,  taken  by  preaching  a  funeral  sermon 
near  the  open  door  of  a  private  house.  His  re- 
collections of  his  daughter  were  published,  with  a 
portrait  by  Sartain,  2d  edition,  1847.  Her 
name  was  Marion  Lyle  Ilurd. 

IIURD,  Is^uc,  minister  in  Exeter,  N.  H.,  died 
in  South  Reading  Oct.  4,  185C,  aged  70.  Born 
in  Charlestown,  he  graduated  ai  Harvard  in  1806, 
and  was  ordained  in  Lynn  Sept.  15,  1813,  being 
then  a  Unitarian ;  but,  becoming  a  Trinitarian,  he 
was  dismissed  in  1816,  and  the  next  year  was  in- 
stalled over  the  second  cluirch  in  Exeter,  where 


HURLBUT. 


IIUTCIIIXSON. 


459 


deeds. 
Maine, 

old.L.I., 
Yale  in 
vcnty-ono 
i  supplied 

Fryeburg, 
Born  at 
mouth  in 
an  able 
some  dis- 
which  he 
uld  be  on 
his  death 
al  sermon 
His  re- 
ed, with  a 
.      Her 

II.,  died 
0.  Born 
1  in  1806, 
113,  being 
itarian,  he 

r  was  in- 
er,  where 


he  continued  fill  his  decease.  He  was  a  diligent 
student,  a  good  scholar,  amiable,  excmi)lary,  and 
faithful. 

lirJU.nUT,  Jamks,  a  jihysicinn,  was  born  in 
Berlin,  Conn.,  in  1717,  but  lived  in  his  latter  years 
at  Wethcrsfichl,  where  he  died  .Vjiril  11,  17!)1, 
aged  77.  He  was  a  learned  and  skilful  ])hysi(.'ian. 
No  physician  was  better  acquainted  with  our  indi- 
geiions  materia  medica;  lie  emi)loyed  the  blood 
root,  geranium,  cornus,  trillium  ;  the  cornus  nor- 
vegica  in  strangury.  Although  he  was  the  greatest 
genius  in  the  medical  profession  in  Connecticut, 
he  was  hi  his  last  years  a  miserable  drunkard,  an 
enormous  cater  of  opium,  a  poor  dei)endent  on 
charity.  —  Thacher. 

HUKLBUT,  Mautin  LcniEn,  died  in  South- 
ampton in  1842,  aged  01.  He  graduated  at  AVil- 
liams  college  in  1804.  He  was  eminent  as  a  teach- 
er, and  lived  at  Charleston,  S.  C,  as  well  as  at  S. 
His  son,  William  Henry,  a  graduate  of  Harvard 
in  1847,  is  known  at  Cambridge  as  a  scholar;  he 
is  the  author  of  an  interesting  book  relating  to 
one  of  the  West  India  islands. 

HUTCHINS,  Thomas,  geographer-general  of 
the  United  States,  died  at  Pittsburgh  April  28, 
1789.  He  was  born  in  Monmouth  county.  New 
Jersey.  Before  he  was  sixteen  years  of  age  he 
went  to  the  western  country,  and  was  soon  ap- 
pointed ensign  in  the  army.  He  distinguished 
himself  at  fort  I'itt,  the  plan  of  which  he  laid 
out,  and  which  was  executed  by  him  under  Gen. 
Bouquet.  He  afterwards  li\cd  several  years  in 
Louisiana,  and  was  engaged  in  a  variety  of  bat- 
tles with  the  Indians  while  with  the  army  in  M'est 
I'lorida.  He  here  obtained  a  ca])tain's  commis- 
sion in  the  Brilish  army;  but,  being  much  at- 
tached to  America,  he  found  it  necessary  to  relin- 
quish it.  He  was  in  London  at  the  commencement 
of  the  war  in  177o,  and  his  zeal  in  the  cause  of 
his  country  induced  him  to  refuse  some  excellent 
offers  which  were  made  him  in  England.  Being 
sus])ected  in  1779  of  holding  a  corres])ondcncc 
with  Franklin,  then  in  France,  he  was  thrown 
into  a  dungeon,  and  lost  12,000  pounds  in  one 
day.  In  this  dark  and  loathsome  place  he  was 
kept  six  weeks.  He  was  then  examined  and  lib- 
erated. Alter  this  he  went  to  France  and  sailed 
thence  to  Charleston,  where  he  joined  the  army 
under  Gen.  Greene.  It  was  not  long  before  he 
was  apiiointed  geogropher-general  of  the  United 
States.  He  was  esteemed  and  beloved,  being  re- 
markable for  piety,  charity,  and  benevolence. 
Under  the  vicissitudes  of  lifj  he  was  patient  and 
resigned  to  the  Divine  will.  Dr.  ?.Iorsc  was  much 
indebted  to  him  in  the  comi)ilation  of  his  Amer- 
ican gazetteer.  He  published  an  account  of 
Bouquet's  exjiedition  against  the  Ohio  Indians  in 
17G4,  with  a  map  and  plates,  1705;  a  description 
of  Virginia,  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  North  Caro- 
lina, etc.,  with  maps,  London,  1778  j  and  a  his- 


torical narrative  and  topograjjliical  deseriptior  of 
Louisiana  and  West  Florida,  1784. 

HrTCHINSOX,  Ann,  an  artful  woman,  who 
occasioned  much  dillifulty  in  New  Fnghind  soon 
after  its  first  settlement,  came  from  Lincolnshire 
to  Boston  in  l(i3ti,  and  was  the  wife  of  Wni.  H., 
a  representative  of  Boston.  She  was  an  admirer 
of  Mr.  Cotton.  The  members  of  his  church  used 
to  meet  every  week  to  repeat  his  sermons,  and 
discourse  on  doctrines.  She  set  up  meetings  for 
women,  and  soon  had  a  numerous  audience.  Af- 
ter repeating  the  sermons  of  Mr.  Cotton  she 
added  reflections  of  her  own  ;  she  advocated  er- 
roneous sentiments,  and  wf.r])ed  the  discourses  of 
her  minister  to  coincide  with  her  own  opinions. 
She  asserted  that  believers  are  ])ersonally  united 
with  the  sj)irit  of  God ;  that  conimands  to  work 
out  salvation  belong  only  to  such  as  are  under  a 
covenant  of  works  ;  that  sanctification  is  not  suf- 
ficient evidence  of  a  good  state;  and  she  pre- 
tended to  immediate  revelation  resjiecting  future 
events.  She  soon  threw  the  whole  colony  into  a 
flame.  Tlxise  who  opi)osed  her  were  said  to  be 
in  favor  of  a  covenant  of  works,  and  those  who 
supported  her  were  said  to  be  vindicating  a  cove- 
nant of  grace.  The  progress  of  her  sentiments 
occasioned  the  synod  of  1C37,  the  first  synod  in 
America.  This  convention  of  ministers  con- 
demned eiglity-two  erroneous  ojjinions,  then  prop- 
agated in  the  country.  Mrs.  Hutchinson,  after 
this  sentence  of  her  opinions,  was  herself  called 
before  the  court  in  November  of  the  same  year, 
and,  being  convicted  of  traducing  the  ministers 
and  advancing  errors,  was  banished  the  colony. 
Her  trial  is  jjublishcd  in  the  appendix  of  the  sec- 
ond volume  of  Hutchinson.  She  discovers  art, 
spirit,  and  talents.  The  church  in  Boston  excom- 
municated her  for  many  evils  in  her  conversation 
as  well  as  for  corrujit  o])inions.  She  went  with 
her  husband  to  Kliodc  Island.  In  the  year  1642, 
after  her  husband's  death,  she  removed  into  the 
Dutch  country  I)eyond  New  Haven,  and  the  next 
year  she,  iici  son  Francis,  and  most  of  her  family 
of  sixtiF-n  persons  were  killed  by  the  Indians. — 
Hist.  isop.  VII.  10,  17;  IX.  28,  29;  Hutchinson, 
1.55-57,00,70-73;  jl/afirfja/i'a,  VII.  17-20;  Win- 
tJirop. 

HUTCHINSON,  Thomas,  died  in  Boston  Dec. 
3,  1739,  aged  04.  He  was  the  father  of  Gov.  II. 
He  was  long  a  member  of  the  council,  and  de- 
serves remembrance  for  his  good  deeds.  He  was 
a  worthy  member  of  the  church.  For  thirty 
years  or  more  he  gave  away  secretly  to  the  poor 
20  or  30  pounds  in  each  year,  at  a  season  in 
which  he  had  received  some  special  favor  in  God's 
providence.  He  gave  to  the  town  the  north  Latin 
school-house,  and  was  at  half  the  cxjiensc  of  the 
north  writing-school.  Mather  published  a  sermon 
on  his  death. 
HUTCHINSON,  Thomas,  governor  of  Massa- 


460 


HUTCHINSON. 


chusettR,  (lied  June  3,  17S0,  aged  G8.  A  de- 
Bccndiint  of  Mrs.  Ann  H.,  hu  was  the  son  of  Col. 
Thomas  H.,  a  disfiiiffnislicd  mciTliaiit  and  mem- 
ber of  the  council,  and  a  most  l)enevolent  and 
excellent  man,  who  died  in  1730.  He  was  born 
Sept.  0,  1711,  and  f,'riulimted  at  Harvard  college 
in  1727.  Heajiplied  himself  first  to  mercantile 
business,  but  without  success.  He  then  encased 
in  the  study  of  the  common  law  of  I'lngland,  and 
the  principles  of  the  Uritish  constitution,  with 
reference  to  his  eni])loyment  in  public  life.  For 
ten  years  he  was  n  rci)resentative,and  the  spealktr 
of  the  house  three  years.  In  1752  he  succeeded 
his  uncle  Edward,  a  judge  of  jjrobatc;  he  was  a 
member  of  the  council  from  1749  to  17C6,  and 
licut.-govemor  from  17jH  to  1771;  in  17G0  he 
was  appointed  chief  justice  after  the  death  of 
Judge  Scvall.  This  appointment  disjjleascd  the 
Otis  family,  the  father  having  hnd  the  i)romiso  of 
a  seat  on  the  bench.  At  one  time  he  held  the 
offices  of  councillor,  judge  of  probate,  chief  jus- 
tice, and  lieutenant-governor.  His  res])cct  to 
religious  institutions,  his  sym])athy  with  the  dis- 
tressed, his  affability,  his  integrity,  hidustry,  and 
talents,  jirocured  in  a  very  higli  degree  the  public 
confidence.  The  stamp  act  being  passed,  Andrew 
Oliver,  one  of  the  council,  and  brother-in-law  of 
Mr.  Hutchinson,  was  ap])ointed  distributor  of 
stamps.  The  law  was  to  go  into  effect  Nov.  1, 
1765.  A  few  months  bcfor6  that  time,  Jared  In- 
gersoU,  the  distributor  for  Connecticut,  arrived  in 
Boston  from  London.  When  he  lefl  town,  Mr. 
Oliver  accompanied  him  a  short  distance,  in  con- 
sequence of  which  he  was  hung  in  effigy  on  the 
great  tree  at  South  Boston,  and  a  mob  destroyed 
a  building  which  he  had  erected,  sui)posed  to  be 
designed  for  a  stamp  office,  and  also  destroyed 
the  furniture  of  his  house.  Mr.  Oliver  immedi- 
ately resigned  his  office.  In  the  evening  the  mob 
thanked  him,  and  made  a  bonfire  on  Fort  hill  near 
his  house.  The  next  evening  the  house  of  Mr. 
Hutchuison  was  attacked,  a  rcjjort  being  spread 
that  he  had  written  letters  in  favor  of  the  stamp 
act ;  but  the  chief  d.miage  was  the  breaking  of 
the  windows.  In  a  few  evenings  there  was  a  mo.'i. 
formidable  assault.  The  merchants  being  dis- 
pleased with  the  officers  of  the  customs  and  the 
admiralty,  a  mob  was  collected  in  the  evening  of 
Aug.  26th  in  King  street,  and  well  supplied  with 
strong  drink.  Having  first  jjlunderrd  the  cellar 
of  the  comptroller  of  the  customs  of  the  wine  and 
spirits,  the  rioters  proceeded  with  intoxicated  rage 
to  the  house  of  Mr.  Hutchinson,  and,  splitting 
the  doors  to  pieces  with  broad  axes,  they  de- 
stroyed or  cast  uito  the  street  everything  which 
was  in  the  house,  and  kept  possession  until  day- 
light. The  damage  was  estimated  at  2,500 
pounds,  besides  the  loss  of  a  great  collection 
of  public  and  private  papers.  He  received  a 
grant  for    liis  losses.      The  governor  was  that 


HUTCHINSON. 

night  at  the  castle.  Tlio  town  the  next  day 
voted  their  aiihorrence  of  the  riot ;  but  no  person 
was  ])unislicd  i  even  six  or  eight  ])ersons  who  were 
im])risoni'd  for  this  affair  were  released  by  a  com- 
pany, who,  by  threats,  obtained  the  keys  of  the 
prison  from  the  ])rison-keeper. 

The  political  controversy  continued  during  tho 
remainder  of  Bernard's  administration  from  1765 
to  1770;  and  Mr.  Hutchinson,  by  takhig  his  scat 
in  the  council  in  17(57  without  being  chosen,  and 
merely  in  consequence  of  his  office  of  licut.-gov- 
emor, excited  a  clamor  against  him.  He  charged 
it  upon  Mr.  Ilawley's  resentment  for  something 
which  had  occurred  in  the  court  of  common  law. 
But  the  claim  to  a  scat  was  voluntarily  aban- 
doned, though  Mr.  H.  thought,  that  the  early 
practice  sanctioned  the  claim.  In  a  few  days, 
however,  he  was  appointed  by  the  house  to  an 
important  post,  that  of  one  of  the  commissioners 
for  settling  the  boundary  with  New  York.  In 
1768  the  arrival  of  the  troops  at  Boston  increased 
the  poj)ular  excitement  against  the  licut.-govemor. 
At  the  request  of  the  governor  he  accomjianied 
the  sheriff  to  the  manufactory  house,  to  advise  the 
occupants  to  leave  it,  as  it  belonged  to  the  State  and 
W.1S  at  the  disj)osal  of  the  governor,  who  had  ap- 
])ropriated  it  for  the  use  of  the  troops ;  but  the 
occupants,  encouraged  by  "  the  first-rate  sons  of 
liberty,"  held  their  ground.  When  Gov.  Bernard 
left  the  j>rovince  in  176E),  the  administration  de- 
volved on  Mr.  Hutchinson,  the  lieut.-governor. 
In  the  next  year  the  Boston  massacre,  as  it  was 
called,  occurred,  and  niflamed  the  public  mind ; 
he  had  also  a  long  controversy  with  the  as- 
sembly, on  his  prorogumg  the  asscml)ly  to 
Cambridge,  by  order  of  the  king ;  the  council 
was  also  opposed  to  him.  At  this  period,  in  med- 
itating on  the  '■•♦lu'c,  he  concluded,  that  it  would 
be  prudent  i'  lO  remain  chief  justice,  and  to 

pass  his  da_  ,)eace  ;  and  lii:,  wishes  he  com- 

municated to  tiio  British  govcrimient.  In  the 
mean  time,  however,  his  commission  as  governor 
was  received  in  March,  1771,  Andrew  Oliver  being 
nominated  lieut.-governor,  and  Tho.  Flucker  sec- 
retary in  his  stead.  Unhappily  for  himself,  he 
accepted  the  appointment,  for  from  this  time  till 
his  deporture  for  England  in  1774,  he  was  in  con- 
stant dispute  with  the  assembly  and  council. 
Among  the  subjects  of  controversy  were  the  pro- 
vision made  for  his  support  by  the  crown,  which 
paid  him  a  salary  of  1500  pounds,  and  the  pro- 
vision made  in  the  same  way  for  the  judges.  By 
his  speech  Jan.  6,  1773,  asserting  the  supreme 
authority  of  parliament,  he  provoked  a  discussion 
bji  the  council  and  house,  which  it  would  have 
been  wiser  not  to  have  awakened.  Indeed,  the 
minister  recommended  to  him  not  to  renew  the 
discussion.  In  1772  Dr.  Franklin  procured  some 
confidential  letters  of  Gov.  II.,  and  others,  and 
sent  them  in  the  autumn  to  Samuel  Cooper,  with 


HinCHINSOX. 


HUTnnxsoN. 


401 


an  injunction,  thnt  thoy  Rhoiild  not  bo  eo])icd  nor 
putilislu'il.  Ml'.  Cooper  |mt  liicm  into  tlit  hands 
of  liic  diimivcr,  with  pi'miission  to  sjiow  them  to 
five  persons.  Tlius  they  were  ke])t  six  or  eif»lit 
months.  In  Jnne,  ITT.'J,  they  were  communicated 
to  tlie  le;jislnture  in  secret  Kcssion.  In  order  to 
obviate  the  difllculty  of  tlio  restriction  nn<l  to 
make  tliem  pnliHc,  Sir.  II.  says,  that  Mr.  Han- 
cock ))reseiited  to  the  house  co])ies  of  the  letters, 
wliich  some  one  in  the  street  had  jjiit  into  liis 
hands;  and  the  next  day,  in  consequence  of 
copies  being  abroad,  the  jicrson  to  whom  tiicy  were 
sent  pave  his  consent  to  the  ]niblication.  It  has 
been  recently  asserted,  that  Sir.  Williamson  o\>- 
tained  them  from  a  public  office ;  but  this  is 
probal)ly  n  mistake.  They  were  written  to 
Thomas  Whately,  a  member  of  jiarliamenf,  who 
at  the  time  was  out  of  office,  and  in  opposition  to 
the  ministry,  and  the  ministry  never  saw  them. 
In  the  letters  also  there  was  no  sentiment  but 
what  the  governor  had  ojjcnly  exj)ressed  in  his 
addresses  to  the  legislature.  The  council  indeed 
re[)roacIied  him  for  saying,  "  there  must  be  an 
abridgment  of  what  are  called  Knglish  liberties ;" 
but  this  was  no  more  than  what  had  been  said 
openly  in  his  s])oeeh  at  the  last  meeting,  —  the 
whole  paragraph  was, —  "  I  never  think  of  the  meas- 
ures necessary  for  the  peace  and  good  order  of  the 
colonics  without  pain ;  there  must  be  an  abridg- 
ment of  what  are  called  English  liberties  ;  I 
doubt  whether  it  is  possible  to  project  a  system  of 
government  in  which  a  colony,  three  thousand 
miles  distant,  shall  enjoy  all  the  liberty  of  the 
parent  state."  The  writers  of  the  other  letters 
were  Andre  /  Oliver,  Charles  Paxton,  Thomas 
MoiTatt,  Ilobert  Auchmuty,  Natlianiel  Kogers, 
and  George  Kome.  Gov.  II.  complained,  that  his 
letters  were  united  with  the  other  letters,  of  which 
he  knew  nothing,  and  that  he  was  made  rest)on- 
sible  for  all.  Franklin  remarked,  in  regard  to 
the  restriction  under  which  he  sent  the  letters, 
"  possibly,  as  distant  objects  seen  only  through  i 
mist  appear  larger,  the  same  may  happen  from 
the  mystery  in  this  case."  For  their  concern  in 
obtaining  these  letters.  Dr.  Franklin  and  Mr. 
Temple  were  removed  from  office.  Mr.  11. 
thought,  that  the  letters  had  been  in  the  jjosses- 
sion  of  a  member  of  parliament,  not  Mr.  Whately, 
and  by  him  given  to  Dr.  Franklin.  The  last  pub- 
lic difficulty  was  the  affair  of  the  tea.  A  part  of 
it  had  been  consigned  to  two  sons  of  the  gov- 
ernor, a  i)art  to  llichard  Clark  and  sons,  and  a 
part  to  IJenj.  Faneuil  and  Josh.  Winslow.  On 
the  arrival  of  the  first  ship  with  tea,  a  "  body 
meeting "  of  the  town  and  neighborhood  was 
called  at  old  south  church,  on  Tuesday,  Nov.  30th, 
and  it  was  resolved,  that  the  tea  should  be  sent 
back  s  Mr.  llotch,  the  owner,  being  required  not 
to  enter  the  tea,  and  Cajjt.  Hall,  the  master,  not 
to  land  it.    By  order  of  the  town  the  ship  was 


brought  from  below  the  castle  to  a  wharf,  and  a 
watch  of  twenty-five  men  was  appointed  for  secur- 
ing the  ship.  The  governor  sent  a  sheriff,  who 
read  a  ])roclamation  for  the  dispersion  of  the  jiuli- 
lic,  l)ut  a  general  liiss  followed,  and  it  was  unani- 
mously voted  to  proceed  in  defiance  of  the  gov- 
ernor, and  compel  the  owner  and  master  to 
engage  to  send  the  tea  back  in  the  same  vessel. 
When  two  other  vessels  arrived,  the  coininiltee  of 
safety  recpiired  them  to  bo  brought  to  the  same 
wharf.  There  was  a  difficulty  in  the  return  of  the 
ships,  for  no  clearance  coidd  lie  obtained  from  the 
custom-house,  and  no  ])ass  liy  the  castle  from  the 
goveriior.  As  there  were  several  men-of-war  in 
the  harbor,  an  attempt  to  get  to  sea  without  a 
])ass  would  be  inctlectiial.  It  was  ajiprehended, 
too,  that  the  collector  would  demand  the  duties, 
and  seize  the  shij)  and  goods,  in  the  jiroper  dis- 
charge of  his  office.  Another  "Imdy"  meeting 
was  therefore  summoned  Dec.  14,  177.'},  of  the 
])co])le  of  Boston  and  the  adjacent  towns,  who  en- 
joined the  owner  of  the  ship  to  apjjly  for  a  clear- 
ance and  a  pass,  which  were  refused.  When  the 
governor's  answer  was  returned  to  the  "body," 
they  dissolved  the  meeting  and  repaired  to  the 
wharf  as  a  guard  to  the  destroyers  of  the  tea. 
About  fifty  men,  covered  with  blankets  and  aj)- 
pearing  like  Indians,  had  i)veviously  marched  by 
the  old  south  church,  and  gone  on  board  the  ves- 
sel. On  the  arrival  of  the  "  l)ody,"  the  "  Indians" 
in  two  or  three  hours  hoisted  out  of  the  holds  of 
the  ship  three  hundred  and  forty-two  chests  of 
tea  and  emptied  them  info  the  sea.  The  gov- 
ernor was  much  blamed  in  England  for  not 
granting  a  ])ass ;  !)ut  he  could  not  have  done  it 
without  violating  his  oath,  as  the  laws  of  the  cus- 
tom-house had  not  been  observed.  Nor  could 
he  secure  the  tea  in  the  town  without  bringing 
the  regiment  fVom  the  castle,  or  by  murines  from 
the  men-of-war.  Tliis  would  have  brought  on  a 
contest.  In  fact,  the  sons  of  liberty  had  annihi- 
lated all  the  powers  of  government.  There  was 
not  a  judge,  justice  of  the  peace,  or  sheriff,  who 
could  venture  to  withstand  the  inflamed,  deter- 
mined peoi)lo.  Feb.  24,  1774,  he  informed  the 
legislature  by  message,  that  he  liad  obtained  his 
majesty's  leave  to  go  to  England,  and  that  he 
should  soon  avail  himself  of  it.  Gen.  Gage  ar- 
rived May  rUh,  but  Mr.  II.  was  assured  of  the 
king's  intenticn  to  reinstate  him,  when  Gen. 
Gage's  services  should  be  elsewhere  required,  and 
that  he  should  not  suilcr  by  the  loss  of  his  com- 
mission.    He  sailed  for  England  June  Ist. 

After  the  publication  of  the  letters  in  1773, 
the  council  and  house  voted  an  address  for  the 
removal  of  the  governor.  His  friend,  Israel 
Mauduit,  jictitioned  for  a  hearing  before  the  pri\'y 
council,  which  was  granted  Jan.  20,  1774,  Mr. 
Wedderburne  defending  the  governor,  and  Mr. 
Dunning  and  John  Lee  being  on  the  other  side. 


4C2 


IIUTCIIINSOX. 


HYDE. 


Tho  deciftion  was  in  fnvor  of  "  the  honor,  integ- 
rity, and  conduct"  of  the  j,'ovi'rnor,  and  was  ap- 
proved hy  till"  liitiff.     In  MaKsachnsells  Jonalhnn 
Kuwull  alily  dclcndcd  iiini  under  the  si^fnature  of 
Philalethes.     After  his  arrival  in  lMif,'laiid,  the 
un|iroN{)crou.s  state  of  affairs  in  America  de])rived 
him  of  the  oHices  and  rewards  lie  may  have  ex- 
pected, though  he  received  a  iiension.     lie  lived 
at  Urompton,  near  J-ondon.      Tlie  death  of  his 
youngest  son,  AVillinni,  in  l''el).,  1  "SO,  most  dccjily 
afflicted  him  ;  and  he  himself  died  in  June,  and  was 
buried  at  Croydon.     His   son,  'I'liomns,  died  'q\ 
England  in   INll,  aged  71,  and  Klisha,  hi  1824, 
aged  80.     His  brother,  Foster  H.,  was  a  judge 
of  the   supreme  court.     Mr.   Hutchinson  was  a 
man  of  a  good  character,  of  unwearied  Industry, 
and  of  respectable  talents.    But  it  was  his  fortune 
to  live  at  a  Jtevolutionary  period,  and  in  the  very 
focus  of  the  popular  excitement.      His  ])olItical 
A-iews  he  candidly  and  manfully  exj)lained  to  the 
legislature  in  many  speeches  and  messages,  which 
display  his  learning,  tcmjjer,  and  abilities.     If  any 
man  deserved  the  gratitude  of  the  ]iritish  admin- 
istration, it  was  he.     Though  a  baronetcy  was 
offered,  which  he  declined  lor  j)rivate  reasons , 
yet  was  he  treated  with  neglect.    Had  the  "  rebel- 
lion "  been  put  down  the  first  year,  he  would  have 
been  deemed  worthy  of  the  highest  honors,  so 
much  does  the  estimation  of  men  depend  on  suc- 
cess.    Massachusetts,  amidst  all  tho  vituperations 
against  him  for  encouraging  the  ministers  in  their 
measures  to  kcej)  the  colonies  in  a  state  of  de- 
pendence, has  one  cause  to  remember  him  with 
gratitude,  for  when  the  commissioners,  lirattle, 
Hawlcy,  and  Hancock,  met  those  of  New  York 
at  Hartford,  May  12, 1773, it  was  his  advice  only, 
which  prevented  them  from  abandoning  the  claim 
of  Mass.  to  the  western  territory  of  New  York, 
which  was  retained  and  sold  for  a  large  sum.    He 
deserves  great  honor  also  for  his  labors  in  regard 
to  the  history  of  Massachusetts.     He  jjublished 
a  brief  state  of  the  claim  of  the  colonies,  etc., 
17G4  ;  the  history  of  the  colony  of  Massachusetts 
Bay,  from  the  first  settlement  thereof  in   1628 
until  the  year  1750,  in  2  vols.,  8vo.,  the  first  in 
17G0,  and  the  second  in  1707 ;  and  a  collection 
of  original  papers  relative  to  the  history  of  the 
colony  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  8vo.,  17G9.     Those 
works  are  held  in  high  estimation  by  those  who 
are  searching  into  the  history  of  our  country. 
His  grandson.  Rev.  John  II.,  of  Trcntham,  Eng., 
publislied  from  his  manuscrijjts  a  third  \oiMme  of 
the  history  of  Massachusetts,  from  1749  to  1774, 
8vo.,  London,  1828.     There  was  ])romised  many 
years  ago  a  biography  of  Gov.  II.  by  the  same 
descendant. —  Warren;  Gordon;  Minot;  Ilutch- 
inaoii'n  [list. 

HUTCHINSON,  James,  M.  1).,  professor  of 
materia  medica  and  chemistry  in  the  university  of 
Pennsylvania,  died  at  I'hiladelphia  of  the  yellow 


fever  Sept.  0,  1793,  nged  .ll.  One  of  his  sonii 
was  consul  at  I.islion.  —  Tli<i<lifr. 

Hl'TCIIIXSOX,  IsuAir,,  colonel,  an  ofileer  in 
the  Uovoliitionary  war,  died  at  J )anvers,  Mass., 
in  lHlI,aged  H4. 

HlTClilNSON,  Aauon,  the  minister  of  Graf- 
ton, Mass.,  died  in  INOO,  aged  70.  liorn  in  He- 
bron, Conn.,  ho  graduated  at  Yale  in  1717,  and 
was  settled  in  17o0,  and  resigned  in  1772,  and 
was  succeeded  by  I).  Grosvcnor.  In  177o  he 
engaged  to  preach  for  five  years  in  the  towns  of 
I'omfret,  ^Voodstock,  and  Hartford,  Vt.  In  1770 
he  removed  his  family  of  ten  children  to  Ver- 
mont, having  a  farm  in  I'omfret,  jjrcaching  in  the 
vicinity  till  his  death.  He  had  memory  and  a 
strong  mind,  but  was  unpolished  and  eccentric. 
In  his  whole  life  he  was  jireventcd  from  ])reach- 
ing  by  ill  ht^alth  only  two  Sabbaths.  He  pub- 
lished at  Grafton  a  sermon  on  valor  for  the  truth. 
Dr.  Tucker  repHed  to  the  sermon.  When  some 
of  his  ])cople  found  him  digging  at  the  bottom 
of  a  well,  "  lleally,"  said  Dr.  Tucker,  "  that  was 
Veritas  in  puteo."  He  jjublishcd  also  a  reply  to 
Tucker,  1708 ;  a  sermon  after  the  execution  of 
Arthur;  two  sermons  as  he  left  his  peoi)lo,  1772  ; 
a  sermon,  1772;  at  I'clham,  1773.  —  Bprague^s 
Annals. 

HUTCHINSON,  A.U10N,  died  in  1843,  aged 
ujjwards  of  90.  The  son  of  llcv.  Aaron  H.  of 
Grafton,  Mass.,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1770. 
He  was  a  lawyer  in  Grafton,  N.  II.,  ond  in  Leba- 
non, N.  11.,  where  he  died.  His  son,  Henry,  a 
lawyer  at  Hanover,  N.  IL,  and  at  N.  Y.,  married 
Mary,  a  daughter  of  Professor  Woodward. 

HUTCHINSON,  Axi)i:usox,  chief  justice  of 
Texas,  died  at  Jackson,  Miss.,  Dec.  31,  18j2.  He 
was  the  author  of  a  code,  and  manual  of  forms, 

HYDE,  A1.VAX,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Lee,  Mass., 
died  suddenly  Dec.  4,  1833,  aged  05.  Born  in 
Franklin,  Conn.,  the  son  of  Joseph,  he  graduated 
at  Dartmouth  in  1788,  and  was  settled  June  6, 
1792.  He  was  highly  respected  as  a  pious,  faith- 
ful, and  successful  minister,  and  as  a  teacher  of 
young  men  destined  for  tho  ministry.  His  suc- 
cessor from  1834  to  1838  was  J.  N.  Danforth. 
His  brethren  in  Berkshire  were  Judson,  West, 
Catlin,  Shepard,  Allen,  and  Collins.  His  son, 
Alvan,  a  graduate  of  Williams  in  1815,  was  set- 
fled  as  a  mhiister  at  Madison,  Ohio,  and  died  in 
1824,  at  Leo,  aged  30.  A  memoir  of  Dr.  Hyde 
was  published  hi  1S34.  lie  published  the  follow- 
ing sermons  :  at  thanksgiving,  1790 ;  on  the  death 
of  Mrs.  West  and  II.  W.  Dwight,  1804;  of  Mrs. 
Bassett,  of  Mrs.  Benton ;  of  llev.  1).  Perry,  1817  ; 
of  Madam  I).  Williams,  1833 ;  on  the  conjugal 
relation,  1815 ;  at  the  ordination  of  A.  Clark, 
1807;  of  A.  Hyde,  Jr.,  1819;  tho  power  of  Christ 
in  the  salvation  of  believers,  1810 ;  on  the  land- 
ing at  Plymouth,  1820;  on  tem]:eranee,  1829; 
sketches  of  the  life  of  Kev.  Dr.  West,  1819; 


S'- 


IIYDK. 


IXMAN. 


468 


slice  of 
2.  lie 
forms. 
Mass., 

Dorn  in 

actuated 
une  6, 
,  faith- 
licr  of 
is  suc- 

infnrth. 
West, 
»  son, 
as  set- 
died  in 
Hyde 
foUow- 
le  death 
of  Mrs. 
,  1817 ; 
onjugal 
Clark, 
f  Christ 
land- 
1829; 
1819; 


an  rssny  on  the  state  of  iiifants.lS.IO.  —  Siiragiie'ii ' 
Aiiii'il.'). 

UYl)!',  Nancy  M.\iiiA,dicd  at  Xnrwicli.Conn., 
March  -(),  ISKI,  n^jctl  21.  She  was  tlic  daii^jhler 
(if  I'.iisha  llych',  wlio  died  in  IHIJJ.  For  a  few 
viv'.rs  shi'  ^^■as  u  teacher  of  yoiiiif,'  ladies,  well 
(|iiallli''d,  skiilul  in  paintiiif^  and  enihrnich'ry.  Her 
wrilln^fs,  uilh  a  siietcli  of  lic^r  Hie  l)y  her  friend 
and  iiei^iihiir,  Mi.--s  1 1  untk-y,  afterwards  Mrs.  .Sl;{- 
onrriey,  were  |>ul)lisiied  in  l.SKJ. 

11,1.SJ,I;Y,  Isaac,  eolleetor  of  the  port  of  Port- 
land, .Me.,  appointed  by  Jelfer.son,  died  Oct,  17, 
\H.y.i,  a},'ed  HS. 

I.MLAY,  (ji:<)UCii;,  |>ul)lislied  n  t<)i)o<;raphical 
descrijition  of  tlie  western  territory  of  North 
America,  Kvo.,  London,  1792 ;  the  same,  with  a 
Hiipplement  hy  J.  I'ilson,  2  vols,.  New  York, 
171W. 

IXCl'i,  Jonathan,  a  distinj^uished  mathemati- 
cian, died  in  1().>7.  He  {graduated  at  Harvard  in 
lO.JO,  in  the  class  of  President  Hoar, 

IXCiAI.LS,  M'li.i.iAM,  M.  ]).,  professor  of  anat- 
omy in  Hrown  university,  died  at  AVrentham, 
Sept.  8,  liS.jl,  a^ed  H2.  Born  in  Nowhuryport, 
the  son  of  William,  his  earher  ancestor,  Isdmund 
of  Lynn,  came  from  Lincolnshire  in  1020.  He 
was  a  graduate  of  Harvard  in  1790;  the  only  sur- 
viv(n-  of  liis  class  is  Josiah  Qnincy.  He  was  long 
an  eminent  ])hysician  in  IJoston. 

INGl'Ji.SOLL,  Jox.vni.xN,  minister  of  Ridge- 
fic'ld,  Conn.,  died  in  1778,  aged  ahout  C2.  He 
was  graduated  at  Y'ale  in  1730.  He  published 
election  sermon,  17()1. 

1XGJ:1{S0LL,  J.uiKU,  a  judfireof  the  admiralty 
court,  died  in  New  Haven  in  Aug.,  1781,  aged 
about  00.  He  was  born  in  Milford,  Conn.,  in 
171^2;  was  graduated  at  Y'ule  college  in  1742; 
settled  at  New  Haven  as  a  lawyer,  and  was  agent 
of  the  colony  in  Kngland  in  1707;  but  being  ap- 
pointed distrilmtor  of  the  stamps  in  Connecticut, 
under  the  stamp  act,  he  lost  his  popularity.  The 
people  of  New  Haven  compelled  him  to  resign 
Aug.  24,  170i5.  Not  deeming  this  resignation 
explicit,  a  large  company  from  the  eastern  part 
of  Connecticut  set  out  on  a  journey  to  New  Ha- 
ven. They  met  Mr.  L  at  Wethersfield,  wlicn  they 
coinjjclled  him  to  resign  and  cry  out,  three  times, 
lAhei-ty  and  Properli/.  The  next  day  five  hun- 
dred men  escorted  him  to  Hartford.  On  being 
ttjjpointed  admiralty  judge  for  the  middle  district, 
about  the  year  1780,  he  removed  to  Philadelphia ; 
but  in  consequence  of  the  llcvolution  he  returned 
to  New  Haven. 

IXGERSOLL,  Samuei,  B.,  minister  of  Shrews- 
bury, Mass.,  died  in  1820.  He  succeeded  Hr. 
Sumner.  He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1817,  and  in 
three  years  died  in  the  year  of  his  settlement. 
His  sermon  at  Shrewsbury  June  18,  1820,  was 
published,  with  a  memoir. 

IXGERSOLL,  Jaked,  LL.  D.,  judge  of  the 


district  court  of  Philadelphia,  the  son  of  Jud^e 
Jared,  died  Oct.  ;JI,  1N22,  aged  ~,:i.  He  was 
graduated  at  Yale  ecdlege  in  1700,  and  attained 
a  high  rank  as  a  lawyer  in  I'liiladelphia.  lie  was 
also  a  nuMnber  of  congress,  and  of  the  convention 
which  framed  the  constitution  of  the  I'nited  States, 
The  otiice  of  attorney-general  of  Pennsylvania  ho 
resigned  in  1810.  .\t  the  time  of  his  death  ho 
was  judge.  In  1812  he  was  the  Federal  candi- 
date for  the  oflice  of  vice-president  of  the  United 
States. 

IXGERSOLL,  JoN.VTiiAN,  LL.  I).,  judge,  and 
lieut.-governor  of  Connecticut,  died  Jan.  12, 1843, 
aged  70.  He  was  born  in  Ridgef'dd,  the  son  of 
Rev.  Jonathan  I.,  and  was  graduateu  <.t  Yale  in 
1700.  He  settled  at  Xew  Haven  and  became  emi- 
nent in  the  profession  of  the  law.  I  )uring  the  last 
thirty  years  of  his  life  he  was  in  many  unsought 
jjublic  employments,  and  in  all  enjoyed  the  i)er- 
fect  confidence  of  his  fellow  citizens.  He  was  a|)- 
pointed  judge  in  1798,  but  resigned  in  1801,  and 
was  chosen  lieut.-governor  in  1810.  He  left  a 
wife  and  seven  children.  His  daughter,  Grace, 
married  to  Peter  Grellet,  died  in  Paris,  1810. 
He  was  a  patriot,  statesman,  and  incorru])tible 
judge.  Of  the  episcojml  church  he  was  from 
early  life  a  member ;  his  life  evinced  his  benevo- 
lence and  jjiety ;  he  was  eminently  a  man  of 
jjrayer.  He  lived  and  died  without  reproach ; 
yet  at  death  he  had  no  jjroud  confidence ;  liis  re- 
liance was  on  the  mercy  of  the  Redeemer. 

IXGERSOLL,  Jamks,  died  in  Boston  1851,  be- 
queathing to  various  societies  2(),()00  dollars. 

INGLES,  John,  colonel,  a  brave  oflicer  dur- 
ing the  Revolutionary  war,  died  near  Raleigh, 
X.  C,  Oct.  10,  1810,  aged  77.  He  was  an  emi- 
grant Scotchman,  and  was  commended  by  Steuben 
as  one  of  the  best  of  discijilinarians. 

IXGLIS,  CiiAULKS,  1).  I).,  bishop  of  Nova 
Scotia,  died  in  Febniaryor  March,  1810,  aged  82. 
He  was  rector  of  Trinity  church,  New  York,  in 
1777,  and  for  .some  years;  but  he  fled  os  a  tory, 
and  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Provoost.  His  son, 
John,  was  made  bisho])  in  1825 ;  and  died  in  Lon- 
don hi  Nov.,  1850.  He  published  an  answer  to 
Paine's  Common  Sense,  in  Feb.,  1770,  which 
made  him  obno.xious  to  the  patriots.  —  Observer, 
Jan.  10, 1851. 

INGLIS,  James,  I).  D.,  minister  of  Baltimore, 
and  an  eloquent  preacher,  died  Aug.  15,  1820. 
A  volume  of  his  sermons  was  soon  afterward 
published. 

INGRAM,  David,  wrote  travels  in  America  in 
1582  ;  pubhshed  in  Ilakluyt. 

INMAN,  RiciiAUi),  died  in  Wilkesbarre,  Penn., 
in  1831,  aged  77.  He  lost  four  brothers  in  In- 
dian battles  and  skirmishing  in  1778.  lie  left  a 
large  family  of  children,  who  removed  still  farther 
west. 
INMAN,  Henry,  died  at  New  York  Jan.  17, 


464 


IN.MAX. 


IVES. 


M 


ISIO,  np;c(l  44,  n  (liKtinKtiiftlicd  pnintcr,  nnd  presi- 
dent of  the  Xntioniil  nciulcniy  "f  the  nrts  of  dc- 
■i}{n.  lie  was  born  in  Ulion,  nnd  Rtiidicd  under 
JarviH.  lie  was  cliicfly  Kkiiled  in  ])ortrait  ])nint- 
ing,  workin;^  rapidly,  and  liuvinj^  a  peculiar  free- 
dom and  grace  of  ])encil.  He  \Ynf<  an  artist  of 
fine  jiowerH,  producing  deliglitful  picturcH. 

IN.MAX,  John,  died  in  New  York  March  30, 
1850,  aged  40.  lie  wnn  a  brother  of  Henry  In- 
mnn,  a  native  of  Utica,  nnd  educated  for  the  law, 
but  Hpent  his  life  in  literary  and  editorial  lahors. 
On  his  return  from  I'^urojie,  he  was  connected 
with  the  Standard  nnd  the  New  York  Mirror,  and 
with  tlie  Commercial  Advertiser,  of  which  he  be- 
came chief  editor  on  the  death  of  Col.  Stone. 
For  some  years  ho  edited  the  Columbian  maga- 
dnc. 

IREDELL,  James,  judge,  was  appointed  a 
judge  in  North  Carolina  in  1777,  nnd  in  1790,  a 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States. 
lie  died  in  Edcnton  in  October,  1709.  James  I., 
probably  his  son,  was  governor  in  1827. 

IREDELL,  Jamks,  governor  of  North  Caro- 
lina in  1827,  died  in  18o'<i,  aged  05.  He  was  also 
judge  of  the  superior  court,  and  a  senator  of  the 
United  States  from  1828  to  1831. 

IRVIN,  C-VLLF3JDER,  general,  died  at  Philadel- 
phia in  1841.  He  was  commissary-general  of 
supplies,  and  president  of  the  Cincinnati,  much 
respected. 

IllVINE,  William,  mojor-gcneral,  died  July 
30,  1804,  aged  G3.  He  was  born  in  Ireland. 
Educated  for  the  medical  profession,  he  served  as 
a  surgeon  on  board  of  a  British  ship  in  the  war 
which  began  in  1754,  nnd  after  the  peace  of  1763 
settled  at  Carlisle,  Penn.  In  1774  ho  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  state  convention.  In  1776  he  served 
in  Canada,  and  accompanied  Col.  Thompson,  who 
was  dispatched  by  Gen.  Sullivan  from  Sorelle  to 
dislodge  the  enemy  from  Trois  lliviires ;  but  was 
taken  prisoner  June  16lh,  and  remained  as  such 
at  Quebec  nearly  two  years,  until  he  was  ex- 
changed in  April,  1778.  On  liis  release  he  was 
promoted  to  the  command  of  the  second  Penn- 
sylvania regiment.  In  1781  the  defence  of  the 
northwestern  frontier,  threatened  by  the  British 
and  Indians,  was  intrusted  to  him.  After  the 
war  he  was  elected  a  member  of  congress.  Dur- 
ing the  whiskey  insurrection  of  1794  he  was  a 
commissioner  to  the  insurgents  on  the  part  of  the 
State,  and,  his  jicuccful  mission  having  failed,  he 
was  more  successful  at  the  head  of  the  militia, 
llemoving  about  this  time  from  Carlisle  to  Phila- 
delphia, hp  was  ajjpointed  inteudant  of  military 
stores. 

IRVINE,  James,  general,  a  Revolutionary  offi- 
cer, died   at  Philadeli)hia,  April,  1819,  aged  84. 
He  was  a  colonel  in  1776;  in  1782  a  major-gen- 
eral in  Pennsylvania. 
IRVING,  Shibley,  a  physician  of  Portland, 


Me.,  died  in  Boston  in  July,  1813,  aged  64.  Ho 
was  the  son  of  John  Ining  nnd  the  grnndnon  of 
Gov.  W.  Shirley.  He  entered  Harvard  college 
in  1773,  but  the  wnr  interrupted  his  studies.  For 
many  years  he  was  a  liighly  esteemed  ]>hysician 
in  Portlaiul.  In  his  last  years  he  suffered  from  an 
nifeetion  of  the  lungs,  nnd  was  induced  to  return 
to  Boston.  He  was  of  on  equable  temper,  of  un- 
bending integrity,  affable  and  benevolent,  as  well 
as  learned  without  pedantry. — I)r.  S.  W.  Wil- 
liamn'  Med.  Biog, 

IRVING,  William,  a  literary  merchant,  was  a 
member  of  congress  from  New  York  city  from 
1812  to  1818,  nnd  one  of  the  committee  of  com- 
merce nnd  mnnufnctures.  lie  died  Nov.  9,  1821. 
He  was  the  brother  of  Woshington  Irving,  of 
whose  "  Salmagundi "  he  wrote  some  papers. 

IRVING,  Matthew,  a  jdiysicinn,  died  at 
Charleston,  8.  C,  in  Sept.,  1827.  He  was  a  dis- 
tinguished ])hysician  and  scholar,  and  a  patriot  of 
the  Revolution. 

IRWIN,  Jared,  general,  governor  of  Georgia, 
wns  a  solilier  of  the  Revolution.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  convention  which  ado])ted  the  con- 
stitution in  1789}  was  governor  from  1796  to 
1798,  and  also  from  1806  to  1809,  when  he  was 
succeeded  by  Mitchell  j  and  died  March  1,  1818, 
aged  68. 

ISHAM,  Jiiuii,  general,  died  at  New  London, 
Conn.,  in  1842,  aged  54.  Bora  in  Colchester,  he 
graduated  at  Ynle  in  1707;  was  a  Inwyer  nt  New 
London,  much  respected,  state's  attorney,  mayor, 
and  judge  of  probate ;  also  mojor-general  of  the 
militia  in  the  war  of  1812.  His  three  wives  were 
Lucretia,  daughter  of  Ur.  L.  Hubbard  of  New 
Haven,  Lucretia  Starr,  and  Elizabeth  C.  Trott  of 
New  London.     He  left  twelve  children, 

IVES,  Lem,  M.  D.,  a  jAysician,  was  bom  in 
1750,  and  died  at  New  Haven,  Conn.,  Oct.  17, 
1826,  aged  76.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  New  Haven  medical  society,  and  one  of  the 
conductors  of  the  "Cases  nnd  Observations,"  a 
medical  journal  at  New  Haven,  the  first  in  this 
country.  With  professional  skill,  he  acquired 
only  a  competence.  AVhile  he  regarded  the 
temjiornl  weliarc  of  his  patients,  he  had  a  deeper 
solicitude  for  their  si)iritual  interests. 

IVES,  Jesse,  minister  of  Norfolk,  Conn.,  died 
in  1805,  ngcd  about  09.  He  graduated  at  Yale 
in  1758,  in  the  class  of  Dr.  Hopkins. 

IVES,  Reuben,  Ejiiscopal  minister,  died  in 
Cheshire,  Conn.,  Oct.  14,  1836,  aged  75.  He 
was  a  graduate  of  Yale  in  1786. 

IVES,  Ansel  W.,  a  physician,  died  in  New 
York  Feb.  2, 1838,  aged  50.  Born  in  Woodburj-, 
Conn.,  a  farmer's  son,  he  was  accustomed  as  he 
went  to  his  toils  in  the  field  to  carry  a  book  in  his 
pocket;  then  he  taught  school;  then  studied 
physic  with  Dr.  North  of  New  London,  Dr. 
White  of  Fislikill,  and  Dr.  Motl  of  New  York, 


IZARD. 


JACKSON. 


4G6 


A*  n  phyitician  hiit  practice  continually  increased. 
In  1827  he  huciime  a  member  of  the  l'renl)yterinn 
church.  He  wrote  for  the  medical  journals.  llin 
pa])cr  on  the  humulus  lupuluH  ^.tincd  him  reputa- 
tion, lie  republished  with  notcH  I'arin'  pharmn- 
cologin?,  and  Hamilton  on  mercurial  remedies ; 
and  on  the  influenza  of  1815.  —  Williams'  Med. 
Linif. 

IZARD,  Ralph,  a  senator  of  the  United 
States  from  South  Carolina,  fro;n  1780  to  1795, 
was  a  distinguished  and  eloquent  statesman.  In 
the  judgment  of  Washington,  no  man  was  more 
honest  in  public  life.  There  was  an  enthusiasm 
in  his  political  sentiments ;  but  his  j)atriotic  mo- 
tives were  unquestionable.  In  the  senate  he  had 
the  confidence  of  all  parties,  lie  died  at  South 
Bay,  May  30, 1804,  aged  00.  His  wife  was  Alice, 
daughter  of  I'eter  Delanccy  of  New  York. 

IZARD,  Gkouoe,  general,  governor  of  the 
Arkansas  territory  from  1825  to  1828,  died  at 
Little  Rock,  in  consequence  of  the  gout,  Nov.  22, 
1828.  He  was  a  native  of  South  Carolina.  After 
a  classical  education  and  travelling  in  I'lurope  be 
entered  the  army  as  a  cajitoin  of  artillery  and 
rose  to  the  rank  of  major-gcnerol.  At  one  j)eriod 
of  the  late  war  he  commanded  the  division  on  the 
northwestern  frontier.  After  the  war  he  resided 
near  I'hiladelphia  till  he  was  appointed  successor 
of  Gov.  Miller.  In  his  office  of  governor  he  was 
faithful  and  had  the  confidence  of  the  people. 

JACKMAN,  Abel,  colonel,  died  in  1820,  in 
Corinth,  Me.,  aged  58.  In  assisting  to  hive  a 
swarm  of  bees  he  was  so  stung  as  to  die  in  ten 
minutes.    Who  is  secure  against  death? 

JACKSON,  EmvARU,  died  at  Newton,  Mass., 
in  1681,  aged  78.  He  came  from  England  in 
1645.  To  Harvard  college  he  gave  four  hundred 
acres  of  land  in  Biilcrica  and  other  proi)erty. 
His  descendants  were  numerous :  one  of  liis 
daughters  married  Rev.  N.  Ilobart. 

JACKSON,  JosKi'li,  minister  of  Brooklinc, 
Mass.,  died  July  22,  1796,  aged  61,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  John  Pierce.  Born  in  Boston,  he  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  in  1753;  was  a  tutor  some 
years;  and  was  ordained  April  9,  1760.  He  was 
an  excellent  and  accejjtable  preacher;  but  through 
his  modesty  we  cannot  judge  of  his  merit  from  his 
writings,  for  he  never  would  consent  to  publish  a 
sermon,  although  he  was  often  requested. 

JACKSON,  JoNATiL\N,  diedm  IJoston  in  1810, 
aged  67.  He  was  the  son  of  Edward,  a  mer- 
chant, who  graduated  in  1726,  and  died  in  1757, 
whose  only  sister  married  Judge  Wendell.  Mr.  J. 
was  groduated  at  Harvard  in  1761,  and  was  after- 
wards treasurer  of  the  college  and  of  the  State. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  provincial  congress,  and 
of  congress  in  1781 ;  the  first  marshal  of  Ma-ssa- 
chusetts  district,  and  inspector  of  excise.  His 
sons.  Judge  Charles  and  Dr.  James,  were  men  of 
eminence.  Taking  an  early  part  in  the  American 
6S 


struggle  for  freedom,  and  bring  the  owner  of  a 
slave,  named  I'omp,  he  felt  the  otiligation  of  sot- 
ting him  free.  He  therclbre  liberated  him  by  B 
noble  document,  recorded  in  the  Suffolk  |irol)ate 
office,  and  dated  two  weeks  before  the  Declara- 
ti<m  of  Independence,  saying :  "I,  Jonathan  Jack- 
son of  Newburyjiort,  in  consideration  of  the  im- 
pro])riety  I  feel  and  have  long  felt  in  holding  any 
])erson  inconstant  bondage,  more  especially  at  tho 
time  when  my  country  is  so  warmly  contending 
for  the  liberty  every  man  ought  to  enjoy,"  and 
then  declares,  tluit  he  has  given  freedom  to  his 
"  negro  man  I'oni])."  This  man  lived,  served  in 
the  cause  of  frcedoui  during  the  war,  and  died  in 
Andover,  near  I'omp's  jiond,  in  1822,  age<l  alwut 
94.  Washington  had  the  same  feelings  with 
Jackson,  and  ordered  his  slaves  to  be  hberated  on 
the  death  of  bis  wife,  as  there  were  obstacles  to 
their  earlier  liberation.  —  />'.  Juchaon'a  Hint,  of 
Newton. 

JACKSON,  Hall,  M.  D.,  a  physician,  died 
Sept.  28,  1797,  in  consequence  of  being  overset 
in  his  gig  while  riding  to  visit  a  patient.  He  was 
the  son  of  Dr.  Clement  Jaeks(m  of  Portsmouth, 
N.  H.,wlu)  died  Oct.  10,  1788,  aged  82.  After 
studying  with  his  fothcr,  he  attended  the  medical 
lectures  in  London  during  three  years.  On  hia 
return  he  settled  in  his  native  town,  where  he  was 
eminent  not  only  as  a  jihysician,  but  jiarticulorly 
as  a  surgeon.  He  frequently  performed  the  op- 
eration of  couching  the  eye.  His  habits  were 
social,  and  he  was  a  w  clcomc  guest  in  every  circle. 
The  culture  of  the  foxglove  in  New  England  was 
uitroduccd  by  him.  He  jiublished  a  tract  on  tho 
malignant  sore  throat  wliich  prevailed  from  1784 
to  1780.  —  Tliachcr. 

JACKSON,  Jami:s,  governor  of  Georgia,  died 
at  Washington  March  18,  1800,  aged  48.  Ho 
was  a  native  of  luigland  and  came  to  this  coun- 
try at  the  age  of  fourteen  in  1772.  I'^arly  in  the 
war  he  join"d  the  army;  in  1778  lie  was  chosen 
brigadie-  ;r>njor;  in  1781  he  commanded  tho 
legionar)  (ips  of  the  State.  When  the  British 
evacuated  !:  ivannah,  July  12,  1782,  he  received 
the  keys.  For  his  various  services  the  assembly 
of  the  State  presented  him  with  a  house  and  lot 
in  Savannah.  On  the  return  of  peace  he  engaged 
with  success  in  the  jjractice  of  the  law.  In  1789 
he  was  chosen  a  member  of  congress,  and  soon 
aftcrwm'ds  a  senator,  which  office  he  resigned  in 
1795.  He  was  major-general  of  the  militia;  and 
governor  from  1798,  till  his  election  as  senator  in 
the  place  of  Gen.  Gunn  in  1801.  His  brother, 
Gen.  Abraham  J.,  died  in  Georgia  Jan.,  1810. 
Gov.  Jackson  had  not  strength  of  moral  and 
religious  principle  to  restrain  him  from  duelling. 
He  was  an  honorable  murderer.  In  1780  he 
killed  Lieut.  Gov.  Wells  in  a  duel,  and  was  him- 
self severely  wounded  in  both  knees.  In  conse- 
quence of  a  political  controversy  he  fought  a 


466 


JACKSON. 


duel  with  Col.  R.  WatkiiiR  in  June,  1M)2,  and  vim 
wounded  in  the  lii|).  Five  hIioIh  were  exclmtiffcd. 
In  May,  INOli,  lie  rnin))luiricd  that  he  hiid  l>cfn 
cruelly  treated  hy  (leorgin,  and  that  rejuiiilicH  nro 
always  ungratcftd;  he  thought  the  eai)ital  of 
Wayne  county  ought  to  he  eullfd  JuckKoiiville  in 
honor  of  himself. 

JACKSON,  Li:vi,  died  at  Chenferneld,  N.  II., 
in  1821,  n^ed  19.  He  graduated  ut  Dartmouth 
in  1799,  and  was  six  yearn  i)recei)tor  of  the  acad- 
emy in  CheNterfleld,  hi.s  native  town ;  nfterwardM 
much  in  public  Kervite.  , 

JACKSON,  Jamks,  Jr.,  M.  1).,  died  in  Uonton 
March  27,  1831,  a;;cd  only  21.  He  ffruduated  at 
Harvard  at  the  oge  of  eighteen  j  studied  medicine 
with  liis  father,  the  eminent  phyNician,  who  Htill 
lives;  was  in  I'liriH  and  Great  Uritain  from  IS.'Jl 
to  1833,  when  he  returned,  ready  for  practice. 
He  took  rooms  and  sent  out  an  advertiKcment ; 
but  he  did  not  enter  them,  for  in  the  same  month  he 
died.  His  afflicted  fother  publiNhed  a  memoir  of 
him  in  8vo.  He  jJubliNhcd  a  Uoylston  jirize  dis- 
sertation on  jmeumonia. 

JACKSON,  lliciiAiin  S.,  died  at  Providence 
April  18,  1838,  aged  74.  He  was  a  member  of 
congress  from  1808  to  1815.  A  merchant,  he 
was  among  the  first  to  engage  in  the  cotton  man- 
ufacture, and  was  a  man  of  integrity  and  reUgion, 
the  associate  of  various  literary,  benevolent,  and 
religious  institutions. 

JACKSON,  Thomas,  Ejjiscopal  minister,  died 
at  Alexandria,  district  of  Columbia,  in  Nov.,  1838, 
aged  S6. 

JACKSON,  Heniiy,  M.  D.,  LL.  D.,  professor 
of  mathematics,  etc.,  in  the  university  of  Georgia, 
died  near  Athens  in  1841,  aged  62.  He  went 
with  Crawford  as  secretary  of  legation  to  France, 
and  was  absent  from  1814  to  1817,  resuming  his 
college  duties  on  his  return,  but  retiring  in  1828. 

JACKSON,  William,  1).  1).,  minister  of  Dor- 
set, Vt.,  died  in  1842,  nged  74.  He  was  born  in 
1768,  at  Cornwall,  Conn.,  and  graduated  at  Dart- 
mouth college  in  1790.  Having  studied  theology 
■with  Dr.  Emmons  and  Dr.  Spring,  he  was  or- 
dained in  1706.  His  wife,  Susanna  Cram  of 
Brentwood,  N.  H.,  was  a  descendant  of  John 
llogers.  She  survived  her  husband.  Born  in 
1771,  she  died  in  1848,  aged  77.  Her  remark- 
able letters  may  be  read  in  the  memoirs  of  her 
daughter,  Henrietta  Anna  Lorain  Hamlin,  the 
wife  of  the  missionary,  Dr.  H.  Dr.  Jackson  was 
an  eminently  pious  and  useful  minister,  as  may  be 
gathered  from  the  book  just  referred  to.  In  nine 
revivals  five  hundred  were  added  to  his  church,  of 
whom  f  *  oen  became  preachers.  Though  he  well 
studied  '  arranged  his  sermons,  he  did  not 
write  theui  out  in  full.  Of  his  church  was  good 
Deacon  Kent,  worthy  of  perpetual  honor,  a  taan 
of  faith  and  prayer,  who  died  near  a  hundred 
years  of  age.     At  the  age  of  ninety-two  he  made 


JACKSON. 

a  memorable  ])rayer  at  the  bedcide  of  Iun  dying 
paNtnr,  guying,  with  more  expansion  of  langimxe, 
but  in  HuliNtniiee,  "Lord,  we  ri'nu'ml)er  how  iliy 
Hervant  has  preached  and  with  what  woiiderlul 
power  and  huecessj  but  now  we  fear  tlinu  nrt 
about  to  take  away  our  head.  If  ho,  —  though 
we  know  not  how  to  spare  him,  —  lead  him 
through  the  dark  valley,  safe  from  the  malignant 
Npirits  there!  conduct  liini  to  that  blesNed  world, 
where  thou  dwellest,  that  he  may  l)e  in  the  prc»- 
euee  of  thee,  the  Lanih  of  God,  in  the  niidht  of 
saints  and  angels,  joining  in  their  anthems  of 
praise  forever."  Dr.  J's  elder  daughter  married 
Ilev.  John  Maltby  of  Sutton  and  of  liangor.  His 
son.  Dr.  Samuel  C.,wa8  the  minister  of  west  ]mr. 
ish  in  Andover,  then  agent  of  the  board  of  edu- 
cation. —  Sjtraijuc'ii  Annals. 

J.VCKSON,  Andukw,  President  of  the  United 
States,  died  near  Nashville,  Tennessee,  June  8, 
1845,  aged  78.  Ho  was  born  at  the  Waxsaw 
settlement,  South  Carolina,  March  10, 1767.  His 
parents  came  from  the  north  of  Ireland  and  were 
of  Scotch  descent.  His  early  education  he  owed 
to  the  kindness  of  a  cousin.  He  engaged  in  the 
war  of  the  Itcvolution,  in  which  he  lost  his  two 
brothers.  At  the  ago  of  twenty-one  he  practised 
law  in  the  back  settlements  of  North  Carolina. 
AVhen  the  territory  wos  made  into  the  State  of 
Tennessee,  his  residence  was  Nashville.  In  1703 
he  assisted  in  forming  its  constitution.  He  was 
soon  a  rejiresentative  in  congress  and  a  senator  in 
1797;  then  a  judge  of  the  supremo  court.  He 
was  appointed  a  major-general,  and  in  1814,  ho 
received  the  hko  appointment  in  the  army  of  the 
United  States.  His  victory  over  the  British  at 
New  Orleans  was  Jan.  8,  1815.  The  Seminole 
war  he  conducted  in  1817-1818.  In  1821  he  was 
governor  of  Florida.  Ho  was  chosen  president 
in  1828,  and  again  in  1832,  —  thus  being  in  oitice 
eight  years,  succeeding  J.  Q.  Adams  and  being 
followed  by  Mr.  Van  Buren.  Some  events  of  his 
administration  were  the  removal  of  the  deposits 
from  the  United  States  bank,  and  the  suppression 
of  the  nullification  movement  in  South  Carolina. 
In  earlier  life,  in  the  absence  of  all  moral  and  re- 
ligious i)rincii)lc  he  fought  several  duels;  was 
wounded ;  and  in  1804  killed  Moses  Dickenson  in 
a  duel, — an  act  which  must  have  embittered  his 
whole  life.  In  old  age  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Presbyterian  church.  Ho  died  in  great  peace, 
confiding  in  the  grace  of  the  Redeemer,  and  ex- 
pressing his  hope  of  salvation,  "  through  the  mer- 
its and  blood  of  our  blessed  Lord  and  Saviour."  A 
letter  of  Mr.  Jefferson  has  lately  been  published, 
in  which  he  speaks  of  Gen.  Jackson :  "  I  feel 
much  alarmed  at  the  prospect  of  seeing  him  i)res- 
ident.  His  passions  are  terrible.  When  I  was 
president  of  the  senate  ho  was  a  senator ;  and  ho 
could  never  speak,  on  account  of  the  rashness  of 
his  feelings.    I  have  seen  him  attempt  it  repeat- 


JACKSON. 

rdly,  and  nn  ofton  choke  with  rnjjp."    If  ilpurrvp*  I 
till-  roiiKidcrati'in  of  ii  jK'npli'  iiilriiHtiil  witli  tli<> 
power  of  clioiiNinjj  their  own  nilerN,  wlietlier  lliey  ' 
inn  lie  juntitied  liy  iiny  prliu'i|il('  of  duty  or  l)y  n  , 
wise  regard  to  their  own  deeiirity  in  eU'viitinK  n 
nnirderer  to  the  lii^heNt  ruTik  in  tlie  eoniinunily  ? 
Whether,  it'  they  do  lliif,  tiiey  must  not   make  a 
|)()or  eliiini  to  he  regarded  as  an  intelligent  and 
\irtuous  people,  worthy  ot'Ciud'H  ^^il't  ol'  I'reedoin'.' 

JACKSON,  1Ii:miy,  deacon,  died  in  Portland' 
An;;.,  \HM,  n^ed  07,  an  CHtceined  teacher  in  ] 
Portland  nearly  lilty  yearH.  | 

.JACKSON,  Wil.MAM,  died  at  Newton  I'd).  27, 
1M.1.),  a^cd  71.  In  early  life  he  wa.s  diKmitiMfied 
with  Mr.  IIolIy'H  miniNtry  in  Iloston  and  went  to 
hear  Mr.  Clmnniii^  j  hut  lie  wqh  led  hy  the  tri- 
umphant death  oi'  Iun  wil'e  to  renounce  I'nitarian- 
isin.  For  the  hiHt  forty  years  he  was  a  jjillar  of 
the  church  at  Newton  Corner.  As  he  was  ahout 
to  die,  he  was  asked,  if  the  Saviour  was  precious. 
lie  replied,  "  precious,  very  i)reciouB."  While  a 
ineml)cr  of  congress  he  met  regularly  for  prayer 
with  a  small  band  of  Christians.  lie  toiled  for 
temperance  and  in  the  anti-slavery  cause. 

JACKSON,  CiiAULKs,  LL.  IJ.,  judge,  died  in 
Boston  Dec.  13,  18tj3,  aged  80.  Horn  in  New- 
buryjjort,  the  son  of  Jonathan  J.,  a  merchant,  he 
graduated  in  1703  at  Harvard  with  the  highest 
honors  of  n  distinguished  class,  lie  studied  law 
with  Judge;  I'arsons,  and  j)ractiscd  in  Ncwhury- 
port  until  appointed  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court 
hi  1813,  when  he  removed  to  Iloston.  After  ten 
years  he  was  induced  by  ill  health  to  withdraw 
i'rom  oilice,  but  remained  at  the  head  of  his  pro- 
fession. His  services  were  most  imiiortant  on 
the  commission,  which  reported  in  1830  the 
llevised  Statutes  of  Mass.  From  1825  to  1834 
he  was  of  the  corjioration  of  Harvard  college. 
Of  his  brothers,  Dr.  James  Jackson  survived  him. 
As  a  Christian  believer  he  calmly  awaited  the 
snmmons  of  death.  He  was  the  last  survivor, 
but  one,  of  his  class. — Boston  Adeertincr,  July 
1(5,  18,jG. 

JACOB,  Hexuy,  a  Puritan  minister,  came  to 
Virginia  in  1024  j  but  died  soon  after  his  arrival. 
He  left  Knglond  a-.id  vhied  Ilobhison  in  Holland, 
being  an  Indcpeiu'.ent  as  to  church  government. 
He  published  in  IGIO  at  Lcyden,  a  treatise  on 
Christ's  true,  visible,  and  material  church.  Ke- 
turniiig  to  England,  he  founded  the  first  Inde- 
pendent or  Congregational  church,  of  which  he 
was  chosen  pastor  with  jirayer  and  imjiosition  of 
hands.  After  about  eight  years  he  came  to 
America,  and  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Lothropp.  — 
Sprar/ne's  Annals. 

JACOB,  Stephen,  chief  justice  of  Vermont, 
died  at  Windsor  in  Feb.,  1817,  aged  61.  He 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1778,  in  the  class  of  Barlow 
and  Wolcott. 


JAMES. 


467 


J.\ron,  John  I.,  a  Methodint  ministpr,  died  in 
Ilampshiri',  Va.,  in  IN.JI),  aged  Hi. 

J.VCOIIS,  PiiriiK.  Ann,  once  a  slave,  died   nt 
Brunswick,  Me.,  and  was  buried  March  3,  18,)0. 
.She  was  honored  in  her  death.     President  .Mien, 
in  who»<e  family  siie  had  lived  many  years,  came 
wilh  two  daughters  several  hundred  miles,  from 
Norllmnipton,   merely    to   attend    her    I'linernl. 
I{<'V.  Dr.  Adams,  of  BruiiNwick,  made  an  affecting 
andcl()(|uent  K|)eeeh.     Her  pall-bearers  were  Gov- 
ernor  Uoliert    Dunliip,   Dr.    Lincoln,    Profesnor 
Packard.  Joseph  McKeen,  and  others.     .She  wai 
|)laced  by  the  Nide  of  her  friends,  Mrs.  Allen  and 
her  daughter  Maria  Mnllcville.      Why  was  she 
thus  niourned  and  honored;'     lleeause  she  was  a 
Christiiui,  and  an  eminent  Christian.     She  had 
been  thirty  years  a  most  worthy  member  of  the 
church  in  Brunswick.     Her  friend,  Mrs.  .\damii, 
died  the  same  night.     Dr.  Adams  said,  that  if 
his   beloved  companion,  then  lying  dead,  to  be 
biirii'd  the  next  day,  could  have  chosen  an  attend- 
ant spirit  in   her    u])ward   flight,  doubtless  she 
woulil  have  chosen  Phebe.     "Black  Phebe!"  he 
exclaimed,  "  she  has  sometimes  been  called ;  but 
her  soul  is  whiter  and  purer  than  the  light,  and  her 
heavenly  garments  are  more  resplendent  thon  the 
sun  shining  in  his  brightness  I  "     Mrs.  Ujiham,  the 
wife  of  Professor  Upham.wrote  a  brief  memoir  of 
Phebe,  which  has  been  extensively  circulated.     Let 
her  lofty  thoughts  and  Christian  virtues  and  ele- 
vated character  be  contrasted  with  the  unblush- 
ing ])roject  of  a  slaveholder,  the  j)rescnt  Governor 
Adams  of  South  Carolina,  who,  in  his  message  at 
this  ])eriod,  when  I  am  writing,  says :    "To  main- 
tain  our   i)resent   position  we  must  have  cheap 
labor  also.    This  can  be  obtained  in  but  one  way — 
by  re-ojiening  the  African  slave-trade ! "    Let  any 
intelligent  and  Christian  man  make  the  compari- 
son, and  his  soul  will  burn  with  indignation  as  he 
thinks  of  the  governor  of  a  southern  State  in  this 
year,  1856.     Jefferson,   in   his   views   of   human 
rights,  lamented  the  existence  of  slavery ;  Wash- 
ington   jirovided  for  the  emancipation    of   his 
slaves.     But,  pure  selfishness,  in  the  absence  of  all 
sense  of  justice,  and  humanity,  and  human  broth- 
erhood, would  not  only  hold  fast  those  men  who 
are  now  under  hard  oppression,  but  would  gather 
a  new  multitude  of  bondsmen  from  the  coast  of 
Africa.    All  the  noble  women  must  revolt  at  the 
continuance  of  slavery,  which,  besides  its  hard 
oppression,  annihilates  all  the  sonctity  of  mar- 
riage. 

JAFFREY,  Geokoe,  cliief  justice  of  New 
Hampshire,  died  at  Portsmouth  in  1749,  aged 
about  67.  Born  in  Newcastle,  he  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1702.  He  was  councillor  and  treasu- 
rer, and  a  judge  at  different  periods. 

JAMES,  an  Indian  sagamore  at  LjTin,  Mass., 
died  of  the  small  pox  in  1633,  wilh  piost  of  his 


468 


JAMKS. 


people,  nnd  JoJin,  »in({nmon',  nt  Wlnnrtiimet. 
The  cnMtcrii  IndiiiiiN,  tin-  'rarr!itiiir»,  iiiiiilr  ii  ciiii- 
tlvo  of  llin  wife,  lillt  hIic  WilN  lilx'nitcil, — //iitihiinl. 

JA.MKS.TiKiMAH,  llrHt  niiiiiNtcrot'Clmrlcstowii. 
MoMN.,  (lied  ii)  MiikIiiikI  altoiit  KhN, n^cil  S(i.    lie 
won  lM)rii  ill  l.>!rjj  ciinu' from  I,inc«lnhliiri', when' 
ho  hod  liciMi  II  minister,  to  lloNtoii  June  •*>.  UK)'.'; 
and  wlifii  the  tliurcli  in  CliarltMowii  wiut  orKiiii- 
Ized   Nov.   '2,   liy   disniiNNioiiK   from   llio  UohIoii 
church,    he    was    a|>|M)inli'(l    llio    ]m»tf)r.      Mr. 
8)mmcH  WON   orduiiicd  his  nNNociatc,  uh  trachcr, 
Dec.  22,  UVM,  and  not  in   1<1<)2.  iin  Dr.  llarUctt 
itatcN  in  hin  liihtory  of  ("hnrli'Htown.     The  hiu'- 
cecdiiiK  iniiiiittiTH  were  Harvard,  Allen,  .Slu'iiurd, 
Morton,    UriulHtreef,    SteveiiH,    Ahhot,    I'reiitice, 
I'aino,  nnd  Morse.     After  n  short  time  he  was  dis- 
miHNcd.      Gov.   Winlhro])    relates,    that    Satan 
Rtirrcd  up  a  spirit  of  discord  between   Mr.  James 
and  many  of  his  iieojjle,  on  which  Mr.   Savaj^e 
remarks,  that  "  few  in  the  ])resent  aj^e  would  at- 
tribute such  a  misfortune  to  tin-  a)?eiicy  of  .Satan," 
and  that  in  our  indictments  for  cajiital  offences  we 
retained  till  lately  "the  absurd  alleviation,"  "l)c- 
ins  moved  and  seduced  !)y  the  instigation  of  the 
devil."     Mr.  Savaj^e  is  sincere  in  liis  disbelief  of 
the  agency  of  Satan  in  tempting  men  to  great 
crimes   and  Christian   men   to  discord;   but  he 
certainly  misjudges  in  his  estimate  of  the  general 
opinion  of  the   great  body  of  Christians  of  vari- 
ous sects,  who  really  believe  that  "  he,  who  com- 
mitteth  sin,  is  of  the  devil,"  and  also  of  the  ojjin- 
ion  of  those  who  arc  not   Christians,  unless  we 
are  to  supjiose,  that  in  their  daily  conversation 
they  ascribe  much  to  the  tempter  as  a  real  being, 
when   they  regard   him   as   a    nonentity.     But 
■whether  or  not  the  devil  was  the  sower  of  discord 
at  Charlestown,  there  arose  a  dissension  between 
Mr.  James  and  the  brethren.     It  is  related,  that 
being  "  a  melancholic  man,"  he  had  uttered  some 
groundless,  jealous  surmises.     A  council  advised 
to  his  dismission  which  occurred  in  March,  1G3G. 
He  soon  removed  to  New  Haven.    When  at  the 
request  of  the  people  of  Virginia  three  ministers 
were  sent  to  them ,  Mr.  Thompson  of  Hraintrce, 
and  Mr.  Knowles  of  Watertown  set  sail  Oct.  7 
or  8,  1642 ;  they  were  long  wind-bound  at  Ilhode 
Island.    They  put  in  at  New  Haven,  where  they 
took  in  Mr.  James  as  their  companion.     On  the 
rocks  at  Hell  Gate  they  lost  their  ])innace.    After 
eleven  weeks'  dangerous  ])assage  the  vessel  arrived 
about  Jan.  1,  1643,  in  Virginia.    It  fared  with 
them  as  with  the  apostles :  the  people  heard  them 
,  gladly,  but  the  rulers  persecuted  them,  ordering 
,  them  to  quit  the  country  by  a  certain  day,  unless 
I  thoy  would  conform  to  the  English  church.    In 
•'  June,  1643,  Mr.  Knowles  returned  to  New  Eng^ 
^  land.     Soon  afterwards  the  great  massacre  by 
the  Indians  occurred.     Mr.  James  stated,  that  in 
Maryland  ho  saw  forty  Indians  baptized  in  new 
shirts  given  them  as  encom'agemeut  to  receive  the 


JAMKS. 

ordliinnce,  but  that,  being  detained  there,  after  a 
uliilt'  lie  huw  the  xainc  liiiliiuiH  rr'iirii  to  tlic  I'.iig- 
lisli,  siijJTi^r,  ihcy  must  lia\i'  again  new  sJiirtM,  or 
they  would  riiiouiuc  their  baptism.  It  is  not 
known  at  whiit  time  Mr.  James  returned  to  I'.ng- 
hind;  perhaps  not  till  alter  KmO,  vlieii  his  son, 
Thoniiis,  was  settled  at  I'.ast  llaiiiptoii,  \„  I.  la 
I'.ngland  he  was  the  minister  of  Needliam  in  Suf- 
folk, but  was  silenced  anil  (jeeted  for  iioneoiil'nrm- 
ity  hi  l(i(i2.  Yet  afti  rwarils  he  |ireailie(l  to  a 
pretty  nuinerons  society.  The  clergjninn,  his 
successor,  would  allow  him  to  be  buried  inwhero 
in  the  churchyard,  but  in  "the  iincon^ecnited 
corner,  left  for  rogues,  etc."  Mr.  Caliiniy  sajs, 
"  he  was  a  very  holy,  good  lu.in;"  oml  Jolinsiui 
sjieaks  of  his  "  learned  skill  anil  courteous 
speech." 

JAMKS,  Thomas,  son  of  the  preceding,  wo» 
the  minister  of  Mast  IIani])ton,  f.ong  Island, from 
Ui/jO  till  his  dentil  in  1(!IH>.  In  um  he  sold  bis 
estate  for  <>()()  ])oiinils  to  John  (Jarilenier  of  (!. 
Island.  He  was  a  faithful  |ireacher.  His  b-)dy 
he  ordered  to  be  laid  in  a  ])osition  contrary  to 
that  of  his  pcojile,  —  for  what  reason  is  not 
known,  —  ]ierhaps  as  n  testimony  against  some 
prejudices  as  to  the  manner  of  burial. 

JAMKS,  John,  major,  a  brave  1  {evolutionary 
oIKcer  in  South  Carolina,  died  in  1701,  aged  oi). 
Uorn  in  Ireliuul,  his  father  emigrated  to  this 
country,  and  brought  his  son,  an  infant,  in  1733, 
and  settled  at  a  village  called  King's  Tree.  His 
teacher  was  Ilev.  John  Itae,  also  an  emigrant. 
In  1770  he  marched  at  the  head  of  a  comi)any  in 
defence  of  Charleston.  In  1770  he  served  under 
Moultrie,  commanding  one  hundred  and  twenty 
riilemcn.  Through  him  the  distinguished  corps, 
known  as  Marion's  brigade,  was  formed.  Uy  the 
war  he  was  reduced  from  wealth  to  poverty,  every 
house  on  his  ])lantation  being  burnt.  In  the  bat- 
tle of  Eutaw  his  riflemen  had  each  twenty-four 
cartridges,  and  many  of  the  men  ex])cnded  the 
whole,  taking  good  aim.  His  last  days  were  de- 
voted to  the  imjjrovement  of  his  i)ropcrty  and 
the  education  of  his  child ;  and  he  dei^rted  hence 
with  the  fortitude  of  a  Christian  hero. — liumsay's 
South  Carolina. 

JAMES,  William,  died  at  Albany  Dec.  19, 
1832,  aged  03,  leaving  two  or  three  millions  o.' 
dollars  to  nine  heirs.  He  began  as  a  clerk  in 
1789. 

JAMES,  Thomas  C,  M.  D.,  died  in  Philadel- 
phia July  25,  1830,  aged  09.  He  was  educated 
in  Robert  Proud's  grammar  school,  then  studied 
medicine  under  Dr.  Kuhn.  In  1788  he  went  os 
a  surgeon  to  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  He  stud- 
ied in  London  and  Edinburgh  from  1790  to  1793, 
when  he  returned  to  witness  the  ravages  of  the 
yellow  fever.  In  1811  he  wos  appointed  profes- 
sor of  midwifery  in  the  university.  He  was  mod- 
est, diffident,  gentle,  amiable.     He  was  a  diligent 


JAMIESOy. 


JAY. 


469 


dtudrnt  of  tho  nihlc  in  viirioiix  liitiffunRrs.  He 
kiu'W  lltOirrw,  (ircrk,  l.iiliii,  I'rriirli,  and  (icr- 
mnn.  lie  wuh  oni'  of  the  rmiiiili'ri  nt'  the  luNtiir- 
ioal  MOt'ii'ty.  An  lit"  wiis  Kkill'ul,  mo  was  In'  n  K""d 
ti'iiclicr  ill  liit  (li'parlniciit. —  W'illiinn.i'  MkHiuI 
Jlii.i/fiil>li!/, 

JAMII'.SOX,  Hoiir.iiT,  (lied  in  Souili  CnroHim 
ill  |Mi:i.  .ij,'((l  101.  His  cyc-sifflit  liiiii  I'aiicd  tor 
doiiu'  ycarN,  Imt  \\i\>*  rc-torcil  iiclori'  liis  dculli, 

JAMll'.SON.  IlnliMKi  (i.,  M.  l»..loii;<  nil  ( ilii- 
lU'iit  KiirKcon  ill  liiilliinorc,  died  in  An;;.,  |N.j.>, 
ii^'cd  7<l.     Ill'  pnldi.Hlifd  a  work  on  ciiolcrn. 

JAN'SI'',\,  IIi;nuy,  a  incnilicr  of  tin-  conven- 
tion at  Alluiiiy,  died  in  Scjit.,  IN'JI.  Ho  was  at 
till'  ('a|)itol,  iiad  piircliascd  n  ticket  to  viewl'eale's 
"Court  of  Death"  in  tiie  Neiiato  C'lianil)cr,  and  in 
])aN.siii^  toward  it  fell  and  died. 

JA(ll'l'".S,  Sriii'iiiA,  n  notary  |)u1)lic,  died  in 
Newliiiry,  his  liirllij. lace,  ill  1771),  a^ed  IH.  He 
was  for  a  wliile  a  sehoiilmaNter  on  ('a|)e  Cod. 

JAQl'KS,  llicilAlil),  nunister  of  (Jloncester, 
Mass.,  died  April  1'.',  1777,  w^vd  77.  Horn  at 
Newbury,  ho  was  prndiiated  at  Harvard  in  1720, 
and  was  orduined  in  \~'2o.  John  Clenvolaiid  jus- 
titiod  liiN  church  in  lltio  from  Huinu  Ntricturos  liy 
Mr.  Jaciiies. 

JA(iUl'/lT,PKTi:ii,  major,  died  on  tho  hanks  of 
tho  Christiana  ui  J)oln\varo  in  Sept.,  1H3I,  aged 
71);  nil  ollicor  of  tiic  Uovolution,  said  to  have 
been  engaged  in  thirty  battles  in  the  field. 

JAltMAN,  Ja.\i;,  Mrs.,  died  near  Wadcsbor- 
ough  Fob.  22,  183.J,0Red  105. 

JiVllVIS,  AUUAH.VM,  ]).  1).,  bishop  of  Connec- 
ticut, was  born  in  Norwalk  May  u,  17.'M),  and  was 
groduatcd  at  Yale  college  hi  17GI.  He  was  a 
minister  in  Middletown  from  about  17(5t  to  171)!), 
when  lie  removed  to  Ciicshiro,  and  in  1803  to 
New  Haven.  He  Kucceeded  liisho])  iSeiibnry  in 
1797,  and  died  May  3,  1813,  aged  73.  Hi  pub- 
lished o  sermon  on  the  death  of  Itishop  Soaijury, 
and  a  sermon  on  the  witness  of  tlie  Spirit. 

JAUVIS,  CliAiU.lcs,  iM.  1).,  11  physician,  died 
Nov.  ^,  1807,  aged  58.  He  was  tho  son  of  Col. 
Leonard  Jarvis,  a  merchant  of  Boston.  His 
mother  was  the  grand-daughter  of  the  celebrated 
Col.  Church.  After  graduating  at  Harvard  col- 
lege in  17G0,  he  completed  his  medical  education 
in  Europe.  On  his  return  he  settled  in  Boston, 
and  rose  to  eminence  in  liis  profession.  In  the 
llevolufion  he  engaged  zealously  in  the  cause  of 
his  country.  For  many  years  he  was  a  member 
of  the  legislature.  As  an  orator  he  was  impres- 
sive and  powerful.  With  a  bald  head  and  aqui- 
line nose,  ho  was  called  tlie  bald  eagle  of  the 
Boston  Koat.  In  his  ])oIitics  he  opposed  Jay's 
treaty  and  esjiouscd  the  democratic  side,  of  which 
he  was  the  leader  in  Boston.  When  the  marine 
hosjjital  was  established  at  Charlestown,  he  was 
appointed  by  Jcllerson  its  surgeon,  and  faithfully 
discharged  the  duties  of  his  ofHce  till  his  death. 


His  wife  was  the  nistrrof  Sir  Wm  PepiiiToII,  and 
till'  );riiii(l-tl.iin,'litrr  of  the  lir-t  Imrmiii  nf  (hut 
iianie.  He  left  no  i^siie.  His  only  Nixter  married 
Joseph  Itiisnell. —  T/idilin; 

J.VIIVIS.  JniiN  Wistiv,  an  eminent  portrait 
painter,  died  in  \rw  York  .liui.  12,  IHJO, 

JAUVIS.  Samhi,  I'viiMiii.  1).  I).,  I.r..  I)., 
(lii'il  ill  MiddlelDwn,  CiiMii,,  Mnn  li  2''i,  ts.jl,  a^ed 
lil,  '.(111  of  lliNliop  \.  J.iivis.  In  isi.'l  he  was  a 
rcetor  ill  New  York,  then  a  professor  in  the  tlieo- 
logir:il  Ni'iiiinnry.  Ho  renwiMil  to  Huston  in 
1'>2(I,  anil  went  in  lN2li  to  I'.iirope,  wliire  he  re- 
iiiiiiiii'il  nine  \ e:\rs.  In  |N,'1."(  he  was  jinit'essor  ill 
the  colli  ;,'e  at  lliirltord,  iiiiil  soon  I lecaiiie  rector 
at  Miildletowii,  and  then  was  nppoiiilcd  liisiorio- 
giapher  of  the  cliiiieh.  lie  pulilislied  an  iiitro- 
diiclion  to  the  history  of  the  eluiicli,  willi  a  liar- 
nioiiy  of  gosjiels,  8vo.,  ls|.")!  ('lMi>tiaii  unity; 
sermons  on  proplu'cy ;  no  iiiiinn  with  Uimioi  col- 
onics of  heiiveii ;  luirrative  as  to  his  rcct(;rship  in 
Boston;  Christ's  conversation  with  Nieodcmus, 
1822;  discourse  on  the  reli;,'i(in  of  the  Indians,  in 
vol.  .'id  of  New  Yolk  historical  collectioiiH ;  rejdy 
to  the  Ciiiliolie  .Milner's  end  of  controversy ;  the 
church  ijf  the  reileenied,  or  history  of  the  media- 
torial kingdom,  2  vols.,  1850.  —  Ci/il.  <;/'  Lil. 

JAUVIS.  Uissi:i.i.,  (  ;  in  New" York  Ajiril  17, 
1853,  aged  nearly  ()3.  A  native  of  Boston,  ho 
graduated  at  Dartnioutli  in  1810.  He  was  tho 
editor  of  the  I'liiladoljihia  Ledger  eight  or  ten 
years,  luid,  with  Diitf  Green,  olso  of  the  U.  S. 
Telegraph  at  Washington.  He  lost  his  wife  and 
two  childroii  in  the  burning  of  tho  Lexington 
boat  ill  the  sound  Jan  13,  1810. 

JAUVLS,  LkonauI),  died  in  Baltimore  Nov.  10, 
1855,  aged  7(>.  Born  in  Cambridge,  he  graduated 
in  17!)7,  and  was  a  successful  morehant  in  Boston 
and  Baltiiii(3i'.'.  Ho  was  generous  to  young  mer- 
chants. By  his  will  he  devised  the  Jarvis  build- 
ing, one-half  to  Harvard  college  and  tho  other 
half  to  several  humane  societies  after  tho  decease 
of  his  widow  who  was  left  with  an  income  of 
20,000  dollar.s  a  year.  —  liuntonAilfeiiincr,  July 
10,  185(). 

JAUVIS,  Lkonaud,  <licd  at  Surry,  in  Moinj, 
Scjit.  18,  1854,  aged  nearly  73.  He  was  a  native 
of  Cambridge,  Mass.,  and  was  graduated  in  1800. 
In  eoi'ly  life  he  s])oiit  years  abroad.  In  Maine  he 
was  collector  of  Ea.stport,  sheriff,  and  a  demo- 
cratic member  of  congress  from  1831  to  1833. 
For  a  time  he  was  navy  agent  for  the  port  of 
Boston. 

JAY,  John,  chief  justice  of  the  United  States, 
died  May  17,  1829,  aged  84.  He  was  the  great- 
grandson  of  Pierre  Jay,  a  Protestant  merchant  of 
Ilochello,  in  France,  who,  on  the  revocation  of 
the  edict  of  Naiiles,  fled  to  England.  Augustus, 
a  merchant,  the  son  of  Pierre,  emigrated  to  New 
Y'ork,  where,  in  1G97,  he  married  Anne  ^laria, 
daughter  of  Balthosor  Bayard.     Dying  at  the  age 


^     I 


470 


JAY. 


of  85,  he  left  one  son,  Peter,  who  was  born  in 
1704,  and  in  17llH  ninrricd  Mnry,  dmi{,'lit(r  of 
Jacobus  Van  C'ortlandt,  of  New  Yorlv.  .\bout 
the  year  17J0,  I'etcr,  a  niercbanf,  retired  to  his 
estate  at  Itye,  on  Lonf,'  Ishmd  .Sound,  wlience  lie 
was  compelled  to  remove  by  the  ajiproaeh  of  tlie 
British  army,  lie  died  at  I'oufjlikeepsie  in  17.S2. 
John  Jaj-,  the  son  of  I'eter,  was  l)orn  in  New 
York  ])cceml)er  12,  171.).  He  was  educated 
at  King's  collef,'e,  where  he  (graduated  May  15, 
1704,  and  in  170.S  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  In 
1774  he  married  Sarali  Livingston,  the  dau^liter 
of  William  Livingston,  afterwards  governor  of 
New  Jersey.  Acquiring  great  reputation  as  r> 
lawyer,  and  present  iig  a  rare  union  of  the  dig- 
nity and  gravity  of  manhood  with  the  energy  of 
youth,  his  fellow-citizens  began  to  look  up  to  him 
as  their  future  guide  in  the  contest  for  liberty. 
He  was  ajjiiointed  to  the  first  American  congress 
in  1774.  lleing  on  the  committee  with  Lee  and 
Livingston  to  draft  an  address  to  the  jjcople  of 
Great  Britain,  he  was  the  writer  of  that  elocjuent 
production,  adopted  Oct.  21,  1774.  In  the  con- 
gress of  1775  he  Avas  on  various  imjiortant  com- 
mittees, performing  more  services,  jjcrhaps,  than 
uny  member,  exccjiting  Franklin  and  J.  Adams. 
In  May,  1770,  he  was  recxUed  to  assist  in  forming 
the  governnii  ut  of  New  York,  and,  in  conse- 
quence, his  name  is  not  attached  to  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence ;  but,  July  9th,  he  reported 
resolutions  in  the  i)rovincial  convention  in  favor  of 
the  declaration.  Aftc-  the  fall  of  New  York  and 
the  removal  of  the  provincial  assembly  to  Pough- 
kcepsic,  Mr.  Jay  retained  his  resolute  patriotism. 
The  very  eloquent  address  of  the  convention  to 
the  ijeojjle  of  New  York,  dated  Fishkill,  Dec.  23, 
1770,  and  signed  by  A.  Ten  Brorck  as  ])resident, 
■was  written  by  him.  March  12, 1777,  he  rejmrted 
to  the  convention  of  New  York  the  draft  of  a 
form  of  government,  which  was  adoj)ted,  and 
many  of  the  provisions  of  which  were  introduced 
into  the  constitutions  of  other  States.  From 
May  3,  1777,  to  Aug.  18, 1779,  he  Avas  chief  jus- 
tice of  the  State,  but  resigned  that  ofHce  in  con- 
Bcqucncc  of  his  duties  ns  j)resident  of  congress. 
The  glowing  address  of  that  body  to  their  con- 
stituents, dated  Hcyit.  8,  1779,  was  prcj)arcd  by 
him.  On  the  29th  Sej)t.  he  was  apjiointed  minis- 
ter plenipotentiary  to  the  court  of  Spain.  The 
frigate  in  which  ho  sailed,  losing  her  masts  in  a 
gale,  was  obliged  to  jirocced  to  Martinique,  lie 
reached  Madrid  April  4,  1780.  In  communicat- 
ing the  resolution  of  congress  of  July  lo,  1781, 
yielding  the  navigation  of  the  Mississij)])!  to 
Sjjain,  he  had  the  j)rudcnce  to  limit  the  ju'opo- 
sition,  so  that  it  should  have  no  force,  unless  a 
treaty  was  made  with  Spain  before  a  general  j)eacc. 
This  limitation  was  sanctioned  by  congress  Ajjril 
30,  1782.     Being  unsuccessful  in  his  negotiation. 


JAY. 

Mr.  Jay  suspcctrd  some  bad  faith  on  the  part  of 
France,  but  ])roli.nbly  without  reason. 

Being  aj)])ointcd  a  comniiH.'ioncr  to  negotiate  a 
j)eace  with  Great  Britain,  he  arrived  at  Paris  June 
23,  1782,  and  toiled  incessantly  to  secure  the  in- 
terests of  his  country.  His  health  now  becoming 
impaired,  he  went  to  Bath  for  its  recovery,  lie 
signed  the  definitive  treaty  at  Paris  Scjit.  3, 17S3. 
The  next  year,  having  resigned  his  S])anisii  com- 
mission, he  returned  to  New  York,  where  he 
arrived  July  24,  1784.  Congress  had  already  aji- 
pointed  him  secretary  of  States  for  foreign  affairs, 
in  the  place  of  B.  ]{.  Livingston.  In  the  difhcult 
circumstances  of  the  country,  the  secretary  was, 
in  effect,  the  head  of  the  government.  Mr.  Jay's 
services  were  of  great  importance,  lie  drew  u]), 
(Jet.  13,  1780,  an  elaborate  report  on  tiie  rela- 
tions between  this  country  and  Great  Britain. 
Though  not  a  member  of  the  convention  which 
formed  the  ccmstitution  of  the  United  States,  he 
was  present  at  Annapolis  and  aided  by  his  advice. 
Ho  also  assisted  Hamilton  and  JIadison  in  writ- 
ing the  Federalist.  He  wrote  numbers  2,  3,  4, 
5,  04.  His  labors  after  the  Oth  )umil)er  were  in- 
terrupted by  a  wound  in  the  forehead  from  a 
stone  in  the  doctor's  mob.  In  the  convention  of 
New  York  ho  contributed  to  the  adoption  of  the 
constitution. 

For  the  high  station  of  chief  justice  of  the 
United  States,  to  which  he  w;is  aj)pointed  by 
Wa.shington  Sept.  20,  1789,  he  was  eminently 
qualified.  In  1792  lie  was  the  unsuccessful  can- 
didate of  the  federal  jiarty  for  the  ofiiee  of  gover- 
nor of  New  York,  against  George  Clinton ;  but, 
in  1795,  he  vas  elected  against  Ilobert  Yates, 
though  he  was  at  the  time  abroad,  having  been 
appointed  April  19,1794,  minister  plenipotentiary 
to  Great  Britain.  He  effected  th.e  treaty  which 
bears  his  name,  Nov.  19,  1794;  a  treaty  which, 
notwithstanding  the  clamors  of  pohlical  parti- 
sans friendly  to  France,  was  highly  advantageous 
to  our  country,  as  it  stijudated  for  the  surrender 
of  the  northwestern  posts,  j)rocured  admission  for 
oiu"  vessels  into  India,  and  obtained  payment  for 
sjjoliations  amounting  to  nearly  ten  millions  of 
dollars.  In  1798  he  was  re-elected  governor 
against  it.  11.  Livingston.  The  political  excite- 
ment of  the  period  rendered  his  station  untjuiet. 
Longing  for  retirement,  he  withdrew,  at  the  end 
of  the  term  for  which  he  was  chosen,  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1801,  from  the  cares  and  honors  of  j)ul)lic 
station,  and  passed  the  remaining  nearly  thirty 
years  of  his  life  in  retirement  at  his  seat  in  Bedford, 
Westchester  county,  where  he  died.  His  brother, 
Sir  James  Jay,  M.  D.,  died  in  New  Y'ork  in  Not., 
1815.    His  pious,  excellent  wife  died  in  May,  1802. 

In  his  character  there  were  great  and  pecidiar 
excellencies.  The  utmost  prudence  was  combined 
with  invincible  energy.     At  a  period  of  life  when 


JAY. 


JEFFERSON. 


471 


ftml)ition  is  apt  to  hear  sway,  he  abaiiiloiicd  nil  i 
the  sccnos  of  politiciil  afiitiition  ;   nor  did  lie  once 
cast  a  linp;erin{?  look  l)i'liin(l.     In  his  last  years  he 
was  innc'h  occiipied  in  the  study  of  the  Scrij)tures, 
jiarticularly  of  the  ijrojiheoics,  and  dijvoted  to  the 
duties  of  rili;;ion  and  ])rei)aration  for  the  scenes  : 
of  the  future  world.     Tliere  is  somcth.in^  refresh-  I 
inf,'   in    the  view  of  hia    last    year.s.     Instead  of  • 
dwelling?,  like  !iis  co-])atriofs,  Adams  and  .fefferson,  1 
on  tiie  history  of  the  i)ast,  or  the  aj^itatiiifj;  poHt- 
ical  occurrences  of  the  day,  and  fifrhtinfj  anew  the 
hattles  of  old  time,  his  serene  mind  was  al)sorhed 
in  the  contemjilation  of  the  hrif^iit,  and  fjlorious, 
and  everlasting  kinj:;dom  of  (iod.     Itcsides  the 
writinj^s  already  mentioned,  he  puhlished  letters, 
heinj;  tlie  whole  of  the  corres])ondence  between 
him  and  Lewis  Littlei)a<;e,  a  youn;^  man,  whom 
Mr.  .Jay,  when   in   Spain,  patronized   and  took 
into  his  family,  2d  edit.,  178(5.     I  lis  life  was  pub- 
lished by  his  son  William,  also  by  Kenwick.  — 
Aiiierlcnn  Annual  licf/lxlvi;  1827-9,  p.  215-234. 

JAY,  I'lrncH  Arofstrs,  a  lawyer,  jjrcsident  of 
tlic  New  York  historical  society,  died  Feb.  20, 
1813.  lie  was  the  eldest  son  of  John  Jay,  and 
iiis  ])rivate  secretary.  In  1817  he  was  recorder 
of  Xew  York;  and  of  the  .'xmerican  bible  .society 
he  was  a  vice-i)re.sident. 

JAY,  Ann,  dauj;htcr  of  John  Jay,  died  in  New 
York,  in  Nov.,  IS.jti;  and  a  few  days  afterwards 
died  her  sister,  Maria  Uanyer,  aged  16,  widow  of 
Goldsborouf^h  15anyer,  the  last  of  tlie  daughters 
of  John  Jay.  Tliese  sister;;  betpieathed  more 
than  31,000  dollars,  distributed  among  the  bible, 
tract,  missionary,  and  other  charitable  societies. 

JFFFi;] I.SOX,  Elkanou,  Mrs.,  died  at  Boston 
MavO,  1737,  aged  100. 

JEFFI'IRSON,  1'i;ti:r,  father  of  Thomas  Jef- 
ferson, died  Aug.  17,  1757,  aged  49.  lie  was 
horn  at  0,sborne's  in  Chesterfield,  Va.,  in,  1708, 
and  married  in  1739  Jane  llaiulolph,  daughter 
of  Ishani  Randolpli,  of  Goochland.  lie  was 
eliosen,  with  I'rof.  Fry  of  ^^'illiam  and  Mary  col- 
lege, to  continue  the  boundary  line  between  Vir- 
ginia and  North  Carolina.  He  was  em])loyed  by 
Mr.  Fry  to  make  the  first  map  of  Virginia. 
Almut  the  year  1737  he  settled  at  Shadwell,  near 
Monticello,  being  the  third  or  fourth  settler  in 
that  part  of  Viiginia.  His  wife,  who  lived  fill 
1770,  survived  bini,  with  six  daughters  and  two 
sons.  To  his  eldest  son,  Thomas,  he  left  an  es- 
tate at  Monticello.  The  ancestor  came  from 
Wales,  near  the  mountain  of  Snowden. — JcJ- 
fcrmin's  I  Vritiixja. 

JEFFERSON,  TiiOM.\s,  president  of  the 
United  States,  died  July  4,  182G,  aged  83.  He 
was  the  son  of  I'etcr  J.,  and  was  born  at  Sliad- 
well,  Albcrmarle  county,  near  ^lonticello,  in  Va., 
A])ril  2,  1743.  His  mother  was  Jane  Randolph. 
His  early  education  was  conducted  by  Mr.  Doug- 
las and  Mr.  Maury,  clergymen.     In  17C0  he  went 


to  William  and  Marj-  college,  ■where  he  continued 
two  years.  He  derived  great  benefit  from  the  in- 
structions of  William  Small,  ])rofessor  of  mathe- 
matics, and  afterwards  lecturer  on  ethics,  rhetoric, 
and  lielles  lettres.  Ity  his  kindness  lie  was  placed 
as  a  student  of  law  at  Williamsburg  under  his 
intimate  friend,  George  Wythe.  In  1707  ho 
entered  u])on  the  jiractice  of  the  law  at  the  bar  of 
the  general  court.  In  1709  he  became  a  member 
of  the  legislature  for  the  countv  of  his  residence, 
and  so  continued  till  the  Revolution.  Jan.,  1772, 
be  married  Martha  Skelton,  widow  of  liathurst 
Skelton,  and  daughter  of  Jolin  Wales,  a  lawyer 
of  nuicii  practice.  \\\  her  he  received  projjcrty 
about  eciual  to  his  own  ])atrimony. 

In  May,  1709,  he  was  a  member  of  the  house 
of  burgesses.  In  the  spring  of  1773,  he,  with 
Mr.  Henry,  R.  II.  Lee,  F.  L.  Lee,  and  Dabney 
Carr,  his  brother-in-law,  at  a  jirivate  meeting, 
agreed  ujjon  certain  ])atriotic  resolutions,  which 
were  ado|)ted  by  the  house,  and  a  committee  of 
corres])ondcnce  witii  tlie  other  colonies  was  ac- 
cordingly api)ointed,  of  which  Peyton  Randol])h, 
the  speaker,  was  made  chairman.  At  this  ])eriod 
Mr.  J.  maintained  the  opinion,  in  which  Wythe 
agreed  with  him,  that  the  Hritish  jjarliament  had 
no  authority  wiiatever  over  America.  His  views 
were  ])riiited  with  tlie  title,  "A  summary  view  of 
the  Rights  of  IJritish  America."  It  wasrejirinted, 
<i  little  altered,  by  Mr.  liurke,  as  an  opiiositioii 
liajier  in  England.  The  other  Virginia  patriots, 
Randoljdi,  the  Lees,  Nicholas,  and  Pendleton, 
concurred  with  John  Dickinson,  who  allowed 
that  I'higland  had  a  riglit  to  regulate  our  com- 
merce and  to  lay  duties  for  regulation  but  not  for 
revenue. 

He  took  his  scat  in  congress  June  21,  1775,  in 
the  place  of  Peyton  Randoljih,  who  had  been  re- 
called to  the  general  assembly  of  Virginia.  He 
took  with  him  the  answer  of  the  assemby,  drawn 
up  by  himself,  to  the  conciliatory  pro])ositions  of 
Lord  North.  In  congress  he  was  immediately 
jdaced  on  the  committee  to  prejiare  a  declaration 
of  the  causes  for  taking  uj)  arms.  He  accordingly 
drew  up  a  jiajier ;  but  it  not  being  deemed  suffi- 
ciently conciliatory,  he  put  it  into  the  hands  of 
Mr.  Dickinson,  who  was  also  on  the  committee; 
and  he  drew  up  tlie  declaration  which  was 
adopted,  retaining  only  of  Mr.  Jefferson's  the 
four  last  paragraphs  and  half  the  preceding. 
Mr.  Dickinson  also  drew  up  the  second  petition 
to  the  king,  which  Mr.  Jefferson  thouglit  expressed 
too  much  humility.  In  July,  Mr.  Jefferson  drew 
up  the  rejjort  on  Lord  North's  conciliatory  reso- 
lution. May  15,  1770,  the  convention  of  Virginia 
instructed  their  delegates  to  jji-ojioso  in  congress 
a  Declaration  of  Independence.  Accordingly 
Friday,  June  7,  R.  H.  Lee  made  the  motion  for 
the  Declaration  of  Inde])endence.  In  the  debate 
which  followed,  it  was  argued  by  Wilson,  R.  R. 


I>l 


I  i  U 


I 


473 


JEFFERSON. 


Li\inf;Nton,  E.  Ilutloilpo,  Dickinson,  nnil  others, 
that  the  meastire,  thoii-.^li  uhitniitely  to  i)e  luloptcd, 
was  yet  now  iirecipitate,  niid  for  vnrioiis  reasons 
ought  to  l)e  delerred.  On  tlio  otlier  Jiand  the 
measure  wassu])|)orted  l)y  J.  Adams,  ],ec,  Wythe, 
and  others.  Of  tiie  tiiirteen  States,  all  l)ut  four 
voted  for  the  motion  on  the  1st  .July,  in  committee 
of  the  whole.  Sontli  Carolina  and  I'emi.  voted 
against  it.  ]  )elaware  was  ecjually  divided.  The 
delegates  from  New  York,  though  in  favor  of  the 
motion,  were  excused  from  voting,  heing  restrained 
by  their  old  instructions.  The  committee  re])OKted 
their  resolution  to  the  liouse.  July  2,  the  house 
agreed  to  the  resolution  of  the  committee,  all  the 
States  hut  New  York  voting  for  it,  .South  Caro- 
lina falling  in  for  the  sake  of  unanimity,  and  the 
new  members  tin-ned  the  votes  of  Delaware  and 
Pennsylvania.  On  the  day  of  this  vote  the  form 
of  tho  Declaration  reimrted,  drawn  up  hy  Mr. 
Jelferson,  was  taken  into  consideration  l)y  the  com- 
mittee of  the  whole.  The  debates  continued  till 
Thursday  the  4th,  in  the  evening,  when  tlie  De- 
claration was  reported  by  the  committee  of  the 
whole,  agreed  to  by  the  house,  and  signed  by 
every  member  j)rosent,  excejit  Mr.  Dickinson. 
July  9,  the  convention  of  New  Y'ork  aj)])roved  of 
the  declaration,  and  their  delegates  signed  July 
liith.  There  was  no  sub-committcce  for  drawing 
uj)  the  Declaration,  though  Mr.  Jefferson  showed 
it  to  ]Jr.  Franklin  and  Mr.  Adams,  who  suggested* 
a  few  slight  alterations.  The  other  members  of 
the  committee  were  ]{.  Sherman  and  It.  1{.  Liv- 
ingston. Several  jjaragrajihs  were  struck  out  by 
congress,  among  which  was  the  following;  "lie 
has  waged  cruel  war  against  human  nature  itself, 
violating  its  most  sacred  rights  of  hfe  and  liberty 
in  the  j)ersons  of  a  distant  peojilc,  who  never 
oll'ended  him,  ca])tivating  and  carrying  them  into 
slavery  in  another  hemisphere,  or  to  incur  miser- 
able death  in  their  transj)ortation  thither.  This 
])iratical  warfare,  the  oi)])robrium  of  iiijhid  jjowors, 
is  ihe  warfare  of  the  CIIUISTIAX  king  of  Great 
Britain.  Determined  to  keep  ojjcn  a  market 
M'here  MEN  should  lie  bought  and  sold,  he  has 
prostituted  his  negative  for  sujjpressing  every  leg- 
islative attempt  to  prohibit  or  restrain  this  exe- 
crable commerce."  !Mr.  Jelferson  supposed  that 
this  clause  was  struck  out  in  comj)hiisancc  to 
South  Carolina  and  (ieorgia,  who  wished  to  con- 
tinue the  importation  <if  slaves,  and  that  the 
northern  carriers  also  felt  a  little  tender  under 
that  censure. 

'i'his  declaration  was  engrossed  on  ])archment 
and  signed  again  Aug.  L'd.  'J'he  convention  of 
I'ennsylvania  named  a  new  delegation  July  2()th, 
leaving  out  Mr.  Dickinson,  and  AVilling,  and 
llum|)hreys,  who  had  withdrawn,  rc-ap])ointing  the 
three  nienil)ers,  who  had  signed, — Morris,  who 
had  not  been  ])resent,  and  live  new  ones,  Hush, 
Clynier,  Smith,  Taylor,  and  Koss.     These  six  were 


JEFFERSON. 

permitted  to  sign,  as  indicating  tho  a.sRcnt  of  the 
full  delegnti(Hi.  Thornton,  of  New  Hampshire, 
signed  as  late  as  Nov.  4th,  for  reasons  unknown. 

^Ir.  Jelferson  retired  from  congress  Sejjt.  2, 
17"(i,  and  took  his  seat  in  the  legislature  of  Vir- 
ginia Oct.  7th.  He  drew  uj)the  bill  for  tho  estab- 
lishment of  courts  of  justice;  the  bill  declaring 
tenants  in  tail  to  hold  their  lands  in  fee  simple  ; 
the  bill  for  religious  freedom  ;  tho  bill  for  the  re- 
vision of  the  laws,  in  regard  to  which  the  com- 
mittee were  Pendleton,  AVythe,  Mason,  Thomas 
L.  Lee,  and  himself.  The  work  was  done  by  Pen- 
dleton, AVythe,  and  Jefferson,  from  1777  to  Juno, 
1771).  Mr.  Jefl'erson  also  ])roposed  a  bill  for  gen- 
eral education,  jiroviding  schools  for  every  hundred 
or  ward,  and  twenty-four  higher  schools,  etc. 
June  1,  177!),  he  was  ajipointed  governor,  as  suc- 
cessor of  Mr.  Henry.  As  one  of  tlie  visitors  of 
William  and  !Mary  college,  he  procured  the  abol- 
ishment of  the  professorshi])'!  of  divinity  and  ori- 
ental languages,  and  substituted  those  of  law,  of 
anatomy,  medicine,  and  chemistry,  and  of  modern 
languages.  After  being  governor  two  yi^ars, 
thinking  that  at  the  time  of  invasion  the  jjublic 
might  have  more  confidence  in  a  military  chief 
magistrate,  ho  resigned,  and  Gen.  Nelson  was  aj)- 
pointod  to  succeed  him. 

In  Se])t.,  1770,  the  state  of  his  family  induced 
him  to  decline  tho  appointment  then  made,  of 
commis.sioner,  with  Franklin  and  Deane,  to  nego- 
tiate treaties  with  France.  Dr.  Lee  was  appointed 
in  liis  place.  He  was  ap])ointed  on  the  commis- 
sion for  jicaco  June,  1781,  but  the  state  of  his 
family  again  kej)t  him  at  home.  Ho  was  again 
aiipointed  minister  i)leni])otentiary,  with  others, 
for  negotiating  peace,  Nov.  13,  17N2.  This  ho 
accepted,  having  two  months  before  lost  the  cher- 
ished comjianion  of  his  life,  with  whom  ho  had 
passed  "  ten  years  in  uneheckered  hap])incss." 
Hut  before  he  could  sail  lor  I'higland  news  was 
received  of  the  siguhig  of  a  jirovisional  treaty  of 
])eace.  He  therefore  was  excused  from  further 
proceeding,  and  returned  home  !May,  17S3.  He 
took  his  seat  at  Trenton  Nov.  4th,  in  congress, 
which  adjourned  the  same  day  to  Aiuuipolis.  In 
17S4  he  wrote  notes  on  the  ostablislnnent  of  a 
money-unit,  and  of  a  coinage  for  the  United 
Stales,  in  op])osition  to  the  views  of  Robert  Moi- 
ris,  the  financier,  or  of  his  as.'^istanl,  dloverncur 
Morris.  He  pro])osed  the  money-system  now  in 
use.  To  him  we  are  indebted  for  the  dollar  as  the 
unit,  and  the  very  convenient  decimal  divisions, 
and  om'  jjresent  pieces  of  coin,  'i'his  was  an  im- 
poi  tant  service. 

As  a  member  of  congress  Mr.  Jefferson  made 
few  si)ceclies.  He  remarks  :  "I  served  with  Gen. 
AVashinglon  in  the  legislature  of  Virginia  before 
the  Revolution,  and,  diu'ing  it,  with  Dr.  Franklin 
in  congress.  I  never  heard  either  of  them  s]ieak 
ten  minutes  at  a  time,  uor  to  any  but  the  main 


JEFFERSON. 


JEFFERSON, 


473 


iioint,  which  wiis  to  decide  the  question.  Thoy 
laid  thtir  t'houliltTs  to  the  great  i>oiiits,  knowing 
that  tlie  "lie  ones  would  follow  of  theni^rlvos. 
If  t'' '  -nt  congress  errs  in  too  mucli  talking, 
how  •:■..  ^ .  be  otherwise  in  a  body  to  which  the 
peopL'  .itnd  one  hundred  and  fifty  lawyers,  whose 
trade  is  to  question  everytliing,  yield  nothing,  and 
talk  by  the  liour  ?  " 

In  May,  17H4,  he  was  appointed,  with  Adams 
and  Franklin,  a  minister  jilenipoteiitiary  to  nego- 
tiate treaties  of  commerce  with  foreign  nations. 
He  sailed  from  Boston  with  his  eldest  daughter, 
July  o,  in  the  Ceres,  a  merchant  shij).  After  a 
])leasant  voyage  of  nineteen  days  from  land  to 
land,  he  arrived  at  Cowes  July  2C>,  and  at  Paris 
Aug.  0th.  He  now  ])nnted  his  Notes  on  Virginia, 
for  which  he  had  been  collecting  information  shice 
17H1.  ])r.  Franklin  having  returned  hi  July, 
17S.j,!Mr.  Jefferson  was  ajipointed  his  successor 
at  I'aris,  in  which  station  he  continued  till  ho 
solicited  his  recall  in  ITStt,  in  ordei-  to  place 
his  daughters  in  the  society  of  their  friends.  He 
arrived  at  Norfolk  Nov.  2.'i.  While  at  I'jjijjington, 
in  C'hesteriield,  at  the  residence  of  Mr.  E])])es,  he 
received  from  President  Washington  the  ajipoint- 
nient  of  secretary  of  State.  At  Monticello  jiis 
eldest  daiighter  was  married  to  Tho.  M.  Ran- 
dol))h,  the  eldest  son  of  the  Tuckahoe  branch  of 
]landoli)hs,  afterwards  governor  of  Virghiia.  He 
arrived  at  New  York  March  21,  1790,  and  en- 
tered upon  the  duties  of  his  office.  On  his  way 
he  saw  for  the  last  time  the  venerable  Franklin, 
who  jiut  into  his  hands  a  narrative  of  his  negoti- 
ations with  the  British  ministry,  by  the  interven- 
tion of  Lord  Howe  and  his  sister.  This  jjaper 
Mr.  J.  delivered  to  W.  T.  Franklin  after  Frank- 
lin's death.  He  ai)prehcnded  it  was  suppressed 
bv  the  British  government,  and  not  published  by 
liis  grandson.  In  the  oiKcc  of  secretary  of  State 
Mr.  Jeli'erson  continued  till  the  close  of  Dec,  17iW, 
when  he  resigned.  He  was  op])osed  to  the  funding 
svstem  and  other  measures  of  the  administration, 
and  became  the  head  of  the  reiiublican  ])arty. 

In  a  letter  to  Gen.  Knox,  Aug.  10,  1791,  he 
maintained,  "that  the  Indians  have  aright  to  the 
occujialion  of  their  lands,  indejjendent  of  the 
States  within  whose  chartered  Ihnits  thoy  ha])i)en 
to  be  J  "  that  without  their  consent  "  no  act  of  a 
State  can  give  a  right  to  such  lands;"  and  that 
j^overnment  will  think  itself  bound  to  remove  un- 
allowed settlements  '■  by  the  public  force." 

In  his  retirement  at  Monticello  Mr.  J.  says,  in 
I'eb.,  179-1 :  "  1  indulge  myself  in  one  particular 
t()))ie  only;  that  is,  in  declaring  to  my  countrymen 
the  shameless  corru])tion  of  a  portion  of  the  rep- 
resentatives of  the  first  and  second  congress,  and 
their  implicit  devotion  to  the  treasury." 

On  some  a])i)ohitment  being  offered   him   by 
Washington,  in  Se])t.,  1794,  he  re])lied  to  the  sec- 
retary, "  No  circumstances  will  ever  more  tempt 
60 


me  to  engage  in  anything  j)ublic."  To  Mr.  Mad- 
ison, in  Dec,  1791,  he  expressed  a  hope  that  his 
friend  might  reach  a  more  splendid  ])ost,  —  that 
of  ])res|dent  of  the  United  States  ;  adding,  "  I 
ought,  perhajis,  to  say,  while  I  would  not  give  up 
my  own  retirement  for  the  empire  of  the  universe, 
how  I  can  justify  wishing  one,  whose  hajipiness  I 
have  so  much  at  heart  as  yours,  to  take  the  front 
of  the  battle  which  is  fighting  for  my  security." 
April  27,  he  wrote  to  Mr.  Madison  on  the  subject 
of  a  republican  candidate  tor  ])resident :  "  There 
is  not  another  person  in  the  United  States,  who, 
being  jjlated  at  the  helm  of  our  aflair.s,  my  mind 
would  be  so  com])Ietely  at  rest  for  the  fortune  of 
our  political  bark.  .\s  to  myself,  the  subject  had 
been  thoroughly  weighed  and  decided  on,  and  my 
retirement  from  office  had  been  meant  from  all 
office,  high  or  low,  without  excepti(m." 

Mr.  Jefferson  was  chosen  viec-jiresident  at  the 
close  of  179(i.  Just  liefore  the  election  he  wrote 
to  Mr.  Madison, Dec.  17:  "The  first  wish  of  my 
heart  was,  that  you  should  have  been  projjosed 
for  the  administration  of  the  government.  On 
your  declining  it,  I  wish  anybody  rather  than  my- 
self; and  there  is  nothing  1  so  anxiously  hope,  as 
that  my  name  may  come  out  either  second  or 
third."  In  case  of  an  ecpial  division,  he  exj)ressed 
a  wish  that  congress  would  choose  Mr.  Adams. 
To  E.  Rutledge  he  also  wrote,  Dec.  27  :  "  I  retired 
much  jjoorer  than  when  I  entered  the  j)ublic  ser- 
vice, and  desired  nothing  but  rest  and  oblivion. 
My  name,  however,  was  again  l)rought  forward 
without  concert  or  expectation  on  my  part  (on  my 
salvation  I  declare  it).  I  do  not  yet  know  the  re- 
sult, as  a  matter  of  fact." 

Mr.  Jefferson  was  chosen  jircsidcnt  bj  congress 
in  Feb.,  1801,  he  and  Mr.  Burr  having  an  equal 
number  of  the  electoral  votes.  In  this  high  office 
he  continued  eight  years,  retiring  in  1809  to  Mon- 
ticello. There  he  passed  the  remainder  of  his 
days,  yet  devoting  the  last  years  of  his  life  to  the 
establishment  of  the  university  of  Virginia  at 
Charlottesville,  about  four  miles  from  Monticello. 
He  died  on  the  4th  of  July,  just  fifty  years  from 
the  date  of  the  I  )eclaration  of  Inde])endenco.  On 
the  same  day,  it  is  remarkable  that  Mr.  Adams 
also  (lied.  In  tlic  short  intervals  of  delirium  in 
his  last  hours  he  .seemed  to  dwell  on  the  events 
of  the  Revolution.  He  exclaimed,  "Warn  the 
conunittee  to  be  on  their  guard!"  For  the  most 
])art,  (luring  the  last  days  of  his  life,  his  reason 
was  inulisturlied.  He  ex))ress(d  the  anxious  wish 
that  he  might  see  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  Inde- 
)icndenee.  In  a  ])rivate  memorinidum  he  sug- 
gested that,  if  a  nionunient  sliould  be  erected,  it 
should  be  a  small  granile  oljclisk,  with  this  in- 
scri])tion:  "Here  lies  buried  Thomas  Jefferson, 
author  of  the  Declaration  of  Indejiendence,  of 
the  statutes  of  Virginia  for  religions  freedom,  and 
father  of  the  uni\  ersity  of  \'irginia."    The  young- 


474 


JEFFERSON. 


JEFFREIS. 


est  dauf,'litor  of  AFr.  J.,  who  married  Mr.  Epjics, 
died  nljout  May,  ISO  I,  loaviii;,'  two  childrtii.  Ilis 
bldcHt  diiu^^liter,  Martha,  iiiarriud  to  Mr.  Itan- 
doI])h,  was  left  with  cli'vcn  tliihh'cn.  Ite  was  nii 
cxtensivo  farnu'r.  Ho  liad  three  hiiiulred  and 
fifty  acres  of  corn,  as  many  of  elover,  and  tlie 
same  of  potatoes,  lieaiis,  and  ]ieasj  yet  there 
were  much  fjreatcr  Vir^'inia  ])lanters.  Some 
plantations  were  of  five  thousand  acres.  One 
master  iiad  seven  hundred  miserable  slaves  toiling 
for  his  j)rofit. 

Not  long  before  his  death  Mr.  Jcfierson  Aiu"ote 
an  essay  on  lotteries,  and  solicited  permission  of 
the  legislature  to  sell  his  pro])erty  at  its  just 
voluo  by  lottery,  that  he  might  be  able  to  pay  his 
debts.  A  lottery  was  granted  Feb.,  182(5.  It  was 
a  humiliating  exjiedient,  for,  undeniably,  all  lot- 
teries exert  a  most  baneful,  corruiiting  influence 
on  the  morals  of  the  i)eople,  and  several  of  our 
States  have  on  this  account  interdicted  them. 
Relief  by  public  charity  would  have  been  no  dis- 
honor ;  but  the  request  of  a  lottery  is  no  credit  to 
his  jihilanthropy.  His  library  was  ])urchased  by 
congress  in  1815,  0,000  vols,  for  24,000  dollars. 

Mr.  Jefferson  was  tall,  with  a  mild  countenance, 
a  light  complexion,  and  hair  inclined  to  red.  He 
V/aa  interesting  in  social  intercourse,  but  not  elo- 
quent in  debate.  As  the  head  of  a  political  sect 
he  had  a  greater  sway  than  ever  any  man  had  in 
this  country,  excepting  Washington.  For  the  ac- 
complishment of  his  objects  he  s])ared  no  personal 
efforts  or  pecuniary  sacrifices.  He  wrote  nothing 
for  the  newspa])ers  himself;  but  in  Jan.,  1709,  he 
stimulated  E.  Pendleton  to  write  against  Adams' 
administration,  and  in  February  ho  wrote  to  Jlr. 
Madison :  "  The  engine  is  the  press.  Every 
man  must  lay  his  purse  and  his  jjen  under  con- 
tribution. As  to  the  former,  it  is  possible  I  may 
be  obliged  to  assume  something  for  you.  As  to 
the  latter,  let  me  pray  and  beseech  you  to  set 
apart  a  certain  portion  of  every  jjost  day  to  write 
what  may  be  proper  for  the  public.  Send  it  to 
me."  In  the  result  he  obtained  the  office  of  pres- 
ident. He  kept  his  friends,  for  ho  never  aban- 
doned them  and  gave  them  all  the  rewards  in 
his  power. 

The  blindness  of  Mr.  J.  on  the  subject  of  re- 
ligion, while  deejjly  lamented  by  the  admirers  of 
his  talents,  is  only  a  new  proof  that  "  the  wisdom 
of  this  world  is  foolishness  with  God."  He  seems 
to  have  believed  that  God  is  a  material  being, 
for  his  words  are  in  letter  154:  "To  say  that 
the  human  soul,  angels,  God  are  immaterial, 
is  to  say  that  they  are  nothings,  or  that  there 
is  no  God,  no  angels,  no  soul."  —  "When  once 
we  quit  the  basis  of  setisation,  all  is  in  the 
wind."  Yet  he  believed,  that  after  depositing  his 
material  body  in  the  grave,  he  should  "  ascend  in 
essence,"  and  be  a  "  looker-on  from  the  clouds 
above."    His  ignorance  of  the  disclosures  made 


I  in  the  gos])el,  —  to  say  nothing  of  his  sotting  him- 
self up,  like  Mahomet,  as  a  rival  teacher,  in  the 
,  comparison  which    he  makes  between    his  own 
doctrine  and  that  of  Jesus  Christ,  —  ought  not  to 
1)0  oveilookod  :  "  /  am  a  niatci-iiilist ;   /fr   talics 
the  side  of  s])iritualisni.     //<•  ])reatli('s  the  eilica^y 
(if  repentance  towards  the  forgiveness  of  sin  ;  f 
I  require  a  counterpoise  of  good  works  to   redeem 
i  it,"  kVc,  (letter  151).     Any    jicrson,  acquainted 
with  the  instructions  of  Jesus,  any  child  in  a  Sun- 
day school,  would  have  told  the  ])hilos<)])ber  that 
roiientanee  means  a  real  change  of  character,  im- 
plying the  jierformance  of  good  works,  aiul  that 
Jesus  required  men  to  bring  forth  "  fruits  meet 
for  rci)entanee." 

It  ajjpcars  most  clearly  from  his  letters,  that 
Mr.  J.  was  a  contemner  of  the  religion  of  tlu; 
gos])el.  The  amount  of  his  faith  seems  to  have 
been,  that  there  is  a  God,  and  that  there  will  be 
a  future  state  of  retril)ution.  The  standard  of 
duty,  in  his  view,  was  reason  or  instinctive  moral 
sense,  not  the  liible.  He  did  not  consider  how 
easily,  by  strong  j)assion  and  the  jiractico  of  evil, 
conscience  is  blinded  and  seared,  and  how  neces- 
sary religious  instruction  is  to  preserve  the  jiowcr 
of  the  moral  sense.  This  ])hilosopher  imagined 
that  ho  foimd  in  the  gosjjol,  among  mony  ])asf;a- 
ges  of  correct  morality,  "  Much  untruth,  charla- 
tanism, and  inqiosture,"  and  ho  regarded  I'aiil 
as  the  chief  of  "  the  band  of  dupes  and  impos- 
tors," and  the  "  first  corrupter  of  the  doctrines  of 
Jesus."  And  so  he  gravely  attom])ts  "  to  winnow 
the  grain  from  the  ehafl'."  He  speaks  of  the  min- 
isters of  the  gos])el  of  various  sects  thus  :  "  ^^'o 
have  most  unwisely  committed  to  the  hieroi)hants 
of  our  particular  suptrstitian  the  direction  of 
public  opinion,  that  lord  of  the  universe.  AVe 
have  given  them  stated  and  jirivileged  days  to 
collect  and  catechise  us,  opj)ortuuities  of  deli\x'r- 
ing  their  oracles  to  the  people  in  mass,"  &c.  AA'ith 
these  views  of  the  gospel,  he,  of  course,  when  he 
died,  could  not  be  cheered  with  the  hopes  wliieh 
are  founded  ujion  a  belief  that  Jesus  Chri.st  Avas 
the  son  of  God.  There  is  no  Christian  on  the 
earth,  who  would  die  as  he  died.  He  published 
summary  view  of  the  rights  of  l!ritii;h  America, 
2d.  edit.,  1774  j  declaration  of  independence, 
177G;  notes  on  Virginia,  1781 ;  manual  of  jiarlii- 
mentary  ])ractico,  for  the  use  of  the  senate ;  li'e 
of  Capt.  Lewis,  1814;  some  papers  in  American 
l)hilosoj)hical  transactions,  iv.  His  works,  chielly 
letters,  wore  jiublished  by  his  grandson,  Thomas 
Jefferson  Randoljih,  4  vols.,  8vo.,  1829. 

JEFFRIES,  John,  M.I).,  a  physician,  died 
Sept.  16,  1819,  aged  75.  He  was  the  sou  of  Da- 
vid Jeffries,  and  was  born  in  Boston  Feb.  5,  1744. 
After  graduating  at  Harvard  college  in  17CU,  ho 
studied  jihysic  with  Dr.  Lloyd,  and  afterwards  at- 
tended the  medical  schools  of  Groat  IJritain. 
From  1771  to  1774  he  was  the  surgeon  of  a  ship 


JENIFER. 


JEXNISON. 


475 


of  till.'  lliip,  lyiiif;  in  Hostim  liarljor.  ITIs  scrvicos 
were  iT(iuirc(l  l)y  llui  Itiiiiuli  foniinaiuk'r  for  the 
wounded  at  tli(;  Ijalllu  of  liuiikcr  liill.  llavin;^ 
nc'coniiiiinitil  the  liiitish  (,':iriison  to  Ilalifiix  in 
177(;,  lie  \v;i.s  iiiijiointeil  sui'},'eon-;,'L'iu'ral  to  the 
fortes  of  Nova  Scolia,  and  also  a))otliocary-f,'en- 
eral.  He  went  to  J'.ii;,'land  in  177!<,  and  heln;; 
appointed  siir^'eon-inajor  to  the  forces  in  America, 
lie  repaired  to  Charleston  and  New  York.  At 
the  close  of  1780  he  resij^ned  and  commenced 
the  ]iractiee  of  his  i)rofession  in  London.  Jaiiii- 
ary  7,  17S.3,  ho  crossed  the  Ijrilish  channel  from 
Dover  to  the  forest  of  Guines  in  a  halloon.  This 
exploit  procured  him  many  friends  in  I'aris  and 
London,  liut  in  1  TOO  he  was  induced  to  resume 
his  ])rofcssioii  in  his  native  country  and  town, 
lie  kejit  for  more  than  forty  years  a  medical  and 
surgical  diaiy.  An  inllammation,  originating  in 
a  liernia,  which  was  caused  hy  his  cflbrts  in  his 
first  aerial  voyage  in  1784,  caused  his  death.  ^le 
j)ublished  a  narrative  of  his  two  aerial  vojagcs, 
London,  IIHG.— ThacJicr,  316-324. 

JEXIFEU,lXvNiEL,died  at  Port  Tobacco,  Md., 
]lcc.  2o,  \Hoo,  at  an  advanced  age,  a  respected 
and  honored  citizen,  lie  was  minister  to  Aus- 
tria, api)ointed  hy  Harrison. 

JENISON,  Silas  11.,  governor  of  Vermont,  died 
ill  Shoreham  in  1849,  an  esteemed  and  valuable 
citizen. 

Jl'.N'KS,  JosKl'il,  governor  of  Ilhode  Island, 
was  the  son  of  Joseph  J.  of  Pawtucket,  who  l)uilt 
there  the  first  house,  and  grandson  of  Josej)!!  J., 
a  blacksmith,  who  came  from  England  to  Lynn 
about  IGlo,  and  died  in  1C83.  He  was  born  in 
lO.jO  i  was  governor,  after  C'rnnston,  from  17127 
to  17312;  and  died  June  lo,  1740,  aged  83.  His 
brother,  AVilliam,  a  judge,  died  in  17C.J,  aged  90; 
liis  brother,  I'jbenczer,  was  a  minister  at  Provi- 
dence. Gov.  J.  was  a  member  of  the  Baptist 
church  and  a  zealous  Christian.  His  skeleton 
Avas  disinterred  at  Pawtucket  in  July,  1831,  and 
after  ninety-one  years  was  found  nearly  entire. 
His  thigh  bones  measured  eighteen  inches.  He 
was  the  tallest  man  in  lUiode  Island,  standing 
seven  feet  two  inches  without  his  shoes. 

JENKINS,  John,  a  teacher  of  the  art  of  pen- 
manship, died  at  AVilmington,  Delaware,  in  Oct., 
18122,  aged  07.  He  was  formerly  of  Boston.  He 
published  the  art  of  writing  reduced  to  a  plain 
and  easy  system  on  a  plan  entirely  new,  second 
edition,  1813.  He  was  the  first  who  reduced  the 
art  to  a  system.  AVrifibrd,  Dean,  Townes  and 
Carstairs  followed  his  analysis.  His  book  re- 
ceived the  most  ample  testimonials  to  its  une- 
qualled excellence  from  many  distinguished  men. 

JENKINS,  CiuuLES,  minister  of  Portland, 
Maine,  died  Dec.  29,  1831,  aged  45.  He  was 
born  in  Barre,  Mass.,  in  1780,  and  was  graduated 
at  Williams  college  in  1813.     He  was  afterwards 


prccc])tor  of  the  academy  at  Wcstficld  ;  in  1810 
lie  was  ap])ointid  tutor  at  the  college;  he  was  set- 
tled in  the  ministry  at  (ireenficld,  Mass.,  in  1820, 
and  installed  at  Portland,  as  the  minister  of  the 
third  eongregatioiuil  society,  in  1H2'<.  After  a 
short  illness  he  died  of  the  prevailing  influenza, 
lie  was  highly  esteemed  and  exerting  a  most  im- 
Ijortant  and  bencfieial  inlluence,  when  he  was  re- 
moved from  life.  His  mind  was  of  an  original 
CtiHl  and  very  fertile  and  vigorous.  With  a  rich 
jioelical  fancy,  he  gave  an  interest  to  the  subjects 
of  his  discussion.  Sniuetimes,  however,  he  failed 
ill  Miniilicity  of  ^tyl^■  and  in  adapting  his  method 
of  instruction  sufliciently  to  the  understandings 
of  minds  less  elevated  than  his  own.  With  some 
delect  of  this  kind,  which  is  to  hv  a,scril)cd  in  jiart 
to  his  very  originality,  he  was  yet  a  most  faithful 
and  useful  iireachcr,  and  made  himself  under- 
stood in  the  hearts  of  the  hypocriticld  and  tho 
sinful.  Disregarding  the  world's  ap|)lause,  he 
steadily  pursued  the  jiath  of  duty,  declaring  tho 
whole  counsel  of  God,  and  seeking  in  every  way 
to  advance  the  power  of  the  gosijcl.  He  pub- 
lished three  sermons  on  the  obligations,  duties, 
and  blessings  of  the  Sabbath,  with  remarks  on 
tho  report  in  congress  on  Sabbath  mails,  1830; 
a  sermon  on  the  elevated  nature  of  true  piety,  in 
the  national  preacher,  Dec,  1831.  A  volume  of 
his  sermons  was  jiublished  after  liis  death. — 
C/trinli'iii  Minor,  Jan.  ij,  1832. 

Jl'.NKINS,  Saxiumi.,  died  at  Lancaster,  Ohio, 
Feb.  4,  1849,  aged  llu.  Born  in  1734,  the  slave 
of  Cajit.  Broadwater,  of  Fairfax  county,  Va.,  ho 
drove  a  wagon  in  Braddock's  campaign.  lie  had 
lieen  free  forty  years. 

Jl'.NKS,  Da.mkl,  chief  justice  of  Providence 
county  court,  11. 1.,  died  in  July,  1774,  aged  72. 
Born  in  Pawtucket,  he  was  judge  nearly  thirty 
years  ;  and  from  his  youth  a  member  of  a  Baptist 
church. 

JENNEU,  Thomas,  a  preacher  at  Weymouth 
and  elsewhere,  was  admitted  a  freeman  in  163G, 
and  was  a  representative  in  1040.  Ho  was  the 
minister  of  W.  from  1030  to  1040. 

JENNESS,  lliciiAUi),  died  at  Deerfield,  N.  IL, 
in  1819,  aged  73.  He  was  a  senator  and  a  judge 
of  tho  common  pleas. 

JI2NNINGS,  OiiADiAU,  D.  D.,  minister  at  Nash- 
uUe,  Tenn.,  died  Jan.  12,  1832,  aged  52. 

JENNINGS,  JoXATii.\.v,  the  first  governor  of 
Indiana,  died  near  Charlestown,  July,  1835.  He 
had  been  a  member  of  congress. 

JENNINGS,  Samuel  K.,  M.  D.,  died  at  Bal- 
timore in  Oct.,  1854,  aged  84.  He  was  one  of 
tlie  founders  of  the  Methodist  church,  and  for 
years  a  professor  in  the  medical  college  of  Phila- 
deljjhia. 

JENNISON,  WiLLL\M,  minister  of  the  east 
chm-ch  in  Salem,   died  in   1750,  aged  45.    He 


i 


476 


JENXISOX. 


Rrndiintod  nt  Fliirviinl  in  17:21,  niui  was  niiiiistor 
in  S.  fioin  172S  to  17:!(i.  His  Hutcessors  witc 
JJiinini,  ItcMtliy,  mimI  I'liiit. 

JKNNISON,  \\'||,I,IAM,  !i  ti'ac'hcT,  dii'd  in  Itos- 
ton  Dec.  1,  Ism,  a^'cd  HO.  Ho  whh  a  Kraduafi- 
of  Harvard  in  1771,  and  was  once  a  teaclicr  in 
New  Itrnnswick,  I'a.,  nn<l  I. a. 

JK.NNISOX,  Timothy  I,.,  M.  ]).,  died  at  Cam- 
bridge in  1K1,-|,  a^'cd  abont  H2 ;  a  (graduate  of 
17H2. 

JKllOM]",,  Ajiasa,  minister  of  'Wadsworth, 
Ohio,  died  snddenl.v  at  Xew  Hartford,  Conn.,  in 
lH',i'2,  aged  .j7.  Horn  at  .Stockhridge,  Mass.,  he 
grndnated  at  ■\Viilianis  college  in  17!)S,  and  was 
settled  at  Xew  Hartford  in  1802,  whence  after 
eleven  years  he  was  dismissed  on  account  of  ill 
heallh.  —  Spraijw's  Aniiiiln. 

Jl'^Wiyrr,  Jicdidiah,  minister  of  llowley,  died 
in  1771,  aged  (!H.  JJorn  in  ]l.,  he  was  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1720,  and  settled  over  the  first 
clun'ch  in  172!)  as  the  successor  of  Kdward  I'ay- 
son.  He  puljlished  a  sermon  at  the  ordination 
of  1).  Ta))iian. 

JEWjyrT,  David,  minister  of  Montville, 
Conn.,  died  in  17H.'J,  aged  00.  He  was  a  native 
of  ]{()wley,  a  graduate  of  Harvard  in  1730;  or- 
dained Oct.  3,  1730,  just  seventeen  years  fi-oni 
the  installation  of  James  Hillhousc.  Montville 
was  then  Xew  London,  second  church.  lie  was 
an  accomi)lished  gentleman,  a  good  scholar,  and 
an  eloquent  jjrcaeher.  During  his  ministry  one 
hundred  and  twenty-nine  were  added  to  the  church ; 
also  twenty-one  Indians  living  at  Mohcgan  within 
the  town  of  Montville,  whose  names  were  nearly 
all  as  follows :  Cyrus  and  wife,  widow  Shokket, 
Sarah  Junco,  Lucy  Junco,  Henry  Cochquid,  Jof  hua 
Nonesuch,  Hannah  Nonesuch,  Andrew  Tantapan, 
Joe  Tanner,  Betty  Occom,  Lizzy  Nimrod,  Lucy 
Cochcgtui,  John  Ninnipoomc,  Sarah  Occom,  Anne 
Uncas,  Hannah  Coojjcr,  Sam  Ashpo.  After  1740 
Ashjjo  set  up  a  separate  worship  at  Mohcgan ; 
other  Indian  preachers  followed  him,  the  last  of 
whom  was  John  Cooper.  Occom  preached  to 
this  church. 

Immediately  after  the  death  of  Mr.  Jewctt's 
son,  Dr.  David  II.  Jewctt,  in  1814  there  was  a 
revival,  in  which  sixty  were  in  a  few  months  added 
to  the  church.  May  0,  1823,  the  meeting-house, 
standing  on  Raymond  hill,  was  struck  by  light- 
ning and  two  persons  were  killed.  There  soon 
followed  a  great  revival,  in  which  one  hundred 
persons  were  added  to  tlic  church  in  one  year. 

JEWEIT,  David,  minister  of  llockport,  Mass., 
died  at  the  house  of  his  son-in-law,  Kev.  Mr. 
Whitney,  at  Waltham  Jidyl4,  1841,  aged  nearly 
68.  Born  in  lIonis,N.  IL,  he  graduated  at  Dart- 
mouth in  1801,  and  was  settled  successor  of  E. 
Cleaveland  Oct.  30,  1805.  His  faithful  and  suc- 
cessful labors  continued  thirty-one  years,  when 
from  ill  health  he  resigned  his  office.     His  church 


JOHN. 

in^rra^:('d  from  ten  members  to  more  than  two 
hundred  and  lift  j .  .\niidst  a  flood  of  I'niversalism 
and  I'nit.irianiMn,  which  overflowed  cajje  Ann,  he 
was  the  instrument  in  I'rovidence  of  saving  his 
(Inn ch  from  being  wrecked ;  and  to  him  great  is 
the  debt  of  gratitude  from  the  Orthodox  church 
of  (iloucester  and  two  churches  of  l{ock])()rt.  A 
most  interesting  event  was  the  burial  of  his  re- 
mains at  It.  after  fifteen  years.  His  son,  William 
11.  Jewelt  of  riynioutb,  X.  H.,  ))reacbcd  the  ser- 
mon on  the  occasion,  July  13,  1H.J0;  then  at  the 
grave  made  an  address,  which  was  resjjonded  to 
on  the  ])art  of  the  jjcople  by  Dr.  Benjamin  Has- 
kell. His  widow,  who  was  Miss  Heed  of  Marble- 
head,  still  lives.  The  handsome  granite  monu- 
ment was  erected  at  the  ex])ense  of  his  grateful 
])eo])lc,  who  remembered  his  virtues  ;  and  he  now 
sleeps  in  the  midst  of  their  fathers,  his  former 
flock.  1  le  was  a  man  of  childlike  simplicity  and 
Christian  tenderness,  but  of  an  iron  purpose, 
resolute,  fearless,  unmovable. 

JEWiyiT,  Tiio-Mas,  Dr.,  an  Infidel  reclaimed, 
died  in  Bindge,  N.  H.,  April  24,  1840,  aged  09. 
Until  seven  or  eight  years  before  his  death  he 
was  an  Infidel  and  Universalist ;  but  in  1833  he, 
out  of  regard  to  his  family,  burnt  his  Infidel 
books.  As  soon  as  his  last  book  was  in  ashes,  he 
felt,  for  the  first  time,  a  sense  of  guilt,  which  led 
him  to  accept  the  gospel.  He  died  in  peace. 
The  tract,  301,  "  the  Infidel  reclaimed,"  relates  to 
him.  In  his  sickness  he  talked  earnestly  with 
hundreds,  who  called  to  see  him.  Among  his 
last  words  were  those  :  "  All  is  light ;  I  seem  to 
look  right  into  heaven."  —  "  O,  the  joy  and  ])eace 
in  believing ! "  —  "I  long  to  drink  of  the  water 
that  flows  from  God  and  the  Lamb." 

JEWETT,  JosKPii,  colonel,  died  in  Ashburn- 
ham  May  3, 1840,  aged  So.  He  served  in  several 
campaigns  in  the  war  of  independence ;  his  life 
was  useful,  and  he  was  regarded  as  the  father  of 
the  town.  At  the  age  of  70  he  made  a  profes- 
sion of  his  faith  in  Christ. 

JEWETT,  Is-uc  A.,  died  in  Keene,  N.  IL,  in 
1803,  aged  44.  Born  in  Burlington,  Vt.,  he  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  in  1830,  and  was  a  lawyer  in 
Cincinnati  and  New  Orleans.  In  his  last  years 
he  lived  at  the  north.  He  published  passages  in 
foreign  travel,  2  vols. ;  and  wrote  letters  from  tho 
West  Indies,  published  in  the  Christian  Ilegister 
about  18u0. 

JIM,  a  negro,  died  in  Shreveport  April  19, 
18o6,  aged  124  years  and  nearly  4  months :  born 
a  slave  of  John  Carter  in  Fredericksburg,  Va., 
Dec.  24,  1731. 

JOHN,  an  Indian  sagamore,  lived  a  Winnc- 
simet  at  the  first  settlement  of  Boston  u^  1630, 
and  was  one  of  the  principal  chiefs  of  the  Matta- 
chusetts.  He  was  courteous  and  friendly  to  the 
new  settlers,  and  endeavored  to  learn  their  lan- 
guage.  In  1632  thcTarratines  or  Eastern  Indians 


JOHN. 


JOIIXSOX. 


477 


from  tlio 
Register 


Winnc- 


woundcd  him.  In  Ifill.T  he  nnd  most  of  his  ))ro- 
])U'  ilit'il  of  tlic  smiill  j  IX  :  he  s;ii(l,  •'  I  must  (lie. 
thi'  Cjod  of  ihc  I'.n^jlisli  is  much  i\n;,'ry  with  luc, 
nnd  will  di'stroy  mv."  To  Mr.  AV'iison,  who 
visited  him  in  liis  sicliiiess,  hi'  ^jiivc  his  son  to  lie 
faufjht  the  Cliristinti  relifjion. — 2  l/isl.  I'ull.  in. 
1127  ;  VI.  (i.iO. 

.lOIlN,  m\  old  nrjfro,  died  lit  Wnshington  city 
Ajiril  H,  1H;!,S,  iip;ed  11.'),  (h-owiied  in  the  canal. 

.lOIIN'KS,  Timothy,]).  1).,  a  minister  in  Mor- 
ristown,  X.  J.,  fifty-three  years,  died  in  ITIH.a^ed 
nearly  HO.  He  was  graduated  at  Yale  in  IT.I". 
From  his  hand  Washinf^ton  received  the  Bacrn- 
meiit,  as  is  related  hy  Sj)arks. 

.lOHXS, .[r.iiir.i., died  in  lluntinfjton,  Vt.,.\n;r. 
12,  18  JO,  a;,'ed  H,j.  Ho  built  tlie  first  h)g  houHt- 
in  H..  and  l)ron;,'ht  his  family  in  l"N(i, 

JOHXSOX,  IsAAf,  one  of  the  founders  of  Mns- 
sacliusefts,  was  a  native  of  Clipsham,  county  of 
llutland,  ]Mif,'land,  and  arrived  at  Salem  .Tune  V2, 
UuW,  with  Gov.  Winthrop  in  the  eliief  ship  of 
the  fleet,  formerly  the  Kajfle,  hut  now  named  the 
Arhella  in  honor  of  his  wife.  In  July  he,  with 
the  {j^overnor  and  other  f^entlemen,  proceeded  to 
Charlestown.  July  liOtli  was  a  day  of  fasting',  and 
the  church  of  IJostnn  was  founded  nt  Charles- 
town  ;  the  four  jiersons,  who  entered  into  cove- 
nant and  laid  the  foundation  of  the  church,  were 
Gov.  AVinthro]),  ]  )eputy-';ovcrnor  Dudley,  Mr. 
Johnson,  and  Mr.  Wilson,  afterwards  tlic  minister. 
Five  more  were  added  August  1.  The  want  of 
good  water  at  Charlestown  induced  Mr.  Johnson 
and  others  to  remove  to  Shawmnt,  or  Hoston, 
where  was  "an  excellent  spring."  In  August  his 
wife  died  at  Salem  :  for  an  account  of  her  see  tlie 
next  article.  At  the  second  court  of  assistants 
in  Charlestown,  Sept.  7,  Mr.  Johnson  was  jiresent. 
Boston  was  settled  under  liis  conduct.  He  died 
there  on  Thursday,  Sejit.  30,  1G30.  "  He  was  a 
holy  man  nnd  wise,  and  died  in  sweet  peace ; 
leaving  part  of  his  suhstanco  to  the  colony.  He 
made  a  most  godly  end  ;  dying  willingly  ;  pro- 
fessing his  life  better  sjient  in  promoting  this 
])lantation,  than  it  could  have  been  any  other 
way."  He  had  the  largest  estate  of  any  of  the 
settlers,  and  was  "  the  greatest  furtlieror  of  this 
plantation."  His  lot  in  Boston  was  the  square 
between  Trcmont,  School,  and  Queen  streets  and 
Cornhill ;  nnd  he  was  buried  nt  the  upper  end  of 
his  lot,  which  gave  occasion  for  the  first  burying- 
place  to  be  laid  out  around  his  grave.  This  is 
now  called  the  stone  chapel  grave-yard.  His 
house  was  on  a  hill  near  Trcmont  street. — 
Piincp,  318-;J33. 

JOIIXSOX,  ARnEl.LA,  wife  of  the  j)receding, 
came  with  him  to  Salem  in  June,  1G30,  and  died 
about  .\tig.  3()th,  probably  of  a  prevailing  infec- 
tious fever,  contracted  on  shipboard,  and  of  which 
many  died.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Thomas, 
thud  carl  of  Lincoln,  who  died  in  1G19,  and  sis- 


ter of  Tlieo])hihis,  the  fourth   earl.     Her   sister. 
l''ranc('s.   marrliil   John,  son  of  Sir  I'crdinando 
(ioi'gesj  hi  r  sJstiT,  Sus^in,  niarrii'd   Jiilin   Hum- 
jihrey.     She  hat  bren  iiMiilly  r:illrd  tiie  liuly  .\r- 
bella,  and  it  was  in  lionor  of  lur  that  theailmirnl 
shi]i  of  Winthnip's  fleet,  before  called  the  I'.agle, 
received   the   name   of  the  .\rbella.     'I'he  word, 
iudi'i'il,   by   Johnson,  Mather,  Xeal,  Hutchinson, 
and   almost  all   our  bislniiaus,  eMcptinf;   I'lince, 
lias  licoii  wiittcn   .Arabella.     Mr.  Savage,  in   his 
editiiin   of  Wiuljiro])  in    IS'J"),  has   insisted  upon 
the  propriety  of  Ibliowiiig  I'rince,  whose  accuracy 
is  nnqiiestiimed,  and  who,  doubtless,  in  the  man- 
uscripts of  which   he   made  use,  found   the   form 
.\ibella,  as  ])rintcd  in  his  annals.     Mr.  Savage 
testifies  that  tlie  word  is  so  written  in  the  original 
note  of  the  meeting   of  the  assistants  on   board 
this  sbi]) ;  that  A\'lnlliroi)  so  wrote  the  word,  and 
that  Gov.  Dudley  so  wrote  it    in  a   letter  to  the 
countess  of  Lincoln,  the  mother  of  the  lady.     I 
am  able  to  strengthen   the  cause  l)y  a  new  argu- 
ment.    The  lady  Arbella  Johnsoii  was  ]irobiilily 
named  after  the  lady  known  as  the  lady  Arabella 
Stuart,  who  died  in  the  tower  about  twenty  years 
before  the  settlement  of  Massachusetts.     In  re- 
spect to  her  name,  the  I'.nglish  historians  gener- 
ally have  fallen  into  a  mistake.     Her  name  ought 
to  be  written  Arbella,   and   for   these  reasons: 
Kchard  quotes  the  indictment  against  ]{aleigh, 
etc.,  for  sedition  and  "setting  uj)  the  lady  Ar- 
bella  Stuart."    Tims   he  wrote   the   name,  and 
thus,  doulitless,  he  found  it  in  the  record.     ^lore- 
over,  some  years  ago,  in  examining  an  English 
book,  I  met  with  a  fac  simile  of  this  lady's  method 
of  writing  her  own  name  after  her  marriage  to 
Seymour,  and  the  cojiy   stands   thus :  "  Arbella 
Seymnure."    We  ought,  then,  to  be  satisfied,  that 
.\rbella  was  the  name  of  Isaac  Johnson's  wife,  and 
the  name  on  the  stern  of  the  admiral  ship.     Shall 
we  now  so  write  the  name,  or  shall  we  nccommo- 
datc  the  orthography  to  what  was  j)robably  the  pro- 
nunciation of  the  Knglish,  who  now  give,  in  some 
eases,  a  iieculiar  sound  to  the  letter  i;  which  wo 
are  not  accustomed  to  give  ?     Can  we  hope  to  in- 
duce the  English  to  write  .\rbella  Stuani'     Shall 
we  divide  into  the  two  belligerous  factions  of  Ar- 
bcllans  and  Arahellans,  and  dispute,  like  the  the- 
ologians of  old,  about  a  single  letter?    Or  shall 
we  fall  in  with  the  modern  reformer,  who  stands 
up  for  the  primitive  writing,  and  dares  not  substi- 
tute custom  for  the  record!'     Dr.  Tlolmes,  in  his 
second  edition,  has  come  out  an  Arbellan.     Mr. 
Farmer,  though  contrary  to  his  own  antiipiarian 
principles,  is  an  Arabellan.     For  my  part,  I  have 
concluded  to  be  tolerant,  —  especially  as  in  my 
book  I  happen   to   present  the   word  in   both 
forms,  —  and  will  embrace  the  partisans  of  both 
sides  in  the  compass  of  my  charity.  —  Hitvtiyc'a 
Winthrop,  1. 1, 34  j  /V«»jce,  314  j  Holmes ;  i.  20G ; 
Farmer, 


\ 


478 


JOHNSON. 


II 


JOHNSON,  EDWAni),  cnpfnin,  nn  cnrly  New 
England  historian,  ilicd  April  'J.'),  Hi"'-',  nf^i'd, 
probably,  upwards  of  70.  He  raiuc  Ironi  Ilcriic- 
Ilill,  a  parish  in  Kent,  in  HJIJO,  ])robably  in  the 
fleet  of  Gov.  Winthrop,  for,  Oct.  1!),  he  was 
anionf^  the  petitioners  to  he  admitted  ns  freemen. 
In  1032  he  was  at  .Merrimae,  residing?  there  under 
a  license  to  trade,  hut  his  usual  residence  was 
Chnrlestown.  When  it  was  determined  to  erect 
a  new  town,  and  church,  now  called  Wohurn,  he 
was  one  of  the  committee  for  that  purjiose.  In 
May,  l(il2,  the  town  was  incoriiorated ;  it  Jiad 
been  called  "  Ciiarlestowu  villa},'e."  Auj,'.  14  the 
churcli  was  formed,  and  Mr.  Carter  ordained 
Nov.  22.  In  1013  ho  went  with  Cui)t.  Cook  and 
forty  men  to  Providence,  to  seize  Gorton.  In 
the  same  year  he  was  chosen  rejjresentative,  and 
was  annually  re-elected,  excepting  1C4H,  fill  1G71. 
He  was  the  speaker  of  the  liousc  in  1G55.  At 
the  incorporation  of  the  town  he  was  chosen  re- 
corder, and  he  kejjt  the  records  of  the  town  until 
about  a  year  before  his  death.  In  IGGj  he  was 
appointed  on  the  committee  with  Ikadstrcot;  Dun- 
forth,  and  others,  to  meet  the  commissioners, 
Nicolls,  Carr,  etc.,  who  had  been  sent  from  Eng- 
land. He  loft  five  sons,  —  Edward,  George,  Wil- 
liam, Matthew,  and  John, — two  of  whom  were 
tepresentatives  of  Woburn.  His  descendants  are 
numerous  in  Woburn  and  Burlington.  John 
Farmer,  the  author  of  the  New  England  Gene- 
alogical llegister,  was  a  descendant.  Capt.  John- 
son was  the  author  of  a  history  of  Massachusetts 
from  1628  to  lGo2,  which  is  of  great  value,  not- 
Wthstanding  the  imperfections  of  its  style.  Its 
title  is,  history  of  New  England  from  the  English 
planting  in  1G28  till  lG52j  or,  wonder-working 
Providence  of  Zion's  Saviour,  4to.,  London,  1654. 
It  has  been  reprinted  in  the  historical  collections, 
second  series,  vols,  ii.,  in.,  iv.,  vii.,  viii.,  in  which 
work  it  fills  about  230  pages.  Short  pieces  of 
poetry  are  intersj)ersed  in  the  work,  as  a  kind  of 
sonnets  on  individuals,  and  in  other  forms, 
amounting  to  about  1200  lines.  We  should  be 
glad  at  the  present  day  to  exchange  this  jioetry 
for  a  plain  narrative  of  facts. — Farmer;  Chick- 
ering's  Dedication  Sermon. 

JOHNSON,  Is.uc,  captain,  of  Roxbuiy,  was 
one  of  the  six  captains  slain  by  the  Indians  at  the 
capture  of  Narragansett  fort,  Dec.  19,  1675. 

JOHNSON,  WiLLi.^M,  major,  the  son  of  Ed- 
ward, died  at  AVoburn,  ^Ias.s.,  in  1704.  He  was 
a  firm,  inflexible  assistant  under  the  old  colony 
charter. — Collections  of  Farmer  Sf  Moore,  vol.  i. 

JOHNSON,  Nathaniel,  Sir,  governor  of  South 
Carolina  seven  or  eight  years,  died  in  1713.  He 
had  been  a  soldier  and  a  member  of  the  house 
of  commons,  and  from  1C86  to  1689  governor  of 
the  leeward  islands,  Nevis,  St.  Christopher,  etc. 
He  first  came  to  Carolina  as  a  private  individual, 
and  engaged  in  various  projects,  is  the  culture  of 


JOHNSON. 

silk,  of  grapes,  of  rice,  the  mamifacturo  of  siilt, 
the  l)uilding  of  mills.  He  procured  a  Icjral  es- 
tablishment of  the  l".i)iscop;d  church,  alllioiij,'h 
the  majority  of  the  ])eo|)le  were  o])posed,iuul  was 
the  means  of  introducing  one  hundred  I',]  isioi  al 
clergymen  and  forming  parochial  lilirnrii"-.  'i'iie 
fort  he  built  on  the  east  end  of  James  Uhuid 
bears  his  name. 

JOllN'SOX,  KoiiKRT,  governor  of  South  Caro- 
lina, died  at  Charleston  May  3,  173.).  He  was 
governor  in  1719,  and  again  from  1730  till  the 
period  of  his  death.  In  1731  he  negotiated  a 
treaty  with  the  Cherokees.  He  proved  himself 
an  efficient  friend  of  Mr.  Oglethor|)e  and  the  iirst 
settlers  of  Georgia  on  their  arrival  at  Charleston, 
the  assembly,  at  his  suggestion,  furnishing  them 
with  one  hundred  and  four  head  of  cattle,  twenty- 
five  hogs,  twenty  barrels  of  rice,  and  ten  horse- 
men rangers  for  their  jjrotection.  The  settlement 
of  I'urrysburgh,  by  six  hundred  Swiss  under  Col. 
Peter  Purry,  was  made  in  his  administration. 

JOHNSON,  Gabrikl,  governor  of  North  Car- 
olina, remained  in  office  from  Nov.,  1734,  till  his 
death  in  1752.  In  his  administration  much  was 
done  for  the  establishment  of  order  and  the  en- 
couragement of  learning  and  religion,  and  the 
colony  prospered. 

JOHNSON,  William,  minister  in  Newbury, 
Mass.,  died  in  1772,  aged  65.  Horn  in  N.,  he 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1727,  and  was  settled  in 
1732  ov2r  the  fourth  church.  His  successor  was 
Dr.  Tappan. 

JOHNSON,  Samuel,  D.  D.,  first  president  of 
King's  college.  New  York,  died  Jan.  6, 1772,  aged 
75.  He  was  born  in  Guilford,  Conn.,  Oct.  14, 
1G96,  and  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1714.  In 
Oct.,  17 IG,  the  trustees  and  general  court  di- 
rected the  college  to  be  removed  to  New  Haven, 
and  Mr.  Johnson  was  chosen  a  tutor,  in  which 
office  he  continued  till  March  20,  1720,  when  he 
was  ordained  the  minister  of  West  Haven.  Hav- 
ing an  aversion  to  extemporary  performances,  it 
was  his  practice  to  use  forms  of  prayer,  and  to 
write  only  one  sermon  in  a  month.  He  usually 
preached  the  discourses  of  others,  minuting  down 
only  the  heads,  and  expressing  himself,  when 
his  remembrance  of  the  words  of  the  author 
failed  him,  in  language  of  his  own.  Hcv- 
ing  embraced  the  Arminian  doctrines  and  become 
a  convert  to  the  Ei)iscopalian  worshij)  and  church 
government,  he  resigned  his  charge  at  West  Ha- 
ven, and  embarked  at  Boston  with  President 
Cutler  for  England  Nov.  5,  1722.  Having  re- 
ceived ordination  as  a  missionary  for  Stratford,  he 
arrived  at  that  i)lace  in  Nov.,  1723.  His  prede- 
cessor and  friend,  Mr.  Pigot,  was  immediately  re- 
moved to  Providence.  Mr.  Johnson  was  now  the 
only  Episcopalian  minister  in  Conn.,  and  there 
were  but  a  few  families  of  the  English  church  in 
the  colony.    They  were  not  increased  in  Stratford 


JOIIN'SOX. 

by  mcnn.i  of  liia  laliors,  hut  in  the  ncifjhhoriiipt 
towns,  whcro  lie  souii'luni's  odlfialcil,  iimiiy  I'ami- 
lii's  conroriiu'il.  The  (h'siii-  of  cscrtpiiif;  the  Coii- 
frri'^'alioiml  tax  hy  joiiiiii),'  arhuiTli,  wlio.so  iiiinlstiT 
reci'ivcd  a  salary  from  a  foreign  soiiuiy,  and  thu 
jH'tty  (luarrcls  whicli  exist  in  most  confjre^jations, 
were  causes,  accordin^f  to  Mr.  llohart,  of  no  in- 
conslileraliie  inliuence,  in  inulti|)lyin^'  the  I'-jiisco- 
palians.  lletwcen  tiie  years  ITlit  and  l"H(i  Mr. 
Jolinson  was  en>,'nf,'e(l  in  a  controversy  on  tiie 
sulijeet  of  I'^piscoj^acy  with  Mr.  Dickinson,  Mr. 
Foxcroft,  and  Mr.  Graham.  ]",nterinf{  on  a  new 
course  of  studien,  he  jirocured  thu  worlds  of  John 
Hutchinson,  and  embraced  many  of  his  senti- 
ments. He  rejjarded  him  as  a  jierson  of  a  stupen- 
dous (genius,  little  inferior  even  to  that  of  Sir 
Isaac  Newton,  whose  i)rinci])les  lie  o])])osed  ;  and 
lie  lliou};lit  that  in  liis  writings  he  had  discovered 
many  important  ancient  truths,  had  effectually 
conl'uted  the  Jews,  Infidels,  Arians,  and  heretics 
of  other  denominations,  and  jjroved  that  the 
method  of  redcnijilion  hy  Jesus  Christ  was  better 
understood  in  the  jjatriarchial  and  Mosaic  afj;es 
than  was  f?enerally  imaf;ined.  In  1704  lie  was 
elected  president  of  the  college,  which  had  been 
lately  instituted  at  New  York,  lie  went  to  that 
jilacc  in  April,  and  soon  commenced  his  labors. 
The  charter  was  ])rocured  Oct.  31,  1754.  In 
March,  1703,  he  resigned,  and  was  succeeded  by 
Mvk's  Coo])er.  He  passed  tlic  remainder  of  his 
da\s  in  the  ])eaccful  retreat  of  Stratford,  resuming 
his  former  charge,  and  continuing  in  the  ministry 
till  his  death. 

Dr.  Johnson  was  in  his  person  rather  tall  and 
in  the  latter  part  of  his  life  corpidcnt.  He  was 
hapjiy  in  a  calmness  of  temper  which  was  seldom 
discomjjosed.  Those  who  knew  him  generally 
loved  and  revered  him.  The  same  good  disposi- 
tion, which  rendered  him  amiable  in  private  life, 
marked  all  his  proceedings  of  a  j)ublic  nature, 
and  may  be  discovered  in  his  controversial  writ- 
ings. Benevolence  was  a  conspicuous  trait  in  his 
character.  He  seldom  suffered  a  day  to  pass 
without  doing  to  others  some  good  offices  relat- 
ing to  their  tcmjioral  or  spiritual  aft'airs.  llis 
conversation  was  enlivened  by  the  natural  cheerful- 
ness of  his  disposition,  yet  in  his  freest  discourse 
he  retained  a  respect  to  his  character  as  a  clergy- 
man. IJy  his  acquaintance  with  I  )ean  Berkeley 
he  became  a  convert  to  the  peculiar  metaphysical 
opinions  of  that  great  man.  His  jjiety  was  un- 
mingled  with  gloom  or  melancholy,  and  he  con- 
templated with  admiration  and  gratitude  the 
wonderful  plan  of  redemj)tion,  disclosed  in  the 
gosjjel.  An  account  of  his  life,  written  by  Dr. 
Chandler,  was  given  to  the  public  in  180o.  He 
jjublishcd  jjlain  reasons  for  conforming  to  the 
church,  1733;  two  tracts  in  the  controversy  with 
Mr,  Graham;  a  letter  from  Aristoclcs  to  Au- 
thades ;  a  defence  of  it  in  a  letter  to  Mr.  Dickin- 


JOHNSON. 


479 


Ron;  nsyRtom  of  morality,  1740,  designed  to  check 
the  ])rogresH  of  entlnisiasm  ;  a  eomj)eiulium  of 
logic,  l"j'J;  a  demonstration  of  the  reasonable- 
ness of  prayer,  17<il ;  a  sermon  on  the  beauties 
of  holiness  in  the  worshij)  of  the  church  of  Kng- 
land  ;  a  short  vindication  of  the  society  for  propa- 
gating the  gospel ;  an  I'.nglish  grammar  and  a 
catechism,  17(i.>i  a  Helirew  grannnar,  17(i"  i  this 
evinced  an  accurate  ac(|uaintanct  with  tiiat  lan- 
guage, and  it  was  re])rinted  with  im])rovements 
in  1771 . —  V/iandler'a  Life  of  Johnson  ;  Dcach'a 
Fun.  Sermon. 

JOHNSON,  STr.riiKN,  minister  of  Lyme  in 
Conn.,  died  Nov.  8,  1780,  aged  01.  He  was 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1743,  and  was  settled  as  fiio 
successor  of  Jonathan  Parsons  in  174(i.  IIo 
published  election  sermon,  1770!  on  the  everlast- 
ing punishment  of  the  wicked,  in  answer  to 
Chnuncy  ond  others,  8vo.,  178(i.  • 

JOHNSON,  Jacoh,  minister  of  Groton,  Conn., 
died  in  1704,  aged  about  70.  He  wos  graduated 
at  Yale  in  1740,  and  settled  over  the  third  church 
in  Groton,  1748. 

JOHNSON,  WiLMAM  Mautin,  Dr.,  a  jmet, 
died  at  Jamaica,  L.  I.,  Sept.  21,  1797,  aged 
about  20.  He  was  the  son,  real  or  stolen,  of  a 
beggar,  who  intrusted  him  to  the  care  of  Cajit. 
Albee  of  Wrentham,  Mass.  He  studied  medi- 
cine with  Dr.  Gage  of  Kast  Hampton,  L.  I. 
Then  he  emigrated  to  Georgetown,  S.  C,  where 
he  was  a  partner  with  Dr.  Bromtield.  He  mar- 
ried and  was  in  good  business,  when  he  soon  lost 
his  health.    He   wrote  this  epita])h  on  a  lady: 

"  Hero  sloop  in  dust  ami  wnlt  tlip  AIniI(ility"»  will, 
Tlivn  rixu  uiiclianKcil,  nnil  bu  an  itngiil  still." 

—  Cyd.  of  American  Lit. 

JOHNSON,  XoAli,  died  at  Plymouth,  X.  II., 
in  Oct.,  1798,  aged  103.  He  was  a  deacon  of  tho 
church.  He  was  a  soldier  in  Lovewell's  battle 
with  the  Indians  at  Frjeburg. 

JOHNSON,  JosniA,  was  a  graduate  of  Y'alo 
in  177oi  a  minister  of  Dudley,  Mass.,  from  1790 
to  1790.  He  had  been  previously  .settled  hi  1784, 
in  Woodstock,  Conn.,  north  society. 

JOHNSON,  Jo.siii'A,  commissioner  of  stamps, 
died  at  Alexandria  in  April,  1802.  He  was 
father-in-law  of  J.  (i.  Atlamsj  and  had  been 
Amei'icaii  c(nisul  at  London. 

JOHNSON,  Ja.mi;s,  minister  of  North  Fairfield, 
Conn.,  died  in  1810,  aged  about  70.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  in  17(>0,  in  the  class  of  Dr.  Hart. 

JOHNSON,  BicNJAMiN,  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Uhode  Island,  died  at  West  Greenwich 
in  1813,  aged  (Jo. 

JOHNSON,  Bakkk,  colonel  of  the  Revolution- 
ary army,  died  in  Maryland  in  1813. 

JOHNSON,  William  Samuix,  LL.  D.,  presi- 
dent of  Columbia  college.  New  York,  the  eldest 
son  of  Dr.  Samuel,  died  Nov.  14,  1819,  aged  92. 


4«i) 


JOHNSON. 


!;«•  WIS  l)()ni  tit  Strntfonl  Oct.  7,  ITl!"  ;  wiik  j,'ra(l- 
uu'.id  r.t  Y:ik' nillcjic  in  ITIIj  mid  mioii  rose  to 
einiiiciu'c  MM  u  linvNcr.  lie  wns  not  oiily  a  iiimii 
uf  M'U'iicc  and  literal iirc,  hut  also  an  cliKiiicnt 
orator.  In  \'i'>'t  la' «as  a  dcli'/iatc  to  the  con- 
f^ri'NH  at  New  York  i  and  in  17(><l  was  an  agent  of 
tlic  colony  to  Mnfjfland.  While;  there  he  I'ornied 
tin  nr(|uaintance  with  iiluNtriotm  men ;  with  Dr. 
8.  Johnson  he  corre:  jioiidcd  for  many  vcarH.  He 
returned  in  1771,  and  in  177U  wan  a])|iointe<l  a 
judge  of  the  NUiiremc  court  of  Coiuiecticiif  ;  lui 
oHlce  which  he  reiiiuiuislied  in  1771.  In  17H«  he 
was  n  delegate  to  congrenH  j  and  in  17N7  lie  wa.s 
a  menilier  of  the  eoiiveiition  which  friimcd  the 
constitution  of  the  United  (States.  He  was  one 
of  the  first  sciintorH  from  Conneeticut,  and  with 
Mr.  lUlsworth  drew  uj)  the  hill  for  the  judiciary 
system,  rrotn  17!>L'  to  ISOO  he  was  the  jiresi- 
dent  of  Columhia  college.  After  INOO  he  lived 
in  his  native  village  till  his  death. 

JOHNSON,  'I'lKiMAS,  governor  of  Maryland, 
died  at  llo,'.e  Hill  Oct.  L>(i,  1SI(»,  aged  H7.'  He 
was  a  native  of  Calvert  county.  In  1774  he  was 
ni)])oiiited  a  meniher  of  congress,  and  was  I'or  sev- 
eral years  in  that  hody.  Alter  the  Uevolution  ho 
was  the  lirst  governor,  from  1777  to  1770,  when 
he  was  succeed(>d  by  Thomas  S.  I.oe.  He  was 
an  ns.socinte  justice  of  the  Rupremc  court  of  the 
United  States  from  1791  till  his  resignation,  from 
ill  health,  in  17SW. 

JOHNSON,  Sir  'Wn.MAM,  a  major-gcnernl  of 
the  militia  of  New  York,  and  remarkable  for  the 
ascendency  which  he  gained  over  the  Indians, 
died  July  11,  1771,  aged  00.  He  was  born  in 
Ireland  about  the  year  1714,  and  was  a  nephew 
of  Sir  I'eter  Warren,  _tho  naval  hero,  who  dis- 
tinguished himself  esjiecially  at  the  siege  of 
Louisbourg  in  174j.  Sir  I'etcr,  having  married  a 
lady  in  New  Y'ork,  was  induced  to  iiurchase  large 
tracts  of  land  upon  the  Mohawk  river  and  the 
more  interior  jiarts  of  the  country,  and  he  sent 
for  his  nejiliew,  about  the  year  17ol,  to  come  to 
America  and  lake  the  charge  of  his  affairs. 
Y'oung  Johnson  accordingly  took  iij)  his  residence 
ii])on  a  certain  tract  on  the  .Mohawk,  about  thiit*: 
miles  from  Albany,  and  cultivated  an  ac(iuaiii- 
tance  with  the  Indians.  He  learned  their  lan- 
guage ;  he  studied  their  manners,  that  he  might 
be  able  to  conciliate  their  regard ;  his  situation 
upon  the  river  lietween  Albany  and  Oswego  jire- 
sented  a  fine  oiiiiortunily  for  trade,  and  he  carried 
on  a  large  traffic  with  them,  sujiplying  them  with 
such  goods  as  they  needed,  and  receiving  in 
return  beaver  and  other  skins ;  at  length  he  ac- 
quired an  influence  over  thein,  which  no  other 
man  ever  possessed.  In  1700  he  was  intrusted 
with  the  command  of  the  provincial  troops  of 
New  Y'ork,  and  marched  to  invest  Crown  Point, 
while  Shirley  jiroceeded  towards  Ontario  agreea- 
bly to  the  plan  of  the  Li'iiijiai^n.     Geural  'uliii- 


JOHNSON. 

son,  nflrr  tlio  defeat  of  a  detachment  under  Col. 
Williams,  which  he  l.ad  m  iit  liil,  was  attacLtd 
hiniM'lf  in  his  caiiip  on  lake  (icorgc  S(|  t,  Mh. 
lint  as  soon  as  his  iirlillery  lit;;.ni  to  jiliiy,  the 
Canadian  niililia  and  the  liidiatis  fled  wilh  |r('<'i|)- 
ilalion  to  the  swainjis.  'i'he  I'reiiih  troo|!s  were 
re|)idsed,  and  Itaron  Dicskau,  their  general,  was 
taken  prisoner.  The  advantage,  however,  which 
was  thus  gained,  was  not  pursued,  and  his  con. 
duct  in  not  jiroceediiig  against  Crown  I'oiiit  has 
been  the  subject  of  feprehciision,  I'.veii  the  suc- 
cess of  the  battle  is  t.)  lie  attributed  to  the  exer- 
tions of  tiie  brave  (ien.  I.yman.  Hut  Johnson, 
who  was  wounded  in  the  engagement,  reniied  the 
benefits  of  the  repulse  of  Hicskau,  which  was 
magnified  info  a  s])lcndid  victory.  The  house  of 
commons  bestowed  on  him  ri.OOO  ])ouiids,  and 
the  king  conferred  on  him  the  title  of  baronet. 
About  this  time  also  he  was  n)i|iointed  sn])erin- 
tendent  of  Indian  affairs  in  New  Y'ork.  In  the 
year  1 75!)  lie  commanded  the  provincial  troops 
under  llrig.-Cien.  I'rideaux,  in  the  exjiedition 
against  Niagara.  While  directing  the  ojieratioiiH 
of  the  siege,  Prideaux  was  killed  by  the  bursting 
of  n  cohorii  July  20th  j  but  Jolmstm  jirosecuted 
the  plan,  which  had  been  formed,  with  judgment 
and  vigor.  On  the  24th  of  July  the  enemy  made 
an  attempt  to  raise  the  siege,  but  were  di'feated 
through  the  excellent  dispositions  luid  the  cour- 
age of  Johnson,  and  the  next  day  the  fort  was 
taken,  and  about  six  hundred  men  made  jjrison- 
ers  of  war.  This  event  broke  off  I  lie  communi- 
cation which  the  French  intended  to  establish 
between  Canada  and  Louisiana.  When  Amherst 
embarked  at  Oswego  in  June,  i7(iO,  I')  proceed  on 
the  expedition  to  C  i;.id;i,  Sir  '\\  illiatn  brought  to 
him  at  that  jilace  one  tluj.i>iv,;d  Indians  of  the 
Iroquois  or  five  nations,  v  liicli  was  the  largest 
number  that  had  bei  n  :  ecu  in  arms  al  one  time 
in  the  cause  of  l'.i'.^''.iii(l.  lie  died  ai  liis  seat  at 
Johnson  hall,  ulwui  twenty-four  n;!!es  from 
Scheiiectad},  on  the  Mohawk  rivei.  lie  left  a 
large  sum  of  iiuiiey  to  be  employed  ;ii  presents 
to  the  Indians  of  the  Mohawk  c;:.  ties,  all  of 
whom,  men,  women,  and  children,  l.i.l  mourning 
dresses  j;ri'seni.'(l  them  on  his  dei. :':. 

Sir  William  j;osse.ssed  consiilcr  ible  talents  as 
an  orator,  and  his  influence  over  (lie  Indians  wis 
not  a  little  owing  to  the  impression  made  ui)oii 
them  by  means  of  his  eloeuliun.  It  has  been 
represented,  that  he  was  envious  toward  Shirk}, 
and  endeavored  to  thwart  him  in  his  jilaiis,  by 
discouraging  the  Indians  from  joining  him;  and 
that  in  his  jirivate  conduct  he  ])aid  little  resjiect 
to  those  laws,  the  observarion  ol  which  only  can 
insure  domestic  jieacc  and  virtue.  He  had  wives 
and  concubines,  sons  and  daughters,  of  dificient 
colors.  Ho  was  zealous  in  supjiorling  the  claims 
of  Great  Britain,  which  excited  such  agitation  in 
I  the  colonies  a  lew  years  before  his  de;'.lh,  tiiid  he 


JOHNSON. 

pxcrtpil  himself  to  promnfi!  tho  intrrcut  of  the 
cliurrli  of  l''n;;lan(l.  Tlic  following  nnccdotc 
urcms  to  I'viiiei-  ihiit,  in  his  (UmHiikh  with  thi-  Iii- 
(liuiiM,  wiio  hav(-  a  ({ood  rcputatiini  for  cuiiniii);, 
he  wan  not  oiitwittod  hy  them.  llu\iii^  sent  to 
Kiiffliiiid  for  clothes  finely  laced,  on  their  arrival, 
Ilendrick,  the  chief  of  the  Mohawkx,  w;m  diu/led 
with  their  Nplciidor,  and  he^an  to  think  liow 
fuiely  he  Khould  look  dreNsed  in  a  Nimilar  manner. 
]Iin  vanity  could  not  he  resisted,  and  to  j^ratify  it  ! 
he  hit  npon  the  foUowinj^  ox])edient.  He  went ; 
to  Sir  William  one  niorninj;,  and  told  him  very 
demurely,  that  in  the  j)recedinj?  ni^ht  he  had 
dreamed,  that  tho  haronet  had  >{eneroiisly  ])re- 
8ent(>d  liim  with  a  Nuit  of  his  laced  elothcH.  The 
solemn  hint  could  not  be  mixtukun  or  avoided, 
and  the  Indian  monarch  wont  away  pleased  with 
his  successful  inj^enuity.  In  a  few  days,  however. 
Sir  William  accosted  his  majesty  and  made  known 
his  dream,  which  was,  that  Ilendrick  had  f^iven 
liim  a  tract  of  land  containinj^  several  thousand 
acres.  "  Tho  land  is  yours,"  said  Ilendrick, 
•'  hut  now,  Sir  William,  I  never  dream  with  you 
again  i  you  dream  too  hard  for  me."  lie  j)ul)- 
lished  a  jjiecc  on  the  customs  and  language  of 
the  Indians  in  philosophical  transactions,  vol.  LXiii. 
. —  Dr.  Eliot;  Annval  Reg.  fur  17o8,  l"u9, 
17G0,  1760,  1774  i  Mamhall,  I.  385,  395,  44G ; 
Wf/dHe,  II.  44-52,  09-101. 

JOHNSON,  Sir  JoilN,  son  of  the  preceding, 
died  in  Jan.,  1798.  He  succeeded  his  fiithcr  in 
his  title,  and  was  appointed  major-general  in  his 
place  Nov.,  1774.  At  the  commencement  of  the 
war  he  joined  the  British,  and  about  the  year 
1770  persuaded  the  Mohawks  to  retire  into  Can- 
ada, from  whence  he  rcjieatcdly  ravaged  different 
parts  of  New  York,  and  in  one  expedition,  in 
which  he  destroyed  the  very  settlement  where  he 
formerly  lived,  he  proved  himself  not  very  dissim- 
ilar in  character  to  liis  savage  comjianions.  In 
Aug.,  1777,  he  invested  fort  Stanwix,  and  de- 
feated Herkimer.  In  Oct.,  1780,  Gen.  Van 
llensselaer  defeated  him  atTox's  mills.  In  1790 
he  was  appointed  governor  of  Upper  Canada. 
He  died  at  Hampton,  Canada. 

JOHNSON,  Joseph,  an  Indian  preacher,  was 
born  at  Mohegan,  near  Norwich,  Conn.,  about 
1750.  He  was  the  son  of  Capt.  Josejih  Johnson, 
who  served  near  lake  George  in  the  French  war 
of  1757,  and  who  was  a  man  of  piety.  After 
being  educated  at  Mr.  Wheelock's  school  at  Leb- 
anon, as  was  also  Gcconi,  another  Mohegan 
preacher,  he  was  sent,  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  as  a 
schoolmaster  to  the  Six  Nations  of  Indians  iu 
New  York,  and  was  thus  employed  two  years. 
Afterwards  "  he  wandered  up  and  down  in  this 
delusive  world."  lleturniug  from  a  whaling 
voyage  in  1771,  he  repaired  to  liis  farm  at  Mohe- 
gan, and  there,  in  a  time  of  sickne.ss  brought  on 
by  liis  vices,  becjame  a  Christiau  convert  Iiy  read- 
.  CI 


JOHNSON. 


411 


in((  tho  Now  Testamrnt  and  Daxter'*  naint*' 
ri'st.  It  Would  heem  from  his  journal,  which  ii 
still  pre>erv('d,  that  he  experienced  the  deeprst 
conviction  of  sin.  Al^erwarils  he  wax  licenited  to 
preach  and  was  fo«  years  a  missionary  in  the  State 
of  New  York.  Heing  among  the  Six  Nations  in 
I77li,  he  received  a  leltiT  from  Wasliington, 
dated  at  Camliridge  Feb.  i!()th,  saying:  "Tell 
them,  that  we  don't  want  them  to  take  up  tho 
hatchet  for  us  except  they  choose  it ;  we  only 
desire,  lluit  they  will  not  light  against  us.  Wo 
want  that  the  chain  of  friendship  should  always 
remain  bright  between  our  friends  of  the  Six 
Nations  and  us.  We  recommend  you  to  them, 
and  hope,  by  your  siireailing  the  truths  of  the  gos- 
pel among  them,  it  will  keej)  tho  chain  briglit." 
His  manuNcrijit  journal  and  sermons  display  Lis 
talents  and  accjuaintance  with  theology. 

JOHNSON,  Joiix,  ninjor,  a  painter,  died  about 
1817.  He  was  a  bruve  otHcer  in  the  Uevolution- 
ary  army.  After  the  peace  of  1783  he  took  up 
the  pencil,  residing  chiefly  at  Boston  ;  but  he  was 
deficient  in  drawing,  though  with  a  correct  eye 
and  steady  haiul.  He  was  also  a  man  of  a  vig- 
orous mind.  His  strong  likenesses  of  some  of 
our  fathers  are  valuable.  —  Kiiiipji'n  Lectures,  193. 

JOHNSON,  SA.MLEI,  U.,  lieutenant,  an  officer 
of  the  navy,  was  born  in  New  York  and  educated 
a  printer.  In  the  war  of  1812  he  joined  tho 
marine  corps,  and  was  for  a  t'me  a  j)risoncr  in 
Chili.  He  died  on  board  the  Macedonian,  May 
12,  1820.     He  published  letters  from  Chili,  1810. 

JOHNSON,  John,  chancellor  of  Maryland, 
died  suddenly  in  Aug.,  1824,  aged  about  52,  suj)- 
Ijosed  to  be  a  graduate  of  Columbia  college.  New 
York,  in  1792. 

JOHNSON,  William,  colonel,  died  at  Boon- 
ville  in  Christian  peace,  June  1,  1834,  aged  85,  a 
Uevolutionar)-  soldier.  Born  in  Haverliill,  ho 
lived  many  years  in  Boscawcn. 

JOHNSON,  William,  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  United  Slates,  died  at  Brooklyn 
Aug.  4,  1834.  His  residence  was  Charleston, 
S.  C.  He  i)ublishcd  the  life  of  Gen.  Greene,  2 
vols.,  4to.,  1822;  essay  to  philosophical  society; 
Nugae  Georgicae,  1815  j  eulogy  on  Adams  and 
Jeflei'son,  1820. 

JOHNSON,  Samuel,  died  at  Ilallowell  Nor. 
10,  1830,  aged  44.  He  was  secretary  and  agent 
of  the  !Maine  missionary  society.  His  death 
was  occasioned  by  a  slight  injury  of  one  of  hia 
toes  by  a  peg  in  a  newly-mended  boot.  Bom 
hi  Georgetown,  Mass.,  he  graduated  at  Bowdoin 
in  1817.  He  was  the  minister  of  Alna  from 
1818  to  1828,  and  mhiister  of  Saco  from  1828  to 
1830,  succeeding  iJr.  Jonathan  Cogswell,  and 
afterwards  usefully  em))loyed  in  promoting  the 
missionary  cause.  He  had  power  as  a  preacher. 
As  he  was  about  to  die,  he  sent  a  message  to  his 
church,  that  he  should  be  ready  to  meet  them  iu 


482 


JOHNSON. 


j()m:s. 


|!'| 


if. 


the  world  of  (jlorj*,  a«  one  hy  ono  they  ihould 
cntir. 

JOHNSON,  Auiiii),  miiiNtrr  of  ItclfuHt,  in 
Mc,  (lied  Jim.  I'J,  In;I7,  (i^kI  <!!•. 

JOIIN.SON,  ()m;(hi|(,  |in'M(i|ial  of  .Aiidnvrr 
Acndciny,  dit'd  Miiy  !»,  iN.'t",  iif;<'''  •'•'!  i  "  1,'iiidiiiilt' 
of  Dartmoutli,  INL'N.  II,>  had  lidiiitN,  ImnIc,  lit- 
erature, mid  |i<)ssi>ss('d  niiiiily  iiiidClirist'iiii  \iitii("<. 

JOHN.SOX,  .Mauia  i'lusni.v,  .Mr«.,<.('  llii|Hri, 
Vt.,  will'  of  .Stephen  J.,  iiiiNNioniiry  to  fSiaiii,  died 
nt  rhihideliihiu  Jnii.  H,  ISJJO.  ill  heidth  com- 
pelled lier  to  return  to  this  country.  * 

JOHNSON',  Wll.l.iAM  .SAMfKL,  judffe,  died  nt 
Stratford  Oct.  2.5,  INIO,  nged  W  |  a  imtive  of 
S.,  nnd  a  >,'raduttto  of  177l>.  lie  wiw  a  judge  of 
a  county  court. 

JOHNSON,  W1M.IAM,  died  in  New  York  in 
July,  1818,  ngedahout  80.  Horn  in  Middletown, 
he  i;rnduuted  ut  Ynle  in  17NM,  mid  Nettled  in  the 
law  at  New  York.  He  was  a  re])orter  of  the  su- 
preme court  and  court  of  chancery.  J[e  ])ulili.shed 
a  translation  of  Azinii's  maritime  law  in  !S(Hi, 
and  a  digest  of  cases  decided  in  the  courts  of  New 
York,  from  1709  to  1803,  in  3  vols.;  from  1808 
to  1812 i  reports,  etc.,  20  vols.,  IM.j,  1823; 
digest  of  cases  from  170!)  to  1827,  2  voLs.,  182j  ; 
do.  from  1709  to  1823,  8vo. 

JOHNSON,  Samuki,  Li;i:,  rector  in  Indian- 
apolis, Ind.,  died  in  1818,  aged  30.  He  gradu- 
ated nt  Kcnyon  college  in  1830,  and  was  several 
years  tutor.  He  estnhlished  St.  Mary's  semuuiry 
in  I.,  nnd  wns  its  principal.  He  was  a  zealous  nnd 
faithful  ])reacher. 

JOHNSON,  ChaI'MAN,  died  at  lUchninnd  July 
12,  1819;  an  eminent  member  of  tl\  I),  i;  a  lead- 
ing man  in  Virginia. 

JOHNSON,  KiciiAiiD  M.,  crloncl,  \'i  c-prcsi- 
dcnt  of  the  United  States,  died  in  Frankfort, 
Ky.,  Nov.  10,  1850,  nged  about  70.  From  180" 
he  wns  n  representntive  in  congress  twelve  years. 
In  the  war  ho  served  under  Harrison,  nnd  was 
distinguished  in  the  bnttle  of  the  Thames.  He 
was  afterwards  a  senator  and  rcjiresentative. 
His  name  as  chairman  is  connected  with  a  re- 
port against  the  suspension  of  the  Sunday  moils. 
His  deatli  wns  by  paralysis. 

JOHNSON,  Thomas,  n  seaman,  died  at  the 
naval  nsylum,  l'hiladel])hin,  in  I80I,  nged  above 
100.  The  old  tar  fought  the  Seraj)!';  with  Paul 
Jones  in  1779. 

JOHNSON,  Walter  Kogkus,  professor  of 
chemistry,  died  in  Washington  Ajnil  20,  1852, 
aged  57.  His  death  was  caused  by  inhaling 
no.\ious  gas,  while  jierforming  some  chemical  e:^- 
ycriments  in  the  Smithsonian  institute.  Bom  in 
LL'.uinister,  Mass.,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
IS^'*,  V,  jS  the  preceptor  of  Gei-miintown  acad- 
e.in  ■'  :•  pro"  ssor  of  C":  mistry  in  the  college 
it  rh'dix(["\\y ■:,  and  of  tl.e  Smithsonian  Institute. 


JOHNSON,  IsA  \f.  governor  of  I.oui«lnnn  from 
18 1.')  to  |s,V».  died  in  New  Orleans  in  IV,:». 

JOHN.SON,  Ij.vika,  .Mrs.,  died  in  Hartford, 
Comi.,  Sept.  21.  |N.-i(),  nged  102.  A  Mr.  Deenn 
died  on  the  same  day  ol'  the  tame   n^re. 

JOHNSON,  Ai.nii;ii.  judge,  died  nt  ileirnst, 
Me.,  in  IN.VJ,  n^,'i  d  02.  Horn  in  Newlmr)  port,  the 
Miu  of  Itev.  .\lli(  i|  J.,  he  was  .,  re^i<Ieiit  iii  liejlast 
in  tMi5,  luid  graduated  at  JtitMli  in  in  INOS.  Ho 
was  n  member  of  the  eonvi  n/ion  which  formed 
the  constitution  of  Maine,  nnd  n  judge  of  |)robatu 
eighteen  years.  He  laililished  an  eulogy  on 
.\dams  and  Jell'erson,  1N2(). 

JOHNSON,  JiiiiN,  chancellor  of  Maryland, 
died  at  llaliiinore  Oct.  t,  tN50.  He  was  buried 
at  .Ximajiolis,  the  place  of  his  birth. 

JOilNSrO.N,  JosiAH  S.,  a  senator  of  the 
I'nilcd  States  from  I.oiiisiaiui,  died  Moy  19, 18,'1,'t, 
killed  on  Jled  river  forty  miles  above  Alexam'rj  1, 
l)y  the  explosion  of  a  steamboat  by  gun|iou(ler 
I  About  fifteen  others  were  killed.  Horn  'n  ("onn,, 
his  father  emigrated  to  Kentuckj ,  and  l!ieni  0  to 
J.ouisiana.  He  was  senator  from  1  -.'I  'i'l  his 
death. 

JOHN.STON,  Si-MAN,  widow  of  John  J.,  from 
Ireland,  died  at  Sault  St.  Marie  in  1813,  aged  07. 
She  was  a  daughter  of  Wabojeeg,  chief  of  tho 
Chippewa  nation. 

JOHN.STON,  John,  a  Christian  merchant  of 
New  York,  died  April  10,  1851,  ng(  d  O'j.  His 
character  was  described  by  Ids  pastor,  Dr. 
Md'.lroy. —  Olintrrei;  yiay  1. 

JOHN.STON,  John,  l).']).,died  in  1855,  nged 
77.  He  had  been  for  half  a  century  the  pastor 
of  til,'  Presbyterian  church  of  Newburgh,  N.  Y., 
and  was  an  attached  friend  of  Dr.  Prime.  There 
was  a  revival  in  1813  in  his  church,  of  which  ho 
had  the  charge  forty-eight  years. 

JOHNSTONF,  Saxiiki,,  governor  of  North 
Carolina  from  1788  to  1790,  was  also  a  judge  of 
the  superior  court  of  the  State.  He  died  at 
Stewarkey  in  Aug.,  18IG,  oged  82.  Gobriel 
Johnstone  was  the  governor  before  the  Itevolu- 
tion  from  1731  to  1753. 

JOLLIFFI',  or  JOLYFE,  John,  died  at  a 
great  age  in  Boston  in  1701 ;  a  man  of  useful 
public  services,  and  nt  a  late  period  of  his  life  a 
member  of  tb"  i-ounril. 

JOLLY',  lii.MLi.jiidi'e,  died  in  Jersey,  Ohio, 
July  29,  18';.'.  igvd  '  '  n  soldier  of  1  "  ..-volu- 
tion in  M  •  .^;  .  ut.  He  emigrated  to 
Ohio  in  176^:,  and  settled  a  township  now  bear- 
ing his  name.  He  was  judge  of  the  common 
jileas  fourteen  years. 

JONES,  ilAUGARKT,  of  Charlestown,  Mass., 
was  in  June,  1048,  executed  ns  a  witch.  Ac- 
cording to  Hubbard's  account,  she  hud  "  such  a 
mahgnant  touch "  tlmt  the  person  whom  fIib 
touched  became  immediately  deaf,  or  was  seized 


JONT.S. 


JONF.S. 


48S 


with  pomn  violrnt  «irktirKii ;  nnil  noon  nftcr  Iht  '  licforo  IiP  rlnnctl  IiI.h  rvf*,  lio  t xtrnilcd  IiIh  nmn 
fxrciiliiiii  11  hliip  ill  il'  Imrlior,  ttiili  line  Imiiilriil  mid  wiiil :  "Jcmih,  I  lApniid  ni)  iirnm  to  ri'"'ivo 
mill  uvi'iiiy  toil'*  "I' liii  hi«i.  rolli  (1  i\4  if  hlic  woiilil    llitc     lliipi'V,  Imppj,   Ih'MmmI  lAprch-ii'ii  ^    Y« 


,  N.  Y., 

Tlicro 
ivliich  ho 


cy,  Ohio, 

.  ovolu- 

jrated  to 

low  hcar- 

common 


havr'  tiinii  <1  oNcr.  In  il  i  not  incur  tutlic  liintii- 
riaii, thill  llic  nuivcuiont  iil'»inlii>  Imrso.who wcri- 
on  liixird,  ini^ht  liavc  "'osiouL-d  u  little  motion 
of  the  ship. 

JOM.S,  Jdiis,  min'iMtor  of  Cow/'onl  ttKnn  about 
KJ.IT  to  llllt;  then  f  ruirfliid,  ul.-.r  be  died  | 
nlioilt  l(l(ll,ii;,'cd  tlpwaiils  of  7(1.  lie  n  iih  the  Mif) 
of  W  illiiiiM  of  Alicrfiavt'imy,  anil  was  of  Ji'sun  col- 
h'),'c,  Oxford,  ill  Hi'.'l,  iit  tlic  n;  of  M'vcnti'cn. 
Coming  to  tills  country  in  l<i<'i*i,  li<'  was  ordained  , 
])astor  lit  CoiK'ord,  and  1'.  niiliilcy  tcaflu'r,  April 


0,   1(1.'J7.      Tlu>   riniri'h   was   ^fathered   in    l<i;j(i.    of  ((in^ri'KH. 


N]  irit  <  in  yinili  r  •■l\\,  nirivr  iin  uul,  .uiil  »iik<c  it 
ti>  Jl•^ll»I  "  W'lio  would  not  dn  thun,  rather  llinn 
in  till'  d  nk,  •..mliicrt'd,  lioj  iIchs  dt's|-<ii*iUinrc  of 
thf  Muhl'  ~  I'diti'i'lisl.  \  ;  \VUJii,tm»'  J/«/. 
Hiiii/, 

JONTS.  f«\MiT.i.,  U  !>.,  of  bPTin-ixhanin.  died 
I'l'l).  7.  IMI.  Ill' riHH"ivi<l  nn  boiioniry  dtgrco 
at  (Ik  first  comnu'iici'miii'  of  llhwUu  Isliuid  col- 
Kri'in  17(ifl. 

JOXl'.S,  W'ai.ti.K.  died  in  Wi-^lmorrlnnd  e«i^ 
Vn.,  in  iHlii,  n^cd  ~ii;  ff/r  luiiii)  )i'ars  a  iiR'tuU.!! 


IIIm  son  John  graduated  at  Harvard  in  Killt,  in 
the  second  elass.  —  .S'y)»7(,'/«i''.v  AhhiiI.i. 

JONI'.S,  II ('(ill,  minister  of  Jainestowii,  ]inb- 
li>hcd  the  present  Btnte  of  Virj;iiiia,  Mvo.,  London, 
1724. 

J{)NrS,F,l,llMIAl.i;T,  minister  of  Huntington, 
L.  I.,  died  in  April,  17;J1,  or  nfler,  nj^cd  iH)  or 
more.  He  wan  the  son  of  John  Jones,  born 
nt  Concord,  Jan.  11,  1011;  and  was  settled  in 
1077. 

JOXr.S,  Thomas,  minister  of  "Wobuni,  died  in 


177'1,  nged  about  05.     He  graduated  at  llarvarji' tended  by  h   n.     On  the  estal)lishnH'nt  of  o  med- 


in  1711. 

JOXMS,  David,  jiulffo  of  the  supremo  court  of 
New  York,  died  Oct.  11,  1775.  He  was  born  in 
Seiit.,  lO'J!),  at  Oyster  Hay,  L.  I.,  and  from  17;J7 
to  175H  was  a  member  of  the  assembly,  and  for 
thirteen  years  the  sjieakcr.  In  1758  he  received 
the  ap]>ointiiient  of  judge,  which  he  resigned  in 
177it.  During  his  whole  life  ho  was  the  firm  ad- 
vocate of  the  rights  of  the  people  against  royal 
cncroaciimciits,  and  ])artieipated  largely  in  the 
j)ul)lic  confidence  and  respect. 

JONES,  Isaac,  minister  of  Western  (now 
■Warren),  Mass.,  died  in  1784,  aged  about  04. 
lie  graduated  at  Yale  in  1742. 

JONKS,  HouATio,  Dr.,  died  at  Stockbridgc, 
Mass.,  Ajiril  20,  18i;j,  aged  43.  His  widow  died 
in  Middletown  in  1851,  aged  77.  He  was  a  de- 
scendant of  Lewis  Jones,  a  first  settler  of  Water- 
town,  Mass.  His  father  was  Capt.  Josiah  J.,  of 
'^.  Ho  lefl  an  only  danglitcr  of  ton  years  old. 
He  was  eminent  in  his  profession,  a  good  surgeon, 
and  most  sociable  and  ])opu]ar.  His  conversion 
was  memorable.  His  wife  and  lier  friend,  each  of 
whom  had  an  irreligious  husband,  agreed  to  meet 
in  order  to  ])ray  for  the  salvation  of  their  hus- 
bands. They  wore  heard  ;  and  in  a  few  months  Dr. 
J.  died  in  ])oace ;  and  in  about  two  years  the  two 
tU'i^hbors,  a  merchant  and  his  wife,  had  a  peacc- 
fwl  do])artiirc.  According  to  Itov.  Dr.  Hyde,  who 
prcacued  ins  funeral  sermon,  "  He  left  the  world 
like  a  Christian,  with  resignation  to  the  Divine 
will,  and  with  enrapturing  views  of  the  mediation. 


JONI'.S,  John,  ^L  D.,  a  physician,  ■ 'f  Wel^>k 
extraction,  diiil  June  •.'.l,  17!»l,agi'd  (i2.  H<' wiu 
the  son  of  lAaii  Jones,  a  physician,  and  »«»  born 
at  Ji.maiii,  ) 'ntfi;  Mind,  ill  17lM).  .\fterslviilx  ing 
physic  with  Dr.  Cailwalladcr  at  I'liiladclidlia,  b« 
eoniplcled  his  nudicul  education  in  llurope, —  ii 
London,  I'aris,  Lcyden,  and  I'".dinbur).-li  On  hi^ 
return  he  settlvd  at  New  York  and  w  ■  ]iartieii 
larK  eniim  nt  as  a --urgeoii.  In  the  w  r  of  1733 
he  served  ,  a  Miigcnn  in  tliearmy.  The  I'rciioh 
coinniandci    DicsUau,  sevcrclv  wounded,  was  (rt« 


ical  schoid  i;i  New  York,  he  was  appointed  ])ro« 
ft'ssor  of  mirj.'1'ry.  Soon  after  he  settled  in  tiio 
city  the  physic  ins  agreed,  for  their  own  d.gnity, 
to  wear  their  I  lir  in  a  ])articular  bob,  and,  as  ho 
refused  to  cone  in  the  project,  they  refused  to 
consult  with  hiu  .  liut  he  soon  triumphed,  and 
the  power  of  ridnule  conijielled  the  medical  mon 
to  wear  their  hair  like  other  gentlemen.  In  tho 
Itevolutionary  wa  ho  left  the  city,  wli'  '.  it  was 
occu]iied  by  the  ciuniy.  In  1780  he  m  nled  in 
I'hiladeliihia,  wIr  ;  •  he  was  tho  physician  of 
Franklin  and  Wasli  ngton.  In  his  religious  views 
ho  was  a  Quaker.  lo  published  jilain  remarks 
ujion  wounds  and  fractures,  1775.  After  liis 
death  his  pujiil,  J.  Mease,  published  his  surgical 
works,  with  an  accom  •  of  his  hfe,  8vo.,  1795. — 
Jlamnai/'s  L'evicw,  !3(. :   Thacher,  324-340. 

JONES,  Jdiin  1'ai  .  a  naval  commander,  died 
in  Paris  July  18,  171'-',  ngod  45.  Ho  was  born 
at  Arbhigland,  Scotlan  !,  July  0, 1747.  His  father 
was  a  gardener  of  tin  name  of  Paul,  for  some 
reason  the  son,  when  hi  'ivcd  hi  Virginia,  assumed 
tho  name  of  Jones.  Hi  'arly  went  to  sea.  After 
being  for  some  time  in  -omniand  of  a  vessel,  he 
engaged  in  commercial  jmrsuits  in  the  M'ost  In- 
dies. In  1773,  on  the  cicath  of  his  brother,  he 
resided  in  Virginia  to  (-tttlo  his  affairs.  Soon 
after  tho  beginning  of  the  war  he  commanded  the 
Providence  of  twelve  gui  s  and  seventy  mon,  in 
which  ho  cruised  aiul  tc,  ik  si-xtocn  jirizcs.  In 
May,  1777,  he  was  ordered  to  ))roceed  to  Paris 
to  arrange  some  naval  operations  with  the  Amor- 


ail-sutliciuuc} ,  and  glory  of  Jesus  Christ."    Just  icon  commissioners.    April  10, 1778,  he  soiled  on 


484 


JONEa. 


ditii 


m 


i 


t 


M 


a  cruise  in  the  Ilanp;or,  and  alarmed  the  whole 
coast  of  Scotliuul.  II  landt'd  at  AVhitihaven, 
and  cai)tiircd  two  fort-  with  thirty  cannon  ;  lie 
carried  off  also  the  ijliilc  from  the  house  of  the 
Earl  of  Selkirk,  at  .St.  Mary's  Isle,  but  he  after- 
wards restored  it.  He  returned  to  lirest  with 
two  hundred  jn-isoners  of  war.  He  sailed  a;;aiii 
with  a  sq\iadron  of  seven  sail  Auf?.  14,  1779.  His 
own  ship  was  the  Bon  Homme  ISichard,  in  which 
after  a  desperate  en<,'af;enient  off  Flamhoroujjh 
head  he  cajitured  the  Jiritish  ship  of  war.  Sera  pis, 
of  superior  force,  Sejit.  24,  1779.  His  own  vt'ssel, 
however,  soon  went  down.  For  this  exjiloit  the 
French  kiiipj  presented  him  with  a  jjolden  sword. 
Feb.  18,  17H1,  he  arrived  at  rhiladeli)hia.  Con- 
gress ])assed  a  complimentary  resolution  and 
voted  him  a  f:;oIden  medal.  He  afterwards  su])er- 
intended  at  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  the  buildin}»  of  a 
sliip  of  war.  Ailcr  the  restoratitm  of  jjcacc  he 
went  to  Paris  as  agent  for  prize  money.  He  was 
soon  invited  to  enter  the  Russian  service  with  the 
rank  of  rear  admiral.  But  after  servinpf  a  short 
time  in  the  Black  sea,  he  was  dissatisfied,  was 
calumniated  at  court,  and  had  liberty  from  the 
empress  to  retire.  Iteturning  to  Paris,  he  died 
in  that  city  in  neglect.  Though  most  enterprising 
and  brave,  he  was  irritable,  vain,  and  of  an  im- 
petuous tem])er.  An  account  of  his  life  was 
published  in  1828  by  J.  H.  Sherburne.  —  jl/e- 
moirs,  1830. 

JONES,  Noble  Wimberlt,  a  physician,  and  a 
patriot  of  the  Ilevolution,  died  Jan.  9,  1805,  aged 
80.  He  was  the  son  of  Col.  Noble  J.,  one  of  the 
first  settlers  of  Georgia  and  judge  in  17iio.  He 
held  a  military  commission  in  1738,  and  in  1748 
was  associated  in  business  with  his  father. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  assembly  in  17G1 ; 
in  1774  he  was  one  of  the  first  to  stir  up 
the  Revolutionary  spirit  in  Georgia.  In  1770 
he  was  chosen  a  delegate  to  congress;  and 
again  in  1781.  In  the  caj)ture  of  Savannah  in 
Dec.,  1778,  by  the  British,  he  lost  one  of  his 
sons,  and  he  himself  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
enemy  at  the  capture  of  Charleston  in  May,  1780. 
In  Dec.  he  was  sent  a  prisoner  to  St.  Augustine. 
In  Aug.,  1781,  he  was  exchanged,  and  commenced 
the  practice  of  j)hysic  in  Philadeljihia.  At  this 
period  he  was  also  a  member  of  congress.  In 
Dec,  1782,  he  returned  to  Savannah.  He  was 
soon  induced  to  remove  to  Charleston,  where  he 
lived  in  lucrative  practice  till  Dec,  1788,  when  he 
again  settled  at  Savannah.  In  1795  he  was  j)res- 
ident  of  the  convention  which  amended  the  State 
constitution.  He  continued  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession  till  his  death.  He  was  not  only  emi- 
nent as  a  physician  and  statesman,  but  in  the 
relations  of  private  lifi  was  amiable  and  exem- 
plary. He  was  temperate  and  abstemious,  a  lover 
of  neatness  and  order,  of  strict  morality,  and  a 
eincere  believer  in  Cbristiamty.    Though  attached 


JONES. 

to  the  Episcopal  church,  he  contributed  liberally 
to  other  religious  societies —  Thaclicr,  340-344. 

JOXl.S,  Wai.tlii,  M.  D.,  a  physician,  died 
Dec.  31,  1815,  aged  70.  He  was  bori  in  Vir- 
ginia, and  educated  for  medicine  at  lliaiilnirgh 
aiiout  1770.  On  his  return  he  settled  in  North- 
unil>erland  county,  where  he  had  extensive  j)rac- 
ticc  through  life.  ]''or  a  few  years  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  congress.  On  aceount  of  4he  originality 
and  strength  of  his  mind,  his  extensive  and  vari- 
ous learning,  and  the  captivating  jiowers  of  his 
conversation,  he  was  one  of  the  most  extraordi- 
nary men.  —  Thuchcr. 

JONES,  Samuki,,  died  at  live  Neck,  N.  Y.,  in 
1819,  aged  85.  He  was  the  brother  of  Judge 
David,  and  son  of  Cajit.  Thomas,  who  came  from 
the  north  of  Ireland  to  Long  Island  in  1092;  atid 
has  been  called  the  lather  of  the  New  York  linr. 
His  services  were  extremely  important  in  organ- 
izing the  judiciary  system  at  the  close  of  the  dev- 
olution. For  industry,  extensive  acquirements, 
and  purity  of  character  he  presented  a  model  for 
the  imitation  of  those  who  aim  at  high  attain- 
ments in  jurisprudence. — New  York  Hist,  Coll., 
III.  278. 

JONES,  "William,  governor  of  Ilhode  Island, 
was  born  in  Newport  in  1754,  and  during  the  war 
was  a  cajjtain  of  marines.  At  the  capture  of 
Charleston  he  was  made  a  ])risoner.  After  being 
some  years  the  speaker  of  the  house,  he  was 
chosen  governor  in  1810  and  remained  in  the 
oflice  till  1H17.  He  died  in  April,  1822,  at  Prov- 
idence, aged  07. 

JONES,  Stf.piiex,  chief  justice  and  judge  of 
jirohate  for  the  county  of  Washington,  Elaine, 
died  in  Boston  Oct.  6,  1825,  aged  86.  He  served 
in  the  old  FVench  war,  and  was  present  when 
Lord  Howe  was  killed  at  Ticonderoga.  Ilcniov- 
ing  to  Maehias,  soon  after  its  settlement,  he  lived 
there  more  than  fifty-six  years,  fulfilling  his 
various  duties  with  great  cheerfulness  and  in- 
tegrity. 

JOXES,  Cave,  an  Episcopal  minister,  died  at 
Brooklyn,  L.  L,  Jan.  29,  1829,  aged  59.  He  was 
a  chajjlain  in  the  navy.  He  published  Ilobart's 
iiUoleranee,  and  a  solemn  apjjcal  to  the  church, 
1811 ;  which  was  answered  by  Hobart. 

JONES,  AitiEL,  minister  of  lloyalton,  Vt.,  died 
in  1829,  aged  07. 

JONES,  J.WIES,  Dr.,  died  near  Smyrna,  Del., 
in  1830,  aged  74.  He  was  surgeon  in  the  army, 
and  more  than  fifty  years  in  the  ministry  of  the 
Baptist  church,  distinguished  and  respected. 

JONES,  Edward,  colonel,  died  at  Pittsbo- 
rough,  N.  C,  Aug.  8,  1841,  aged  84,  formerly 
attorney-general.  He  was  bom  in  Ireland.  At 
the  bar  he  was  distinguished,  and  he  was  a  scholar, 
and  witty  and  hospitable,  highly  esteemed. 

JONES,  Thomas  K.,  an  eminent  merchant  in 
Boston,  died  April  2G,  1842,  aged  83. 


JONES. 


JUDD. 


485 


JONES,  Thomas,  minister  of  Gloucester,  died 
in  Anjr..  181(i,  aj,'ed  Ki. 

JO.\i:S,  Tiio.MAS  r.,  :^I.  D..  dii'd  at  Washing- 
ton Miirch  11,  l.StS,  ii<,'e(l  7,').  lie  had  hi'tMi 
sujjcrinti'ndcnt  of  tho  patent  oillcc  and  editor  of 
the  l'"r>nlilin  Journal. 

JONKS,  Jacoi!,  commodore,  died  in  riiiladel- 
phia  July,  IM.-^O,  af,'ed  82.  He  fouj^ht  a  hloody 
battle  in  the  AVasj),  caiituring,  Oct.  IH,  1812,  the 
Frolic  of  Kti])erior  force,  for  which  xeveral  Stalls 
voted  him  a  sword;  hut  both  vessels  were  soon 
taken  by  the  I'oictiers,  a  "l-gun  shij),  and  car- 
ried to  liermuda.  He  was  afterwards  ajiiiointed 
to  the  command  of  the  Macedonian.  Temperate 
himself,  he  deserves  honorable  mention  as  a  pro- 
moter of  temi)erancc  amonji;  his  crew;  many 
seamen  were  by  him  reclaimed  from  intoxication. 

JONKS,  Nancy,  a  colored  woman,  died  at  Ja- 
maica, L.  I.,  July  17,  IS.Jl,  af;ed  110. 

JONi;S,  Samikl  Tayi.ok,  D.  ]).,died  at  Ranj;- 
kok,  Siam,  Sept.  13,  18 jl,  aged  -19.  lie  was 
born  in  New  Ipswich,  a  graduate  of  Amherst  in 
1825,  and  was  a  IJaptist  missionary  to  IJiirmah 
in  1829.  He  translated  the  whole  New  Testa- 
ment into  the  Siamese  in  1S29. 

JONES,  lioGKR,  major-general,  died  in  Wash- 
ington June  15,  1852.  I5orn  in  Virghiia,  he  was 
lieutenant  in  1809;  was  distinguished  in  1813 and 
1814  on  the  Niagara  frontier,  and  was  adjutant- 
general  from  1825  until  his  death. 

JONES,  SaSIVKL,  chief  justice  of  New  York, 
died  at  Cold  Spring,  Long  Island,  Aug.  8,  1853, 
aged  83.  He  was  chancellor  1820-1828,  chief 
justice  1828-1847,  and  judge  of  the  court  of  a])- 
peals,  1848.  lie  was  the  eldest  son  of  chief  jus- 
tice Samuel  Jones,  who  died  in  1819,  and  great- 
grandson  of  Cajit.  Thomas  Jones,  who  came  from 
Strahane  in  Ireland  in  1G92,  and  settled  on  Long 
Island,  south  side,  leaving  three  sons,  David, 
William,  and  Thomas.  David  was  a  judge  of  the 
supreme  court;  William,  who  died  in  1779,  was 
the  grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this  article. 
Chancellor  Jones.  His  folher,  Thomas,  who  died 
in  1709,  was  the  brother  of  Judges  David  and 
Sanmel  Jones.  At  the  age  of  eighty  he  returned 
to  his  ])rofession, 

JONES,  I'lTKR,  or  Kakewakwanaby,  an  Indian 
chief  and  Wesleyan  missionary,  died  near  Brant- 
ford,  Canada,  June  29,  1850,  aged  54.  It  is  be- 
lieved that  he  did  more  than  any  other  man  to 
interest  the  jjublic  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic 
in  behalf  of  the  ehristianization  and  improvement 
of  the  Indian  tribes. 

JORDAN,  lloi!i:uT,  an  Episcojial  minister  at 
cajie  Elizabeth,  died  in  1079,  He  mprried  a 
daughter  of  John  M'inter,  from  whom  ho  inher- 
ited a  large  landed  estate.  He  removed  to  Eor'.s- 
mouth  in  I07(>. 

JOKDAN,  CiLUiLES,  died  near  Speedsborough, 


Anoon  CO.,  N.  C,  July  12,  180,1,  aged  114.  He 
was  born  in  April,  10S9.  Hunting  was  a  favorite 
amusement. 

JOSi'.ril,  FuAMis,  an  Indian,  died  at  Passa- 
niaipioddy  in  iSol,  aged  9i).  He  was  a  wortliy 
man,  and  governor  of  the  Indians.  In  the  war 
of  the  llevolulion  ho  espoused  the  American 
cause. 

JOSSELYN,  Joirx,  an  author,  arrived  in 
I'loston  in  1(;(!3,  and  resided  in  New  England  a 
number  of  years.  He  was  brother  to  Henry 
Josselyu,  a  councillor  under  the  government  of 
(iorges.  The  following  is  the  title  of  his  j)rinci- 
])al  work  :  "  New  I'.ngland's  rarities  discovered  in 
birds;  fishes,  serpents,  and  plants  of  that  country; 
together  willi  the  ]ihysieal  and  ehyrurgical  reme- 
dies, wherewith  the  natives  constantly  use  to  euro 
iheir  distempers,  woinids,  and  sores;  also  a  ])er- 
fect  descriidion  of  an  Indian  s(iuaw  in  all  her 
bravery,  with  a  jioem  not  imjjroperly  conl'erred 
njjon  her;  lastly  a  chronological  tal)le  of  themost 
remarka!)le  passages  in  that  country  amongst 
thelMiglish;  illustrated  with  cuts,  1()72."  His  ac- 
eoinit  of  the  natural  history  of  the  country  is 
amusing:  "  Some  frogs,  when  they  sit  u])on  their 
breech,  are  a  foot  high;"  "  liarley  fr<>(]uently  de- 
generates into  oats,"  etc.  He  ])ublished  also  an 
account  of  two  voyages  to  New  England,  wherein 
you  have  the  setting  out  of  a  ship  with  the  charges, 
a  descrijjtion  of  the  country,  etc.,  1074.  —  Siilli- 
raii's  Maine,  332;  Jlulchinson,  I.  207,  208; 
Dintiilans,  ii.  71. 

JOY,  Josicrii  Green,  died  at  Nahant  July  21, 
1850,  aged  07,  a  man  of  refined  taste  and  kindly 
feeling,  endeared  to  his  friends. 

JUDD,  TiKiMAs,  the  first  of  the  name  of  Judd 
in  this  country,  died  at  Northam])ton,  Mass.,  Nov. 
12,  10S8,  aged  about  80.  His  descendants  of  the 
name  of  Judd  down  to  this  time,  eight  or  nine 
generations,  were  more  than  2000.  He  came 
from  England  about  1033,  and  settled  in  Cam- 
bridge; thence  he  removed  in  1030  with  the 
colony  to  Hartford;  and  thence  to  Farmington 
about  1044,  where  he  was  a  first  settler,  one  of  the 
seven  jiillars  of  the  church,  a  deacon  and  man  of 
influence,  many  years  deputy  to  the  general  court. 
In  1079  he  married  C'leinence,  widow  of  Thomas 
Mason  of  Northamptim,  to  which  town  he  re- 
moved, as  she  had  a  good  estate  and  no  children. 
His  own  six  sons  and  three  daughters  were  all 
married  and  had  children.  Two  of  his  sons  set- 
tled in  Mattatuck  or  A\'aterl)ury.  The  daughter 
of  one  of  them,  Mary,  the  daughter  of  Thomas, 
was  the  mother  of  Kev.  Dr.  S.  Hopkins.  T.  J. 
was  one  of  the  eighty-four  pro])rietors  of  Farm- 
ington and  four  or  five  other  towns,  so  that  large 
tracts  were  distributed  to  his  children.  His  de- 
scendant, Sylvester  Judd  of  Northami)toii,  lias  in 
this  year,  1850,  published  "  Thomas  Judd  and  liis 


486 


JUDD. 


JUDD. 


descendants,"  a  Rcncalofjical  work,  containin{» 
names  and  notices  of  1KS2  jiorsou'*,  amoiif;  whom 
lienjamin  occurs  -l!)!)  limes,  William  iiTO,  Thomas 
325.  —  iJuihl'K  (i'iiicn!oi/>/. 

JUDD,  Timothy,  the  brotlier  of  Rev.  Jonathan 
Judd,  died  in  Wcstlun-y  society  in  AVaterlniry, 
Conn.,  in  1790,  afjed  82.  He  was  a  representa- 
tive of  the  town  for  more  tlian  twenty  sessions  of 
the  general  court.  He  made  full  trial  of  matri- 
mony, for  he  had  in  succession  five  wives. 

JUDD,  Jonathan,  the  first  minister  of  South- 
ampton, Mass.,  died  July  28,  ISOIf.  a^ed  83.*  He 
was  of  the  sixth  generation  from  Thomas,  and 
the  son  of  Cajjt.  AN'illiani  of  AN'estbury  in  Water- 
bury.  He  was  graduated  at  Yale  in  1741,  in  the 
class  of  Dr.  Ho])kins  and  liuell  and  of  Wm.  Liv- 
ingston. He  was  setllcii  when  the  church  was 
formed,  June  8,  1713.  His  house,  standing  in 
180G,  was  i)alisaded  in  t-vo  French  and  Indian 
wars.  His  four  sons  were  each  above  six  feet  in 
height.  His  ministry  lasted  sixty  years.  V. 
Gould  was  his  colleague  in  1801.  His  wife  was 
Silence,  the  daughter  of  Capt.  J.  .Sheldon  of 
Northampton;  his  second  wile,  in  1790,  was  Kuth, 
widow  of  Itev.  A.  IJidwell,  and  by  her  ho  had  no 
children.  He  was  a  faitliful  minister,  an  eminent 
Christian,  and  a  true  patriot.  During  his  minis- 
try, 091  jjcrsons  were  received  into  the  church. 
His  sermons,  about  3,000,  were  by  his  order  com- 
mitted to  the  flames.  He  pubHshed  a  sermon  to 
the  soldiers,  17u9,  and  one  in  the  select  sermons. 
—  Jiuld's  (lcnraln(jij. 

JUDD,  Wii.i.iA.M,  major,  of  the  sixth  genera- 
tion from  Thomas,  died  at  Farmington,  Conn.,  in 
1804,  aged  01.  He  was  the  son  of  AVilliam  of 
Farmington.  He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1703; 
was  a  j)Oinilar  man,  and  many  years  a  rejirescnta- 
tivc.  In  theKevolutionary  war  he  was  an  officer; 
and  afterwards  conspicuous  in  the  democratic 
ranks  in  the  ])arty  divisions  of  his  day.  He  \)nh- 
lished  an  address  to  the  people  only  five  days 
before  his  death. 

JUDD,  JoNATii.vN  Sheldon,  Dr.,  son  of  Sol- 
omon of  Wcsthanipton,  and  of  the  eighth  gener- 
ation from  Thomas,  died  in  Onondaga  Hollow  in 
1813,  aged  33.  His  daughter,  Louisa  Melissa, 
has  been  many  years  a  teacher  at  the  south  and 
west. 

JUDD,  Jonathan,  son  of  Rev.  Jonathan,  died 
unmarried  at  Southanijiion  Jan.  30,  1S19,  aged 
74.  He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1705;  taught  Hat- 
field grammar  scliool  a  few  years,  and  then  was 
engaged  in  mercantile  business.  His  i)ropcrty 
of  14,000  dollars  went  to  his  brothers,  sisters,  and 
nephew,  who  gave  1,000  dollars  to  the  llamijshire 
education  society. —  Sylvester  Judd's  Genealogy 
of  Judd. 

JUDD,  Syi.vf.ster,  son  of  Rev.  Jonathan  J., 
died  in  Wcsthampton  Sept.  19, 1832,  aged  neai-ly 


80.  Tie  was  a  farmer  and  trader,  much  employed 
in  ])ublic  business.  He  was  a  representative  and 
a  member  of  the  convention  to  form  the  c<msli- 
tution  of  Massachusetts.  liy  his  wife,  Hannah 
Hurt,  he  had  eleven  children.  His  grand-daughter, 
Clarissa  Lyman,  married  Rev.  J.  H.  Risbee,  and 
Tiiercsa  married  Rev.  George  Lyman.  His  son, 
Sylvester  of  Xortham])ton,  is  known  for  his  his- 
torical and  antiquarian  researches.  I'eriiajis  there 
is  no  man  who  lias  made  such  a  collection  of 
New  England  historical  facts  since  the  first  dis- 
covery of  our  coast. 

JUDD,  i;iii:N  Warner,  Dr.,  settled  at  Middle- 
bury,  Vt.,  about  1800,  and  died  in  1837,  aged  70. 
He  was  of  the  seventh  generation  from  Thomas. 
He  was  a  surveyor  and  was  emjjloyed  in  the 
northern  jiarfs  of  Vermont.  He  lived  for  a  while 
in  Nortlnnnberland,  where  the  falls  in  the  Con- 
necticut river  were  called  Judd's  falls.  He  dis- 
covered mar])le  at  Middlebury  about  1802,  and 
erected  a  water-mill  with  sixty  teethless  saws  for 
sawing  marble,  which  o])erated  for  years.  A 
daughter  married  Dr.  Eells  of  Cornwall.  —  Judd's 
Ofncalogy. 

JUDl),  Freeman,  brotlier  of  E.  "W.  J.,  the  son 
of  Ste])hen  of  Westbury,  Conn.,  died  in  Lock- 
port,  N.  Y.,  at  the  house  of  his  son  Alfred,  in 
1840,  aged  84.  He  was  a  carjicnter.  He  and  his 
brother  served  in  the  attack  njion  Quebec  by 
Arnold  in  1775,  and  jiublished  a  journal  of  their 
movements  from  Roston  to  Quebec.  He  often 
preached  as  a  Methodist. 

JUDD,  Dkmas,  of  the  seventh  generation  from 
Thomas,  died  in  Jefl'erson,  N.  Y.,  in  1841,  aged 
87.  He  was  taken  at  fort  Washington  in  the 
Revolutionary  war,  and  was  confined  in  the  Jer- 
sey ])risoii  ship.  His  wife  died  in  1840 ;  they 
had  fourteen  children. 

JUDD,  I'lnathan,  Dr.,  of  the  seventh  genera- 
tion from  Thomas,  died  in  Troy,  Mich.,  in  1845, 
aged  72.  He  was  the  father  of  Dr.  Judd  of  the 
Sandwich  Islands,  liorn  in  Watertown,  Conn., 
he  emigrated  to  Paris,  N.  Y.,  and  wns  there  a 
respected  jihysician  for  thirty  years.  He  was  a 
Christian  of  fervent  ])iety,  and  died  in  jieaee. 
His  daughter  married  A.  R.  Rates,  attorney-gen- 
eral under  the  king  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands. 

JUDD,  Sylvester,  a  Unitarian  minister,  died 
in  Augusta,  Me.,  Jan.  20,  1853,  aged  39.  The 
son  of  Sylvester  J.  of  Nortliam])ton,  and  grand- 
son of  Rev.  Jonathan  J.,  he  was  of  the  eighth 
generation  from  Thomas.  He  graduated  at  Yale 
in  1830;  studied  theology  at  Cambridge;  and 
was  ordained  Oct.  1,  1840.  Ho  was  a  liublic  lec- 
turer, and  ])nblishcd  various  discourses.  He  mar- 
ried Jane  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Reuel  A\'illiiniis 
of  Augusta,  and  left  three  daughters.  His  life  by 
Miss  A.  Hall  was  iiublished  in  a  small  vohinie. 
In  liis  New  Year's  sermon,  a  few  weeks  before  hit 


JLJ)D. 


JUUSON. 


487 


death,  he  inquired  — "  Or  will  you   follow  your  1 
pastor   to  the   f;rave  P "    Tiie  next   day  he  was 
taken  sick  of  hilious  colic,     lie   had  a  jieculiar 
frankness  and  inde])endence,  ntlerinf;  his  tliouf;hts 
boldly;  and  lie  was  a  man  of  kindly  synii)atliies, 
hi^'hly  esteemed   hy  tiiose  who  did   not    accord 
with  him  in  his  reli^'ious  notions.    Mr.  Judd  pub- ; 
lished  Marjiaret,  a  New  Kn^diind  tale,  1840;  an  j 
edition  in  2  vols.,  I.SJO;  I'hilo,  a  ])oem  in  hlank  , 
verse;  and  Richard  I'dney,  a  tale,  IS.OO.     In  ref- j 
crence  to  his  book,  Murf^aret,  a  tale,  the  artist, ! 
rdix  P.  C.  Darley,  ])rei)ared  in  1S,3G  thirty  larjie, 
hcaiitifnl  illustrative  plates,  which  were  ])ul)lished  ^ 
hv  I'hillijjs,  Sampson  and  Co.,  of  lioston,  at  10 
dollars  in  hoards.     The  church,  in  a  series  of  dis- 
courses, was  a  ])oslhumous  work,  IHol.  —  Ci/clop. 
of  Anirricdii  J.i/i'niliire  ;  JiidtVii  (Iriicd/n;/;/. 

JUDD,  j.ois,  widow  of  Elihu  Judd  of  IJethel, 
Conn.,  died  at  AVilton  An;;;.  '2',i,  l.S.jj,  af:;cd  102 
years  and  10  months.  Her  maiden  name  was 
Dikcman  of  Uethel.  She  married  a  second 
husband ;  but  his  name  is  not  ascertained. 

JUDKINS,  I'lllLii',  died  at  I'arkman,  Me., 
Oct.  27,  18ol,  afi;ed  103;  a  jjensioner. 

JUDSON,  David,  minister  of  Newtown,  Conn., 
died  in  177(i,  aged  about  (K).  He  was  graduated 
at  Yale  in  1738.  He  jjubhshed  church  discipline, 
a  sermon,  1770;  on  church  government,  in  reply 
to  KosR,  1773. 

JUDSOX,  Andiii'.w,  minister  of  Eastford  in 
Ashford,  Conn.,  died  in  1801,  aged  about  00.  He 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1775. 

JUDSON,  Epiiuaim,  minister  of  Sheffield, 
Mass.,  died  Feb.  23,  1S13,  aged  70.  He  was 
born  in  AVoodbury,  Conn.,  the  son  of  Capt.  Elna- 
tlian  J.,  a  descendant  of  William  of  Concord  in 
103 j,  and  of  Xew  Haven.  Ho  graduated  at 
Yale  college  in  1703.  After  being  some  years 
the  minister  of  Chelsea,  or  the  second  church  of 
Norwich,  as  the  successor  of  Dr.  Whitaker,  he 
was  dismissed,  and  was  succeeded  by  Walter  King. 
He  was  next  settled  as  the  minister  of  Taunton, 
Mass.  In  May,  1780,  he  was  settled  at  Sheflield 
as  the  successor  of  John  Keep.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded by  James  Bradford.  ])uring  his  ministry 
of  twenty-two  year.s  only  sixty  were  added  to  the 
church.  In  the  next  fifteen  year.')  three  hundred 
and  twenty-nine  were  added.  He  was  mild,  cour- 
teous, hos])itable,  and  faithful  as  a  preacher  of 
the  gospel,  yet  a  little  eccentric.  He  published  a 
sermon  at  the  ordination  of  J.  Strong,  1789;  of 
E.  Eitch,  1795;  of  H.  Weeks  and  D.  Smith, 
1799;  two  sermons  in  a  collection. —  Sjiraffue's 
Anna  it. 

JUDSON,  Ann,  missionary  to  Burmah,  died 
Oct.  24,  1826,  aged  30.  She  was  the  daughter 
of  John  Hasscllinc  of  Bradford,  Mass.,  and  was 
born  Dee.  22,  1789.  In  early  life  she  was  gay, 
enterprising,  active,  and  eager  for  the  acquisition 


of  knowledge.     She  wat  educated  at  the  ncnd- 
emy  of  her  native  town.     At  the  age  of  sixteen 
she  became  ])i<nis.     ,Slie  married  Adoniram  Jud- 
son,  Jr.,  a]i]ioiuted  a  missionary  to  India,  Eeb.  5, 
1812.     In  his  letter  to  her  father,  asking  his  eon- 
sent  to  the  marriage,  Mr.  Jud^on  said:    "I  have 
now  to  ask,  whether  you  can  consent  to  her  depar- 
ture for  a  heathen  land?   whether  you  can  con- 
sent to  her  ex])osure  to  the  dangers  of  the  ocean; 
to  every  kind  of  want   and  distress;  to  degrada- 
tion, insult,  persecution,  and    ])erha])s  a  violent 
death  ?     Can  you  consent  to  all  this,  for  the  sr.ke 
of  Him  who  left  his  heavenly  home  and  died  for 
her  and  for  you  P  "    She  was  the  first  American 
female  who  made  u])  her  muid  to  go  to  India  as 
a  missionary.     She  sailed  from  Salem  Eeb.  19, 
with  Mrs.  Newell,  and  arrived  in  June  at  Cal- 
cutta.    While   residing   there,  she   and  her  luis- 
band  adopted  the  i)rinci])les  of  the  Baptists  and 
were  bajjlized  Sept.  0.    Mr.  Itice,  also,  a  mission- 
ary, was  ba])tized  Nov.  1.     As  the   missionaries 
were  ordered  to  (piit  India,  she  sailed  to  the  Isle 
of  Erance,  where,  (m  her  arrival  Jan.  17,  1813, 
she  was  informed  of  the  death  of  Mrs.  Newell  in 
Nov.    She  ])roceeded  in  July  to  Itangoon  in  Bur- 
mah.   A  few  I'",nglish  missionaries  had  been  there 
since  1807.     Alter  studying  the  language  .several 
years,  Mr.  Judson  began  to  ])reacli  and  to  publish 
tracts  in   the   Burman    language.     He  was  also 
joined  by  the  missionnries,  Hough,  Colman,  and 
A\'iieelock.     In  Jan.,  1820,  Mr.  Judson  made  a 
fruitless  visit  to  the  emperor  to  obtain  jiermission 
to  ])ropagate  the  Christian  religion.     In  conse- 
([uence  of  this  refusal,  Mr.  Colman  was  induced 
to  remove  to   Chittagong,  near  which   jilace   he 
died  July  4,  1822.     Mr.  Wheelock  was  also  de- 
ceased, and  Mr.  Hough  had  dejjarted,  so  that  Jlr. 
and  Mrs.  Judson  were  loft  alone  at  Itangoon. 
Several  converts  were  baiitized  in  1820.     In  eon- 
sequence  of  alarming   illness,  Mrs.  Judson  left 
Bangoon  in  Aug.,  1821,  and  rejiaircd  to  Calcutta, 
and  thence  to  England.     In  Sept.,  1822,  she  ar- 
rived at  New  Y'ork.     After  visiting  her  friends  at 
Bradford  for  a  few  weeks,  she  was   induced,  on 
account  of  her  health,  to  pass  the  winter  in  the 
milder  climate  of  Baltimore,  where  Dr.  Ehiathau 
Judson,  an  only  brother  of  her  husband,  resided. 
Here  she  lived  in  retirement  and  wrote  an  inter- 
esting work,  a   history  of  the  Burman  mission, 
in  a  series  of  letters  to  Mr.  Butterworth,a  mem- 
ber of  the  parliament,  in  whose  house  she  was 
received  while  in   I'.ngland.     She  sailed  on  her 
return  June  22,  1823,  from  Boston,  with  the  mis- 
sionaries, Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wade,  and  arrived  at  Cal- 
cutta in  t)ct.,  and  in  Dec.  ]n'oceeded  to  Kangoon. 
In  the  same  month  she  accomjianied  her  husliand 
to  Ava,  the   capital.     The   Bengal    government 
invaded  Ihnmali  in  May,  1824.     June  8tli,  Mr. 
Judson  Avas  seized  and  imi)risQned,  with  Dr.  Price 


488 


JUDSON, 


and  othtrR.  Durinfr  liis  iniprisnnmrnt  of  morr 
thiiii  a  year  mid  a  half,  nine  moiillis  in  tlircf  pair 
of  fi'ttcrs,  two  iiioMtlis  ill  five  pair,  —  amidst  iiidc- 
scribalilc  Kuffcriiif^s,  —  Mrs.  Jiidson  repaired  every 
day  two  miles  to  the  prison,  prejiared  food  for  her 
husliaiid,  and  administered  to  tiie  wants  of  tlie 
prisoners,  and  made;  constant  ajiplicalion  to  tlie 
government  for  their  lives  and  their  deliverance, 
until  at  last,  on  the  aj)proacli  of  the  Itritish  army, 
she  had  the  liappincss  to  announce  to  them  their 
freedom. 

"  O  woman  — 
Wlii'M  |i  liii  iind  .inuiiisli  wring  tlio  lirow, 
A  miiiiitciiiig  uiigi'l  thou! '' 

In  March,  182G,  she  jiassed  down  tlie  Irrawnddy 
to  the  Hritish  cam)),  when  (ien.  Archibald  Camp- 
bell received  her  with  the  kindness  which  she 
deserved  for  the  elo(iueiit  ap])cals  to  the  jiroud 
liurman  (jovernnieiit,  of  which  she  was  the  author, 
and  which  ctnitribiited  to  tlie  j)eace.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Judson  now  settled  in  the  new  town  of  Am- 
herst on  the  Salwen  river.  ]!ut  after  a  few 
months,  in  the  absence  of  Mr.  Judson,  she  died 
there  of  a  fever.  This  fatal  event  is  to  be  ascribed 
to  her  sufferings  at  Ava.  In  a  few  months  lier 
only  surviving  child,  Maria,  died.  They  were 
buried  beneath  a  large  liojie  tree,  the  Ilojna. 
Her  little  son,  Roger  Williams,  was  buried  at 
llangoon.  She  was  a  woman  of  unquestioned 
piety  and  most  benevolent  zeal.  Her  talents,  too, 
were  of  a  high  order.  No  female  missionary  ever 
passed  through  such  scenes  of  sufTenng,  or  made 
such  efforts  of  benevolence  in  sickness  and  amidst 
perils  and  difficulties  of  every  kind.  When,  at  a 
future  time,  the  gosjiel  shall  tnum])h  over  the 
superstitions  of  the  east,  her  name  will  be  hon- 
ored throughout  all  Ikirniah.  A  very  interesting 
memoir  of  her  life  was  jiublished  by  James  1). 
Knowlcs,  2d  ed.,  Uoston,  lH2i). 

JUDSON,  Ado.nikam,  the  lirother  of  Ejihraim, 
died  at  Scituate,  Mass.,  in  1820,  aged  70.  IJorn 
at  Woodbury,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  lllo,  and 
was  the  minister  of  Maiden  from  Jan.,  178",  till 
Se])t.,  1701 ;  and  then  of  Wenham  from  1792  to 
17S)!);  and  then  of  riymouth  from  1802  to  1817. 
He  afterwards  connected  himself  with  llie  IJa])- 
tists  and  preached  in  several  jdaces.  He  was  the 
father  of  the  missionary  of  the  same  name.  He 
published  a  sermon  on  tlie  landing  of  our  fathers, 
1802.  —  Spi'dipie's  AniKils. 

JUDSON,  Samui;!,,  minister  forty  years  of 
Uxiiridge,  died  Nov.  11,  18;j2,  aged  about  (32. 
He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1700.  Till  his  last  ill- 
ness he  performed  the  public  services  of  every 
Sabbath. 

JUDSON,  AnoMEVM,  D.  D.,  Baptist  mission- 
ary at  Burniah,  son  of  theKev.  A.  J.,  died  at  sea 
April  12,  1800,  aged  02.  He  left  Maulmain  in 
ill  health  April  3, 18o0,  iii  the  French  barque 


KALM. 

.Vrislido  Marie,  bound  for  the  islo  of  Dourdeaiix. 
lie  was  constrained  to  leave  Mrs.  J.  behind. 
In  nine  days  lie  died,  in  latitude  1,0°  north, 
and  longitude  U'^'P  east,  within  the  range  of 
islands  along  the  oast  of  Malacca ;  and  the 
same  evening  was  I  ricd  in  the  sea.  He  had 
lieeii  more  than  tliirtx  eight  years  in  service,  hav- 
ing emtiarked  in  1812  ;  and  was  one  of  the  first 
and  most  emini'iit  of  the  American  missionaries 
in  the  east.  He  was  born  in  Maiden,  graduated 
at  lirown  university  in  1S()7,  and  at  Andovcr 
seminary  in  1810.  He  jiuljlisbed  a  sermon  on 
ba|)tism,  1812;  a  dictionary  of  the  Burman  lan- 
guage, 1820. 

JUDSON,  Emii.y  Cini;r.i( k,  the  widow  of 
the  missionary,  Adoniram  Judson,  died  in  Ham- 
ilton, N.  Y.,  June  1,  18,Vf,  aged  about  40. 
She  was  a  native  of  Morrisville,  N.  Y.  She  lie- 
came  a  teacher  in  the  female  seminary  at  Utica. 
As  a  writer  under  the  name  of  Fanny  I'orrester, 
she  contributed  in  1811  to  the  New  Y'ork  Weekly 
Mirror.  At  ]'hiladel]ihia  she  liecame  accpuiinted 
with  Dr.  Judson,  who  employed  her  to  write  his 
deceased  wifr''s  biograiihy.  ]n  the  subsecpient 
conference  he  became  convinced  that  she  might 
su])])ly  the  jilace  of  the  departed ;  and  he  jier- 
suaded  her  to  yield  to  his  wishes.  They  were  mar- 
ried in  July,  1810,  and  jiroceeded  to  ^laulraain, 
where  she  lived  till  his  deatli.  She  was  generally 
known  by  her  pen-name  of  raiiny  l-'orrestcr,  and 
her  writings  were  accejitable  to  the  jiulilic.  It 
was  in  July,  18-10,  that  she  embarked  with  her 
liu.sband  for  India.  Soon  after  his  death  in  1800 
she  returned  to  this  country,  and  for  the  last  two 
years  of  her  life  was  in  feelde  health.  Her 
mother  died  in  1850.  She  publislied  Alderbrook, 
and  memoirs  of  her  husband.  —  Cycl.  of  Amer. 
Lileralurc. 

JVXiVl'Ai,  a  distinguished  chief  of  the  Semi- 
nole Indians,  died  at  New  Orleans  A])ril  18, 1838. 

K.\LB,  ISahon  I)E,  major-general  in  the  army 
of  the  United  States,  was  a  German  by  birth,  and 
had  long  been  in  the  French  service.  In  the  bat- 
tle near  Camden,  Aug.,  1780,  he  fell,  after  receiv- 
ing eleven  wounds  in  his  vigorous  exertions  to 
])revent  the  defeat  of  the  Americans.  He  died 
Aug.  10,  aged  47,  having  served  three  years  with 
high  rejiutation.  His  last  moments  were  kpent 
in  dictating  a  letter,  which  e.\])resscd  his  warm 
affection  for  the  men  and  officers  of  his  division, 
and  his  admiration  of  tlieir  firmness  and  courage 
in  withstanding  a  superior  force.  An  ornamen- 
tal tree  was  jdanted  at  the  head  of  his  grave  in 
the  neighborhood  of  Camden,  and  congress  re- 
solved, that  a  monument  shoidd  lie  erected  to  his 
memory  at  Annajiolis  with  a  very  honorable  in- 
scri])tion. —  Ciordoii,  III.  301,  443;  Ramsay,  II. 
108;  Worrcv,  II.  243;  Mamliall,  IV.  184  ;  JIulmcs. 

KALM,  Pktku,  a  naturalist,  was  a  Swede,  and 
was  seat  to  America,  ia  1748,  to  collect  itil'orma- 


I'! 


KANT. 


KF.ITH. 


489 


tion  conrrrning  Its  botany.    In  two  or  tlirro  years  I 
lie  Iravclli'd   lhrouf,'h  Canndii,   New   York,  anil  j 
Pennsylvania.     He    was  afterwards  ])rofcss<)r  of 
economy  in  Swedish  Finland,  where  he  died  Nov. 
1(),  1T7!».     In  honor  of  him  the  heaulirul  h'o/iiii'i 
received  its  name.     His  travels  in  Xortli  Aiucrica 
were  ])ulilishcd  at  Oottingen,  I'TA  ;  the  same  in  ' 
Enfihsh,  .'J  vols.,  1770;  2  vols.,  Hvo.,  1772.     He  I 
puhlishcd   also   an   account  of  the  cataracts   at ! 
Niaj^ara,  17ol. 

K.VNT,  James,  minister  of  Trumhull,  Conn., ' 
died  in  1840.     He  was  settled  in  1H2«. 

KAltNKS,  Sauah  AV.,  Mrs.,  died  in  New  York 
in  IH.VJ,  affcd  117  years,  hoing  Ijorn  in  17117. 

KAST,  I'lili.lP  GoDFRlDi'Dr.,  an  eminent  jdiy- 
sician  in  Boston,  died  at  Haverhill  April  28,  1701, 
aged  87. 

KAST,  Thomas,  Dr.,  died  in  Boston  Jmio  20, 
1820,  aged  09.  He  was  the  son  of  ])r.  Philip 
(Jodfrid  Kast,  and  was  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
17()0.  His  profession  he  studied  in  Kuroi)e,  and 
returned  to  IJoston  in  1774.  From  1810  to  1817 
lie  was  also  in  Europe  for  his  health.  Ho  had 
a  well-deserved  rciiutation  in  his  jirofession, 
and  was  especially  cmhient  in  obstetric  practice. 
For  many  years  ho  had  extensive  practice  as  a 
physician  and  surgeon.  —  Thucher. 

ivAVANAGH,  Edwaud,  governor  of  Alainc, 
died  in  Newcastle  Jan.  20,  1844,  aged  48.  He 
had  been  a  member  of  congress. 

KI'^AN,  Andukw,  Dr.,  died  in  Goochland,  Va., 
in  1837,  aged  C2,  one  of  the  most  eminent  physi- 
cians of  Va. 

KEAllNEY,  Fkaxcis,  an  eminent  "engraver, 
died  at  Perth  Amboy,  N.  J.,  in  1837,  aged  52. 

KEARNEY,  Jamks  A.,  Dr.,  died  hi  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico  Aug.  27,  1847.  Ho  was  fleet-surgeon 
of  the  home  sijuadron,  and  had  been  nearly  forty 
years  a  skilful  olllcer  of  the  navy. 

KEAUXF^Y',  Srw'iiKN  W.,  major-general,  died 
at  St.  Louis  Oct.  31,  1848,  aged  54.  He  was 
thirty-six  years  in  the  army,  and  served  in  New 
Mexico  and  California. 

KF^.UiSLEY',  John,  a  physician  of  Pliiladel- 
phia,  was  a  native  of  England  and  came  to  this 
country  about  1711.  As  a  member  of  the  assem- 
bly, his  speeches  for  the  rights  of  the  colony  were 
so  acceptable  that  ho  was  sometimes  carried 
home  on  the  shoulders  of  the  people.  He  died 
Jiui.  11,  1772,  aged  88.  He  contributed  much 
for  buildhig  Christ  church,  and  the  hos])ital  of 
that  church  for  widows  he  endowed  with  a  valua- 
ble estate. 

KEEP,.T()IIN,  minister  of  Sheffield,  Mass.,  died 
Sept.  3,  1785,  aged  35,  in  the  thirteenth  year  of 
his  ministry.  He  succeeded  Mr.  Hulibard  and 
was  siicceodod  l)y  Mr.  Judson.  Born  in  Long- 
meadow,  probably  a  descendant  of  John  Kcej) 
who  died  in  Longmeadow  in  1075,  he  was  grad- 
es 


iinted  at  Yale  in  1700,  and  was  ordained  in  1772. 
Such  were  his  talents  and  eloipience,  that  few 
|iriaehers  were  so  much  commended.  He  was  a 
candidate  for  the  ])r()fessorsliij)  of  divinity  at 
Yiilc,  when  Mr.  Wales  was  chosen  in  17H2.  His 
widow,  daughter  of  llev.  P.  Itoliliins,  married  J. 
W(iodl)ridge.  — llisLaf  llcrLnliire. 

Kl'.ITH,  Jami:s,  first  minister  of  Bridgcwatcr, 
Mass.,  was  a  native  of  Scotland,  and  educated  at 
.Mierdeen.  He  was  ordained  I'eb.  18,  lOOl,  and 
died  July  23,  1710,  aged  75.  He  had  six  sons 
and  two  (laughters.  His  descendants  in  Bridge- 
water  in  isio  were  two  hundred;  and  there  were 
many  more  in  other  towns.  His  successors  were 
Daniel  Perkins,  who  died  Sejit.  20,  1782,  aged 
85,  and  John  Peed.  He  was  of  singular  sweet- 
ness of  temper  and  eminent  piety.  In  his  preach- 
ing he  did  not  use  notes.  He  ])ublished  a  case 
of  prayer, on  the  establishment  of  a  new  society; 
he  and  J.  Daiiforlh,  two  .sermons,  1717.  — Mat/f 
cr'n  St'i'.'iKiii. 

KF;ITH,  GixiiUii;,  a  Quaker,  w.as  born  at  Ahor- 
deon,  Scotland,  and  was  well  educated.  He  came 
in  1082  to  I'last  Jersey,  whore  he  was  surveycn'-gen- 
eral.  In  lOSO  he  taught  a  school  in  Pliiladel|)liia. 
After  writing  various  treatises  in  favor  of  the  Qua- 
kevs,  and  visiting  New  iMigland  for  the  propaga- 
tion of  his  sentiments,  on  his  return  a  schism 
occurred  between  him  and  the  Quakers  in  1091. 
Ho  drew  away  many  as  his  followers,  who  called 
themselves  Ciirlstian  Quakers.  At  length  he  en- 
tirely deserted  the  society ;  in  England  he  be- 
came an  F'.])iscopalian,  and  ho  oflicialcd  as  an 
]';])isco])al  missionary  about  a  year  in  New  Y'ork 
and  Boston.  Pepairing  again  about  1700  to 
Ivigland,  he  was  a  rector  at  F;dl>urtoii  in  Sussex, 
where  he  died.  He  had  learning,  talents,  acute- 
ncss,  and  logical  skill,  but  was  initable,  overbear- 
ing, and  virulent.  He  had  nothing  of  moderation, 
meekness,  and  charily.  In  his  day  the  contention 
uiiiong  the  Quakers  was  vehement.  The  following 
are  the  titles  of  some  of  his  many  publications  : 
immediate  revelation  not  ceased,  1(;08  ;  the  way 
to  the  city  of  (iiid,  1()78;  the  I'rcsbyterian  and 
Independent  churches  in  New  llngland  brought 
to  tho  test,  1089;  this  was  answered  in  1090  by 
the  Boston  ministers,  in  their  I'rotestanl  religion 
maintained;  the  ]!retended  antidote  ])roved  poi- 
son, in  answer  to  the  iireeeding,  1090;  account 
of  the  great  division  amongst  tho  (iuakers  in 
J'ennsylvania,  1092;  more  divisiims,  1093;  against 
Sam.  Jennings,  1094;  a  plain  discovery  of  many 
gross  cheats  in  pamjihlets  by  tho(iuakers;  ac- 
count of  his  travels,  1099;  the  Deism  of  Wm, 
Penn  and  his  brethren  destructive  of  tho  Chris- 
tian religion,  l(i99  ;  account  of  a  national  church 
and  the  clergy ;  reasons  for  renouncing  Quaker- 
ism, 1700;  account  of  the  Quakers'  politics;  the 
magic  of  (iudvorism,   1705 ;  journal  of   travels 


490 


KEITH. 


KENDAL. 


h   '  "■t\f 


from  New  Ilamjishirc  to  Caratuck,  1700;  new 
thcorj'  of  the  longitude,  1709.  —  iVoic/,  i.  3G3- 
376  i  Scwall's  Hint.  50  l-CC  1. 

KEITH,  Sir  William,  >fovcnior  of  I'mnsylva- 
nia,  RUNtained  this  oflicc  from  1717  to  I'L'O.  He 
had  been  before  siirveyor-geiiernl  of  the  customs 
in  America.  Ho  died  in  England  in  jioverty,  Nov. 
17,  1749,  aged  near  KO.  lie  was  a  desperate  in- 
triguer, courting  always  the  favur  of  the  ])eo])k', 
and  not  sjjaring  of  delusive  jjromises  to  individ- 
uals. At  last  lie  Ktnik  into  contemjjt.  He  jjub- 
lished  the  history  of  tlie  IJritish  j)lantations  in 
America,  part  l.,  containing  the  history  of  Vir- 
ginia, 4to.,  1738;  collection  of  ])apers  and  tracts, 
1749;  on  the  subject  of  taxing  the  colonies,  1707. 

KEITH,  Is.uc  Stockton,  D.  D.,  minister  of 
Charleston,  S.  C,  died  Dec.  14,  IHl.'j,  aged  08. 
He  was  born  in  Uucks  county,  Penn.,  Jan.  20, 
1705,  and  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1770.  He 
■was  the  minister  of  Alexandria  in  Virginia  for 
about  ten  years  till  1788,  when  ho  was  settled  at 
Charleston  as  ^he  colleague  of  Dr.  Hollingshcad. 
There  his  ministry  of  twenty-five  years  was  longer 
than  that  of  any  of  his  eleven  predecessors.  He 
died  suddenly.  His  first  wife  was  the  daughter 
of  Ilev.  Dr.  Sjjroat ;  his  second  the  daughter  of 
Thomas  Legarc  of  Charleston;  liis  third  the 
daughter  of  Wm.  Huxham.  He  was  an  eminent 
Christian  and  a  faithful  ])astor.  To  his  church  he 
bequeathed  5000  dollars,  and  half  that  sum  to 
the  general  assembly.  To  each  of  about  twenty 
children,  bearing  his  name  or  that  of  one  of  his 
wives,  he  bequeathed  Scott's  commentary.  A  col- 
lection of  his  sermons,  addresses,  etc.,  with  an 
account  of  his  life  by  Dr.  Flinn,  was  published, 
181G.  —  Panopl.  xi., 44 1-448 ;  Spnujuc's  Annals. 

KEITH,  Kkikl,  D.  D.,  died  Sept.  3,  1842. 
He  was  an  eminent  scholar,  teacher,  and  clergy- 
man ;  the  princi])al  of  the  Episcopal  theological 
seminary  near  Alexandria. 

KELLOGG,  JosKPii,  was  taken  prisoner  at 
Deerfield  in  1703.  He  acted  as  Indian  interpre- 
ter at  the  treaty  of  Albany  in  1704,  and  as  such 
was  to  accompany  Shirley  to  Oswego;  but  he 
died  on  his  way  at  Schenectady  in  1706. 

KELLOGG,  GiLKS  Crouch,  Dr.,  died  at  Ilad- 
ley  in  1793,  aged  about  CO.  He  was  adopted 
and  educated  by  Dr.  Crouch,  a  bachelor  and  phy- 
sician of  H.,  who  came  from  England ;  he  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1701,  and  had  the  ec- 
centricity of  Dr.  C. 

KELLOGG,  I'liENKZEU,  the  first  minister  of 
Vernon,  Conn.,  died  Sept.  3,  1817,  aged  80,  in 
the  fifty-fifth  year  of  liis  ministry.  He  graduated 
at  Yale  in  1757. 

KELLOGG,  Bela,  minister  of  Avon,  Conn., 
died  in  1831,  aged  50.  He  was  a  graduate  in 
1800  in  the  sixth  class  of  Williams  college. 

KELLOGG,  Elijah,  a  minister  in  Portland, 
Maine,  died  there  in  March,  1842,  aged  80.    Born 


in  South  Hadlcy,  Mass.,  he  graduated  at  Dart- 
mouth in  1780,  and  was  minister  of  the  second 
church  in  I'ortland  from  1788  to  IHII,  Mr.  Par- 
son  iieoniing  his  colleague  in  1807;  then  of  iho 
(  cha])el  clnirch  from  1812  to  1821.     He  was  after- 
ward a  missionary  from  the  society  for  proj.agat- 
ing  the  gosjiel  to  the  (Juoddy  Indians,  living  in 
i  Perry  Pleasant  Point,  near  I']ast])ort,  Me.     Tho 
,  Passiimaquoddies,  the  Indian   name,  means  pol- 
I  lock  fish.     Schoodak  signifies   burnt  land  ;  Sock- 
urn  chief,  Seepee  river.     Mr.   K's.  vocabulary  of 
the  Quoddy  language  is  published  in   Hist.  Coll., 
vol.  III.,  3(1  series.     He  ])ubhshed  an  oration  on 
\  the  death  of  Uev.  T.  Smith,  1790. 
!      KELLOGG,  David,  I).]).,  died  at  Framingham, 
:  Mass.,  Aug.  13,  1843,  aged  87.     A  native  of  Am- 
j  herst,  Mass.,  ho  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1770, 
j  and  was  jiastor  from  1781  to  1830.     His  son  is 
Judge  Daniel  K.  of  Vermont.     He  published  a 
masonic  sermon,  1790.  —  Hprariue's  Annuls. 

KELLOGG,  I'^iiEXKZEU,  professor,  died  in  Wil- 
liamstown,  Mass.,  Oct.  2,  184G,  aged  57.  He  was 
born  in  Vernon,  Conn. ;  graduated  at  Yale  in  1810  ; 
in  1810  ho  was  elected  professor  of  Greek  and 
Latin  in  Williams  college,  which  office  he  use- 
fully discharged. 

K1;LLY,  William,  the  first  minister  of  War- 
ner,  N.  IL,  died  in  1813,  aged  G5.  He  was  the 
son  of  John  of  Atkinson,  who  died  in  1783,  agtd 
84;  graduated  at  Harvard  in  17C7;  was  ordained 
in  1772;  and  dismissed  in  1801.  His  son,  John, 
a  coimcillor  at  law,  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in 
1804.  —  Farmer. 

KELLY,  Moses,  colonel,  the  sheriff  of  Hills- 
borough county,  N.  IL,  died  Aug.  2,  1824,  aged 
85.  He  was  the  brother  of  William.  His  father 
and  three  preceding  ancestors  ui)to  John  of  New- 
bury bore  the  name  of  John.  —  Farmer. 

KELLY,  John,  minister  of  Ilampstead,  N.  IL, 
died  in  1848,  aged  85.  Born  in  Amesbury,  Mass., 
he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1791,  and  was 
ordained  in  1792.  He  was  a  descendant  of  John, 
a  first  settler  of  Newbury,  who  died  in  1644. 
He  published  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  Dr.  W. 
Cogswell,  1831. —  Sprnyue's  Annals. 

KEMP,  John,  LL.  1).,  jirolbssor  of  mathema- 
tics in  Columbia  college,  N.  Y.,  died  in  1812,  aged 
49.  Born  in  Scotland,  he  was  educated  at  Maris- 
chall  college,  Aberdeen.  Before  the  age  of  twen- 
ty-one he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  royal 
society  of  Edinburgh.  He  began  his  toils  at 
Columbia  college  in  1785.  He  was  appointed  in 
1780  to  an  additional  professorship  of  geograjjhy, 
history,  and  chronology.  In  1810  he  made  a 
journey  to  lake  Erie,  and  satisfied  himself  that 
the  project  of  a  canal  was  feasible. 

KEMPER,  James,  president  of  Walnut  Hills 
college,  Ohio,  died  Aug.  29,  1834,  aged  80. 

KENDAL,  Samuel,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Wes- 
ton, Mass.,  died  Feb.   16,   1815,  aged  60.    He 


KENPALL. 


KER. 


491 


wns  a  descendant  of  Franris  K.,  who  lived  in  | 
AVnl>iirn  in  KilT,  was  horn  ut  SlicrbiiriK"  July  11.  ■ 
l"j;j;  liis  father,  I'.lisha  K.,  tlicd  in  ISiil  at  tiic 
nfjo  of  U!).     Ik"  was  graduated  at  Harvard  col- 
Irjio  in  17H2,  and  was  onhiined   Nov.  .1.  I'So.  , 
Ills    two   wives  were  tlie    diui;,'hters    of  .Sunuiel 
Woodward,  iiis  ])r('deressor  in   the  ministry,  and 
descendants  of  Richard  Mather.     He  pnlili>iied 
a  sermon  at  tiie  ordination  of  T.  M.  Harris,  17'Jt ; ' 
(It  tli.anksffivinf; ;    at   ordination   of   1'.  Nourse, ; 
1802;  at  the  election,  IHOIj  seven  sermons  for 
the  youiifj,  niakiiij^  8th   numher  of  the  Christian 
monitor,  IHO.Sj  on  the  death  of  S.  Dexter,  ISIO;  [ 
ccntnry  sermon,  IHl.'J.     A  volume  of  his  sermons 
was  ])nl)lished  after  his  death. 

Kl'lXDALL,  Samii:!.,  the  first  minister  of  New 
Salem,  Mass.,  died  Jan.  .'H,  l"i)2,  aj^edSl.  Born  in 
Wohuni,  he  was  a  p;radualc  of  Harvard  in  1731  ; 
was  ordained  in  1742;  and  dismissed  in  177(). 
Joel  Foster  was  his  successor  from  177t*  to  1S02. 

K]':X]).\LL,  ])AVU),  died  in  Augusta,  X.  Y., 
Feb.  1!»,  1H0;5,  aged  Ho.  Born  hi  Athol,  Mass.,  he 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1704,  and  was  minister 
of  Huhhardston  from  1802  to  1800.  He  removed 
to  Augusta,  Oneida  county,  where  he  was  pastor 
till  his  death. 

KFX])11ICK,  J.,  captain,  a  navigator,  lost  his 
life  on  the  northwest  coast  in  1800,  or  towards 
the  close  of  the  last  century.  Born  in  Martha's 
Vincvard,  his  residence  was  at  Warcham. 

IvicXDlMCK,  NAni.vMix,  ]).]).,  late  presi- 
dent of  Madison  university,  died  at  Hamilton, 
N.  Y.,  Sejit.  18,  1848. 

Ki;Xl)UICK,  Wii,i,i.\M  Poole,  minister  in 
Bristol,  Illinois,  died  in  18i'54  or  18ij3,  aged  61. 
He  was  a  native  of  Hollis,  N.  11.;  a  graduate  of 
Harvard  in  18 IG;  a  theological  student  at  An- 
dover. 

Ki;XXI':i)Y,  Wii.i.iAM  M.,  a  Methodist  minis- 
ter, died  in  Newbury,  h>.  C,  in  1840,  aged  oC. 

KEXXEDY,  John  II.,  minister  at  Cannons- 
burg,  I'enn.,  died  in  1840,  aged  38. 

Kr;XXEl)Y,  E.  I'KXDLinox,  commodore  in 
the  navy,  diiul  at  Norfolk  March  29,  1844,  aged 
Go,  of  jiaralysis.  He  was  in  command  of  the  ilag 
Bliip  I'ennsylvania. 

Kl'^NNEDY,  Andrew,  died  in  Indiana  Dec. 
31,  1847,  aged  37.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he 
could  neither  read  nor  write  ;  yet  became  a  law- 
yer, a  member  of  the  State  senate,  and  of  con- 
gress from  1841  to  1847. 

KEXNISON,  Jex.ny,  died  at  Brookfield,  N.  II., 
Dec.  27,  1840,  aged  110,  the  oldest  person  in 
New  Hampshire. 

KI':XNIS'rON,  D.vviD,  died  at  Chicago  Feb.  24, 
1802,  aged  117  ;  the  last  of  the  party  who  de- 
Btroved  the  tea  at  Boston. 

KEXXISTON,  John,  of  Greenland,  N.  II.,  was 
killed  by  the  Indians  April  10,  1077,  and  his 
house  burnt. 


KEXNON.  Br-.vrni.iY.  commodore,  was  killed 
by  the  explosion  of  the  great  gun  on  board  the 
steamer  I'rinceton,  Fell.  28,  1841.  He  was  chief 
of  the  bureau  of  eonslruetion,  etc.  He  had  a 
high  rcimtaiion  in  the  navv. 

KKXl'.  Ei.isiiA.  died  at  I'billpiii,  N.  Y..  July 
17,  177(i.  ii,L,'ed  nearly  7'J,  i;i  the  t'nrty-second  year 
of  his  niiiiislry.  .\  native  of  Siitlield.  Conn.,  tho 
sou  of  John  Kent  and  .Miigail  Dudley,  he  was 
graduated  at  Yale  in  172!).  He  was  a  minister 
of  talents  and  iiilhieiice,  and  of  a  humble,  Cliris- 
liaii  eharatter.  His  son,  Moss  Kent,  the  father 
of  Cliaiicellor  Kent,  graduated  at  Yale  in  1752, 
and  died  in  17!»l,  aged  about  02,  a  lawyer  in 
Duchess  county,  X.  Y. 

KEXT,  JcisKi'ii,  Dr.,  governor  of  Maryland, 
died  near  Bladensburg,  Nov.  24,  18;J7,  aged  08. 
He  was  a  jihysician  and  farmer;  many  years  a 
rejiresentative  ;  governor  from  182(i  to  1S29  ;  and 
senatin-of  the  United  States  from  1833  to  1837. 

KEXT,  WiM.iAM  A.,  colonel,  died  in  Concord, 
N.  H.,  -Vjiril  7.  1840,  aged  70,  a  member  of  the 
State  senate  and  treasurer  of  the  State.  He  was 
a  man  much  respected  for  liis  virtues. 

KEXT,  Jami;.s,  chancellor,  died  at  New  York 
Dec.  12,  1847,  aged  84.  He  was  born  in  17G3, 
in  Duchess  county;  his  father  was  Moss  Kent, 
his  grandfather  was  I'.lisha  Kent.  He  graduated 
at  Yale  in  1781,  studied  law  with  I'l.  Benson,  and 
practised  law  in  I'oughkeepsie  and  New  York. 
In  1707  he  was  recorder  of  the  city;  in  1798  a 
judge  of  the  sujireme  court;  in  1804  chief  jus- 
tice; in  1814  chancellor;  and  he  retired  from 
oilice  July  31,  1823,  at  the  age  of  sixty,  as  re- 
([uired  by  the  constitution.  His  brother,  Moss 
Kent,  was  a  senator  of  the  United  States.  His 
lectures  as  law  jirofessor  of  Columbia  college 
were  the  basis  of  his  coninientaries.  He  was 
eminently  a  virtuous  and  good  man,  respected 
and  beloved.  He  lived  long,  contented  and 
jirosperous,  and  was  eminently  hapjiy  in  domestic 
life.  His  commentaries  on  American  law,  pul)- 
lislicd  in  4  vols.,  in  1830,  were  by  him  enlarged. 
I  His  important  decisions  in  law  and  equity  are 
I  preserved  in  the  rejiorts  of  Caines  and  JohiiRon. 
His  biogra])hy,  it  is  said,  is  prejiaring  by  his  son, 
William  Kent.  —  American  Almanac,  1849; 
Cijclopcdiii  of  Amer.  Literature. 

Kl'^NTOX,  SixioN,  general,  died  in  Logan 
county,  Ohio,  April  29,  1830,  aged  82.  He  was 
a  companion  of  Col.  Boone,  in  exploring  the 
western  country  and  commencing  new  settle- 
ments. Many  were  his  hardships.  Once  he  was 
tied  to  a  stake  by  the  Indians  to  bo  burned,  but 
was  rescued  by  a  friend. 

KI'^K,  Nathan,  I'rosbytcrian  minister  at  Go- 
shen, N.  Y.,  more  than  forty  years,  died  Dec.  21, 
1804,  aged  08.  Born  in  New  Jersey,  he  gradu- 
ated at  Princeton  in  1701.  He  published  a  ser- 
mon on  the  church  and  union,  and  on  God's 


492 


KETiR. 


KILLEN. 


m] 


sovereignty  in  the  American  preacher,  vols.  III. 
and  IV. 

Kl'^llK,  IIamii.ton,  major,  was  the  son  of  Mat- 
thew of  l'liiiii<li'l])liia,  who  cmi^iratcd  to  the  Mus- 
kingum in  1"H7.  Ih^  was  u  liohl  luiuter  on  tiie 
frontiern,  os  related  l)y  Ilildrelh.  His  descend- 
ants are  many. 

KEIUJ,  ]{()iii;nT,  a  minister  of  tlie  Scotch  I'res- 
byterian  church,  died  at  Savannali  in  .June,  1805, 
hoviiiR  l)een  a  ]ireacli('r  tliirty-two  years. 

KEUll,  J().si:pii,  I).  1).,  jiastor  of  tiie  Associate 
Reformed  clnu'cii  at  Pittsburg,  died  in  18'J?). 

KliTKl/l'AS,  AnuAiiAM,  minister  of  Jamaica, 
L.  I.,  (Ued  Sept.  30,  )7!)8,  aged  CO.  He  was  tlie 
son  of  a  minister  of  the  same  name  ;  was  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  college  in  17j2  ;  and  was  settled  at 
first  the  minister  of  Elizaheth.  He  jn-eached  flu- 
ently in  Dutch  and  French.  In  1777  he  was  a 
member  of  the  convention  wliich  framed  the  con- 
stitution of  New  York.  His  wife,  tiie  daughter 
of  William  Smith,  a  distinguished  man,  died  in 
1815,  aged  84.  Ho  jjublished  a  sermon  on  ex- 
tortion, 177H,  and  other  occasional  discourses. 

KEY,  I'nii.ii'  liAitTON,  a  member  of  congress 
from  Maryland,  died  at  Georgetown  July  2H, 
1815,  aged  50.  His  eloquent  resistance  to  the 
restrictive  system  gave  him  celebrity. 

KEY,  FuAXC'is  S.,  district  attorney  of  the 
United  States,  died  at  IJaltimore  Jan.  11,  18-13, 
aged  03.  Horn  in  Frederick  county,  Maryland, 
his  father  was  John  Itoss  Key,  an  officer  of  the 
Revolutionary  army.  He  was  educated  at  St. 
John's  college,  Annajjolis.  Haxing  studied  law 
with  his  uncle  Philij),  he  lived  in  Fredericktown 
and  Washington.  He  was  a  brother-in-law  of 
Chief  Justice  Taney.  His  jioems  were  published 
in  New  York  in  1856.  His  star-spangled  banner, 
a  song,  was  written  on  an  occasion  of  deep  inter- 
est, with  the  inspiration  of  patriotism  and  of 
poetry.  —  Ci/clopedia  of  American  Lileraiurc. 

KEYES,  Abraham  J.,  a  Jew,  jjastor  of  the 
Hebrew  congregation,  Philadelphia,  died  Oct.  18, 
1828,  aged  47. 

KEYS,  Thomas,  a  Methodist  minister,  died  in 
Jefferson  county,  Virginia,  in  1828,  aged  57. 

Kn)D,  William,  a  jjirate,  was  the  commander 
of  a  vessel  which  sailed  irom  New  York  to  Lon- 
don, and  in  London  was  recommended  by  Mr. 
Livingston  of  New  Y'ork  as  a  suitable  conmiander 
of  a  vessel,  which  Lord  llumney  and  others  had 
fitted  out  against  the  pirates  of  the  East  Indies, 
at  an  expense  of  GOOO  pounds.  Kidd  first  sailed 
to  New  York,  where  he  had  a  family ;  on  his 
arrival  in  India  he  committed  many  daring  acts 
of  piracy.  In  his  infatuation  ho  came  from  Mad- 
agascar to  Boston.  July  3,  1099,  he  was  sum- 
moned before  Governor  Bellamont,  and  ordered 
to  draw  up  a  narrative  of  his  proceedhigs.  But 
not  doing  this,  he  was  arrested  July  6th,  with 
several  of  liis  men.     A  man-of-war  was  sent 


from  England  to  transport  them  thitlier  for  trial, 
'I'licy  were  condemned  and  executed.  IJradish, 
who  was  executed  at  the  same  time,  liad  rini  away 
with  the  ship  .Adventure  on  a  voyage  to  India,  and 
arrived  in  March,  Kill!),  at  the  east  of  Long 
Island,  where  he  had  dejiosited  in  the  care  of  a 
gentleman  his  money,  rings,  and  jewel:).  Multi- 
tudes of  weak-minded  men  have  dug  along  tho 
American  coast  in  search  of  Kidd's  money,  im- 
agining that  he  liad  concealed  gold  and  silver  on 
the  shores.  Such  dupes  of  covetousncss  would 
do  well  to  dig  the  soil. 

KIl)l)EH,J(is!;i'ii.minisferof])unstable,N.TT., 
died  in  1818,  aged  70.  Born  in  Billerica,  he 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1704;  was  ordained  in  1707; 
was  dismissed  in  1796,  but  conthiued  pastor  of 
the  church  till  his  death. 

KILBOBX,  Jonathan,  died  in  Colehester, 
Conn.,  in  1785,  aged  78.  He  was  a  very  inge- 
nious mechanic,  and  is  said  to  have  been  the  in- 
\enlor  of  the  iron  screw. 

KILBl'UN,  John,  a  brave  man,  the  first  settler 
in  1749  of  Walpole,  N.  H.,  died  Ajjril  8,  1789, 
aged  84.  His  son,  John,  died  at  Shrewsbury, 
Vt.,  in  1 822,  aged  also  8 1.  Kilburn's  garrison  was 
attacked  by  about  two  hundred  Indians  in  1755. 
His  force  eonsistedof  himself  and  wife  and  daugh- 
ter, his  son  John,  and  John  I'eak  and  his  son. 
Phili]),  the  Indian  chief,  cried  out  from  behind  a 
tree,  "  Old  John,  young  John,  I  know  you,  come 
out  here ;  me  give  you  good  quarter."  —  "  Begone, 
or  we'll  quarter  you!"  was  the  rcjjly.  The  in- 
cessant firing  lasted  till  night,  the  females  casting 
bullets. 

KII;LAM,  Rkbecoa,  died  at  Hillsborough,  N. 
11. ,  in  Sej)t.,  1856,  aged  103  years  wanting  nine 
days.  Shu  was  the  widow  of  IJaniel  K.,  a  soldier 
under  Washington  near  Boston. 

KILLEN,  Williaji,  chancellor  of  the  State 
of  Delaware,  died  at  Dover  Oct.  3,  1805,  aged 
83.  He  was  a  native  of  Ireland.  Early  in  life, 
before  he  had  attained  the  age  of  manhood,  he 
arrived  in  America,  having  an  excellent  educa- 
tion in  the  English  language.  After  j)assing 
through  a  variety  of  scenes,  incideotal  to  stran- 
gers, he  settled  himself  in  tho  family  of  Samuel 
Dickinson,  the  father  of  John  Dickinson  of  Wil- 
mington. There  he  devoted  liimself  most  assid- 
uously to  the  acquisition  of  a  comjjetent  knowl- 
edge of  the  Greek  and  Latin  languages,  under 
the  direction  of  Jacob  Orr,  who  was  engaged  in 
teaching  the  sons  of  Mr.  Dickinson,  and  some 
other  young  gentlemen.  The  diligence  and 
modesty  of  Mr.  Killen  made  him  a  favorite  of  the 
whole  family,  and  particularly  of  his  instructor. 
His  unwearied  attention  was  rewarded  by  a  rapid 
proficiency  in  liis  studies.  After  holding  the  oflico 
of  county  surveyor  for  some  years,  he  commenced 
the  study  of  the  law.  In  the  courts  of  Delaware 
his  knowledge,  and  especially  his  skill  in  survey- 


KILPATniCK. 


KIXO. 


493 


in;f  nnd  in  various  lirani'hrs  of  ilip  nintlicnKitlcs, 
rciiiliTcd  liim  an  alilc  iissisiaiit  lit  suits  tor  Iniiil, 
mill  ill  micli  trials  tho  most  emiiu'iit  men  of  his 
(lav  wore  always  plcasid  to  associate  villi  liiiii  as 
their  coilcafjuc.  His  jiraclicc  soon  hccanic  rxtcii- 
Hivc.  1  lis  iiio<K'ralii)ii,  his  niodcsty,  ami  his  ]'mii('- 
tiiality  ill  Inisiiu'ss,  aided  hy  his  aliilitics,  UmI  him 
to  wealth  and  to  all  the  Imiiors  of  his  eountry.  For 
innny  years  liel'ove  the  Uevohilion  he  was  selected 
by  his  fellow  ellizens  to  represent  them  in  the 
ossenildy.  of  ])e!aware.  At  the  eoininenecnient 
of  the  eoiilest  wilh  (ireat  liritain  he  took  a  de- 
cided and  active  jiart  in  favor  of  Anierieaii  liherty. 
Soon  nl\cr  the  deciaralioii  of  indejjendeiice  he  was 
appointed  chiif  jiisliee  of  the  su])i'enu'  court  of 
the  State  of  Delaware,  which  ofllce  he  held  till  he 
was  ])roinoted  to  that  of  chancellor  in  17!);j.  He 
rcsi;iiied  his  seat  in  the  court  of  chancery  in  IHOl. 
Ill  all  the  variety  of  public  business,  in  which  he 
waH  en;,'a;^ed,  ho  (>xhibited  the  strictest  lnle;^rity. 
As  a  lef^islator  ho  was  wise  and  attentive  to  the 
interests  of  his  constituents,  and  as  a  jndf^c  ho 
was  learned,  ])aticiit,  and  impartial.  The  same 
uprif,'fitiiess,  which  marked  his  piililic  character, 
was  also  conspicuous  in  all  the  relations  of  private 
life.  — A>H'  Viii/c  Sj>rrl,itoi;0(;L  122,  1SI)5. 

KILrATUICK,  Josi.l'li  ]).,  minister  in  lUith- 
crford  co.,  N.  C,  died  in  KSl>!). 

KIMltALL,  Thomas,  of  Ipswich,  one  of  the 
first  settlers  of  llradford,  Mass.,  was  killed  by 
the  Indians  May  3,  1G7G  ;  nnd  his  wife  and  five 
children  wore  carried  prisoners  into  the  wilder- 
ness, but  returned  in  a  few  weeks.  —  Fanner. 

KDIIJALL,  D.VNIKI,,  founder  of  Union  acad- 
emy in  I'lninfiold,  N.  H.,  died  in  March,  1817, 
ajj;cd  GJi.  lie  gave  the  academy  between  20  and 
3(),0(l()  dollars. 

KIMJSALL,  James  L.,  died  in  1833,  aged  31. 
A  native  of  Lyndon,  Vt.,  and  a  graduate  of  Dart- 
mouth in  1S2 1,  he  was  secretary  of  the  American 
tract  society,  lioston. 

KIMBALL,  T.,,sr.i'ii  lIouArr,  died  at  I'em- 
broke,  N.  II.,  Ai)ril  1 1,  1838.  He  had  been  editor 
of  the  Herald  of  Freedom  at  Concord.  He  and 
J.  A.  Thome  visited  tlic  West  Indies  and  pub- 
lished I'^mancipation  in  the  West  Indies,  a  si.\ 
months'  tour,  etc. 

KIMBALL,  Inckeasic,  the  inventor  of  the  first 
machine  for  nialdng  cut  nails,  died  at  Hanover, 
N.  II.,  Sept.  10,  ISofi,  aged  80.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  church.  At  the  age  of  thirty  he  gave 
signs  of  derangement.  In  the  controversy  be- 
tween the  college  and  the  university,  he  espoused 
the  side  of  the  latter,  which  was  annulled  by  de- 
cision of  the  supreme  court.  In  his  displeasure 
he  took  a  vow  never  to  shave.  So  he  lived  with 
a  long  white  board,  and,  regarding  himself  as  a 
Jew,  he  would  not  eat  pork,  wearing  a  long  white 
robe  girt  about  his  loins.  In  the  course  of  half 
a  century  such  a  change  came  over  the  world  that 


ho  fiaw  many  mm,  who  used  to  regard  his  long 
board  as  a  proof  of  insanity,  themselves  wearing 
long  beards  without  being  doomed  insane.  His 
invention,  pate"!i'd  in  istit;,  was  of  no  advantage 
to  hliii.  as  hi'  1  not  sell  out  his  right. 

KINC.MD,  .>■  >iiY,  Mrs.,  died  in  Monroe  CO., 
Va..  Nov.  13,  i.s;!S,  aged  1(10. 

KiN(i,  .\Mil(i;\v,  died  in  Orange  co.,  X.  Y., 
Nov..  ls;,-j,  aged  (;!».  Ho  had  been  there  a  faith- 
ful minister  for  forty  years. 

Kl\(i,  W\i.'iiii,  rniiiistor  of  Willlani-lown, 
Mass.,  died  1  lee.  I,  IHl,'),  aged  .")7.  jioni  at  Wil- 
braliiiin,  ho  graduated  at  Yale  in  1 78'.',  and  was  a 
faitlilul  I'aslor  of  the  second  church  in  .N'lU'wich, 
Conn.,  from  1787  for  twonty-lbur  years,  when  ho 
was  dimiissod  without  any  impeaehmont  of  his 
eharactor.  He  was  loss  than  three  years  at  Wil- 
lianistown,  in  ennso(iiienee  of  a|ioi  iexv,  which 
sc'ized  him  in  the  ]iulpit  as  lie  was  preaching  a 
lecture.  He  w;is  a  solmin  ])reiicher  luid  a  man 
of  prayer.  Ho  published  a  sermon  at  ordination 
of  Daniel  Hall,  17!)7j  on  taking  leave  of  his 
poo]ile.  —  rdiKijili.sljXn.  J).  Ml;   Spriii/iic'.t Jn- 

KING,  Cyi:is,  major-general,  died  at  Saco, 
Me.,  April  2.>,  1817,  aged  11.  Tlie  son  of  lUch- 
ard,  hewas  born  at  Scarborough.  Ho  was  the 
lirivato  secretary  of  his  l)rolhor  Itufiis,  in  London, 
then  studied  law  in  I'ortland.  In  1812  ho  was  a 
inombor  of  congress,  and  his  siieeches  exhibited 
a  splendor  of  language  and  a  profusion  of  im- 
agery, in  ()p])osing  the  increase  of  taxes  and  on 
the  bill  for  iiiiing  the  ranks  of  the  army  in  1814. 

KING,  llti  rs,  minister  of  the  Uiiitecl  States  to 
Great  liritain,  died  April  20,  1827,  aged  72.  lie 
was  the  eldest  son  of  Itichard  King,  a  merchant 
of  Scarborough,  Mo.,  and  was  bom  in  Miio, 
I'rom  l)uniinor  academy  at  Bylield  he  went  to 
Harvard  college,  about  the  time  of  the  death  of 
his  father.  His  studies  had  boon  interrupted  at 
the  beginning  of  the  war  by  the  oecujjation  of  the 
college  buildings  as  barracks,  but  wore  resumed 
at  Concord.  He  graduated  in  1777,  with  reputa- 
tion for  classical  attainments  and  jjarticularly  for 
his  ])owers  of  onitory,  to  the  culture  of  which  ho 
had  applied  himself  with  great  zeal.  In  1778  he 
was  an  aid  to  Sullivan  in  an  expedition  against 
the  British  in  Khode  Island.  After  studying  law 
with  Mr.  Parsons,  lie  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1780  at  Newlmryport,  by  which  town  he  wan  soon 
afterwards  chosen  a  reiirosentative  in  the  legisla- 
ture. It  being  recommended  by  congress  to  the 
States  about  1781  to  grant  a  6  per  cent  impost  to 
the  general  government,  a  distinction  arose  be- 
tween the  federal  and  the  State  interests.  In 
the  debate  which  followed,  Mr.  King  sujiported 
the  grant,  and  prevailed,  and  James  Sullivan,  the 
most  popular  sjietiker  in  the  house,  opjioscd  it. 
The  legislature  appointed  him  in  1784  a  delegate 
to  congress,  then  in  session  at  Trenton,  but  soon 


494 


KINO. 


KING. 


m 


k'    > 


m 


mljoumrd  to  Now  York,  in  wliicli  liody  lio  iiitro- 
Uuccd,  March  ITH.'i,  n  rcsoliilion,  proliiliiliiig 
slnvi'ry  in  tlio  tcrritor)  norlinvi'st  of  liie  Ohio. 
Of  the  eoMvcniion  in  I'M"  to  Conn  tiic  jircscnt 
constitution  of  tlic  I'nitcd  States  he  was  nn  ctli- 
cient  nicnihcr,  ttM  he  was  also  of  the  Massafhusi'tts 
convention  for  considcrinj^  that  constitulion. 

llnviiiff  n'linquishcil  his  jjrofi'ssion  in  17.S1,  and 
in  1780  having  married  tiie  (hiiif,'liter  of  John 
Also]),  nn  opulent  merchant  of  New  York,  he  re- 
moved in  t7HS  to  that  city.  In  17S!»  he  and 
Gen.  Scluiyh'r  were  elected  senators  undit-  the 
conNtitution  of  the  United  States.  Dminj;  the 
violent  discussions  res])ectinf;  the  liritish  treaty  in 
1791,  ho  co-operated  with  his  friend,  Gen.  Hamil- 
ton, in  its  defence.  Of  the  pa])evs  conceining 
this  treaty,  with  the  sifjnature  of  Camillus,  usually 
ascribed  to  Hamilton,  all  the  numbers,  e.\cei)t 
the  first  ten,  were  written  by  Mr.  Kin;;,  dis])lay- 
ing  much  acejuaintance  with  the  laws  of  ililferent 
nations  on  the  Kubjects  of  navigation  and  trade. 
When  a  jietition  was  ])resented  against  allowing 
Mr.  Gallatin  to  take  his  seat  as  senator,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  law  of  naturalization,  a  warm  de- 
bate arose ;  the  right  to  the  seat  was  maintained 
by  Taylor,  ^Monroe,  and  Uuvr,  and  ojjposed  suc- 
cessfully by  Ellsworth,  Strong,  and  King.  On 
this  occasion  Mr.  King  displayed  great  talents  as 
an  orator.  Being  re-elected  to  the  senate,  he 
was  nominated  by  Washington  in  1700  mhiister 
plenipotentiary  to  Great  Britain.  At  the  l']nglish 
court  he  remained  during  the  administration  of 
Mr.  Adams,  and  two  yea.'s  of  that  of  Mr.  Jeffer- 
son, with  great  advantage  to  his  country.  His 
dignity,  mildness,  and  firmness  promoted  the  ad- 
justment of  several  difficult  claims.  The  conven- 
tion as  to  boundaries  was,  however,  rejected  by 
Mr.  Jefferson,  from  misa])])rehension,  perhaps,  ns 
to  its  effect  on  the  boundary  of  Louisiana,  which 
had  been  purchased.  Had  this  convention  been 
adopted,  the  northeastern  boundary,  wliich  has 
occasioned  much  uneasiness,  would  have  been  set- 
tled by  three  commissioners,  two  appointed  by 
the  ])arties,  and  the  third  by  the  two.  Mr.  King 
made  great  efforts  to  induce  the  British  to  re- 
nounce the  practice  of  impressing  American  sea- 
men. After  his  return  in  1803  he  lived  in  retire- 
ment until  the  war  of  1812,  when  he  came  forward 
in  support  of  his  country.  In  consequence  of 
the  patriotic  spirit  which  he  manifested,  the  dem- 
ocratic legislature  of  New  York  api)ointed  him 
in  1813  a  senator  of  the  United  States.  His 
speech  concerning  the  conduct  of  the  enemy  in 
the  destruction  of  the  city  of  Washington,  gained 
him  great  honor.  In  1810  he  was  an  unsuccess- 
ful candidate  for  the  office  of  governor  of  New 
York,  lie-elected  to  the  senate  in  1820,  he 
brought  forward  the  important  law,  requiring  cash 
payments  upon  sales  of  the  public  lands.  In  the 
discussions  relating  to  the  admission  of  Missouri 


into  the  union,  lie  enih  ivored  to  extend  to  tlint 
State  the  piohibilion  of  Uivery,  whi(  h  had  been 
wisely  inijiosed  upon  the  northwest  territory. 
The  last  proposition  which  he  brought  forward 
was  to  devote  the  proceeds  of  the  public  lerrilory 
to  the  removal  of  slaves  and  IVie  persons  of  color 
to  some  country  beyond  the  liniils  of  the  I'nited 
States. 

On  retiring  from  the  senate  in  182fl  he  was  in- 
duced by  .Mr.  .Vdanis  to  proceed  ogain  as  n  min- 
ister to  the  British  court,  in  the  hope  of  adjusting 
several  disputed  (piestions.  But  an  overrnJiMg 
I'rovidenee  did  not  jicrmit  him  to  accomplish  the 
objects  which  he  had  in  view.  During  his  voyage 
he  was  attaclu'd  by  a  disease,  often  the  conse- 
(]uence  of  a  voyage,  which  ])revented  him  from 
entering  upon  the  active  discharge  of  his  duties. 
.\fter  remaining  abroad  a  year  without  amend- 
ment, he  returned  to  die  in  his  luitive  land  and  in 
the  bosom  of  his  family.  He  died  at  Jamaica 
Long  Island,  in  a  comjjosed  and  resigned  state 
of  mind.  In  jjcrson  Vv.  King  was  above  the 
common  size,  and  somewhat  athletic,  with  a  coim- 
tenancc  manly  and  bes,!.jaking  high  intelligence. 
His  conversation  and  ■vitinga  were  remarkable 
for  conciseness  and  lorce. 

KING,  Fui;i)i:uic  Gum:,  M.  D.,  died  at  New 
York  in  182!),  aged  27.  The  youngest  son  of 
Rufus  Ku)g,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1821, 
and  studied  medicine,  especially  anatomy,  in  New 
York  and  in  France.  He  gave  lectures  at  the 
athenunmi,  on  phrenology  and  on  the  structure  of 
the  human  voice.  To  the  national  academy  i.'f 
desij'ti  iiO  lectured  on  anatomy.  He  was  surgeon 
in  tl.:'  New  York  hosj)ital,  and  he  gave  lectures 
on  the  preparations  in  the  museum. — Dr.  Wil- 
lianm'  Am.  Med.  Bioif. 

KING,  JoxAS,  died  in  Ilawlcy,  Mass.,  in  18.12, 
and  Abigail,  his  widowv  died  in  1839,  aged  7G. 
These  persons  were  happy  in  being  the  jiarcnts 
of  Jonas  King,  who  has  been  for  many  years,  and 
is  still,  the  distinguished  American  missionary  at 
Athens  in  Greece. 

KINO,  Edward,  general,  died  at  Cincinnati 
Feb.  G,  1830 ;  a  distinguished  lawyer,  formerly 
speaker  of  the  house  in  Ohio. 

KING,  Elisha  W.,  a  distinguished  lawyer  of 
New  York,  died  at  Brooklyn  Dec.  3,  1830,  iiged 
JO. 

KING,  David,  M.  D.,  a  physician  in  Newport, 
II.  L,  died  Nov.  14,  1830,  aged  02.  Born  at 
Ilaynham,  Mass.,  he  graduated  at  Brown  univer- 
sity in  1796,  and  studied  j)hysic  with  Dr.  Thacher, 
of  Plymouth,  settling  at  N.  in  1799.  The  medi- 
cal library  of  Dr.  Center  came  opjjortuncly  into 
liis  possession.  With  great  independence  lie 
adopted  Jcnner's  practice  of  inoculation.  He  was 
surgeon  to  the  U.  S.  troops  at  fort  Wolcott. 
Dm-ingthe  prevalence  of  the  yellow  fever  in  1819, 
he  would  not  admit  the  contagious  character  of 


KINO. 


KIUK 


10.-) 


thp  (llKoasf,  but  nscrllicil  its  iircvuIciH'c  Ion  jjrti-  ]  IR'J'Jj  skcl. .    '<(  liUtor)-  of 
cnil  cailNC.      Ill'  Will  u  ;,'oimI  |ill_\^il■i;lll,  ami   |i|ri-  ,  tirl\   Itr^jisti-r,  M>l.  Mil. 
(Irrit   of  till'   llliuik-    Wand    iiuilicivl   hoeii'lv.— I      klN'KI'.l,|K)\.   AnvM, 


ilci'illrgi         QkuHr- 


tf.  ir.  WillliimH  Am.  Mr.l.  Hi,,,/. 

KINC.  Wii.r.iAM,  Dr.,  tlifil  in  lloston  in  iH.'iii,  | 
Ogi'il  "H.  lie  WiiH  till'  inMMlor  of  lljjlitiiln;,'  vmU, 
liaviu);  many  |>(iints  alon;;  tlii'  nul.  It  is  saiil 
tliat  111-  i>a\v  at  tlic  smitli  a  i'()in|iany  of  Mildicis, 
whose  Ijuyoncts,  in  ii  storni,  wi'ic  all  li|i|ii'(t  wiili 
the  rli'Ctric  llanii',  wliiili  Icil  liiin  to  his  invi'ntion. 

KIX(',  Asa,  ilii'il  in  WrstninisiiT,  Conn.,  Di'c. 
2,  IHl'J,  nf^i'il  7H.  Horn  in  Maii'lirid.  lie  was  a 
minister  forty-six  years;  nine  years  at  I'onifnt, 
twenty  years  at  Xoitli  Killinfjworlh.  His  laljors 
were  reniariialily  elfectiial  and  snceessful. 


I  (  ilhdli'  ni!ii(^4er« 
died  at  New  Orleans  in  l.S.'JT.  He  w.i  <  jiliifaut- 
ihropisl,  the  founder  of  an  aKMielalion  ;  llw  re- 
lief of  male  or|jhans. 

Kl.NNAUD,  (ii()U(,i:  I,.,  imnilier  c,i  ,  ■  ^s 
from  Indiana,  died  al  Cineinnali  Nov.  °J(),  iN.iii.ia 
eonseiiueiice  of  I  lie  exj)losion  of  the  steaniliottt 
I'lora,  on  the  Ohio,  No' .   Kith. 

KINM".,  .Vaisiin,  minister  of  Clroton,  Conn., 
died  ,)nly  !l,  is.'l.  a;,'ed  7!l.  lie  was  horn  at 
N(  went  ill  Norwiiii,  now  l.islion,  was  jjradiialc  d 
al  Yah' eolli'<,'e  in  ITU.),  and  was  ordained  Oit., 
1770.     'I'he   massarre  of  I.edvard  and   oIIutm  of 


KINO,  Wll.i.iAM,  ({overnor,  died  at  I'ath,  Me.,  liis  jieoiile,  at  fort  (iriswoid,  diminished  his  means 
Jniic  17,  lHo'2,  ajjed  HI.  Horn  in  Scarhoronj;h,  of  siipjiort.  At  hist,  in  17!ts,  he  was  dismissed. 
0  brother  of  Kiifus  Kinj;,  ho  enf,'af,'e(l  in  eoin-    In  l.HiiO  lie  resided  in  Winstiil,  in  iSd.'Jat    I'^re- 


nierce  at  llalli.  lie  was  tlie  llrsl  jjovernor  of 
Maine;  he  was  also  eommissioner  on  the  Spanish 
claims,  and  eolleetor  of  the  port  of  Itath. 

KINO,  Wll.r.iAJI  11.,  viee-iiresident  of  the 
United  States,  died  in  Selma,  or  C'ahawba,  Ala., 
April  lif,  IH.J.'J,  aj^ed  (iS.  Horn  in  North  ('aro- 
lina,  he  was  representative  and  senator  nineteen 
ycar.s ;  mhiister  to  1'' ranee  from  IHl.j  to  181!); 
for  many  years  president  of  the  senate.  lie  was 
a  man  of  probity,  industry,  and  of  a  gentlemanly 
bcarinj?. 

KING,  James  G.,  son  of  Itufus  Kin-j;,  died  at 
IIij;hwood,  N.  J.,  Oct.  4,  ISOa,  a<,'e(l  02.  He  was 
nn  emaient  banker  in  New  York,  the  brother  of 
Charles  Kiiifj,  president  of  Columbia  college.  — 
Liven  of  Aiifiiiiiii  Mircliaiiln. 

KINGSHiaiUY,  .S.vMoiii).  judge,  died  in  Gar- 
diner, Me.,  in  181!),  aged  ()(>.     liorn   in   Clare 


mont,  Mass.  and  in  lstl."<  he  reniovi  d  to  .Mtoril. 
He  was  oeeasionally  eni|iloyi(l  liy  ihr  IJcrlvshire 
missionary  society.  He  died  at  'ralmadge,  Ohio, 
at  the  house  of  his  son-in-law,  Dr.  Wright,  live 
days  after  his  arrival  there.  He  was  a  failhfid 
preacher.  He  jtublished  a  work  on  the  soiishij) 
of  Christ;  a  ilis])lay  of  Scripture  ]irophecies, 
lHl;{;  an  explanation  of  the  tyjies,  proiihecies, 
revehilion,  etc.,  Hvo.,  ]H11. 

KINNl'.Y,  1Ii:miy,  missionary  to  the  Sand- 
wich Islands,  died  Sept.  21,  ikj-I.  He  sailed 
with  his  wife  in  tS17,  and  was  stationed  at  Kaii 
on  Hawaii.  Ill  health  induced  him  in  IN.M  to 
repair  to  California,  and  he  died  at  Sonora,  "  the 
mountain  city,"  in  great  peace.  His  Inlidel  doc- 
tor said  :  "  None  but  a  Christian  can  die  in  that 
way." 

kiNSEY,  Jamf.8,  LL.  D.,  chief  justice  of  New 


mont,  N.  H.,  he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1801,    Jersey,  died  at  Hurlinglon  Jan.  I,  1S()2,  aged  CO. 
and  settled  as  a  lawyer  in  G.  in  1.S04.     He  was    He  had  been  a  memlier  of  congress  before  the 
a  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas,  and  n   adoption  of  the  ])resent  constitution, 
member  of  the  State  senate.  j     KIIUJY,  Ki-ukaim,  lirst  judge  of  the  district 

KINGSHUKY,  Samlki,,  minister  of  Edgar-  court  of  the  United  States  at  New  Orleans,  died 
town,  Martha's  Yincyard,  died  in  1778.  He  '  at  fort  Stoddert,  Oct.  I'O,  IKOl.  He  had  sustained 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  175!),  and  was  ordained  this  otlicc  but  a  short  time.  He  had  been  for  a 
in  17G1.  His  predecessors  were  T.  Mayhew,  J.  number  of  years  an  inhabitant  of  liitchdcld  in 
Duuham,  S.  Wiswall,  and  J.  Newman.  Ilis  sue- '  Connecticut,  and  was  once  a  candidate  I'or  gover- 
ccssor  was  J.  Tha.xter.  1  nor  in  that  State.    He  jmblislii  d  reports  of  cases 

KINGSBURY,  J()i;i.,  colonel,  died  at  Franklin,  I  adjudged  in  the  HU]n-enie  court  of  the  Slate  of 
Mo.,  July  1,  18^7,  aged  82.  A  native  of  Con- ^  Connecticut  from  178,>  to  May,  1788,  with  some 
ncctlciit,  he  was  an  officer  in  the  service  of  the   determinations  in  the  supreme  court  of  errors, 


United  States  forty-two  years. 


Litchfield,  8yo.,  1780. 


KINGSHUKY,  Judge,  died  at  Newburg,  Ohio, '  KHIHY,  Ukynoi.d  M.,  major  in  the  army  of 
Dec.  12,  1847.  He  was  an  early  settler  on  the  the  United  States,  son  of  iIr'  jneceiling,  died  at 
Reserve,  in  17i)(),  and  was  appointed  territorial  tort  Sullivan,  in  I^astjiort,  Oct.  7,  1842,  aged  52. 
judge  by  Gov.  St.  Clair.  ■  lie  entered  the  army  in  18115,  and  on  the  Niagara 

KINGSLEY,  JamksL.,  professor  of  languages  was  aid  to  Gen.  Ripley,  and  received  him  in  his 
ond  ecclesiastical  history  in  Yale  college,  died  arms  as  he  fell  wounded.  His  wife,  Ilaniet,  was 
Aug.  31,  1852,  aged  7.'3  years.  He  was  eon-  a  daughter  of  Col.  Simon  Larned,  of  I'iltsfield. 
nected  with  the  college  in  the  dei)artment  of  ela.s- i  KIRK,  David,  Sir,  admiral,  "a  great  truck- 
eical  literature,  with  high  reputation,  for  half  a  master,"  cajjlurcd  and  garrisoned,  in  102t),  fort 
century,    lie  published  an  eulogy  on  Prof.  Fisher,   Kebeck,  or  Quebec,  a  great  market  for  beavers  and 


m 


M 


ill^i: 


'! 


n 


4 


i 


<  1^1 


} 


490 


KIJIKLANM). 


otfcrs.    A«  Inin  ns   Kll.j  In- was  on  the  coa^t  of 
Ncwl'iiiiiiilliinil, 

KlItKI,AM»,  IIamii.,  (ir  Kirilaiid,  as  the 
name  Wiix  I'ornicrly  written,  iniiiistcr  of  Ncwi'iit, 
the  lliinl  fio(i(  ty  of  Ndiwlili,  or  I.i^'ioii,  Conn., 
(lied  in  .May,  ITT.'I,  a;;((l  7'J.  He  Wii.s  of  Scotch 
(li'scctil  from  liiH  Kn""lfallicr,  John,  of  .Saylirook, 
ill  Ki.'t.'),  who  ciiiiic  from  r.ondon.  Mis  fathiT  liail 
al.Mi  the  name  of  .lohii  ;  anil,  as  h(>  luul  iiuie 
other  ehihlreii,  liis  (h'sceiulaiitN  may  Imvc  been 
mimcroiis.  Jtorn  in  Sayhrook,  lie  ffradiiatcil  at 
Yale  in  ITL'll,  and  in  IT'J.'J  was  ordained  at*.\c\v- 
eiit,  the  first  pastor  of  the  liiird  ehnrch  then  in 
Norwich.  Alter  thirty  years  he  Ik  came  (leraii;,'e(l, 
and  removed  to  (irotoii,  lint  rc'tiirneil  to  Neweiit, 
whore  he  died.  lliHwife  wasa  Miss  I'erkins,  of 
AVindsor.  Ik'  liad  two  sons,  Daniel  and  Samuel. 
Ife  was  a  wortliy  minister,  of  fine  talents,  a 
scholar,  of  ready  wit  ami  an  aniialile  temiier.  — 
Life  I  if  S.  Kiihliiiid,  III/  Jjilliioj) ;  Mind  Cuul- 
kiiix'  llislinil  (if  yanrii/i. 

KIIUvL.VN'I),  S.\Mfi:i„  a  missionary  nmonj,' 
the  Jiulians,  died  March  lis,  ISOH,  n>,'cd'()(l.  lie 
was  the  son  of  Daniel  K.,  minister  of  Norwich. 
After  enioyiiij,'  for  some  time  the  ttdvantajjes  of 
AVheelock's  school,  ho  finished  his  education  at 
the  colle;;e  in  New  Jersey,  where  ho  was  grad- 
uated ill  17().5.  While  at  school  ho  had  learned 
the  language  of  the  Mohawks,  and  he  commenced 
a  journey  to  tlio  Seneca  Indians,  in  order  to  ac- 
quire their  language,  Nov.  20,  17(il,  and  did  not 
return  till  May,  17(10.  June  I'Jtli,  ho  wan  or- 
dained at  liebanon  as  a  missionary  tothclndians. 
He  removed  his  wife  to  Oneida  castle  in  170!). 
She  was  Jerusha  liingham,  whoso  mother  was  a 
sister  of  I'resident  ]■].  Whcelock,  in  whose  family 
she  long  lived.  In  tho  spring  ho  went  to  the 
liouso  of  his  friend,  Gen.  Herkimer,  at  Little 
Falls,  and  there  his  twin  children  wore  born  Aug. 
17,  1770,  of  whom  one  was  I'resident  Kirkland. 
His  daughter  Jerusha  married  John  II.  Lotlirop, 
of  Utica,  tho  father  of  Kcv.  S.  K.  I.othro]),  of 
Koston.  Aliout  17712  ho  removed  to  Connecticut, 
niid  afterwards  lived  for  a  time  at  Slockliridgo. 
For  more  than  forty  years  his  attention  was  di- 
rected to  tho  Oneida  tribe  hi  New  \ork,  and  he 
died  at  Cliiilon  in  that  State,  the  jilaco  of  his  res- 
idence, in  tho  neighborhoad  of  Oneida.  Dr.  Nor- 
ton iireached  a  sermon  at  his  funeral. —  Wheal- 
och'.s  Xarralire.f ;  i'mioplist,  in.  o'M;  Life  hi/ 
Lilthrop  ,  !^i)<nl;n'  Lihrari/  (f  American  liiog- 
rajilii/ ;   Wlia'lnck's  Life  ;  Sprayue's  Annnls. 

KIUKLANI),  JoiiNTiionNTOx, I). I).,  LL. D., 
president  of  Harvard  university,  died  in  Boston 
April  20,  1810,  aged  09.  He  bears  the  name  of 
Mr.  Thornton  of  London,  a  correspondent  of 
President  Wheolock,  and  a  benefactor  of  Moor's 
Indian  school.  He  was  tho  son  of  tho  ])rcceding, 
a  descendant  on  the  maternal  side  from  Miles 
Standish,    He  was  born  at  Gou.  Kerldmer's,  Ger- 


KISSAM. 

'  man  Flat",  N.  Y  ,  \\v^.  17,  1770)  fleorge  White, 
field  was  hi.s  twin  brolhir.  His  iiiotlicr  was  thin 
I  on  her  return  to  New  I'.iiglaiid  niter  residing  at 
Oneida.  The  Indians  called  tlie  thild  Jdlui 
.\hganowiska,  or  I'air  l''a(e.  lla\ing  prepariil 
forcidiege  at  .Vndover,  lie  was  gr.idiiated  in  17.S!(, 
and  ordained  pastor  in  Summer  ^trel■l,  Iloston, 
in  17!)l.  In  IHlO  he  was  elected  I'residi  lit  of 
Harvard  college,  as  the  successor  of  I'rcsiilcnt 
I  Webber  ;  which  ollice  he  re:  igned,  after  eiglilccu 
I  years,  in  INUN.  He  mariii'd  in  1H'.'7  Flizabcth, 
the  daughter  of  (ieorge  Cabot.  The  next  year 
he  emliaiked  for  I'.iiro]  e,  and  was  absent  three 
or  four  years.  His  widow  died  in  In.VJ.  lie  was 
eniinont  as  a  scholar  and  writir,  and  the  delight 
of  his  associates  and  friendN.  He  piiljlished  artil- 
lery election  sermon,  17!)")  ;  on  the  death  of  Jlel- 
kiia[i,  17!)Sj  of  Wasliiiigtoii,  IKIiOj  at  ii  fast; 
oration  before  I'lii  lleta  Kappa  society,  I7!).'-t;  lit 
ordination  of  J.  I'ipou,  ISOO;  aililriss  to  lire 
society,  IfiOl  ;  Dudleiaii  lecture,  l.Si;j;  before 
society  tor  Kujipressing  iiiteni]ieranco,  1811  j  elec- 
tion sermon,  IHlOj  life  of  Fisher  Ames,  8vo., 
lNO!)i  life  of  Com.  I'reble,  Hvo.  j  life  of  Gen. 
Lincoln  in  historical  collections,  vol.  III.,  2d  series  ; 
on  tho  death  of  (ieorge  Cabot,  1H2.'1;  in  com- 
memoration of  Adams  and  Jetrerson,  in  memoirs 
of  American  academy.  Other  pajiers  of  his  are 
in  the  historical  colli'ctions. 

KHtKLAND,  J(i.si;i'ii,  first  mayor  of  I'tica, 
died  .Tan.  20,  IKll,  aged  7,'J.  Itorn  in  Lisbon,  a 
jiart  of  Norwich,  Conn.,  ho  graduated  in  17!)!). 
For  nearly  fifty  years  he  was  a  iiromiiiciit  man  in 
Oneida  coniilv. 

KIRKLAND,  Wii.i.i.vm,  died  in  New  York 
about  1817.  He  had  been  a  teacher  in  Hamihon 
college.  His  wife  was  Caroline  M.  Stansbury, 
the  daughter  of  a  bookseller  in  New  York  ;  she  is 
known  by  her  various  writings.  They  lived  sev- 
eral years  in  Geneva,  Sw  itzorland ;  tlicn  two 
years  at  Detroit.  He  ])iiblishcd  a  series  of  letters 
from  abroad. —  Cjiel.  if  Aiiier.  Lit. 

KIUKPATUICK,  Ai,i;.\AM)i;ii,  a  minister  in 
Laurens  district,  S.  C,  died  Doc.  ',](),  ]h:V2. 

KIUKI'ATUICK,  D.wii),  captain,  died  at -Del- 
aware City  in  1838,  aged  80.  Ho  served  in  the 
Uevolutionary  war,  in  the  battles  of  Monmouth, 
Germantown,  Trenton,  Cowjioiis,  and  otbiM's. 

KIllTLANI),  TiUllAM),  died  in  Poland,  Ohio, 
Aug.  10,  IHll,  aged  8!).  Horn  in  AValliiigford, 
Conn.,  he  visited  Ohio  in  17!)8,  and  was  the  agent 
of  the  Connecticut  land  conijiany,  soiling  exten- 
sive tracts  to  new  settlers,  and  sustaining  various 
public  offices  with  credit. 

KISSAM,  KiciiAiiD  S.,  M.  I).,  a  distinguished 
surgeon,  died  in  Oct.,  1822,  aged  ,'58.  Ho  was 
the  son  of  fienj.  K.,  a  lawyer,  and  was  born  in 
Now  York  in  1703.  At  Kdinburgh  he  studied 
medicine  five  years.  Keturiiing  to  New  York  in 
I7i)l,  he  continued  in  the  practice  about  thirty 


KI8SAM. 


KNinilT. 


4f»7 


va".  !!(•  wns  one  nf  ilip  miri^ponn  of  tlic  Now 
York  lios|iiial.  Of  hixty-flM'  o|n'riilii)ii>(  ns  ii 
Uthotoniixl  oiilx  lhri'«"  cuNi'Mwcro  fill  111. —  'I'lmrltir. 

KISSAM,  HiiNJAMIN  1'.,  11  »ur>{coii  ill  tlir 
I'liiifd  Sluti'H  N'livy,  (lifil  nt  I'lirlNniniith  in  Oct., 
IHJS.     lie  hiid  Ih'cii  n  ]iructitic)n('r  in  New  York. 

KITTllUKiK,  JtiiiN,  the  iinccNlor  of  all  in  | 
thii  country  wlio  Ijcar  tliu  niiinr,  died  in  Itillcr- ' 
leu  Oct.  is,   ItiTO.     lie  was  a  fanner,  wlio  caiiu' 
fnini    I'.nKland.      His   Honw  were   John,   James, ' 
I  iiiniel,  Jonathan,  and   lienoni.      John,  ulio  had 
si.x  Monn,  wiw  called  doctor;  n  title  l)orne  liy  many 
of  the  dc'HCcnduntM  of  the  common  ancestor.  —  \ 
I'liniifr.  I 

Kinia'.DOr,,  Thom.vs,  M.  ]).,  a  physician,' 
died  at  .\nd()ver  in  Oct.,  IHIS,  af?e(l  7-'.  He  was 
a  descendant  of  John  K.,  whose  son,  John,  was  a 
physician.  Horn  at  Andover  in  July,  1710,' 
he  studied  with  Dr.  S.iwyer  of  Xcwlmryporf. 
At  the  hef^inniiiK  of  the  Hevohition  lie  was  a  sur- 
geoii  in  the  army.  After  liein;?  an  eminent  phy.'^i- 
ciaii  and  surgeon  about  fifty  years,  and  lieiuf,' 
often  a  meniher  of  the  legislature,  he  died  of  the 
angina  iiectoris.  In  lii.s  politics  ho  was  a  strenu- 
ous rcpuhlican.  It  were  not  an  easy  task  to 
reckon  up  all  the  jihysicians  in  New  England, 
who  have  had  the  name  of  Kittredge.  —  T/cir/icr. 

KITTIIEDGE,  IIilnjamin,  Dr.,  died  at  Tewk.s- 
burv,  MosH.,  Jan.  18,  1822,  aged  81. 

KITTIIEDGE,  OLrvEn.'Dr.,  died  at  Salem  in 
Jan.,  1823,  aged  38.  A  native  of  Brookfield,  ho 
was  the  son  of  Dr.  Jacob  K.,  and  brother  of  Dr. 
Benjamin  K.,  of  Salem,  both  deceased. 

KITTREDGE,  Eii.vxcis,  Dr.,  died  at  Woburn, 
Mass.,  in  1828,  aged  40. 

KITTIIEDGE,  Hknjamin,  died  at  Little  Bock, 
Ark.,  in  1839,  aged  45.  lie  removed  from  Salem 
in  1837. 

KITTIIEDGE,  Inoai.ls,  Dr.,  died  in  Beverly 
June  17,  18jG,  aged  80. 

KITI'S,  Thoma.s  J.,  a  Baptist  minister  at  Phil- 
odol|)hia,  died  in  1838,  aged  48. 

KNArP,  Fiuxcis,  a  poet,  was  educated  at 
Oxford,  and  in  this  country  lived  at  Watertown. 
In  1717  he  wrote  a  poetical  address,  congratulat- 
ing Pope  on  his  Windsor  forest,  in  the  best  style, 
then  exhibited  in  our  country. 

KNAPP,  Joshua,  minister  in  Winchester, 
Conn.,  died  in  1816,  aged  about  67.  A  graduate 
of  Yale,  ho  was  ordained  in  1772,  and  dismissed 
in  1780. 

KNAPP,  S.iMUEL  L.,  LL.  D.,  died  at  llopkin- 
ton,  Mass.,  July  8,  1838,  aged  53.  lie  was  born 
in  Nowburyport  in  1784;  was  graduated  at  Dart- 
mouth in  1804;  and  lived  in  Boston  and  New 
York,  and  was  a  lawyer  and  an  author.  In  1812 
he  commanded  a  regiment  of  militia.  In  1824 
he  edited  the  Boston  Gazette.  lie  published  the 
travels  of  Ali  Bey,  1818 ;  sketches  of  lawyers, 
statesmen,  etc.;  lectui'es  on  American  literature, 
63 


lR2ft;  fkefclie^  of  piil.lie  rhnrnrlom,  IWrt;  iho 
liadii'lor  and  nlher  tales,  IH.'II);  ad\icr  in  the  pur- 
suitN  of  liieraturei  Rketche*  of  Americium,  iH^tii; 
female  bingraphy. 

KNAl'l',  J.i.si\n,  died  in  BoMon  In  IK43, 
aged  ',M( ;  an  liKiiorahle  man  of  business,  rticer- 
ful.  retaining  all  hi*  faculties.  To  him  the  south 
part  oi  llo^tim  was  much  indebted  fur  variouH 
improvements. 

KN.M'l',  lIuiiTctN  ().,  missionary  at  the  Sand- 
uicli  ls!aiitl>,  died  at  Honolulu  in  .March,  |N|,'/. 
Morn  at  (ireenwicli.  Conn.,  in  IHl.'J,  he  embarked 
in  lH.'{(i,  He  had  been  a  scluHd  teacher  since  lN,'t7. 
His  wile  was  CharloUe  CIom'  of  (ireenwieh.     Ho 

resided    at    Wai a    and    Kailua.     Great   |ieaco 

atlendej  his  death;  "  (lyliig  was  but  going  home." 
He  gave  earnest  exhortations  and  sent  dying 
messages  of  truth  and  love. 

KN.M'l'.  Isaac,  minister  of  Westlield,  died 
July  0,  1847,  aged  72.  .\  native  of  Norfolk, 
Conn.,  and  graduate  of  Williams  ccillige  in 
1K(I(I,  he  was  ordained  llie  tilth  lnilli^ler  of  W.,iu 
1803;  bis  predecessors  were  1'..  Taylor,  N.  Bull, 
J.  Ballantine,  and  N.  .\t water.  His  successor 
was  I',.  Davis.  He  published  a  sermon  on  the 
death  of  (icn.  W.  Sliepard,  1S18. 

KNAPP,  IZAI.,  died  u  Newburg  Jan.  10, 
1850,  aged  !I5,  the  last  of  Washington's  life  guard. 

KNEELAND,  William,  a  idiysician  of  Cam- 
bridge, died  in  17SN.  aged  5(i.  He  was  born  in 
Boston;  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1744; 
and  was  a  tutor  ii')out  nine  years.  For  many 
years  ho  was  register  of  probate.  He  was  a  man 
of  integrity  and  religion.  The  imjiressions  made 
upon  his  mind  by  the  instructions  of  his  pious 
;;arents  were  never  obliterated.  —  T/iacher. 

KNICK1;HBACKEU,  Haisma.v,  judge,  died  ia 
Schagliticoke,  or  Williamsburg.  N.  \'.,  in  1855, 
aged  75.  In  1810-13  he  was  a  member  of  con- 
gress. He  was  the  original  of  Irving's  Diedrich, 
"  a  fellow  of  inllnite  mirth." 

KNIGHT,  William,  the  first  minister  at  Tops- 
field,  Mas.s.,  died  ubout  1005,  Farmer  says  1055. 
He  was  admitted  a  freeman  in  1038,  and  began 
to  jn-each  in  1041. 

KNIGHT,  John  M.,  D.  D.,  died  at  Chambers- 
burg,  Pa.,  in  1823,  aged  70. 

KNIGHT,  Dkdouaii,  Mrs.,  died  at  Sumner, 
Mo.,  Juno  22,  1839,  aged  104. 

KNIGHT,  Hkxuv  C,  a  graduate  of  Brown 
university  in  1812,  died  hi  early  life;  he  was  the 
brother  of  Frederick,  anil  was  born  in  Newbury- 
jiort.  He  ])ublished  poems,  1809;  another  vol- 
ume of  poems,  the  broken  harp,  at  Philadel])hia, 
1815  ;  a  third  collection  in  2  vols.,  Boston,  1821. 
—  Cj/cl.  of  Aincriain  Literature. 

KNIGIIT,  Jox.vni.VN,  a  faithful  minister,  died 
in  Cranston,  U.  I.,  Feb.  15,  1842,  aged  82.  He 
was  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution. 

KNIGIIT,  NATU.VNIEL,  captain,  died  in  Salem 


498 


KXIGHT. 


KNOX, 


'■lit. 


'1  ! 


Jan.  20,  1845,  aged  84.  He  was  imprisoned  in 
the  old  Jersey  ])rison-8hip  at  New  York.  lie 
lived  in  a  house  built  hy  his  fjreat-grandfathrr. 

KNIGHT,  Cai.f.I!,  minister  of  Washington, 
Mass.,  died  In  lSo4,  aged  K).  liorn  in  Lisbon, 
Conn.,  he  graduated  at  AVilli^ms  college  in  ISOO; 
was  ordained  at  Hinsdale  in  IWJ;  was  dismissed 
in  1810,  and  settled  in  AVasIiington  in  1820. 

KNIGHT,  Fni:i)i:iniK,  died  at  llowley,  Mass., 
in  1849,  aged  08.  He  studied  law,  and  was  a 
teacher  for  a  short  time.  He  found  friends^  with 
whom  he  lived,  enjoying  his  simple  tastes.  He 
wrote  various  i)oetical  pieces.  A  memorial  of 
him  was  published  at  Boston,  entitled  Thorn  cot- 
tage, or  the  poet's  home.  —  Ci/cl.  of  Amci-ican 
Literature. 

KNIGHT,  Nehemi.mi  R.,  governor  of  Rhode 
Island,  died  at  Providence  April  18,  1854,  aged 
73.  He  was  governor  1817-21,  and  senator  of 
the  United  States  1821-41. 

KNOLLYS,  IIaxsf.rd,  an  early  preacher  at 
Dover,  N.  H.,  and  at  Long  Island,  after  being  an 
Ejiiscopal  minister  some  years,  came  to  this  coun- 
try in  1038.  For  his  abuse  of  the  Massachusetts 
government  he  made  a  confession  in  Boston. 
About  1042  he  returned  to  l-lngland,  and  formed 
a  Baptist  cliurch  in  London,  of  which  he  was 
many  years  the  minister.  He  died  Sept.  19, 
1001,  aged  93.  He  ])ublished  rudiments  of  the 
Hebrew  grammar,  1048. 

KNOWER,  Benjamin,  died  at  Watervlict, 
N.  Y.,  Aug.  23,  1839,  aged  04.  Ho  lived  forty 
years  in  Albany,  eminent  first  as  a  mechanic,  then 
as  a  merchant. 

KNOWLES,  John,  minister  of  Watertown, 
Mass.,  died  Ajji-il  10,  1085,  i)robably  between  80 
and  90  years  of  age.  He  was  educated  at  Mag- 
dalen Hall,  Cambridge,  and  was  chosen  fellow  of 
Catherine  Hall,  in  1625,  in  which  station  he  was  a 
respected  and  suceessfid  tutor.  He  came  to  New 
England  in  1639;  was  ordained  colleague  with 
George  Phillips  Dec.  9,  1640 ;  and  went  as  a  mis- 
sionary to  Virginia,  with  ^Ir.  Thompson  and  Mr. 
James  in  1042.  He  arrived  about  Jan.  1,  1643, 
having  been  invited  by  gentlemen  of  Virginia, 
who  were  anxious  to  hear  the  gospel.  Gov. 
Berkeley  at  first  received  these  missionaries  cour- 
teously ;  but  when  he  found  they  were  opposed 
to  the  common  prayer,  surplice,  etc.,  he  was  de- 
termined to  silence  them.  In  about  two  months 
an  act  was  passed,  March  2,  1643,  prohibiting  any 
minister  from  preaching  in  the  colony,  unless  he 
subscribed  an  agreement  to  conform  to  the  church 
of  England.  The  governor  and  council  were  to 
silence  otlenders  and  compel  them  to  leave  the 
country.  Without  question  this  act  was  aimed  at 
the  New  England  ministers,  and  Virginia  had  as 
good  right  to  pass  it,  as  Massachusetts  to  make 
cnac'anents  against  the  Quakers  for  their  religion. 
It  was  clearly  an  act  of  bigotry  and  persecution. 


In  consequence  of  this  act  Mr.  Knowles  returned 
to  Watertown  in  June,  1043.  Probably  Mr. 
James  remnined  longer,  as  ho  was  for  some  time 
in  Maryland.  Cotton  Mather  is  mistaken  in 
Nupjjosing  the  Indian  massacre  occurred  at  the 
time  Mr.  Knowles  left  Virginia,  for  the  date  of 
the  massacre  was  April  18,  1044.  In  lO.JO  Mr. 
K.  returned  to  England,  and  was  a  jireaeher  in 
the  cathedral  of  Bristol.  After  being  silenced  in 
1002  he  preached,  at  the  hazard  of  im])risonment, 
in  London,  where  he  was  useful  during  the 
l)lague  in  1005. —  Calamy. 

KNOWLES,  James  I).\ns,died  at  Newton  of 
the  small  pox  May  9,  1838,  aged  39.  He  was  pro- 
fessor of  rhetoric,  etc.,  in  N.  theological  seminary. 
He  was  born  in  Providence ;  became  a  Baptist 
minister  in  Boston  in  1825,  and  removed  to 
Newton  in  1832.  lie  conducted  the  Christian 
review,  and  wrote  the  memoirs  of  Mrs.  Judson, 
1829  J  and  the  memoir  of  Roger  Williams,  1834. 
He  published  a  sermor  on  spirituous  liquors, 
1829;  address  to  Newton  theological  institution, 
1832. 

KNOWLES,  D.,  a  Freewill  Baptist  minister, 
died  at  Guilford,  N.  IL,  in  1840,  aged  00. 

KNOX,  John,  a  captain  in  the  British  army, 
])ublished  an  historical  journal  of  the  campaigns 
in  North  America,  for  1757-1760,  2  vols.,  4to., 
London,  1769. 

KNOX,  IIfaky,  a  major-general  in  the  array 
of  the  United  States,  died  in  Thomaston,  Me., 
Oct.  25, 1806,  aged  56.  He  was  bom  in  Boston 
July  25,  1750.  Before  hostilities  between  tins 
country  and  Great  Britain  in  the  Revolutionary 
war  commenced,  he  discovered  an  uncommon  zeal 
in  the  cause  of  liberty.  Being  placed  at  the 
head  of  an  independent  company  in  Boston,  he 
exhibited  in  tliis  station  a  skill  in  discipline,  which 
presaged  his  future  eminence.  It  was  at  the 
unanimous  request  of  all  the  officers  of  artillery, 
that  he  was  intrusted  with  the  command  in  that 
department.  When  the  corps  of  artillery  in 
1776  was  increased  to  three  regiments,  the  com- 
mand was  given  to  Knox,  who  was  promoted  to 
the  rank  of  a  brigadier-general.  He  was  ac- 
tively engaged  during  the  whole  contest.  After 
the  capture  of  CornwalUs  in  1781,  he  received 
the  commission  of  major-general,  having  distin- 
guished himself  in  the  seige  .it  the  head  of  the 
artillery.  Pre\iously  to  the  adoption  of  the  pres- 
ent constitution  he  succeeded  Gen.  Lincoln  as 
secretary  at  war  in  March,  1785  ;  and  after  our 
present  government  was  organized  in  1789, 
VVa.sIungton  nominated  him  for  the  same  office. 
He  continued  to  fill  this  department  till  the  close 
of  the  year  1794,  when  he  resigned  it.  In  his 
letter  to  the  president  he  says :  "  After  having 
served  my  country  near  twenty  years,  the  greater 
portion  of  the  time  under  your  immediate  aus- 
pices,   it    ia    with    extreme    reluctance   I    find 


KNOX. 


KOSCIUSKO. 


499 


tnysplf  constrained  to  withdraw  from  so  honor-  ] 
nlilo  a  situation,     l^ut  the  natural  and  |)ow('r!'ul  i 
chiinis  of  a  numerous   family  will  no  !()nf,'t'r  jht-  | 
mit  me  to  nef^lect  their  essential  interests.     In  ' 
whatever   situation    I   shall  he,  I  shall  recolieet  i 
your  eonfidence  and  kindness  with  all  the  fervor 
and  jiurity  of  atl'ection,  of  whieh  a  gratel'id  heart  ; 
is  susceptible."     AVasliiiif^ton   in   reply   assured  j 
him  of  his  siiiccresl  friendship,  and  declared  him 
to  liavc  "  deserved  well  of  his  country."     During 
the   last  years  of  his   life  Gen.  Knox  lived   at 
Thomaston.     It  has  been  stated,  that  he  failed  in 
179S  for  the  larjjc  sum  of  ■iOO.OOO  dollars,  and 
that  Gen.  Lincoln  shared  in  the  loss  luO,()()0  dol- 
lars, and  that  Col.  Jackson  wa.s  also  a  sufferer. 
Ilis  death  was  occasioned  hy  his  swallowinff  the 
hone  of  a  chicken.     His  wife,  the  daughter  of  J. 
Flucker,  secretary  of  Massachusetts,  died  June  20, 
1824.     In  April,  1790,  he  lost  two  children  by 
death  in  one  week ;  and  in  a  manner  almost  as 
sudden  he  had  j)rcviously  lost  five  children. 

He  was  distinguished  for  his  military  talents, 
and  possessed  in  an  uncommon  degree  the  es- 
teem and  confidence  of  Washington.  Thougli  a 
soldier  and  a  statesman,  lie  did  not  dismiss  the 
amiable  virtues  of  the  man.  There  was  a  frank- 
ness in  his  manners,  which  was  pleasing,  and  his 
heart  was  susceptible  of  the  kindly  affections.  — 
Bradl'anVs  Scnnou  on  hix  death ;  Mumhall, 
in.  02;  IV.  495;  v.  26,  213,  614;  Tfiacher's 
Euloi/ij. 

KNOX,  Samuel,  president  of  Baltimore  col- 
lege, died  Sept.,  1832,  aged  70. 

KNOX,  RUTII,  died  in  IJlandford  July  19, 1847, 
aged  84,  the  widow  of  Elijah  Knox,  who  died  in 
1833,  with  whom  she  had  lived  fifty  years.  She 
was  strong-minded,  skilled  in  family  govern- 
Tiient,  and  blessed  in  her  pious  labors.  Nine 
children  survived,  and  her  descendants  were  scat- 
tered in  six  different  States.  Such  mothers  have 
been  God's  great  benefactions  to  New  England 
and  our  whole  country. 

KNOX,  William,  died  in  Berwick,  Me.,  May 
24,  1851,  aged  103  years  and  0  months. 

KNYl'IIAUSEN,  Baron,  lieutenant-general, 
commanded  the  Hessian  troops  in  the  British 
service  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution.  In  June, 
1780,  he  made  an  incursion  into  New  Jersey, 
with  five  thousand  men.  Landing  at  Elizabeth- 
town,  he  [iroceeded  lo  Coimecticut  Farms,  where 
he  burned  thirteen  houses  and  the  cliurch.  Being 
reinforced,  he  repulsed  the  Americans  near 
Springfield,  and  burned  the  town,  consisthig  of 
about  thirty  houses.  He  died  at  Berlin,  Prussia, 
in  June,  1789,  aged  59. 

KOLLOCK,  lIiiNHY,  D.  1).,  minister  of  Savan- 
nah, died  Dec.  19,  1819,  aged  41.  He  was  born 
at  New  Providence,  N.  J.,  Dec.  14,  1778;  was 
graduated  at  Princeton  in  1794;  in  Dec,  1800, 
was  ordained  at  EUzabcthtown,  to  which  place 


his  parents  had  removed,  but  in  Dec.,  1803,  was 
apjiointed  ]n'of('ssor  of  theology  at  Princeton, 
liaviug  the  care  also  of  the  ihureh.  His  abilities 
and  eliKpicnce  jirocured  him  great  resjiect.  In 
1S0()  he  removed  to  Savannah,  where  he  was  a 
minister  about  thirteen  years.  For  a  time  some 
ecclesiastical  difficulties,  founded  on  charges  of 
indiscretion,  interrupted  his  quietude.  He  went 
to  Europe  in  1817,  and  returned  with  invigo- 
rated health.  After  his  death  his  sermons  were 
published  in  4  vols. 

KOLLOCK,  Li;mui:i,,  a  jdiysician,  died  nt 
Savannah  in  1823,  aged  57.  He  was  a  native  of 
Massachusetts,  and  settled  in  South  Carolina, 
and  then  in  Georgia,  where  he  was  distinguished. 

KOLLOCK,  Siii;iiii;nr),  an  officer  of  the  lievo- 
lution,  died  at  Philadel]ihia,  Jidy,  1839,  aged  87. 
He  was  born  at  Lewistown,  Del.,  hi  1750.  Ho 
was  in  the  battle  of  Treiton,  fort  I,ee,  and  Short 
Hills.  In  1779  he  estabfished  the  New  Jersey 
Journal,  at  Chatham  ;  in  1783  he  removed  his 
press  to  New  York  and  established  tlie  New  York 
Gazette,  first  weekly,  then  three  times  a  week;  in 
1787  revived  at  IClizabethtown  the  New  Jersey 
Journal,  which  he  edited  thirty-one  years,  sup- 
]iorting  the  democratic  administrations.  For 
thirty-five  years  he  was  judge  of  the  court  of 
eominon  pleas.  He  was  greatly  respected  for  his 
usef'uhiess  and  his  exemplary  religious  character. 

KOXKAl'OT,  John,  captain,  lived  at  Wnahtu- 
kook  or  Slockbridge,  when  Mr.  Sergeant  went 
there  as  a  missionary ;  his  cabin  was  on  a  knoll 
north  of  the  Konka[)ot  brook,  cast  of  the  county 
road.  Gov.  Belcher  gave  him  a  captain's  commis- 
sion. Mr.  Hawley  in  1770  spoke  of  him  as  less 
than  80  years  old  at  his  death  some  years  before. 

KOXKAPOT,  John,  Jr.,  a  Mohegan  Indian  of 
Stockbridge,  gave,  more  than  fifty  years  ago,  a 
list  of  Mohegan  words,  which  was  published  in 
the  Massachusetts  historical  collections,  vol.  ix. 
He  was  a  grandson  of  the  warrior  Hcndrick,  who 
was  the  son  of  Wolf,  a  Mohegan  chief,  by  a  Mo- 
hawk woman,  Ilunnl.s,  the  daughter  of  a  chief. 

KOSCIUSKO,  TiiADDFXs,  a  Polish  officer  in 
the  American  Ilevolutionary  war,  was  born  in 
Lithuania  in  175G,  of  an  ancient  and  noble  family, 
and  educated  at  the  military  school  at  Warsaw. 
He  afterwards  studied  in  France.  lie  came  to 
America,  recommended  by  Franklin  to  Gen. 
Washington,  by  whom  lie  was  ajipointed  his  aid. 
He  was  also  apjiointed  engineer,  with  the  rank  of 
coIo:iel,  in  Oct.,  1770.  At  the  unsuccessful  siege 
of  Ninety-six,  in  1791,  he  very  judiciously  directed 
the  operations.  It  was  in  1784  that  he  left  this 
country,  and  in  1780  he  returned  to  Poland.  In 
1789  tlie  diet  gave  him  the  appointment  of  ma- 
jor-general. In  the  camjiaign  of  1792  he  dis- 
tinguished himself  against  the  Russians.  When, 
in  1794,  the  Poles  made  a  noble  attempt  to 
recover  their  liberty  and  independence,  Kosciusko 


sfr- 


*,li 


I  > 


1^^  \.- 


600 


KRAYNE. 


i:::;;. 


13*": 


II 


li 


!    Ill 


II 


■1;  liit. 


was  intrusted  witli  the  supreme  command.  In 
April,  at  the  head  of  4,000  men,  he  del'mted 
12,000  lluRsians,  !)ut  was  Nuhsequcntly  defeated 
and  obliged  to  retire  to  his  intrenched  cam])  near 
Warsaw,  in  which  city  he  was  soon  hesieged  liy 
60,000  Russians  and  I'rus.sians.  When,  after  two 
months,  an  assault  was  made,  he  with  only  10,000 
men  repelled  the  attack.  An  insurrection  in 
Great  Poland  compelled  the  king  of  Prussia  to 
raise  the  siege.  Kosciusko,  with  20,000  regular 
troops  and  40,000  armed  peasants,  had  resisted 
the  combined  armies,  amounting  to  li'50,00S  men. 
At  last,  Oct.  10,  at  Macziowice,  fifty  miles  from 
Warsaw,  an  overwhelming  llussian  force  defeated 
Kosciusko,  who  had  only  21,000  men.  Being 
wounded,  he  fell  from  his  horse,  saying,  "  Finis 
Poloniic,"  and  was  made  a  prisoner. 

"  And  Freedom  shrieked  when  Kosciusko  fell." 

He  was  thrown  into  prison  by  Catharine ;  but  was 
released  by  Paul  I.  AV^hen  the  emjicror  pre- 
sented him  with  his  own  sword,  he  declined  it. 
Baying,  "  I  no  longer  need  a  sword,  since  I  have 
no  longer  a  country."  Never  afterwards  did  he 
wear  a  sword.  In  Aug.,  1797,  he  visited  America 
and  was  received  with  honor.  For  his  llevolu- 
tionary  services  he  received  a  pension.  In  1798 
he  went  to  France.  Having  j)urchased  an  estate 
near  Fontainebleau,  he  lived  there  till  1814.    In 

1816  he  settled  at  Soleure  in  Switzerland.     In 

1817  he  abolished  slavery  on  his  estate  in  Poland. 
He  died  at  Soleure,  in  consequence  of  a  fall  with 
his  horse  from  a  precipice  near  Vevay,  Oct.  Ifi, 
1817,  aged  61.  He  was  never  married.  His 
body  was  removed  to  the  tomb  of  the  kings  at 
Craeow,  beneath  the  cathedral.  Gray-headed 
warriors  bore  the  relics  on  their  shoulders ;  two 
maidens  with  WTeaths  of  oak-leaves  and  branches 
of  cypress  followed ;  then  came  the  general  staff, 
the  senate,  and  clergy.  Count  Wodziki  delivered 
a  funeral  oration  on  the  hill  Wavel,  and  in  the 
church  a  prelate  gave  an  eloquent  address.  The 
senate  of  Craeow  decreed,  that  a  lofty  mound 
should  be  raised  on  the  heights  of  Bronislawad. 
For  three  years  men  of  every  class  and  age  toiled 
in  this  work,  from  Oct.  16,  1820,  to  Oct.  16,  1823, 
till  the  Mogila  Koseiuszki,  the  hill  of  Kosciusko, 
was  raised  to  the  height  of  three  hundred  feet. 
A  serpentine  foot-path  leads  to  the  toj),  from 
which  there  is  a  fine  view  of  the  Vistula  and  of 
the  ancient  eity  of  the  Polish  kings.  He  erected 
himself  a  better  monument  to  his  memory.  In 
1798  he  made  a  bequest  for  the  emancijiation 
and  education  of  slaves  in  Virginia.  In  1826  the 
amount  was  about  25,000  dollars.  IJ.  L.  Lear 
was  the  executor.  A  suit  was  jiending,  in  1830, 
instituted  by  the  heirs,  who  claimed  the  bequest. 

KKAYNE,  UoBKRT,  died  in  Boston  about  1600. 
He  was  an  early  settler ;  a  merchant  tailor,  who 
came  from  London ;  his  benefactions  to  the  town 


KUYPERS. 

and  college  make  him  worthy  of  honorable 
rememl)rance.  He  gave  to  Boston  the  tirst  mar- 
ket-house and  conduit,  and  tlic  first  ])ul)lic  liljrary. 
To  Harvard  college  he  gave  a  house.  The  court  of 
assistants,  in  consequence  of  his  "lil)eral  gilts  to 
the  country,"  gave  his  widow  five  hundred  acres 
of  land.  He  was  allied  l)v  marriage  to  llev.  Mr. 
Wilson. 

KKIvMF.R,  Ciiconfii:,  member  of  congress  from 
1823  to  1829,  died  in  Union  co.,  Penn.,  Sept.  11, 
18,j4,  aged  79. 

KRIMMEL,  John  Lkwis,  a  distinguished 
painter,  was  drowned,  while  bathing  near  Ger- 
mantown,  July  lo,  1821,  aged  35.  Ho  was  jjres- 
ident  of  the  society  of  American  artists,  having 
res''ded  about  ten  years  in  Philadelphia.  At  the 
time  of  his  death  he  was  engaged  to  paint  a  large 
historical  picture  of  the  landing  of  Wm.  I'eini. 
His  genius  and  amiable  manners  secured  to  him 
res])ect  and  esteem. 

KUHN,  Adam,  M.  T).,  a  physician,  died  at 
Philadelphia  July  5,  1817,  aged  75.  He  was 
born  at  Oermantown,  Nov.  17,  1741,  old  style; 
his  father  came  from  Swabia,  and  was  a  useful 
l)hysician  and  an  elder  of  the  Lutheran  clun-ch. 
In  1761  he  proceeded  to  Europe,  and  studied  at 
Upsal  under  Linna;us,  and  by  him  was  highly 
esteemed.  After  visiting  various  countries  of 
Europe,  he  returned  to  this  country  in  Jan.,  1768, 
and  in  May  commenced  his  first  course  in  botany. 
For  twenty-two  years  he  attended  the  Pennsyl- 
vania hospital.  In  1789  he  was  appointed  profes- 
sor of  medicine  in  the  university,  but  resigned  in 
1797.  He  practised  physic  about  fifty  years.  He 
left  two  sons.  A  biographical  sketch  was  pub- 
lished, \S18.  —  Thacher. 

KUHN,  Frkdkric,  Dr.,  died  at  Lancaster,  Pa., 
in  March  1816,  aged  68. 

KUNZE,  John  Christophkr,  D.  I).,  professor 
in  Columbia  college,  N.  Y.,  died  July  24,  1807, 
aged  73.  For  fourteen  years  he  was  the  minister 
of  the  German  Lutheran  church  in  Philadelphia, 
and  a  jirofessor  in  the  college  of  that  city.  In 
1784  he  removed  to  New  York,  where  he  was  a 
minister  twenty-three  years,  also  professor  of  the 
oriental  languages.  His  valuable  cabinet  of  coins 
and  medals  is  now  owued  by  the  N.  Y.  Historical 
society. 

KURTZ,  J.  Daniel,  D.  D.,  died  at  Baltimore 
June  30,  1856,  iiged  92.  He  was  for  more  than 
half  a  century  a  minister  of  the  German  Luthe- 
ran church;  preaching  always  Christ  and  him 
crucified,  and  justification  through  faith  in  his 
blood. 

KUYPERS,  Gerard  A.,  I).  D.,  minister  of 
the  reformed  Dutch  church,  in  New  York  city, 
died  June  28,  1833,  aged  66. 

KUYPERS,  Zaciiauiah  IL,  D,  D.,  died  in 
New  York,  Oct.  4,  1850,  aged  80,  the  son  of 
Warmoldus  K.,  D.  D.,  of  Rhinebeck.     lie  was 


KYAN. 


LAFAYETTE. 


60 


th!rty-six  years  pa--  or  of  Jamaira,  Nowtown,  I 
Inncss,  and  Oyster  Hay  conf^rt'fjations ;  then  j 
twolvo  years  of  Wyekoif,  Ponds,  and  I'rcakncss, 

N.J. 

KYAN,  Joiix  II.,  an  Enf^lishman,  \\}w  lived  a 
short  time  in  tliis  country,  died  in  Now  York  in 
1810  or  ISJO,  afjed  "j.  lie  was  tlie  inventor  of 
tlie  chemical  process  of  hardening  wood,  making 
what  is  called  Kyanized  wood. 

LAU.Vr,  J.  H.,  i)ul)lishcd  in  French  a  voyage 
to  the  American  isles,  0  vols.,  1722. 

LACOCK,Al!NKR,  general,  died  near  Freedom, 
Beaver  county,  I'cnn.,  April  12, 1S37.  Ho  was  a 
native  of  Virginia.  With  little  education,  he  hy 
his  talents,  industry,  and  much  worth,  became 
eminent  as  a  legislator  and  statesman.  He  was 
a  rej)rescntative  in  congress  from  1811  to  1813, 
and  a  senator  of  the  U.  S.  from  1813  to  1819. 

LACY,  Jacoh,  died  in  1840,  at  Longhill,  N.  J., 
uged  100,  a  Revolutionary  pensioner. 

LADD,  JosKi'H  TJuovvx,  a  poet,  died  in  1786, 
a"od  31.  He  was  the  son  of  Wm.  L.  of  Little 
Comjjton,  It.  I.  Having  commenced  the  pracluc 
of  physic,  the  rejection  of  his  addresses  hy  a 
voung  lady,  to  whom  he  was  extremely  attached, 
induced  him  to  remove  to  Charleston,  .S.  C. 
There  he  proved  himself  destitute  of  moral  and 
religious  principles  by  fighting  a  duel  in  conse- 
quence of  a  political  controversy.  He  was 
wounded,  and  neglected  the  means  of  recovery. 
The  poems  of  Arouet  were  published  in  1780; 
a  sketch  of  his  life,  with  poems,  in  1832.  —  Speci- 
mens of  Anieriain  Poetry,  I.  334. 

L.vi)l),  William,  president  of  the  American 
peace  society,  died  at  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  Ajiril 
9,  1841,  aged  G3.  His  residence  was  at  Minot, 
Me.  Born  in  E.\eter  in  1778,  he  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1797.  His  widow  died  in  Boston  in 
18i5G ;  he  left  no  children.  He  took  a  very  active 
part  in  promoting  the  interests  of  the  peace  soci- 
ety, in  which  jjcrhaps  the  first  movement  was 
made  by  Dr.  Xoah  Worcester.  For  years  he 
was  the  president  and  the  agent  of  the  society, 
which  was  indebted  more  to  his  toils  than  to 
those  of  any  other  person.  He  made  many  ])ub- 
lic  addresses  and  he  labored  abundantly  with  his 
])en.  His  views  in  regard  to  the  right  of  defen- 
sive war  accorded  with  those  of  the  Quakers  and 
of  Mr.  Grimku  and  Mr.  ])ymond.  Many  per- 
sons believed  that  the  incorporation  of  the  denial 
of  this  right  into  the  constitution  of  the  peace 
society,  which  he  formed,  was  greatly  injurious  to 
the  cause  of  peace,  as  not  being  founded  in  truth. 
He  edited  the  Friend  of  Peace,  begun  by  Dr. 
AVorccster;  also  the  Harbinger  of  Peace.  He 
was  a  man  honciit,  earnest,  benevolent,  and  pious. 
He  published,  among  other  essays  and  addresses, 
an  address  to  the  peace  society  of  Maine,  1824; 
to  that  of  Massachusetts,  182  J;  a  dissertation  on 
a  congress  of  natlouB,  1832. 


L.\ET,  JoirN  PE,  a  historian,  and  a  director  of 
the  Dutch  ]'"ast  India  company,  died  at  Antwerp 
in  1049.  Among  other  works  he  published  No- 
vus  Orbis,  fob,  1033. 

LAF-VYl'Vl'TK,  Gii.nKRT  Mottikr,  marquis  dc, 
died  in  Paris  May  20,  1834,  aged  7() ;  an  honored 
friend  of  American  liberty,     liorn  in  Auvergnc, 
France,  he  was  educated  at  Paris,  and  at  the  ago 
of  seventeen  married  the  graiul-daugliter  of  the 
Duke  de  Noailles.     In  1777,  when  the  American 
struggle  seemed  very  doul)tful,  he,  at  the  age  of 
nineteen,  esj)oused   tiie  cause  of  freemen  ;  and 
when  tiie  agents  of  our  country  confessed  that 
they  were  not  able  to  convey  him  to  America, 
"Then,"  said  he,  "I  will  fit  out  a  vessel  myself!" 
And  in  such  a  vessel  he  arrived  at  ('harlest(m, 
April  25,  bringing   liojie  to  the  desi)OM(ling,  and 
])ro(lucing  an  amazing  sensation  througli  tliehiul. 
He  was  immediately  oil'ered  a  command  in   the 
army,  but  he  chose  rather  to  raise  and  equip  a 
body  of  men  at  his  own  expense,  and  to  enter  the 
service  as  a  volunteer,  without  ])n\-.     In  July  he 
was  aj)pointed  major-general ;  in  ,Se])tember  was 
wounded  at  lirandywine.     He  served  in  Pennsyl- 
vania and  llliode  Island  in  1778.     He  embarked 
at  Boston  Jan.,  1770,  for  France,  in  order  the 
more  cfTectually  to  aid  our  country.     He  returned 
soon  with  the  assurance  that  a  French  force  would 
follow  him,  and  took  the  comnuuul  of  two  thou- 
sand men,  ])artly  cquip])e(l  at  bis  expense.     He 
marched  to  Virginia  in  Dec.,  1780,  raisnig  2000 
guineas  on  his  own  credit  at  Baltimore,  to  su])])ly 
the  troo])s.     In  the  siege  of  Yorktown  he  shared, 
storming  a  redoubt.     Again  he  Avent  to  France, 
honored,  of  course,  with  the  commendatory  reso- 
lutions ^of  congress,  and  urged  u])on  the  French 
government  the  sending  of  a  strong  and  decisive 
force  to  America.      Such  a  force,  of  forty-nine 
ships  and  twenty  thousand  men,  he  found  at  Cadiz, 
ready  to  follow  him,  had  not  ])cace  prevented. 
Invited  to  revisit  America,  he  landed  Aug.  4, 1784, 
and,  after  spending  a  few  days  at  Mount  Vernon, 
visited  the  great  cities  and  received  th(!  acknowl- 
edgments which  were  his  due.    The  world  hardly 
furnishes  such  an  instance  of  noble,  efiectual  aid, 
on  the  part  of  an  individual,  a  foreigner,  to  a  na- 
tional struggle  for  freedom ;   and  no  American 
can  hear  the  name  of  Lafayette  without  a  tide 
of  gratitude  rushing  through  his  heart.     On  his 
return  to  France  he  toiled  ibr  the  benefit  of  Prot- 
estantism, and  the  abolition  of  slavery.    In  1789 
he  commanded  the  national  guards  of  Paris.     In 
1700  he  renounced  the  title    t'  nobility,  and  sus- 
tahied  the  c(,nstitution  of  a  rejjresentative  mon- 
archy.   He  defended  the  king,  but  soon  resigned 
his  command  and  retired  to  his  estates.       The 
Jacobins  triumphing,  he  left  France,  and,  falling 
into  the  hands  of  the  Austrians,  was  imprisoned 
several  years   at  Olmutz.     He  was  released  in 
1797.    He  declined  the  dignity  of  senator  and 


)jUiMI«W<MiHtMi^*iji»,<v>».i»«-ait, ., 


502 


LAFON. 


!   ■  ' 


of  a  ppprnp;p,  ofTiM-od  by  Rnna])arte.  In  1S24 
ho  visilL'd  tlie  l.'iiiU'd  States,  and  was  ontliii- 
Biastically  received,  in  Iweiity-lbur  Slates,  ns  the 
nation's  piest.  Coiif^ress  made  liini  a  grant  of 
20(),()()()  dollars  and  a  township  of  land.  Ilewas 
carried  iionie  in  the  frigate  lirandywine,  so  named 
in  comi)liment  ti)  him,  in  Sept.,  ISJ,).  In  IHIJO 
he  was  made  marshal  of  France.  In  l.S.'Jl  his 
earthly  course  was  linished.  His  eldest  son, 
George  Washington,  who  accompanied  him  in 
his  visit  to  America,  died  at  Lagrange,  in  France, 
Jan.  0,  18.}0.  He  was  aconsistent,  nolile-mlnded, 
disinterested  ])atri()t.  His  engagement  in  the 
cause  of  America  is  an  un])arallele(l  event  in  hi.s- 
tory ;  and  the  h()iioral)le  treatment  which  he  re- 
ceived from  America  is  a  j)roof  that  republics  are 
not  always  ungrateful. 

LAI'"()N,  1J,uitiii:i,i:my,  a  geogra])her,  died  at 
New  Orleans,  where  he  had  long  been  a  citizen, 
Sept.  29,  1820.  He  ])ublishcd  a  nuip  of  Lower 
Louisiana  and  New  Orleans.  About  I8I4  he 
proposed  for  ])nblication  a  work,  entitled,  Uranc 
geogra])hy,  designed  to  jirove,  that  America  was 
known  to  the  ancients,  and  was  the  native  place 
of  Orj)heu.s,  etc. 

LAIDLH;,  Ancnin.vi,D,  ]).  ]).,  the  first  minis- 
ter of  the  Dutch  church  in  America,  who  olH- 
ciatcd  in  the  iMiglish  language,  was  a  native  of 
Scotland,  and  had  been  for  four  ycar,s  a  minister 
of  the  JJutch  church  of  Flushing  in  Zealand, 
when  he  received  a  call  from  Now  York.  He 
arrived  in  America  in  the  year  17C-1,  and  died  at 
lied  Hook  Nov.  11,  177!),  during  his  exile  from 
the  city,  occasioned  by  the  llevolutionary  war. 
His  wife  was  the  daughter  of  Col.  Martin  Hoif- 
man.  He  was  a  man  of  a  vigorous  mind  and  of 
singular  ])iety ;  a  sound  divine  ;  an  evangelical, 
commanding,  and  jjowerful  ])reacher,  and  indefat- 
igably  faithful  in  his  pastoral  labors.  His  ministry 
was  much  blessed  and  attended  with  an  uncom- 
mon revival  Of  religion.  —  C'/irialian's  MiKjazinc, 
II.  13. 

LAKL',,  Thomas,  captain,  a  merchant,  was  the 
joint  owner  with  Maj.  Clarke,  of  l{oston,  of  Arroii- 
sic  island  in  Kennebec  river,  where  he  had  a  house. 
Here  he  was  killed  by  the  Indians,  Aug.  14,  1G7C. 

LAKI'i,  Mauy,  a  jiionecr  Christian  of  Ohio, 
died  at  Marietta  in  1802,  aged  CO.  A  luitivc  of 
Bristol,  England,  she  married  Mr.  Lake,  who  em- 
igrated to  New  York,  and  worked  in  a  slii])-yard. 
She  was  a  member  of  Dr.  llodgers' chiu-ch.  In 
1780  ho  removed  to  Marietta.  One  of  the  first 
Sunday  schools  in  America  was  taught  by  her  in 
1791.  At  thi.s  time  Mr.  Storey  preiiched  once 
oa  eacli  Sunday.  She  taught  the  catechism  and 
lessons  from  the  bible  to  twenty  scholars.  They 
removed  to  a  farm  a  few  miles  uj)  the  Muskingum. 
Ilcr  cliildren  were  all  jhous  ;  two  of  her  sons 
were  aged  in  18J2.  —  llildrdh. 

LAKE,  WiLT.LVJi,  a  poet,  was  born  at  Kings- 


LANO. 

ton,  Prnn.,  in  1787.  and  died  Dec.  17,  ISO.".  TTis 
poems,  entitled  the  Parnassian  |iilgrim,  were  pub- 
lished at  Hudson,  12nio.,  (807. 

LALLKM.WD,  Hi;nuy,  baron,  general  of 
artillery  in  the  Imperial  guard  of  I'ranee,  espoused 
tlie  side  of  Xapoleon  ou  his  return  from  Flba,  for 
which  he  was  condennied  to  death  for  contumacy, 
liaving  escajjcd  to  this  country.  He  died  at  IJor- 
dentown,  \.  J.,  Sejit.  lo,  1823.  He  i)ublished  in 
this  country  a  valuable  work  on  artillery. 

I.AMIi,  CJi;()l(Gi:,  a  worthy,  much  esteemed 
Freewill  ISaptist  minister,  i)astor  of  a  church  in 
Hrunswick,  Maine,  died  in  Dec,  1830,  aged  48. 
Ilis  son,  George  W.  Lamb,  LL.  15.  at  Caml)ri(lge, 
a  graduate  of  Howdoin  college  in  1837,  and  a 
lawyer  in  New  Orleans,  died  recently. 

];AM]{,  Anthony,  general,  died  at  New  Y'ork 
May  13,  18,-,r>,  aged  84. 

LAMH,  FuwAiU),  Dr.,  died  at  Mcmtpclicr,  Vt., 
Nov.  4,  184o,  aged  74  ;  for  half  a  century  a  dis- 
tinguished jihysician  and  citizen. 

L.\XC'AS'r'l'',I{,  'I'llojiAs,  minister  of  Scarbo- 
rough, Me.,  died  in  1831,  aged  88.  Horn  in 
Uowley,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  17G4,  and 
was  settled  in  177.5. 

LANCASTEI^  Joseph,  died  at  New  York, 
Oct.  24,  1838,  aged  08,  of  wounds  received  from 
a  gig,  while  ho  was  walking  in  the  street.  He 
was  iiorn  in  England  and  i)red  a  Quaker.  Ho 
came  to  America  about  1820,  and  introduced  his 
system  of  education,  called  the  Lancastrian.  He 
[jublished  several  works  relating  to  education. 

LANl'".,  Jon,  an  excellent  tutor  of  Y'ale  college, 
died  in  17()8,  aged  20.  15orn  at  Bedford,  Mas,s., 
ho  graduated  at  Yale  in  1704.  He  was  once  a 
soldier ;  and  lie  studied  theology.  For  liis  last 
two  years  he  was  a  tutor.  I'resident  Daggett  in 
a  sermon  highly  commended  him.  —  iSprar/uc's 
Aiuialx. 

LANE,  Ezi-.iai;!,,  died  at  Buffalo  in  May,  1828, 
aged  103.  In  179j  there  were  only  four  build- 
ings in  Buffalo;  the  first  was  erected  by  Lane 
and  his  father-in-law,  Martin  JIiddaugh,a  double 
log-house. 

1,ANE,  Otis,  died  at  Soutlihridge,  Mass.,  in 
1842,  aged  about  04.  Born  in  Rowley,  Mass.,  he 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1798;  was  minister 
of  Sturbridgc  from  1801  to  1819;  and  was 
installed  at  Sterling, Conn., in  1828.  —  Spra(/ue's 
Annals. 

LANE,  Amos,  colonel,  died  in  Lawrenceburgh, 
Ind.,  in  1850.  He  was  a  member  of  congress 
from  1833  to  1837,  and  was  speaker,  and  a  lawyer 
of  talents. 

LANG,  David,  a  Baptist  minister,  died  at  Cole- 
rain,  Mass.,  in  1831,  aged  78. 

LANG,  John,  died  at  New  Y'ork  March  17, 
1830,  aged  07 ;  editor  of  the  New  Y'ork  Gazette, 
connected  with  it  from  the  first.  He  was  a  man 
of  moral  worth,  uf  uitcgrity  and  bcnevolcuce. 


LANG. 


I.ANMAN. 


503 


I.ANO,  Uiciunn,  a  inan  of  business  at  Ilnii- 
nvtT,  N.  H.,  tlic  seat  of  Dartnumtli  lollcj,'^,  iliiil 
in  IHIO,  !i,i,'c'(l  71. 

LAXCiDON',  S.VMnx,  minister  of  York,  Mc, 
died  in  ITOl.ajjcd  "1.  lie  was  horn  in  rannin-^- 
ton,  Conn. ;  his  mother's  name  was  F.lizalielli  I.ee. 
He  i^radiiated  at  Yale  in  17  I".  He  was  or(hiined 
over  the  Keeond  cliin'eh  in  Yorlv  in  17.Jl.  He 
was  a  man  of  talents  and  a  faithful  i)reaehcr;  hut 
much  depressed  hy  his  little  success.  —  I'iscal- 
aqna  Miii/nzine,  I. 

LAN'Gi)C)\,  Samuel,  D.  IX,  minister  of  Ports- 
mouth, Xew  Hampsliire,  and  president  of  Har- 
vard col!e<;e,  died  Xov.  2!),  1707,  af^ed  7-1.  He 
was  a  native  of  Boston,  and  was  graduated  in 
1710.  He  was  ordained  as  the  successor  of  .Mr. 
Fitch  Fel).  4,  1747.  He  was  inducted  into  the 
oltlee  of  president  as  the  successor  of  Mr.  I.ocke 
Oct.  14,  1774,  hut  resii^ned  it,  in  consequence  of 
the  disaffection  of  his  pnjjils,  occasioned  hy  his 
want  of  dif»nity  and  authority,  Auj;.  ;j(),  17S{). 
I'resident  Willard  succeeded  him.  He  now 
entered  ap;ain  on  tlic  milder  task  of  jjresidiuf? 
over  an  assemhly  of  Christians.  He  was  installed 
at  Hampton  Falls,  N.  H.,  Jan.  18,  1781.  His 
extensive  knowledj^c,  hospitality,  ])atriotism,  and 
j)iety  secured   to  him,  in   this  calm   retreat,  the 


llip  ])owder  and  the  military  stores  from  fort 
William  and  Mary,  at  .Newcasllc,  in  1771.  In 
177.<  and  177(i  he  was  chosen  a  (hlej;at((  to  con- 
f,'ress.  Commandin};  a  conipai\y  of  volunteers, . 
he  served  for  n  while  in  Vermont  and  IUuhIc 
Island.  In  his  own  State,  lie  was  in  177(!  and 
1777  speaker  of  the  house  and  judf,'e  of  the  court 
of  common  ])leas.  in  177!l  he  was  continental 
agent  in  Xew  Hampshire  and  contracted  for  tho 
l)uilding  of  several  i)ul)lieshi])s-of-war.  June  13, 
178:J,  he  was  again  appointed  delegate  to  con- 
gress. He  was  afterwards  repeatedly  a  mcml)cr 
of  the  legislature,  and  speaker.  In  Mareli,  1788, 
he  was  chosen  president  of  the  Stale;  and  in 
Xovemher  was  elected  seiuitor  of  the  United 
States.  He  was  ojjposed  to  the  funding  system. 
In  1794  he  was  re-elected  for  another  term  of  six 
years.  He  was  afterwards  rejjresentalive  and 
speaker  in  the  State  legislature.  I'rom  180o  to 
1S08,  and  in  1810  .and  1811,  he  was  governor  of 
the  State.  After  1811  his  days  were  passed  in 
the  calmness  of  retreat  from  jjuhlic  life.  In  his 
jjolitics  he  acted  with  Mr.  Jell'ersoii  and  was 
known  as  a  repuhlican.  In  1801  Mr.  Jefferson 
solicited  him  to  accept  the  ])ost  of  .secretary  of 
the  navy.  In  1812  tlie  majority  in  congress 
selected  him  for  vice  jiresident,  hut  ho  declined 


ntl'ection  and  resjicct  of  the  i>eoj)le  of  his  charge,  i  the  honor,  to  which  he  would  have  heen  elevated 
and  of  his  mmierous  acquaintance.  He  ])ul)lished  |  instead  of  Mr.  Gerry,  had  he  consented  to  he  a 
a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of  S.  Macclintock,  !  candidate.  I'or  several  years  he  was  a  mcniher 
1750;  on  the  conquest  of  Quehec,  1700;  an  im-  of  the  first  church  in  I'ortsnionth;  he  enjoyed  the 
partial  examination  of  H.  Sandeman's  letters  on  1  consolations  of  religion;  and  nothing  gave  him  so 
Thernn  and  Aspasio,  170.j;  a  summary  of  Chris- |  much  jjaiu  as  to  see  tlie  doctrines  of  grace  re- 
tian  faith  and  practice,  1708;  a  rational  ex])lica- ijected  and  assailed.  His  hahits  were  social ;  and 
tion  of  St.  John's  vision  of  the  two  heasts,  1771 ;  I  in  his  manners  he  was  easy,  ])olite,  and  pleasing. 
Dudleian  lecture,  177  j;  hcforc  the  provincial  con-  — Annals  uf  Ports  inuut  ft, '310 ;  Fuimer's  JJcl- 
gress,  1775;   at   the  ordination  of  Iv  Sin-ague,  I  Avk//),  I.  40.). 

1777;  on  the  death  of  professor  Winthrop,  1770;  I  LAXGDOX,  Joiix,  minister  of  IJethlchcm, 
New  Hampsliire  election  sermon,  1788;  ohserva-  I  Conn.,  died  in  1830,  aged   10.     He  graduated  at 


tions  on  the  revelations  of  Jesus  Christ  to  saint 
John,  1791;  the  efficacy  of  the  gospel  ahove  all 
earthly  wisdom,  the  husiness  of  life  and  hope  in 
death,  two  sermons  in  American  jjreacher,  IV. ; 
hefore  the  Piscataqua  association,  1792;  correc- 
tions of  some  great  mistakes  committed  hy  J.  C. 
Ogden;  remarks  on  the  leading  sentiments  of 
Dr.  Hopkins' system  of  doctrines,  1794.  —  Aldeu's 
account  of  the  Religious  Society  of  Portsmouth ; 
Hist.  Coll.X.ol;  Sprague's  Annals. 

L.VNGDON,  JoiLN,  LL.  U.,  governor  of  New 
Hampshire,  died  at  Portsmouth  Sept.  19,  1818, 
aged  78.  He  was  the  grandson  of  Tohias  L., 
and  the  son  of  John  L.,  a  farmer  of  Portsmouth. 
After  heing  educated  at  a  puhlic  grammar  school, 
he  hecame  acquainted  with  mercantile  husiness  in 
the  counthig-house  of  Daniel  Ilindgo,  and  after- 
wards jjrosecuted  business  upon  the  sea  until  the 
commencement  of  the  controversy  with  Great 
liritoin.    He  was  one  of  the  party  which  removed 


Yale  in  1809,  and  was  a  tutor  from  1811  to  1815. 
He  was  pastor  at  B.  from  1810  to  1825.— 
S])ragnc's  Aininls. 

L.\NGSTA1'F,  Hi-.xitY,  died  hy  afidl  at  Bloody 
Point,  N.  H.,  in  1705,  aged  100;  a  hale,  strong 
man ;  the  first  in  New  luigland  who  reached  a 
century.  But  in  the  next  one  hundred  and  forty 
years  there  were  one  hundred  and  sixty  jiersons 
who  attained  the  same  or  a  greater  age.  See  W. 
Perkins. 

LANGWOUTHY,  Contilnt,  Mrs.,  died  at 
Stonington,  Conn.,  in  1814,  aged  105. 

LANKTON,  Li:vi,  died  in  Alstead,  N.  II.,  in 
1843,  aged  about  87.  Born  in  Southington, 
Conn.,  he  was  graduated  at  Y'ale  in  1777,  and  was 
pastor  in  Alstead  from  1789  to  1828. —  Sprague't 
Annals. 

LANMAN,  Jamks,  died  at  Norwich,  Conn., 
Aug.  7,  1841,  aged  72.  He  graduated  at  Yale  in 
1788,  and  was  a  senator  of  the  United  States,  and 


604 


LANSING. 


LATIinOP. 


1)1    u 


n  jii'l^'o  of  tho   suprfmo   court   of  ronnccticiif. 
llislirollicr,  I'llcr  I,.,  died  Dec,  !.>!»,  IS.VI,  ii},'C(l  K;{. 

LAN'SIN'Ci.  AiiuiiAM.  till-  oi-ij,'iM!il  inopiictor 
.of  l,nnsiii;,'lHirf,'li,  \.  Y.,  iliiil  nt  New    York   in 
IT'.d,  »<^vt\  T'_'. 

I,.\\S1\G,  .loli.v,  flinnci'llor  of  New  York, 
died  ill  Nov.,  1Kl1!»,  iijicd  ".").  He  went  out  from 
tliu  City  liolcl,  .New  Yoik.  one  stormy  cvcniiif^, 
and  wus  never  lie;ird  of  iifterwurds. 

l-.\.N'SiXfJ,  NiciKii.AS,  iiiiiiiiitr  at  Tajiijaii, 
N.  \.,  died  in  IN.'W,  a>;e(l  NO. 

L.\l'Il.\.M.  Dauhs,  died  in  Cincinnati  in  18,j0, 
nf,'e(l  IL'.  lie  «as  an  enj^ineer,  first  emjiloyed  on 
the  V.r'w  canal ;  and  was  a  man  of  science. 

LAJtCCM,  Maky,  Mrs.,  died  at  Hartford, 
Conn.,  in  INIJ!),  n^'cd  lOO. 

LAUNi;i),  Svi.VKsTiu,  minister  of  New  Or- 
leans,   died  All-,'.  .'J I,  1  H'.'O,  a;,'ed  L'l.     ITc  was  the 
son  of  Col.    .Simon    l.arned.  of  I'ittsfield,  Mass., 
■who    was    a  n  ilive  of  'i'liom|)s<)ii.  Conn.,  and   a 
l{e^olutionary    ollicer,    and    died    in    1S17.     His 
mother,  of  extraordinary  intellectual   jiower  and 
])ious  J.eal,  was  of  the  name  of  Hull,  of  Hartford. 
lie  was  horn  An;,'.  !5I,  17!)(!,  and  after  hcinfj  for  a 
short  lime  a  memhcr  of  M'illiams  coUcfjc,  he  re- 
moved to  Middlehury  with  his  friend,  Solomon 
Allen,  and  there  in  his  senior  year  his  mind  was 
first  im])ressed  hy  reli;^ious  truth,     lie  "^aduatcd 
in  18KJ,  havin;^  the  l'".n}r|ish  oration.     His  talents 
were  very  early  dcvelojK'd.     His  theological  edu- 
cation was  at  .Vndovcr  and  I'rinceton.     At  this 
period  no  one  e(|ualled  him  in  cttemporary  de- 
bate.    After  he  hccanie  a  jircachcr,  in  1817,  and 
was  ordained    as  an   evanf^elist,  he  repaired  to 
New  Orleans,  where  he   arrived  Jan.  22,  1818. 
Mr.  Cornelius  had  been  there  as  a  missionary 
about  three  weeks,  endeavoring  to  form  a  congre- 
gation.    On  the  arrival  of  Mr.  Larned  the  society 
was  ([uickly  established,  and  he  was  settled  as  the 
minister  of  the  first  Presbyterian  congregation. 
In  the  smiinier  he  visited  New  Tngland,  and  ])ro- 
cured  materials  for  the  erection  of  a  church.   The 
corner-stone  was  laid  Jan.  8,  1819.     He  fell  a 
victim  to  the  yellow  fever  the  ne.xt  year.     He 
])reachcd   on   the  j)receding   Sabbath  from   the 
words,  "  l'\)r  to  me  to  live  is  Christ  and  to  die  is 
gain ;  "  and  closed  liis  discourse  in  tears.     Mr. 
Hull,  the  I'-piscoj/al  miin'ster,  read  the  funeral  ser- 
vice over  him  in  the  Presbyterian  church.     His 
widow,   Sarah   Wyor,   of  Newburyj)ort,   died  at 
"Washington  city  Jan.  20,  1825,  aged  25.     ]Mr. 
Larned  was  distinguished  for  his  powerful  talents 
and  iiathiitic  eloquence.     He  was  sanguine,  l)old, 
and  confident,  yet  not  hayghty.     He  had  jjress- 
ing   solicitations   from    churches   in   Alexandria, 
Baltimore,  and  Boston,  to  become  their  pastor ; 
but  he  deemed  his  Christian  influence  more  im- 
portant at  New  Orleans.    Probably  no  j)reacher 
in  the  United  States  occupied  a  more  important 


station,  or  was  more  admired  for  his  eloquence. 
J!y  iiis  death,  a  kind  of  sacrifice  to  duty,  he  left 
a  deep  impression  of  the  courage  and  value  of 
true  piety. 

"  licTcilvinK  hl^  mysterious  lot, 
1  niriiirii  liini.  t>uf  t  priii^o  )iim  not; 

(ilory  to  <ioiI  lie  ^riv*■Il. 
W'lin  wilt  liliii,  like  the  nidiiiut  tiow, 
His  rftvcnuiit  of  p,';iri'  to  Kliow, 
Atiiw.'irt  tlir  liiTiiliiiij;  s'criu  to(,'liiw, 

Tiieii  viinisli  into  lica^t'ii.'' 

L.\RNEI),  CiiAiii.r.s,  general,  died  of  the 
cholera  at  Detroit  .\iig.  13,  1834;  a  son  of  Col. 
Simon  L.  of  I'ittsfield. 

L-MINICI),  ]:i!A,srfs,  minister  of  Canterbury, 
Conn.,  died  before  1840.  He  graduated  at 
Brown  university  in  1795. 

],.\SKLI,  ICnWAUi),  died  at  Auburndale  Jan. 
.'il,  1852,  aged  42,  of  typhus  fever.  He  had  been 
eighteen  years  jirofessor  of  chemistry  at  Williams 
college,  lie  had  jirojccted  and  established  with 
others  a  female  seminary  at  Auburndale. 

LATIIKOP,  John,  the  first  minister  of  Scituate 
and  Barnstalile,  Mass.,  died  Nov.  8,  1053.  He 
was  educated  at  O.xford,  and  was  an  I''i)iscopal 
minister  in  Kent.  About  1024  he  renounced  his 
I"-pisco|)al  orders  andAvas  chosen  the  successor  of 
Henry  Jacob,  who  in  1010  became  the  jjastor  in 
London  of  the  first  Independent  or  Congrega- 
tional church  in  England,  but  removed  in  1024 
to  Virginia,  where  he  died.  The  congregation 
met  in  private  houses.  In  April,  1032,  the 
bishop  seized  and  imjirisoned  forty-two  of  them  ; 
eighteen  escajicd.  Mr.  L.,  after  nii  imprison- 
ment of  two  years,  obtained  liberty  "  to  depart 
the  kingdom."  Mr.  Canne  succeeded  him. 
I  With  about  thirty  followers  he  came  to  New 
I'^ngland  in  1034.  He  removed  from  Scituate  to 
Barnstable  Oct.  11,  1039.  He  was  meek,  lumi- 
ble,  learned,  and  faithful.  His  successors  were 
Widley,  Russell,  and  Shaw.  He  left  several  sons 
and  daughters;  his  son,  Samuel,  who  settled  at 
Norwich,  was  the  ancestor  of  those  who  bear  the 
name  in  Connecticut,  New  Y'ork,  and  Vermont. 
Mr.  L.  wrote  his  name  Lothroj)p :  Morton  wrote 
it  Laythroji ;  some  of  his  descendants  in  Ply- 
mouth county  still  write  it  Lothrop,  as  the  word 
is  pronounced  in  Massachusetts ;  but  it  is  gen- 
erally written  Lathrop.  A  descendant  at  Nor- 
wich, Dr.  Joshua  L.,  died  Oct  29,  1807,  aged  84. 
Two  of  his  letters  to  Gov.  Prince  arc  in  2  hist, 
coll.  I.  171. —  Spragtie's  Annals. 

LATHIIOP,  Elijah,  minister  of  Gilend  in 
Hebron,  Conn.,  died  in  1797,  aged  73.  He  grad- 
uated at  Yale  in  1749. 

LATHROP,  Joshua,  Dr.,  died  at  Norwich, 
Conn.,  hi  1807,  aged  84.  He  was  a  graduate  of 
Yale  in  1743 ;  a  man  highly  esteemed.  David 
Austin  married  his  only  daughter. 


LATimor 


LATimor. 


605 


an  im])rison- 


LATIIROP,  EnEN'KZEn,  Renrral,  died  in  Ham- 
stable  in  181j,  aged  71',  aa  ofliccr  of  the  devo- 
lution. 

LATIIROP,  Joseph.  I).  1)„  minister  of  "West 
SprinfjUeld,   Mass.,  a    descendant   of   J<ihn   L., 
died  Dec.  31,  IH'JO,  a{,'ed  S').     He  was  the  son  of 
Solomon  and  Martha  L.,  and  was  horn  at  Nor- 
wich, Conn.,  Oct.  20,  1731.     Alter  tlic  decease  of  1 
his  father  in  1733,  his  mother  removed  to  Bolton. 
lie  graduated  at  Yalo  collef,'e  in  17u(),  lKivinf»  j 
first  made  a  ])rofession  of  relif^ion.     llecoming  the 
teacher  of  a  school  at  Sprin^ilield,  he  studied  the- 
ology with  Mr.  IJreck,  and  wns  ordained  Aug.  12.3, 
1750,  and  was  pastor  sixty-three  years.     In  1810, 
Dr.  Sprague,  now  of  All)any,  was  settled  as  his 
colleague.     His  wife  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Capt. 
Seth  IJwight  of  Hatfield,  died  in  1821.     His  son 
was  president  of  the  senate.    He  stood  as   the 
patriarch   of  the   Congregational  churches ;    no 
minister  was  more  respected  and  venerated.     He 
wa.s  as  eminent  for  candor  and  charity  as  ho  was 
devout  and  holy  in  life.     A  man  once  had  the 
impudence  to  atskhim:    "Dr.  Latlirop,  do  you 
think  you  have  got  any  religion i*  "     He  replied; 
•'  None  to   speak   of."     AVhen  one   in   another 
parish  asked  his  advice  in  regard  to  his  minister, 
whom  he  did  not  well  like,  he  advised  him,  as  ho 
was  a  rich  farmer,  to  send  a  generous  j)ieco  of  his 
beef,  when  he  slaughtered  a  fat  animal,  to   his 
minister,  accompanied  with  this  passage :  "  Let 
him  that  is  taught  in  the  word,  communicate  in 
all  good   things  to  him    that  teacheth."    As  a 
writer  he  was  remarkably  perspicuous,  jdain,  and 
useful.      His   publications  were  numerous,  and 
more  extensively  known  than  those  of  any  con- 
temporary theologian  of  this  country.     They  con- 
sisted of  sermons,   six  volumes   of  which   were 
])ublished  during   his   life,   on   various   subjects, 
chiefly  jn-actical.     After  his  death  au  additional 
volume  was  j)ublished,  accomi)anied  by  a  memoir 
of  his  life,  written  by  himself.     This  autobiogra- 
])hy  is  remarkable  for  its  simplicity  and  candor. 
His  sermons  were  published  2  vols.,  17'Jti;  1  vol., 
18(10:  5  vols.,  2d  edit.,  1807-0;  and  a  volume  of 
discourses  on  the  ciiistlo  to  the  Hebrews,  8vo., 
1801.     Ho  published  the  following  sermons  :  on 
the  death  of  U.  lireck,  1781;  of  Dr.  Gay,  Suf- 
fiuUI;  of  Dr.  G.'s  wife,  1700;  of  Mrs.  Whitney, 
1800;  ofllev.  Mr.  At  water,  1802;  of  four  young 
women  drowned  at  Southwiek,  1800  ;  at  a  thanks- 
giving relating  to  the  insurrection,  1780;  the  jier- 
splcuity  of  the  Scriptures,  in  American  jjreachor, 
1701;  four  discourses  on  baptism,  1703;  on  the 
di.sniission  of  Mr.  W'illard  of  Wilbraham,  1794 ; 
on  American  independence,  1704;  at  a  thanks- 
giving, 170j  ;  atmtury  discourse  for  the  town; 
to  children,  1796;  God's  challenge  to  infidels,  at 
a  fast,  1707;  at  a  fast,    1708;  also,  1803;  also, 
1808;  at   the   ordination  of  Mr.  Hall,  1797;  of 
Mr.  Hemis,  1801 ;  of  K.  D.  Andrews,  1807 ;  of 
64 


Thaddeus  Osgood,  1808;  century  sermon,  1800; 
at  the  dedication  of  Wcstfield  academy,  1800; 
before  a  missionary  society,  1802;  on  leaving  the 
old  meeting-house  ;  dedication  of  the  new,  1802; 
two  discourses  on  the  .Sabbath,  1803;  two  on  the 
church  of  God,  1804;  on  old  age;  on  suicide, 
two  sermons ;  on  the  drought ;  on  the  opening  of 
the  bridge,  180,5  ;  on  Christ's  warning  to  churches ; 
on  the  consulting  of  the  witch  of  Endor  ;  on  tho 
solar  eeli])se,  1800;  warning  to  beware  of  false 
prophets,  181 1  ;  before  a  bible  society,  1814  ;  two 
sermons  on  tlie  sixtieth  anniversary  of  his  ordina- 
tion, 1810.  —  Sprague^K  Annals. 

LATHUOP,  Joiix,  D.  1).,  minister  in  Boston, 
a  great-grandson  of  John  L.,  of  Harnstabic,  died 
Jan.  4,  181(i,  aged  7  j.     Ho  was  born  in  Norwich, 
Conn.,  May  17,  1740,  and  was  one  of  ten  sons. 
Ho  graduated  at  Vruiceton  college  in  1703,  and 
soon   afterwards    became   an   assistant    to    Mr. 
Whcclock  in  his  Indian  school  at  Lebanon.     He 
was  ordained  May  18,  1708,  at  the  Old  North 
church,  Boston,  where  tho  Mathers  were  minis- 
ters.    In  1770,  his  society  having  united  with  Dr. 
I'emberton's,  of  the  new  brick  church,  their  own 
church  being  demolished  by  the  enemy,  ho  be- 
came the  ])astor  of  tho  united  society,  called  the 
second  church.     He  was  an  officer  of  various  lit- 
erary and  charitable  societies.     Ho  jiublished  the 
following  sermons:  soon  after  0th  March,  1770; 
on  early  piety,  1771  ;  at  the  artillery  eleccion ;  at 
the  thanksgiving,  1774;  on  5th  March,  1778;  on 
the  death  of  his  wife,  ^Mary  L.,  1778;  of  S.West, 
1808;  of  his  wife,   Elizabeth   L.,    1809;   of  J. 
Eekley,  1811 ;  of  J.  Eliot,  1813;  at  the  ordina- 
tion of  Vf.  Bontley,  1783;  on  the  peace,  1784; 
before  tho  humane   society,    1787 ;    catechism, 
1701;  Dudleian  lecture,  on  popery,  1793;  before 
the  firo  society,  1706;  at  the  Thursday  lecture, 
1797;  at  llrattle-streot,  1798;  on  tho  fast,  1799  j 
on  the  commencement  of  the  nineteenth  century ; 
before  the  society  for  propagating  the  gospel; 
before   the  female  asylum ;  at  Milton,  1804 ;  at 
the   thanksgiving,  1808;  at   the   same,  1811;  a 
birth-day  discourse,  1812;  at  tho  fast,  1812;  on 
the  law  of  retaliation,  1814;  on  the  peace;  his- 
tory of  the  late  war,  1815.  —  Parkman's  Sermon. 
LATIIROP,  John,  son  of  the  preceding,  died 
at  Georgetown,  I).  C,  Jan.  30,  1820,  aged  48. 
He  was  born  in  Boston  in  1772,  and  was  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  college  in  1780.     Having  studied 
law,  he  settled  at  Dedluim  ;  but,  soon  returning 
to  Boston,  he  devoted  himself  to  literary  and  so- 
cial hidulgence  with  I'aine,  Prentice,  and  others, 
neglecting  his  profession.    Embarking  for  India, 
he  lived  at  Calcutta  ten  years,  teaching  a  school, 
and  writing  for  the  journals.     In  1809  he  re- 
turned and  engaged  in  the  business  of  teaching, 
and   gave  lectures   on  natural    philosophy.    In 
1819  he  proposed  to  publish  a  work  on  the  man- 
ners und  customs  of  India.    lie  went  to  tha 


606 


LATIIROP. 


LAURENS. 


south,  and  delivered  lectures.  At  last  ho  oli- 
taincd  h  ])lace  in  the  iiost-ofTice.  Improvident 
and  destitute  of  foresifjht,  his  talents  scarrcly 
procured  him  subsistence.  lie  ijubiishcd  an  ora- 
tion July  •!,  1790;  Hpocch  of  Canonicus,  a  i)ocm, 
Calcutta,  1802;  the  same,  Koston,  18(»;i;  pocket 
register  and  freemason's  antholofry,  1813. — 
Specimens  American  Podry,  u.  101-108. 

LATIIItOP,  Sasiukl,  died  at  West  Sjjringfield 
July  11,  1810,  aged  about  75.  lie  was  the  son 
of  ilev.  Dr.  L.,  and  a  graduate  of  Yale  in  1792. 
He  was  a  member  of  congress  1818-182t5.  Ilis 
widow  died  in  1853,  aged  73.  His  minister,  Jlev. 
Dr.  Sprague,  now  of  All)any,  was  his  son-in-law. 

LATTA,  James,  died  at  Chestnut  Level,  Lan- 
caster CO.,  Pcnn.,  in  1801,  aged  G7.  lie  was  a 
preacher  from  Ireland.  He  had  four  sons,  who 
were  ministers,  of  whom  Francis  A.  L.  died  at 
Monson,  the  preceptor  of  Moscow  academy,  near 
rhiladeli)hia,  in  183 1,  aged  G7.  John  V..  Latta, 
of  New  Castle,  Del.,  delivered  a  sermon  before 
the  general  association  of  Connecticut  in  1809, 
which  was  published.  He  died  in  Delaware  in 
1824. 

LAUDERDALE,  James,  lieut.-colonel,  was 
killed  in  battle  under  Gen.  Jackson,  Dec.  13, 1814. 
Born  in  Virginia,  of  an  ancient  family,  ho  re- 
moved to  West  Tennessee.  He  was  distinguished 
in  three  battles  under  Gen.  Coffee,  with  the  Creek 
Indians.  —  Analecl.  Magazine,  v. 

LAURENS,  Henry,  president  of  congress, 
died  Doc.  8,  1792,  aged  G9.  He  was  a  native  of 
South  Carolina,  and  took  an  early  part  in  o])pos- 
ing  the  arbitrary  claims  of  Great  Britain  at  the 
commencement  of  the  American  Revolution. 
When  the  provincial  congress  of  Carolina  met  in 
June,  1775,  he  was  appointed  its  jjrcsident,  in 
which  capacity  he  drew  up  a  form  of  association, 
to  be  signed  by  all  the  friends  of  liberty,  which 
indicated  a  most  determined  spirit.  After  the 
establishment  of  the  temporary  constitution  in 

1776,  he  was  elected  vice-president.  Being  ap- 
pointed a  member  of  the  general  congress  after 
the  resignation  of  Hancock,  he  was  appointed 
president  of  that  illustrious   assembly  in  Nov., 

1777.  In  1780  he  was  deputed  to  solicit  a  loan 
from  Holland,  and  to  negotiate  a  treaty  with  the 
United  Netherlands.  But  on  his  passage  he  was 
captured  by  a  British  vessel  on  the  banks  of  New- 
foundland. He  threw  his  jjapcrs  overboard,  but 
they  were  recovered  by  a  sailor.  Being  sent  to 
England,  he  was  committed  to  the  tower  Oct.  6th 
as  a  state  prisoner,  upon  a  charge  of  high  treason. 
Here  he  was  confined  more  than  a  year,  and  was 
treated  with  great  severity,  being  denied,  for  the 
most  part,  all  intercourse  with  his  friends,  and 
forbidden  the  use  of  jjcn,  ink,  and  paper.  His 
capture  occasioned  no  small  embarrassment  to 
the  ministry.  They  dared  not  to  condemn  him 
as  a  rebel,  tlirough  fear  of  retaliation,  and  they 


were  unwilling  to  release  him,  lest  he  should  nc- 
cnmplish  the  object  of  his  mission.  The  discov- 
eries found  in  his  ])a])prs  led  to  war  lietwecn 
Great  Britain  and  Holland,  and  Mr.  Adams  was 
ajipointcd  in  his  place  to  carry  on  the  ne- 
gotiation  with  the  United  Provinces.  l)Mr- 
ing  his  imprisonment  it  was  intimated  to  .Mr. 
Laurens  that  it  might  be  of  advantage  to  liim  if 
he  could  induce  his  son,  then  on  a  mission  to 
Prance,  to  withdraw  from  that  country.  He  rc- 
])lied,  "  that  such  was  the  filial  regard  nf  his  son, 
that  he  knew  he  woidd  not  hesitate  to  forfeit  his 
life  for  his  father;  but  that  no  consideration 
would  induce  Col.  Laurens  to  relinquish  his  honor, 
even  were  it  possible  for  any  circumstance  to  \n-c. 
vail  on  his  father  to  make  the  improper  request." 
At  length,  in  Dec,  1781,  enfeebled  in  hcaltli  and 
apparently  sinking  into  the  grave  if  continued  in 
confinement,  he  sent  a  jjetition  to  the  house  of 
commons  for  release,  stating  that  he  had  labored 
to  preserve  the  friendship  between  Groat  Britain 
and  the  colonies,  and  had  extended  acts  of  kind- 
ness to  British  prisoners  of  war.  At  the  close  of 
the  year  he  was  accordingly  released.  Proceed- 
ing to  Paris,  he,  with  Franklin,  etc.,  signed  the 
preliminaries  of  ])eace  Nov.  30,  1782,  having  been 
appointed  by  congress  one  of  the  commissioners. 
He  returned  to  this  country  in  1783,  and  died  at 
Charleston.  He  directed  his  son  to  burn  his 
body  on  the  third  day,  as  the  sole  condition  of 
inheriting  an  estate  of  sixty  thousand  j)ouiuls 
sterling.  Dr.  Ramsay  married  his  daughter. 
His  son,  Henry  L.,  died  in  Jlay,  1821.  —  Gor- 
don; Ramsaij's  liev.,  II.  213;  History  of  Soulk 
Carolina,  1.33,38,93;  Warren;  Marshall,  m. 
339 ;  IV.  5,  572. 

LAURENS,  John,  a  brave  officer  in  the  .\mrr- 
ican  war,  died  in  1782.  He  was  the  son  of  tlie 
preceding,  and  was  sent  to  l^igland  for  his  edu- 
cation, lie  joined  the  army  in  the  beginning  of 
1777,  from  which  time  he  was  foremost  in  danger. 
At  Germantown  he  was  wounded.  He  was  ])res- 
ent  and  distinguished  himself  in  every  action  nf 
the  army  under  General  Washington,  and  was 
among  the  first  who  entered  the  British  lines  at 
Yorktown.  Early  in  1781,  while  he  held  iho 
rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  he  was  selected  as  the 
most  suitable  person  to  depute  on  a  sjiecial  mis- 
sion to  France,  to  solicit  a  loan  of  money,  and  to 
procure  military  stores.  lie  arrived  in  March 
and  returned  in  August,  having  been  so  successful 
in  the  execution  of  his  commission,  that  congress 
passed  a  vote  of  thanks  for  his  services.  Such 
was  his  dis])atch,  that  in  three  days  after  he  re- 
paired to  Philadelj)hia  he  finished  his  business 
with  congress,  and  immediately  afterward  rejoined 
the  American  army.  In  conjunction  with  Dr. 
Franklin,  Count  de  Vergenncs,  and  Marquis  do 
Castries,  he  arranged  the  plan  of  the  camj)aign 
for  1781.     August  27,  1782,  in  opposing  a  forng- 


LAURIE. 


LAWRENCE. 


507 


dhmiUl  nc- 
I'lic  iliscnv- 
ir  l)t'twi'(.'n 
\ilaniH  vas 
in  the  lie- 
OS.  Dur- 
tfd  to  Mr. 
;e  to  lilin  if 
,  mission  to 
ry.  H''  I'P- 
l  of  Ills  son, 

0  forfeit  liis 
onsiileration 
ill  his  honor, 
ancc  to  iire- 
per  request." 
n  health  nnd 
continued  in 
the  house  of 
had  lahored 

Groat  Britain 
actH  of  kind- 
it  the  close  of 
;d.  I'rocecd- 
'.,  sifjncd  the 
1,  having  boon 
ommissioners. 
3,  and  died  at 

1  to  burn  his 
,e  condition  of 
.isand  pounds 
his   dau}!;htcr. 

mil.  —  dor- 
■tory  (if  Sdiitk 
Marshall,  in. 

in  the  .\mpr- 
he  son  of  the 
id  for  liis  cdii- 

beginniufi;  of 
nost  in  danger. 

He  was  |)res- 
pvrry  notion  of 
Rton,  and  was 

itish  lines  at 
he   held  the 
selected  as  the 

a  s])ccial  inis- 

nioney,  and  to 
ived  in   March 

n  so  successful 
I,  that  congress 
services.  Such 
lys  after  ho  re- 

d  his  business 
erward  rejoined 
ction  with  Dr. 
nd  Marquis  dc 

if  the  camjiaign 
pposing  a  forag- 


lnf»  party  of  the  Tlritish,  near  Combahce  river,  In 
South  Carolina,  lie  was  mortally  wounded,  and  he 
died  at  the  age  of  2U.  llis  father,  just  released 
from  im])risoiimeiit,  and  lia)i]iy  in  a  fnn  of  such 
distiuclion  and  virtues,  now  witnessed  the  desola- 
tion of  all  his  hopes.  Col.  Laurens,  uniiiiig  the 
talents  of  a  great  ollicer  with  the  knowledge  of 
the  scholar  and  the  engaging  manners  of  llie 
gontlenian,  was  tl  .,•  glory  of  the  army  and  the 
idol  of  his  country.  Washington,  who  selected 
him  as  his  aid,  and  reposed  in  him  the  highest 
confidence,  declared  that  he  could  discover  no 
fault  ill  him,  iniless  it  was  intre])idity,  bordering 
uimn  rashness.  His  abilities  were  cchibited  in 
the  legislature  nnd  in  the  cabinet,  ns  well  as  in 
tho  field.  He  was  zealous  for  the  rights  of  hu- 
manity, and,  living  in  n  country  of  slaves,  con- 
tended that  personal  liberty  was  the  birthright  of 
every  human  Iieing,  however  diver-iifted  by  coun- 
try, color,  or  powers  of  mind.  His  insinuating 
address  won  the  hearts  of  all  his  acquaintance, 
while  his  sincerity  and  virtue  secured  their  lasting 
esteem.  —  Jlamsay's  South  Curoliiia,  II.  21,  lOJ, 
200,  300,  374;  Gordon;  Warren,  II.  4Cj  ;  III. 
Oi,  Oj  ;  Marshall,  in.  48G,  008 ;  IV.  407,  48j, 
07  J ;  Gordon. 

LAURIE,  Mrs.,  wife  of  Thomas  Laurie,  mis- 
sionary to  Mosul,  died  Dec.  IG,  1843.  She  was 
born  in  Westford,  Mass.,  and  embarked  in  1842. 
She  died  in  peace.  Though  her  missionary  life 
was  brief,  she  did  not  live  in  vain. 

L.WAL,  Francois  ue,  first  bishop  of  Canada, 
arrived  in  June,  1009.  Ho  was  also  the  jiojic's 
apostolic  vicar.  Li  1CG2  he  jjrocurcd  tho  estab- 
lishment of  the  seminary  at  Quebec.  He  sent 
out  various  missionaries  amongst  the  Indians. 
He  made  great  and  commendable  exertions  to 
prevent  the  supply  to  the  Indians  of  strong 
liquors,  for  all  his  promising  Christians  were  be- 
coming drunkards.  But  he  struggled  in  vain 
a^anist  the  covetousness  of  the  traders,  who  were 
not  opposed  by  the  government.  He,  therefore, 
in  1002  repaired  to  France  and  presented  his 
complaint  to  the  king,  and  obtained  an  order  for 
the  suppression  of  the  detestable  trafKc.  It  was 
afterwards  resumed,  nnd  representations  were 
made  of  the  indispensable  necessity  of  it  in  order 
to  secure  the  friendship  of  the  Indians.  The 
bishop  was  for  some  time  engaged  in  another 
struggle ;  but  in  1G78  he  procured  another  order 
for  the  suppression  of  the  tralHc,  under  severe 
penalties  to  offenders.  —  Charlevoix. 

LAV.\L,  Lk  I'kkk,  a  Jesuit,  ])ublished  voyage 
do  la  Louisianc  en  1720,  4to.,  1728. 

LAV  AT,  R.  P.,  published  Xouvenu  voyage  aux 
Isles  de  TAmerique,  12mo.,  8  vols.,  1711. 

LAW,  JoxATH.\N,  governor  of  Connecticut, 
died  Nov.  6,  1700,  aged  70.  He  was  born  at 
Milford,  Aug.  0,  1074 ;  was  graduated  at  Har- 
vard college  in  1690  j  and  from  1715  to  1720, 


excepting  one  year,  was  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court.  Ill  1720  he  was  appointed  chiof  justice 
and  lieutenant-governor,  which  ollices  he  held 
till  he  was  chosen  governor,  as  successor  of  Jo- 
seph Talcott,  in  1741.  He  was  succeeded  by 
I'liigcr  Wolcott.  Governor  Law,  in  bis  zeal 
against  the  more  zealous  ])reachers  of  his  day, 
the  followers  of  Mr.  Whitelield,  the  new  lights, 
etc.,  gave  his  sanction  to  some  ])ersecuting  acts 
of  the  legislature.  Trumbull  remarks:  "Gov. 
Talcott,  who  called  those  days  times  of  refresh- 
ing, was  now  no  more,  and  a  gentleman  of  a 
dillercnt  character  was  chosen  governor.  Under 
his  administration  a  number  of  severe  and  per- 
secuting laws  wore  enacted."  Mr.  Law  was  of 
the  Anninian,  or  "  old-light "  party,  and  tho 
outrageous  enactments  wore  ascribed  to  him. 
President  Finley,  for  preaching  in  Connecticut, 
was,  agreeably  to  one  of  those  laws,  carried  ns  a 
vngrant  out  of  the  colony. 

LAW,  RiciiAUi),  LL.  1).,  chief  justice  of  Con- 
necticut, the  son  of  the  jireceding,  died  Jan.  20, 
1800,  aged  72.  He  was  born  at  Milford,  nnd 
graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1701.  After  a 
lucrative  jiracticc  of  law  for  some  years  at  New 
London,  he  was  njipointed  n  judge  of  the  county 
eourt  J  in  1784  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court; 
and  in  1780  chief  judge.  In  1789  ho  was  ap- 
pointed district  judge  of  the  United  States,  in 
which  office  he  continued  till  his  death. 

LAW,  iVMJRKW,  Rev.,  a  teacher  of  music  for 
forty  years,  died  at  Cheshire,  Conn.,  July,  1821, 
aged  73.  Ho  was  graduated  at  Brunswick  in 
1770.  He  invented  four  characters  to  express 
always  the  four  syllables  of  music,  lie  ])ublishcd 
rudiments  of  music,  1783 ;  musical  primer,  on  a 
new  plan,  with  the  four  characters,  1803;  mu- 
sical magazine,  1804  ;  collection  of  hymn  tunes. 
LAW,  LYMA.N,  died  nt  New  London,  in  1842, 
aged  71,  an  eminent  counsellor.  lie  graduated 
at  Ynlo  in  1791.  Ilis  father  and  grandfather 
were  distinguished  in  tho  councils  of  the  State 
and  nation.  He  was  a  member  of  congress  In 
the  time  of  Jefferson. 

LAWLER,  JoAu,  a  member  of  congress  from 
Alabama,  died  at  Washington  in  1838.  He  wa» 
a  Baptist  minister,  nnd  much  respected. 

L.\ WHENCE,  William,  tlie  minister  of  Lm- 
coln,  Mnss.,  died  in  1780,  nged  nbout  57.  He 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1743,  and  published  a 
sermon  at  the  ordination  of  S.  Farrar. 

LAWRENCE,  James,  a  naval  commander, 
died  June  G,  1813,  aged  31.  Ho  was  thi>  son  of 
James  L.,  a  lawyer,  and  was  born  at  Burlington, 
N.  J.,  Oct.  1,  1781.  He  had  early  a  pvedilection 
for  a  seafaring  life,  wliich  his  friends  could  not 
conquer.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  received  a 
midshipman's  warrant.  In  the  war  against  Tri- 
poli he  accompanied  Uecntur  as  his  first  lieuten- 
ant in  the  hazardous  exploit  of  destroying  the 


508 


LAWREXCE. 


LAWHENCK. 


?■ 


M 


I 


m 


friRttto  rhiladclphin.  Mc  rrmnincd  scvrrnl  yonrs 
in  the  McdiRrraiu'iin  niul  comnKuiilcd  Hucct'ssivcly 
tho  Vixen,  Wnsp,  Ar>,'iis,  and  Hornet.  AViiilf 
cruiNing  in  tlic  liittor  off  Delaware,  lie  foil  in  with 
tho  Uritish  hrifj,  I'eaedck,  and  after  an  action  of 
fiflcon  minntcH  taptnred  lier,  I'eli. 'Jl,  1H13.  On 
his  return  ho  was  received  with  dlNtinction.  lle- 
inf<  jjromoted  to  the  rank  of  ]iost  captain,  he  was 
intrusted  witli  tho  comniiuid  of  the  frigate  Chcs- 
opeakc.  Whilo  in  lloston  roads,  nearly  ready  for 
sea,  tho  IJritish  frifjate  Shannon,  Caj)!.  Itrogko,  np- 
jiearcd  off  the  harhor,  and  made  sif,'nalM  oxjjres- 
sivc  of  a  challcn;?c.  Althou;,'h  under  many  dis- 
advantages, with  an  undisciplined  crew,  etc.,  yet 
Cnpt.  L.  determined  to  accept  the  challenge. 
lie  put  to  sea  in  the  morning  of  June  1 ;  the 
Shannon  bore  nway.  At  four  the  Chesai)eake 
hauled  up  and  fired  a  gun ;  the  Shannon  then 
hove  to.  Soon  after  the  action  commenced,  Capt. 
L.  was  wounded  in  the  leg.  Soon  tho  anchor 
of  the  Chesapeake  caught  in  one  of  tho  Shannon's 
ports,  in  consequence  of  which  her  guns  could 
not  bo  brought  to  boar  uj)on  the  enemy.  As 
Capt.  L.  was  carried  below  in  consequence  of  a 
second  and  mortal  wound  from  a  bullet,  which 
lodged  in  his  intestines,  ho  cried  out,  "  Don't 
give  up  tho  ship ! "  But  ai>er  tho  action  had 
continued  eleven  minutes  tho  enemy  boarded  and 
captured  the  Chesapeake.  The  loss  of  killed  and 
wounded  was  one  hundred  and  forty-six ;  that  of 
the  Shannon  eighty-six.  Capt.  L.  lingered  four 
days  in  extreme  pain  and  then  died.  lie  was 
honorably  buried  at  Ilahfax.  His  body  and  that 
of  Lieut.  Ludlow  wore  brought  by  Capt.  G. 
Crowninshield,  at  liis  own  expense,  to  Salem,  and 
then  removed  to  New  York.  His  wife  was  the 
daughter  of  Mr.  Montaudevert,  a  merchant  of 
New  York.    She  survived  with  two  children. 

LAWRENCE,  Samuel,  major  and  deacon,  tho 
father  of  a  distinguished  family,  died  in  Groton 
Nov.  8,  1827,  aged  73.  His  widow,  Susanna 
Parker,  daughter  of  William  P.,  died  May  2, 
1845,  aged  89.  He'was  a  descendant  in  the  fifth 
generation  from  John  Lawrence  of  Gn  at  St.  Al- 
bans, Herefordshire,  who  came  to  ^Valerto^vn, 
probably  of  Winthrop's  party,  in  1635,  and  who 
in  1660  removed  to  Groton,  where  he  was  an 
influential  and  respected  citizen.  Deacon  Law- 
rence, when  a  youth,  heard  the  alarm  from  Con- 
cord and  immediately  mounted  his  horse  and 
rushed  into  the  contest.  He  was  in  the  battle 
of  Bunker  Hill,  and  served  during  the  war.  For 
forty  years  he  was  a  deacon  of  the  church. 

LAWRENCE,  Lawrence,  a  Methodist  minis- 
ter in  Maryland,  presiding  elder  in  Chesapeake 
district,  died  April  4,  1829. 

LAWRENCE,  Lutiier,  son  of  Deacon  Sam- 
uel L.,  died  at  Lowell  April  27,  1839,  aged  61. 
He  was  mayor  of  the  city,  and  was  killed  by  o 
fall  through  the  scuttle  of  a  mill.    A  graduate 


of  Harvard  in  IWH,  In-  was  a  lawyer,  a  speaker 
(if  the  lioiise  of  reijro(.cntativt's,  a  man  resi)t'Ctcd 
for  his  virtues. 

l.AWIJI'.NCE,  N ATii AMF.I.,  miiuster  of  Tyngs- 
boroiifjh,  Mass.,  died  Sunday,  I'eb.  5,  IKI.'J,  aged 
77,  in  the  fiftieth  year  of  his  ministry.  His  death 
was  sudden.  He  ])reacheil  in  the  morning; 
walked  home  half  a  mile  in  a  snow-storm  ;  and 
was  fatally  attacked  at  his  table.  Ho  ])ublished 
a  sketrli  of 'I'yngsljorougli  in  historical  collections. 

LAWUKXCK,  John  J.,  missionary  at  Madura, 
died  at  Tran(|uel)ar  Dec.  20,  1816,  aged  ,')!).  Born 
in  Oeneseo,  N.  Y.,  ho  graduated  at  Union  col- 
lege in  1H29,  at  Andover  seminary  in  1831.  He 
sailed  from  Boston  in  ^lay,  1835,  and  continued 
in  the  Madura  mission  till  his  dcoth.  His  wife 
was  ^lary  Hulin  of  Troy. 

LAWRENCE,  Wii.i.iam,  the  son  of  Deacon 
Samuel  L.,  died  in  Boston  Oct.  14,  1H4H,  aged 
about  04.  Brought  uj)  a  farmer,  he  !)ecamc  a 
merchant!  at  first  he  kept  a  small  store;  then 
bo  was  a  ])artner  with  his  brother  Samuel.  In 
1825  he  commenced  domestic  manufactures.  Tlie 
Suffolk  bank  system,  much  commended,  origin- 
ated with  him.  Ho  married  a  daughter  of  M'il- 
liam  Boardman,  and  left  his  wife  and  four  chil- 
dren. He  was  a  man  of  integrity,  kindness,  and 
religions  faith.  His  munificence  to  Lawrence 
academy  in  Groton  is  worthy  of  honorable  record ; 
in  all  by  gift  and  bequest  ho  gave  40,000  dol- 
lars to  tho  academy.  His  portrait  and  a  memoir 
are  in  Barnard's  American  Journal  of  Education, 
July,  1856. 

LAAVRENCE,  JIyron,  died  in  Bclchertown, 
Mass.,  in  1852,  aged  57.  A  graduate  of  Middle- 
bury,  ho  was  a  lawyer  and  senator  of  Massachu- 
setts. His  daughter,  ^Irs.  Sara,  wife  of  Gov. 
Robinson,  published  in  1856  a  well-written 
account  of  Kansas,  to  which  she  was  an  emigrant, 
entitled,  Kansas,  its  interior  and  exterior  life. 
He  published  agricultural  address,  1832. 

LAWRENCE,  Amoh,  the  son  of  Deacon  Sam- 
uel L.,  died  in  Boston  Dec.  31,  1852,  aged  77. 
He  early  settled  in  Boston  as  a  merchant.  Mod- 
est and  unassuming,  his  private  noiseless  chari- 
ties were  unceasing  and  unequalled.  He  ex- 
pended, not  in  s])lendid  donations  bringing  fame, 
but  in  private  charities  in  various  forms  and  with 
unceasing  consideration  and  care,  as  much  as  six 
hundred  thousand  dollars !  To  Williams  college 
he  gave  at  different  times  about  25,000  dollars ; 
to  the  Bunker  Hill  monument  10,000  dollars; 
and  some  thousands  to  Groton  academy.  Though 
not  ranked  among  tho  orthodox  in  his  faith,  ho 
behoved  in  the  high  raidi  and  atonement  of  Jesus 
Christ.    His  memoirs  were  published  by  his  son. 

LAWRENCE,  Abhott,  died  in  Boston  Aug. 
18,  1855,  ogcd  02,  brother  of  tho  preceding.  At 
the  age  of  sixteen  he  entered  the  store  of  his 
brother  Amos,  at  39  Coruhill;  a  connection  in 


LAWllF.NCE. 


LAYXE. 


509 


buolncsd  fnllnwpd,  nml  tlic  nr(nii>ilion  nt  Inst  of  I 
great  wciiltli,  a  niillinii  imil  n  liiilI'Dr  two  iiiilliiin.s 
of  (li)lliirs,   l)y    im'i'cli:in(llM'   nnd   inanufiiclun's. 
He  a.ssihtfd  ill   ('>iliil)li>luii;,' tlie  citieM   of  J.owcll, ' 
I.awroiice,  niid     .Maiiclicstcr.      lie   was    several 
years  a  nuinlier  of  e()li;;re.'*s.     'I'lie  place  dI' seere- 
tary  of  tlio  navy,  "lleied  liini  liy  I'resideiit  'I'aj- 
lor,  ho  declined.     He  was  our  minister  to  I'.n^jland 
in    1H|!»,   and   in    snbseiiiient   years.     lie    K''ve  j 
.OO.OOO  diiilaiH  to  llarvaril   college  to  found  a  sci-  j 
eiililio  school,  and    l)e(iueatlicil  a    like  sum.     lie 
married  in  IMllI,  Katharine,  dau^'liler  of 'liniolhy 
Iti^'i'low,  and  lell  three  sons  and  two   daufjhter;-. 
Of  his  several  brothers  only  Saniia'l  survived  him. 
.Vllhou-jh  an  ntlendant  at   llratlle-street  church, 
in  Itoston,  his  friends,  or  some  of  them,  did  not 
renrard  him  as  in  his  faith  a  I'nitarian. 

LAW)ll':X('l'„  V.u:y/.\:ii,  Dr.,  died  at  Peijpcr- 
cU,  Mass.,  in  IH.Jt),  ajjed  M.  A  (graduate  of 
Harvard  in  ITO.J,  he  [jractised  iiliyic  fifty-niie 
years  in  Hamilton,  N.  H.  He  gavu  but  little 
mt'dicinc. 

LAW  SOX,  JoiiN,  a  traveller,  was  siirvcynr- 
gcncral  of  Xortli  Carolina.  While  pxiilorinj; 
lands  on  the  river  Xeus,  acconi])anictl  hy  the 
Darou  Grall'enreid,  the  Indians  seized  him  and 
solemnly  trkd  him  for  encroaching  on  their  tcrri- 
torv,  before  a  larf?e  coimcil,  and  condemned  and 
executed  him  in  the  autumn  of  1712.  This  was 
the  commencement  of  an  Indian  war.  The  baron 
cscajicd  by  represent iiip;,  that  ho  was  not  of  the 
English  party,  but  king  of  the  Palatines.  He 
pulilishcd  a  journal  of  one  thousand  miles'  travels 
amongst  the  Indians,  with  a  description  of  Xorth 
Carolhia,  4to.,  London,  1700;  the  same,  1711; 
also  the  same  at  Hamburg,  1712;  history  of  Car- 
olina, 4to.,  London,  2d  edit.,  1714;  the  same, 
1718. — Holmes,  I.  007. 

LAY,  Bexj.\.min,  a  benevolent  Quaker  of  great 
singularities,  died  hi  1700,  aged  79.  He  was  a 
native  of  England  and  brought  up  to  the  sea. 
About  the  year  1710  he  settled  in  Barbadoes. 
Bearing  his  open  testimony  in  all  companies 
against  the  conduct  of  the  owners  of  slaves,  ho 
became  so  obnoxious  to  the  hihabitants,  that  ho 
left  the  island  in  disgust,  and  settled  in  Penn- 
sylvania. He  fixed  his  residence  at  Abington, 
ten  miles  from  Philadelphia.  On  his  arrival  he 
found  many  quakcrs,  who  kept  slaves.  He  re- 
monstrated against  the  practice  with  zeal,  both 
in  public  and  private.  To  express  his  indigna- 
tion at  the  practice  of  slave-kee])ing,  he  once 
carried  a  bladder  filled  witli  blood  into  a  public 
meeting,  and  in  the  presence  of  the  whole  con- 
gregation thrust  a  sword  into  it,  which  ho  had 
concealed  under  his  coat,  exclaiming,  "  Thus 
shall  God  shed  the  blood  of  those  persons,  who 
enslave  their  fellow-creatures."  Calling  ujjon  a 
friend  in  Philadelphia,  he  was  asked  to  sit  down 
to  breakfast.    He  first  inquired,  "  Dost  thou  keep 


•davrs  in  thy  hou«e  ? "     On   being  aiMwrred  in 
the  alllrm.ttive,  he  said,  '•  Tiien  I  will  not  p,irtukc 
with   thee  of  the  fruits   of  thy  inirighleousnesH.'' 
•MU  r  an  ineli'eeltial  attempt  to  ((iiivinee  a  farmer 
and  his  wile  in  Chcsler  county  of  the  inii|iMty  of 
kei  piiii,'  .'laves,  lie  seized  tlieir  only  child,  a  little 
girl  of  tiiree  years  of  age,  uii<ler  llie  prelence  of 
eirrung  her  away,    and  when  the   cries  of  the 
cliilil  and  his  singular  expedient  alarmed  ihein, 
he  said,  "You  see  and  feel  now  a  liiile  of  the 
distress  which   yon  occasion  I'\  llu'  iiihuninn  prac- 
tice of  slave-keeping."     In  IT^i"  he  wrote  .i  trea- 
tise, entitled,  all  slave-keepers,  that    kei  p  llie  in- 
nocent in  bondage,  ajiostates.     It  was  ]niiited  by 
Dr.  I'rankliii,   wlio   told  the  author,  when   the 
manuscript  was  tiroii^'ht  to  him,  that  it  was  deti- 
cieiit  in  arrangement.     "  It  is    no    matter,"  said 
.Mr.  Lay;  "  print    any  part,  thou   jilcasest,  first." 
This  worthy  (iuaker  died  at  his  iiouse  in  .\hiiig- 
lon.     He  was  temperate  in  his  diet,  living  chielly 
upon  vegetables,  and  his  drink  was  pure  water. 
When  tea  was  introduced  into  Pennsylvania,  his 
wife  bnnight  home  a  small  (luanlity,  with  a  set 
of  cups  and  saucers.     In  his  zeal  he  seized  them, 
and,  carrying  them  back  to  the  (ity,  he  scattered 
the  tea  from  the  balcony  of  the  court  house,  in 
the  presence  of  a  nndtittule  of  sjiectators,  and 
liroke  to  pieces  the  instruments  of  luxury,  deliv- 
ering at  the  same   time  a   striking   lectiu'c  ujion 
the  folly  of  introducing  a  pernicious  herb  in  the 
place  of  the  wholesome  diet  of  the  country.     Ho 
often  visited  schools,  carrying  a  basket  of  religious 
books  with  him,  and  distributing  them  as  prizes 
among  the   scholars,   imparting   also  fretpiently 
some  advice   and  instruction.     So  much  was  ho 
the  enemy  of  idleness,  that  when  the  inclemency 
of  the  weather   confined  him    to   his   house,   or 
his  mind   was  wearied  with  reading,  he  used  to 
spend  his  time  in  spinning.     All  his  clothes  were 
manufactured  by  himself.     Though  kind  to  the 
poor,  he  had  no  pity  on  common  lieggars,  who, 
ho  said,  if  able  to   go  abroad  to   lieg,  were  able 
also  to  earn  four  pence  a  day,  and  this  sum  was 
sufficient  to  keep  any  person  above  want  or  de- 
pendence in  this  country.     He  onee  attempted  to 
imitate  our  Saviour  by  fasting  forty  days ;  but  he 
was  obliged   to  desist  from   the  attempt.     His 
weaknesses  and  eccentricities  disajjpcar  before  the 
splendor  of  his  humanity  and  benevolence.     His 
bold,  determined,  and  uniform  reprehension  of 
the    practice    of  slavery,    in   defiance  of  public 
opinion,  does  him  the  highest  honor.    The  tur- 
bulence and  severity  of  his  temjier  were  neces- 
sary at  the  time  in  which  he  lived ;  and  the  work 
which  lie  began  was  completed  by  the  meek  and 
gentle  Anthony  Benczet.  —  Hush's  Essays,  305- 
311 ;  Mass.  iMatjazine,  iv.  28-30. 

LAYNE,  CiLVRLES,  died  in  Campbell  co.,  Va., 
in  1821,  aged  121,  leaving  a  wife  aged  110.  He 
was  a  native  of  Virginia. 


610 


I.I'AKF.. 


LRAKE,  AVm.thii,  fjovminr  of  MiNNindippi, 
mircrcdid  (Jen.  I'liimlrNtiT  in  INLM,  uiid  \vii»  mic- 
cccdi'd  ljy  I)ii\Jd  lliiliiicH  ill  IN'.','),  lIcwiiNii 
soldirr  iif  the  Iii\(p|iilion.  Mr  dird  lit  MdumI 
SuliiH,  ill  IliiicM  ciiiiiity.  MisH,,  Niiv.  17,  iN'j.'i. 

l,i:.\MIN(i.  .hill  MMII,  J).  1),,  nil  l',i>i>-c()iiid 
minister,  died  a(  New  Iliivcii  in  .S('|it.,  IHOI,  ii;,'cd 
Hd.  Ik'  wuH  liiirii  in  Middictown,  Conn.,  in  171!l, 
and  WHS  ^'nidiiatrd  at  Yule  riillcj;!'  in  17  15.  lie 
]jri:i('lird  ill  Ncw|iiiit,  U.  I..  cIkIiI  yi'iirnj  at,  Ndr- 
waik,  CoMii.,  twciily-iilir  jriirs;  mid  at  Slriitlnrd 
i'i;;lit  or  iiiiir  years.  In  tlie  I',]iiseo|ial  e^iiiln)- 
vcrsy  ill'  nrole  uilli  f^rcat  iiMIIly  upon  I  lie  Huh- 
jt'Ct.  Ill,'  pulili>lii'd  a  deli'iit'c  iif  tlio  I'lpiseopal 
govcrninnit  of  tlii'  ciiiirch,  conlainintf  rcniarlis  on 
sonic  iioti'd  Ni'riiioiis  on  I'ri'sliyterian  ordiiialion, 
170(>j  a  M'coiid  ilet'cnee  of  the  I'lpiscojial  ^i>\- 
rrnment  of  tlu.'iliiir'.li,  in  aii.'iwcr  to  .N'oali  Welles, 
1770;  cvidciues  of  the  triitii  of  Cliristianity, 
llHo;  di.ssrrtations  on  vnrimm  sulijccts,  wliicli 
may  lie  well  worth  the  attention  of  every  Chris- 
tian, 17.S!). 

I.M.Mt,  Mrs.,  died  at  Porl.smoutJi,  N.  II.,  in 
177.0,  lifted  103. 

LKAU,  ]ti:.vj,nii\,  a  hermit,  died  at  Sagamore 
Creek,  in  Portsmouth,  .V.  II.,  Dec.  17,  ISOL',  ajjed 
82.  For  luoro  than  twenty  years  lie  lived  en- 
tirely alone,  in  a  miserahle  hut ;  yet  on  Iiis  own 
farm,  wliieli  wan  sutHeieiit  for  the  support  of  a 
lai'RO  family.  IIu  tilled  his  land,  milked  his 
cows,  made  his  hiitter  and  cheese,  Imt  sulisisted 
entirely  on  butter  and  milk.  At  the  afje  of  cifjhty- 
tvvo  his  face  was  as  free  from  wrinkles  as  that  of 
a  man  of  fifty,  lie  died  nlonc  in  the  morninf,' 
after  a  cold  nij^ht,  in  which  the  thermometer  was 
four  deforces  below  zero. 

LEAH,  Tonus,  colonel,  died  at  AVashington 
Oct.  11,  1816.  lie  was  consul-general  at  St. 
Domingo  in  1802;  he  was  afterwards  consul-gen- 
eral at  Tripoli,  and  in  1804  commissioner  with 
Barron  to  negotiate  a  ])eacc,  whic  h  he  eifected, 
much  to  the  dissatisfaction  of  Gen.  Eaton,  then 
at  the  head  of  an  army  at  Dcrne,  agreeing  to  pay 
for  two  hundred  jirisoners  00,000  dollars.  At 
the  time  of  liis  death  Mr.  Lear  was  accountant  of 
the  war  department. 

LEASUIIE,  JosKrn,  died  in  Garrard  county 
Ky.,  July  21,  1830,  aged  104  ;  being  born  March 
21,  1732.  lie  walked  seven  miles  the  day  of  liis 
death. 

LEAVENWORTH,  M.\kk,  minister  of  Water- 
bury,  Conn.,  died  in  1707,  aged  about  80.  lie 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1737,  and  was  ordained  in 
1740.  In  the  French  war  he  was  a  chaplain. 
He  published  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  1).  South- 
mayd,  1704;  at  the  election,  1772. 

LEAVENWORTH,  Hexuy,  brigadier-general, 
died  at  Cross  Timbers,  one  hundred  and  twenty 
miles  west  of  fort  Towson,  July  22,  1834.  He 
commanded  on  the  southwest  frontier. 


I.r.DYAHI). 

M'.WITT,  FniifiiiAf  F,  flrxt  mlnlnfer  of  Som. 
er",  Ciiiiii.,  died  in  170'  ,igcd  about  38,  \lo 
graduated  at  Yule  in  171./. 

M'.AVIIT,  l»i  mi  V.  iiiiiiisipr  of  the  Tabrrna- 
ele  eliiuili,  Sidem,  (111  il  in  17(12,  aged  12.  Horn 
in  Stratliaiii,  he  K>'ailiiated  at  I[ar\ard  in  173!). 

LI':,\Vrn',  IX ni.i.v,  died  at  Meredith,  N.  II., 
Sept.  22,  lN,'i|,ag((l  7M|  for  half  a  century  an 
ahiKiiiae-maker.      He  was  born  in  Ivveter. 

I.i:  Il.MtOX,  l''it,\N(  I.M,  a  physlci.-in,  died  ir» 
I'lymoulli  ill  17lll,  aged  .'JO.  .Vnativeof  l''raiuc, 
he  was  a  Mirj^'eon  in  a  privateer  wrecked  in  l!ii/. 
zard's  Itay  in  1000,  and  was  made  a  jirisonrr. 
His  Miigieal  skill  having  been  e\|)('riciiceil  at 
I'lymoiitli,  the  people,  although  he  was  a  Catlio. 
lie,  solicited  his  liberation  and  his  resideiuo 
among  them.  Tlicrii  he  married.  His  son,  Laz- 
arus, who  studied  with  Dr.  -Mackay,  a  Scotch 
physician  of  .Southampton,  I,.  I.,  after  long  prac- 
tice, died  in  I'lyniouth  in  1773,  aged  7ij  ;  and  two 
of  his  sons  died  physicians  in  I'lymonlh,  and  an- 
other  son,  I.enuii'l,  was  the  niinistcrof  Rochester. 

I.i;  ll.\kO\,  Li:mi  r,i.,  minister  of  Rochester, 
Mass.,  dij'd  in  Nov.,  1830,  aged  80,  in  the  sixty- 
lll'tli  year  of  his  ministry.  He  graduated  at  Yalo 
in  1708,  and  succeeded  Ivory  llovey,  and  was 
succeeded  by  Thomas  Robbins.  He  was  a  de- 
scendant of  Dr.  Francis  Le  Daron,  mIio  came  to 
I'lymoulh  from  France.  The  Indian  name  of 
the  village  of  Rochester  was  Mattajioisett,  mean- 
ing a  jilaco  of  rest. 

LI'XTIKORD,  'l'ni)M.\s,  a  lawyer  from  London, 
hved  in  Uoston  from  1038  to  1041.  lieiiig  dis- 
satisfied with  the  country,  he  returned  to  Eng- 
land. He  published,  jilaiii-dealing,  or  news  from 
New  England's  jiresent  government,  ecclesiastical 
and  civil,  compared,  etc.,  London,  1012. 

LEDERI'^ll,  Joiix,  an  early  e.\])lorcr  to  the 
west  of  Virginia,  ])ublished  his  discoveries  in 
three  numbers  in  1009  and  1070,  translated  froiu 
the  Latin  in  1072.  —  Ci/tl.  Am.  Lit. 

L]'',DYARI),  John,  a  distinguished  traveller, 
died  Jan.  17,  1789,  aged  38.  He  was  born  in 
Groton,  Conn.,  in  17iJl.  His  fetherdied  while  he 
was  yet  a  child,  and  he  was  left  under  the  care  of 
a  relative  in  Hartford.  Here  he  enjoyed  the  ad- 
vantages of  a  grammar  school.  After  the  death 
of  his  patron,  when  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age, 
he  was  left  to  follow  his  own  inclinations.  With 
a  view  to  the  study  of  divinity  he  now  passed  a 
short  time  in  Dartmouth  college,  where  he  had 
an  opportunity  of  learning  the  manners  of  the 
Indians,  as  there  were  several  Indian  pupils  in 
the  seminary.  His  aciiuaintancc  with  the  savage 
character,  gained  in  this  place,  was  of  no  little 
advantage  to  him  in  the  future  periods  of  his 
life.  His  poverty  obliging  him  to  withdraw  from 
the  college  before  he  had  comiileted  his  educa- 
tion, and,  not  having  a  shilling  in  his  pocket  to 
defray  the  expense  of  a  journey  to  Hartford,  he 


I.KDYAIlt). 

jnndo  Ji!m  a  rnnop,  filly  fed  in  l(>n;itli  nml  ihrfi- 
ill  hrritiltli,  niid  \nlt\n  );i-ii)'riiii>>ly  mipplii'il  Mitli 
Koriio  (Irifd  vniiimi  Inr  IiIk  ni'ii-dtort"*,  lio  rm- ' 
liurl.til  iipim  IIk'  ('i)iiii('(tlciit,  and,  nnhiu  down 
tliiit  riNfr,  wl.icli  in  in  many  |>lar)"<  r»|mi,  and 
uilli  \tlii('li  lie  waH  totally  nn.i('i|naiiitrd,  hi'  iir- 
rivt'il  Kat'i'ly  at  llartl'iird,  at  tiic  distanci'  ot'  niii' 
IniiKlrrd  iunl  dirty  uiilcs.  lie  Hoon  wrnt  to  Nfw  [ 
Yiirk,  and  sailrd  fur  I.ondnn  in  1771,  ns  n  coni- 
iiion  Naiior.  W'luii  Cajilain  Ciink  Haiii'd  oit  lii^t , 
lliinl  vii^a^'i'  iif  disciiviTy,  l.rdyard,  wliii  felt  an 
irn'si>lilili'  ilisiri'  tii  fXiilDrc  tlioM'  n);iiiiis  of  tlw 
l^fldlic  wliiiii  well'  y[  iindiM'iiMii  d,  or  iin|i(rti<ll\ 
ixnll^vn,  aici'iiiiil  tlio  hiiinlilu  Ntatinn  ot'  corporal 
of  iiiarinf.M,  ratiicr  than  f'nrc^fo  iiii  ()|i])ortuiiity  no  , 
invitinj;  to  his  iminisilivc  and  advcntnnms  sjiirit.  ' 
lie  was  a  fuviiiitf  ot'  till'  ilhislrioiis  na\i;,'ator, and 
was  one  of  the  witncssrs  of  his  Iri^^ica!  ind  in 
177H.  Ill'  asirilii'd  the  late  of  Cook  to  his  rasli- 
ni'ss  ami  injusticu  toward  the  hativfs.  I  It-  Hiir- 
pri^i'd  his  American  frii'iids,  wiio  hud  hoard  noili- 
iii(,'  of  hint  for  i'i),'lit  years,  iiy  a  visit  in  17H1. 
His  mother  kc|)t  a  iioardiiig-iionse  nt  Smitliold; 
he  took  lodf^iiif^s  with  her,  and  she  did  not  rceog- 
nize  iier  son.  Jlaxinj^  oti'ered  his  ser\ices  to  sev- 
eral inerehaiits  to  eoiuhitt  a  trading  voyage  to 
the  northwest  eoast,  and  meeting  with  no  eiiconr- 
ngement,he  again  einharked  for  I'.nglaiiil  in  17SL'. 
lie  now  resolved  to  traverse  the  continent  of 
America  from  the  northwest  eoast,  which  Cook 
had  partly  explored,  to  the  eastern  coast,  with 
which  he  was  already  perfectly  familiar.  ])isa|i- 
pointed  in  his  intention  of  sailing  on  a  voyage  of 
Commercial  adventure  toNootka  sound,  he  crossed 
the  liritisli  channel  to  Ostend  with  only  ten  guin- 
eas in  his  purse,  determined  to  travel  overland  to 
Knmschatkn,  whciii'  the  passage  is  short  to  the 
western'  ,  if  America.    AVhen  hecame  to  the 

gulf  of  :  .iiuiia,  he  attemiited  to  cross  the  ice, 
thai  .L  ni;:,'ht  reach  Kanischatka  by  the  shortest 
way  ;  twt  'Hiding  that  the  water  was  not  fro/en  in 
tijc  midiJile,  he  returned  to  Stockholm,  lie  tlii'ii 
trav(Ui>,i  northward  into  the  arctic  circle,  and, 
p»!ising  round  the  head  of  the  gulf,  descended  on 
its  eastern  side  to  St.  I'cterslrtn'gh.  There  his  ex- 
traoriliuary  appearance  attracted  general  notice. 
Without  stockings  or  shoes,  and  too  poor  to  ]iro- 
vide  himself  with  either,  he  was  invited  to  dine 
with  the  Portuguese  ambassador,  "!»>  sujjp!'' 
him  with  twenty  guineas,  on  tlie  credit  of  Sir  ,)n- 
seph  lianks.  Through  his  hiterest  l.e  also  ob- 
tained permission  to  accompany  a  del  arhment  if 
stores  destined  to  Yakutz  for  the  use  of  Mr.  liil- 
lings,  an  Englishman,  who  was  intrusted  with  the 
schemes  of  northern  discovery  in  which  the  em- 
l)ress  was  then  engaged.  From  Y'akutz,  which  is 
situated  in  Siberia,  six  thousand  miles  cast  of  Pe- 
tersburgh,  he  jiroceeded  to  Oczakow,  or  Ochotsk, 
on  the  Kamschatkan  sea;  but,  as  the  navigation 
was  completely  obstructed  by  the  ice,  he  returned 


Il'DYAHI). 


f>M 


to  Viiknt^,  intfnding  tow.iit  for  llip  fonrluiiiiin  of 

the  winter.     Mere,  in  ronncipieni f  nome  nnae- 

couiitiilili'  Rii^picioM,  he  waH  vei/id  in  ihi-iianii'  of 
the  empri'»H  li>  Iwu  ltii'-»ian  H'lilicis,  who  co.i- 
M'M'd  him,  in  the  di  plh  of  the  winli  r,  through 
the  north  of  larlary  to  the  frontier  of  the  I'oll-h 
dominions,  assuring  him,  at  tin  ir  departure,  that, 
if  he  relumed  to  IliiNNin,  he  should  eeitainly  bn 
hanged ;  but,  if  he  chose  to  return  to  I'.nglinid, 
they  wished  hini  a  pleasant  jiuiriU'V.  I'oor,  lor- 
lorn,  and  iVienilless,  com  red  with  rag«,  and  ex- 
hausted by  falii,'ui',  disease,  and  iniM  r\,  he  pro- 
eeeded  to  KonlgsliiT^',  w  here  the  ilileiestof  .Sir 
.loseph  Hanks  enabled  him  to  procure  the  sum  of 
live  guineas,  by  means  of  which  lie  arriveU  in 
I'.iigland, 

lie  iniiviediately  wailed  on  Sir  .Jo'-eph,  who  re- 
commended him  to  an  mlMiilnre  as  perilous  an 
that  from  wliiih  he  had  just  relunieil,  lie  now 
was  informed  of  the  \iiws  of  the  as^oeialioii, 
which  had  been  lately  fiirnu'd  for  ]ironioting  the 
discovery  of  the  interior  parts  of  .Mriea,  which 
were  then  little  known.  Sparrman,  Patterson, 
and  VaillanI  had  travellril  into  CaltVaria,  and 
Nordon  ami  Jlruee  had  enlarged  the  aeipiaintanco 
of  I'.tiropeans  with  J'.gypt,  Nulila,  and  .Miyssinia. 
In  regard  to  other  ]iarts  of  this  ipiarter  of  the 
globe,  its  geograiihy,  excepting  in  relation  to  its 
coasts,  was  involved  in  darknesN.  I.edyard  en- 
gagei!  with  enthusiasm  in  an  enti  rpri'-e,  which  he 
had  already  projected  for  bineeli';  and,  receiving 
from  Sir  Joseph  a  letter  of  introdiiclion  to  one  of 
the  members  of  the  cominitlee  appointed  to  direct 
the  business  and  iiromote  the  oliject  of  the  asso- 
ciation, he  went  to  him  without  delay.  The  de- 
scription, which  that  geiiilcman  has  given  of  his 
first  intervievi,  strongly  marks  the  character  of 
this  hardy  traveller.  "  liet'ore  1  had  learned," 
says  he,  "  from  the  note  the  iiiiine  ar.d  business  of 
my  visitor,  1  was  struck  with  the  numliness  of  his 
person,  the  breadth  of  his  chest,  the  openness  of 
his  cduntenance,  and  the  impiii  :iidc  of  his  eye.  I 
spread  the  map  of  Al'rica  lieibre  him,  and.  tracing 
a  line  from  Cairo  to  Seniiaar,  and  from  thence 
westward  in  the  latitude  and  supposed  direction 
of  the  Niger,  I  toKl  him  that  was  the  route  by 
which  1  was  ai.xious  that  .M'rica  might,  if  ])ossible, 
be  exjilored.  lie  said,  he  should  think  himself 
singularly  fortunate  to  be  inlrusted  with  the  ad- 
venture. I  asked  him  wluii  he  wiiuld  set  out? 
To-morrow  morning,  was  his  answer." 

Prom  such  zeal,  decision,  ai-.d  intrejiidity  tlic 
society  naturally  formed  the  most  sanguine  ex- 
pectations. He  sailed  from  London  June  'M, 
17H8,  and  in  thirty-six  da\s  arrived  in  the  city  of 
Alexandria;  aiul,  having  there  assumed  the  dress 
of  an  l']gy])tian  travi  tier,  jirocecdid  to  Cairo,  which 
he  reached  Aug.  19lh.  He  travelled  with  jiecu- 
liar  advantages.  Endowed  with  an  original  and 
comprehensive  genius,  he  beheld  with  interest 


612 


LEDYARD. 


LEE. 


^rf^ 


and  described  with  energy  the  scenes  and  objects 
around  liim;  and,  by  C()ni|)nniig  them  with  what 
ho  had  seen  in  otiicr  regions  of  the  globe,  lie  was 
enabled  to  give  his  narrative  all  the  varied  elFecl 
of  contrast  and  rcsemldaiice.  His  remarks  on 
Lower  Kgyjjt,  lr>d  that  country  been  less  gener- 
ally known,  might  have  ranked  with  the  most 
valuable  of  geographical  records.  They  greatly 
heightened  the  ojjinion  which  his  em])loyers  al- 
ready entertained  of  his  singular  qualilications  for 
the  task  which  he  had  undertaken.  Nor  was  his 
residence  at  Cairo  altogether  useless  to  the  asso- 
ciation. 15y  visiting  the  slave  markets,  and  by 
conversing  with  Jelabs,  or  travelling  merchants 
of  the  caravans,  he  obtained  without  any  expense 
a  better  idea  of  the  jieople  of  Africa,  of  its  trade, 
of  its  gcogra])hy,  and  of  the  most  jirudent  man- 
ner of  travelling,  than  he  could  by  any  other 
means  liave  actpiired  ;  and  tlic  communications 
on  these  suiyccts,  which  he  transmitted  to  Kug- 
hnd,  interesting  and  instructive  as  they  were, 
atibrded  the  society  the  most  gratifying  ])roofs  of 
the  ardent  s])irit  of  incpiiry,  the  unwearied  atten- 
tion, the  persevering  research,  and  the  laborious, 
indel'atigable,  anxious  zeal,  with  which  their  au- 
thor pursued  the  object  of  his  mission. 

He  had  announced  to  his  emjiloyers,  that  ho 
had  received  letters  of  earnest  recommendation 
from  the  Aga ;  that  the  day  of  his  de])arture  was 
appointed ;  that  his  next  disjjatch  would  be  dated 
from  Sennaar  ;  and  the  committee  expected  with 
imi)atience  the  result  of  his  journey.  But  that 
journey  was  never  to  l)e  ])erformed.  The  vexa- 
tion, occasioned  by  rcj)eated  delays  in  the  de- 
parture of  the  caravan,  brought  on  a  bilious  com- 
plaint, which,  being  increased  at  first  by  incautious 
treatment,  baflled  the  skill  of  the  most  approved 
physicians  of  Cairo,  and  terminated  his  earthly 
existence. 

The  society  heard  witli  deej)  concern  of  the 
death  of  a  man,  whose  high  sense  of  honor,  mag- 
nanimous coutemiit  of  danger,  and  earnest  zeal 
for  the  extension  of  knowledge  had  been  so  con- 
spicuously disj)layed  in  their  service;  whose  ardor, 
teni])ered  by  calm  deliberation,  whose  daring 
R])irlt,  seconded  by  the  most  jirudent  caution,  and 
whose  imjiatience  of  control,  united  with  the 
power  of  supjiorting  any  fatigue,  seemed  to  have 
qualified  him  above  all  other  men,  for  the  very 
arduous  task  of  traversing  the  widest  and  most  dan- 
gerous part  of  the  continent  of  Africa.  Desjiising 
the  accidental  distinctions  of  society,  he  seemed  to 
regard  no  man  as  his  sujierior ;  but  his  manners, 
though  unpolished,  were  not  disagreeable.  His 
uncultivated  genius  was  jieculiar  and  capacious. 
The  liardshiiis  to  which  he  submitted,  in  the  jiros- 
ecution  of  his  enterprises  and  hi  the  indulgence 
of  his  curiosity,  are  almost  incredible.  He  was 
sometimes  glad  to  receive  food  as  in  charity  to  a 
madman,  for  that  character  he  had  assumed  in  or- 


der to  avoid  a  heavier  calamity.  IHs  judgment  of 
the  female  character  is  very  honorable  to  the  sex. 
"  I  have  always  remarked,"  said  he,  "  that  women 
in  all  countrien  arc  civil  and  obliging,  tender  and 
humane ;  that  they  are  ever  inclined  to  be  gay 
and  cheerful,  timorous  and  modest;  and  they  do 
not  hesitate,  like  men,  to  perform  a  generous  ac- 
tion. Not  liauglity,  not  arrogant,  not  siijiercil- 
ious,  they  are  full  of  courtesy,  and  fond  of  societv; 
more  liable  in  general  to  err  than  man,  but  in 
general  also  more  virtuous,  and  iierforming  more 
good  actions  than  he.  To  a  woman,  whether 
civilized  or  savage,  I  never  addressed  myself  in 
the  language  of  decency  and  friendslii]),  without 
receiving  a  decent  and  friendly  answer.  With 
man  it  lias  often  been  otherwise.  In  wandering 
over  the  barren  jilains  of  inhospitable  Denmark, 
through  honest  Sweden,  and  frozen  I.aiiland,  rude 
and  churlish  l'"inland,  unjirincijiled  lliissia,  and 
the  widespread  regions  of  the  wandering  Tartar ; 
if  hungry,  dry,  cold,  wet,  or  sick,  the  women  have 
ever  been  friendly  to  me,  and  uniformly  so.  And 
to  add  to  this  virtue,  so  worthy  the  apjiellation  of 
benevolence,  their  actions  have  lieen  jierformed  in 
so  free  and  kind  a  manner,  that,  if  I  was  dry,  I 
drank  the  sweetest  draught,  and  if  hungry,  I  ate 
the  coarsest  morsel,  with  a  double  relish." 

Besides  his  communication  to  the  African  asso- 
ciation, he  published  an  aceuunt  of  Cook's  voyage 
in  1781.  Several  of  his  manuscri))ts  were  a  few 
years  ago  in  the  hands  of  his  brother.  Dr.  Isaac 
Ledyard,  health  ofliccr  of  the  city  of  New  York. 
His  life  by  J.  Sjiarks  was  juiblished  in  18L'8. 

LEDYAItl),  colonel,  commanded  in  1781  fort 
Griswold  iiiGroton,  Conn.,  on  llieThames,exactlv 
ojiposite  to  New  London,  when,  Sept.  7,  he  was 
attacked  by  Col.  I'.yre  with  a  large  force.  With 
one  hundred  and  fifty  men  he  fought  bravelv; 
Col.  Eyre  and  Maj.  Montgomery  being  killed, 
the  command  of  the  British  devolved  on  Maj. 
Broomfield.  AVhen  the  fort  was  carried  by  assault 
with  the  bayonet,  Broomfield  inquired,  who  com- 
manded. Ledyard  rejilied:  "I  did  command, 
sir,  but  you  do  now ;  "  and  presented  to  him  his 
sword.  The  ferocious  ofliccr  instantly  run  him 
through  the  body  ;  and  between  sixty  and  seventy 
Americans  were  sliiughtered,  after  they  had  sur- 
rendered. The  whole  American  loss  was  sovent\- 
tliree  killed ;  about  thirty  wounded  ;  and  aliout 
forty  talicn  jirisoners.  The  British  loss  was 
forty-eight  killed,  one  hundred  and  forty-thno 
wounded.  On  the  other  side  of  the  river  Arnold 
burned  New  London.  Col.  Ledyard  was  a  brave, 
sensible,  jiolished,  noble-minded  citizen.  He  fell 
by  the  hand  of  a  brutal  assassin.  His  widow 
Ann  married  A.  Hodge,  and  died  at  Philadeljiliia 
Nov.  8,  1818,  aged  nearly  91.  —  Dwiijht,  It.  iVJo. 

LEE,  S.VMUKI,,  first  minister  of  Bristol,  ]{.  L, 
died  in  1(501,  aged  CG.  He  was  born  in  London 
in  IG25,  and  was  the  son  of  Samuol  L.,  an  cmi- 


LEE. 

rcnl  and  wealthy  citizen,  whose  estate  ho  inher- 
ited.    At  tlie   aj<c   of   fifteen   he   went  for  his 
education  to  Oxford,  where  he  was  admitted  to 
tiie  deforce  of  master  of  arts  in  1018.     lie  was 
sonii  settled  in  a  fellowship  in  Waldliam  college, 
and  in  Idol  was  apijointed  a  proctor  of  the  uni- 
versity,    lie  was  afterwards  preferred  i)y  Crom- 
well to  a  church  near  Uishopsgate  in  London,  but 
was  ejected  in  1GG2.     lie  was  then  a  lecturer  of 
Great  St.  Helen's  church  in  London.    Aft'.'r  the 
restoration  he  was  not  silenced  for  nonconformity, 
for  he  had  no  jjreferment  to  lose ;  but  he  lived 
for  some  time  in  Oxfordshire,  occasionally  jjreach- 
ing.    In  1G78  he  removed  to  Newington-green, 
near  London,  where  hc^.as  for  several  years  min- 
ister of  an   Indejjendent  church.     His   learncu 
tutor.  Bishop  Willdns,  adused   liim  to  enter  the 
established  church ;  but  his  views  of  truth  and 
duty  would  not  suffer  him  to  do  it.    Being  appre- 
hensive that  the  rights  of  conscience  would  soon 
be  further  invaded  by  the  return  of  Popery,  he  in 
June,    1(580,    removed    to    New    England,   and 
preached  in  the  town  of  Bristol.     When  a  church 
was  formed  May  8,  1687,  he  was  chosen  minister. 
After  the  llevolution  in  his  native  country,  he 
was  eagerly  desirous  of  returning.     Just  before 
he  sailed  in  1691,  he  told  his  wile  that  he  had 
viewed  a  star,  which,  according  to  the  rules  of  as- 
trology, presaged  captivity.    He  was  accordingly 
captured  by  a  French  privateer,  and  carried  into 
St,  Maloe,  in  France,  where  he  died  about  the 
time  of  Christmas,  and  was  buried  without  the 
city  as  a  heretic,    lie  was  a  very  learned  man, 
who  spoke  Latin  with  elegance,  was  a  master  of 
physic  and  chiimistry,  and  well  versed  in  all  the 
liberal  arts  and  sciences.    He  had  studied  the  as- 
trological art,  but,  disapproWng  of  it,  he  burned 
a  hundred  books,  which  related  to  the  subject. 
Tliough  a  conscientious  nonconformist,  he   jios- 
sessed  a  caiholie,  liberal  sj)irit.     His  learning  was 
united  with  charity,  and  the  poor  were  often  re- 
lieved by  his  bounty.     In  a  manuscript  treatise 
on  llev.  XI.,  he  expressed  Iiis  belief  that  the  pe- 
riod of  1260  years  would  end  between  1710  and 
1736,  and  that  the  broad  wings  of  the  eagle  mean 
the  eastern  and  western  .,mpires.     He  jjublished 
Chronicon  Cestrense,  an  exact  chronology  of  all 
the  rulers  of  Cheshire  and  Chester,  in  church  and 
state,  from  the  foundation  of  the  city,  10 j6 ;  or- 
bis  niiraculum,  or  the  temple  of  Solomon   por- 
trayed by  scripture  light,  folio,  lOuO;  this  was 
printed  at  the  charge  of  the  university ;  de  e.\- 
cidio  antiehristi,  folio,  1609;  a  sermon   on  the 
means  to  be  used  for  the  conversion  of  carnal  re- 
lations, 1061 ;  contemi)lations  on  mortality,  8vo., 
1069)  a  sermon  on  secret  ])rayer,  1074;  ths  vis- 
ibility of  the  true  church,  IQ'6 ;  the  lriunii)h  of 
mercy  in  the  chariot  of  jiraise,  u  discourse  of 
secret  and  preventing   mercies,  1677 ;  two  dis- 
courses on  the  mournful  state  of  the  church,  with 
6& 


LEE. 


513 


a  prospect  of  her  dawning  glory,  1G79  ;  a  disser- 
tation on  tlio  ancient  and  successive  state  of  the 
Jews,  with  Scripture  evidence  of  their  future  con- 
Ycrsion  and  establishment  in  their  own  land, 
l(i79;  this  is  ])rinted  with  Fletcher's  Israel  redux; 
the  joy  of  faith,  1089 ;  answer  to  many  queries 
relative  to  America,  as  to  its  natural  productions, 
diseases,  etc.,  1000  j  the  great  day  of  judgment, 
preached  before  a  court  at  Bristol,  1G95.  He 
ill  u  wrote  a  preface  to  John  Howe's  Immanucl, 
with  his  life.  His  triumj)!!  of  mercy  was  much 
read  in  New  England;  Judge  Davis  says,  it  is 
now,  with  his  other  works,  "lost  in  oblinon." 
But  I  have  a  co])y  in  my  jjossession,  printed  at 
Boston,  1718;  also  a  co])y  of  liis  contemplations 
on  mortality.  They  display  learning  and  genius. 
—  Wuod'xAlh.  Oxo)ticHiicx,u.SS'2,SS3;  Calamy's 
Konconformists' Memorial,  I.  104;  Mather,  III. 
22;j ;  Accvunt  of  origin  of  Bristol ;  Sprague'a 
Annals. 

LEE,  Charles,  a  major-general  in  the  army  of 
the  United  States,  died  Oct.  2,  1782.     He  was 
born  in  Wales,  and  was  the  son  of  John  Lee,  a 
colonel  in  the  British  service.     He  entered  the 
army  at  a  very  early  age ;  but,  though  he  pos- 
sessed a  military  spirit,  he  was  ardent  in  the  pur- 
suit of  knowledge.    He  acquired  a  competent 
skill  in  Greek  and  Latin,  while  his  fondness  for 
travelling  made  him  acquainted  with  the  Italian, 
Spanisli,  German,  and    French  languages.    In 
1700  he  came  to  America,  and  was  engaged  in 
the  attack  upon  Ticonderoga  in  July,  1708,  when 
Abercrombie  was  defeated.     In   1702  ho  bore  a 
colonel's  commission,  and  served  under  Burgoyne 
in  Portugal,  where  he  much  distinguished  him- 
self.    Not  long   afterwards  he  entered  into  the 
Polish  service.    Though  he  was  absent  when  the 
stamp  act  passed,  he  yet  by  his  letters  zealously 
supjiorted  the  cause  of  America.    In  the  years 
1771, 1772,  and  1773,  he  rambled  overall  Europe, 
During  this  excursion  he  was  engaged  with  on 
officer  in  Italy  in  an  afl'air  of  honor,  and  he  mur- 
dered his  antagonist,  escajjing  himself  with  the 
loss  of  two  fingers.    Having  lost  the  favor  of  the 
ministry  and  tlie  hopes  of  ])romotion  in  conse- 
quence of  his   political  sentiments,  he   came  to 
America  in  Nov.,  1773.    He  travelled  through 
the  country,  animating  the  colonies  to  resistance. 
In  1774  he  was  induced,  by  the  persuasion  of  his 
friend.  General  Gates,  to   purcliasc  a  valuable 
tract  of  land  of  two  or  three  thousand  acres  in 
Berkeley  county,  Va.    Here  he  resided  till  the 
following  yenr,  when  he  resigned  a  commission 
whicli  he  held  in  the  British  service,  and  accejrted 
a  connnission    from  congress,  a])])ointing    liim 
major-general.     He  accom])anied  Washington  to 
the  camp  at  Cambridge,  where  he  arrived  July  2, 
1775,  and  was  received  with  every  mark  of  re- 
spect.   In  the  beginning  of  the  following  year  he 
I  was  dispatched  to  New  York  to  prevent  the 


514 


LEE. 


LEE. 


Ml:^'!i!l 


British  from  obtaining  possession  of  the  city  and 
the  Hudson.  This  trust  he  executed  with  great 
wisdom  and  energy.  ]Ie  disarmed  all  suspicious 
persons  on  Long  Island,  and  drew  up  a  test  to  ho 
offered  to  every  one  wiiose  attacliment  to  the 
American  cause  was  doul)ted.  His  bold  measures 
carried  terror  wherever  he  appeared.  He  seems 
to  have  been  very  fond  of  this  ap])lication  of  a 
test ;  for,  in  a  letter  to  the  jiresident  of  congress, 
he  informs  him  that  he  had  taken  the  liberty  at 
Newport  to  administer  to  a  numl)er  of  the  tories 
a  very  strong  oath,  one  article  of  which  was,  that 
they  should  take  arms  in  defence  of  their  country, 
if  called  upon  by  congress ;  and  he  recommends 
that  this  measure  should  be  adopted  in  reference 
to  all  the  tories  in  America.  Those  fanatics  who 
might  refuse  to  take  it,  he  thought,  should  be  car- 
ried into  the  interior.  Being  sent  into  the  south- 
em  colonies,  as  commander  of  all  the  forces 
which  should  there  be  raised,  he  diffused  an  ardor 
among  the  soldiers  which  was  attended  by  tlie 
most  salutary  consequences.  In  October,  by  the 
direction  of  congress,  he  rei)aircd  to  the  northern 
army.  As  he  was  marcliing  from  the  Hudson 
through  New  Jersey,  to  form  a  j  miction  with 
Washington  in  Pennsylvania,  he  quitted  his  camp 
in  Morris  county  to  reconnoitre.  In  this  em- 
ployment he  went  to  the  distance  of  three  miles 
from  the  camp,  and  entered  a  house  for  breakfast. 
A  British  colonel  became  acquainted  with  liis  sit- 
uation by  intercepting  a  countryman,  charged 
with  a  letter  from  him,  and  was  enabled  to  take 
him  prisoner.  He  was  instantly  mounted  on  a 
horse,  without  his  cloak  and  hat,  and  carried 
safely  to  New  York.  lie  was  detained  till  April 
or  May,  1778,  when  he  was  exchanged  for  Gen- 
eral Prescott,  taken  at  Newport.  Ho  was  very 
soon  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Monmouth.  Being 
detached  by  the  commander-in-chief  to  make  an 
attack  upon  the  rear  of  the  enemy,  Washington 
was  pressing  forward  to  support  him,  June  28th, 
when,  to  his  astonishment,  he  found  him  retreat- 
ing without  having  made  a  single  effort  to  main- 
tain his  ground.  Meeting  him  in  these  circum- 
stances, without  any  previous  notice  of  liis  plans, 
Washington  addressed  him  in  terms  of  some 
warmth.  Lee,  being  ordered  to  check  the  enemy, 
conducted  himself  with  his  usual  bravery,  and, 
when  forced  from  the  ground,  on  which  he  had 
bf  en  placed,  brought  off  his  troops  in  good  order. 
But  Ilia  haughty  temper  could  not  brook  the  in- 
dignity which  he  believed  to  have  been  offered 
him  on  the  field  of  battle,  and  he  addressed  a 
letter  to  Washington,  requiring  reparation  for  the 
injury.  He  was  on  the  30th  arrested  for  disobe- 
dience of  orders,  for  misbehavior  before  the  en- 
emy, and  for  disresjiect  to  the  commander-in-chief. 
Of  these  charges  he  was  found  guilty  by  a  court 
martial,  at  which  Lord  Stirhng  presided,  and  he 


was  sentenced  to  be  suspended  for  one  year. 
He  defended  himself  with  his  accustomed  ability, 
and  his  retreat  seems  to  be  justified  from  the  cir- 
cumstance of  his  having  advanced  upon  an  enemy 
whose  strength  was  much  greater  than  was  aii- 
prehended,  and  from  his  being  in  a  situation, 
with  a  morass  in  his  rear,  which  would  preclude 
him  from  a  retreat,  if  the  British  should  have 
proved  victorious.  But  his  disrespectful  letters  to 
the  commander-in-chief  it  is  not  easy  to  justify. 
His  susj)ension  gave  general  satisfaction  to  the 
army,  for  he  was  suspected  of  aiming  himself  at 
the  supreme  command.  After  the  result  of  his 
trial  was  confirmed  by  congress,  in  Jan.,  1780,  he 
retired  to  his  estate  in  Berkeley  county,  where  ho 
lived  in  a  style  peculiar  to  himself.  Glass  win- 
dows and  plaster  would  have  been  extravagances 
in  his  house.  Though  he  had  for  his  comjian- 
ions  a  few  select  authors  and  his  dogs,  yet,  as  he 
found  liis  situation  too  solitary  and  irksome,  he 
sold  his  farm  in  the  fall  of  1782,  that  in  a  differ- 
ent abode  he  might  enjoy  the  conversation  of 
mankind.  He  went  to  Philadelphia,  and  took 
lodgings  in  an  inn.  After  being  three  or  four 
days  in  the  city  he  was  seized  with  a  fever,  which 
terminated  his  life.  The  last  words  which  he  ut- 
tered were  :  "  Stand  by  me,  my  brave  grenadiers." 

In  his  person  Gen.  Lee  was  rather  above  the 
middle  size,  and  his  remarkable  aquiline  nose 
rendered  his  face  somewhat  disagreeable.  He 
was  master  of  a  most  genteel  address,  but  was 
rude  in  his  manners  and  excessively  negligent  in 
his  a])pearance  and  behavior.  His  a])petite  was 
so  whimsical,  that  he  was  everywhere  a  most 
troublesome  guest.  Two  or  three  dogs  usually 
followed  liim  wherever  he  went.  As  an  officer 
he  was  brave  and  able,  and  did  much  towards 
disciplining  the  American  army.  With  vigorous 
powers  of  mind  and  a  brilliant  fancy,  he  was  a 
correct  and  elegant  classical  scholar,  and  he  both 
wrote  and  spoke  his  native  language  with  jjrojui- 
ety,  force,  and  beauty.  His  temper  was  severe. 
The  history  of  his  life  is  little  else  than  the  his- 
tory of  disputes,  quarrels,  and  duels  in  every  part 
of  the  world.  He  was  vindictive,  avaricious, 
immoral,  impious,  and  profane.  His  jirinciples, 
as  would  be  cxjiected  from  his  character,  were 
most  abandoned,  and  he  ridiculed  every  tenet  of 
religion.  He  published  about  the  year  1760  a 
pamphlet  on  the  importance  of  retaining  Can- 
ada. After  his  death,  memoirs  of  his  life,  with 
his  essays  and  letters,  were  published,  12mo., 
1792.  —  Lca^s  Memoirs. 

LEE,  RiciLVRD  Henry,  president  of  congress, 
died  Juno  19,  1794,  aged  62.  He  was  a  native 
of  Virginia,  and  from  his  earliest  youth  devoted 
his  talents  to  the  service  of  his  country.  His 
father  was  Thomas  Lee  of  Stratford,  West- 
moreland   county,  and   in    1749    president  of 


>'■ 


LEE. 


LEE. 


515 


m 


the  council,  who  died  in  IT.jO,  lca\nn<»  six  sons, 
all  of  whom   were  men   of  distinction ;   I'liilij) 
LiidwL'lI,  a  member  of  the  council,  Tiionias  I,ud- 
well,  a  membei-  of  the  assembly,  Richard  Henry, 
Francis  Li^;litfoot,  William,  and  Arthur,     liicli- 
ard  Henry  was  born  Jan.  20,  17H2.    He  was  edu- 
cated in  a  school  at  AVakefield,  Yorkshire,  V^vr- 
land.     He  had  a  scat  in  the  house  of  buri,'esses 
in  ITj"  ;  but  it  was  only  after  several  years,  that 
he  was  able  to  surmount  his  natural  dididence. 
His  ])nblic  life  was  distinfjuishcd  by  some  remark- 
able circumstances.     He  had  the  honor  of  origin- 
ating the  first  resistance  to  British  oppression  in 
the   time  of  the  stamp  act  in  17G5.     He  jiro- 
poscd  in  the  Virginia  house  of  burgesses  in  1773, 
the  formation  of  a  committee  of  correspondence, 
whose  object  was  to  disseminate  information,  and 
to  kindle  the  flame  of  liberty  throughout  the  con- 
tinent.   He  was  a  member  of  the  first  congress,  in 
1774,  and  in  October  prepared  the  draft  of  the  me- 
morial to  the  people  of  British  America,  ordered 
by  congress.     He  also  made  and  ably  supported 
the  Declaration  of  Independence  June  7,  1770. 
From  June  10th  till  Aug.,  ho  was  absent  from 
congress  on  account  of  the  sickness  of  his  family. 
The  second  eloquent  address  to  the  people  of 
Great  Britain  was  drawn  up  by  him  as  chairman 
of  the  committee.      After  the  adoption   of  the 
articles  of  the  confederation,  he  was  under  the 
necessity  of  withdrawing   from  congress,  as  no 
representative  was  allowed   to  continue  in  con- 
gress more  than  three  years  in  any  term  of  six 
years;  but  he  was  re-elected  in  1781,  and  con- 
tinued till  17S7.     It  was  in  Nov.,  1784,  that  he 
was   chosen  president  of  congresr.      When   the 
constitution  of  the  United  States  was  submitted 
to  the  consideration  of  the  public,  he  contended 
for    the  necessity  of  amendments  previously  to 
its  adojjtion.     After  the  government  was  organ- 
ized, he  and  Mr.  Grayson  was  chosen  the  first 
senators  from  Virginia  in  1789.    This  sti'tion  he 
held  till  his  resignation  in  1792,  when  John  Tay- 
lor was  appointed  in  his  place.    Mr.  Lee  died  at 
his  seat  at  Chantilly  in  Westmoreland  county, 
Va.    By  two  marriages  he  left  many  children. 
He  supported  through  life  the  character  of  a  phi- 
losopher, a  patriot,  and  a  sage;  and  he  died  as 
he  had  lived,   blessing  his   country.     A   letter 
which  he  wrote  against  Deane  is  ])ublished  in 
the  Vir;;inia  Gazette  of  Jan.  1,  and  the  Indepen- 
dent Chronicle  of  Feb.  11,  1779,  and  a  letter  to 
Gov.  Kandol])h  rcsj)ecting  the  constitution  in  the 
American  museum.      He   is   KU])])osed  to   have 
been  the  author  of  observations  leading  to  a  fiiir 
examination  of  the  system  of  government,  pro- 
posed by  the  late  convention,  in  letters  from  the 
Federal  Farmer  to  the  Kejiublican,  1787.    His 
life,  with  his  corresjiondence,  was  pul)lished  by 
II.  H.  Lee  in   2   vols.,  Svo.,  \H'2r).—  (l(izcttc  of 
Untied  States,  July  8,  1794;  Marshall,  II.  180- 


isn,  209,  402,  409;  Gordon,  II.  274;  Wurrai, 
I.  ;3()0 ;  I/iiliiics'  Aiiiiiih,  11.  401;  Aiiiericun 
Miindim,  II.  i)')[i-,')M ;  •Idij's  Memoirs,  II.  382. 

LllF,  I'liA.NCls  I.iGiiTioor,  a  staiesman  of 
Virginia,  iirother  of  the  jjreceding,  died  in  Ajiril, 
1797,  aged  02.  He  was  born  Oct.  14,  1734. 
He  was  educated  under  the  care  of  Mr.  Craig,  a 
domestic  tutor.  The  estate,  becjueatlicd  him  by 
bis  father,  was  in  the  county  of  Lou  '.^uii,  iioui 
wliich  county  he  was  a  nieml)cr  of  the  house  of 
burgesses  in  170.3.  In  1772,  having  married  the 
daughter  of  Col.  John  Tayloe  of  Uichmond,  he 
removed  to  that  county.  In  177j  the  convention 
of  Virginia  elected  him  a  member  of  congress,  in 
which  body  he  continued  till  the  sjiring  of  1779. 
He  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Heclaration  of 
Independence.  Though  he  seldom  took  ])art 
in  the  public  discussions,  his  patriotic  spirit  was 
not  less  determined  than  *hat  of  his  brother, 
Kichard  Henry  Lee.  Aftei  being  called  again 
to  the  legislature  of  Virginia,  he  withdrew  from 
public  life  for  the  quietness  of  domestic  retire- 
ment. In  liis  disposition  he  was  benevolent ; 
his  manners  were  courteous;  and  in  his  inter- 
course with  his  friends  he  was  uncommonly  inter- 
esting and  instructive.  At  the  apjiroach  of  death 
the  gospel  gave  him  consolation  and  ho])e.  He 
died  of  the  jjleurisy,  and  his  wife  in  a  few  days 
afterwards  died  of  the  same  disease. 

LEE,  William,  brother  of  the  jireceding,  was 
born  about  1737,  and  was  sent  to  London  before 
the  Kevolution  as  the  agent  of  Virginia.  Being  a 
zealous  whig,  and  a  favorite  of  the  hvcry  of  Lon- 
don, he  was  elected  one  of  the  sheriffs  in  1773. 
IJuring  the  llevolution  he  was  the  agent  of  con- 
gress at  Vienna  and  Berlin. 

LEE,  Artiiuk,  ^I.  I).,  minister  of  the  United 
States  to  the  court  of  Versailles,  the  youngest 
brother  of  the  preceding,  died  Dec.  14, 1782,  aged 
nearly  42.  He  was  born  in  Virginia  Dec.  20, 
1740.  He  was  educated  at  the  university  of 
Edinburgh,  where  he  also  pursued  for  some  time 
the  study  of  medicine.  On  his  return  to  tliis 
country  he  practised  physic  four  or  five  years  in 
Williamsburg.  He  then  went  to  London  about 
1700,  and  commenced  the  study  of  the  law  in  the 
Temple.  At  this  time  he  became  the  intimate 
friend  of  Sir  William  Jones.  During  his  resi- 
dence in  England  he  kept  his  eye  upon  the  meas- 
ures of  government,  and  rendered  the  most  im- 
j)ortant  services  to  his  country  by  sending  to 
America  the  earliest  intelligence  of  the  plans  of 
the  ministry.  When  the  instructions  of  Gov. 
Bernard  were  sent  over,  ho  at  the  same  time  com- 
municated information  to  the  town  of  Boston, 
resjiecting  the  nature  of  them.  In  1709  he  wrote 
his  Monitor's  letters  in  vindication  of  the  colonial 
rights.  I'rom  1770  to  1770  he  enjoyed  a  lucra- 
tive i)raclice  of  law.  At  this  period  he  wrote  a 
series  of  letters,  under  the  signature  of  Junius 


516 


LEE. 


LEE. 


AmericanuB,  which  were  much  celebrated.  In 
1775  he  was  in  London  as  the  agent  of  Virginia, 
and  he  presented,  in  August,  the  second  jjetition 
of  congress  to  the  king,  AH  his  exertions  were 
now  directed  to  the  good  of  liis  country.  When 
Mr.  Jefferson  declined  the  apjiointmcnt  of  a  min- 
ister to  France,  Dr.  Lee  was  aj)pointed  ia  his 
place,  and  he  joined  his  colleagues.  Dr.  Franklin 
and  Mr.  Deane,  at  Paris,  in  Dec,  1770.  He  as- 
si'  *ud  in  negotiating  iho  treaty  with  France.  Li 
'  ;  he  and  Mr.  Adams,  who  had  tal^en  the 
jiaci;  of  Deane,  were  recalled,  and  Dr.  Franklin 
was  appointed  sole  minister  to  France.  His  re- 
turn had  been  rendered  necessary  by  the  mali- 
cious accusations  with  which  Deane  had  assailed 
his  public  conduct.  In  the  j)receding  year, 
Deane  had  left  I'aris,  agreeably  to  an  order  of 
congress,  and  come  to  this  country  in  the  same 
ship  with  the  French  minister,  Gerard.  Oti  his 
arrival,  as  many  suspicions  hovered  around  him, 
he  thought  it  necessary  to  re  ~l  them  by  attack- 
ing the  character  of  his  colleague.  Dr.  Lee.  In 
an  inflammatory  address  to  the  public  he  vilified 
him  in  the  grossest  terms,  charging  him  with  ob- 
structing the  alliance  with  France,  and  disclosing 
the  secrets  of  congrets  to  British  noblemen.  He 
at  the  same  time  impeached  the  conduct  of  his 
brother,  William  Lee,  agent  for  congress  at  the 
courts  of  Vienna  and  Berlin.  Dr.  Lee  also  was 
not  on  very  good  terms  with  Dr.  Franklin,  whom 
he  believed  to  be  too  much  under  the  influence 
of  the  French  court.  Firm  in  his  attachment 
to  the  interests  of  his  country,  honest,  zealous,  he 
was  inclined  to  question  the  correctness  of  all  the 
commercial  transactions  in  which  the  philoso- 
pher had  been  engaged.  These  dissensions  among 
the  ministers  produced  corresponding  divisions  in 
congress,  and  Monsieur  Gerard  had  so  little  re- 
spect to  the  dignity  of  an  ambassador,  as  to  be- 
come a  zealous  partizan  of  Deane.  Dr.  Lee  had 
many  friends  in  congress,  but  Dr.  Franklin  had 
more.  When  the  former  returned  to  America 
in  1780,  such  was  his  integrity  that  he  did  not 
find  it  difficult  to  reinstate  himself  fully  in  the 
good  opinion  of  the  pubUc.  In  1784  he  was  ap- 
pointed one  of  the  commissioners  for  holding  a 
treaty  with  the  Indians  of  the  Six  Nations.  He 
accordingly  went  to  fort  Schuyler  and  executed 
this  trust  in  a  manner  which  did  him  much  honor. 
In  Feb.,  1790,  he  was  admitted  a  counsellor  of 
the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States  by  a 
special  order.  Having  purchased  a  farm  in  the 
county  of  Middlesex,  near  Urbana,  on  the  banks 
of  the  Rappahannock,  while  assisting  in  planting 
an  orchard  he  exposed  himself  in  a  cold  and  rainy 
day,  in  consequence  of  which  he  died  of  the  pleurisy. 
He  was  never  married.  He  was  a  distinguished 
scholar-  being  well  skilled  not  only  in  the  Greek 
and  Latin,  but  also  in  the  French,  Spanish,  and 
Italian  languages.    lie  was  a  man  of  uniform 


patriotism,  of  a  sound  understanding,  of  great 
jirobity,  of  plain  manners,  and  strong  passions. 
i)unng  his  residence  for  a  number  of  years  in 
England  he  was  indefatigalilc  in  liis  exertions  to 
promote  the  interests  of  his  country.  Besides  the 
Monitor's  letters,  written  in  1709,  and  the  letters 
of  Junius  Americanus,  he  wrote  an  appeal  to  the 
English  nation ;  he  also  i)ublit*hcd  extracts  from 
a  letter  to  the  president  of  congress,  in  answer  to 
a  libel  by  Silas  Deane,  1780;  and  observations 
on  certain  commercial  transactions  in  France, 
laid  before  congress,  1780.  His  life  by  11.  H. 
Lee  was  published  in  2  vols.,  Svo.,  1829.  This 
work  contains  many  of  his  letters.  His  public 
letters  are  published  in  Sparks'  diplomatic  cor- 
respondence. 

LEE,  Ann,  founder  of  the  sect  of  Shakers  in 
America,  died  Sept.  8, 1 784.  She  was  bom  in  Man- 
chester, England,  about  1730,  and  was  the  daugh- 
ter of  a  blacksmith,  who  lived  in  Toad  lane.  Her 
trade  was  that  of  a  cutter  of  hatter's  fur.  Not 
bemg  instructed  in  what  she  afterwards  taught 
was  the  way  of  rectitude,  she  committed  the  sin 
of  marrying  Abraham  Standley,  a  blacksmith,  who 
lived  in  her  father's  house.  Her  four  children 
died  in  infancy.  At  the  age  of  twenty-two,  about 
1758,  sho  became  a  con  /ert  to  James  Wadley, 
who  was  originally  a  Quaker,  but  who,  in  1747, 
imagining  that  he  had  supernatural  visions  and 
revelations,  established  the  sect,  called  Shakers, 
from  their  bodily  agitations.  Having  become  a 
member  of  this  society,  —  which  was  merely  a 
new  form  of  the  fanaticism  of  the  P'rench  proph- 
ets fifty  years  before,  —  she  passed  through  the 
exercises  of  the  sect.  In  her  fits,  as  she  clinched 
her  hands,  it  is  said  the  blood  flowed  thiough  the 
pores  of  her  skin.  Her  flesh  wasted  away,  and  in 
her  weakness  she  was  fed  like  an  infant.  Thus 
was  she  exercised  nine  years,  by  the  end  of  which 
time,  it  might  be  thoi'ght,  she  had  lost  her  reason. 
At  length,  about  1770,  she  made  the  discovery  of 
the  wickedness  of  marriage,  and  opened  her  tes- 
timony against  it.  She  called  herself  "  Ann,  the 
word,"  signifying,  that  in  her  dwelt  the  word,  and 
to  this  day  her  followers  say,  that  "  the  man  who 
was  called  Jesus,  and  the  woman  who  was  called 
Ann,  are  verily  the  two  first  pillars  of  the  church, 
the  two  anointed  ones,"  etc.  Soon  after  Mrs. 
Standley  began  her  testimony  against  "  the  root 
of  humon  depravity,"  her  exercises  induced  the 
people  of  Manchester  to  shut  her  up  in  a  mtid- 
house,  where  she  was  kept  several  weeks.  She 
came  to  America  in  the  ship  Maria,  Capt.  Smith, 
and  arrivea  it  New  York  in  May,  1774,  having  as 
her  cc/mpanions  her  brother,  Wm.  Lee,  Jnmes 
Whitoker,  John  Hocknell,  called  elders,  and  oth- 
ers. As  hei  husband's  name  is  not  mentioned, 
probably  he  was  left  behind.  During  the  voyage 
the  ship  sprung  a  leak,  and  she  and  the  elders, 
being  strong  and  lusty,  put  their  hands  to  the 


LEE. 

pumps,  and  the  ship  arrived  snfc ;  in  eonsequencp,  | 
ns  the  Shakers  say  in  their  i)ook,  of  their  "  power,  ] 
which  was  ahovc  the  natural  power  of  man."  In 
the  spring  of  177C,  she  went  to  Albany,  and 
thence  to  Niskeinia,  now  AVatcrvliet,  eight  miles 
from  Albany.  Here  she  and  her  followers  lived 
unknown  a  few  years,  holding  their  meetings  ns 
usual. 

But  in  the  beginning  of  1780,  when  there  was 
nn  unusual  religious  commotion,  principally  among 
the  Baptists  in  New  Lebanon  and  some  adjacent 
towns,  in  the  midst  of  the  wildness  and  extrav- 
ngauce  of  fanatacism  some  account  of  the  elect 
lady  reached  the  bewildered  enthusiasts.     Imme- 
diately the  road  to  Niskcuna  was  crowded  with 
deluded  beings  in   quest  of  greater  delusions. 
The  mother  received  them  with  many  smiles,  and 
told  them  she  knew  of  their  coming  before ;  de- 
clared herself  to  be  the  woman  clothed  with  the 
sun,  mentioned  in  the  twelfth  chapter  of  the  rev- 
elation;   claimed   the  power  of  ministering  the 
Holy  Spirit  to  whom  she  pleased ;  asserted  that 
she  was  daily  judging  the  dead  of  all  nations, 
who  came  to  her  for  that  purpose ;  and  that  no 
favor  could  be  shown  to  any  person  but  through 
the  confession  of  their  sins  unto  her.    These  im- 
pious pretensions,  enforced  upon  persons,  some 
of  whom  were  already  bereft  of  reason,  by  the 
magical  charms  of  wry  looks,  odd  postures,  whim- 
sical gestures,  unintelligible  mutterings,  alternate 
groans  and  laughter,  and  the  solemn  ceremony 
of  hopping,  dancing,  and  whirling,  completed  the 
work  of  converting  rational  beings  into  idiots, 
and  brought  her  in  a  fine  harvest  of  deluded  fol- 
lowers.    One  of  these  was  Valentine  Ilathbun, 
a  Baptist  minister ;  who,  however,  in  about  three 
months  recovered  his  senses,  and  published  a 
pamphlet  against  •  the  imposture.    He  says,  that 
there  attended  this  infatuation  an  inexplicable 
agency  upon  the  body,  to  which  he  himself  was 
subjected,  that  affected  the  nerves  suddenly  and 
forcibly,  like  the  electric  fluid,  and  was  followed 
by  tremblings  and  the  complete  deprivation  of 
strength.     When  the  good  mother  had  some- 
what established  her  authority  with  her  new  dis- 
ciples, she  warned  them  of  the  great  sin  of  fol- 
lowing the  vain  customs  of  the  world,  and  having 
fleeced  them  of  their  ear-rings,  necklaces,  buckles, 
and  every  thing  which  might  nourish  pride,  and 
ha\ing  cut  off  their  hair  close  by  their  ears,  she 
admitted  them  into  her  church.    Thus  metamor- 
phosed, they  were  ashamed  to  be  seen  by  their 
old  acquaintance,  and  would  be  induced  to  con- 
tinue Shakers  to   save  themselves  from  further 
humiliation.    The  impostor  asserted,  that  she  was 
not  liable  to  the  assaults  of  death,  and  that,  when 
she  left  thif.  world,  she  should  ascend  in  the 
twinkling  of  an  eye  to  heaven.    But,  unhappily 
for  her  claims,  she  was  not  exempted  from  the 
same  event  which  befalls  beasts,  and  her  bones 


LEE.  git 

are  mouldering  in  the  vIIp  ground.     She  died  at 
Watcrvlict.      Alli'r    iicr  dciith  .Tames  Whitakcr 
was  head  man;  and  alter  his  death  in  17H7,  Elder 
Josej)!!  Meachani  and  Lucy  Wri(,'lit,  a  native  of 
Pitfsfield,  Mass.,  stood  in  the  "  si)iritual  relation 
of  a  joint  parentage"  to   the   society;    and  on 
Meaeham's  death  in   1 700,  Lucy  Wright,  nit  she 
chose   to  be   called,  though    her   liusbnnd,  Mr, 
Goodrich,  was  still  living,  stood  to   the  Shakers 
"in  the  order  of  the  first  mother  of  their  redemp- 
tion."   There  are  now  several  societies  in  differ- 
ent parts  of  our  country.     Rejecting  the  ordi- 
nances whitli  Jesus  Christ  most  exj)ressly  enjoined,, 
and  substituting  revelations  and  impressions  upon 
their  minds,  in  the  jilaco  of  the  consistent  and 
plain  instructions  of   Scrijjture,  they  are  to   be 
classed   with   tiiose,   who    choose   rather  to   be 
guided  by  their  own  reason  or  imaf^inntion,  than 
by  the  wisdom  of  God.     Of  the  art  of  Mother 
Ann,  an  instance  is  given  in  the  account  of  Col. 
John  Brown.    She  had  the  gift  of  speaking  in  an 
imknown  tongue.      An   honest  man,  who  was 
once  her  follower,  assured  me,  that  in  her  pres- 
ence he  once  uttered  many  unmeaning  words 
with  Latin  and  Dutch  terminations,  —  for  he  had 
studied  the  Latin  Grammar  and  knew  a  little  of 
the  Dutch,  —  and  asked  her  what  it  meant,  when 
she  replied,  that  "  He  was  talking  to  the  spirits, 
and  they  understood   his  language."    But,  he 
remarked,  he  knew  better  when  she  said  so,  for 
he  could  not  understand  it  himself.    Tho.  Brown, 
who  was  once  a  Shaker,  and  published  an  account 
of  the  Shakers  in  1812,  gives  the  following  speci- 
men of  one  of  his  miraculous  speeches :   "  Liero 
devo  jirankemango,  ad  silcabana,  durem  subramo 
devirante  diacerimango,  jasse  vah  pe  cri  cvaniga- 
lio;    de  vom  grom  seb  crinom,  os  vare  cremo 
domo."    Learned  inquirers  into  the  affinities  of 
spiritual  languages  and  unknown  tongues  may 
compare  this  precious  morsel  with  the  following, 
which  was  uttered  by  one  of  Mr.  Irving's  congre- 
gation in  London  in  1831 : 

"  nippo-gcrosto  hippo  booros  scnooto 
Foorimo  oorin  hoopo  tanto  noostln 
Noorastin  nlparos  bipanoa  bantos  boorin 
0  Pin'.tos  eleiustino  linUmuuKltos  dantitu 
Ilanipootine  furimi  ariatos  ekrampos 
Epoongos  vangnmi  bcroscsslno  tcrcaton 
Sa  tinootino  alinoosis  0  fiutos  sungor  0  fuston  sungor 
Kletantotl  crctino  menatl." 

As  to  the  moral  character  of  Mother  Ann,  Reu- 
ben Ilathbun,  who  was  once  a  Shaker,  testifies, 
thai  he  once  saw  her  come  to  hard  blows  with 
Wm.  Lee.  He  adds,  "  it  appears  to  me,  that  tho 
mother,  at  that  time,  was  very  much  overcome 
with  strong  liquor."  He  considered  her  also  as 
well  skilled  in  profane  and  indecent  language. 
But,  whatever  might  have  been  her  moral  deport- 
ment, it  is  one  of  the  dcjjlorable  facts,  of'  which 
the  history  of  the  world  is  full,  evincing  the  blind- 
ness and  depra\ity  of  man,  that  rational  beings 


618 


LEE. 


LEE. 


should  yield  their  minds  to  her  Masphemous  re- 
ligious pretensions.  —  A'cw  I'dik  Thcul.  M(i(j.  1. 
82  i  V.  Jliillilmii'.i  Hints ;  D.  It(it/ihiin\  Taylor's, 
West's  mid  lirown's  Acvuunt  af  S/inkcrs. 

LEE,  Jonathan,  first  minister  in  Salisbury, 
Conn.,  died  Oct.  10,  178H,  ufjcd  70.  lie  wns  the 
son  of  David  Lee  of  Coventry,  who  married  in 
1605  Lydia  Stronj.',  do' filter  of  .Icdidiah  Strong 
and  Freedom  AVoo(h-.ar(i,  and  grand-daughter  of 
Elder  John  Strong,  and  about  1709  removed  from 
Northampton  to  Coventry.  David  Lee's  jmrents 
were  John  Lee.  who  died  in  1G90,  and  *Mary 
Hart  '  irmington.  Mr.  Lee  was  born  in 
Ct  vc  Joout    1718;   was  graduated  at  Yale 

collcj  .  iH  1742  i  and,  having  studied  theology 
with  J[r.  WilUanis  of  Lebanon,  was  ordained 
Nov.  23,  1744.  The  church  of  Solisbury  was 
formed  on  the  ])rinciples  of  the  Cambridge  plat- 
forni ;  the  association  of  the  county,  adhering  to 
the  Saybrook  platform,  suspended  the  ministers 
who  ordained  Mr.  Lee, — Mr.  Humphreys  of 
Derby,  Mr.  Leavenworth  of  AVaterbury,  and  Mr. 
Todd  of  Northbury.  A  fierce  zeal  against  the 
zealous  Calvinistic  preachers  occasioned  this  and 
other  strange  proceedings  in  Connecticut,  which 
are  related  by  Dr.  Trumbull.  His  first  wife  was 
EUzabeth,  daughter  of  Rev.  Joseph  Metcalf  of 
Falmouth,  Mass.  j  his  second  was  Love  Grahtim 
Brinkerhoff,  a  widow,  the  daughter  of  Rev.  Mr. 
Graham.  He  had  eleven  children,  of  whom  Eliza- 
beth married  Rev.  Thomas  Allen ;  Love  married 
Rev.  Aaron  Cook  Collins ;  Elisha  Lee  lived  in 
Sheffield;  and  Dr.  Chouncey  Lee  was  minister  of 
Marlborough,  Conn,  He  was  an  animated  and 
popular  preacher.  He  published  the  election 
sermon,  1706;  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  Abigail 
Spencer,  1787. 

LEE,  John,  born  in  Marblehcad,  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  Revolutionary  war  commanded 
a  private  armed  vessel,  owned  by  the  Tracys, 
merchants.  With  a  vessel  of  six  iron  guns  and 
some  wooden  ones  he  captured  a  heavy  armed 
merchantman ;  approacliing  in  the  dark,  and  ex- 
tending indistinct  lights  beyond  the  bowsj)rit  and 
stern  to  produce  the  appearanro  of  great  length, 
he  produced  a  ready  submission  to  the  inferior 
force  of  the  shrewd  Yankee.  Li  his  last  days 
he  amended  his  habits,  and  becfime  considerate, 
meek,  and  patient  in  suffering,  and  was  cheered 
with  the  Christian  hope.  —  Knapp's  Lectures. 

LEE,  Joseph,  died  at  Cambridge  Dec.  5, 1802, 
aged  93.  A  graduate  of  1729,  he  was  a  justice 
of  the  common  pleas. 

LEE,  John,  a  physician  of  great  promise,  died 
at  Ashfield,  Mass.,  in  1813,  aged  27.  lie  was 
born  in  Amherst.  —  V/illiams'  Amer.  Med.  Biog. 

LEE,  JiisSE,  called  the  apostle  of  American 
Methodism,  died  in  August,  1816,  aged  58,  and 
was  buried  at  Baltimore.  He  was  born  in  Prince 
George's  county,  Virginia,  and  he  was  a  minister 


of  zeal  and  ability,  and  the  apostle  of  Methodism, 
espcciully  in  the  New  England  iStatos. 

U'^E.Jo.ski'H, first  minister  of  Royalston,  Mass., 
jjorn  at  Concord,  was  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
17C5;  ordained  Oct.  19,  1768;  and  died  Feb.  10, 
1819,aged  77.  He  jnibhshed  four  sermons,  12mo., 
1782  ;  a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of  "W.  B.  Wes- 
son, 1803;  half-century,  1818. 

LEE,  EzR/V,  captain,  an  officer  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary war,  died  at  Lyme,  Conn.,  Oct.  29,  1821, 
aged  72.  He  was  selected  by  Gen.  I'arsons,  at 
the  request  of  Woshington,  to  navigate  Bush- 
nell's  submarine  vessel,  called  the  marine  turtle, 
in  the  harbor  of  Now  York,  for  the  purpose  of 
blowing  up  the  British  ship  Asia.  The  cojipcr  of 
the  ship  i)revcnted  him  from  attaching  the  in- 
strument of  destruction  to  it,  though  he  toiled 
two  hours  under  water ;  but  the  exijlosion  at  a 
little  distance  alarmed  the  fleet  and  caused  its 
removal  to  the  Hook.  He  was  amiable  and  be- 
nevolent, and  respected  for  his  valor,  ha\ing 
fought  bravely  in  several  battles. 

LEE,  Thomas  Sim.  governor  of  Maryland, 
from  1779  to  1783,  was  afterwards  a  member  of 
congress,  and  of  the  convention  which  formed 
the  constitution.  He  was  again  chosen  governor 
in  1792.  He  died  at  Necdwood,  in  Frederic 
county,  Nov.  9,  1819,  aged  75.  He  was  much 
attached  to  agricultural  pursuits. 

LEE,  Chaules,  attomey-geneval  of  the  United 
States,  succeeded  Mr.  Bradford  Dec.  10,  1705, 
and  was  succeeded  by  L.  Lincoln  in  1801.  He 
died  in  Fauquier  county,  Virginia,  June  24,  1815, 
aged  58. 

LEE,  Henry,  general,  governor  of  Virginia, 
died  March  25,  1818,  aged  62.  He  was  born  in 
Virginia  Jan.  29,  1756,  and  was  graduated  at 
Princeton  college  in  1773.  While  his  father,  in 
1774,  was  engaged  in  negotiating  a  treaty  with 
the  Indian  tribes,  he  was  intrusted  with  the  man- 
agement of  the  private  concerns  of  the  family. 
In  1776  he  was  appointed  a  cajjtaiu  of  cavalry 
under  Col.  Bland;  in  Sept.,  1777,  he  joined  the 
main  army.  His  skill  in  discipline  and  gallant 
bearing  soon  attracted  the  notice  of  Washington. 
He  was  soon  promoted  to  the  rank  of  major, 
with  the  command  of  a  separate  corps  of  cavalry, 
and  then  advanced  to  the  rank  of  lieut.-colonel. 
From  1780  to  the  end  of  the  war  he  served  under 
Greene.  The  services  of  Lee's  legion  in  various 
actions  were  very  important.  Ho  particularly 
distinguished  himself  in  the  battle  of  Guilford ; 
afterwards  he  succeeded  in  capturing  fort  Corn- 
wallis  and  other  forts ;  he  was  also  conspicuous 
at  Ninety-six  and  at  the  Eutaw  Springs.  In 
1786  he  was  appointed  a  delegote  to  congress  from 
Virginia,  in  which  body  he  remained  till  the  con- 
stitution was  adopted.  In  the  convention  of 
Virginia  he  advocated  its  adoption.  In  1791  he 
succeeded  Beverly  Randolph  as  governor,  and 


LEE. 

rpmnincd  in  office  three  yean.  By  appointment 
of  Wnshington,  ho  coninmndi'd  the  forccH  sent  to 
suppress  tlic  whiskey  iiiNurrection  in  I'ennsjlva- 
nia.  In  1799,  while  a  member  of  congress,  he 
was  selected  to  jjronounco  a  funeral  oration  on 
AVashington.  After  the  accession  of  Mr.  Jeffer- 
son in  1801  he  retired  to  private  life.  In  his  last 
years  lie  was  distressed  by  pecuniary  embarrass 
ments.  While  confined,  hi  VS99,  within  the 
bounds  of  Spottsylvnnia  county  for  debt,  he  wrote 
his  valuable  memoirs  of  the  southern  campaigns. 
Being  in  Baltimore  in  1814,  when  the  mot)  at- 
tacked a  iirinting-officc,  he  was  o'le  of  the  do- 
fenders,  and  was  carried  to  jail  for  safety ;  in  the 
attack  on  the  jail,  when  Gen.  Lingan  was  killed, 
he  was  severely  wounded,  llepairing  to  the 
West  Indies  for  liis  health,  on  his  return  he 
died  at  Cumberland  island,  near  St.  Mary's, Geor- 
gia, at  Mrs.  Shaw's,  the  daughter  of  Gen.  Green. 
By  his  wounds  at  Baltimore  he  was  rendered  de- 
crepid,  and  afterwards  life  was  a  burden.  It  has 
been  represented,  that  he  was  dissipated  and 
without  moral  principle.  Being  once  taken  by 
an  officer  for  debt,  the  ingenuity  of  the  soldier 
procured  his  release  from  the  sherifTj  he  told 
him,  he  was  glad  that  he  was  about  to  lodge  him 
in  prison,  for  he  had  been  bitten  by  a  mad  dog 
and  might  do  mischief.  After  a  while,  as  they 
were  riding,  he  began  to  rave,  and  the  terrified 
oificer  was  glad  to  escape  from  a  man  who  had 
been  bitten  by  ad  dog !  General  Lee's  son. 
Major  Henry  I  ,  pul  'ished  a  work,  entitled,  the 
campaign  of  1781,  etc.,  the  design  of  which  was 
to  vindicate  the  memory  of  his  father  against  the 
representations  wliich  ore  to  be  found  in  John- 
son's life  of  General  Greene.  General  Lee  him- 
self published  an  oration  on  the  death  of  Wash- 
ington, 1800  ;  memoirs  of  the  war  in  the  south,  2 
vols.,  8vo.,  1812. 

LEE,  TnosLis  Bland,  a  member  of  the  first 
congress  from  Virginia,  died  at  Washington 
March  12,  1827,  aged  63  years.  He  enjoyed  the 
friendship  and  confidence  of  Mr.  Madison,  and 
was  a  man  of  high  talents  and  ])ublic  virtue. 

LEE,  Elias,  a  Baptist  minister,  died  at  Balls- 
ton  Spa  in  1829,  aged  63. 

LEE,  FU/VNCis,  died  in  Boston  in  1830,  leaving 
by  liis  will  20,000  dollars  to  the  McLean  asylum 
for  the  insane. 

LEE,  Andrew,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Lisbon, 
Conn.,  died  Aug.  25,  1832,  aged  87.  He  was 
born  in  Lyme,  the  son  of  John  Lee,  a  lawyer, 
who  died  when  his  son  was  an  infant.  He  grad- 
uated at  Yale  in  1706;  was  ordained  at  Hanover 
now  Lisbon,  in  1768  j  and  toiled  as  a  minister  till 
within  a  year  of  his  decease.  He  was  beloved 
and  honored.  At  the  time  of  the  Revolution  he 
was  a  glowing  patriot.  In  his  theology  he  avoided 
extremes,  and  was  rather  liberal.  He  published 
a  fast  sermon,  1776 ;  at  the  funeral  of  B.  Throop, 


LEE. 


519 


1785 1  nn  inquiry  as  to  n  willingness  to  be 
damned,  1780  j  at  the  ordination  of  J.  I'.llis,  1789; 
of  1).  I'almer,  1800;  declensions  of  C'iiristinnity, 
1793;  at  election,  179o  ;  two  discourses  on  Uom. 
IX.,  1811;  a  half-century  sermon,  1818;  sermons, 
8vo.,  1803.  —  Spraijiie's  Annuls. 

hV.E,  Elisha,  a  lawyer  of  Sheffield,  Mass.,  died 
in  183o,  aged  aliout  78.  He  was  the  son  of  Itev. 
Jonathan  Lee,  and  graduated  at  Yale  in  1777  ; 
in  1781  he  settled  at  Sheffield.  Mr.  Sedgwick 
was  settled  there  previously.  I 'is  wife  was  the 
widow  of  llev.  Moses  Allen  ol  fioorgia.  Ho 
sustained  a  high  Christian  charactir. 

LEE,  Elizadktii,  Mrs.,  died  in  Baltimore  in 
Ajiril,  183G,  aged  112  years. 

LEE,  Thomas  G.,  M.  ]).,  died  in  Charlestown, 
Mass. ,  Oct.  29, 1 836,  aged  28,  superintendent  of  the 
McLean  asylum,  a  man  of  talents  and  usefulness. 

LEE,  IIi'.xiiY,  consul  at  Algiers,  died  in  Paris 
in  1837,  aged  50.  He  was  the  son  of  Gen.  Henry 
Lee,  born  at  Stratford,  Va.,  and  educated  at  \\'\\- 
liam  and  Mary  college.  He  served  as  a  major  in 
the  war  of  1812.  In  vindication  of  his  father's 
fame  he  published  the  campaigns  of  1782,  in  the 
Carolinas,  1782;  observations  on  the  writingR  of 
Jefferson,  1832;  an  incomplete  life  of  Napoleon, 
1835.—  Cijd.  of  Avi.  Lit. 

LEE,  Thomas,  died  at  Charleston,  S.  C,  in 
1839,  aged  69.  He  was  judge  of  the  United 
States  court  for  South  Carolina,  and  held  various 
offices,  and  was  much  resjiected. 

LEE,  S.VMl'KL,  general,  a  soldier  of  the  Revo- 
lution, died  at  Barre,  his  birth-place,  Oct.  17, 
1839,  aged  72.  His  monument  of  marble,  jjro- 
tected  by  a  portico  and  roof  of  granite,  cost  2,000 
dollars.    It  has  inscribed  these  lines : 

"  To  freedom's  cause  his  anient  youth  was  given ; 
Ills  riper  age  to  rural  carts  and  lleuvcu." 

His  son  Charles,  a  merchant  of  Boston,  perished 
in  the  Lexington  steamboat,  when  it  was  burnt 
in  the  sound,  Jan.  13,  1840,  aged  43.  —  Boston 
Advertiser,  July  13,  1851. 

LEE,  William,  died  at  Boston  in  1840,  for- 
merly consul  at  Bordeaux,  late  second  auditor  of 
the  treasury  of  the  United  States. 

LEE,  Gideon,  died  at  Geneva,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  21, 

1841,  aged  63 ;  born  in  Amherst,  Mass.  lie  was 
a  dealer  in  leather  in  New  York,  and  major ;  also 
member  of  congress.  He  was  a  man  of  talents, 
integrity,  and  philanthropy,  and  acquired  a  large 
fortune. 

LEE,  CnALTfCEY,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Colebrook, 
Conn.,  died  in  Ilartwick,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  5  or  Dep., 

1842,  aged  79.  He  was  tlie  son  of  Rev.  Jona- 
than Lee  of  Salisbury  by  his  second  wife,  who 
was  the  widow  Love  Brinkerhof,  the  daughter 
of  Rev.  John  Graham  of  Southbury.  He  grad- 
uated at  Yale  in  1784,  and  studied  law  with  Mr. 
Reeve  of  Litchfield,  and  then  practised  there  for 


520 


LEE. 


a  Rhort  time.  ITp  stiuliod  throlop:)'  with  Dr. 
West,  niid  wtiH  onlaiiifd  in  Sunderland,  Vt.,  in 
1700;  nnothor  pnHtor  wuh  Hi'tllcd  tlic  snnic  dny  in 
another  part  of  tho  town,  wlio  gained  in  a  laWKiiit 
some  land  which  had  hocn  ff'wcn  to  th«  first  HCt- 
tled  minister,  m  ho  was  settled  two  minutes  the 
first!  After  about  seven  years  he  left  S.,  and 
resided  in  Iiansingl)ur;:li  and  Hudcon  as  a  teacher 
ond  ))reachcr.  Installed  in  ("olclirook  in  1800,  he 
remained  there  twenty-seven  years,  and  was  then 
pastor  of  Marlhoroiiifh,  Conn.,  eight  years.  For 
the  last  five  or  six  years  of  his  life  he  ^resided 
with  one  of  his  sons  in  Hartwick,  N.  ¥.  Hy  his 
wife,  Abigail  Staunton,  he  had  a  son,  Chauncey 
Graham,  who  was  a  minister ;  his  second  wife 
wa.s  the  widow  of  A.  Si)cncer,  the  brother  of 
Chief  Justice  Spencer  of  New  York  ;  his  third  wife 
he  married  in  1818.  ])r.  Lee  was  courteous  and 
gentlemanly,  and  had  a  kindly,  a  benignant  spirit. 
In  his  theology  he  was  attached  to  the  ancient 
school,  and  rejected  modern  novelt';'-.,  against 
which  he  wrote  in  liis  letters,  lie  was  a  writer 
of  i)octry  and  was  skilled  in  music.  Sometimes 
he  indulged  in  sallies  of  harmless  wit,  which 
amused,  but  which  he  sometimes  lamented.  lie 
was  a  classical  scholar  and  a  man  of  learning. 
He  published  an  arithmetic,  1797;  a  poetical 
version  of  Job,  1807;  election  sermon,  1813;  on 
the  death  of  A.  K.  llobbins,  ISl.'l ;  sermons  for 
revivals,  one  vol.,  1824;  letters  from  Astarchus  to 
Philemon,  1833.  —  Spragxie's  Annals. 

LEE,  Mosi;.s  Ai.i.i;.\,  M.  D.,  jjrofessorof  mate- 
ria mcdica  in  IJcrkshire  Institution,  died  at  Pitts- 
field,  Mass.,  June  IG,  184L',  aged  35.  He  was 
the  son  of  Samuel  L.  of  Salisbury,  and  brother 
of  Dr.  Charles  A.  L. ;  and  studied  physic  with  his 
brother-in-law.  Dr.  Luther  Ticknor.  His  wife 
was  Adelia,  daughter  of  Josej)h  Merrick  of  Pitts- 
field.  He  died  of  an  e])idemic  erysij)elas. —  Wil- 
liams' American  Medical  liioyraphy. 

LEI  '  William,  governor  of  Connecticut, 
died  A]n-il  10,  1083.  He  came  to  New  England 
in  1037,  in  conii)any  with  I'laton  and  llojjkins. 
Sept.  29,  1039,  he.Mr.  Whitefield,  and  others  pur- 
cliased  Monunkatuck,  or  Guilford,  of  the  sachem 
squaw,  the  owner.  The  agreement  was  made  at 
New  Haven,  and  was  confirmed  by  the  general 
court  Jan.  31,  1G40.  "When  the  church  of  Guil- 
ford was  formed  in  1043,  he  was  one  of  the  seven 
pillars,  or  first  members.  AVhitefield  and  Iliggin- 
son  were  two  others.  For  many  years  he  was 
the  clerk  of  tlie  town.  Ho  was  an  assistant  of 
New  Haven  colony  from  1043  to  1607,  and  gov- 
cijior  from  1001  to  1605  ;  and  after  the  union  of 
New  Haven  and  Connecticut,  was  deputy  governor 
from  1009  to  1075,  and  governor,  after  Winthrop, 
from  1076  to  1080.  Having  removed  to  Hart- 
ford, he  died  there.  His  sons  were  John  and 
Andrew ;  his  posterity  are  numerous.  He  con- 
ducted the  public  affairs  with  integrity  and  wis- 


LELAND. 

dnm.  In  IflflO,  when  the  rrgiciden,  Whallry  and 
Goflc,  ivere  in  danger  of  being  arrested,  ho  nobly 
protected  them. 

LEFFINGWELL,  Thomas,  of  Sayhrook  in 
1037,  was  one  of  the  ])urchaser8  of  the  town  of 
Norwich,  in  1059,  from  Uncas  and  his  sons  Owa- 
ncco  and  Attawanhood. 

Le  FOUGE,  Henry,  died  at  Hamdcn,  Conn., 
in  1839,  aged  100. 

LEFTWICH,  Joel,  general,  died  at  Bedford, 
Va.,  in  1840,  aged  86 ;  a  brave  soldier  of  the 
Revolution. 

LEOARE,  Hugh  Swinton,  died  at  Boston 
June  20,  1843,  aged  about  50.  He  lived  at 
Charleston,  S.  C,  and  was  a  member  of  congress, 
attoiney-gencral,  and  chnrgd  to  Brussels.  He 
was  a  scholar,  and  a  writer  in  Southern  Review. 

LEGOETT,  William,  died  in  New  York  May 
24,  1839,  editor  of  the  Evening  Post  and  the 
Plaindcaler,  author  of  poems  and  miscellaneous 
writings, 

LEGGETT,  Abraham,  major,  a  Revolutionary 
soldier,  died  at  New  York  in  1842,  aged  88.  He 
was  made  prisoner  at  the  capture  of  fort  Mont- 
gomery. 

LEIGH,  Benjamin  W.,  died  at  Richmond  Feb. 
2,  1849,  aged  67.  He  was  a  lawyer  and  states- 
man. From  1829  to  1841  he  was  reporter  of  the 
State  of  Virginia,  frequently  a  member  of  the 
legislature,  and  of  the  senate  of  the  United  States 
from  1834  to  1837. 

LELAND,  JoiiN,  minister  of  Peru,  Mass.,  died 
in  1826.  He  was  born  in  llolliston,  settled  in 
1783,  and  received  R.  Hawkes  as  a  colleague  in 
1815.  Rev.  Dr.  Aaron  W.  Leland,  of  South 
Carolina,  is  his  son. 

LELAND,  John,  a  Baptist  minister,  died  at 
Cheshire,  Mass.,  Jan.  14,  1841,  nged  85.  lie 
was  born  at  Grafton  in  1754.  From  1770  he 
lived  fourteen  years  in  Virginia  ;  in  1791  he  set- 
tled in  Cheshire.  In  1810  he  had  baptized  1163 
persons,  about  700  of  tliem  in  Virginia.  He  was 
a  zealous  political  friend  of  Jefferson,  and  pub- 
lished various  tracts,  ])olitical  and  religious.  His 
people  sent  him  to  Washington  city  to  jjrescnt  a 
great  cheese  to  Mr.  Jefferson,  whose  j)olitics  they 
approved.  It  was  made  from  curds  furnibhcd  on 
a  particular  day  by  the  dairywomen  of  the  town  ; 
it  weighed  1,450  pounds.  The  speaker  jiresented 
it  in  behalf  of  his  peojile  as  "  a  pejjpercorn  "  of 
their  esteem  for  the  democratic  president.  lie 
published  oration,  1802;  on  the  death  of  Mrs. 
Northrop;  the  Virginia  Chronicle,  12mo.,  1790; 
the  rights  of  conscience,  1793. 

LELAND,  Aauon,  deacon,  died  at  Sherburne, 
Mass.,  Sept.  17,  1846,  aged  95,  the  last  of  four 
brothers  and  four  sisters,  all  of  whom,  but  one, 
lived  above  eighty  years,  showing  a  family  of  in- 
dustry and  temperance. 


LEMELL. 

LEMELL,  Ei.E.VNon,  died  in  Lafayette  parioh, 
La.,  in  1839,  aRod  103. 

Le  MEUCIEU,  iV-NDREW,  minister  in  Boston, 
died  in  1702.  He  had  for  many  years  the  care 
of  the  I'rotestont  French  church,  which  wos 
founded  by  I'rotcHtonts,  driven  from  France  by 
the  revocotion  of  the  edict  of  Nantes  in  1080. 
Daill^  was  tlieir  first  minister.  The  society  being 
very  much  diminished,  he  at  length  desisted  from 
liis  public  lobors,  and  the  house  was  in  1748  occu- 
pied by  Mr.  Croswell's  church.  Ho  sustained  a 
reputable  cliaracter.  He  published  a  church  his- 
tory of  Geneva,  12mo.,  1732,  and  a  treatise  on 
detraction.  —  Hist.  Coll.,  in.  204,  301. 

LENOm,  WlLMAM,  general,  died  in  1839  at 
fort  Defiance,  Wilkes  co.,  N.  C.  j  an  officer  of  the 
Revolutionary  war.  He  was  president  of  the 
senate ;  a  patriot,  a  man  of  integrity,  generous, 
hospitable. 

LENOX,  Robert,  died  in  New  York  Dec.  13, 
1839,  aged  80;  a  merchant,  a  native  of  Scotland, 
enterprising  and  wealthy. 

LENT,  l8,VAC,  died  in  Ballston,  N.  Y.,  in  1847, 
aged  102.  A  native  of  New  York,  ho  was  a 
Revolutionary  pensioner. 

LENTHALL,  Robert,  minister  of  Wej-mouth, 
was  there  from  1038  to  1040.  Barnard,  Hull, 
and  Jenner  were  ministers  before  himj  all  lame 
from  England. 

LEONARD,  Natil\niel,  minister  of  Plj-mouth, 
died  in  1770,  aged  about  72.  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1719,  and  was  ordained  in  1724  as 
successor  of  Mr.  Little.  He  ceased  to  preach 
from  ill  health  in  1757,  end  removed  to  Norton, 
and  Mr.  Ilobbins  was  ordained  liis  successor  in 
1700. 

LEONARD,  Ariel,  D.  D.,  son  of  Rev.  Na- 
thaniel L.,  died  in  1778,  aged  about  40.  He 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1709,  and  was  a  chap- 
Iain  in  the  army.  He  i)ublished  a  thanksgiving' 
sermon  at  Woodstock,  Conn.,  1767 ;  at  the  ordi- 
nation of  G.  Wheaton,  1772. 

LEONARD,  George,  LL.  D.,  died  at  Raj-n- 
liam  July  20, 1819,  aged  90.  Born  in  Boston,  he 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1748.  He  was  a  de- 
scendant of  Judge  Thomas  Leonard,  on  whuni, 
after  his  death  in  1713,  S.  Danforth  jjublished  an 
eulogy.  His  father  was  Col.  George  L.,  a  judge 
of  j)robate  and  of  the  common  pleas.  He  hini- 
•sclf  sustained  the  same  offices,  and  was  one  of 
the  first  members  of  congress  under  the  constitu- 
tion. Ho  was  a  man  of  wealth.  His  ancestors 
were  as  follows  :  Lennard,  Lord  Dacre,  created 
a  baron  in  1297 ;  James  and  Henry  Leonard  set- 
tled at  Raynham  in  1052,  and  built  the  first  forge 
in  America.  Henry  removed  to  New  Jersey. 
Of  the  great  ages  attained  by  this  family,  it  is 
stated  that  in  1793  it  was  known  that  one  had 
died  aged  100,  two  over  90,  seventeen  over  80, 
and  fifty-three  over  70.  Thirteen  had  graduated 
66 


LEVERETT. 


521 


at  Cambridge.  James  L.  lived  in  fHendship  with 
King  IMiilip.  Among  his  descendants  were 
Judge  Daniel  Leonard  of  Bermuda,  Judge 
Ward  Chipman  of  New  Brunswick,  Judge  Wilde 
of  ^Ltssachusetts,  L.  White,  Lieut.-Goy.  Cobb, 
and  Dr.  Howard. 

LEONARD,  Elijah,  died  Feb.  8,  1834,  ogcd 
74,  minister  of  second  society  in  Marshficld, 
Mass.,  forty-five  years.  He  graduated  at  Yale  in 
1783. 

LEONARD,  David,  a  minister,  graduated  at 
Providence  in  1702,  and  published  a  sermon  on 
the  death  of  John  Holmes  at  Holmes'  harbor, 
1705;  a  masonic  oration  at  Nantucket,  1707. 

LEONARD,  AniOAiL,  died  in  Raynham  Jon. 
25,  1845,  aged  nearly  101 ;  a  descendant  of  John 
Alden.  Her  husband  was  high-sheriff  of  Bristol. 
In  early  life  she  was  consecrated  to  the  Redeemer. 
She  devoted  a  portion  of  every  day  to  literature 
and  the  bible.  For  the  last  fifteen  years  she 
could  read  without  glasses.  She  was  cheerful, 
pious,  happy. 

LEONARD,  JoxATluJf.Dr.,  died  at  Sandwich, 
Mass.,  in  1840,  aged  86 ;  a  graduate  of  Harvard 
in  1786. 

Le  ROY,  Herman,  died  in  New  York  in  1841, 
aged  84 ;  a  prosperous  merchant. 

LESCARBOT,  ALvRC,  published  Ilistoire  de  la 
Nouvelle  France,  two  vols.,  12mo.,  2d  edit.,  1612. 
LESLIE,  George,  minister  of  Washington, 
N.  IL,  died  in  1800,  aged  72.  He  was  the  son  of 
James,  of  Tojjsfield,  a  Scotchman  ;  was  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1748 ;  was  ordained  at  Linebrook 
in  Ipswich  in  1749,  and  dismissed  in  1779  j  and 
was  pastor  at  W.  from  1780  to  his  death.  He 
fitted  young  men  for  college,  and  some  for  the 
ministry.  He  published  a  sermon  at  the  ordina- 
tion of  S.  Perley. —  Sprague's  Annals. 

LEVERETT,  John,  governor  of  Massachu- 
setts, died  March  10, 1679,  aged  62.  He  was  the 
son  of  Elder  Thomas  L.,  and  came  to  this  coun- 
try with  his  father  in  1633,  and  was  admitted  a 
freeman  in  1640.  He  signalized  himself  by  his 
bravery  in  the  early  periods  of  his  life.  He  was 
long  emjjloyed  in  public  affairs  and  places  of 
great  trust.  He  was  in  England  at  the  Restora- 
tion, and  appeared  an  advocate  for  the  colony. 
Upon  his  return  to  this  country  he  was  chosen  a 
member  of  the  general  court  for  Boston.  In 
1604  he  was  chosen  major-general,  and  in  1665  an 
assistuTit.  He  was  elected  governor  in  1673  as 
successor  to  Bellingham,  and  was  continued  in 
that  office  till  his  death, 
spoken  of  with  res])ect. 
Bradstreet.  —  Magnalia, 
Hutchinson. 

LEVERETT,  John,  president  of  Harvard  col- 
lege, died  May  3,  1724,  aged  61.  He  was  grand- 
son of  Governor  Leverett,  and  was  graduated  at 
the  college,  which  was  oftcrwDrds  intrusted  to  his 


His  administration  is 
He  was  succeeded  .by 
II.    19;  Neat,   II,  32; 


622 


LEVEniDCE. 


care,  in  1G80.  lie  van  Tirst  a])po!ntcd  a  tutor  in 
thi»  HPminary.  He  next  wqh  choHcn  a  mrmlu'r  of 
the  houue  of  ri'iircKCiitativeo,  iind  then  Riieukcr. 
He  was  (tuccfsnivcly  a  member  of  liin  miijoKty** 
council,  a  juHtice  of  the  Kujierior  court,  uiid  n 
judge  of  the  jiroliate  of  willfi.  After  the  death  of 
the  vice-president  Willnrd,  he  was  chonen  presi- 
dent, and  was  inducted  into  tiiis  office  Jan.  H, 
1708.  In  tiiib  station  tie  continued  till  liis  sudden 
dctttli.  He  was  succeeded  hy  Wadsworth.  I'rcs- 
ident  Leverett  received  from  the  |,'ift  of  God  great 
powers  of  mind,  which  he  diligently  cultivated. 
He  was  cons])icuou8  for  his  learning,  and  he  was 
an  eminent  divine  as  well  as  statesman.  In  an 
early  period  of  iiis  life  he  occasionally  preaclicd. 
So  extensive  was  his  knowledge  and  so  correct 
was  his  judgment,  tliat  in  olmost  every  difficult 
caae  the  people  resorted  to  him  for  information 
and  advice.  He  was  a  man  of  'ourage  and  res- 
olution and  firmness,  as  well  as  learning.  No 
difficulties  discouraged  him,  when  he  once  en- 
gaged in  any  afTair  of  importance;  he  encoun- 
tered them  witli  cheerfulness,  and  hy  his  perse- 
verance and  diligence  frequently  effected  what 
would  have  been  impossible  to  a  mind  of  feebler 
texture.  When  his  object  could  not  be  accom- 
plished, he  yielded  it  without  disquietude.  At 
the  head  of  the  university  he  was  respected,  for 
he  possessed  personal  dignity  and  a  talent  of  gov- 
ernment. There  was  a  majesty  in  his  speech, 
behavior,  and  countenonce,  which  secured  the 
reverence  of  all  who  conversed  with  him,  and 
impressed  the  youth  who  were  sulyect  to  his  au- 
thority with  awe.  Yet  he  did  not  lose  their  affec- 
tions, for  his  dignity  was  not  the  offspring  of 
pride.  He  was  a  good  man,  of  imaffected  piety 
and  of  a  holy  life,  a  cordial  friend  to  the  Congre- 
gational churches,  but  placing  religion  not  so 
much  in  particular  forms,  as  in  the  weightier  mat- 
ters of  righteousness,  faith,  and  love.  In  his  care 
of  the  college  he  was  indefatigable,  and  it  flour- 
ished much  during  liis  presidency.  He  wos  its 
glory,  and  he  was  also  the  ornament  of  his  coun- 
try. His  first  wife  was  Margaret,  daughter  of 
President  Rogers  j  his  second,  Mrs.  Harris,  who 
afterwards  married  Dr.  Colman.  His  daughter 
Sarah  married  Rev.  E.  Wigglesworth  j  Mary 
married  Major  John  Denison. — Funeral  Sermons 
by  Appleton,  Colman,  and  Wadsicorth. 

LEVERIDGE,  Wilmam,  a  preacher,  arrived 
at  Salem  in  the  ship  James,  Got.  10,  1633,  and 
preached  at  Dover  till  1635.  In  1640  he  was  in 
Sandwich,  and '  was  employed  as  a  missionary  in 
1657  by  the  commissioners  of  the  united  colonies. 
He  accompanied  the  first  settlers  to  Huntington, 
L.  I.;  but  in  1670  he  removed  to  Newtown, 
where  he  died,  and  where  his  posterity  remam. — 
Farmer. 

LEWIS,  Daniel,  first  minister  of  Tembroke, 
Mass.,  died  iu  1753,  aged  68.    He  graduated  at 


LEWIS. 

TTarvnrd  in  1707.  llis  daughter  married  Mr. 
Ilonland,  ininihter  of  Carver  from  1710  to  IKOI, 
when  he  died,  aged  8.1  i  tiis  griind-chiiiglitcr  mar- 
ried Mr.  Weld,  minihter  of  Uruintrre.  He  pul)- 
lished  a  sermon  at  ordination  of  J.  Stacey,  17i!(»  i 
the  sins  of  youth,  1725;  tiic  election  sermon, 
17^8. 

LF.WIS,  JoRiAit,  minister  of  WelKleet,  Mass., 
died  in  1780,  aged  8-1.  A  graduate  of  Ilnrvurd 
in  1721),  he  was  ordained  in  17i')(l. 

LEWIS,  Joiix,  minister  in  Wetliersfield,  f 'onn., 
died  April  28,  1702,  aged  about  42.  Dr.  C'lmpin 
was  his  successor.  He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1770, 
was  tutor  from  1773  to  1778,  and  was  ordained  at 
Rocky  Hill  in  1781.  He  published  two  sermons 
on  forbearance  to  weak  consciences,  1789. — 
Spragiie's  Annals. 

LEWIS,  Fhancib,  a  patriot  of  the  Revolution,, 
died  Dec.  30,  1803,  aged  00.  He  was  born  in 
Landaff,  South  Wales,  in  1713.  He  was  educated 
at  Westminster,  In  1735  he  arrived  at  New 
York,  where  he  engaged  extensively  in  navigation 
and  foreign  trade.  His  commercial  transactions 
induced  him  to  visit  Russia  and  other  ])arts  of 
Europe.  As  agent  for  supplying  the  British 
troops,  he  was  at  fort  Oswego  when  it  surren- 
dered to  Montcalm,  after  Col.  Mersey  had  been 
killed  by  his  side.  He  was  carried  a  prisoner  to 
Montreal,  and  thence  to  France.  After  his  lilier- 
ation,  in  the  Revolutionary  movements  of  the 
country  he  was  among  the  first  of  "  the  sons  of 
liberty."  In  April,  1775,  he  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  congress;  the  next  year  he  signed  the 
Declaration  of  Independence.  He  was  employed 
in  the  importation  of  military  stores  and  otlicr 
secret  services.  In  1775  he  removed  to  Long 
Island;  in  the  autumn  of  1770  his  house  was 
plundered  by  the  British ;  his  library  and  pa])ers 
were  destroyed,  and  Mrs.  Lewis  taken  j)risoner. 
She  was  confined  severol  months  by  tlie  brutal 
foe,  without  a  bed  to  lie  upon;  her  sufferings 
were  such  as  to  occasion  her  death  in  one  or  two 
years.  Mr.  Lewis  in  his  la.st  days  lived  in  com- 
parative poverty.  —  Qoodrich. 

LEWIS,  Meriwether,  governor  of  Upjjer 
Louisiana,  tlied  Oct.  11,  1809,  aged  35.  He  was 
born  near  Charlottesville,  Va.,  Aug.  18,  1774. 
He  relinquished  his  academic  studies  at  the  a^e 
of  eighteen,  and,  after  being  a  farmer  for  two 
years,  enlisted  as  a  volunteer  in  the  militia,  called 
out  at  that  time,  and  soon  entered  the  army. 
From  1801  to  1803  he  was  the  private  secretary 
of  Prbsident  Jefferson,  who  appointed  him  in  1803 
to  the  command  of  the  exploring  party,  directed 
to  cross  the  continent  to  the  Pacific  Ocean.  His 
unshaken  firmness  and  undaunted  courage,  his 
prudence  and  enterprise,  besides  his  knowledge 
of  botany,  qualified  him  for  this  service.  Accom- 
panied by  William  Clarke,  he  returned  from  this 
expedition  in  about  three  ^  years.    He  was  re- 


LKWIS. 


LINCOLN. 


523 


w-ir<l''>l  liy  n  tract  of  land.     Soon  iiftor  liii  return 

ill  ISdd  lit'  Wiis  miuli'  j;ii\i'lfl(ir  ol'  I,(]ui^i;lllll,  :illil 
Ciiirkf  win  rn  idf  n  fji'iii'ial  anil  ;i;;(iit  Inr  liuliaii 
atriirn.  Oil  hl.s  iiiriv.il,  lie  was  Hiiii'is^riil  in  com- 
liosini;  Nome  (lisxi'imionH  which  had  Hpruii);  up.  i 
Soinr  (liillt'iilty  u.H  to  hin  accountN,  «hic'li  iliNtrcsHcd 
him,  iiiil'ici'd  iiiin  to  Nci  out  on  n  journt  y  to 
\\''i<iiiM;,'lon.  Landing'  .it  ChickaMiw  lUulis,  jj<' 
tluiifi'  i)ro"i'i'di'(l  liy  hind.  On  the  lionhis  ol' 
'I'l'Mni'.sHci',  iiliont  forty  miles  from  Naslivillr,  lie 
killed  iiim.si'lf  with  a  pUtol  and  a  razor.  'I'lii.s 
event  wa.s  ascrllK'd  to  the  protest  of  Home  hills 
whicli  lie  drew  on  the  puhlie  acooiinf.  He  had 
wiilten  an  aecount  ol"  his  expedition  uj)  the  Mis- 
Houii  and  to  the  I'ucillc,  which  was  ijiilili^hed, 
under  the  eare  of  I'lnd  .\llen,  in  '2  vols.,  svo., 
1814,  ill  which  a]i])eared  hix  life,  written  hy  Mr. 
Jofl'erson. 

LKWIS,  CoMFonr,  Miss,  died  at  Portsmouth, 
N.  H.,  Sei)t.,  IHIJl,  atjfd  lOJ. 

LEWIS,  L.wvKKXCi;,  major,  died  nt  Arlington 
iii)ii>ie,  near  Alexandria,  V'li.,  Nov.  20,  1830,  a^ed 
".'1.  He  wa.s  of  Wood  Luwn,  a  nejiliew  of  George 
Wa.'ihlnfjton,  the  last  of  his  near  hlood  relatives. 
His  widow,  ^rand-dnufjhter  of  Martha  Washing- 
ton, died  in  18j'.>,    ,'ed  83. 

LI'.WIS,  Is.\.\c,  ]).  ]).,  minister  of  Greenwich, 
Conn.,  died  \i\<i.  21,  1810,  aged  !i  I,  in  the  seventy- 
second  year  of  his  ministry.  Born  in  Stratford 
Feb.  1,  17'l(i,  he  graduated  at  Yale,  in  1705,  in  n 
class  of  forty-seven,  which  sent  out  twenty-one 
ministers.  His  conversion  was  aserilied  to  the 
])reachin<^  of  Wiiiteiield.  He  studied  theology 
with  S.  lUiell  and  J.  Mills.  He  was  first  inslalled 
at  Wilton;  from  17^(1  to  1818  he  was  the  minis- 
ter of  (ircenwich.  Conn.,  and  was  dismissed  at 
his  request  at  the  age  of  72;  his  son  Isaac  being 
installed  hi  iiis  place  the  same  day.  He  made 
his  last  address  at  the  commnnioii-falile  at  the 
age  of  90.  He  was  a  man  much  venerated  ;  of 
various  learning,  \irbane,  courteous,  cheerful, 
sound  hi  the  fuiih,  fervent  in  his  picxeliing.  Of 
ills  five  sons,  two  were  ministers  and  tnree  were 
lawyers.  Ills  wife  died  in  1829,  aged  86.  He 
published  a  sermon  at  ordination  of  J.  Mitchell ; 
at  Yale  college,  1790;  divine  mis  !on  of  Christ, 
179(5 ;  election  sermon,  1797  ;  at  inauguration  of 
President  Day  j  at  installation  of  liis  son ;  piety 
in  ministers. 

LEWIS,  Z.vciURun,  the  son  of  Rev.  Dr.  Isaac 
L.,  died  at  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  14,  1840,  aged 
C7.  A  graduate  of  Y'ale  in  1794,  he  was  licensed 
to  preach,  and  was  several  years  a  tutor  in  the 
college.  His  health  failing,  he  became  the  editor 
of  the  Commercial  Advertiser  and  New  Y'ork 
Sjjectator,  and  thus  toiled  soventee-  _,ear.s,  from 
1803  to  1820.  He  was  secretary  of  the  New 
York  tract  and  missionary  societies,  and  vice- 
president  of  tlie  American  bible  society,  lie 
edited  the  Missionary  llegister.    lie  was  a  good 


dcholnr,  n  close  rriiHoner,  a  man  nidowrd  with 
llic  Christi.in  \irliie4.  He  published  an  or;tlii)ii 
belure  llir  Cincinnati,  1790  ;  remarks  and  reply 
relating  to  a  subterranean  wall  in  South Curolitm, 
lSt)2(    reports    of    tract     noeiely. —  Si>iii;/uet 

l.l'.WIS,  Siail,  died  at  Knpldes,  LoiiiMiuim,  in 
l'*H,  aged  N|.  He  was  a  district  judge,  and  an 
riiuueiit  jurist. 

l.I'.Wis,  I.s.uc.  D.  ]).,  .son  of  llev.  Dr.  Isaac 
I..,  aiul  twin-br<ilher  of  Zaelmriah,  died  nt  New 
York  Sejit.  23,  1M.V1,  aged  82.  He  was  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  in  1794  ;  was  a  Presbyterian,  settled 
as  jristor  at  Cooperstown  in  1800,  afterwards  at 
(ioshen.  On  the  decease  of  his  father  at  Green- 
wich, Conn.,  in  181N,  he  was  settled  in  that  place, 
and  last  at  Bristol,  11.  I.  One  of  his  daughters 
married  Dr.  Harvey  E.  Peet,  president  of  the 
New  York  institution  for  the  deaf  and  dunil). 
He  published  a  sermon  at  ordination  of  J.  Knight, 
1804;  at  thanksgiving,  1812;  on  the  divinity  of 
Christ ;  address  to  Bible  society,  1824 ;  union 
of  believers  with  Christ ;  Connecticut  election 
sermon,  1827.  —  Spraf/ue'»  Aitnaln. 

Li;WIS,  .M()ua.v.\,  general,  died  at  New  York 
.\pril  7,  1844,  aged  89,  the  son  of  Prancis  Lewis 
of  New  York,  who  signed  the  Declaration  of  In- 
dejiendence.  He  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1773, 
and  was  a  colonel  in  the  army  at  the  surrender 
of  Burgoyne.  In  1791  he  was  attorney-general, 
chief  justice  in  1801,  and  governor  in  1804.  He 
was  a  kind  parent,  a  benevolent  man,  and  a 
good  citizen. 

LEWIS,  Dtxo.v  IL,  a  senator  from  Alabama, 
died  at  New  York  Oct.  25,  1848,  aged  46.  A 
native  of  Virginia,  lie  was  the  largest  man  in  con- 
gress. 

LEYDT,  Joiix,  u  Dutch  minister  in  New 
Brunswick,  N.  J.,  died  hi  1772.  lie  sought  the 
independence  of  the  Dutch  churches  in  America, 
and  published  several  pamphlets  on  the  subject. 
He  was  answered  by  Jlr.  Kitzema  of  New  York. 
He  assisted  in  forming  the  union  in  1771. 

LIL,  the  name  of  a  slave  who  died  in  North- 
ampton about  1821,  very  aged.  She  lived  in  the 
family  of  Col.  Dwight,  and  then  of  his  son,  Presi- 
dent Dwiglit;  and  llirough  her  care  were  thir- 
teen children  brought  up.  She  was  a  pious 
woman,  a  member  of  the  church  of  N.  She  was 
Uberuted,  if  not  by  the  act  of  her  master,  yet  by 
the  con.stitution  of  Mass.ichusetts,  many  years 
before  her  death.  Though  called  Lil,  her  name 
was  Sylvia  Cliurch. 

LILLY,  Anna,  Mrs.,  died  in  Sutton  July  6, 
1843,  aged  100.  At  the  age  of  90  she  plied  her 
spinning-wheel. 

LINCOLN,  Benjamin,  general,  died  May  9, 
1810,  aged  76.  He  was  a  descendant  of  Thomas 
L.,  a  cooper,  who  lived  at  Ilingham,  Mass.,  in 
1036.    His  father  was  Benjamin  L.,  a  maltster 


C24 


LINCOLN. 


MNTOLN, 


mill  fnrnu'r,  n  itirinlirr  of  the  roimcil,  niid  onr  of 
tlif  |iriii(i|ial  nil  II  in  ilic  cointy.     Ili'  wiis  Ixirn 
Jni).  !!.'{,  I'i'.i'.i,  (lid  st\Ii',  mill  hail  frw  iiilviiiitnKci 
lif  I'lliii'Utioii,    tliiiii^'li    IiIh    liriitlirr,    llcla,    wilH  n 
(frnilimtc   (if  17.il       IIIm   vDcalidii   \\n^   tliiit  of  ii 
fiiriiicr  till  111'  was   iiicirc  than  I'lirty  jriirs  nC  i\<;r. 
I!o   tiiilfil    every  ilay,  exi'i|it  when   eii>{a({i'il   in 
civil   or  tnili'iiry  iliities.     lie   wiim  n  iiiaf;iHli'ate, 
re|)resciilati\e,    and     liiMitenaiit-tdldnel    of    llie 
militia.     In  ITTO  liiMvaN  iniieh  eni|iliiyed  in  tralii- 
inj{  (ho  niililia,  lieiii;,'  ninjor-fjeiieral.     In    I''el)., 
1777,  he  joined  Washiiinton'H   army  wifli  a  re- 
inforcement, and  was  soon  crented   a  major-gen- 
eral liy  congreKH.     Oti  the  approach  of  lliirfjoyiie, 
WHHliinj{ton  sent  him  to  join  the  norlherii  army, 
hut  llrst  to  receive  at  MaiichcHter  and   form  the 
militia,  as  they  came  in,  and  to  operate  in  the  rear 
of  the  enemy.     Sejitemher  l.'Jtli,  he  detached  Col. 
lirimn  on  a  sncccNsfiil  service.     He  himself  joined 
Gales  on  the  liOth.     Commanding  in   I  he  works, 
he  did  not  participate  in  the  action  of  Oct.  7tli. 
The  next  day,  as  he  was  returniiiff  from  a  post  he 
had  visited,  a  ]iarty  of  the  enemy  liaviii",'  liccii 
advanced,  he  found  himself  within  the  reach  of 
their  fire,  and  was  severely  wounded  in   the  lej;, 
renderinj;  it  necessary  for  him  to  he  removed  to 
Albany  and  to  llinp^ham.     It  was  several  years 
before  the  wound  was  healed ;  hut  he  was  aide 
to  rejoin  Washington  in  August,  1778.     Being 
now   oppointed   to   the   chief   command    in    the 
southern  department,  he  jiroceeded  to  Charleston 
in  Decendier.     As  the  enemy  in  the  same  month 
had  landed  in  Georgia,  and  defeated  Gen.  Itobcrt 
Uowe,   and   captured    Savannah,   Gen.    Lincoln 
marched  in  April,  1779,  toward  Augusta,  in  order 
to  cover  the  uj)per  jiarts  of  Georgia,  hut  was  re- 
called to  ])rotect  Charleston  against  Gen.  I're- 
vost.    June  19,  he  attacked  the  enemy  intrenched 
at  Stono  ferry  ;  but  as  their  works  were  strong, 
and  they  were   reinforced    from  John's  island, 
opposite  to  Stono,  he  was  rejndsed.    On  the  ar- 
rivol  of  Count  D'Estaing  with  Prench  troops,  it 
was  resolved  to   recover  Savannah.     An  assault 
was  made  by  the  combined  American  and  French 
forces  Oct.  9th,  but  it  was  unsuccessful,  with  the 
loss  of  nearly  one  thousand  men.     In  February, 
1780,  Sir  H.  Clinton  conducted  an  expedition 
from  New  York  against  Lincoln  j   besieged  him 
in  Charleston ;  and  constrained  him  to  cajutulate 
May  12th.    But,  notwithstanding  his  misfortunes, 
his  reputation  as  an  able,  prudent,  brave  officer 
was  untarnished.     Admitted    to   his   parole,  he 
returned    to  Hingham;    but  was   exchanged  in 
November.     Li    1781   he   joined  the   army  of 
Washington.    At  the  siege  of  Yorktown  he  com- 
manded a  central  division ;  the  same  terms  were 
granted  to  Cornwallis  which  were  granted    at 
Charleston  to  Lincoln,  who  was  apjjointcd  to  re- 
ceive the  submission  of  the  captured  troops,  and 


I  to  conduct  tliem  to  the  field  where  their  nrtnt 
I  were  ilejiohiti'il. 

CongresH  elected  him,  Oct.  .'M,  17N1,  the  wcrc- 
!  tary  of  war,  which   otiice  he  ilischarged,  still  re- 
laiiiiiig  his  rank   in    the    army,  for  three  \ears, 
when  he  ntiriil  to  his  farm,  with  a  vole  of  con- 
[  gress  iiiinnu  iiiliiig  his  cn|iacily  and  faitlil'iilnisii 
ill   his  iilfire  and  his  mrrilorioim  services  in   the 
Held.     In  l"N(i  and  I7n7  he  was  intrusted  with 
the  command  of  the  militia  for  the  supjiression 
of    the   Shays    insurrection.      He    jiroceeded    to 
llamjishire  and  to  I'ittslield  in  llerkshire  niid  re- 
stored order.     In    .May,   17N7,    he    was   dieted 
lieutenant-governor  j  but  at  the  next  election  the 
democratic    ]iarty   gained    the    ascendency    and 
chose  Samuel  AdaniH.     In  17N9hcwaM  a]ipointed 
collector  of  the  port  of  Boston,  which  ollice  he 
held  nearly  twenty  years,  till  he  resigned  it  two 
years  before  his  deiith.     lie  had  oll'ered  to  re- 
sign it  a  year  or  two  before  Gen.  Dearborn  suc- 
ceeded him.     In  17H!)  he  was  a  commissioner  to 
treat  with  the  Creek  Indians,  and  in  1793  a  com- 
missioner to  make  ]ieace  with  the  western  Indians. 
After  ft  short  attack  of  disease  he  died  at  lling- 
hiim.      lie    lived   with  his   wife   filty-live  years. 
His  sons,  Benjamin   and  Theodore,  were  gradu- 
ates of  1777  and  I7.S.J;  the  former,  who  married 
a  daughter  of  James  Otis,  died  in   17N8.     Gen. 
Lincoln  was   temiicrate,  frugal,  and   methodical ; 
cheerful  in  his  temjier ;  and  for  a  great  port  of 
his  life  a  deacon  in  the  cluircli.     No  profane  ex- 
pression ever  fell  from   the  lips   of  this  soldier. 
About  the  year  1799  his  jiecuiiiary  resjionsibili- 
lies  for  Gen.  Knox  subjected  him  to  riiuch  tem- 
porary inconvenience ;  but  his  large  income  for 
the  last  twenty  years  enabled  him  to  distribute 
considerable    sums    amoi:ii;st    his   children.     He 
published,  in  the   historical   collections,  observa- 
tions on  the  climate,  etc.,  of  the  eastern  counties 
of  Maine;  on  the   religious   state  of  the   same, 
vol.  IV.  i  on  the  Indian   tribes,  their  decrease  and 
claims,  vol.  v.  —  IJist.   Collections,  ill.   '2'S3-2ii5 
LINCOLN,Li:vi,  attorney-general  of  the  United 
States  and  lieutenant-governor  of  Massachusetts, 
died  at  Worcester  April  14,  1820,  oged  71.     He 
was  a  descendant  of  Samuel  L.  of  llinghnm,  who 
came  to  this  country  from  Hingham,  England,  in 
1G37.    He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
1772,  and  settled  as  a  lawyer  in  Worcester,  where 
he  rose   to   distinction.     In  the  party  divisions 
during  Mr.  Adams'  administration,  he  was  a  zeal- 
ous democrat  or  republican.     He  wrote,  at  that 
jjcriod,  a  series  of  political  papers,  called  llirni- 
cr's  letters.     On  the  triumph  of  Mr.  Jellerhim  he 
was  appointed  attorney-general,  March  u,  INOl, 
as  successor  of  Charles  Lee,  and  was  succeeded 
by  It.  Breckcnridge,  Dec.  23,  1805.    In  1807  and 
1808  he  was  chosen  lieutenant-governor,  and  on 
the  death  of  Mr.  Sullivan,  acted  as  governor  in  Jan., 


MNTOI.N, 


I.IN'OAN. 


r.2.'> 


ISrtO.  Ili»  Kprcch,  ilcliMTol  iit  ii  (llfflrult  i>olItiral 
ihtIdiI.  ri'iircliriiilin);  tlii'  rointiiiici-  to  tlif  iin- 
l)ar>;it  liiw«,  wnit  not  ri'»|ioii(l<'<l  to  in  xcntimcnt 
liv  till' *»'ii:it(>  aiul  lioiiNc  i  and  in  tlii<  n|irin){  Mr. 
Llnc'iiln.  wli')  wat  a  caniliiiali'  for  llic  olliic  of 
jjdvcriior  a^jainvl  Mr.  (ioic,  failed  to  lie  clcrtcd. 
In  ISHI  Mr.  ("Try  wan  clioscn  >{o\rTiior  and  .Mr. 
(iiiv  licnt. -governor,  lli^^  widow,  .Martha,  died 
nt  U'oici'ittcr  in  Ajiril,  IN:JS,  and  was  followi'd  to 
till'  Kriivo  !))•  two  KoiiM,  then  fjovi'morn,  —  Levi, 
^{ovcrnor  of  MaNNUchuHvttM,  and  Mnocli,  governor 
of  Maino. 

LINCOLN',  I''.N()cn,  governor  of  ^L\inp,  Hon  of 
the  promliiiK.  dii'd  Oit.  H,  IH'JO,  nKod  •!(».  Ho 
was  horn  \)vi:  liH,  17HH,  niul  ImvinK  sludit'd  law, 
Hi'ttiud  in  I'ryi'lnir}?,  Maine,  and  aflcrwfirdN  in 
Paris.  He  was  a  niomhor  of  conf^rcss  from  IN  11) 
to  INL'fi.  Having  hi-cn  I'lcfted  ffovernor,  hu  cn- 
trri'd  upon  the  dnticH  of  liiti  office  in  Jan.,  1827. 
In  the  autmnn  of  the  same  year  and  in  1.S2S  i- 
was  re-elected  ;  hut  at  the  election  in  Sept.,  Ih-'J, 
he  waH  not  n  candidate.  He  died  at  Augusta, 
whither  in  had  health  he  liul  taken  a  journey 
of  tirty  or  si.\ty  miles,  to  deliver  an  address  to  a 
female  academy.  He  was  never  married.  As 
the  (,'overnor  of  the  State  he  maintained  the 
ri)?ht  of  Maine  to  the  whole  controverted  eastern 
territory,  and  denied  tlw  power  of  the  United 
States  to  alienate  it,  whatever  mi}(ht  he  the  deci- 
sion of  the  umpire  to  v-hom  the  dispute  hctwoen 
Oreat  Britain  and  the  United  States  as  to  the 
northeastern  houndary  had  heen  referred.  He 
puhlished,  while  he  lived  at  Fryeburff,  the  villaf^e, 
a  poem,  181C.  The  first  vol.  of  Maine  historical 
collections  contains  a  few  remarks  on  the  Indian 
languages,  and  an  account  of  the  Catholic  mis- 
sions in  Maine,  found  among  his  papers.  —  Spec. 
American  I'oelnj,  II.  303. 

LINCOLN,  Nathaniel,  captain,  a  Revolution- 
ary soldier,  died  at  Windham  in  1834,  aged  105. 

LINCOLN,  llLTll,  widow,  died  in  Mansfield, 
Mass.,  March  27,  1842,  aged  101.  Her  hushand 
had  been  dead  twenty-six  years;  for  his  military 
services  she  received  a  pension  of  100  dollars  a 
year  for  ten  years.     She  left  many  de.Swi  r'rts. 

LINCOLN,  William,  died  at  Worti  •  r  .  ict. 
6,  1843,  aged  42.  The  son  of  Le\i  Lincoln,  he 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1822.  He  studied  law 
with  his  brother,  and  entered  into  business  with 
U.  Newton.  He  edited  the  N;ulonal  iEgis ; 
with  Mr.  Baldwin  he  published  the  Worcester 
magazine.  He  was  an  early  and  efficient  member 
of  the  antiquarian  society,  llis  own  descent  he 
could  trace  from  Samuel  of  Hingham,  Mass.,  who 
came  from  Hingham,  England,  in  1637.  He 
published  an  oration,  1816;  W.  magazine  and 
liistorical  journal,  1826-7 ;  address  on  Mr. 
Baldwin,  1835 ;  history  of  Worcester,  1837.  — 
lUst.  Cull.  X.  3d  series, 

LINCOLN,  TuKODOBE,  judge,  died  at  Dennys- 


ville.  Mo.,  Jimo  t.',  Ih.VJ,  nRrd  W.  A  "on  of 
(ien.  lit  njainin  !,.,  he  was  an  early  Mcttler  of  I)., 
and  was  judge  of  the  court  of  conimon  pleax.  Illit 
father  had  bought  much  eastern  land  of  Judgo 
Lowell  and  others.  Mr.  L.  was  the  father  of 
llenjaniiii  L.,  iirofessor  of  anatomy  and  surgery 
at  Burlington  university,  who  died  in  1n:I,'i,  aged 
32,  being  a  graduate  of  Itowdiiiii  in   IS2^I. 

LINCOLN,  Li  TilLii  B.,  die.l  in  l)eerli<  lil  May 
\\,  IN.j,'),  aged  53,  then  a  nu'niber  of  the  legisla- 
ture, lie  was  a  graduate  of  |N22.  He  was  n 
teacher  in  Sandwich  an<l  (ireenlield,  and  prece|>- 
tor  of  jteerlleld  academy,  and  I)erby  academy  in 
Hingham.  For  thirty  years  he  ardently  devoted 
himself  to  the  work  r'  '"oehing. 

LIND.VLL,  Ti.Mor  iV.  peaker  of  the  house  of 
Massachusetts,  died  at  ;■  rtlem  in  1"()(),  ng<'d  82. 
He  was  the  son  of'l'!niotliy  of  l)uxliury  and  Salem  ; 
and  grandson  of  ,)ames  of  Diixbury,  as  early  as 
1()4(),  who  died  in  1652.  He  gradiuited  at  Har- 
vard in  1695.  and  was  judge  of  the  court  of  com- 
mon ])leas. 

LINDSAY.  William,  colonel  of  the  United 
States  army,  died  at  Huntsville,  Ala.,  in  1838, 
He  was  a  ;,,itive  of  Vi  ,  'uia,  mu' h  respected. 

LINDSLEY,  I'liu  .  1).  1).,  died  of  apoplexy 
at  Nashville,  Teru:  .  \iay  25,  1H55  ;  lie  was  at- 
tending, as  a  dele;; ate  from  New  Albany,  the  old 
school  .  :;"ral  assembly.  He  .■  as  once  a  pro- 
fessor 1. 1  I'l!  \cet('n  college,  tlici.  president  of  the 
univer^  'y  of  Nashville.  He  died  in  the  midst  of 
his  children,  in  the  place  where  he  spent  the 
years  of  his  manhood.  He  published  a  plea  for 
the  theological  seminary  at  Princeton  ;  discourses 
on  the  im])rovement  of  time,  1823;  baccalaureate 
address,  1831. 

LINTS,  Hkxuy,  a  Bojjtist  minister,  died  in 
New  Haven,  Conn.,  in  1835,  nged  52. 

LINGAN,  Jamks  Maccuui.v,  general,  a  victim 
to  a  mob,  was  a  native  of  Maryland,  and  an  offi- 
cer of  the  Revolutionary  army ;  he  fought  in  the 
battle  of  Long  Island.  At  the  .surrender  of  fort 
Washington  he  was  taken  jirisoner  and  shared  in 
the  sufferings  of  the  horrible  ])nson  sliie.  At 
the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to  Cieorgetown, 
of  which  jiort  he  was  appointed  by  Washington 
the  collector.  For  several  years  before  his  death 
he  lived  retired  in  the  country ,  ha])py  in  domestic 
life.  He  was  murdered  by  a  mob  at  Baltimore, 
his  brains  being  beaten  out  with  clubs,  July  28, 
1812,  aged  about  60.  The  following  is  a  brief 
history  of  the  event.  The  war  had  just  been 
declared  against  Great  Britain.  In  June,  Mr. 
Hanson  had  published  something  in  his  Federal 
Republican,  which  so  irritated  the  populace,  that 
they  destroyed  the  printuig-oflice.  Mr.  II.,  re- 
solving to  issue  his  ])aper  anew,  took  possession 
of  a  house  on  Sunday,  July  26,  snpi)orted  by  a 
number  of  his  zealous  political  friends,  well 
armed.    The  next  morning  the  paper  was  issued. 


M 


526 


LINING. 


LINN. 


■!  II 


ill 


containinp^  animadversions  on  the  police  and  peo- 
ple of  Haltimore ;  in  the  evening  the  house  was 
attacked,  but,  assisted  liy  Gens.  Lingan  and  Lee 
and  about  twenty  others,  he  repelled  the  assault 
by  firing  upon  the  assailants,  killing  Dr.  Gale  and 
wounding  others.  In  the  morning  of  the  28th, 
the  gentlemen  in  the  house  found  it  necessary 
for  their  security  to  surrender  to  tlie  civil  au- 
thority, and  were  conducted  to  jail.  In  the 
evenir'T  of  the  same  day  a  bloodthirsty  mob 
forced  the  jail,  and  killed  Gen.  Lingan  and 
dreadfully  mangled  eleven  others.  A  few  es- 
caped in  the  crowd.  Eight  of  the  wounded 
were  thrown  together  in  front  of  the  jail,  sujv 
nosed  to  be  dead.  Of  this  number  were  Mr. 
Uanson  and  Gen.  Lee.  Dr.  Hall  preserved  them 
by  persuading  the  mob  to  intrust  the  supposed 
dead  bodies  to  his  care.  He  removed  them 
first  to  the  jail  room,  and  then  to  ])laces  of  safety. 

LINING,  John,  M.  D.,  an  eminent  j)hysiciar 
and  philosopher  of  South  Carolina,  died  in  1760. 
He  was  born  in  Scotland  in  1708,  and  received  an 
excellent  education.  He  came  to  America  about 
the  year  1730.  He  corresponded  with  Dr. 
Franklin  on  the  subject  of  electricity,  and  was  the 
fii'st  person  who  introduced  an  elect  -'cal  appa- 
ratus into  Charleston.  He  practised  physic  in 
Charleston  nearly  thirty  years,  and  was  reckoned 
one  of  its  most  skilful  physicians.  He  published 
a  series  of  judicious  statical  experiments,  which 
were  conducted  from  1738  to  1742.  In  1753  ho 
published  a  history  of  the  yellow  fever,  wliich  was 
the  first  account  of  that  disease  that  was  given  to 
the  world  from  the  American  continent.  —  il/i7- 
ler,  II.  364, 

LINN,  William,  D.  D.,  minister  in  New  York, 
died  at  Albany,  Jan.,  1808,  aged  55.  He  was 
bom  in  1752,  and  was  graduated  at  the  college 
of  New  Jersey  in  1772.  He  was  at  first  connected 
with  the  Presbyterian  church  in  Pennsylvania. 
During  the  war  of  the  Revolution  he  was  chap- 
lain in  the  army.  A  few  years  after  the  peace  he 
attached  himself  to  the  Reformed  Dutch  church, 
and  settled  in  the  city  of  New  York.  He  was 
finally  constrained  to  resign  his  pastoral  charge 
by  indisposition,  though  his  friends  regarded  his 
complaints  as  imaginary.  Before  disease  broke 
down  his  strength,  he  was  distinguished  and  use- 
ful. His  eloquence  was  for  the  most  part  natural, 
impressive,  and  commanding,  though  at  times  he 
had  too  much  vehemence  in  liis  manner.  He 
married  a  daughter  of  Rev.  John  Blair.  One  of 
his  daughters  married  Chas.  L  Brown  ;  another, 
Simeon  De  Witt.  The  followii  g  are  his  jjublica- 
tions :  a  military  discourse,  deli  /ered  in  Carlisle, 
1776;  the  spiritual  death  and  l.fe  of  the  behever, 
and  the  character  and  misery  of  the  wicked,  two 
sermons  in  American  preacher,  i.  j  a  sermon  on 
American  indej)cndencc,  1791 ;  sermons  histori- 
cal and  charactcristical,  12mo.,  1791 ;  at  a  fast, 


1798;  0  funeral  eulogy  on  Washington,  1800. — 
PannpUst,  III.  131,432;  Life  of  J.  li.  Linn,  1. 

LIN.X,  Joi/N  15I.AIU.  ]).  1).,  a  jioct,  and  minis- 
ter in  Philadelphia,  the  son  of  the  ])rcccding, 
was  born  in  Shippensburgh,  Pcnn.,  March  14, 
1777.  He  early  evinced  a  strong  attachment  to 
books.  At  the  age  of  thirteen  he  returned  from 
a  seminary  in  Flatinish  on  Long  Island,  where  ho 
had  j)assed  two  or  three  years  in  the  full  enjoy- 
ment of  health,  and  delighted  with  the  beauties 
of  nature.  He  now  entered  Columbia  college, 
and  engaged  in  a  new  scene,  being  subject  to  new 
discipline  and  interested  by  new  associates. 
During  the  four  years  which  he  passed  in  the  col- 
lege, he  evinced  a  powerful  tendency  to  poetry 
and  criticism.  Admiring  the  great  works  of  ;ho 
dramatic  writers,  it  was  natural  for  him,  when  un- 
restrained by  deep  scriou-^ness,  and  in  a  city, 
where  there  is  an  established  theatre,  to  hasten 
where  he  ini-rht  behold  these  works  invested  with 
the  charms  of  life  and  action  on  the  stage.  But 
though  the  theatre  became  his  chief  passion,  lie 
was  not  seduced  into  vicious  jjleasures.  When 
his  academical  career  was  ended,  he  was  eighteen 
years  of  age,  and  his  choice  of  a  profession  fell 
upon  the  law.  He  was  jilaccd  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Alexander  Hamilton,  who  was  the  friend 
of  his  father ;  but  he  did  not  apply  himself  with 
much  assiduity  to  his  new  ])ursuit.  He  regarded 
the  legal  science  every  day  with  new  indifference, 
and  at  the  close  of  the  first  year  relinquished  the 
jirofession  altogether.  Before  this  event  he  ven- 
tured to  produce  a  new  dramatic  comjiositioii, 
called  Bourville  Castle,  on  the  stage.  Its  success 
waa  encouraging ;  but  other  objects  now  claimed 
his  attention,  and  his  dramatic  career  was  entirely 
renounced.-  His  jiassion  for  theatrical  amuse- 
ments yielded  to  affections  of  a  more  serious  and 
beneficial  nature,  and  those  religious  im])ressions, 
which  from  his  earUcst  infancy  ho  had  occasion- 
ally felt,  now  sunk  permanently  into  liis  heart. 
He  was  ordained,  June  13,  1799,  as  the  colleague 
of  llev.  Dr.  Ewing  of  Philadelphia.  The  two 
succeeding  years  of  his  life  were  passed  in  dili- 
gent and  successful  a])plication  to  the  duties  of 
the  pastoral  office,  which  were  rendered  more  ar- 
duous by  the  increasing  infirmities  of  his  vener- 
able colleague.  In  the  summer  of  1802  his  con- 
stitution sufl'ered  irreparable  mischief  from  a  fever. 
His  brain  afterwards  was  frequently  seized  with 
dizziness,  which  was  followed  by  a  heavy  dejjrcs- 
sion  of  mind.  He  struggled  manfully  with  his 
infirmity,  but  his  strength  was  wasting,  and  he 
was  sinldng  into  the  earth. 

The  gloom  which  hovered  over  his  mind  be- 
came deeper  and  more  settled.  He  could  look 
beyond  the  grave  without  fear,  but  the  terrors  of 
death  were  almost  insu])i)ortable.  In  the  summer 
of  1804  he  was  induced  to  take  a  journey  to  the 
eastern  States.    The  images  of  melancholy,  the 


LINN. 

gloom,  the  despondence,  tlie  terror,  which  he  had 
before  felt,  still,  however,  nttended  him.  lie  re- 
turned to  Philadelphia  in  July.  Aug.  30th,  he 
arose  with  less  indisposition  than  usual.  On  the 
evening  of  that  day  he  had  scarcely  laid  his  head 
ujjon  the  jjillow,  when  he  said  to  his  wife :  "  I  feel 
something  burst  within  me.  Call  the  family 
tocether ;  I  am  dying."  A  stream  of  blood  now 
choked  his  utterance.  But  aficr  a  short  interval 
he  recovered  strength  to  exclaim  with  fervency, 
clasping  his  hands  and  lifting  his  eyes,  "Lord 
Jesus,  pardon  my  trangressions,  and  receive  my 
soul ! "  Such  was  the  termination  of  his  life,  Aug. 
30,  1804. 

He  prepared  for  the  press  and  published  soon 
after  he  left  college,  without  his  name,  2  volumes 
of  miscellanies  in  ])rose  and  verse,  12mo.  His 
poem  on  the  death  of  Washington  was  written  in 
imitation  of  the  manner  of  Ossian,  and  published 
in  1800  J  and  liis  powers  of  genius  in  1801  ;  a 
funeral  sermon  on  Dr.  Ewing,  1808;  his  two 
tracts  in  the  controversy  with  Dr.  Priestley,  1802. 
Alter  his  death  there  was  published  from  his  man- 
uscripts. Valerian,  a  narrative  poem,  intended  in 
part  to  describe  the  early  persecutions  of  Chris- 
tians, and  rapidly  to  illustr;ue  the  influence  of 
Christianity  on  the  manners  of  nations,  4to., 
1805.  Prefixed  to  this  is  a  sketch  of  Dr.  Linn's 
life  by  Mr.  Brown,  written  in  a  style  of  uncom- 
mon excellence. —  nis  Life  in  Valerian;  Port- 
folio, new  series,  i.  21-29,  129-134,  195-203; 
Blair's  Funeral  Sermon. 

LINN,  JouN,  died  at  BeWdere,  N.  J.,  in  1841, 
aged  108 ;  a  native  of  Maryland.  lie  was  a  car- 
penter, and  assisted  in  building  a  log  court-house 
near  Washington  city. 

LINN,  Lkwis  F.,  died  at  St.  Genevieve,  Mo., 
in  1843,  aged  49.  He  was  a  physician,  and  a 
senator  of  the  United  States,  born  near  Louis- 
ville, Ky.  Mr.  Benton,  in  a  speech,  delineated 
his  character.  —  Williams'  Am.  Med.  Diog. 

LINSLEY,  James  II.,  died  in  Stratford,  Conn., 
Dec.  20,  1843.  He  was  a  native  of  Brandford, 
and  a  graduate  of  1817.  For  several  years  he 
was  a  Baptist  minister,  till  his  health  failed.  Di- 
recting his  attention  to  natural  history,  he  pub- 
lished various  communications  in  the  American 
Journal  of  Science ;  a  catalogue  of  mammalia  in 
vol.  XLiii.,  and  of  birds  in  vol.  XLIV. 

LIPPITT,  Charles,  died  at  Providence  Aug., 
1845,  aged  91 ;  an  officer  of  the  Ilevolution,  a 
good  citizen,  and  a  Christian. 

LISLE,  Henry  M.,  a  native  of  the  West  Indies, 
died  at  Tortola  in  1814.  lie  resided  at  Milton, 
Mass.,  and  practised  law.  He  published  an  ora- 
tion on  the  death  of  Washington,  1800  j  Milton 
liill,  a  poem ;  a  masonic  address,  1805. 

LISPCOMB,  James,  lunjor,  died  in  Columbus, 
Miss.,  ill  1850,  aged  55,  president  of  the  State 


LITTLE. 


527 


senate.    He  was  esteemed  for  his  large  and  lib- 
eral mind. 

LITCHFIELD,  Pail,  minister  of  Carlisle, 
Mass.,  die<l  in  1827,  aged  75.  Born  in  Scituatc, 
ho  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1775,  and  was  or- 
dained in  1781.  He  published  u  sermon  to  mis- 
sionary society,  1805.  —  S]ira</ii('.i  Annal.'i. 

LITCHFIELD,  Josu'il,  minister  in  Kittery, 
Me.,  died  in  1828,  aged  78.  Born  in  Seituate,  ho 
graduatidat  Brown  university  in  1773,  and  was 
settled  in  the  second  church  in  17S2. 

LITCHFIELD,  Fn.\NKMN,  Dr.,  died  at  Puerto 
Cabello,  where  he  was  U.  S.  consul,  in  1844,  aged 
about  59.  He  was  the  son  of  Bev.  Paul  L.,  and 
a  descendant,  in  the  seventh  generation,  of  Law- 
rence L.,  who  removed  soon  after  1043  from 
Barnstable  to  Seituate.  He  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1810. 

LITTELL,  William,  LL.  D.,  died  in  Frank- 
fort, Ky.,  in  1824.  He  was  reporter  of  the  de- 
cisions of  the  court  of  appeals,  the  compiler  of 
Littell's  laws  of  Kentucky. 

LITTLE,  Ei'lIRAlM,  minister  of  Plymouth,  died 
Nov.  28,  1723,  aged  47.  Born  in  Seituate,  he 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1695,  and  was  ordained 
the  successor  of  Mr.  Cotton,  Oct.  4,  1G99,  havhig 
first  preached  there  two  years.  He  was  succeeded 
by  Mr.  Leonard.  He  was  active  and  useful,  gen- 
erous and  charitable. 

LITTLE,  Ei'iiiuni,  minister  of  Colchester, 
Conn.,  died  in  1787,  aged  about  80.  A  descen- 
dant of  Thomas,  who  early  lived  in  Plymouth,  ho 
was  the  son  of  David,  a  lawyer  of  Seituate,  Mass., 
and  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1728.  He  was  or- 
dahied  in  1732.  —  Sprayiic's Annals. 

LITTLE,  Daniel,  minister  of  Kennebunk,  Me., 
died  in  1801,  aged  77.  Born  in  Newburyport,  he 
was  educated  under  Mr.  Sewall,  but  obtained  an 
honorary  degree  from  Cambridge  in  1700.  lie 
was  for  half  a  century  jiastor  of  the  second  church 
hi  Wells.  He  was  cheerful  and  sociable,  and  vis- 
ited liis  people  from  house  to  house.  He  disliked 
controversy.  A  fifth  of  his  income  he  spent  in 
hosjjitaUty  and  charity.  He  sometimes  acted  aa 
a  missionary  in  the  new  plantations.  N.  11. 
Fletcher  became  his  colleague  in  1800. 

LITTLF,  Harvey  ]).,  a  lawyer,  was  l.orn  at 
Wethersfield,  Conn.,  in  1803.  For  several  years 
he  followed  the  business  of  a  printer  and  editor 
in  Ohio,  and  afterwards  entered  the  jirofession  of 
the  law.  He  died  at  Columbus  Aug.  22,  1833, 
aged  30.  lie  edited  the  eclectic  and  mecUcal 
botanist. 

LITTLE,  Moses,  a  distinguished  physician  of 
Salem,  was  a  descendant  of  George  L.,  who  lived 
in  Newburyport  in  1040.  He  was  born  there  in 
17G0,  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1787,  and 
died  at  Salem  Oct.  13,  1811,  aged  45.  He  and 
Ills  wife,  the  daughter  of  George  AVilliams,  and 


528 


LITTLE. 


LIVINGSTON. 


two  childron,  were  the  victims  of  the  consumption. 
In  liis  Hurgical  practice  lie  once  successfully  punc- 
tured the  liver.  —  Thacher. 

LI'lTLE,  EZEKIEI.,  died  in  Atkinson,  N.  11.,  in 
1840,  aged  77.  lie  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1784,  and  was  for  many  years  thepojiular  teacher 
of  the  Eliot  school  in  Boston. 

LITTLE,  EdwauI),  died  in  Danville,  Me.,  Sept. 
21,  1849,  aged  76 )  for  years  a  lawyer  of  New- 
buryport.  From  Portland  he  removed  to  D., 
where  he  throve  by  the  good  management  of  real 
estate,  derived  from  his  father.  He  endowed  an 
academy,  and  contributed  liberally  for  charitable 
and  religious  objects. 

UTTLEJOHN,  John,  a  Methodist  minister, 
died  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  in  1836,  aged  82. 

LIl'TLEPAGE,  Lewis,  an  adventurer,  died 
July  19,  1802,  aged  39.  He  was  born  at  South 
"Wales,  Hanover  co.,  Va.,  Dec.  19,  1762,  and  lost 
his  father  when  he  was  young.  At  the  request 
of  his  uncle,  Benjamin  Lewis,  Mr.  Jay,  minister 
at  Madrid,  was  induced  to  patronize  him,  and  re- 
ceived him  into  his  family  in  Sept.,  1780,  and 
soon  advanced  for  him,  as  his  uncle  failed  to  make 
him  a  remittance,  about  1,000  dollars,  in  cash. 
He  volunteered  under  the  Duke  De  Crillon  in 
the  expedition  against  Minorca  in  1781,  and  af- 
terwards accompanied  the  Count  Nassau  to  the 
siege  of  Gibraltar,  and  thence  to  Constantinople 
and  Warsaw.  The  king  of  Poland  made  him  his 
confidential  secretary  in  1786,  and  sent  him  as 
his  agent  or  ambassador  to  llussia.  On  the  rev- 
olution in  Poland  he  returned  to  Virginia,  and 
died  at  Fredericksburg.  When  he  was  at  New 
"York,  in  Nov.,  1785,  Mr.  Jay  arrested  him  for 
the  debt  of  1,000  dollars,  without  interest,  which 
was  still  unpaid.  For  this  he  challenged  Mr. 
Jay.  The  correspondence  between  him  and  Mr. 
Jay  was  published  in  1786.  Jlr.  Jay  had  reason 
to  comjilain,  not  only  of  the  pecuniary  imposition, 
but  also  of  other  abuse,  as  he  expresses  himself, 
from  the  young  man  "  with  my  money  in  his 
pocket  and  my  meat  still  sticking  in  his  teeth." 

LITTLE  TURTLE,  an  Indian  chief,  was  de- 
feated by  General  Wayne  in  1792,  on  the  Miami. 
The  confederated  Indians  were  Wyandots,  Miamis, 
Pottowattoniies,  Delawares,  Shawanoes,  Chippe- 
was,  Ottcivays,  and  some  Senecas.  He  lived 
many  ycins  afterwards,  and  was  esteemed  and 
respected  for  his  courage  and  humanity,  his  wis- 
dom and  consistency.  He  did  much  to  abolish 
the  horrible  custom  of  human  sacrifices.  His 
grave  is  near  fort  Wayne. 

LIVERMOKE,  Samuel,  LL.  D.,  chief  justice 
of  New  IIami)shire,  died  in  May,  1803,  aged  71. 
He  was  jirobably  a  descendant  of  John  L.,  who 
lived  in  Watertown  in  1G42 ;  and  was  born  in 
Waltham  about  1732.  He  graduated  at  Prince- 
ton in  17*32,  was  judge-advocate  of  the  admiralty 
>,ourt  before  the  Revolution,  from  1782  to  1790 


was  a  judge  of  the  superior  court,  and  a  senator 
of  the  United  States  from  1793  to  1801.  He 
died  at  llolderncss.  His  wife  was  the  daughter 
of  A.  Browne,  of  Portsmouth.  His  sons,  Edward 
St.  Loe  and  Arthur,  were  judges  of  the  same 
court.  —  Farmer. 

LrVERMORE,  AimirR,  judge,  died  in  Camp- 
ton,  N.  II.,  July  1,  1853,  aged  nearly  67,  being 
born  in  Londonderry  July  26,  1776.  From  1799 
to  1816  he  was  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of 
New  Hampshire,  afterwards  a  member  of  con- 
gress, and  from  1825  to  1833  a  judge  of  the 
common  pleas.  He  was  a  son  of  Judge  Sam- 
uel L. 

LIVINGSTON,  Rohert,  first  possessor  of  the 
manor  of  Livingston,  in  the  State  of  New  York, 
and  founder  of  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
families  in  this  country,  was  the  son  of  Jolm  L., 
who  received  the  degree  of  A.  M.  at  Glasgow  in 
1621,  and  was  the  minister  of  Ancrum  ;  but,  re- 
fusing to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  in  1663,  was 
banished,  and  removed  to  Rotterdam,  where  he 
was  a  minister  of  the  Scot's  chapel,  and  died  Aug, 
9,  1672,  aged  69.  Robert  L,  was  born  at  An- 
crum in  1654,  and  came  to  this  country  with  his 
nephew  about  1672.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
council  in  1698.  His  wife  was  the  sister  of  Peter 
Schuyler,  and  the  widow  of  Nicholas  Van  Rens- 
selaer. He  left  three  sons  :  Philij),  Robert,  and 
Gilbert.  A  Mr.  Livingston,  perhaps  Jlr.  R.  L., 
who  was  many  years  speaker  of  the  assembly  of 
New  York,  died  at  Boston  Oct.  1,  1728. 

LIVINGSTON,  Peter  Van  Brugii,  a  native 
of  New  Y'ork,  was  graduated  at  Yale  college  in 
1731,  and  was  long  distinguished  as  a  judicious, 
well-informed,  and  public-spirited  man.  He  died 
at  an  advanced  age.  —  Miller,  ii.  345. 

LIVINGSTON,  Philip,  a  patriot  of  the  Rev- 
olution, grandson  of  Robert  L,,  died  June  12, 
1778,  aged  nearly  62.  He  was  the  fourth  son  of 
Philip  L.,  who  inherited  the  manor  of  Livings- 
ton. He  was  born  at  Albany  Jan.  15,  1716,  and 
was  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1737,  and  soon 
afterwards  settled  in  New  York,  where  he  en- 
gaged prosperously  in  commercial  ])ursuits.  In 
1754  he  was  elected  an  alderman  ;  the  population 
of  the  city  was  then  only  about  ten  thousand.  In 
1759  he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  assembly, 
the  whole  colony  having  only  one  hundred  thou- 
sand inhabitants.  He  exerted  an  important  in- 
fluence in  promoting  measures  for  the  prosecution 
of  the  French  war,  and  also  for  advancing  the 
interests  of  agriculture  and  commerce.  In  17G4, 
in  the  answer  to  a  sjieech  of  Lieutenant-Governor 
Golden,  which  he  wrote,  he  spoke  of  "  that  great 
badge  of  English  lii)erty,  of  lieing  ta.\ed  only 
with  our  own  consent."  In  1770,  when  Edmund 
Burke  was  agent  of  the  colony  in  London,  Mr. 
Livingston,  as  chairman  of  the  committee  of  the 
legislature,  conducted  the  correspondence  with 


LIVINOSTON. 


LIVIXGSTON. 


529 


him.  lie  was  chosen  a  member  of  conp^rrss  in 
1774,  and  n^ain  in  1776,  wlien  he  sif,iH'(l  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  arid  also  in  1777. 
It  was  in  a  Rtate  of  ill  health,  from  the  dropsy  in 
the  chest,  that  he  took  his  scat  in  confjrcss  at 
York,  Penn.,  May  5,  177H.  He  had  visited  his 
friends  in  Albany,  and  bid  adieu  to  his  family  at 
Kingston,  whither  they  had  been  obliginl  to  ilcc 
from  the  city.  His  health  rajmlly  declined. 
During  his  few  List  days  his  son,  Henry  rhilij), 
then  a  member  of  Wasliington's  family,  was  with 
him.  His  wife  was  the  daughter  of  Col.  Dirck 
Ten  Broeck,  by  whom  he  had  several  children. 
He  firmly  believed  the  truths  of  Christianity,  and 
was  a  humble  follower  of  the  Saviour.  By  a  do- 
nation in  money  in  1746  he  laid  the  foundation  of 
the  professorship  of  dinnity  at  Yale  college.  — 
Goodrich's  Lives. 

LIVINGSTON,  William,  LL.  J).,  governor  of 
New  Jersey,  brother  of  Philij)  L.,  died  July  25, 
1790,  aged   67.     He  was  born   about   the   year 
1741.    He  afterwards  pursued  the  study  of  the 
law.     Possessing  from  the  gift  of  God  a  strong 
and  comprehensive  mind,  a  brilliant  imagination, 
and  a  retentive  memory,  and  improving  with  un- 
weared  diligence  the  literary  advantages  wliich  he 
enjoyed,  he  soon  rose  to  eminence  in  his  jjrofes- 
sion.    He  early  embraced  the  cause  of  civil  and 
reli^j'aus  liberty.     When  Great  Britain  advanced 
her  arbitrary  claims,  he  cmi)loycd  his  ])en  in  oji- 
posing  them  and  in  vindicating  the  rights  of  his 
countrymen.     After  sustaining  somn  important 
offices  in  New  York  he  removed  to  New  Jersey, 
and  as  a  representative  of  this  State  was  one  of 
the  principal  members  of  the  first  congress  in 
1774.    After  the  inhabitants  of  Now  Jersey  had 
sent  their  governor,  William  Franklin,  under  a 
strong  guard  to  Connecticut,  and  had  formed  a 
new  constitution  in  July,  1770,  Mr.  Livingston 
was  elected  the  first  chief  magistrate,  and  such 
was  his  integrity  and  republican  virtue,  that  he 
was  annually  re-elected  till  his  death.     During 
the  war  he  bent  his  exertions  to  support  the  in- 
dcjiendence  of  his  country.    By   the  keenness 
and  severity  of  his  political  writings  he  exasper- 
ated the  British,  who  distinguished  him  as  an  ob- 
ject of  their  peculiar  hatred.     His  pen  had  no  in- 
considerable influence  in  exciting  that  indignation 
and  zeal  which  rendered  the  militia  of  New  Jer- 
sey 80  remarkable  for  the  alacrity  with  which,  on 
any  alarm,  they  arrayed  themselves  agi>inst  the 
common  enemy.     He  was  in  1787  a  delegate  to 
the  grand  convention  which  formed  the  constitu- 
tion of  the  United  States.    After  having  sustained 
the  office  of  governor  for  finirteen  years,  with  great 
honor  to  himself  and  usefulness  to  the  State,  lie 
died  at  his  seat  near  Elizabethtown.     He  was  suc- 
ceeded by  William  Patterson.    Judge  Brockholst 
L.  was  his  son.     Mr.  Jay  married  his  daughter. 
Governor  Livingston  was  from  Ills  .youth  re- 
67 


markably  ])lain  and  simple  in  liis  dress  and  man- 
ners.   Always  the  enemy  of  parade,  he  never 
exhibited  himself  in  s])leiidnr.     He  was  convivial, 
easy,  mild,  witty,  and  fond  of  anecdote.     Fixed 
and  unshaken  in  Christian  principles,  his  life  pre- 
sented an  example  of  incorni])tible  integrity,  strict 
honor,  and  warm  benevolence.     He  obeyed  the 
|)rece])ts  of  the  gos])el,  and,  in  the  opinion  of  his 
Christian  friends,  was  sincerely  ])ious.     He  relied 
for  salvation  solely  upon  the  merits  of  Christ.    In 
his  jiolitical  ])rinciples  he  was  j)urely  republican, 
having  an  abliorrence  of  the  monarchical  form  of 
government.       He   was    pn    excellent    classical 
scholar.     His  writings  evince  a  vigorous  mind  and 
a  refined  taste.    Intimately  acquainted  with  the 
celebrated  writers  of  his  day  and  of  the  jjreccd- 
ing  age,  he  acquired  en  elegance  of  style  which 
l)laced  him  among  the  first  of  modem  writers. 
He   was  unequalled  in  satire.     He  j)ublished  a 
poem,  called  philo.wphical  solitude ;  a  funeral  eu- 
logium  on  President  Burr,  17.58,  which  is  consid- 
ered as  a  fine  specimen  of  eloquence ;  a  letter  to 
the  bishoj)  of  Landaff,  occasioned  by  some  pas- 
sages in  his  sermon,  17G7  ;  and  a  number  of  mis- 
cellaneous  tracts,   in    various    j)eriodical   works. 
The  review  of  the  military  operations  of  1753- 
1750,  ascribed  to  him  and   W.  Smith  and  Scott, 
'vhich  is  in  Massachusetts  historical  collections, 
VII.,  a   litcary  gentleman  of  Philadelphia  has 
said  was  not  written  by  them.     His  son,  William 
Livingston,  issued  proposals,  a  few  years  ago,  for 
]niblishing  memoirs  of  his  life,  with  his  misceljor 
neous  writings,  in  prose  and  verse  ;  but  the  work  ' 
was  not  given  to  the  public.  —  MacwJiorier's  Fii- 
neral  Sermon ;  Miller's  Ilrtrospcct,  n.  369. 

LIVINGSTON,  liuBERT  R.,  chancellor  of  the 
State  of  New  York,  died  Feb.  26,  1813,  aged 
00.  He  was  born  Nov.  27,  1746.  His  grand- 
fatiier,  Robert  I/.,  was  the  second  son  of  the  first 
owner  of  I^ivingston's  man<jr,  and  died  at  Cler- 
mont June  27,  1775,  aged  88  ;  his  fiuher,  Robert 
Livingston,  was  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court, 
who  died  at  Clermont  Dec.  9,  17  ?5,  aged  58;  his 
mother  was  Margaret  Beekman.  He  was  grad- 
uated at  King's  college.  New  York,  in  1765. 
Having  studied  law  with  Wm.  Smith,  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  Gov.  Tryon  recorder  of  the  city ;  an 
office  which  he  resigned  at  the  beginning  of  the 
Revolution.  In  April,  1775,  he  was  elected  fiom 
Duchess  county  to  the  assembly.  In  1770  he 
was  a  member  of  congress,  and  was  placed  on  the 
committee  with  Jefferson,  Adams,  Franklin,  and 
Sherman,  for  drawing  up  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  and  on  other  important  commit- 
tees. In  Aug.,  1781,  he  was  appointed  secretary 
for  foreign  affairs  ;  and  he  commenced  his  duties 
Oct.  20th.  The  foreign  concerns  of  congress  had 
been  previously  conducted  by  the  committee  of 
secret  correspondence.  He  was  diligent,  prompt, 
and  energetic.    Domestic  affairs  were   also  in 


I 
1 


530 


LIVDfGSTON. 


LIVINGSTON. 


part  intrusted  to  him.  His  valuable  correspon- 
dence is  published  in  the  diplomatic  correspon- 
dence, edited  by  Jarsd  Sparks.  On  liis  resigna- 
tion in  1783  he  received  the  thanks  of  congress, 
and  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Jay.  Under  the  new 
constitution  of  New  York,  which  he  assisted  in 
forming  as  chairman  of  the  committee,  he  was 
appointed  chancellor,  and  continued  in  that  place 
till  1801.  In  1788  he  was  chairman  of  the  State 
convention  which  adojjted  the  federal  constitution, 
uniting  his  efforts  at  t'at  time  with  those  of  Jay 
and  Hamilton.  In  ii\)i,  on  his  dcclinmg  the 
place  of  minister  to  )  rar.c,  \vhich  Washington  of- 
fered him,it  was  givfii  to  AT'.  Monroe.  But  in  1801 
he  was  induced  to  ',aoci.ed  as  minister  plenipo- 
tentiary to  Paris,  appointed  by  Mr.  Jefferson.  By 
the  first  consul  he  was  received  with  respect,  and, 
after  his  mission  had  closed.  Napoleon  presented 
him  with  a  splendid  snuff-box,  with  a  miniature  of 
himself  by  Isabey.  Assisted  by  Mr.  Monroe,  he 
made  the  very  important  purchase  of  Louisiana, 
for  15,000,000  of  dollars.  In  Paris  he  formed  an 
intimacy  with  llobert  Fulton,  whom  he  assisted 
by  his  counsels  and  money.  After  his  resigna- 
tion and  the  arrival  of  Gen.  Armstrong,  his  suc- 
cessor, he  travelled  in  Italy,  Switzerland,  and  Ger- 
many, returning  to  his  seat,  called  Clermont,  on 
the  Hudson,  in  June,  1805.  He  rebuilt  a  ven- 
erable old  mansion,  his  summer  residence,  on 
an  ample  patrimonial  estate,  called  the  upper 
Livingston's  manor,  and  devoted  the  rest  of  his 
days  to  the  promotion  of  improvement'"  in  agri- 
culture and  the  arts.  He  caus.d  the  introduction 
of  steam  navigation  in  this  country.  He  intro- 
duced the  merino  sheep  in  New  York,  and  the  use 
of  gypsum ;  of  an  agricultural  society,  and  of  the 
academy  of  fine  arts,  he  was  a  president.  He 
died  suddenly  at  Clermont.  His  widow,  Maria, 
died  at  Washington  in  March,  1814.  He  pub- 
lished an  oration  before  the  Cincinnati,  1787;  an 
address  to  the  society  for  promoting  the  arts, 
1808;  essays  on  agriculture;  a  work  on  the 
merino  sheep. 

LIVINGSTON,  John  XL,  D.D.,  president  of 
Uueen's  college.  New  Jersey,  died  Jan.  29,  1825, 
aged  78.  He  was  born  at  Ponghkeepsie,  N.  Y., 
in  1746,  and  graduated  at  Y'ale  college  in  1762. 
In  May,  1776,  he  went  to  Holland  to  prosecute 
his  theological  studies  in  the  university  of  Utrecht, 
^  'lere  he  resided  about  four  years,  obtaining  the 
d. '^rec  of  doctor  in  theology  in  1770,  in  which 
year  he  returned  to  this  country  and  became  the 
pastor  of  the  Dutch  Ileformed  church  in  the  city 
of  New  York.  At  this  jieriod  the  Dutch  churches 
in  this  country  were  divided  into  the  Conferentie 
and  the  Coetus  parties  ;  by  the  efforts  of  Dr.  Liv- 
ingston a  happy  union  was  effected  in  1772,  and 
the  Dutch  churches  became  independent  of  the 
classis  of  Amsterdam.  For  this  independence  he 
had  negotiated  while  in  Holland.     In    1784  he 


was  appointed  theological  professor  in  the  Dutch 
church.  The  duties  of  minister  and  professor  he 
performed  till  1810,  when,  on  the  removal  of  the 
theological  school  to  Queen's  college.  New 
Brunswick,  he  was  appointed  the  president  of  the 
college,  in  which  j)laco  he  remained  till  his  death. 
His  father  was  Henry,  his  grandfather  was  Gil- 
bert L.,  son  of  llobert.  His  wife  was  a  daughter  of 
P.  Livingston ;  one  of  her  sisters  married  S.  Van 
Ilensselaer ;  another  was  the  mother  of  Mrs.  I). 
Clinton.  He  was  eminently  learned,  pious,  and 
useful.  lie  published  two  sermons  on  growth  in 
grace  in  American  preacher,  vol.  i.;  sanctuary 
blessings,  vol.  ill.;  before  New  York  missionary 
society,  1799;  address  at  the  commencement  at 
Queen's  college,  1810. —  Observer,  March  20, 
1851. 

LIVINGSTON,  Brockholst,  LL.  D.,  judge 
of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States,  died 
March  18,  1823,  aged  05.  He  was  the  son  of 
Gov.  William  L.  of  New  Jersey,  and  was  born  in 
New  York  Nov.  25,  1757.  He  was  graduated 
at  Princeton  college  in  1774;  and  in  1776 
entered  the  family  of  Gen.  Schuyler,  commander 
of  the  northern  army,  and  was  afterwards  at- 
tached to  the  suite  of  Arnold,  at  the  time  of  the 
capture  of  Burgoyne.  In  1779,  when  Mr.  Jay, 
who  had  married  liis  sister,  rei.'dred  to  the  court 
of  Spain,  he  accompanied  him  as  his  private  sec- 
retary. After  an  absence  of  three  years  Col. 
Livingston  returned  and  studied  law.  He  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  April,  1783;  was  appointed 
judge  of  the  State  supreme  court  Jan.  8,  1802 ; 
and  in  Nov.,  1806,  was  appointed,  in  the  place  of 
Mr.  Patterson,  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
United  States.  He  died  at  Washington  during  a 
session  of  the  court.  His  daughter,  Louisa  C, 
died  Feb.,  1807,  aged  16.  It  is  said  that,  having 
killed  a  man  in  a  duel  in  early  life,  the  recollec- 
tion of  the  deed  imbittered  the  remainder  of  his 
days.  His  mind  was  acute  and  powerful,  and  he 
was  distinguished  as  a  scholar  and  jurist. 

LIVINGSTON,  Henry,  general,  a  soldier  of 
the  Revolution,  was  born  at  Livingston  manor 
Jan.  19,  1752.  He  joined  his  country  in  the 
struggle  for  liberty ,  accompanying  a  detachment 
of  militia  from  his  native  county,  he  acted  as 
lieutenant-colonel  at  the  capture  of  Burgoyne. 
He  died  at  his  residence  in  the  manor  of  Livings- 
ton, May  26,  1823,  aged  71,  and  his  remains  were 
placed  in  the  family  vault.  The  poor  and  indus- 
trious experienced  his  benevolence  and  liberality. 
He  was  a  friend  to  the  people,  aiming  always  to 
secure  their  liberties  and  rights.  His  princely 
estate  was  inherited  by  Henry  L.,  who  married 
the  eldest  daughter  of  Judge  W.  W.  Van  Ness, 
and  died  at  Claverack  Nov.  14,  1828. 

LIVINGSTON,  Henry  Walter,  judge,  a 
member  of  congress  from  1803  to  1807,  was 
born  in  1764;  was  graduated  at  Yale  college  in 


LIVINaRTOX. 


LLOYD. 


531 


•emains  were 


1780;  was  sccrctarj'  in  17!(2  to  Mr.  Morris,  am- j 
bassador  to  France ;  and  died  at  Liviiifjsf ou'n 
manor,  in  Linliili^ow,  X.  Y.,  Dec.  '-'2,  IHIO,  a>;(d  | 
42.  lie  was  educated  to  the  law,  and  possesNcd  | 
good  talents.  Of  the  court  of  common  ])leas  for 
Columliia  county  ho  was  the  jud};e.  In  his  man- 1 
ncrs  he  was  pleasing,  and  in  his  habits  of  life  cor- 1 
rect  and  honorable.  i 

I,lVlX(JS'rOX,  James,  colonel,  died  in  Sarn- 
toi,'i  CO.,  N.  Y.,  in  1832,  aged  about  So,  a  soldier 
of  the  Revolution. 

LIVINGSTON,  Gilbert  R.,  D.  D.,  pa-stor  of 
a  Dutch  church  in  Philadelphia,  died  ^larch  0, 
1834,  aged  48.  His  son,  IL  G.  Livingston,  who 
graduated  at  Williams'  in  1840,  was  the  minister 
of  Carmcl  and  the  successor  of  Dr.  Bcthune  in 
riiiladclphia;  and  died  Jan.  27,  185 j,  aged 
nearly  34.  —  Obsei'ver,  Feb.  1.5. 

LIVINGSTON,  Edward,  an  eminent  jurist, 
died  at  llhinebeck  May  23,  1836,  aged  71.  He 
was  descended  from  a  Scottish  family,  and  born 
in  1704,  at  Clermont,  Livingston's  manor,  N.  Y. 
He  was  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1781.  Admit- 
ted to  the  bar  in  178j,  he  pursued  his  profession 
till  1795,  when  he  became  a  member  of  congress 
from  the  city  of  New  York,  and  continued  till 
1802,  when  he  was  ajjpointed  attorney  of  the 
United  States  for  the  district  of  New  York.  He 
was  also  mayor  of  the  city.  Removing  to  New 
Orleans  in  1804,  he  there  was  eminent  as  a  law- 
yer. At  the  invasion  of  Louisiana  he  acted  as 
the  aid  of  Gen.  Jackson.  In  1823  he  was  again 
a  member  of  congress ;  in  1829  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Senate;  in  1831  he  was  appointed 
secretary  of  State,  and  in  1833  minister  to 
France.  His  death  was  sudden,  said  to  be  caused 
by  drinking  cold  water,  when  heated.  He  was 
employed  with  others  by  the  legislature  of  Louis- 
iana to  prepare  a  system  of  jurisprudence  and 
also  of  municipal  law,  and  performed  this  service 
with  great  industry  and  deep  research.  His 
Penal  Code,  his  own  unaided  work,  is  a  monu- 
ment of  his  profound  learning  and  of  his  desire 
to  promote  the  welfare  of  mankind. 

LIVINGSTON,  Edward,  died  at  Albany  in 
1840,  formerly  spealter  of  N.  Y.  assembly,  and 
district  attorney. 

LIVINGSTON,  Edward  P.,  died  at  his  seat  at 
Clermont,  N.  Y.,  in  1843,  aged  63.  He  was 
many  years  a  member  of  the  State  senate;  in 
1830  he  was  lieutenant-governor. 

LIVINGSTON,  Peter  R.,  died  at  Rhinebeck, 
N.  Y.,in  1847,  aged  81.  He  had  been  amcmber 
of  the  State  senate  and  of  congress. 

LIVINGSTON,  John  R.,  died  at  Red  Hook 
Sept.  27,  1851,  aged  98,  a  brother  of  Robert 
R.  L.  His  father  was  Robert ;  so  also  his  grand- 
father; and  next  the  first  Robert  L.  He  had 
lived  fifteen  years  at  Red  Hook,  one  mile  below 
the  chancellor's  house.    He  had  been  previously 


a  merchant  in  New  York  ;   his  liouse  was  sii]>- 
l)lant('d  l)y  the  llroadway  honnc. 

LI.OYi),  Jame:s,    M.  1).,    diid   at   Iloston    in 
March,  1810,  aged  S2.     He  was  the  grandson  of 
James  L.,  who  came  from  Somersetsliire  in  1070, 
and,  after  residing  a  short  time  at  Shelter  Lland, 
where  he  -"arricd  a  lady,  settli'd  at  Uoston,  where 
lie  died  in  Jidy,  1093.     His  fatlier  was  Henry  L., 
who  inherited  an  estate,  ]mr(liased  by  his  father, 
in  (iiieens  county,  Long   island  ;  his   mother  was 
the  daughter  of  John  Nelson  of  lloston,  a  "  Rev- 
olutioner,"  or  one  of  those,  who  put  down  the 
tyranny  of  Androsin  1089.     Dr.  L.  was  born  at 
Long  Island  in  Ajiril,  1728.     He  was  educated  at 
Stratford,  where   he    formed   a  friendshij)   with 
Wm.  Samuel  Johnson,  which  lasted  through  life. 
Having  studied  medicine  for  a  time  in  Uoston,  he 
proceeded  to   Ihigland,  where   he  attended  the 
London  hospitals  two  years.    In  1752  he  rettirned 
to  Boston  and  soon  obtained  extensive   practice, 
lie  introduced  improvements  in  surgery,  such  as 
ligatures  for  cautery,  and  amputation  l)y  double 
incision.     Among  his  numerous  pupils  were  Gen. 
Warren,  Rand,  Jeffries,  and  Clark.    During  the 
occupation  of  Uoston  by  the  British,  he  remained 
in   the  towti.      He   thought   the   Revolutionary 
movements  were  premature.    Y'et  he  was  devoted 
to  his  profession,  and  not  a   zealous  politician. 
The  dispersion  of  his  connections  and  the  loss  of 
his  two  sons  threw  a  heavy  cloud  upon  his  mind 
for  several  years,  and  taught  him  the   lesson, 
which  comes  to  all,  that  the   earth  is  not  the 
abode   of  hapjiiness.      In   the  war  the   enemy 
strijjped  of  its  timber  an  estate  of  six  or  seven 
hundred  acres,   inherited    from    his    father,   at 
Queen's  Village  or  Lloyd's  Neck,  on  Long  Island, 
about  forty  miles  from  New  York,  bordering  on 
the  sound.     In  1789  he  went  to  England  to  seek 
compensation,  but  without  success,  as  he  would 
not  consent  to  become  a  British  subject,  nor  even 
ex])ress  an  intention  of  becoming  such.    His  fine 
health,  which  continued  to  old  age,  was  first  inter- 
rupted by  a  fall  from   his  horse.    He  left  two 
children ;  James  L.,  and  Sarah,  relict  of  Leon- 
ard Vassal  Borland.     For  nearly  sixty  years  he 
was  in  extensive  practice.    He  was  educated  in 
the  Episcopal  form  and  was  a  worshipper  at  Trin- 
ity church.     His  house  was  the  seat  of  hospital- 
ity.   Multitudes   of   the    poor  experienced    his 
kindness,     lie  had  no  avarice  of  money.     His 
professional  services  to  them  were  without  charge, 
and  he  was  also  frequently  the  almoner  to  their 
necessities.     In  his  last  will  he  directed  the  can- 
celment  of  the  debts  due  from  those  who  could 
ill  afford  to  pay  them.  —  Thatcher's  Med.  Biog., 
359-370. 

LLOYD,  Edward,  governor  of  Maryland,  died 
at  Annapolis  June  2,  1834,  aged  55.  He  was  a 
senator  of  the  United  States,  and  respected  iq 
public  and  private  life. 


532 


LLOYD. 


LOGAN. 


I^Hi 


I.LO  v'P,  Jam;  ,a  s.  .  aorof  the  United  States, 
the  son  of  the  piccedm,?,  died  nt  New  York  in 
1831,  aged  G2.  He  wa:  born  in  IJo8ton  in  1700, 
and  irraduatcd  at  Ilaivurd  college  in  1787.  lie 
afterwards,  in  order  to  ac(iuire  a  knowledge  of 
cominirciul  pursuits,  entered  the  counting-house 
of  Thomas  llussell.  About  the  year  1792  he 
visited  ^virojjc  and  resided  for  some  time  in  llus- 
sia.  In  1808  he  wac  vieeted  senator,  and  in  a 
period  of  great  |)olitic  t.'  excitement  and  national 
difficulty  was  a  distiu'^wished  laember  of  con- 
gress. He  o',)i  used  the  war  of  1812.  lie  was 
re-elected  senator  in  18.'2,  and  during  a  !■  rvice 
of  five  yeui's  was  incessaiit  in  his  cffc  's  to  pro- 
mote the  public  interest.  He  was  the  c):;.iiman 
of  two  important  commiilets.  of  comi.u'i-f  c  and 
naval  cffairs.  The  scsult  I'f  his  invcKtij^:  ;:v7ns 
appeared  in  several  pam;iil;.!^.  He  miu'iif  1,  in 
1809,  the  daughter  of  Fumuel  Breck  of  Philadel- 
phia. Ho  published  remarks  or  the  report  of 
the  comraiUee  <>1'  comracrce  of  Iviarch,  182G,  on 
Itu'  British  colonial  intercourse. 

I'/BDELL,  llENUY,  M.  D.,  missionary  at 
M  v,;I,  dioi'i  March  25,  lfi.;5.  lie  graduated  at 
Anvufiivt  in  1'  ***.  His  ^v  i'e,  Lucy  C.  L.,  survived 
him.  ■lu'v  /^iiilod  from  Uoston  in  Nov.,  1851. 
His  gr^;' .f,  *•  licss  for  liis  work  and  his  faithfulness 
jnake  hit'  i-;ily  remo'^al  horn  his  field  of  labor  a 
deep  tn^.tery. 

LOCKE,  Mrs.,  wife  of  Edwin  Locke,  mission- 
ary to  the  Sandwich  Islands,  died  at  Waialua, 
Oahu,  Oct.  20,  1842.  She  was  the  daughter  of 
Rev.  Jo".eph  Howell,  of  Cornish,  N.  H.,  and 
Bailed  from  Boston  in  1836.  Her  brother, 
Qeorge  B.  R.,  joined  the  mission  only  a  fortnight 
before  her  death.     Her  end  was  peaceful. 

LOCKE,  Edwin,  missionary  to  the  Sandwich 
Islands,  died  Oct.  28,  1843.  He  was  born  at 
Fitzwilham,  N.  H.,  in  1813,  and  arrived  at  Waia- 
lua in  1837.  He  had  taught  a  manual  labor 
school  mth  great  skill  and  success.  His  mission- 
ary brethren  held  him  in  high  esteem.  By  his 
death  his  three  daughters  were  left  mthout  father 
or  mother. 

LOCKE,  Joseph,  judge,  died  in  Lowell,  Nov. 
10,  1853,  aged  81.  Born  in  Fitzwilliam,  N.  H., 
he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1797,  studied  law 
with  Mr.  Bigelow,  settled  at  Billerica,  and  re- 
moved to  Lowell  in  1833.  He  was  judge  of  the 
court  of  police  13  years.  He  had  also  been  a 
member  of  the  convention  to  revise  the  constitu- 
tion in  1820,  and  a  representative  and  councillor. 

LOCKE,  John,  a  lawyer,  brother  of  Judge  L., 
died  in  Boston  March  29,  1855,aged91.  Hegrad- 
uated  in  1792,  and  settled  in  Ashby.  In  1820  he 
was  a  member  of  the  convention  for  revising  the 
constitution;  from  1823  to  1829,  a  member  of 
congress.  He  removed  to  Lowell  in  1837,  and 
thence  to  Boston  in  the  family  of  his  son,  John 
O.  Locke. 


LOCKE,  Jonx,  professor,  died  at  Cincinnati 
July  H,  185G,  aged  (jl.  Born  at  Fryeburg,  Me., 
his  education  was  at  Bethel  academy,  and  he 
early  distinguished  liimsclf  by  mechanical  and 
scientific  attainments.  He  received  a  medical 
degree  at  Yale,  and  was  then  a  surgeon  in  the 
navy.  For  thirty  years  he  had  lived  in  the  west. 
In  183G  he  wa'.  ■hor-cii  j;rv'!\.'ssor  of  chemistry  in 
Cincinnati,  lie  ^vas  ^n  i,'(  urate  ;■  ologist,  and 
skilled  i;i  i-cery  il'.'poi'traei'';  of  >  ctiiral  historv. 
His  "  mo;.:T>i;tiiia!  :  ;searclii'M"  extcn'.lcd  widely: 
the  country  was  ai'tc  indebted  .)  .  •'  ^  for  his 
'■  magnctc-i:  iirmonii' ,' ,  ci>\  '■   ' 

LOCKVi  GOD,  J  AMI  s,  iuiniBter  ff  W  .ihersfield. 
Conn.,  died  i'':iy  20,  1772,  aged  o7.  The  son  of 
James  and  Lyaia  L.,  he  was  born  in  Norwalk  in 
1714,  and  graduated  at  Y'ale  in  1735;  und  was 
ordained  in  1  ■,.'}'.».  as  successor  of  S.  Mix.  He 
favors-'d  Mr,  "Wliitcfield 'v'lPii  \ii  -oou  [■  ter  visited 
thu  N.  'V  England  churches.  He  declined  the 
3t:-eside:icy  of  Prir.Tto'i  and  Vale  colleges,  to 
I'.jth  '.f  which  he  was  i'  -^  'd,  for  ho  was  strongly 
&tia.-'he(l  to  his  ."ople.  He  was  a  scholar,  and 
theologian,  aii'l  a  good  preacher,  a  man  of  pru- 
dence, benevolence,  and  faithfulness.  His  wife 
was  Mary,  daughter  of  Rev.  Moses  Dickinson  of 
Norwalk.  Dr.  Marsh  succeeded  him.  He  pub- 
lished the  election  sermon,  1754,  also  in  17G3; 
on  the  death  of  Col.  Williams,  1755 ;  of  A.  AVood- 
bridge  1758;  at  ordination  of  E.  May,  175G; 
thank;v' ^ving  for  peace,  1763. — Sprague'a  Annals. 

LOCK  WOOD,  Samuel,  D.  D.,  minister  of  An- 
dover.  Conn.,  the  brother  of  Rev.  James  L.,  died 
in  1791,  Of^fed  69.  He  was  graduated  at  Yale 
college  in  i  ^45,  and  was  ordained  in  1749.  He 
contributed,  in  the  year  1787, 100  pounds  toward 
completing  the  philosophical  apparatus  in  Yale 
college.  Ills  death  occurred  at  New  Lebanon, 
whither  he  went  for  his  health ;  but  he  was 
buried  at  A.  He  was  highly  respected  and  had 
great  influence.  No  religious  society  was  more 
prosperous  than  his.  He  published  the  election 
sermon,  1774. — Holmes'  Life  of  Stiles,  390, 
397 ;  Sprague's  Annals. 

LOCKWOOD,  William,  minister  of  Glasten- 
bury.  Conn.,  tlied  June  23,  1828,  aged  75.  He 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1774,  and  was  a  tutor. 

LOCKWOOD,  Jesse,  •"  aary  among  the 
Arkansas  Cherokees,  diet  .  Dwight  July  11, 
1834,  aged  31.  A  native  of  North  Salem,  N.  Y., 
he  graduated  at  Williams  college  in  1830.  His 
labors  at  Dwight  were  only  for  a  few  months. 
His  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Rev.  M.  Sawyer  of 
Gloucester.  His  character  is  described  in  the 
Missionary  Herald  for  1834. 

LOGAN,  James,  distinguished  for  his  learning, 
died  Oct.  31,  1751,  aged  about  77.  lie  was 
descended  from  a  family  formerly  of  Scotland, 
and  was  born  at  Lurgan  in  Ireland  in  1G74.  I'os- 
sessing  a  good  genius  and  being  favored  with  a 


LOGAN. 


LOGAN. 


533 


(mitnhle  education,  lie  made  coiisidrraMc  profi- 
ciency in  the  Kcieiiecs  nnd  in  viiriini.s  l)ranclie.s  of 
polite  liternturc.  As  lie  wan  educated  in  the  .sen- 
timents of  the  Qiiiikers,  and  was  aecpiainted  with 
William  I'enn,  lie  ,vas  iiichieed  to  acc()in]'any  that 
>;entlenuin  to  ruinsjlvania  in  Id!)!),  in  liis  last 
voynKC-  Under  his  patronafje  he  was  much  em- 
ployed in  ])iil)lie  allairs.  lly  his  commission  lie 
was,  in  1701,  apjioinled  secretary  of  the  province 
and  clerk  of  the  council.  He  afterwards  held  the 
oliices  of  commissioner  of  i)ro])crty,  chief  justice, 
and  jiresident  of  the  council.  He  attached  him- 
self rather  to  the  interest  of  the  proprietary  and 
his  (,'overnor  than  to  that  of  the  nssemlily,  and 
was  in  conse(pience  in  the  earlier  periods  of  his 
life  very  un])opular ;  but  he  soon  (,'ave  general 
satisfacticm  in  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  his 
several  olfices.  Upon  the  death  of  Governor  Gor- 
don in  Oct.,  173G,  the  government  of  course  de- 
volved upon  him,  as  jiresidcnt  of  the  council ;  and 
during  his  administrution  of  two  years  tlie  utmost 
harmony  prevailed  throughout  the  jirovince.  Sev- 
eral years  iireviously  to  his  death  he  retired  from 
public  affairs  and  sper  t  the  latter  part  of  his  life 
jirincipally  at  Stanton,  his  country  seat,  near  Ger- 
mantowii,  where  he  enjoyed  among  his  books 
that  leisure  which  he  much  relished,  and  was 
much  employed  in  corres])onding  with  learned 
men  in  different  parts  of  Europe.  He  was  well 
versed  in  both  ancient  and  modern  learning  ;  he 
had  made  considerable  proficiency  in  oriental  lit- 
erature ;  he  was  master  of  the  Greek,  Latin, 
French,  and  German  languages ;  and  he  was  well 
acquainted  with  mathematics,  natural  and  moral 
philosophy,  and  na.cural  history.  Li  his  religious 
sentiments  he  wr.s  a  Quaker.  He  had  collected 
with  great  car'.-  a  library  of  more  than  three 
thousand  volumes,  which  at  that  time  was  by  far 
the  largest  in  Pennsylvania,  and  particularly  rich 
in  works  in  the  Latin  and  Greek  languages,  and 
in  the  most  curious,  rare,  and  excellent  scientific 
publications.  This  valuable  collection  of  books, 
usually  called  the  Loganian  library,  was  be- 
(liieatlievi  t)\  its  passossor  to  the  citizens  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  1h>s  sinco  been  deposited  in  one  of 
the  apartmeixts  bcloiij^ing  to  the  library  company 
of  that  city. 

.Mr.  Logan  published  in  the  jjhilosojihical  trans- 
aetioRs,  for  I'llio,  an  account  of  his  experiments 
on  raaiiic.  The  work  was  afterwards  pul)lished  in 
Latin,  entiileU,  experinienta  et  meletomata  de 
plantarum  generatione,  etc.,  Leydvn,  1739;  and 
in  London  by  Dr.  Fothergill  with  an  English  ver- 
sion on  the  opposite  page,  1747.  He  also  pub- 
lishwl  canonum  pro  inveniendis  refractionum,  turn 
siniplicium,tum  in  lentibus  duplicium  focis,  demon- 
strationes  geometricii',  etc.,  Leyden,  1739;  and 
a  translation  of  Cicero's  treatise  de  senectute, 
1711.    This  was  the  first  translation  of  a  classi- 


cal author  made  in  .\mcrica. —  P)-ou'Vs  Hint. 
l'enii!ti/h-ani(i,i.  lis,  179;  Miller's  lldr.  I.,  131; 
II.  3I(). 

LOGAN,  M.MiniA,  a  great  florist,  was  the 
daughter  of  Uobert  Daniel  of  South  Carolina, 
In  her  fifteenth  year  she  mr.rried  Geo.  Logan, 
son  of  C(d.  Geo.  L.,  and  died  in  1779,  aged  77. 
.\t  the  age  of  70  she  wrote  a  treatise  on  garden- 
ing. 

LOG.VN,  an  eloquent  chief,  wr.s  the  second  son 
of  Shikellcmus,  a  celebrated  chief  of  the  Cayuga 
nation,  whose  residence  was  at  Shamokin.    Logan 
was  the  friend  of  the  white  peo])le,  he  admired 
their  ingenuity,  and  wished  to  be  a  neighbor  to 
them.     Li  Ajiril  or   May,    1771,  when  Logan's 
residence  was  on  the  Ohio,  liis  family  was  mur- 
dered by  a  ])arty  of  whites  under  the  command 
of  Capt.  Michael  Cresa]).     The  occasion  of  this 
outrage  was  a  report,  that  the  Indians  had  killed 
a  number  of  white   persons,   who  were   h)oking 
out  for   new  settlements.     A   war   immediately 
commenced,  and  during  the  sumnx'r  great  num- 
bers of  innocent  men,  women,  and  children  fell 
victims  to  the  tomahawk    and  scalpiiig-kiiife  of 
the  Indians.     Li  the  autumn  of  the  same  year  a 
decisive  battle  was  fought  at  tlu.'  mouth  of  the 
great  Kanawhn,  between  the  collected  forces  of 
the  Shawanese,  Mingocs,  and   Delawares,  and  a 
detachment  of  the  Virginia  militia.     The  Indians 
were  defeated,  and  siied  for  peace.     Logan,  how- 
ever, disdained  to  be  seen  among  the  suppliants. 
But,  lest  the  sincerity  of  a  treaty  from  which  so 
distinguished  a  chief  absented  himself,  should  be 
mistrusted,  he  sent  by  a  messenger  the  following 
speech,  to  be  delivered  to  Lord  Dunmore,  gov- 
ernor of  Virginia :  "  I  appeal  to  any  white  man 
to  say,  if  ever  he  entered  Logan's  cabin  hungry, 
and  he  gave  him  not  meat ;  if  ever  he  came  cold 
and  naked,  and  he  clothed  him  not.     During  the 
course  of  the  last  long  and  bloody  war,  Logan 
rtMiiaincd  idle  in  his  cabin,  an  advocate  for  jieace. 
Such  was  my  love  for  the  whites,  that  my  coun- 
trymen iiointed  .".s  they  passed,  and  said,  Logan 
is  the  friend  of  white  men.     I  had  even  thought 
to  have  live<l  with  you,  bui  for  the  injuries  of  one 
man.     Colonel   Cresap,  the   last   spring,  in  cold 
blood  and  unprovoked,  murdered  all  the    rela- 
tions of  Logan,  not  even  sparing  my  women  and 
children.     There  runs  not  a  droj)  of  my  blood  in 
the  veins  of  any  living  creature.     This  called  on 
me  for  revenge.     I  have  sought  it ;  I  have  killed 
many;  I  have  fully  glutted  my  vengeance.     For 
my  country   I   rejoice  at  the  beams   of  peace. 
But  do  not  harbor  a  thought  that  mine  is  the 
joy   of   fear.     Logan  never  felt  fear.     He   will 
not  turn  on  his  heel  to  save  his   life.     Who  ia 
there  to  mourn  for  Logan?    Not  one." 

Afler  this  jjcace  Logan  sunk  into  a  deep  mel- 
ancholy, and  declared  that  life  was  a  torment  to 


<< 


11 


534 


LOGAN, 


him.  He  became  in  some  meoaurc  deliriouR. 
He  went  to  Detroit,  where  lie  yielded  liimHelf  to 
the  hahit  of  intoxiciUion.  On  \m  return,  lietween 
that  place  and  Miami,  he  was  murdered.  In 
October,  1781,  Mr.  Heckewelder  was  shown  the 
spot,  by  some  Indians,  where  this  event  was  sold 
to  have  occurred.  —  Jefferson's  A'oUn  on  Vir- 
ginia, query  vi.,  and  appendix. 

LOOAN,  Bknja.min,  died  in  Shelby  county, 
Ky.,  Dec.  11,  1802,  at  an  advanced  age.  lie  took 
an  active  part  in  favor  of  his  country  in  1770. 
An  early  adventurer  to  Kentucky,  he  was  one  of 
her  most  oble  defenders  ajjainst  the  savages. 
The  fate  of  the  western  country  seemed  to  Iwng 
upon  him.  lie  was  upright,  sincere,  honorable, 
of  unbounded  hospitality. 

LOn.VN,  Okougk,  M.  1).,  a  senator  of  the 
United  States,  the  grandson  of  James  Logan, 
died  at  Stanton  April  9,  1821,  oged  CO.  He  was 
the  son  of  William  L.,  and  was  born  at  Stanton, 
near  I'iiiiadt'lpliiii,  Sept.  II,  17^1).  After  being 
three  years  ot  the  medical  school  of  Edinburgh, 
he  travelled  on  the  continent,  and  returned  to 
this  country  in  1771).  After  applying  himself  for 
some  years  to  agriculture,  and  serving  in  the  legis- 
lature, he  was  induced  in  June,  1798,  to  embark 
for  Europe,  with  the  sole  purpose  of  preventing  a 
war  between  America  and  France.  He  made  his 
woy  from  Hamburg  to  Paris  j  and  there  was  in- 
troduced to  Merlin,  the  chief  director.  At  this 
period  Mr.  Gerry,  the  American  minister,  had  de- 
parted, an  embai'go  had  been  laid  on  our  shij)- 
ping,  and  many  seamen  had  been  imprisoned. 
Dr.  L.  persuaded  the  French  government  to  raise 
the  embargo,  and  prepared  the  way  for  a  nego- 
tiation, which  terminated  in  jieace.  He  was  in- 
deed reproached,  and  accused  of  being  sent  by 
a  faction  j  but  on  his  return  he  vindicated  himself 
in  a  letter  of  Jan.  12,  1700.  He  was  a  senator 
in  the  seventh  and  eighth  congresses  from  1801 
to  1807.  He  went  to  England  in  Feb.,  1810,  on 
the  same  peaceful  mission,  which  led  liim  to 
France,  but  not  wi'h  the  same  success.  Mr.  Du- 
ponceau  said  of  him :  "  And  art  thou  too  gone, 
Logan  P  friend  of  man  I  friend  of  peace  I  friend 
of  science !  Thou,  whose  persuasive  accents  could 
still  the  angry  passions  of  the  rulers  of  men,  and 
dispose  their  minds  to  listen  to  the  voice  of  reason 
»nd  justice  ?  "  He  was  an  active  member  of  the 
board  of  agriculture,  and  of  the  philo80i)hical 
society.  He  puldished  experiments  on  gypsum, 
and  on  the  rotation  of  crops,  1797. 

LOGAN,  Dkdoiuh,  widow  of  Dr.  George  L., 
died  at  Stenton,  Pa.,  in  1839.  She  was  skilled  in 
the  early  history  of  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Pennsylvania  historical  society. 

LOMBARD,  Solomon,  first  minister  of  Gor- 
ham,  Maine,  died  in  1781.  Born  in  Barnstable, 
Mass.,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1723 ;  was 


L00MI8. 

ordained    in    1750,  and  dismissed    in    1764. — 
Sj>r(ifjne's  Annals. 

LONG,  Saiiaii,  a  colored  woman,  died  in  To- 
ronto, Canada  June  10,  IHOO,  aged  119. 

LON(iFELI,f)W,  Stkmikn.  LL.  D.,  died  in 
Portland  Aug.  2,  1H40,  aged  73.  Born  in  Gor- 
ham,  he  was  a  descendant  of  William  L.  of  Xc«- 
Inu'v,  who  died  in  109(1,  aged  37  ;  lie  gradiinlcd  iit 
Harvard  in  1798,  and  ])assed  his  life  ns  an  eminent 
lawyer,  chiefly  at  I'orllaiid.  Of  the  llartlord 
convention  he  was  a  member  from  Maine.  The 
])oet,  Longfellow,  is  his  son.  He  coni|)iled  six- 
teen vols,  of  tlir  Massachuj-etts  lie|)ortM  and 
twehe  vols,  of  the  -Maine,  extending  over  a  period 
of  thirty  years. 

T,0XGL]:Y,  Wii.mam,  died  at  Hawley,  Mass., 
.Inly  K,  I83(i,  aged  !)2.  H(.'  was  one  year  in  the 
I'rench  war  and  live  years  in  t  he  Jtevolutionary  war. 

LOXGLEY,  Euml'M),  died  in  Hnwley,  Nov. 
20,  1842,  aged  90.  He  built  the  first  "framed 
house  in  the  town,  then  called  Number  Seven,  and 
was  an  ollicer  in  the  ll(\()liilioniiiy  war. 

LONGLEY,  Jonathan,  minister  of  North- 
bridge,  Mass.,  died  in  1850,  aged  00. 

LONGMEKE,  David,  D.  D.,  died  at  Glouces- 
ter, N.  J.,  Sejit.  1.5,  180,-),  aged  02. 

LOOKEIl,  Otiixiix,  died  in  Palestine,  Illinnis, 
in  1845,  aged  87.  Born  in  New  Jersey,  he  was 
a  soldier  of  the  Revolution ;  he  emigrated  in 
1804  to  Ohio,  and  was  a  senator  of  Hamilton 
county,  a  judge,  and  acting  governor  in  1814. 

LOOMIS,  Hauvky,  first  minister  of  Bangor, 
Maine,  was  a  native  of  Toningford,  Conn,  j  grad- 
uated at  AVilliams  college  in  1809  j  and  was  or- 
dained Nov.  27,  1811,  when  the  church  of  Itimgor 
was  formed,  consisting  partly  of  mombers  of  what 
was  called  the  Orrington  cliuieh.  After  the  toils 
of  fourteen  years,  on  Sunday  morning,  Jan.  2, 
1825,  Mr.  Loomis  walked  in  a  snow-storm  up  to 
his  meeting-house,  witli  a  sermon  on  this  text : 
"Tliis  year  thou  shall  die."  AVlien  he  had  seated 
himself  in  the  ;julpit,  he  had  a  fit  of  the  apoplexy 
and  died  in  ten  minutes,  aged  about  30.  His 
successor  was  S.  L.  Pomeroy.  He  was  a  j)opular 
and  useful  preacher,  in  his  character  and  manners 
adapted  to  the  people  of  his  parish,  skilful  in  the 
guidance  and  control  of  the  young  and  active 
minds,  which  on  the  banks  of  the  Penobscot  were 
laying  the  foundations  of  a  large  town.  In  his 
sermons  he  dispensed  with  circuitous  preambles ; 
was  direct,  concise,  brief,  energetic,  seldom  ex- 
ceeding twenty-five  minutes ;  and  thus  he  had  no 
hearers  of  a  lagging  attention.  His  prayer 
meetings  were  conducted  with  great  freedom  and 
wisdom.  Why  he  was  cut  down  in  the  midst  of 
his  important  labors  is  one  of  the  great  mysteries 
of  Providence. 

It  is  oaid,  he  once  preached  a  sermon  of  terror 
on  future  punishment;  when  he  had  for  a  heaier 


LOiJMIS. 


LOUD. 


535 


a  rich  lo^  owner,  wlio  coniiiiondcd  liim,  nnd  said, 
"  I  liuvo  11(1  iultli  in  your  (loctriiic,  l)ut  1  wImH  you 
to  prciich  it,  till  the  Ktculors  of  my  lojrs  hIiuH 
learn  to  lie  hoiicsl  ; "  ami  tlmt  the  nanu'  man 
j»avo  11  lu'll  for  tlii;  churcii  to  call  tlicm  to  mcet- 
inj?.  I)oiil)tless  God's  word  is  full  of  terror  to 
the  wicked,  and  the  God  of  justice  and  of  truth 
will  not  fail  to  execute  his  purposes.  He  ])ul)- 
lishcd  a  sermon  heforo  the  Maine  Missionary  So- 
ciety, IH'JU.  On  occasion  of  his  death  a  youn^^ 
lady  of  his  society  wrote  some  lines,  called  "  The 
deserted  conference-room,"  of  wliich  the  follow 
ing  is  an  extract : 

"  Yo  nocil  not  Imnn  that  cnnillo  V>y  ttin  ilonk, 
Yo  miiy  rt'iiiGVo  his  rhiiir,  and  tiiku  iiwiiy  liifi  iKmlc ; 
IIi>  will  not  rniiu'  (ii-iii)(lit.     Ilu  did  not  liuur  tliu  Ixill, 
Whlrh  told  till'  lidiir  of  priiyiT. 
Do  ye  renifinlHT,  how  lit'  'd  Monu'tinioH  Hit 
111  tliiH  now  Tiu'iiiit  coriicr,  qiiito  liid  by  its  obscurity, 
Only  >(■  iiii;,'lit  ipiniivc  lil»  nmti'hlt'Mi  ryo 
►■striving  to  roiid  the  ti-i'liiiKS  of  your  fouls. 
Tliiit  heiiilj^bt  know,  if  yo  would  lit'ur  tlio  vitiro  of  Jesus  ? 
Yu  do  reuii'nilxT.     Wull  —  lio'ii  not  tlien)  now; 
Yii  niny  bo  j<ny  imd  tliouglitloKn,  if  yo  will, 
nif*  glance  sbnll  iiul  rcprovi^  you. 
Then!  — lliilon  to  tliiil  hymn  of  pmlsn: 
Did  yo  not  liearun  iingul-voliu  tiiku  up  the  lofty  strain, 
'  For  Thou,  O  I.iunb  of  llod,  urt  worthy  ." 
■Twiis  liis  voii'o; 

Not  riKing,  as  in  foruifr  tlays  from  this  low  tcmplo : 
Only  the  clearer:*,,  softest  strain,  waving  its  way 
Fniui  the  celestial  world,  just  strikes  the  listening  car, — 
And  now  'tis  gone." 

A  notice  of  liim  is  in  the  Independent,  July  17, 
185G.  —  Sprajjue'n  Aimals. 

I.OOMIS,  LEiiiiias,  colonel,  died  in  Cherry 
Valley,  in  183G,  ngcd  79.  He  was  in  the  battle  of 
Bunker  Hill,  and  an  officer  to  the  close  of  the  war. 

LOPEZ,  iUuoN,  died  May  20, 1782,  at  Smith- 
field,  R.  I.  He  was  a  rich  Jewish  merchant  of 
Newport,  but  removed  to  Leicester  in  1777  on  ac- 
count of  the  war.  On  a  journey  to  P"ovidence 
he  drove  his  horse  in  a  gig  to  water  in  Spot's 
pond;  when  the  gig  wa.s  upset  and  he  was 
drowned.  His  liouse  in  Leicester  was  purchased 
as  the  first  building  used  by  the  academy. 

LOlU),  RlciURD,  captain,  died  at  Hartford  in 
1GC2,  aged  51,  the  son  of  Thomas,  who  was  a 
first  settler.  He  was  a  merchant  and  man  of  dis- 
tinction. His  son  Richard  was  also  a  merchant ; 
and  he  died  in  1C85.  His  wife  was  Mary,  daugh- 
ter of  llcnry  Smith  of  Springfield,  and  grand- 
daughter of  W.  Pynchon.  After  his  death  she 
iiKirried  Dr.  Thomas  Hooker,  the  son  of  Rev. 
Samuel  IL  of  Farmington,  and  grandson  of  Rev. 
Thomas  H.  of  Hartford.  Mr.  Goodwin  gives  the 
names,  in  order,  of  one  hundred  of  the  descend- 
ants of  Thomas  Lord. 

LORD,  Joseph,  first  minister  of  Dorchester, 
South  Carolina,  died  June  6,  1748,  aged  about 
77,  was  a  native  of  Charlestown,  Mass.,  and  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1691.  In  the 
fall  of  1695  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church 
which  was  gathered  in  Dorchester,  Mass.,  with 


the  design  of  removing  to  South  Curnlina.  They 
arrived  Dec.  2(itli,  and  licgau  a  sett  lenient  callril 
Dorchester,  on  ^...nlcy  river,  about  eighteen  iiiileH 
from  Charleston.  The  sacninieiil  nf  the  Lord's 
su)i|)er  was  first  adiniiiiNti  red  in  Caniliiia,  Fell.  2, 
KiUtJ.  Hugh  I'iiher  succeeded  Mr.  Lord. — 
Ifiiliiies'  AnniiLi,  11.  ;j|  ;  Cullrrl.  Ilist.  Society, 
IX.  lijii,  157;   liuililer.iliin'n    Cnit.   ScniKiit. 

LORD,  Hi;.\JA.MlX,  D.  D.,   minister   of    Nor- 
wich, Conn.,  died  in  A]iril,  17N-4,  aged  90.     Ilu 
was  a  graduate  at  Yale  college  in    1711,  and  was 
afterwards  a   tutor   in    that    seminary  two  years. 
Ilu  was  ordained  in  Ot;,)ber,    1717,  as  successor 
of  Mr.  Woodward,  who  was    the  next  niiiiisler 
after  Mr.  Fitch  ;  and,  continuing  his  public  labors 
about  si.\ty  years,  he  lived  to  see  eight  religious 
societies,  which  had    grown  out  of  the  one  of 
which  he  had  taken  the  charge.     Two  other  iiar- 
ishes  were  formed  at  the  time  of  his  settlement. 
During  the  half-century  of  his  ministry,  ending 
in  1707,  about  a  thousand  jiersons  had  died.    Of 
persons  admitted  to  the  church  there  were  threo 
hundred  ar.d  thirty.     The  covenant  was  owned  by 
four  hundred  and  ten,  of  whom  ninety  joined  the 
church;  and   two  thousand  and  fifty  wi'rc  bap- 
tized,    lie  was  a  man  of  disliuetion,  and  a  faithful 
evangelical  preacher.     He  hud  some  trouble  from 
a  wild   sect    called    Rogerenes.    Rogers,   their 
leader,  once  accosted  him  at  his  church  door : 
"  Benjamin,  Benjamin,  dost  thou  think  that  they 
wear  white  wigs  in  heaven  P"     He  pubUshcd  a 
discourse  on  the  parable  of  the  merchant  man 
seeking  goodly  pearls,    1722;  true  Christianity 
explained  and  enforced,  1727  ;  on  the  character, 
bu'th,  and  privileges  of  God's  children,  1742  ;  an 
account  of  the  e.\traordinary  recovery  of  Mercy 
Wheeler,    1743;  at   the  election,  1751;  on  the 
death  pf  Henry  AVilles,  1759;  of  Hezokiah  Lord, 
1763;  of  Hezckiah  Huntington,   1773;    of  Mrs. 
Willes,    1774  •    at   the  instalment  of  Nathaniel 
Whitaker,  1761 ,  at  the  ordination  of  Levi  Hart, 
1702 ;  a  half-century  discourse,  Nov.  29,  1767, 
being  fifty  years  from  his  ordination ;  a  sermon, 
1780.  —  Sprague's  Annals. 

LORD,  Joseph,  son  of  Rev.  J.  L.,  a  preacher 
and  physician,  died  at  Westmoreland,  N.  IL,  in 
1789,  aged  85.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1726. 

LORD,  John,  minister  of  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  died 
in  1839,  aged  65. 

LORD,  JoiiN  King,  minister  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  died  of  the  cholera  July  13,  1849,  aged  30. 
Tl.c  son  of  President  Lord  of  Dartmouth  college, 
he  graduated  in  1836.  Having  studied  theology 
at  Andover,  he  was  six  years  a  minister  in  Hart- 
ford, Vt.,  and  then  in  1847  was  the  pastor  of  the 
first  congregational  church  in  Cincinnati.  In  less 
than  two  years  he  died.  A  volume  of  his  ser- 
mons, with  a  memoir  by  liis  father,  was  published 
in  1850.  —  Sprague's  Annals. 


536 


LORD. 


Hi 


'ml 


LORD,  Wi:  LIAM,  Dr.,  «licfl  at  Lyme,  Conn., 
in  lH.'j2,nKi'(l  H!).  He  ffrailimti'd  nt  Yiilc  in  17H1. 
LOUD,  Nathaxif.I,,  died  in  I()Hwitli,  Muhh,,  Oct. 
10,  lHo'2,  aj^cd  72.  The  mm  of  Ihuuc  of  I|)Nwicli, 
ho  irrndunted  in  ITOS,  and  wiim  u  teacher,  und 
rc(fiK..^r  of  ])robatc  in  Kshcx  connty. 

I<OJUN(i,  FsiiAKi,,  niiniNter  of  Sudbnry,  Masn., 
died  March  !»,  1771.',  a;;ed  00.  lie  was  horn  at 
Hull,  April  (1,  1()H2,  the  Hon  of  John,  and  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  colleKc  in  1701.  He  was 
ordained  at  Sudiiury,  Nov.  20,  1700,  as  snccessor 
of  Air.  Sherman.  A  new  ehtu'ch  was  formed  on 
the  cast  side  of  the  river  in  172U,  and  William 
Cooke  was  settled  as  its  jjastor  March  20.  He 
prooclied  on  the  first  day  of  the  month  in  which 
ho  died.  He  was  a  venerahle  man,  of  primitive 
piety  and  manners,  and  faithful  and  useful  in  his 
ministerial  work.  He  had  i)ri'aclied  for  nearly 
seventy  years,  and  was  zealously  attached  to  the 
doctrines  of  the  gospel.  His  successor  was  Jacob 
Hij^elow.  His  son  John,  a  jihysician  in  Boston, 
died  in  1744,  aged  abr)ut  '<io.  He  graduated  in 
1729.  He  published  the  nature  and  necessity  of 
the  new  birth,  1728,  with  a  preface  by  Mr.Prince; 
on  the  death  of  Robert  Ureck,  1731 ;  on  the  tor- 
ments of  hell,  1732;  election  sermon,  1737 ;  jus- 
tification not  by  works,  but  by  faith  in  Jesus 
Christ,  1749;  at  the  ordination  of  0.  Richarcl.on, 
1754.  —  Spraf/ue's  Annals. 

LORINO,  James,  deacon,  died  in  Boston  July 
9,  18S0,  aged  80.  He  had  been  au  oHiccr  in  the 
Baptist  church  of  Dr.  Stillman,  and  was  a  Chris- 
tian of  humility  and  great  excellence  of  character. 
For  fifty-five  years  he  was  a  printer  and  book- 
seller, and  was  editor  of  the  Christian  Watchman, 
and  publisher  of  the  Ma^ssachusetts  State  Regis- 
ter, from  1800  to  1848.  He  was  born  at  Hull 
July  22,  1770.  His  earliest  ancestor  in  this 
country  was  Deacon  Thomas  Loring,  who  came 
from  Devon  to  Hingham  Dec.  22, 1034 ;  and  after 
him  were  Deacons  John,  Benjamin,  and  James, 
the  last  of  whom  was  the  father  of  the  subject  of 
this  article. 

LOTIIROP,  Nathaniel,  a  pli\  >ician,  died  in 
Plymouth  Oct.  20,  1828,  aged  93.  Bom  in  P., 
he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1756. 

LOUGHBRIDGE.  Mary,  died  at  Tallahassee 
in  1850,  wife  of  Robert  M.  L.,  missionary  to  the 
Creeks,  and  daughter  of  Deacon  Joseph  Avery, 
of  Conway. 

LOVE,  Benjamin,  colonel,  a  Chickasaw  chief, 
died  in  1849.  He  was  an  intelligent  ami  useful 
man,  engaged  in  pul>lie  matters  since  1H32,  when 
he  was  a  chief,  and  the  interjjretcr  at  the  making 
of  the  treaty;  ho  was  a  coniniissioiicr  of  the 
Chickasaw  nation. 

LOVEJOY,  H^iNNAU,  died  in  Amherst,  N.  IL, 
in  1805,  aged  102. 

LOVEJOY,  PoMPLY,  died  in  Andoverin  1826, 
agsd  102.     lie  was  born  a  slave  in  Boston,  but 


LOVELL. 

became  a  frcoman.  He  lived  on  the  spot  whore 
he  died,  ninety-one  years  ;  his  wife  survived  him, 
aged  !)8.  He  was  the  oldest  man  in  the  county 
of  I'nnox,  and  had  his  mentpl  faculties  to  the 
last. 

LOVEJOY,  Daniel,  a  useful  miniKtcr  in 
Maine,  died  in  Albion  in  IH.'JS,  aged  AH.  Ho  was 
the  father  of  sons  of  eminence.  Born  in  Amherst, 
N.  11.,  he  was  settled  in  Robbinston  and  Wind- 
sor, Me.,  and  went  to  Alliion  in  1829. 

LOVEJOY,  Elijah  P.,  son  of  the  preceding, 
was  killed  at  Alton,  III.,  Nov.  7,  1H37,  aged  35. 
He  was  bom  in  Maine  in  1802  ;  graduated  at 
Waterville  in  1826,  and  was  licensed  to  preach  in 
1833.  He  soon  established  the  St.  Louis  Ob- 
server, an  anti-slavery  paper,  which  occasioned  a 
mnl)  in  1836.  Driven  away,  he  re-established  liig 
paper  in  Alton,  where  his  press  was  twice  de- 
stroyed by  mobs.  On  the  attack  for  the  third  time, 
he  was  shot,  while  defending  his  property  against 
lawless  murderers, 

LOVEJOY,  Samuel,  Dr.,  died  in  West  Town- 
send  May  21,  1851,  aged  75.  Ho  was  a  success- 
ful physician,  and  ho  died  in  the  Christian's  hope. 

LOVELL,  John,  a  schoolmaster  in  Boston, 
died  in  1778,  aged  about  70.  He  was  u  descend- 
ant of  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Massachusetts, 
and  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1728, 
and,  after  succeeding  Jeremy  Gridley  as  assistant, 
for  some  joars,  in  the  south  grammar  or  Latin 
school,  was  placed  at  the  head  of  the  school  in 
1738.  He  was  "  the  master  "  nearly  forty  years. 
Many  of  the  principal  men  of  the  Revolution  had 
been  under  his  tuition.  But  unhapjiily  ho  vns 
himself  a  loyalist,  and  in  1770  accompanied  the 
British  army  to  Halifax,  where  he  died.  Master 
Lovell  was  succeeded  in  his  school  by  Samuel 
Hunt.  He  was  a  good  scholar,  of  solid  judg- 
ment, rigiu  hi  discipline,  yet  humorous  and  an 
agreeable  companion.  He  jiublished  a  funeral 
oration  on  P.  Faneuil,  1742,  and  several  poUtieal 
and  theological  ijamjjhlots.  In  the  Pietas,  etc., 
printed  at  Cambridge,  ho  wrote  Nos.  2,  25,  20,  and 
27,  partly  in  Latin.  —  Eliot. 

LOVELL,  James,  a  schoolmaster  in  Boston, 
son  of  the  preceding,  died  in  July,  1814,  aged  70. 
He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  collcgo  in  17.JG, 
and  was  for  many  years  a  teacher  of  the  Latin 
school,  associated  with  his  father.  In  the  Revolu- 
tion he  was  a  firm  whig,  devoted  to  the  cause  of 
liberty.  For  his  patriotic  zeal  Gen.  Gage  shut 
him  uj)  in  prison  ;  and  he  was  carried  as  a  jjiis- 
oner  by  the  British  troops  to  Halifax,  where  he 
was  for  a  long  time  kept  in  close  confinement. 
The  father  was  a  tory  refugee ;  the  son,  a  whig 
prisoner.  On  his  return  to  Boston  he  was  elected 
a  memt)erof  congress,  in  which  station  his  services 
were  ofgreat  advantage  to  his  country.  On  the  com- 
mittee of  foreign  correspondence  he  was  laborious 
and  faithful.    One  of  the  letters  of  the  committee, 


LOVKI.L. 


LOW. 


r)37 


^Vest  Town- 


tn  whifh  liU  nnmr  Ih  ■Vixc<!,  is  dated  Oct.,  1777.  [ 
III  May,  177n,  \w  v  aKNociuti'd  witli  |{.  H. 
I,rc  and  K.  Morrw.  i)U.>rL'  llu'  CHtal)li»liiiipnt  (if 
tlic  jircsc'iil  cDiKilitiilidii  iif  MadKiic'liusitth  lie  waH 
till-  cDllcftiir  of  till'  ruNtoins  fur  lidston,  ami  aOcr- 
wariU  was  naval  (itlici  r  for  lldsfoii  and  Cliarlfs- 
town,  ill  wliich  Ntation  ho  contiiiiu'd  till  iiis  dcatii. 
lit'  |)iii)lisluMl  oratio  in  fuiHTu  II.  Flyntii,  17(i\). 
Several  of  hiH  letters  are  found  in  tiie  life  of  A. 
I-co. 

LOVKLL,  Josicni,  M.  I).,  died  at  Wa.shinj^ton 
Oct.  17,  1830,  Hurj?eon-j(eneral  of  llie  I'nitcd 
States  army.  lie  graduated  at  Harvard  in  ISO"  ; 
entered  the  army  in  IHIU,  and  served  on  the  Nia- 
f,'ara  frontier  j  and  was  then  hospital  surni'on. 
He  was  a  raon  of  talents  and  skill,  ai;d  adorned 
with  the  virtues  of  private  life.  He  left  a  widow 
and  eleven  children.  j 

LOVELL,  Jamks,  major,  died  in  St.  Matthews, 
S.  C,  July  10,  1850,  aged  i»2.  Horn  in  lloston 
July  9,  1758,  the  son  of  James  Lovell,  he  gradu- 
ated in  1776.  Ho  was  in  various  battles  of  the 
war,  and  was  severely  wounded.  He  was  adju- 
tant in  Iice's  legion.  After  all  his  perils,  he  lived 
to  he  the  oldest  graduate  at  Harvard. 

LOVELL,  Ai.i;xani)1:h,  died  in  Nashua,  N.  II., ' 
July  2,  1855,  Qged  08.  Horn  in  llolden,  a  grad- 
uate of  Dartmouth  m  1814,  of  Andover  in  1810, 
he  was  from  1817  for  fifteen  years  a  useful  minis- 
ter of  Vergcnnes ;  then  eleven  years  at  Plulips- 
ton,  when  ill  health  laid  him  aside. 

LOVEWELL,  John,  captain,  the  hero  of  Tig- 
wawkett.  died  in  1725.  lie  was  the  son  of  Zac- 
elieus  L.,  who  was  an  ensign  in  the  army  of  O. 
Cromwell,  and  who  settled  at  Dunstahlc,  and  died 
there,  aged  120,  being  the  oldest  person  who  ever 
died  in  New  Hampshire.  Zaccheus  had  three 
sons:  Zaccheus,  a  colonel  in  the  Frcncli  war  of 
1759;  Jonathan,  a  ,  readier,  representative,  and 
judge;  and  the  subjc(  I  of  this  articK  .  In  the 
Indian  wars  a  large  lounty  being  offered  for 
scalps,  Capt.  Lovewell,  at  the  head  of  a  volunteer 
company  of  thirty  men,  marched  to  the  north  of 
Winipisseogce  lidic  and  killed  an  Indian  and  took 
a  boy  prisoner,  Dec.  19,  1724.  Having  obtained 
his  reward  at  Boston,  he  augmented  his  company 
to  seventy  and  marched  to  the  same  jilace.  There 
dismissing  thirty  men  for  the  want  of  jirovisions, 
he  proceeded  with  forty  men  to  a  pond  in  Wake- 
field, now  called  Lovewell's  pond,  where  he  dis- 
covered ten  Indians  asleep  by  a  fire ;  they  were 
on  their  march  from  Canada  to  the  frontiers.  He 
killed  them  all  Feb.  20,  1725,  and  with  savage 
triumph  entered  Dover  with  their  scalps  hooped 
and  elevated  on  ])oles,  for  each  of  which  one 
hundred  jjounds  was  paid  out  of  the  public  treas- 
ury at  Boston.  He  marched  a  third  time  with 
forty-six  men.  Leaving  a  few  men  at  a  fort, 
wliich  he  built  at  Ossipce  pond,  he  jirocecded  with 
tliirty-four  men  to  the  north  end  of  a  pond  in 
«8 


I'igwawkett.  now  Fryebiirg  In  Maine,  and  there  a 
severe  action  was  fnugbt  with  u  party  of  forty- 
two  Indians, riininiandcd  by  I'augus  and  Wahwa, 
May  N,  1725.  .\t  the  first  tire  L(i\e\M  II  and 
eight  of  his  men  wer"  killed  ;  the  remainder  re- 
treated a  ^llll^t  distance  to  a  favorable  position 
and  <l('l'eiided  lliimselves.  AVitli  the  |iond  in 
their  rear,  the  mouth  of  an  iiliforduble  brook  on 
their  right,  a  rocky  point  on  their  left,  and  having 
also  the  shelter  of  some  large  ])ine  trees,  they 
fought  bravely  from  ten  o'clock  till  evening,  when 
the  liiiliaiis,  —  who  had  lost  their  leader,  I'augus, 
killed  by  Mr.  {'Iiambeilain,  —  retired,  and  fled 
from  I'igwawkett.  I'.iiHign  Kobbiiis  and  two 
others  were  mortally  wounded;  these  were  neces- 
sarily left  liehind  to  die.  Eleven,  wounded  but 
able  to  march,  and  niii",  unhurt,  at  the  rising  of 
the  moon  quitted  the  fatal  spot.  Jonathan  Fryc, 
the  chaplain,  Lieut.  I'arwell,  and  another  man, 
(lied  in  the  woods  in  c(Hise(pience  of  their  wounds. 
The  others,  with  the  widows  and  children  of  the 
slain,  received  a  grant  of  Lovewell's  town,  or 
Suncook,  now  Pembroke,  N.  IL,  in  '728,  in  re- 
compense of  their  sufferings.  The  iiodies  of 
twelve  were  afterwards  found  l)y  Col.  Tyng  and 
buried.  C'^pt.  L.  hud  two  sons;  John  died  in 
Dunstable,  and  Col.  Xehemiah  in  Corinth,  Ver- 
mont. 1  lis  daughter  married  Cajit.  Joseph  Baker 
of  rembrokc.  The  last  of  his  ccmijiany,  Thos. 
Ainsworth,  died  at  Brookfield  Jan.,  1704,  aged 
85.  —  Sijmmes'  Memoirs  of  the  Fight ;  Farmer} 
ItelkuK)),  11.01-70;  Farmer's  Hist.  Coll.l.;  il. 
01,180;  in.  01, 173. 

LOVEWELL,  Mr.,  died  in  Dunstable,  N.  IL, 
aged  120.  He  died  many  years  ago,  but  the  date 
of  his  death  has  not  been  ascertained.  He  was 
the  father  of  Col.  Zaccheus  L.,  mentioned  by 
lielknaj). 

LOW,  Samufx,  a  poet,  was  bom  in  1705.  lie 
published  at  New  York,  two  small  vols,  of  poems, 
1800. 

LOW,  Jamks,  M.  D.,a  physician,  died  in  1822, 
aged  40.  He  was  born  at  Albany  Dec.  9,  1781, 
and  was  educated  at  Schenectady  college,  lie 
studied  Ms  profession  four  years  at  Edinburgh, 
and,  retuiiiing  in  1808,  commenced  the  jiracticc  at 
Ailiaii)  in  connection  with  his  former  teacher,  Dr. 
^\'m.  .^(crielland,  and  was  extensively  cmjiloyed. 
'or  soiiu.  years  he  delivered  lectures  on  chemis- 
ly.  He  was  a  scholar,  an  enthusiast  in  poetry, 
and  a  promoter  of  learning,  lie  published  an 
inaugural  dissertation,  de  tetano,  1 807  ;  account 
of  the  ejiidemic  pneumonia,  in  metUcal  register, 
IV. ;  observations  on  the  moth  destructive  to  bees; 
notes  to  Hooper's  Vade  Mecum,  and  to  Bell  on 
the  venereal.  —  Thavhcr. 

LOW,  A.\N,  died  in  Rye,  N.  Y.,  in  1849,  aged 
91,  at  the  house  of  her  son-in-law,  Rev.  M.  De 
Vinne.  Her  maiden  name  was  Creglerc,  of  Hu- 
guenot descent.     I'^sccpting  sixty  years  in  New 


538 


LOW. 


LOWNT)l;S. 


m) 


York,  the  1  «t  of  lici  lifu  wan  upent  in  the  itin- 
erocy  of  Ijcr  daii^litcrN,  in  coiiiici'tiun  with  tht 
Mctliodint  c-htiu'h. 

LOW,  Skiii,  (lied  nt  Ilr.mklyn,  \.  Y.,  in  185.% 
agrd  71.  Horn  in  (ilourrstrr,  hv  fjriuiimli'ij  iil 
Ilarvnnl  in  INdl.  A  nicrcliiuit,  he  IImcI  iii.SaU'm 
nnd  New  Yi)ri<,  and  was  a  iiinn  of  judgment,  of 
gcnorouM  charity  and  indiicnci'. 

LOWICLL,  John,  mini>.ti'r  in  Xrwhuryport, 
died  Moy  !.'».  1"(>7,  ajfcd  (i.'l.  He  won  a  deBccnd- 
ant  of  I'crcival  [..,  a  merchant,  wlio  came  from 
Bristol,  I'liKli.uid,  and  scltled  at  Newbury,  where 
he  died  .lull.  H,  KUi.j.  His  father,  F.henezer  F,. 
of  ItoHton,  die<l  in  lioNton  in  I'll,  n);ed  '.W.  He 
was  born  March  11,  170l,  jfraduated  nt  Harvard 
college  in  1721,  was  ordained  over  the  third 
church  in  Newbury  Jan.  1!>,  17'-'0.  Mr.  C'ary  wan 
his  RUCceNHor.  He  wa.s  amiiiiile,  caniud,  lilierai, 
and  Nocial,  reKjiectcd  for  Iun  hNirning,  and  a  useful 
miniMtcr.  He  jiublished  a  .sermon  at  tlie  ordina- 
tion of  T.  Darimrd,  173H;  before  Col.  Titcoml) 
nnd  hi8  Holdiers,  1755 ;  on  the  death  of  Col.  .Moses 
Titcomb,  who  fell  near  Lake  CJeor^e,  1700. — 
Tucker's  Funeral  Herman  ;  Spraijvr'n  Annals. 

LOWELL,  John,  LL.  I).,  judge,  the  Hon  of 
the  preceding,  died  nt  lloxbury  MnyO,  1802,  aged 
68.  He  was  graduated  ut  llarvord  college  in  the 
year  1700.  Having  settled  in  Boston  as  n  lawyer, 
he  was  chosen  a  member  of  eongrcss  in  1781.  Of 
the  convention  which  formed  the  constitution  of 
Mossnchusetts  he  was  a  distinguished  member. 
In  1789  Washington  npiiointcd  him  judge  of  the 
district  court,  nnd  on  the  new  organization  of  the 
courts  of  the  United  States  in  Feb.,  1801,  he  was 
appointed  chief  judge  of  the  first  circuit.  Unit- 
ing to  a  vigorous  mind,  which  was  enriched  with 
literary  acquisitions,  a  refined  ta.ste  nnd  concilia- 
tory manners,  and  being  sincere  in  the  profession 
and  practice  of  the  Christian  religion,  his  decease 
was  deeply  felt  and  lamented.  For  eighteen 
years  he  was  a  member  of  the  corporation  of 
Harvard  college,  and  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
American  academy.  His  son,  Francis  C,  n  pro- 
prietor of  the  Lowell  factories,  died  in  1817;  his 
son,  liev.  Charles  L.,  is  still  living.  He  wrote 
an  English  poem,  No.  3,  in  the  "  Pietas,"  etc., 
printed  at  Can. bridge.  He  jironounced  before 
the  American  academy  of  arts  and  sciences,  in 
Jan.,  1791,  an  elegant  eulogy  on  their  late  presi- 
dent, James  Bowdoin,  which  is  prefixed  to  the 
second  volume  of  the  memoirs  of  that  society. 

LOWELL,  John,  died  in  Bombay  in  Feb., 
1836,  aged  37,  oldest  son  of  Francis  C.  I-.  In- 
heriting early  an  ample  fortune,  he  yet  toiled  for 
learning.  Losing  his  wife  and  children,  he  trav- 
elled in  Greece,  Syria,  Egyj)t,  Nubia,  and  Abys- 
sinia, He  liad  moral  and  religious  jirincijile,  and 
was  esteemed  in  the  relations  of  life  ond  by  his 
fellow-citizens. 

LOWELT,,  John,  LL.  D.,  died  of  apoplexy  at 


Boston  March  1.',  i'>10,  aged  70.  He  wan  the 
Hon  of  Judge  I  .»■•'  I,  ui"!  was  liom  at  Newtiury- 
port  Oct.  0, 17tl.>,  -...ih  rraduutcd  at  Cnniliridge  in 
t7MI;  and,  afttr  |irnctisiiig  the  law  till  of  the  ago 
of  31,  he  left  the  bar.  J/'  18();j  he  went  to 
llurope  for  the  !)■  lelil  of  his  health,  After  his 
return  he  wrote  much  for  the  newspapers  anil 
jounials,  few  nuii  exercising  so  great  an  inlliienee 
over  ])ublie  o|iinion.  He  was  of  the  f<  deral 
school.  His  political  ])icces  appeart  <1  chietlv  in 
the  (Vnfinel ;  he  wrote  also  on  theologii.al 
controversial  matters  and  agriculture.  He  won 
the  author  of  twenty-five  or  more  |mm|ihletN, 
l''rom  1810  tr)  1822  he  was  one  of  the  corpora- 
tion of  the  college.  Of  the  Massaelnisetts  gen- 
eral hospital,  the  athenirum,  the  savings  bank, 
and  the  hos])ital  life  insurance  company  he  was 
one  of  the  founders.  Ho  was  frank,  fearless, 
generous,  sometimes  imjietuous, 

LOWNDE.S,  WiLi.i.\.M,  LL.  D.,  a  statesman, 
was  a  native  of  South  Carolina,  and  was  n  distin- 
guished member  of  congress  for  a  jieriod  of  ten 
years  from  about  1812  to  1822,  when  from  ill 
iiealth  he  resigned.  In  1818  he  was  chairman  of 
the  committee  of  ways  and  means.  While  on  u 
voyage  from  Philadelphia  to  London  in  the  ship 
Moss,  ho  died  at  sea,  Oct,  27,  1822,  aged  42, 
His  family  was  with  him.  A  writer  in  the  Na- 
tional Register  describes  him  as  tall,  slender,  ema- 
ciated, of  a  rueful  coimtcnance;  a  man  of  wealth 
and  probity ;  modest,  retiring,  and  imambitious  j 
with  a  minil  of  the  first  order,  vigorous,  compre- 
hensive, and  logical,  and  a  memory  of  uncommon 
power,  and  standing  in  the  first  rank  of  American 
statesmen.  There  must  have  been  some  most 
extraordinary  excellences  in  his  character,  for  he 
was  respected  and  beloved  even  by  his  jjolitical 
adversaries.  He  had  a  heart  of  kindness,  j)urity 
of  morals,  frankness  and  candor,  a  sound  judg- 
ment, wisdom  pre-eminent,  and  patriotism  most 
ardent.  His  feeble  voice  and  awkward  gesticula- 
tion were  of  little  advantage  to  his  oratory.  But 
his  strong,  comprehensive  mind,  and  his  love  of 
country,  together  with  his  virtues,  gave  hira  a 
persuasive  jiower.  On  hearing  of  the  victory  of 
Lake  Erie,  he  rose  and  electrified  the  house  with 
his  eloquence.  Had  he  lived,  he  might  have  been 
the  jjresideut  of  the  United  States.  It  was  said 
of  him  in  congress  by  Mr.  Taylor  of  New  York  : 
"  The  highest  and  best  hopes  of  the  counti-y 
looked  to  Wm.  Lowndes  for  their  fulfilment.  The 
most  honorable  office  in  the  civilized  world,  the 
chief-magistracy  of  this  free  jjcojile,  would  have 
been  illustrated  by  his  virtues  and  talents,"  Con- 
cerning that  office,  of  seeking  which,  by  any  in- 
trigue or  artifice  or  effort  of  his  own  whatever, 
^Ir,  Lowndes  was  totally  incapable,  he  remarked  • 
"  The  office  of  president  of  the  United  States  is 
one  neither  to  be  solicited  nor  declined."  It  were 
happy  for  our  country,  if  the  same  modest  spirit 


LOWNDI'.S. 


LUSK. 


689 


rtprtcil  n  controlling  cfrcrt  Dvpr  our  nrrat  ntntcn- ' 
mi'ii,  nnd  if  llu'  lionorii  nf  hixh   oHii'i'  were  nirr- 
iti'il  l>y  public  di'rvii'i'H  mid  privuti'  virtucM,  iind  not 
■ouKlit. 

I.OWNDI'.S,  TiioMAM.dicd  ntC'harliHton,  S.  C, 
July  H,  IHi;),  a>;i'(l  77.  1 1 r  was  the  ('Idcxt  oon  of 
lliiwliiiH  L.,  wlio  won  prt'Nidi'nt  of  South  Carolina 
in  177H-17N(l.  Mr.  I,,  vn*  in  conxrenH  in  1801- 
IHd.i.and  watt  t'lo<iuont  in  dcliatc. 

I.OWUKY,  (iKoiMJi:,  major,  a  iliKlinffuiNhcd 
Clii'roki'c,  died  Oct.  '20,  IH.VJ,  n^rd  al)out  SL'.  lie 
wrt.t  a  deacon  in  Mr.  Worcester'*  church.  Horn 
on  the  TennosHee  river  al)ont  17"(t,  he  wan  one  of 
the  deleffntes  who  vi»ited  I'reHident  \VuHhinp;ton 
at  Philadelphia  in  1701  or  1792,  and  who  made 
the  treaty  of  1819  i  he  wa«  a  memlier  of  the  con- 
vention which  framed  the  conBtitution  of  the 
Cherokee  nation  in  1827,  and  was  elected  nRsist- 
ant  pnnci])al  chief.  lie  Husttoined  various  olfices, 
and  wa»  an  honest  man,  a  pure  patriot,  a  devoted 
Christian.  Ho  wrote  a  tract  on  temperance  in 
Cherokee,  whicii  was  printed,  and  he  aided  in  the 
translation  of  the  Scri])tures.  As  he  was  uhout 
to  die,  he  expressed  liis  reliance  on  the  atoning 
blood  of  Christ. 

LOWRIK,  Walter  M.,  missionary  to  China 
of  the  Presbyterian  board,  was  murdered  by 
pirates,  being  thrown  into  the  sea,  in  Aug.,  1847. 
He  was  the  son  of  Walter  L.,  secretary  of  the 
Presbyterian  board,  and  brother  of  John  C.  L., 
missionary  in  Northern  India.  lie  was  on  his  re- 
turn from  Shanghae,  where  he  hod  attended  a 
convention  of  missionaries  to  revise  the  transla- 
tion of  the  New  Testament.  R.  W.  Dickinson 
has  spoken  of  him  in  the  columns  of  the  Observer, 
Jan.  8,  1848. 

JjOWKY,  Jameh,  a  minister  in  Chester  district, 
S.  C,  died  in  1853,  leaving  1000  dollars  for  for- 
eign missions,  and  the  same  for  domestic  mis- 
sions. 

LUCAS,  WiLLUM,  minister  of  Auburn,  N.  Y., 
died  in  1839. 

LUCAS,  John  B.  C,  died  at  St.  Louis  in  1842, 
aged  about  80.  Bom  in  Normandy,  he  was  edu- 
cated at  Caen,  and  became  doctor  of  laws.  He 
emigrated  in  1784  to  Pittsburg.  While  a  mem- 
ber of  congress,  Mr.  Jefferson,  in  1805,  nominated 
him  as  a  judge  in  Louisiana,  an  office  which  he 
held  till  1820. 

LUDLOW,  Roger,  deputy-governor  of  Mas- 
sachusetts and  of  Connecticut,  was  a  jiious  gen- 
tleman of  a  good  family  in  the  west  of  England, 
and  came  to  this  country  with  Maverick  and 
Warham,  and  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Dor- 
chester in  1630.  lie  was  an  assistant  four  years, 
being  chosen  such  in  England.  In  May,  1632, 
when  Gov.  Winthrop  told  him  that  the  people 
intended  to  ask  of  the  next  general  court  that  the 
assistants  might  bo  chosen  annually,  "  he  grew 


into  pnsxion  nnil   "aid,  that  then  w  •  should  I  "Vt 
no  giiveninii'nt,  cic."     In    Ui;U    ho   was  t'  '»:i)- 
giiviTiiot  i  but,  failing  III  lie  chosen  gove    'm,  Ih5 
('oni|ilainH  of  the  rlection,  an  iigrecd  iip<<  .    y  I  i<» 
deputies  in  private.     For  ihi^'  be  was  I  'ft  .lut  of 
the  magistracy.     In  conHC(|ii(ncc  hi'  removed  in 
Ki.'j.j,  with   the  first  settlers,  to  Windsor,  -.itid  ia 
Connecticut  he  was  for  nineteen  years  one  of  tho 
most    useful    and   distingniMhed    men.     He    was 
every  year  a  magistrate  or  deputy-gnvernor  ;  ho 
wiis  also  one  of  the  eommissioni  rs  of  the  united 
cnloiiies.     Removing  in  Ki.'til  to  l''airHeld,  his  sit- 
uation  made  him   particularly  interested  in  tho 
protection  of  the  western   frontier   against   the 
Dutch  and  Indians.     The  commissioners,  in  con- 
sequence of  an   alleged  plot  of  the  Dutch,  v<ited, 
in  1053,  to  make  war  against  them  ;  but  Massa- 
chusetts refused  to  concur,  much   to  the  dissatis- 
faction of  New  lluven,  and  in  disregard,  it  was 
asserted,  of  the  power  stipulated  to  belong  to  the 
commissioners,  to  make  war  and  peace.     At  this 
period  the  inhabitants  of  Fairfield  determined  to 
make  war  with  Maidiadocs,  and  chose  Mr.  Ludlow 
commander-in-chief.     He  accepted  the  appoint- 
ment.    Rut  the  general  court  of  New  Tliiven  dis- 
countenanced the  project,  and  punished  his  offi- 
cers. Basset  and  ('hai)inan,for  attempting  to  make 
an  insurrection,  and  for  raising  volunteers.    Prob- 
ably, in  consequence  of  this  atfair,  Mr.  Ludlow 
embarked,  in  April,  1054,  for  Virginia,  with  his 
family,  and  carried  away  the  records  of  Fairfield 
with  him.     The  time  and  place  of  his  death  are 
not  known.     Mr.  Endicott  was  his  brother-in-law. 
He  was  ambitious  and  aspiring.     Yet  he  deserves 
honorable  remembrance  for  his  knowledge  of  ju- 
risprudence and  various  public  services.     He  com- 
piled the  first  Connecticut  code  of  laws,  which 
wos  printed  in  1672. 

LUDNUM,  Augusta  V.,  Miss,  a  celebrated 
])ianist  of  Cincinnati,  died  at  New  Orleans  Jon. 
30,  1851. 

LUNDY,  Benjamin,  died  at  Hennepin,  111.,  in 
Sept.,  1839;  editor  of  the  genius  of  universal 
emancijiation. 

LUNSFORD,  Lewis,  a  Baptist  minister,  died 
in  Virginia  Oct.  26,  1793,  aged  40.  With  little 
education,  he  was  an  eloquent  and  celebrated 
])reacher,  the  ])astor  of  Moratico  church,  residing 
in  1779  in  Northumberland.  He  sometimes  ap- 
peared more  like  an  angel  than  a  man  his  face 
lieaming  with  light,  and  his  style  and  manner 
most  energetic  and  sublime.  Though  in  charge 
of  on  ojmlent  church,  he  was  poor  and  neg- 
lected ;  being,  as  ministers  in  all  ages  have  often 
been,  like  the  camels  of  Arabia,  who,  while  they 
carry  spices  and  jewels,  feed  on  coarse  shrubs 
and  thistles. 

LUSK,  John,  died  near  McMinnville,  Tenn., 
in  June,  1838,  aged  104.    Born  on  Long  Island, 


540 


LUTIIER. 


LYMAN. 


[•.iff  ^'kPll 


he  was  a  soldier  in  the  French  and  Revolutionarj- 
warn. 

LUTIIER,  Samuel,  a  Baptist  minister  of 
Swansey  from  1085,  died  in  1717.  lie  was  a 
man  of  character,  of  talents  and  faithfulness. 

LUZERNE,  CiESAR  Anxic  de  la,  chevalier, 
minister  from  France  to  Ihe  United  States,  suc- 
ceeded M.  Gerard,  having  been  ])revioiisly  em- 
ployed in  a  di])]omatic  capacity  in  Bavaria.  He 
arrived  at  I'hiladeljihia  Sept.  21, 1779,  from  which 
time  till  the  end  of  the  war  he  continued  in  his 
office,  ha\ing  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  the 
American  people.  After  five  years  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  M.  Barbe  Marbois,  the  secretary  of 
legation,  as  charg6  d'afl'aires.  From  Jan.,  1788, 
Luzerne  was  ambasr.ador  at  London  till  his  death, 
Sept.  14,  1791,  at  the  age  of  50.  His  correspon- 
dence in  regard  to  America  is  published  in  the 
10th  ana  llth^'ols.  of  diplomatic  correspondence, 
edited  by  Jr.red  Sparks. 

LYFORD,  John,  a  preacher,  was  sent  over 
abovt  1623  as  an  enemy  of  the  Pl}Tnouth  com- 
pany. He  was  well  received  and  employed  for  a 
while  83  a  minister ;  but,  his  character  being  dis- 
covered, he  was  banished.  He  then  preached, 
about  1626,  in  Gloucester,  Mass.,  and  thence  went 
to  Virginia,  where  he  died  miserably. 

LYMAN,  PiiiNEius,  major-general,  died  in 
1775,  aged  about  59.  He  was  born  at  Durham, 
Conn.,  about  1716,  was  graduated  in  1738  at  Yale 
college,  in  which  he  was  afterwards  a  tutor  three 
years,  and  settled  as  a  lawyer  in  SuflSeld.  He 
sustained  various  public  offices.  In  1755  he  was 
appointed  major-general  and  commander-in-chief 
of  the  Connecticut  forces.  When  Sir  W.  John- 
son was  wounded  in  the  battle  of  Lake  George, 
the  command  devolved  on  him,  and  he  animated 
his  men  to  a  successful  combat.  For  five  hours, 
in  front  of  the  breastwork,  he  issued  his  orders 
with  the  utmost  coolness.  Yet  Johnson,  who  was 
in  every  respect  liis  inferior,  in  his  mean  jealousy 
gave  him  no  praise ;  he  wished  to  bear  away  the 
honor  himself;  he  was,  in  fact,  made  a  baronet 
for  this  battle,  and  received  5,000  pounds.  In 
1758  he  served  with  Abercrombie,  and  was  with 
Lord  Howe  when  he  was  killed.  He  was  also  at 
the  capture  of  Crown  Point  by  Amherst,  and  at 
the  surrender  of  Montreal.  In  1762  he  com- 
manded the  provincial  troops  in  the  expedition 
against  Havana.  His  services  were  imj)ortant, 
and  he  acquired  a  liigh  reputation.  In  17C3  he 
went  to  England  as  the  agent  of  a  company, 
called  the  "Military  adventurers,"  and  wasted 
eleven  years  of  his  Hfe.  The  company  had  pur- 
chased of  the  Six  Nations  of  Indians,  under  the 
authority  of  Connecticut,  a  tract  of  land  on  the 
Susquehannah  river.  The  proprietors  of  Penn- 
sylvania claiming  the  same  tract,  the  government 
of  Connecticut  recommended  to  the  company  to 
obtain  a  confirmation  from  the  king.    For  this 


purpose  Gen.  Lyman  went  to  England.  Proba- 
bly he  formed  other  projects.  Dr.  Dwight  rep- 
resents that  the  olyect  of  the  company  was  to 
obtain  a  tract  on  the  Mississipjii  and  Yazoo. 
Being  deluded  for  years  by  idle  promises,  his 
mind  sunk  dowr  I'to  imbecility.  At  last  his  wife, 
who  was  a  sister  of  Dr.  Dwight's  father,  sent  his 
second  son  to  England  to  solicit  his  return,  in 

1774.  About  this  time  a  tract  was  {i;ranted  to 
the  ])etitioners.  After  his  return  he  embarked 
with  Ills  eldest  son  for  the  Mississipjii.  Both 
died  soon  after  their  arrival  at  West  Florida,  in 

1775.  Mrs.  Lyman  and  all  her  family,  Init  her 
second  son,  accompanied  by  her  only  brother. 
Col.  Dwight,  proceeded  in  1776  to  the  neighlior- 
hood  of  Natcliez.  Within  a  few  months  she  died, 
and  Col.  Dwight  also  died  in  1777.  The  Sjiaiiish 
war  compelled  the  whole  company,  in  1781  or 
1782,  to  flee  from  Natchez,  and  with  incredible 
sufferings  to  make  a  journey  of  more  than  one 
thousand  miles  to  Savannah,  where  two  of  the 
daughters  of  Gen.  Lyman  died.  His  four  sons 
joined  the  British  in  the  war.  One  of  them,  once 
brilUant,  gay,  and  ingenious,  came  to  Suffield, 
about  1783,  penniless,  and  died  in  poverty  and 
melancholy.  The  history  of  this  unhappy  family 
is  not  encouraging  to  adventure  and  emigration. 
—  Dwight,  I.  305;  m.  361. 

LYMAN,  Isaac,  minister  of  York,  died  March 
12,  1810,  aged  85.  Born  in  Northampton,  he 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1717.  He  was  ordained 
Dec.  20,  1749,  so  that  he  was  sixty  years  in  the 
ministry.  His  widow,  Ruth,  died  in  March,  1824, 
aged  93. 

LYMAN,  Gebshom  C,  first  minister  of  Marl- 
borough, Vt,  died  in  1813,  aged  61.  Born  in 
Lebanon,  Conn.,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1773, 
and  was  ordained  Dec.  9,  1778. 

LYMAN,  Joseph,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Hatfield, 
Mass.,  died  March  27,  1328,  aged  78.  He  was 
the  son  of  Jonathan,  of  Lebanon,  Conn.,  and  was 
graduated  in  1769  at  Yale  college,  where  he  was 
a  tutor  from  1770  to  1771.  Soon  afterwards  he 
was  ordaii.jd  at  Hatfield,  as  the  successor  of  Mr. 
Woodbridge,  and  died  in  consequence  of  a  can- 
cerous humor,  wliich  afflicted  him  nearly  two 
years.  In  his  painful  sickness  he  never  com- 
plained; his  last  words  expressed  his  trust  in 
Christ  as  a  SaN-iour.  He  was  an  original  menihcr 
of  the  American  foreign  mission  society,  and  in 
1823  and  several  subsequent  years  was  its  \i\-qA- 
dent.  He  published  election  sermon,  1787;  two 
occasional  sermons,  1804;  at  orduiation  of  W. 
Graves,  1791 ;  of  H.  Lord,  1804;  of  T.  H.  Wood, 
1806;  of  D.  Huntington,  1809;  of  S.  Hopkins, 
1811 ;  at  the  convention,  1806  ;  at  the  opening  of 
the  bridge,  1807;  at  Charlestown,  1811;  on  the 
death  of  £.  Hopkins,  1811;  of  R.  Woodbridge, 
1819 ;  of  C.  Strong,  1819 ;  before  American  board, 
1819;  before  Hampshire  ministers,    1821;  two 


LYM.W. 


LYOX. 


)ll 


sermons  on  the  overthrow  of  the  French  army  in 
llussin,  ]H\:i.--  Sj)rn(jiir's  A iin'il.i.  ! 

I.Y.MAX,  William,  bri^radicr-f^rneral,  consul  i 
of  the  United  States  at  London,  was  a  native  of  ! 
Northampton,  ^Mass.,  and  (graduated  at  Yule  rnl- 
le^e  in  1770.  For  some  years  lie  was  a  nieniher 
of  conj,'ress  from  Hampsliire  county,  then  resid- 
ing at  X(/rtham]iton.  He  went  in  180.">  as  con- 
sul to  lionuoii,  where  he  died  in  Oct.,  1811,  aged 
ahout  r>H.  I 

LYMAN,  TliKODORK,  died  at  Wahham  May  \ 
'21,  1HL>!),  aged  SO.  lie  had  heen  a  merchant  in  I 
Uoston,  and  was  a  man  of  liberal  charities. 

LYALVN,  TllEODOKi;,  son  of  the  preceding,  I 
died  in  Boston  in  1841).  He  was  a  graduate  of 
1810,  and  mayor  of  Boston.  He  published,  A  few 
weeks  in  I'uris,  1814 ;  jiolitical  state  of  Italy, 
18'J0;  oration  July  4, 1820;  three  weeks  in  Paris  ; 
account  of  the  Hartford  convention,  1S23  ;  diplo- 
KMV  of  the  United  States,  2  vols.,  1820. 

LY>L\N,  William,  D.  1).,  minister  of  Had- 
dam.  Conn.,  and  China,  N.  Y.,  died  in  1833,  aged 
about  70.  He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1784.  He 
published  the  election  sermon  in  1806 ;  a  sermon 
on  the  death  of  Mrs.  Griswold,  of  Lyme ;  a  ded- 
ication sermon  at  Lebanon,  1807  j  at  the  ordina- 
tion of  J.  Harvey,  1810. 

LY^LVN,  Henuy,  a  missionary,  was  killed  with 
Mr.  Munson  by  the  Battahs  at  Sumatra,  June  28, 
1834,  aged  24.  He  was  born  at  Northampton, 
the  son  of  Theodore  and  Susan  W.  Lyman,  and 
a  graduate  of  Amherst  in  1829,  in  a  class  of 
thirty-eight  jiersons,  of  whom  twenty-six  were 
mniisters.  He  attended  medical  lectures  at  Bow- 
doin  college,  preparatory  to  his  fatal  mission. 
There  is  a  monument  to  liis  memory  at  North- 
ampton, near  the  grave  of  Brainerd.  His  wife 
was  Eliza  Fond,  of  Boston.  His  mother  died  at 
Montreal  June  12,  1855,  aged  68;  his  sister 
Helen  ^lied  there  also  in  1852.  Another  sister 
has  been  for  years  at  the  head  of  an  excellent 
school  for  young  ladies  in  Montreal.  He  pub- 
lished Condition  of  females  in  Pagan  countries. 

LY^LVN,  Elipiialet,  muiister  of  South  Wood- 
stock, Conn.,  died  in  i  ''36,  aged  81.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  in  1776.  He  published  two  dis- 
courses, with  an  appendix,  1794. 

LY-ALVN,  Asa,  died  at  Clinton,  N.  Y.,  in  1836, 
aged  about  00.  The  brother  of  llev.  Dr.  \Vm. 
L.,  he  was  graduated  at  Yale  in  1797;  was  minis- 
ter of  Hamden,Conn.,  for  three  years  from  1800; 
was  mhiister  in  Bath,  Me.,  from  1806  to  1808, 
when  he  was  dismissed  for  ill  health.  He  was 
afterwards  a  publisher  of  hooks  in  Portland,  after- 
wa"ls  in  New  York,  Newark,  and  Buffalo.  Two 
ofliis  sons  were  ministers  of  the  Episcopal  church 
in  Maryland. 

LY^LVN,  Lewis,  merchant,  died  at  Hartford, 
Vt.,  Jan.  29,  1837,  aged  45. 
LYM.(VN,  Josiii'ii,  judge,  died  in  Northampton, 


Ma.ss.,  in  Dec.,  1847,  aged  80.  Born  in  N.,  he 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1783.  When  lie  was  young 
a  falling  tree  killed  his  companion,  while  he  es- 
ca])ed.  He  was  clerk  of  the  courts,  judge  of  tiie 
common  plea.i,  judge  of  probate,  and  sheriff  of 
Ham])shire.  He  voted  at  fifty-nine  annual  elec- 
tions. Of  the  Hartford  convention  he  was  a 
member,  and  of  that  for  revising  the  State  con- 
stitution. To  the  town  of  N.  he  was  a  benefactor, 
giving  the  land  for  the  boys' high  school.  He 
was  descended  from  John  L.,  a  first  setthr  of  X., 
by  Benjamin,  Joseph,  and  Captain  Joseph,  his 
father,  who  died  in  1804,  aged  70.  —  Ellis'  Ser- 
mon. 

LYNCH,  Thomas,  a  patriot  of  the  Revolution, 
was  born  Aug.  5,  1749,  at  Prhice George's  parish, 
S.  C.  His  ancestor.  Jonaek  L.,  emigrated  from 
Ireland.  He  was  educated  at  F^ton  and  Cam- 
bridge, F'ngland,  and  afterwards  studied  law  at 
the  Tem.])le.  In  1772  he  returned.  In  1775  he 
rommanded  n  company  in  the  first  South  Carolina 
regiment.  Being  chosen  to  succeed  his  father, 
then  in  ill  health,  as  a  member  of  congress,  he 
signed  in  1776  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 
He  set  out  on  his  return  in  company  with  his 
father,  who  died  at  Annapolis.  His  own  ill  health 
constrained  him  at  the  close  of  1779  to  embark  with 
his  wife,  in  a  ship  commanded  by  Capt.  Morgan,  but 
nothing  was  ever  afterwards  known  concerning  the 
vessel.  Probably  he  and  his  companion  went 
down  together  into  the  de])th  of  the  ocean.  He 
was  about  twenty-eight  years  of  age.  He  had 
ability,  integrity,  and  firmness,  and  was  amiable 
in  the  relations  of  jirivate  life. —  Goodrich. 

LYN1)1%  Benjamin,  chief  justice  of  Massachu- 
Fetts,  died  March  2H,  1*45,  aged  79.  He  was 
born  at  Salem  in  ICOti ;  graduated  at  Harvard 
college  in  1080;  and  studied  law  at  the  temple". 
n»'  was  ai)])ointed  a  judge  in  1712,  and  chief 
justice  in  1729.  From  1723  to  1737  he  was  a 
member  of  the  council. 

LYNDE,  Bi;.>JAMlN,  chief  justice  of  Massa- 
chusetts, son  of  the  preceding,  died  in  1781,  aged 
about  63.  He  was  graduated  in  1718;  from 
1737  he  was  for  many  years  a  member  of  the 
counc'l.  At  the  trir.l  of  Capt.  Preston  in  1770 
he  presided  in  court.  He  resigned  the  office  of 
chief  justice  in  1772. 

LYNDON,  JosiAS,  governor  of  Ilhode  IsIaTid 
in  1768,  died  in  1778,  aged  74.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Baptist  society  in  Providence,  to  which 
he  bequeathed  his  house  and  other  iirojierty. 

LYON,  IliriLMU),  a  poet,  came  early  to  this 
country.  In  1649  he  was  a  private  tutor  to  a 
young  English  student  at  Cambridge,  and  lived 
with  President  Dunster ;  he  was  a  preacher. 
After  F'liot's  Bay  Psalms  were  published,  when 
it  was  deemed  necessary  to  revise  them,  Mr.  Lyon 
was  appointed  to  this  service  with  President 
Dunster.    Many  passages  from  other  parts  of  the 


.<  (I 


542 


LYON. 


ru 


bible,  called  the  spiritual  sonp^s  of  the  Old  and 
New  TcHtnmcnt,  are  inserted.  The  20th  edition 
was  published  in  1722. 

LYON,  James,  minister  of  Brookhaven,  N.  Y., 
died  in  October,  1790,  aged  00. 

LYON,  Asa,  minister  in  South  Hero,  Grand  Isle, 
Vt.,  died  April  4,  1841,  aged  78.  Born  in  Mas- 
sachusetts, he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1 790,  and 
commenced  preaching  the  gospel  in  Grand  Isle 
county,  when  the  settlement  was  new,  and  he  was 
venerated  in  his  old  a^^e.  lie  was  a  jjreacher 
more  than  fifty  years,  and  lived  at  Gi^nd  Isle 
forty  years. 

LYON,  Mart,  principal  of  Mount  Ilolyoke 
female  seminary,  died  at  South  Iladloy  March 
6,  1849,  aged  o2.  She  was  born  of  pious  parents, 
in  the  humble  walks  of  life,  in  a  retired  s])ot  among 
the  green  mountains,  in  Buckland,  Hampden 
county.  On  the  same  mountains  were  born  the 
missionaries  Parsons,  Fisk,  and  King.  Ivirly  be- 
reaved of  her  father,  she  yet  enjojed  ilie  care 
of  a  Christian  mother.  She  was  first  the  teacher 
of  a  di.^trict  school,  evincing  talent  and  skill. 
Her  own  academical  studies  were  pursued  under 
Joseph  Emerson.  She  toiled  a  while  in  the 
academy  of  Ashfield  i  then  became  the  associate 
of  Miss  Grant  in  ihe  academy  of  Derry.  Thence 
they  removed  to  Ij)swich,  and  for  years  Miss 
Grant  conducted  a  po])ular  female  academy  with 
Miss  I.yon  for  her  assistant.  But  now  Miss  L. 
formed  the  plan  of  Mount  Holyoke  semhiary  at 
South  lladlcy,  near  Mount  Holyoke.  Hers  was 
the  plan,  and  the  lalxir  of  collecting  funds,  and 
arranging  the  buildings,  and  the  course  of  instruc- 
tion. Sh'-  j)rosi(le(l  for  years  over  an  admirable 
school,  in  a  beautiful  brick  college,  whose  ])ro- 
portions  are  visible  to  the  traveller  on  the  rail- 
road on  the  western  side  of  the  Connecticut 
river,  furnishing  rooms  to  more  than  two  hundred 
young  ladies.  Miss  L.'s  olijects  were  to  bring 
the  mf'uns  of  a  thorough  education  within  the 
ability  of  the  Ichs  wealthy,  and  in  the  three  years' 
coursi  to  train  uji  aeeon^  pli.shed  teachers,  sending 
tbf.il  out  in  great  numbers  to  the  far  west.  Thus 
has  slie  been  an  almost  unequalled  benefactor 
of  the  whole  country.  Her  life  was  written  iiy 
Dr.  Jium])hre}'.  For  twelve  years  she  Avas  at 
the  head  of  the  seminary.  As  a  teacher  thirty- 
five  years  shf  had  three  thousand  j)uplls. 

I,y  ITLK,  KoBKBT  T.,  general,  died  at  New 
'yrS*  Uiis  n  1839.  Jic  was  of  Cincinnati,  and  a 
tn»»wl>er  of  congress  and  distinguished  speaker 
frc»  Ohio. 

M.'U  BKIDGE,  /.VMES,  a  physician,  died  in 
Charks'.on,  S.  C,  in  1817.  He  was  much  de- 
voted lo  ijfjtanv,  and  assisted  Elliott  in  liis  sketch 
of  ""Mitbern  botany. 

MACCAllTY.  TiiADDF.TK.  niiniwUT  of  Worces- 
ter, M<i»» ,   died  July  18,  1765,  ag^d  6J.    Born 


MACKAY. 

'in  Boston,  he  graduated  at  Han-nrd  in  1739; 
he  was  ordained  at  Kingston  in  1742,  and  after 
three  years  was  dismissed  for  his  attachment  to 
Whiteiield  ;  was  settled  June  10,  1747,  at  Wor- 
cester, where  he  was  succeeded  by  S.  Austin. 
Ill'  was  tall  and  slender,  wiih  a  black,  ])iercing 
eye,  and  a  sonorous  voice.  H(^  ])ublished  a  ser- 
mon at  his  installation,  1717;  two  fast  sermons, 
17i09;  at  execution,  17()S;  at  execution  for  bur- 
glary, 1770.  llis  farewell  sormo';  at  King,ston 
was  ])ublished  179,j. 

MACCLIXTOCK,  Samuel,  I).  D.,  minister  nf 
Greenland,  N.  H.,  died  in  1804,  aged  71.  IIo 
was  born  in  Mcdford,  Mass.,  May  1,  1732.  His 
father  was  a  native  of  Ireland.  He  was  gradu- 
ated at  the  college  in  New  Jersey  in  17.j1.  Be- 
ing invited  to  become  an  assistant  to  William 
Allen  of  Greenland,  he  was  ordained  about  the 
year  17j7.  He  was  an  eminent  divine.  Though 
he  had  no  jiredileilion  for  the  field  of  contro- 
versy, yet,  when  forced  into  it,  he  evinced  him- 
self a  master  of  argument.  An  enemy  lo  all 
civil  and  religious  ini])ositions,  during  the  war 
he  was  repeatedly  in  the  army  in  the  character 
of  a  chaplain.  His  exhortations  animated  the 
soldiers  to  the  eonfiiet.  Under  afflictions  he  was 
submissive  to  the  Divine  will.  As  he  was  averse 
to  parade,  he  directed  his  funeral  to  be  attended 
in  a  simple  manner.  He  ])ublished  a  sermon  on 
the  justice  of  God  in  the  mortality  r  f  man,  1759; 
again.st  the  Baptists,  1770;  Herodias,  or  cruelty 
and  revenge  the  effects  of  unlawful  pleasure, 
1772  ;  at  the  eommencement  of  the  new  consti- 
tution, 1784 ;  an  epistolary  correspondence  be- 
tween him.self  and  J.  C.  Ogden,  179i ;  at  the 
ordina  ion  of  Jesse  Appleton,  1797;  the  c.'ioice, 
occasioned  by  the  drought,  the  fever,  and  the 
prospect  of  war,  1798 ;  an  oration  commemora- 
tive of  Washington,  1800. — Fisrai.  Evangdkal 
Magazine,  I.  9-12. 

MACE,  Mrs.,  died  at  Brooklinc,  Mass.,  Dec. 
31,  1850.  aged  100. 

MACGKEGORE,  David,  died  May  30,  1777, 
aged  GO,  having  been  forty-one  years  pastor  oi 
the  second  I'resbyterian  church  in  Londonderry, 
N.  H.  He  was  an  excellent  i)reacher,  a  zealous, 
confident  patriot,  a  trustful  Christian.  He  pub- 
lished a  sermon,  1741,  entitled  ,;-ofessors  warned ; 
and  the  true  lichever's  all  seemed,  1747. 

MACK,  David,  died  in  Middlefield,  aged  94. 
He  was  the  first  merchant  in  the  town,  accpiired 
A\ealth,  and  was  a  man  of  influence  and  benevo- 
lence, highly  esteemed.  Yet  so  ignorant  was  he, 
that  he  ■went  to  school  with  his  own  son  six  years 
old.  The  tract,  the  faithful  steward,  relates  to 
him.  — Ilolland'n  Hist.  Hampshire  Co. 

MACKAY,  A.NDREW,  Dr.,  died  at  AVareham, 
Mass.,  in  Ai)ril,  1817,  aged  70,  the  son  o."  a  Scotch 
^ytikiau  of  Soulaampton,  Long  Island. 


MACKENZIE. 


MADISON. 


543 


new  consli- 


MACKEXZir,,  Alkxander,  Sir,  n  Scotchman 
em  ployed  in  tin-  sorvicp  r)f  I  he  N'ort  Invest  Fur 
compiiny  in  Canada,  went  in  l"fS9  on  nn  exploring 
expedition  from  fort  Cliipewyan  to  the  norlliern 
ocean  in  lat.  (>')■'.  In  1  (92  lie  crossed  the  llocky 
Mountains  and  reached  the  I'acitie.  His  travels 
were  ])ul)lislied  in  2  vols.,  1802. 

MACKEXZIK,  Alkxaxukii  Slidell,  com- 
mander in  the  navy,  died  at  Tarrytown,  in  184K, 
aged  Ij.  His  fathrr  was  J.  Slidcll  of  New  York. 
He  was  indnced  to  take  liis  mother's  name.  In 
1H42  ho  mad(^  liis  cruise  in  tlie  Soiners,  in  which 
he  felt  constrained  to  hang  several  mutineers  to 
the  yard-arm,  'I'wo  courts  approved  of  his  con- 
duct. He  v.as  a  man  of  integrity  and  devotiona! 
feeling.  He  published  a  year  in  ^'J)ain,  182."): 
American  in  ijigland  ;  Spain  revisited  ;  biogra- 
jjliies  of  Paul  Jones  and  8.  Decatur. —  <'!/cl.  of 
Amcricini  l.ilfi  ahire. 

MACKENZIE,  Donald,  died  at  Mayville, 
N.  Y.,  Jan.  20,  IWI,  aged  67.  He  was  a  partner 
of  J.  J.  Astor  in  the  fur  trade  at  the  west ;  in 
182.'5  he  was  the  governor  of  the  Hudson  ]?ay 
company.     He  withdrew  in  1832  and  lived  in  M. 

M.VCKLIX,  ItoiiEKT,  was  born  in  Scotland 
and  died  at  Wakefield,  N.  H.,  in  1787,  aged  115. 
He  lived  several  years  in  Portsmouth. 

MACLEAN,  Joiix,  i)rofcssor  of  chemistry  at 
Princeton  and  William  and  Mary  colleges;  a 
Scotchman,  died  in  )8I  I. 

MACLUllE,  Wn.i.iAM,  died  March  23,  1840, 
aged  77,  near  tjie  city  of  Mexico.  Born  in  Scot- 
land, he  Uved  in  Philadcljjhia.  He  was  twenty 
years  president  of  the  academy  of  nntiu'al  scien- 
ces. His  liberal  gifts  to  the  association  amounted 
to  25,000  t'ollars.  He  crossed  the  Alleghany 
moinitains  fifty  (i'nes  in  his  scientific  explora- 
tions. He  j)ubli.'-hed,  among  other  es.'^ay.s,  a  sci- 
entific map,  180'J;  geology  of  the  I/.  S.  and  W. 
Indies;  opinions  on  various  subjects),  l.-l-',  — 
Cyclopedia  of  Amei  inan.  Literal 'irc. 

MACOMB,  Ai.i;xANDi;r.,  major-general,  com- 
mander-in-chief of  tiic  army  of  the  United  StatCfi, 
died  at  Washington,  June  2.5,  1811.  Ho  was 
horn  at  Detroit  in  1782,  and  ent'-red  the  army 
in  1799.  lie  commanded  as  brigadier  at  the 
battle  of  Plattsbuig.  For  his  ;^allantry  he  re- 
ceived a  gold  medal  from  congress.  After  the 
death  of  Brown  iie  wa.s  comniander-in-ehief. 
He  published  a  treatise  ou  martial  liiw  and  coui-ts 
martial,  1809. 

MACON,  NAiir.vNiia.,  died  in  V/arren  county, 
North  Carolina,  June  29,  1837,  aged  79.  He  was 
in  congress  from  1791  to  1815;  then  in  the  senate 
till  1828,  having  been  for  thirty-sevcL  years  in 
the  .'lational  legislature,  —  longer  than  any  other 
man.  He  was  speaker  of  the  7th,  8th,  and  9th 
congresses.  He  was  the  friend  of  Jefferson  and 
Madison.  Though  a  conspicuous  pai'y  man,  no 
one  questioned  Ids  integrity.    Mr.  liandolph  said 


of  him,  he  is  "the  best,  and  purest,  and  wisest 
man  that  I  ever  knew." 

MACNEVEN,  William  J.,  M.  I).,  died  at 
New  York  July  12,  1811,  aged  78.  Horn  in 
Ireland,  he  was  educated  by  an  uncle  at  Prague 
and  Vienna,  and  commenced  the  jiractice  at 
Dublin  in  1783.  In  the  j)olitieal  difiicidties  of 
1798  he  was  imprisoned.  Released  in  1802,  he 
travelled,  and  published  a  ramble  through  Swit- 
zerland;* next  lie  was  a  ca])tain  in  the  French 
army.  He  came  to  New  York  in  1805,  and  l)y 
the  aid  of  Mr.  F^mmet,  Mr.  Sainjison,  and  other 
friends,  commenced  the  suceessfid  ])ractice  of 
physic.  He  married  Mrs.  Tone,  the  widow  of  a 
merchant  and  the  daughter  of  Samuel  Iticker. 
He  was  a  devout  Catholic.  He  was  skilled  in 
German,  French,  and  Italian.  He  held  various 
professorships  in  the  college  of  i)liysicians  for 
twenty  years.  He  |)ublished  the  aloniie  tlieo:  v, 
1820  ;  and  was  co-editor  of  the  New  Y'ork  med- 
ical journal.  —  Williams'  Med.  liiographij. 
I  MACWHORTEK,  Alexa.ndkk,  1).  D.,  died 
at  Newark,  N.  J.,  AiiriJ  2,  1807,  aged  72.  He 
was  a  native  of  Delaware.  His  father,  Hugh, 
was  of  Scotch  descent,  and  came  from  the  north 
of  Ireland.  A.  M.  was  two  years  in  the  univer- 
sity of  Edinburgh  ;  ho  graduated  at  I'rinceton  in 
j  1757.  His  deep  religious  impressions  began  at 
the  age  of  1(5.  Ho  was  ordained  in  1759,  and 
I  was  minister  of  the  first  Presl)yterian  church 
I  aliout  forty-six  years.  His  wife,  Mary,  was  a 
[sister  of  Kev.  A.  (  umming  of  Boston.  Dr.  M. 
j  had  the  attachment  and  confidence  of  his  people. 
Dr.  Stearns  has  ])ublishi('.  a  full  account  of  him 
in  his  history  of  Newark. 

MADISON,  Ja.mls,  bishop  of  Virginia,  died 
March  0,  1812,  aged  02.     He  was  born  Aug.  27, 
17-19^  near  Port  liej  ublic,  llockingham  comity, 
Virginia.     His  father  was  clerk  of  West  Augusta 
j  district.     He  was  educated  at  William  and  Mary 
college,  and  was  distinguished  for  classical  learn- 
ing.    Under  Mr.  Wythe  he  studied  law,  and  was 
;  admitted  to  the  bar;  but  ho  soon  resolved  to  de- 
I  vote  himself  to  theology.     In  1773  he  was  chosen 
}  professor  of  mathematics  in  William  and  Mary 
college,  and  in  1777  was  ajipointed  the  ])resident, 
and  vi.'ited  England  for  his  im])r()venieiit  in  sci- 
I  ence.     Until  1784  he  was  not  only  prcident,  but 
'  professor   of  mathematics,   and   afterwards   was 
[irofessor  of  natural,  moral,  and  jioli     al  philos- 
[  ophy  until  i.is  death.     He  first  introduced   lec- 
:  tures   on   jiolitical   economy.     In    1788   he   was 
I  chosen  bishop.     As  a  preacher  he  was  eloquent. 
'  His  wife  was  Mrs.  Mary  Tait  of  A\'illiainsburg. 
]  He  was  tall  and  slender,  of  a  delicate  eonstitu- 
'  tion,  temperate  and  abstemious.     In  liis  disposi- 
tion he  was  mild  and  benevolent,  of  simple,  but 
courteous  and  winnhig  manners.     Ho  jjublishcd 
a   thanksgiving    sermon,    1781  ;    a   letter   to  J. 
1  Morse,  1 795 ;  address  to  the  Episcopal  church, 


\% 


544 


MADISON. 


,i 


1799;  discourse  on  the  death  of  Washinffton;  a 
large  map  of  Virginia  j  and  Keveral  j)iecos  in 
llarton'H  journal. 

M.\1)I.S()\,  CiEOiiGE,  governor  of  Kentucky, 
Bon  of  the  preceding,  at  tlie  age  of  seventeen 
vent  out  as  a  Koldicr  in  defence  of  the  western 
frontier, and  was  engaged  in  several  halt les  with  the 
Indians.  In  St.  Clair's  defeat  he  was  woiuulcd. 
In  the  war  of  1H12  he  was  an  officer  at  the  battle 
of  llaisin.  After  having  been  twenty  y*ars  audi- 
tor of  tlie  pul)lic  accounts,  lie  was  chosen  gover- 
nor for  the  term  of  four  years  in  lHl<),1)wt  in  n 
few  weeks  after  liis  election  he  died  at  Paris  in 
Oct.,  ISlC.  and  was  buried  at  Frankfort. 

MADI.SOX,  Jamkh,  president  of  the  United 
States,  died  at  his  seat  at  Montiielier-  Orange  co., 
Va.,  June  US,  183(5,  aged  85.  lie  was  the  son  of 
Col.  James  Madison  of  Orange  co.,  and  of  Nelly 
Conway,  born  March  IG,  1751;  and  he  could 
trace  back  his  ancestors  o:  ly  the  short  distance  of 
a  hundred  years.  His  father  died  in  1801.  He 
was  born  at  tiie  house  of  his  maternal  grand- 
mother, in  Port  Conway  on  the  llappahannock. 
Karly  educated  by  Mr.  Ilobertson,  a  Scotchman, 
in  King  and  Queen  co.,  and  I)y  Ilev.  Mr.  Martin, 
a  Jerseyman,  at  iiis  father's  house,  he  studied 
Engli.sl),  Latin,  Greek,  French,  and  Italian.  He 
entered  Princeton  college  in  1769,  and  graduated 
in  1771,  going  over  the  junior  and  senior  studies 
in  one  year.  Then  he  remained  at  Princeton  till 
1772,  studying  the  Hebrew.  In  1776  he  was 
sent  to  the  general  assembly ;  but  the  next  year 
he  lost  his  election  because  he  would  not  treat 
and  electioneer.  From  1779  to  1785  he  was  a 
member  of  the  continental  congress  chosen  by 
the  general  assembly  ;  and  he  was  again  chosen 
in  1786.  In  1787  he  was  a  member  of  the  great 
conventional  Pliiladeli)liia,  which  formed  the  con- 
stitution of  the  United  States,  by  unanimous 
agreement,  Sept.  17th.  He  remained  hi  congress 
until  1797.  In  1798  he  was  of  the  general  as- 
sembly; in  1800  an  elector.  In  1801  he  was  sec- 
retary of  Slate  of  the  United  States,  and  contin- 
ued eight  years,  till  in  1809  he  was  chosen 
president,  remaining  in  office  two  terms  until 
1817,  when  he  retired  to  Montpelier.  He  was  a 
visitor  and  elector  of  the  university;  and  in  1829 
a  member  of  the  State  convention.  In  the  sev- 
enth year  afterwards  he  died.  He  held  a  high 
and  honorable  and  unstained  character,  and  his 
memory  is  venerated.  Yet  in  making  the  awards 
of  truth  and  justice,  the  iiujuiryis  not  to  be  over- 
looked, whether  in  his  iiigh  office  of  president  of 
the  United  Stales  he  did  not  jierform  one  act 
which  cannot  be  justified,  but  which  in  the  calm 
judgment  of  soljer  reason  must  be  condemned ? 
No  reflecting  man  can  doubt  whether  war  is  a 
great  and  tremci'dous  evil,  and  whether  for  a 
ruler  to  jirecipitate  his  country  into  a  needless 
war  is  not  on  euormous  crime.    Probably  the  war 


MADISON. 

of  1*il2  with  Great  Britain  would  not  have  oc- 
curred, had  not  Mr.  Madison  in  his  message 
seemed  to  recommend  it,  when  he  projiosed  to 
congress  the  decision  of  the  (juestion,  "  whetlicr 
the  United  States  shall  continue  passive  under 
these  jirogressiT'c  u8ur])ations  and  these  accumu- 
lated wrongs ;  or,  opjiosing  force  to  force  in  de- 
fence of  their  national  rights,  shall  commit  a  just 
cause  into  the  hands  of  the  Almighty  Disposer 
of  events  ?  "  Notwithstanding  these  good  and 
justifying  words,  it  may  well  be  doubted  whether 
the  wrongs  experienced  were  at  all  of  a  character, 
rendering  a  war  just  and  necessary,  and  whether 
an  enlightened  Christian,  seeking  the  approbation 
of  God,  would  have  recommended  war  for  the 
reasons  alleged.  In  fact,  within  four  days  after 
the  declaration  of  war,  the  British  orders  in  coun- 
cil, one  chief  cause  of  the  war,  were  rej)ealed. 
The  next  year,  through  the  mediation  of  liussia, 
commissioners  were  appointed  to  negotiate  a 
peace,  and  in  1814  peace  was  made,  after  the  loss 
of  a  multitude  of  valuable  lives  and  an  immense 
waste  of  treasure.  When  will  great  statesmen 
learn,  that,  as  they  will  be  brought  to  account  by 
the  Supreme  Ruler  for  any  act  of  flagrant  im- 
morality which  stains  their  character,  so  they 
will  most  assuredly  be  held  to  fearful  judgment 
for  plunging  their  country,  without  just  and  ur- 
gent rnio-ms,  into  the  desolations  and  horrors  of 
war  ?  If  the  sword  may  be  drawn  in  defence  of 
the  national  existence  and  the  national  freedom, 
yet  it  is  not  to  be  drawn  from  ambition,  the  love 
of  ])oj)ularity  or  fame,  or  the  love  of  office,  from 
pride  or  petty  revenge,  or  for  the  enlargement  of 
territory.  Cowper  said,  after  alluding  to  "  the 
diversion  "  of  princes  in  the  tented  field, 

"  nut  war  'fl  n  piinip.  wtiich,  were  tlieir  sulijects  wis©, 
Kings  would  not  pliiy  at." 

And  with  greater  certainty  American  presidents 
and  members  of  congress  will  not  again  rush  into 
an  unjust  and  unnecessary  war,  unless  the  Ameri- 
can pcoi)lo,  who  choose  them  to  office,  are  foolish, 
deluded,  and  borne  away  by  ex-il  jiassions.  The 
numoers  in  the  Federalist,  illustrotive  of  the 
constitution,  which  ^Ir.  Madison  wrote,  were  10, 
14,  18,  20,  157-58,  02,  63.  Jay  wrote  2-5  and  64  : 
Hamilton  tiie  other  numbers.  His  report  of  the 
proceedings  and  discussions  of  the  convention  was 
])ublished.  His  works  have  been  published  in 
six  vols. 

^lADISON,  IXuioTiiY,  Mrs.,  the  widow  of 
President  M.,  died  at  AVashington  July  12,  1849, 
aged  about  80.  Her  maiden  name  was  Dorothy 
Paine  ;  her  jiarents  were  of  the  society  of  Friends 
in  Virginia,  and  removed  to  Philadelphia  while 
she  was  young.  Before  the  age  of  twenty  she 
married  Mr.  Todd,  who  died  in  three  years,  leav- 
ing her  the  mother  of  a  son,  who  survived  her. 
Mr.  Madison,  who  as  a  member  of  congress 
boarded  at  the  house  of  her  mother,  married  Mrs. 


MADISON. 


MAI.nONE. 


545 


Todd  in  1794.  Of  her  grace  nnd  dip;nity,  ■nhilo 
her  Imsbiiiid  was  jiresideiit,  nnirh  has  been  said. 
Ill  her  oUl  afjo  lier  house  in  Washinf^ton  was  a 
centre  of  attraction,  her  form  l)eing  still  erect, 
her  voire  fidl,  lier  manners  rorilial.  She  was  a 
niemher  of  the  l^piscopnl  church. 

MADISOX,  ■\Vii.i,iAM,  general,  youngest 
brother  of  President  M.,  died  at  Woodberry 
Forest,  Madison  co.,  Va.,  July  H),  IHl.'J,  aged  82. 
Ho  was  a  soldier  in  two  wars,  a  man  of  a  strong 
mind,  of  integrity  and  i)enevolcncc. 

MADOCKAWANDO,  sachem  of  Penobscot, 
or  chief  of  the  Malecites,  was  a  ])owerful  chief  in 
the  war  of  107(5 ;  Mugg  was  his  prime  minister. 
At  the  siege  and  capture  of  Casco  fort  in  May, 
1G90,  by  Portner*"-  whom  Capt.  Davis  calls  Bur- 
nitfe,  he  was  present  with  his  Indians.  June  10, 
1G92,  h?  co-operated  with  a  Frenchman  in  an 
unsuccessful  attack  on  Storcr's  garrison  in  Wells, 
commanded  by  Ca])t.  Con  vers.  He  afterwards 
entered  into  the  treaty  of  Pemaquid,  but  Thury, 
the  missionary,  jjcrsuadcd  him  again  perfidiously 
to  take  up  the  hatchet.  In  1094  he  accompanied 
the  Sicur  de  Villieu,  who  had  under  him  two 
hundred  and  fifty  Indians,  in  the  attack  on  Oyster 
river,  at  Piscataqua,  killing  and  capturing,  July 
17th,  nearly  one  hundred  persons,  and  burning 
twenty  houses.  Matawando,  as  Charlevoix  calls 
Jiim,  fought  bravely  by  the  side  of  the  French- 
man, lie  carried  the  scalps  to  Canada  and  was 
rewarded  by  Frontenac. 

MAFFIT,  JoiLN  N.,  died  in  ^Mobile  May  28, 
1850.  He  was  born  in  Ireland,  and  was  a  Meth- 
odist minister  of  great  celebrity,  many  years,  for 
liis  eloquence. 

MAGIIAW,  James,  D.  D.,  minister  of  West 
Nottingham,  Md.,  died  in  18;53,  aged  00. 

MAGllUDEU,  Allen  B.,  a  senator  of  the 
United  States  from  Louisiana  in  1812,  had  been 
pievic  ily  a  lawyer  in  Kentucky.  He  died  at 
Opelousas  in  April,  1822.  He  had  collected  ma- 
terials for  a  general  history  of  the  Indians.  He 
])iiblished  a  character  of  !Mr.  Jcft'crson,  and  re- 
tk'otionson  the  cession  of  Louisiana  to  the  United 
States,  180j. 

JIAIRS,  Geouge,  minister  at  Argyle,  N.  Y., 
died  in  1841,  aged  80,  in  the  forty-eighth  year  of 
Ills  ministry  at  Argyle.  Born  in  Ireland,  lie 
studied  theology  under  John  Brown,  in  Scotland. 
MAKi;MIi:,"]''nAN(ls,  died  in  Boston  in  1708. 
He  preached  the  first  Presl)yterian  sermon  in  the 
city  of  New  York,  in  a  private  house  Jan.  20, 
1 708.  I  le  was  from  Ireland,  a  resident  in  Va. 
Fin'  thus  ])reacl)ing,  (jov.  Cornbury  imjirinoned 
liini  several  weeks,  'i'lie  iirst  settled  Presbyterian 
minister  in  New  York  was  James  Anderson  from 
Scotland,  who  was  settled  in  Oct.,  1717. 

.MAKIX,  Thomas,  a  poet,  was  one  of  the  early 
settlers  of  I'ennsylvania,  and  died  in  17;i,j.  In 
the  year  1089  he  was  usher  to  George  Keith  in 

e» 


the  Friends'  public  grammar  school,  nnd  in  the 
following  year  succeeded  him  as  master.  He  was 
for  some  tinu'  clerk  of  the  ]iro\incial  a.ssenil)ly. 
He  ])iiblished  two  Latin  ])oeins  in  1728  aiul  172!), 
inscril>ed  to  James  Logan,  and  entitled,  encomium 
Pennsylvania",  and  in  laudes  Pennsylvaniie  poema  ( 
extracts  from  wliich  arc  jjrescrved  in  Proud's  his- 
tory of  that  ]ir()vince. 

■NLVLBONF,  Joiix,  gener.il,  died  at  Newjiort, 
II.  I.,  in  179,';,  aged  (iO.  I'rancis  M.,  a  senator  of 
the  United  States  from  Jthode  Island,  died  at 
Washhigton  of  the  apoplexy.  May  4,  1809. 

MALliONl'".,  I'.invAiti)  G.,  a  portrait  painter, 
died  at  Savannah  ^L>y  7,  1807,  in  early  life.     Ho 
was  a  native  of  Newport,  U.  I.     At  an  early  pe- 
riod of  life  he  discovered  a  propensity  for  paint- 
ing, which  became  at  length  so  predominant  that 
he  ni'glected  every  othei-  annisement  for  its  indul- 
gence.     AVhcn  a  schoolboy  he  delighted  in  draw- 
ing rude  sketches  of  the  objects  of  nature.     As 
he  obtained  the  necessary  assistances  to  improve- 
ment, his  talents  were  developed.    He  frequented 
the  theatre  to  contemplate  the  illusions  of  sce- 
nery; and  by  the  regularity  of  his  attentions  be- 
hind the  scenes  in  the  forenoon,  he  attracted  the 
notice  of  the   painter,  who   discovered    unusual 
genius   in  his  young  acquaintance,  and  nccci)ted 
his  assistance  with  the  brush.     He  was  at  length 
permitted  to  paint  an  entire  new  scene,  and  as  a 
reward   received  a  general  ticket  of  admission. 
His  intervals  of  leisure  were  now  employed  in 
drawing  heads,   and   afterwards    in   attempting 
portraits.    His  rapid  progress  in  the  latter  occu- 
pation convinced  him,  that  he  had  talents  for  it, 
and  gave  alacrity  to  his  exertions ;  and  ho  was 
soon  induced  to  devote  to  it  his  whole  attention. 
As  ho  now  began  to  bo  known  nnd  patronized  ps 
a  miniature  painter,  his  natural  propensity  was 
nourished  by   the    prospect  of  reputation   and 
wealth.     He  visited  the  jjiincijial  cities,  nnd  re- 
sided successively  in  New  York,  Philadel])hia,  and 
Boston.     In   the   winter  of    1800,   he   went  to 
Charleston,  where  his  talents  nnd   the  peculinr 
amenity  of  hi^  manners  enhanced  the  attentions 
which  he  received  from  the  hospitality  of  its  in- 
habitants.    In  May,  1801,  ho  sailed  from  Charles- 
ton to  London,  where  he  resided  some  months, 
absorbed  in  admiration  of  the  paintings  of  cele- 
brated masters.     'With  a  mind  improved  by  study 
and  observation,  and  animated  l)y  the  enthusiasm 
of  genius,  he  visited  the  ditferent  galleries  of  liv- 
ing painters,  enlarging  his  ideas  and  profiting  by 
the  contemi)lalion  of  their  works.     He  was  intro- 
duced to  the  accpiaintance  of  the  president  of  the 
royal  academy,  who  {'ive  him  free  access  to  his 
studio,  and  showed  him  those  friendly  attentions 
which  were  more  ilattering  than  empty  praises  to 
the  nund  of  his  young   coimtryman.     He   even 
encouraged  him  to  remain  in  England,  assuring 
him  that  he  had  nothing  to  fcai-  from  profesBional 


ii 


646 


MALCOMSON. 


MANLY. 


M 


ir-m- 


competition.  But  lie  jjrfferrrd  his  own  country, 
and  returned  to  (  Ijarlcstdn  in  the  winter  of  IHOl. 
lie  afterwards  continued  hin  jnirsuits  in  dilFerent 
pmiT  of  the  continent,  niways  finding  emiiioy- 
nent.  By  lliH  sedentary  liaMts  and  intense  a])])li- 
Cation  to  liin  iii'i'lVsNloind  l.iliors  his  iunltli  was  ko 
much  impaired,  that  in  ilic  summer  of  IHOIihe 
was  comjielled  to  relinquisli  liis  juiuil,  and  indulfje 
in  exercise;  Imt  Jiis  frame  liad  become  loo  weak 
to  become  again  invi;,'orate(l.  As  lie  felt  the 
symptoms  of  an  H],])roachinj;  consumntion.  his 
physicians  advised  him  to  try  the  effect  of  a  change 
of  climate.  Ii\  the  iiejijinniiiK  of  the  winter  I  i 
therefore  took  a  passage  in  n  vessel  for  .laniaiea. 
but,  the  change  not  jirodueing  much  benefit,  he 
returned  to  Savannah,  where  he  languished  till 
his  death. 

Though  he  had  not  reached  all  the  ])erfection 
which  maturer  years  would  have  given,  yet  his 
pencil  will  rescue  his  name  *'rom  oblivion.  His 
style  of  jjahiting  was  chaste  a:.(I  corr(  ct,  his  col- 
oring clear  and  judiciously  wrought,  and  his  tast( 
altogether  derived  from  a  just  contem])lation  of 
nature.  In  his  female  heads  ])articidarly  there 
was,  when  his  subjects  ])ermitted,  enchanting  del- 
icacy and  beauty.  To  his  ])rofessional  excellence 
he  added  the  virtues  which  endeared  him  to  his 
friends.  His  heart  was  warm  and  generous.  The 
profits  of  his  skill,  which  were  ver)'  considerable, 
contributed  to  the  happiness  jf  his  relations ;  and 
as  their  welfare  was  an  object  which  seemed 
always  to  animate  his  exertions,  liis  mother  and 
sisters  dee])ly  deplored  his  death. 

MALCO.AISOX,  Ja.mi;s,  a  minister  from  Ire- 
land, died  at  Charleston,  S.  C,  in  1804,  aged  .'3i 
He  was  ten  years  pastor  of  the  I'resljyteriain 
church  of  Williamsburgh,  when  a  division  and 
animosity  among  his  people  indr.ced  him  to  go 
to  C.  as  a  teacher;  but  lie  died  within  a  few 
months. 

MiVLHIOT,  MoDESTE,  the  Canadian  giant. 
died  at  St.  Jean  des  Challons,  Lower  Canada. 
Feb.  28,  1834.  His  height  was  0  feet  4  inches  : 
his  weight  six  hundred  and  nineteen  and  a  half 
pounds.  He  had  exhibited  himself  in  America 
and  in  vai'ious  countries  of  Eurojie. 

MALLET,  .Angkllm;,  Mrs.,  died  at  Vincennes. 
Indiana,  in  lt~'!4,  aged  110. 

MALTBY,  Is.uc',  general,  lived  in  Hatfield, 
and  was  a  representative  in  the  legislr  i-e  and  a 
member  of  the  church.  He  removinl  to  Water- 
loo, New  York,  where  he  died  in  Sept.,  1819. 
He  published  elements  of  war,  12mo.,  1812 ;  a 
treatise  on  courts  martial  and  military  law,  1813. 

MALTBY,  Benjajiix,  deacon,  died  at  liis  son's, 
Deacon  Daniel  M.'s,  at  tJouthingtoH,  Ohio,  Jan.  1, 
1847,  aged  97.  He  was  the  son  of  deacon  Daniel 
M.  of  Northford,  Conn.  Both  he  and  liis  father 
had  each  eleven  children,  and  all  of  them  were 


members  of  the  church.     He  was   a  patriot  of 
the  Itevohition. 

MA.MIXASH,    Sau.Y,    the    last    Indiim     in 
Xortliampton,  Mass.,  died  Jan.  .3,  IN.'j3,  aged  hs. 
Her  father's  grave-stonestandsalonein  a  field  near 
the  ])ine   grove,  a  little  south  of  the  new  Stale 
j  asylmn   for  the   insane.     Her   mother,  who  (ii((l 
:  in  1780,  aged  (iO,  was  ]'",lizai)eth  Oceoin  of  Mohe- 
!  gaii,  IK  ar  Norwich,  Conn.,  the  eldest  sister  of 
Jlev.  Snmson  Oecom.     Sally  was  a  jiious,  excel- 
lent woman.     For  many  years  she  was  kindly 
provided  for  in  a  family  in  South  street,  of  the 
i  name  of  Clajip. 

.MAN,  s\Mri;i.,  first  minister  of  "VVrentham, 
Mass.,  (lied  .May  22,  1719,  aged  71.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  college  in  \W').  After  ])reatli- 
ing  one  or  two  years  in  Wrentham,  he  was  driven 
away  Sy  i  he  Indian  war,  March  30,  Ki'li :  but 
after  the  war  he  returned  to  his  labors,  August 
21,  1680,  and  continued  them  till  his  der'h.  No 
c!.'  i  ii  being  previously  formed,  he  was  ot  or- 
cl!i;;.-d  till  Ajiril  13,  1092.  He  was  a  man  of 
erudition,  a  faithful  jiastor,  an  accomplished 
preacher,  go'^d.  pious,  and  eminent.  His  succes- 
sors were  llci.,)  Messingcr,  who  died  March  30, 
17iiO,  aiu!  Mr.  iJcan. 

MANCl'ESTER,  Xiles,  M.  D.,  died  at  Xorlli 
T'l  n-idence,  I'awtucket,  B.  I.,  in  1843,  aged  Oj, 
i;aving  been  a  faithful  jihysieian  about  forty  years. 

MANCIUS,  WlLiiKLMls,  Dr.,  died  at  Albany 
N.  Y.,  in  1808,  aged  70.  He  had  been  nearly 
forty-eight  years  a  .skilful  phjsician  at  A. 

MAXIGAULT,GAiiuii:i„amerehantof  Charles- 
ton, S.  C,  and  a  jiatriot  of  the  llevolution,  died 
in  1781,  aged  77.  He  was  liom  in  1704  of  pa- 
rents driven  from  France  by  Catholic  persecution. 
By  his  commercial  ])ursuits  I'or  fifty  years  he  hon- 
estly acquired  a  fortune  of  half  a  million  of  dol- 
lars. In  the  beginning  of  the  war  he  loaned  the 
State  220,000  dollars.  In  May,  1779,  at  the  ago 
of  seventy-five,  when  the  British  General  Provost 
appeared  before  Charleston,  he  equip])ed  iiimself 
as  a  soldier,  and,  equip])ing  also  liis  grandson  of 
fifteen  years,  he  led  him  to  the  lines  to  repel  an 
expected  assault.  His  daughter  married  Lewis 
Morris,  and  lost  her  lile  in  the  great  hurricane 
i  on  Sullivan's  Island  in  1822.  His  son,  Peter,  also 
a  ])atriot  and  spcidier  of  the  house  from  17C0  to 
his  death,  died  in  1773,  aged  42.  Integrity  and 
benevolence  were  prominent  traits  in  the  thaiac- 
ter  of  Mr.  'SI.  lie  bequeathed  to  a  charitaiilu 
society  0,000  jjounds.  He  was  a  member  and  a 
zealous  supporter  of  the  French  Calvinistic  church. 

MANLEY,  Jajies  II.,  a  physician  in  New 
York,  died  in  18jl,  aged  70. 

MANLY,  Joii.v,  a  captain  in  tlv.  navy  of  the 
United  States,  died  in  IJoston  in  l79d,  ago<l  ,V,.. 
He  received  a  naval  comnn'ssion  from  W' ashing- 
ton,  Oct.  24,  1775.    Invested  with  tlw  c»>niniaw4 


MANN. 


MANXTNO. 


547 


of  tliP  Bchoonrr  Loo,  lie  kojif  tlip  Imzanlous  sta- 
tinii  (if  Ma.ssiiC'luiscltH  liay  (Iiiriii;»  a  most  tc'm]M'st- 
uouH  ticason,  aiul   tho  enptiircH  wliich  ho  made 
wore    <>f  immcnso   value   at   tlio   moment.     An 
ordnance  l)rif,',  which  fell  inlii  liis  hands,  supplied  | 
the  continental  army  «ilh  heavy  pieces,  mortars, 
and  workiiif,'  tools,  of  which  it  was  very  destitute, 
and  in  the  event  led  to  the  evacuation  of  Iloston. 
]lis  services  were  the  theme  of  universal  eulofry. 
lieini;  raised  to  tlic  command  of  the  frif^ute  Han- 
cock of  thirty-two  guns,  liis  capture  of  the  Fox 
nicreased  his   hif{h   reputation  for  hravery  and 
skill.     I5nt  he  was  taken  prisoner  hy  the  l{ain- 
liow  of  forty  i^ima,  July  S,   1777,  and  suffered  a 
lonjj  and  rigorous  confinement  on  hoard  thatshi]) 
lit  Halifax,  and  in  Mill  prison,  ))rccluded  from 
further  actual  service  till   near  the  close  of  tlic 
Mar.     In  Se])teinher,  17S2,  thella}fue  frij^atc  was 
intru-ited  to  liis  care.     The  cruise  was  peculiarly 
ur.hajipy.     A  few  days  after  leaving;  Martinicpie 
ho  was  driven  hy  a  British  Rcventy-four  on  a  .sand- 
hank  at  tlie  hack  of  Gaudalou])c.    Three  slii])s 
of  tlic  line,  liaving  joined  this  ship,  came  to  within 
point  hlank  shot,  and  with  si)rings  on  their  cahle.s 
oi)ened  a  most   tremendotis   fire.     Ilaviuff  sup- 
ported the  lieavy  cannonade  for  three  days,  on 
the  fourth  day  the  frifjatc  was  got  off,  and,  hoist- 
ing the  continental  standard  at  the  niain-to])  gal- 
lant mast,  thirteen  guns  were  fired  in  farewell 
deliance.     On  liis  return  to  Iloston  a  few  months 
al'terwards,  he  was  arrested  to  answer  a  variety 
of  thiirges  exhihiled  against  him  hy  one  of  his 
ollicers.    The  j)roceedings  of  the  court  were  not 
altogether  in  api)rol)ation  of  his  conduct.     Me- 
moirs of  his  life,  which  should  vindicate  his  char- 
acter, were  promised,  hut  they  have  never  ap- 
peared. 

MAXN,  J.\MES,  a  surgeon,  died  at  Now  York 
in  November,  1K;j2,  aged  ahout  70.  Born  in 
A^'renthnm,  his  ancestor  wrote  his  name  Man. 
lie  graduated  in  177G,  and  served  as  a  surgeon 
three  years  in  the  army  of  the  Revolution.  In 
1811'  he  was  hos])ital  surgeon;  and  was  at  the 
head  of  the  medical  staff  on  the  northern  frontier. 
He  was  a  Swedenhorgian.  He  jjuhlished  two 
nionograjihs,  which  gained  prizes  in  1804;  and 
medical  sketches  of  campaigns  of  1812,  etc. 

MANX,  PiCRi:/,  l)r.,die(l  in  Burhngton,  Conn., 
Teh.  1,  1843,  aged  81.  He  was  sur;j;eon's  mn»e 
in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  the  principal  jihj- 
sician  of  B.  for  thirty  years. 

MANN,  .f  vcoii,  died  in  .Morristown,  N.  J.,  1  )ec. 
17,  1843,  agod  07.  lie  was  an  editor  thirty-five 
years,  having  estahlislied  the  Ginius  of  liberty  in 
1798. 

MANN,  IIkrsiann,  died  in  Dcdliam  Nov.  2G, 
18o1,  aged  00.  lie  imlilisLcd  annals  of  IJcdham 
in  18J7. 

MANNING.  Jami'.s,  D.  I).,  first  president,  of 
the  college  ill  Rhode  Island,  died  July  29,  1791, 


ngod  .'32.  Ho  was  born  in  New  Jorsoy  Oct.  22, 
1738,  and  was  graduated  at  Nassau  liall  in  1702. 
When  he  hi-gaii  to  preach,  several  of  his  Baptist 
brethren  in  New  Jersey  and  I'ennsylvania  ])ro- 
posed  the  estal)lishment  of  a  college  in  Rliodu 
Islanil,  on  account  of  the  religious  IVeedom  which 
was  there  enjoyed,  and  directed  their  attention 
towards  him  as  its  jiresident.  Tiie  charter  was 
obtained  in  February,  1701,  and  in  170.';  he  re- 
moved to  Warren,  to  make  jn-eiiarations  for  car- 
rying the  design  into  execution.  In  September 
the  seminary  was  opened,  and  it  was  soon  re]ilen- 
islied  with  students.  In  1770  the  institution  was 
removed  to  Providence,  where  a  s])acious  building 
had  been  erected.  He  was  soon  chosen  jjiuitor 
of  the  Itajitist  church  in  that  town,  and  he  con- 
tinued in  tlic  discharge  of  the  duties  of  these  two 
offices,  except  in  an  interval  of  al)out  six  months 
in  17S(),  when  he  was  a  member  of  congress,  till 
his  death  of  the  ajxiplexy.  He  was  of  a  kind  and 
benevolent  dis])osition,  social  and  communicative, 
and  fitted  rather  for  octive  life  than  for  retire- 
ment. Though  he  jiossessed  good  abilities,  lie 
was  prevented  from  intense  study  by  the  pecu- 
liarity of  his  constitution.  His  life  was  a  scene 
of  labor  for  the  benefit  of  others.  His  jiiety  and 
his  fervent  zeal  in  preaching  the  gospel  evinced 
his  love  to  God  and  man.  AVith  a  dignified  and 
majestic  aj)pearance,  his  address  was  manly,  fa- 
miliar, and  engaging.  In  the  government  of  tho 
college  ho  was  mild  yet  energetic.  His  memoir 
was  written  by  W.  G.  Goddard. 

MANNIN(j,  Jon\,  a  physician,  probably  a  de- 
scendant of  John  M.,  who  lived  in  I])swich  in 
1040,  died  in  1824,  agod  nearly  87.  lie  was  tho 
son  of  Dr.  Josejih  M.  of  Ipswich,  who  died  at  the 
age  of  79.  He  was  born  November,  1737,  and, 
after  ])ractising  in  I])swich  eleven  years,  wont  to 
F.ngland  in  1771  for  his  medical  improvement. 
In  the  American  war  ho  served  as  a  surgeon  ono 
campaign  on  Long  Island  and  Rhode  Island.  la 
his  politics  he  was  a  democrat  or  republican.  On 
public  worship  he  was  a  regular  attendant.  He 
left  three  sons,  physicians.  —  Tkachcr. 

MANNING,  RiciiAUi)  J.,  governor  of  South 
Carolina,  died  in  Sumter  district  in  183G.  Ho 
was  twice  chosen  to  congress,  and  was  respected 
as  a  patriot  and  f'iuistian. 

MANNING,  J()ii\,  Dr.,  died  in  Rockport, 
Mass..  November,  1841,  aged  80.  He  was  a 
skilful  i)hysician. 

MANNING,  Wii.i.iAM,  died  at  Caml)ridgeport 
July  2ii,  1849,  aged  83  ;  the  oldest  printer  in  the 
State,  formerly  of  the  linn  of  Manning  and  Lor- 
ing,  Boston. 

MANNING,  .Toiix,  a  physician,  tho  son  of  Dr. 

John  M.,  died  at  lUxkport  in  1802,  aged  02.    lie 

was  a   native  of  Gloucester,   and  graduated  at 

Harvard  in  1810. 

MiVNNING,  Samuel  B.,  a  ptintcr  in  Boston, 


548 


MANSFIELD. 


MARSH. 


'm 


died  in  IS.'ifi,  nprcd  Oi).  Mv  was  the  ^on  of  Wil- 
linni,  ;ir)d  witli  liiin  coiincctcd  in  jnil)li.sliin}5  the 
Worci'Htcr  Spy. 

MANSHKLI),  A(  /fir,i.F.s,  minister  of  Killiii;;- 
wortli,  Conn.,  diid  in  iHl  J,a;,'<d  li.'J.  IIo  j^radii- 
ntpd  nt  Yale  in  ITTO,  and  was  ((i-diiined  in  1770. 
llei)r(a(iii>d  on  tlic  Sablialh  jirocc din-;  his  dt-afli, 
from  the  tfxl,  "  His  rest  siiall  be  ^'I'tIoun."  His 
wife,  11  widow  when  he  nianicd  lur,  was  tlie 
daughter  of  Josepli  Kiliot  of  K.,  and  grand-daugh- 
ter of  Itev.  Jared  J'.lh'ot.  Mr.  M.  was  a  rcsjteeted 
minister,  and  a  trustee  of  tlie  college.  iHs  daugh- 
ter married  Kev.  Josliua  JIunfington.  Jle  jmh- 
lishi'd  the  Cinistian  hojic  in  Amer.   Drcaelier,  I  v. 

MAXSFIFJ.I),  Kicii.MU),  1).]).,  Episcojjal 
minister  in  Derby,  Conn.,  died  in  1820.  As  he 
graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1711,  if  he  was  then 
twenty-one  years  old,  his  ago  nt  lii.s  death  was 
about  100  years. 

MANSFIELD,  JaklI),  colonel,  LL.  I).,  ])ro- 
fessor  of  natural  ijhilosojdiy  in  the  nn"litary 
academy  at  West  I'oint,  died  in  IS.'JO,  aged  71. 
He  was  horn  in  New  Haven,  and  griul'iatcd  at 
Yale  college  in  1777.  He  was  afterwards  sur- 
veyor-general of  the  United  States  and  ])rofessor. 
A  few  years  l)efore  his  death  he  retired  from 
Went  Point  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where  he  reiiided 
while  surveyor.  While  on  a  visit  to  New  i^  iven 
he  died.  Colonel  Tottcn,  United  States  engiiieo;', 
was  his  nephew.  lie  jjublished  essays  mathe- 
matical and  physical,  1802. 

MAllCII,  Edmi'KI),  minister  of  Amciburj, 
Mass.,  died  ^larcli  0,  1791,  aged  88.  Born  in 
Newbury,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1722,  and 
was  ordained  the  same  year.  In  a  controversy 
on  original  sin,  originating  with  ^Ir.  Webster  of 
Solisbury,  he  published  a  pamphlet  entitled  fair 
play,  etc.  —  Spragiie's  Annals. 

M-\IICIIANT,  IIknry,  LL.  D.,  judge  of  the 
district  court  of  the  United  States  for  Rhode 
Island,  died  in  1796,  aged  55.  lie  practised  law 
at  Newport ;  was  attorney-general  of  the  State 
in  17 74  J  was  a  patriot  of  the  Revolution  j  and 
in  1783  a  delegate  to  congress.  He  was  judge 
from  1790  till  his  death. 

MARION,  FR.VXCIS,  a  brave  officer  in  the  Rev- 
olutionary war,  died  in  1790.  He  was  born  near 
Georgoto^^•n,  South  Carolina,  in  1733.  In  1759 
he  served  as  a  soluier  against  the  Cherokee  In- 
dians. In  the  Revolutionary  war  he  assisted  in 
the  d.(?fence  of  fort  Moultrie  and  commanded  a 
re"Tment  at  the  siege  of  Charleston.  He  was 
promoted  by  Governor  Rutledge  to  the  rank  of 
bricadler-general  in  1780.  On  the  advance  of 
GfliM,  he  placed  himself  at  the  head  of  sixteen 
mea,  and  captured  a  small  British  guard,  rescu- 
ing one  hundred  and  fifty  continental  prisoners. 
As  the  militia  was  in  no  subordination,  sometimes 
he  had  noj  more  than  a  dozen  men  with  him. 
September  4th,  he  marched  with  fifty-three  men 


to  ottark  a  body  of  two  hundred  tories.  lie  first 
siu'i-rised  a  i>arty  of  fortyfive,  killln;;  and  unund- 
ing  all  but  fifteen,  and  then  put  the  main  body 
of  tw"  hundred  to  flight.  His  conduct  was  mf  st 
generoiiH  an  well  as  brave.  Not  one  Ikkwo  wag 
burned  by  liis  orders,  for  lie  detested  niaking 
war  ujjon  poor  w(>nien  and  ehildren.  .Vt  one 
tini<'  he  was  oliliged  to  convert  the  saws  of  saw- 
mills into  horsenien's  swords  for  his  defence.  For 
months  he  and  his  party  slept  in  the  o])en  air, 
and  sheltered  themsclvfs  in  the  thick  recesses  of 
swani])S,  whence  they  sallied  out  and  harassed 
the  enemy.  After  the  war  he  married  Mary  Vi- 
deau,  a  lady  of  wealth,  and  resided  in  his  native 
parish  of  St.  .lohn's.  .\s  a  member  of  the  legis- 
lature he  nobly  resisted  all  retaliatory  measures 
towards  the  tories.  As  a  prudent,  humane,  en- 
terprising, brave  ])artisan  officer,  he  had  no  sujie- 
rior.  His  life,  written  by  ffeneral  P.  Horry  and 
M.  L.  "W'eems,  was  ])ublished,  Olh  edition,  IHls. 
The  soldier  and  com])ani().i  of  Marion  had  little 
concern  in  writing  the  book.  It  bears  all  the 
marks  of  ^Ir.  Wcems'  wild,  iuidisci])lined  pen  j 
one  can  scarcely  read  it  without  mingled  laughter 
and  tears. 

MAIiKOE,  Petf.R,  a  poet,  died  at  Philadelphia 
in  1792.  He  published  miscellaneous  poemsj 
1787  ;  the  times,  a  poem,  1788  ;  the  patriot  chief, 
a  tragedy;  reconciliation,  an  opera;  and  was  sup- 
posed to  bo  the  author  of  Algerinc  spy. 

MARKS,  ZAcn.\nr.\ii,  died  at  Burlington,  Conn., 
in  1840,  aged  80.  He  was  a  farmer,  and  left  an 
estate  of  3,000  dollars  to  Washington  college, 
Hartford. 

MARQUETTE,  Joseph,  a  Jesuit  missionary, 
the  discoverer  of  the  Mississippi  river,  died  sud- 
denly on  the  Marquette  river,  which  falls  into  lake 
Michigan,  in  1075.  Ho  explored  the  western  re- 
gions of  Canada ;  laid  the  foundations  of  Jlichil- 
limackinac;  and,  in  company  with  the  Sieur 
Jol'ot,  crossed  the  portage  from  the  Fox  river  of 
Green  Bay  to  the  Wisconsin,  and  first  entered 
the  Mississippi  in  1G73.  —  Charlevoix. 

MARSH,  JoHEPii,  minister  of  Braintrce,  now 
Quincy,  died  in  1720,  aged  41.  Born  in  lladley, 
he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  170'),  and  was  or- 
dained in  1709.  His  successor  was  John  Han- 
cock in  1726. —  Spragne's  Annals. 

MARSH,  Ei-tsilA,  minister  of  Westminster, 
Mass.,  died  in  1784,  aged  about  60.  Born  in 
TIadlcy,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1738,  was 
ordained  in  1742,  and  dismissed  in  1757. — 
Spi'nrpie's  Annals. 

IMARSII,  Ebenezer  Grant,  professor  of  lan- 
guages and  ecclesiastical  history  in  Y'ale  college, 
died  in  1803,  aged  20.  IIo  was  the  son  of  Dr. 
John  Marsh,  minister  of  AVethcrsfiold.  lie  was 
graduated  at  Y'ale  college  in  1795.  In  1798  he 
was  elected  an  instructor  in  the  Hebrew  language, 
and  in  1799  one  of  the  tutors.    In  1802  he  was 


MARSH. 


MARSTTyVLL. 


fi49 


elected  ft  profrssnr;  l)iit  the  linj)rs  whioli  had 
been  <  xt'itc'd  liy  his  tiilciitH  and  i.tu'(nuillrd  in- 
dustry were  l)lnstr<l,  iiiid  liis  inci'casin;,'  iisi'l'iilni'ss 
was  terminated  l)y  liis  deatli.  lie  was  a  man  of 
nniialile  manners,  |nwe  nmrals,  and  UM((ia'sti()ne(l 
iiiety.  An  a  preailicr  of  the  gospel  he  was  w\- 
commonly  ncceptaljlc.  His  hterary  aciiuNitions 
were  f^reat.  1I<'  ])ul)lished  an  oration  on  tlie 
trutli  of  the  Mosaie  Instory  of  theereation,  I7'.)H; 
a  cataloijne  of  the  liistorieal  writers  of  this  eoun- 
trv,  entitled,  a  series  of  American  historians,  from 
the  first  discovery  of  this  country  to  the  ])resent 
time,  IHOl ;  and  nn  elaborate  oration,  delivered 
before  the  American  academy  of  arts  and  Ncienees 
in  IHOL*,  designed  to  confirm  the  truth  of  Scrip- 
ture history  by  the  testimony  of  eastern  writers. 
This,  it  is  believed,  with  imjirovemonts,  was  n  jiost- 
liunious  publication.  —  Itwiijht's  and  Dana's 
Sermon,  ami  FnwUr's  Oration,  on  his  Death  ; 
Hint.  Coll.  IX.   lOH-lll. 

MAJISII,  John,  I).]).,  minister  of  Wethersficld, 
Conn.,  died  Sej)!.  ];},  1821,  nfjcd  78.  Horn  in 
Haverhill,  ho  jjraduated  at  Harvard  in  1701,  and 
was  ordained  Jan.  12,  1771.  Ho  published  elec- 
tion sermon,  179(5;  at  the  installation  of  W. 
Lockwood,  1797. 

MARSH,  Jamks,  T).  T).,  died  at  BurlhiKton, 
Vt.,  July  3,  1842,  aged  47.  He  was  a  native  of 
Hartford,  Vt.,  and  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth  in 
1817.  He  was  professor  of  moral  and  intellect- 
ual philosophy  in  the  Vermont  university,  and 
had  been  the  jjrcsident.  Ho  was  a  scholar,  and 
a  man  of  modest  worth  and  piety.  His  two  wives 
wore  .sisters,  tlio  daughters  of  James  Wheelock, 
the  brother  of  President  Wheelock  of  Dartmouth 
college.  He  published,  with  notes,  Coleridge's 
aids  to  reflection,  and  some  translations  from  the 
German,  and  some  reviews. 

MAUSII,  Damix,  minister  of  Bennington,  Vt., 
died  at  Jamesville,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  13,  1843,  aged  81. 
Horn  in  New  Milford,  Conn.,  he  graduated  at 
Williams  in  1793.  He  was  first  settled  at  I'ough- 
kcepsie,  then  from  1800  to  1820  at  Bennington, 
and  last  at  Jamesville,  where  his  labors  were 
greatly  blessed.  His  sight  failed  him.  Uespectcd 
and  beloved,  he  died  in  Christian  jjcace. 

MARSH,  JONATILW,  minister  of  Windsor, 
Conn.,  died  Sept.  8,  1747,  aged  G3.  He  was  the 
son  of  John,  and  grandson  of  John,  a  first  settler 
of  Hartford,  then  of  lladlcy.  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1705.  His  wife  was  Margaret  Whit- 
ing. His  son  Jonathan  was  the  mil  'stei  o''  \ew 
Hartford;  his  daughters  married  Rev.  Xaiiianiel 
Roberts  of  Tovrington,  and  Rev.  Stci)lien  Ileaton 
of  Goslien.  He  published  election  sermons,  1721 
and  1737. 

MARSH,  CnAra.ES,  LL.  D.,  died  at  Wood- 
Riock,  Vt.,  Jan.  11,  1849,  aged  83.  Horn  at  Lel)- 
anon,  Conn.,  he  was  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in 
1786.    liis  father  removed  to  Vermont,  and  was 


lieutenant-governor.  T"or  fifty  yenri  lie  practised 
law  at  WoodsloeU.  Trom  lisl,'(  to  |H17  he  was 
in  congress.  He  was  a  niember  of  various  relig- 
ious and  rharitalilc  soeieiies. 

MAltSlI, 'I'lUMW,  (lied  at  I.itehlie'.d,  Conn., 
March  27,  18,",  1,  aged  n:{  ;  nn  I'.iiiscopal  minister. 
lie  griidiiated  at  Yale  in  178(1. 

MAKSII,  Di;xn.u,  died  at  fireenfield,  Ma-xs., 
.\pril  2,  18,")3,  aged  47.  .\n  uneducated  man,  a 
native  of  Montague,  while  he  lived  in  (>.  he  luid 
an  enthusiastic  zeal  in  collecting  the  print-marks 
of  various  animals  on  the  sandstones  of  the  Con- 
necticut river  valley.  He  coUi'Cted  a  valuable 
cabinet,  which,  at  his  executor's  sale,  sold  for 
nearly  3,(M)0  dollars. —  Unlland's  lliiiti)r)i,\\.  37(5. 

M.MtSlI,  Samiki,  1).,  missionary  to  the  Zulus 
in  AlVica,  ilicd  Dec.  II,  I8,"i3,  leaving  a  wife  and 
child.  I.'c  was  wise,  ])i'onipt,  courageous,  and 
])erM  iriiig.  He  was  jjcaciliil  in  bis  last  hours, 
assured  that  "the  good  jiilot "  would  conduct 
him  safely  over  tlii?  flood. 

MARSHALJ.,  HiMi'iiKKY,  a  botanist  and  in- 
dustrious horticulturist,  died  about  180;).  He 
published  Arbustum  Americanuni,  the  American 
grove,  or  ali)habetical  catalogue  of  fore  st  trees 
and  shrubs,  I'hiladelphia,  8vo.,  178j  and  1788. 
It  was  translated  into  J""reiicli,  1788. 

MARSHALL,  Mom-s,  died  at  Marshallton, 
I'enn.,  in  1813;  a  scientific  naturalist,  and  a  man 
of  practical  skill. 

^IARSIIALI>,  Ai,F,XANDi;n  K.,  reporter  of  the 
court  of  ajipeals  of  Kentucky,  died  in  Mason  co. 
in  182.J,  aged  .Oj. 

MARS1L\LL,  Jonas,  Dr.,  died  at  Fitchhurg, 
in  Dec,  182'),  aged  87. 

MABSII ALL,  Joiix,  chief  justice  of  the  United 
States,  died  atriiiladelphia  July  (i,  183.'),  aged  79. 
His  eldest  son,  on  his  way  to  his  father's  death- 
bed, was  killed  by  the  fall  of  a  chimney,  at  Balti- 
more. He  was  born  in  Faiuiuier  county,  Va., 
Sept.  24,  1705,  the  son  of  Col.  Thomas  ^L,  and 
the  eldest  of  fifteen  children.  He  had  some  clas- 
sical instruct  ion,  but  was  never  at  a  college.  A 
soldier  in  the  war,  he  reached  the  rank  of  cap- 
tain, and  t'ought  in  various  battles.  As  a  lawyer, 
he  soon  rose  to  distinction.  Of  the  Virginia  con- 
vention to  ratify  the  constitution  he  was  a  con- 
s])icuous  member.  Mr.  Adams  sent  him  as  a 
minister  to  France,  with  Pinckney  and  (jlerry,  in 
1798.  In  1800  he  was  secretary  of  war,  and  af- 
terwards secretary  of  State,  and  chief  justice  in 
1801.  On  the  resignation  of  Chief  Justice  Ells- 
worth, he  was  nominated  by  President  John 
Adams,  Jan.  31,  1801,  chief  justice  of  the  United 
States;  which  high  office  he  held  with  increasing 
reputation  and  unsul'  od  integrity  thirty-four 
years,  till  his  death,  lie  had  great  talents,  un- 
questioned uinightncss,  and  was  laboriously  de- 
voted to  the  important  duties  of  his  office.  He 
was  undoubtedly  the  most  illustrious  Judge  of 


650 


MARSTTAIJ.. 


MAHTIN. 


.•'ri 


i;  s 


our  ronntry.  Atniilst  tlip  ctuinfrr^  T  pnrlirs  In 
our  f{(iMinii;^:it  lii'  yt't  was  liiltl  in  iiiiivfrsal  r<- 
Hpcct,  Ix-ciiUNu  \u)  wiiK  n  man  not  only  of  nrvnt 
learning  anil  mental  power,  hut  al>(>  of  Htern,  un- 
'jendinj;  jiii'  iiJe.  luul  <if  moral  \iriue,  resolute 
to  niaiiitaiu  ii;,'lit,  ineapalile  of  heiu;;  nwayed 

nnide  liy  JW'  re,  interest,  or  partisausliij).  Sup- 
pose there  -aoiild  ever  stand  in  his  hi/li  ])laee 
—  the  ni'isi  ini|)orlant,  perhajis,  in  our  emnitry  — 
a  man  of  a  ditlerent  character,  whose  preJudiceH 
nnd  ])assion»  siiould  Mind  liini  to  the  :  if,'ht  when 
some  i^reat  eoMNiiiutional  question,  sueii,  perha|)s, 
an  the  relation  of  slavery  to  the  territories  of  our 
country,  should  coinei)efore  him;  and  a  majority 
of  his  associates  should  a^'ree  with  him  in  feeling 
and  judicial  decision  ;  it  is  easy  to  see  that  uucli 
a  false  jud;,'uient,  revoltin;;  to  the  sense  of  frei  - 
doni  in  tlie  hearts  of  a  majority  of  the  Stales, 
niif^ht  break  u]i  the  very  foundations'ol  our  Union. 
The  evil  of  a  ]M'i;.ident  failliies  •  to  his  trust  can 
be  remedied  l)y  tiie  ])eoi)le  :  :  a  new  election. 
But  oiu'  judges  are  jjermaneul  in  otiiee :  if  they 
become  corrujit,  there  is  no  remedy  i)ut  revolu- 
tion. Jud}i;o  Story,  who  was  twenty-four  years 
the  associate  of  Chief  Justice  Marshall,  said  of 
him,  that  there  was  not  a  man  of  any  jjarty 
"who  would  not  cheerfully  admit,  that  the  hij,'h- 
est  judicial  honors  could  not  have  fallen  on  any 
one  who  could  have  sustained  them  with  more 
solid  advnntajje  to  the  f^lory  or  interests  of  tlie 
country."  And  as  to  his  oHicial  laliors  he  also 
said  :  "  There  is  one  class  of  cases  which  oufjht 
not  t^  [)•'  overlooked,  because  it  comes  home  to 
the  iwjsiuu'sn  and  bosom  of  every  citi/en  "f  this 
coi..'.vr},  a:  d  is  felt  in  every  gradation  of  life, 
fiai.i  liic  Chief  magistrate  down  to  the  inmate  of 
ui!'-  i:.r,iv\!ic.  We  allude  to  the  grave  discussions 
of  coii-iU'utional  law,  which,  during  his  time,  have 
attracted  so  much  of  the  talci'.t.s  of  the  bar  in  the 
supreme  court,  and  sometimes  agitated  the  whole 
nation.  If  all  others  of  the  chief  justice's  judi- 
cial arguments  had  perished,  his  luminous  judg- 
ments on  these  occasions  would  have  given  an 
enviable  immortality  to  his  name."  —  Judge  ilar- 
shall's  residence  was  Itichmond,  Va.  lie  had 
gone  to  Philadelphia  for  medical  advice  in  his 
failing  health.  His  faculties  he  retained  to  the 
la.st;  and  he  met  death  with  the  resignation  of 
the  Christian.  lie  was  a  man  of  kind  feelings 
and  simple  manners :  he  was  not  uplifted  by  his 
honors.  In  his  dress  he  was  very  plain.  lie 
mixed  easily  with  his  neighbors.  In  various  ob- 
jects of  benevolence  and  human  improvement  ho 
took  a  lively  interest.  He  believed  in  the  Chris- 
tian religion;  was  a  regular  attendant  on  the 
Episcopal  church ;  was  one  of  the  vice-presidents 
of  the  American  bible  society,  and  the  president 
of  the  colonization  society.  No  one,  in  the  ])os- 
seasion  of  his  reason,  would  ascribe  to  him,  or  to 
Washington,  the  project  of  reviving  the  slave 


f  trade,  or  the  wish  to  extend  nc  1  i  rrpetnntr 
(Javi-ry,  or  the  abhciice  of  the  wi-i  ■  T  juiiee  and 
hunuuiity,  that  all  nluvery  migl.i  unic  to  an 
enil.  —  lie  pul)lislied  the  life  of  Washington,  .'i 
vols.,  iMOij;  'Jd  edit.,  improved,  in  ii  vols.,  ls;;j. 
,  The  history  of  the  colonies  was  published  sep- 
'  arately  !'    .'..M. 

M.\l!Nii-\)  f,,  JdiiN  1"..,  an  eminent  phy.ijcian, 
'  (li((l  at  iliiiiiiio  in  INJjH,  aged  ')'2. 

M.\ltSil.\l,l,,  Jdii.N  J.,  judge,  died  in  LoiiIn- 
vil!c,  Ky.,  June,  IKKi.  aged  (11,  He  had  a  great 
j  estate;  l)ut,  lending  his  name  generously  and  in- 
cautiously to  support  the  credit  of  otlurs,  he  lost 
his  |)ro])erty. 

M.\]{S1I.\I,I,.  ANimilw.  a  colon  d  preiicher, 
died  in  iiichmond,  Va.,  about  ])ec.  lit),  INoli.agcd 
100.  For  many  years  he  was  jiastor  of  the  Afri- 
can lla])tist  church,  Savannah.  He  had  gi''^.  and 
by  his  excellent  character  he  won  the  respic  •  and 
esteem  of  all  who  knew  him.  He  jireachi  !,  in 
the  last  spring,  in  various  churches  in  "  ew  York. 

MAUSrON,  John,  died  in  Taimton  Dec.  i;j, 
18|(i,  aged  !)1  ;  a  commandant  of  artillery  uiuler 
Cien.  Knox  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution. 

MAUTHA,  an  Indian,  died  at  Mohegan,  near 
Xorwieh,  Conn.,  in  INOij,  aged  IL'O.  She  was  the 
widow  of  Zacharah,  a  chief,  and  was  herself  I'oi' 
years  the  agent  of  the  .Muhegan  tribe. 

MARTIN,  John,  first  minister  of  Norlhbo- 
rongh,  Mass.,  died  in  17(>",  aged  01.  Horn  in 
lioston,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  172J,  and 
was  settled  in  171(i. 

MAliTIX,  Ai,!;xaxi)i:r,  LL.  P.,  governor  of 
North  Carolina  from  1782  to  17n,j,  died  in 
1807.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  convention 
which  framed  the  constitution  of  the  United 
Slates.  In  1780  he  was  again  chosen  gov(  rner. 
In  1792  he  was  elected  a  senator  of  the  United 
States. 

MARTIN,  riiiLir,a  jiatriot  of  the  Revolution, 
died  at  Providence,  R.  I.,  in  1821,  aged  Go.  He 
was  a  State  senator. 

MARTIN,  LcTHKii,  a  patriot  of  the  Revolu- 
tion and  a  jurist,  died  at  New  York  Jidy  10, 
182G,  aged  81. 

MARTIN,  William  P.,  a  Methodist  minister, 
died  near  Lynchburg,  Va.,  in  1829,  aged  84. 

MARTIN,  Jamics,  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  died 
atlvnoxvillc  in  18u.'},  aged  106. 

MARTIN,  John,  died  in  Augusta,  Ga.,  Feb. 
14, 1843,  aged  lOo.  His  ])arents  came  with  Ogle- 
thorpe. He  served  in  the  Cherokee  war,  and  was 
wounded  in  the  licad  by  an  Indian  tomahawk. 
He  served  also  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution. 

MARTIN,  FiiAXCiis  X.,  LL.  I).,  died  at  Xcw 
Orleans  Dec.  9,  1840,  aged  84.  lie  was  chief 
justice  of  the  Kui)renie  court  of  Louisiana,  lie 
was  born  in  Marseilles  in  France.  He  jnib- 
lished  cases  in  supreme  court  of  Louisiana,  in  12 
vols.,  181C-1823 ;  the  same,  new  series,  8  vols., 


MAUTIN. 


MASON. 


r,rA 


1H2I-Ift30j  history  of  North  Cnmlliin,  2  vol*.,] 

ISIH. 

MAUTIN,  JoHKi'ii  P.,  (lipil  ill  I'roupcct,  Mo.,  j 
.M;iy  'J.  lM.")t>,  ii;;i'il  !M».  The  smi  of  :i  iniiii^tcr  ill  : 
llrrl\siiii<'.  lit'  I'litcrrii  llic  uriiiy  in  I7T<>,  ami  wn^ 
ill  ncvrriil  lilcuxiy  liiiltii'H.  lie  was  I  In- clerk  iil"  I 
(]w  town,  wliicli  was  a  wildi  incss  wlicii  he  si'tllcd  : 
in  it.  llo  |iiil)li^li('(I  ill  lH.'iO  II  luirrativi' uf  his 
ailvciiturcN  a.t  n  Mdldicr.  I 

MAit'l'lN,  David,  a  pnjmlar  writer,  liii'il  at 
Iliilon  l;  Ml),'!',  I,n.,  in  IHVu.  He  wrote  the  soil);, 
"  Ki'in  is  my  iio'^u'. ' 

MAKTINDAI,!",,  Stkimiin,  minister  of  Wiil- 
liiiifford,  Vt.,  ilicil  in  1H17.  a)?od  .<'.  Horn  in 
West  Dorset,  he  '.jnuluated  it  Milldlclitiry  ii\ 
ISOd,  ami  was  a  priccptor  m  "  s.  lie  was 
n  minister  at  Tiniiionth  fro:  !  J^^'J'J,  and 

I'lr  I  lie  rest  of  his  life  at  W.  '    nalu, 

M.Vin'YX,  Uicii.MtD.Hpt  .1  .        .Illy, 

died  at  Portsmouth,  N.  11.,  iu        '  m  one 

of  the  founders  of  the  churc;.  ,  k;  and  a 
cimiiL'illor.  1  lis  son,  llichard,  a  graduate  of  1(j8(), 
was  for  a  'iine  a  jireachcr. 

M.\RVIX,  TiKiMAS  J.,  judge,  died  at  Havana 
in  Dec,  1  S.jL',  aged  .'JO.  lie  lived  at  Sarato);a. 
He  ami  his  brother  were  the  proprietors  of  the 
);reat  house,  called  the  United  States  hotel,  and 
had  held  it  for  twenty  years,  constantly  enlai-);iii); 
and  improving  it.  He  was  a  judge  in  Saratoga 
county. 

M.VSON,  John,  ca])tain,  proprietor  of  New 
llani])sliire,  died  in  Ki-'lj.  He  was  a  merchant  of 
London,  and  afterwards  governor  of  Xewfound- 
land.  On  his  return  he  met  with  Sir  A\'in.  Alex- 
ander, who  was  induced  to  engage  in  the  iiroject 
of  settling  the  new  world,  and  obtained  a  patent 
of  .\cadie,  or  Nova  Scotia,  in  l(i21.  in  the  same 
year  Mason  obtained  of  the  Plymouth  company, 
of  which  he  was  a  member,  a  grant  of  the  land 
from  Salem  river  to  the  Merrimack,  and  nj)  to 
the  heads  thereof,  called  Mariana.  In  1G22  he 
and  Gorges  obtained  a  grant  of  the  lands  between 
the  Merrimac  and  Sagadahoc,  extending  back  to 
the  lakes,  called  Laconia.  He  obtained,  Nov.  7, 
lGl'9,  a  new  patent  of  New  Hampshire.  His 
daughter  Jane  married  John  Tufton,  whose  son, 
llobert  T.,  assumed  the  name  of  Mason.  He  had 
been  at  great  expense  in  the  settlement  of  his 
province,  with  no  advantage,  llis  heirs  sold  their 
rights  to  Samuel  Allen  in  1G91. 

MASON,  JoiiN,  major,  a  brave  soldier,  and 
author  of  the  history  of  the  Pequot  war,  died 
about  1072,  aged  72.  He  was  born  in  England 
about  the  year  IGOO.  He  was  bred  to  arras  in 
the  Netherlands,  under  Sir  Thomas  Fairfox,  whose 
good  opinion  he  so  much  conciliated,  that,  after 
his  arrival  in  this  country,  when  the  struggle 
arose  in  England  between  King  Charles  I.  and 
the  parliament,  Sir  Thomas  addressed  a  letter  to 
Mason,  requesting  kirn  to  join  liis  standard  and 


jrivp  IiIh  nuMistnnce  to  ihiise  who  wore  confonilliig 

fi>r  the    liberties    of  the    peoph'.      Tlii<   ii|>iliiliiiM, 
however,  was  ileiliiinl.     .Mason    wo-   one  of  the 
first  settlers  <>(  I  »iii(  Jiester.  b>'llig  one  of  the  eom- 
paiiy  of  Mr,  \S'.iili;iiii  in  IG;!().     I'rom  this  pi  itu 
he  removed  to  Windsor  about  ihe  year  I(i;j"i,  and 
assisted  in  lading  the  I'oiindation  of  ii  i  rw  coloiiy. 
'i'lu-  Pe(|Uot  «ar,  ill  wliirli  he  \v;is  sodistiiigiiihiied, 
was  in  llie  \ear  IG.'J7.     The  I'l  cpiot  Iiidi.iiis  were 
a  sp    ited  and  warlike  nalioii,  who  lived  near  .S'lW 
l.inidoii.     In    IG.'it   a   Irilie  wliiili  was  in  eonl'ed- 
eracy  with  them  murdered   a   (';iptiiiii  .Stone  and 
a  Captain  Norton,  with  their  crew  of  eight  men, 
and  then  sunk  the  vessel.     ,\  jiartof  the  pluti  '<  < 
was  receiveil  by  .Sassanis,  the  J'cfpiol  sachen)       '.'i 
1G;J<)  the  Pii|uo  s  killed  a  iiiimljer  of  iner  .'  ■"'.'.- 
brook,  where  there  was  a  garrison  of  all         .vji;  ^ 
men;  in   conseipienee  of  wliieli  Mason  >  as   sc  , 
down   the   river   by   the   Coiim  ctieut   cohiny  in 
March,  1G;J7,  for  the  relief  of  the  fort.     He  re- 
mained there  a  month,  but  not   ui  Indian  was  to 
be  seen.     In  April  the  Peipiols  l.illed  nine  of  the 
I'nglish   at   AVelherstield,   and  (k>in)yed    much 
jiroperty.     The   colony    was   now   reduced    to  a 
most  lamentable  condition.     The  inhabitants  were 
ill  number  but  about  two  hundred  and  lifty,  and 
most  of  the  men  were  needed  for  the  labor  of  the 
))laiitations.     Many  of  the  cattle  had  been  lost  by 
the  want  of  hay  or  corn.     There  were,  jierhaps, 
not   five  ploughs   in   the  colony,  and  the   ])eoplo 
were  suffering  for  want  of  provisions.     They  were 
at  the  same  time  so  harassed  by  a  powerful  enemy, 
that  they  could  neither  hunt,  fish,  nor  cultivate 
their  fields,  but  at  the  peril  of  iheir  lives.     They 
were  obliged  to  keep  a  eoiistaiit  watch.     At  this 
crisis  a  court  was  summoned  at  Hartford  on  the 
first  of  May.     liesides  the  six  iniigistrates,  there 
were  also  committees  from  the  few  towns  in  tho 
colony,  to  comjiose   the   court.     As  the  Petpiots 
had  killed  about  thirty,  and  were  endeavoring  to 
efi'ect  a  union  of  all  the  Indians  in  a  ])lan  for  the 
extirjiation  of  the  English,  it  was  determined  that 
an  offensive   war  should   be   carried   on   against 
them,  and  that  ninety  men  should  immediately 
be  raised,  forty-two  from  Hartford,  thirty  from 
Windsor,  and  eighteen  from  W'etherslield.     The 
little  army,  under  the  command  of  Mason,  with 
Mr.  Stone  for  their  chaplain,  fell  down  the  river 
on  the  10th,  and  arrived  at  Saybrook  on  the  17th. 
They  had  united  with  them  about  seventy  Indians 
under  the  command  of  Uncas,  sachem  of  the  Mo- 
hegans,  who  had  lately  revolted  from  Sassacus. 
At  Saybrook  Mason  and  his  officers  were  entirely 
divided  in  opinion  respecting  the  manner  of  pros- 
ecuting their  enterprise.    The  court  had  directed 
the  landing  of  the  men  at  Petpiot  harbor,  from 
whence  they  were  to  advance  upon  the  enemy ; 
but  Mason  was  of  opinion  that  they  should  sail 
past  the  Pequot  country  to   Narragansett,   and 
theu  return  and  take  the  enemy  by  surprise. 


.v^^ 

^^.^> 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


V. 


i% 


1.0 


I.I 


1.25 


■so  I""""   inii^H 
1^  Bii   1 2.2 

H^   ^    12.0 


1.4 


1.6 


■Z 


Hiotographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


552 


MASON. 


This  opinion  was  n  proof  of  his  discernment  and 
military  skill.  The  I'equots  were  expecting;  them 
at  the  hartior,  where  they  kept  a  watch  day  and 
night;  and  the  ])lacc  was  encompassed  hy  rocks 
and  thickets,  affordiiif?  the  Indians,  who  were  the 
more  numerous,  every  advantaf;e.  It  woidd  he 
difficult  to  land,  and  if  a  landinf?  was  effected,  it 
would  he  difficult  to  a])proach  the  enemy's  forts 
without  heing  much  harassed,  and  giving  an  oj)- 
portunity  for  all  of  them  to  escaj)e,  if  they  were 
unwilling  to  fight.  Uesidcs,  hy  going  first  to  Nar- 
ragansett,  the  hope  was  indulged  that  some  ac- 
cession to  their  force  might  be  procured.  These 
reasons  weighed  much  with  Mason,  hut  not  with 
the  other  oiKcers,  who  were  afraid  to  exceed  their 
commission.  In  this  jjcrplexity  ^Ir.  Stone  was 
desired  to  seek  wisdom  from  above.  Having 
spent  most  of  Thursday  night  in  jjrayer  on  board 
the  Pink,  in  the  morning  he  went  on  shore  and 
told  Mason  he  was  entirely  s.itisficd  with  his  plan. 
The  council  was  again  called,  and  the  j)lan  was 
adopted.  On  Saturday,  the  20th,  they  arrived  at 
Narragansett ;  but  the  wind  was  so  unfavorable, 
that  they  could  not  land  until  Tuesday  at  sunset. 
He  immediately  marched  to  the  residence  of  the 
sachem,  Miantunnomu,  and  disclosed  to  him  the 
object  which  ho  had  in  view.  Two  hundred  of 
the  Narragansetts  joined  him,  and  on  Wednesday 
they  marched  about  eighteen  or  twenty  miles  to 
the  eastern  Nihantick,  which  was  a  frontier  to  the 
Pequots.  Here  was  the  seat  of  one  of  the  Narra- 
gansett sachems,  who  was  so  unfriendly  that  he 
would  not  suffer  any  of  the  English  to  enter  the 
fort.  A  strong  guard  was  in  consequence  placed 
round  it,  that  none  of  the  Indians  should  come 
out  and  alarm  the  Pequots.  The  little  army  con- 
tinued its  march  on  Thursday,  having  in  its  train 
about  five  hundred  Indians.  In  the  evening  they 
reached  the  neighborhood  of  one  of  the  Pequot 
forts  at  Mystic.  The  army  encamped,  being  ex- 
ceedingly iiitigued  in  consequence  of  the  heat  and 
the  want  of  necessaries.  The  guards,  who  were 
advanced  considerably  in  front,  heard  the  enemy 
singing  until  midnight.  It  was  a  time  of  rejoic- 
ing with  them,  as  they  had  seen  the  vessels  pass 
a  few  days  before,  and  concluded  that  the  Eng- 
lish had  not  courage  to  attack  them.  About  two 
hours  before  day  on  the  morning  of  Friday,  May 
20th,  the  captain  assembled  his  men,  and  prepared 
himself  for  determining  the  fate  of  Connecticut. 
The  blessing  of  God  was  briefly  and  devoutly  im- 
plored. "With  less  than  eighty  brave  men  he 
marched  forward,  the  Indians,  who  were  much 
afraid,  having  fallen  in  the  rear.  He  told  them 
to  stay  behind  at  what  distance  they  jileased,  and 
to  see  whether  Englishmen  would  not  fight.  As 
Mason  approached  within  a  rod  of  the  fort  a  dog 
barked,  and  an  Indian  roared  out,  Owanux !  Owa- 
nux !  [Englishmen !  Englishmen !]  The  troops 
pressed  on,  and,  having  tired  upon  the  Indians 


MASON. 

through  the  palisadocs,  entered  the  fort  at  the 
princijial  entrance,  sword  in  hand.  After  a  severe 
conflict,  in  which  a  number  of  the  enemy  were 
killed,  victory  was  still  doubtful,  for  the  Indians 
concealed  themselves  in  and  about  their  wigwams, 
and,  from  their  retreats,  made  good  use  of  their 
arrows.  At  this  crisis  the  captain  cried  out  to  his 
men,  "  We  must  burn  them  ! "  and,  seizing  a  fire- 
brand in  one  of  the  wigwams,  set  fire  to  the  mats 
with  which  they  were  covered.  In  a  short  time 
all  the  wigwams  were  wrapped  in  flames.  Mason 
drew  his  men  without  the  fort,  encompassing  it 
completely  ;  and  the  sachem,  Uncas,  with  his  In- 
dians and  such  of  the  Narragansetts  as  remained, 
took  courage  and  formed  another  circle  in  the 
rear.  The  enemy  were  now  thrown  into  the  ut- 
most terror.  Some  climbed  the  palisadoes  and 
were  brought  down  by  the  fire  of  the  muskets  j 
others  were  so  bewildered  that  they  rushed  into 
the  very  flames.  A  number  collected  to  the  wind- 
ward and  endeavored  to  defend  themselves  with 
their  arrows,  and  about  forty  of  the  boldest  issued 
forth  and  were  cut  down  by  the  swords  of  the 
English.  In  a  little  more  than  an  hour  the  whole 
work  of  destruction  was  completed.  Seventy 
wigwams  were  burned,  and  six  hundred  Indians 
perished.  Seven  escaped,  and  seven  were  taken 
prisoners.  Two  only  of  the  English  were  killed, 
and  sixteen  wounded.  The  victory  was  complete, 
but  the  army  was  in  great  danger  and  distress. 
So  many  were  wounded  and  worn  down  by  fa- 
tigue, that  only  about  forty  could  be  spared  to 
contend  with  the  remaining  enemy.  In  about  an 
hour  three  hundred  Indians  came  on  from  another 
fort  i  but  Mason  led  out  a  chosen  party  and 
checked  their  onset.  It  was  determined  to  march 
immediately  for  Pequot  harbor,  into  which,  a  few 
minutes  before,  to  their  unutterable  joy,  they  had 
seen  their  vessels  enter,  guided  by  the  hand  of 
Providence.  When  the  march  commenced,  the 
Indians  advanced  to  the  hill  on  which  the  fort 
had  stood.  The  desolation  which  here  presented 
itself  to  their  view  filled  them  with  rage ;  they 
stamped  and  tore  their  hair  in  the  transports  of 
passion ;  and,  rushing  down  the  hill  with  great 
fury,  seemed  determined  to  avenge  themselves  on 
the  destroyers  of  their  brethren.  But  the  supe- 
riority of  fire-arms  to  their  bows  and  arrows  kept 
them  at  a  distance.  Mason  reached  the  harbor 
in  safety  j  and,  jmtting  his  wounded  aboard,  the 
next  day  mnrchcd  by  land  to  Saybrook  with  a))out 
twenty  men.  His  safe  return,  and  the  success 
which  attended  the  expedition,  filled  the  whole 
colony  with  joy  and  thanksgiving.  Several  prov- 
idential cvoiits  were  particularly  noticed.  It  was 
thought  remarkable  that  the  vessels  should  come 
into  the  harbor  at  the  very  moment  when  they 
were  so  much  needed.  As  Mason  entered  a 
wigwam  for  fire  to  burn  the  fort,  an  Indian  was 
drawing  an  arrow  to  the  very  head,  and  would 


MASON. 


MASON. 


553 


it  when  they 


have  killed  him  instantly,  had  not  one  Davis  at 
this  critical  moment  cut  the  bowstring  with  his 
sword.  So  com])letcly  was  the  object  of  the  ex- 
pedition effected,  that  the  remaining  Pequots  were 
filled  with  such  terror,  that  they  burned  their  wig- 
wams and  fled  from  their  abode.  The  greatest 
part  of  them  went  towards  New  York.  Mason 
was  sent  out  to  pursue  them,  and  he  took  one 
hundred  prisoners  of  the  old  men,  women,  and 
children.  The  rest,  about  two  hundred  in  num- 
ber, soon  submitted  themselves,  engaging  never 
to  live  in  their  country  again,  avid  becoming  sub- 
ject to  the  sachems  of  Mohegan  and  Narragan- 
sett,  with  the  disgraceful  necessity  of  never  again 
being  called  Pequots. 

Soon  after  this  war.  Mason  was  appointed  by 
the  government  of  Connecticut  major-general  of 
all  their  forces,  and  continued  in  this  ofHce  till  his 
death.  He  remained  a  magistrate,  to  which  sta- 
tion he  was  first  chosen  in  1642,  till  May,  1G60, 
when  he  was  elected  deputy-governor.  In  this 
office  he  continued  ten  years,  till  May,  1670,  when 
his  infirmities  induced  him  to  retire  from  public 
life.  Alter  the  Pequot  war,  at  the  request  of  the 
inhabitants  of  Saybrook,  and  for  the  defence  of 
the  colony,  he  removed  from  Windsor  to  that 
place  in  1647.  Thence,  in  1659,  he  removed  to 
Norwich,  where  he  died  in  1672  or  1673,  aged 
72.  He  left  three  sons,  Samuel,  John,  and  Dan- 
iel, whose  descendants  are  numerous;  one  of 
them  was  Jeremiah  Mason,  of  Portsmouth.  Mason 
held  the  same  reputation  for  military  talents  in 
Connecticut,  which  Standish  held  in  Plymouth 
colony.  Both  rendered  the  most  important  ser- 
vices to  their  country.  Both  were  bred  to  arms 
in  the  Dutch  Netherlands.  Standish  was  of 
short  stature,  but  Mason  was  tall  and  portly,  and 
equally  distinguished  for  his  courage  and  vigor. 
He  was  also  a  gentleman  of  prudence  and  correct 
morals.  At  the  request  of  the  general  court  he 
drew  up  and  published  a  brief  history  of  the  Pe- 
quot war.  It  is  reprinted  in  Increase  Mather's 
relation  of  troubles  by  the  Indians,  1677.  It  was 
also  republished  more  correctly,  with  an  introduc- 
tion and  some  explanatory  notes  by  Thomas 
Prince,  in  1736.  — Introduction  to  Mason's  His- 
tory ;  Trumbull,  I.  68-87,  337  ;  Holmes. 

MASON,  George,  an  eminent  statesman  of 
Virginia,  died  in  1792,  aged  67.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  genera!  convention  which  in  1787 
framed  the  constitution  of  the  United  States,  but 
refused  to  sign  his  name,  ns  otip  of  thot  body,  to 
the  instrument  which  they  had  produced.  In  the 
following  year  he  was  a  member  of  the  Virginia 
convention,  which  considered  the  proposed  jjlan 
of  federal  government.  He  united  with  Henry, 
and  opposed  its  adoption  with  great  energy.  lie 
thought  that  the  confederation  was  about  to  be 
converted  into  a  consolidated  government,  for 
wlilch,  he  said,  many  of  the  members  of  the  geu- 
70 


eral  convention  avowed  an  attachment,  and  he 
was  desirous  of  introducing  amendments.  He 
contended  for  the  necessity  of  an  article,  rcsening 
to  the  State  all  ]K>wers  not  delegated.  Tills  arti- 
cle is  now  among  the  amendments  of  the  consti- 
tution. He  wished  also  that  there  should  be  % 
limitation  to  the  continuance  of  the  president  in 
office.  So  averse  was  he  to  that  section  which 
allowed  the  slave  trade  for  twenty  years,  that,  at- 
tached as  he  was  to  the  union  of  all  the  States, 
he  declared  that  he  would  not  admit  the  southern 
States  into  the  union,  unless  they  would  agree  to 
discontinue  the  traffic.  He  died  at  his  seat  at 
Gunston  Hall,  Va. 

MASON,  Joii.v,  D.  D.,  minister  of  the  Scotch 
church  in  Cedar  street,  N.  Y.,  died  in  1792,  aged 
u7.  His  widow,  Sarah,  died  hi  1827,  aged  84,  at 
New  llochelle,  at  the  house  of  Rev.  Isaac  Blon- 
velt,  her  brother-in-law. 

MASON,  David,  colonel,  died  in  Boston  Sept. 
17,  1704,  aged  67.  He  wns  a  meritorious  officer 
of  the  Uevolution,  and  laid  the  foundation  of  the 
armory  at  Springfield.  His  earliest  ancestor  in 
Boston  came  from  England  in  1634.  He  learned 
the  art  of  painting  and  gilding,  and  then  portrait- 
painting  of  Greenwood ;  he  also  delivered  lec- 
tures on  electricity  in  various  towns.  Dr.  Frank- 
lin was  a  friend  in  his  father's  house.  In  the 
French  war  he  was  a  lieutenant,  and  understood 
well  the  art  of  gunnery,  commanding  a  battery  of 
six  cannon  in  fort  William  and  Henry.  He  was 
there  taken  prisoner,  but  was  released  in  the 
woods  by  the  kindness  of  a  French  officer.  In 
1763  he  organized  the  first  artillery  company  in 
Boston,  In  1774  he  was  appointed  engineer. 
Two  brass  cannon,  which  the  British  seized,  he 
secretly  carried  off  concealed  in  loads  of  manure. 
His  wife,  Hannah,  graud-daughter  of  Ilev.  Thomas 
Symmes,  cut  out  five  thousand  flannel  cartridges. 
From  Salem,  April  19,  1775,  he  marched  to  Med- 
ford  with  four  or  five  hundred  men.  Under 
Washington's  eye  he  bombarded  Boston  from 
Dorchester  heights  with  a  13-inch  mortar,  cap- 
tured by  Capt.  Manly.  At  the  second  fire  the 
mortar  burst  and  wounded  him  in  his  leg.  As 
soon  as  he  could  ride,  he  followed  Washington  to 
New  York.  Late  in  1776  Washington  ordered 
him  to  select  a  place  for  preparing  ammunition  ; 
he  agreed  for  ten  acres,  now  the  arsenal  at  Spring- 
field, and  there  he  lived  five  years.  His  residence 
was  afterwards  at  Springfield.  His  State  securi- 
ties he  sold  at  a  great  loss,  for  two  or  threi  shil- 
lings on  the  pound.  In  1786  he  became  lame, 
and  remained  so  eight  years,  till  his  deatu.  He 
was  a  Christian,  eminent  for  love  to  God  and 
man.  His  daughter  Hannah  married  Copt.  John 
Bryant  of  Boston,  and  died  at  Springfield.  Su- 
sanna married  Professor  John  Smith  of  Hanover. 
Mary  married  Daniel  Tuttle  of  Boston.  His 
grandsou,  John  Bryant,  merchant  of  Boston,  now 


551 


MASON. 


MASSASOIT. 


living,  married  Mary,  a  daughter  of  Professor 
Smith  by  his  first  wife,  Mary  Cleaveland. 

MASOX,  JoiiN,  minister  of  Swanzey,  died  in 
July,  1801,  aged  85. 

MASON,  Thaddeus,  register  of  deeds  for  Mid- 
dlesex, died  May  1,  1802,  aged  96.  He  grad- 
uated at  Cambridge  in  1728. 

MASON,  John  M.,  D.  D.,  minister  in  New 
York,  died  Dec.  27,  1829,  aged  69.  He  was  the 
■on  of  Dr.  John  M.,  was  bom  March  19,  1770, 
and  was  graduated  at  Columbia  college  in  1789. 
Having  studied  theology  with  his  father,  he  com- 
pleted his  education  at  Edinburgh.  In  1792  he 
succeeded  his  father  in  the  church  in  Cedar  street. 
By  his  letters  on  frequent  communion,  written  in 
1798,  the  associate  Reformed  chiurches  were  in- 
duced to  change  the  old  custom  of  communing 
but  twice  a  year  for  a  more  frequent  commemora- 
tion of  the  death  of  the  Redeemer.  Appointed 
professor  of  theology  in  1801,  he  performed  the 
duties  until  lus  health  declined.  In  1810  his  con- 
nection with  Cedar-street  church  was  dissolved, 
and  in  1812  he  became  the  pastor  of  a  new  church 
in  Murray  street.  From  1811  to  1816  he  was 
the  provost  of  Columbia  college.  In  1816  he 
travelled  in  Europe  for  the  benefit  of  his  health ; 
in  1819  he  suffered  from  two  paralytic  attacks. 
From  1821  he  presided  over  Dickinson  college  in 
Pennsylvania  imtil  1824,  when  he  returned  to  New 
York,  and  lingered  the  rest  of  his  days  the 
■hadow  of  what  he  once  was. 

He  was  eminent  for  erudition  and  for  his  intel- 
lectual powers.  As  a  preacher  he  was  uncom- 
monly eloquent.  But  he  was  harsh  and  overbear- 
ing, somewhat  in  proportion  "  to  the  robustness 
of  his  faculties  of  mind  and  body."  At  a  contri- 
bution in  his  church,  a  man  put  into  the  box  a 
counterfeit  ten-dollar  bill.  In  the  afternoon  Dr. 
M.  said  to  the  people :  "  A  counterfeit  ten-dollar 
bill  was  put  into  the  box  this  morning;  the  man 
knew  it  to  be  counterfeit ;  if  he  is  here,  I  will  tell 
him — 'the  Almighty  has  debited  you  ten  dollars, 
and  will  charge  you  compound  interest  during  the 
endless  ages  of  eternity!'"  In  preaching  he 
once  quoted  Pope's  lines  as  to  God's  being  adored 
alike  "  by  saint  and  suvugu  uiiu  by  sage,"  he  pro- 
nounced it  (in  his  deepest  guttural),  "  the  most 
danmable  lie."  He  edited  for  some  years  the 
Christian's  magazine,  in  which  he  had  a  contro- 
versy with  Bishop  Hobart  on  Episcopalianidm. 
In  that  work  his  letters  on  frequent  communion, 
a  plea  for  communion  on  catholic  principles,  and 
other  writings,  arc  found.  He  published  a  sermon 
preached  before  the  New  York  missionary  society, 
1797 ;  before  the  London  missionary  society,  about 
1802  i  an  oration  on  the  death  of  Washington, 
1800 ;  of  Hamilton,  1804.  Four  volumes  of  his 
sermons  were  published  in  1832. 

MASON,  Armistead  T.,  general,  a  senator  of 


the  United  States,  died  Feb.  C,  1819,  aged  33. 
He  was  the  son  of  Stephens  Thompson  Mnsr  n, 
a  senator  from  Virginia,  and  was  bom  in  1785. 
He  ably  defended  Norfolk  in  1812.  On  the  resig- 
nation of  Mr.  Giles  he  was  elected  senator  in  liis 
place  in  1816,  the  term  of  ofiice  expiring  in  1817, 
In  consequence  of  a  political  dispute  with  his  rel- 
ative, John  McCarty,  they  fought  a  duel  with 
muskets  at  Bladensburg,  when  Gen.  Mason  was 
killed.  In  the  correspondence  with  his  antago- 
nist, which  was  published,  he  manifested  the  most 
malignant  ferocity.  The  benevolent  temper,  en- 
joined by  the  gospel  of  Jesus  Christ,  would  have 
excluded  from  his  heart  that  hatred  of  his  brother 
which  led  to  his  own  destruction.  In  the  first 
third  of  the  present  century  there  were  more  than 
a  hundred  murders  committed  by  duellists  in  this 
country,  and  the  blood  of  more  than  a  hundred 
unavenged  murders  cries  to  Heaven  against  our 
guilty  land.  Maj.  Campbell  was  executed  in  Lon- 
don in  Sept.,  1808,  for  killing  Capt.  Boyd  in  a 
duel;  yet  in  our  republic  no  "honorable  mur- 
derer" has  yet  been  brought  to  the  gallows. 
Blackstone,  in  expounding  the  law  of  England, 
says  of  deliberate  duelling,  that  "  both  parties 
meet  avowedly  with  an  intent  to  murder."  The 
law  of  God  and  the  laws  of  our  country  require^ 
that  the  murderer  shall  be  put  to  death. 

MASON,  Abel,  captain,  died  at  Southbridge, 
Mass.,  in  1832,  aged  93,  a  soldier  of  1756,  and 
of  the  Revolution. 

MASON,  Ebenezek  P.,  died  in  1840,  aged  21. 
He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1839,  and  published  an 
introduction  to  practical  astronomy. 

MASON,  William,  minister  of  Castine,  Maine, 
died  in  1847,  aged  about  77.  Born  in  Rowley, 
he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1792.  He  was  set- 
tled in  1793,  and  disir'    A  in  1834. 

MASON,  Elihu.  er  of  Le  Roy,  N.  Y., 

died  in  1849,  aged  t  om  at  West  Spring- 

field, he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1808,  ond 
was  the  minister  of  Herkimer,  N.  Y.,  then  of 
Barkhamstead,  Conn.,  two  years  from  1814 ;  then 
engage'',  in  missionary  service ;  at  last  was  pastor 
at  Lo  iloy,  when  after  four  years  he  was  in  1833 
disabled  by  ill  health.  He  was  laborious  and 
eminently  juous. 

MASON,  Joseph,  Dr.,  died  in  Providence 
July  19,  1843,  aged  about  76,  for  many  years  an 
eminent  physician.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Brown 
university  in  1786. 

MASON,  Stevens  Thompson,  the  only  son  of 
Gen.  John  Thompson  Mason,  died  at  New  York 
Jan.  4,  1843,  aged  31.  At  the  age  of  nineteen 
he  was  appointed  secretary  of  Michigan,  and  was 
its  governor  as  a  Territory,  and  also  as  a  State. 

MASON,  John  Thompson,  general,  died  at 
Galveston  April  17,  1860.  A  native  of  Virginia, 
he  lived  in  Kentucky  from  1811  to  1835 ;  and  in 


MATIIEH. 


MATHER. 


555 


Michigan,  where  hr>  lived  fifteen  years ;  he  was 
governor  after  tb-j  Icath  of  iiis  son,  Stevens 
Thompson  Mason. 

MASON,  jERKMun,  LL.  D.,  died  at  Boston 
Nov.  14,  1848,  aged  80.  Descended  from  Capt. 
John  Mason,  he  was  born  in  Lebanon  ;  liis  father, 
opulent,  died  in  1813.  His  grandfather  died  in 
Norwich  in  1770;  his  great-grandfather  lived  at 
Haddam.  He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1788.  In 
the  practice  of  law  he  lived  first  at  Westmore- 
land, N.  H.,  then  at  Walpolc,  and  at  Portsmouth 
in  1797.  In  1802  he  was  attorney-general. 
From  1813  to  1817  he  was  a  senator  of  the  United 
States.  In  1832  he  removed  to  Boston ;  at  the 
age  of  seventy  ho  left  the  bar,  though  still  con- 
sulted as  a  lawyer.  His  high  character  in  his 
profession  was  described  by  Mr.  Webster  and 
Judge  Woodbury.  As  few  men  were  so  tall  in 
stature,  so  very  few  ever  reached  his  height  of 
excellence  as  a  lawyer. 

MASON,  Thomas,  minister  of  Northfield, 
Mass.,  died  Jan.  3,  18dl,  aged  81.  Bom  at 
Princeton,  he  was  a  graduate  of  Harvard  in  1796, 
and  pastor  at  N.  from  1799  to  1830.  He  pub- 
lished a  thanksgiving  sermon,  1824. 

MASON,  Erskine,  D.  D.,  died  at  New  York 
May  14,  1851,  aged  47;  minister  at  BIccckcr 
street ;  son  of  Dc  John  M.  Mason.  His  memoir, 
written  by  W.  Adams,  is  prefixed  to  his  sermons 
on  practical  subjects,  entitled  a  pastor's  legacy. 

MASSASOIT,  sachem  or  king  of  the  Wompo- 
neags  or  Womponoogs,  whose  authority  extended 
from  Narragansett  bay  to  Massachusetts  bay, 
died  about  1G55.  He  is  sometimes  called  their 
great  sagamore  and  gr .  at  sachem ;  but,  although 
Dr.  Dwight  maintains,  that  sachem  means  a 
principal  chief,  and  sagamore  an  inferior  one,  yet 
probably  they  are  words  of  the  same  meaning, 
or  the  same  word  in  different  dialects  or  in  dif- 
ferent inflexions.  Hubbard  says  the  same  as  Dr. 
Dwight  i  but  Winslow  spcalis  of  "  sachems  or 
petty  governors."  An  ancient  writer  says,  that 
the  noi'tliern  Lidians  used  the  term  sagamore  and 
the  southern  the  term  sachem.  Purchas  gives 
the  word  sagamo.  Winslow,  in  his  account  of  his 
visit  to  Massasoit,  says,  that  he  went  to  the 
sacliimo  comaco,  to  the  sachem's  house ;  and  that 
Ilobbamoc  addressed  him  with  the  words,  "  Neen 
womasu  sagimus,"  My  loving  sachem.  We  may 
then  regard  sachem,  saehemo,  sagamo,  sagamore, 
OS  the  same.  The  name  of  M.  was  written  by 
Winslow,  as  it  was  probably  pronounced,  Mas- 
sassowat ;  also  it  was  written  Massosoyt  and  Mos- 
sasoyet.  He  was  also  called  Asulimequin,  Osa- 
mckin,  and  Woosamequen.  His  residence  was  at 
Packanakick,  or  Pokanoket,  sometimes  called 
Sowams  and  Sowamset.  Over  against  him,  on 
the  opposite  side  of  the  great  bay,  lived  the  Nar- 
ragansetts.  Winslow,  in  going  to  Massasoit, 
crossed  a  river,  which,  I  suppose,  was  Taunton  ; 


in  three  miles  he  came  to  Metapoisct,  in  Swan- 
/ey ;  and  four  or  five  miles  beyond  was  Packa- 
nokic,  the  residence  of  the  sachem.     A  Dutch 
vessel  had  been   stranded  before  his  house.    I 
sup])osc,  therefore,  that  he  Uved  at  Warren,  and 
that  Sowams  or  Sowamset  was  Swanzey,  though 
the  town  was  so  called  from  Swansea  in  Wales, 
whence  some  of  the  first  inliabitants  came.   March 
22,  1021,  he  visited  the  English  pilgrims  at  Ply- 
mouth with  his  brother,  Quadequina,  and  a  train 
of  sixty  men,  and  presented  himself  on  Spring 
hill.    The  governor  sent  Mr.  Winslow  to  inrite 
him  to  a  treaty.     While  Quadequina  detained 
Mr.  W.  as  a  hostage,  the  sachem  with  twenty 
unarmed  men  met  Capt.  Standish  and  a  few  men 
at  the  town  brook,  where  they  saluted  each  other. 
Massasoit  was  then  conducted  to  Governor  Car- 
ver and  made  a  treaty,  the  articles  of  which  he 
always  faithfully  observed.     The  league  lasted  to 
1075.    It  was  stipulated,  "that  neither  he  nor 
his  should  injure  any  of  ours ;   that  if  any  un- 
justly warred  against   him,  we  would  aid  him, 
and  if  any  warred  against  us,  he  should  aid  us." 
He  was  "  a  portly  man,  in  his  best  years,  grave 
of  countenance,  spare  of  speech."    The  Narra- 
gansetts  under  Canonicus  being  hostile  to  him, 
he  was  glad  of  the  friendship  of  the  whites.    In 
July,  E.  Winslow  risitcd  the  sachem  at  his  resi- 
dence, and  was  kindly  received.    When  he  was 
sick  in  March,  1623,  Mr.  Winslow,  accompanied 
by  John  Hampden,  "  a  gentleman  of  London," 
visited  him.    This  was  probably  the  celebrated 
Hampden.    Massasoit,  who  was  very  sick,  in  his 
gratitude  said,  "I  will  never  forget  this  kind- 
ness ; "  and  he  disclosed  the  Indian  conspiracy 
for    the   destruction  of  the  Plymouth   settlers. 
Capt.  Standish  in  consequence  killed  the  ring- 
leaders.    The  benevolent  visit  was  the  means  of 
saving  the  colony  from  destruction.     Massasoit 
was  succeeded   by, his    son,    Alexander;    king 
Philip  was  another  son.  —  Belknap,  ii.  229,  290. 
MATHER,  Richard,  minister  of  Dorchester, 
the  son  of  Thomas  M.,  died  April  22,  1669,  aged 
73.     He  was  born  in  Lancashire,  England,  in 
1596.     At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  was  invited  to 
take  the  instruction  of  a  school  at  Toxteth,  near 
Liverpool.     After  suffering  for  some  time  that 
anxiety  and  distress,  which  the  knowledge  of  his 
own  character  as  a  sinner  produced,  he  in  his 
18th.     year    found    peace  and  joy  in  the  gospel 
of  the  Redeemer.     In  May,  1618,  he  was  admit- 
ted a  student  at  Oxford ;  but  ia  a  few  months 
afterwards  he  became  the  minister  of  Toxteth, 
being  ordained  by  the  bishop  of  Chester.    Here 
he  continued  about  fifteen  years  without  any  in- 
terruption of  his  benevolent  labors.    He  preached 
every  Tuesday  at  Prescot,  and  he  always  seized 
the  opportunity,  which  his  attendance  upon  funer^ 
als    afforded,  for  imparting   instruction  to  the 
living.    He  was  silenced  for  nonconformity  to  the 


656 


MATHER. 


MATHER. 


entablishcd  church  in  l(i3''),  but  throu^li  the  in- 1 
flucncc  of  hiN  friciidH  wan  Hoon  restored.  lie  was 
•gain  RUH])ended  in  10.'14,  as  he  had  never  worn 
the  Rur])iicc,  and  could  not  adopt  the  ceremonies 
which  were  enjoined.  Having  resolved  to  seek 
the  ])caceal)le  enjoyment  of  the  rights  of  con- 
science and  the  purity  of  Christian  ordinances  in 
New  England,  he  escaped  the  pursuivants,  who 
were  endeavoring  to  apprehend  him,  and  em- 
barked at  Bristol  in  May,  1635.  August  17th 
he  arrived  in  Boston  harbor.  lit  was  in  a  few 
months  invited  to  Dorchester ;  and,  as  the  first 
church  had  removed  with  Mr.  Warham  to  Wind- 
Bor,  a  new  church  was  formed,  of  which  he  was 
constituted  the  teacher,  August  23,  1636.  He  as- 
sisted Mr.  Eliot  and  Mr.  Welde  in  1640  in  making 
the  New  England  version  of  the  psalms.  The 
model  of  church  discipline,  which  he  presented 
to  the  synod  of  1648,  was  the  one  which  was 
chiefly  adopted  in  preference  to  the  models  pre- 
pared by  Mr.  Cotton  and  Mr.  Partridge.  He 
died  in  the  peace  of  the  Christian.  The  follow- 
ing was  the  poetic  inscription  of  the  day : 

"  Dirlnely  rich  and  learned  Rlch'd  Mather, 
Sonn,  like  him  prophets  gnat,  rqjoic'd  thia  father. 
Short  time  hia  uleeping  dust  here's  corer'd  down; 
Not  his  aicended  spirit  or  renown." 

His  first  wife  was  the  daughter  of  Edmund 
Hoult;  his  second  was  Sarah,  widow  of  John 
Cotton.  His  six  sons  were  by  his  first  wife. 
Though  in  his  old  age  he  experienced  many  in- 
firmities, yet,  such  had  been  his  health,  that  for 
half  a  century  he  was  not  detained  by  sickness 
so  much  as  one  Sunday  from  his  public  labors. 
He  was  a  pious  Christian,  a  good  scholar,  and  a 
plain  and  useful  preacher.  He  was  careful  to 
avoid  foreign  and  obscure  words,  and  unneces- 

.  sary  citation  of  Latin  sentences,  that  all  might 
understand  him.  While  his  voice  was  loud  and 
distinct,  there  was  also  a  vehemency  and  dignity 
in  his  manner.    He  wrote  the  discourse  about 

I  the  church  covenant,  and  the  answer  to  thirty- 
two  questions,  published  in  1639,  which  pass 
under  the  name  of  the  elders  of  New  England. 
He  wrote  also  a  modest  and  brotherly  answer  to 
Charles  Herle's  book  against  the  independency 
of  chm-ches,  1644  i  a  reply  to  Rutherford,  or  a 
defence  of  the  answer  to  Herle's  book,  1646 ;  an 
heart-melting  exhortation,  etc.,  in  a  letter  to  his 
countrymen  of  Lancashire,  1650 ;  a  catechism ; 
a  treatise  of  justification,  1652;  a  letter  to  Mr. 
Hooker,  to  prove  that  it  was  lawful  for  a  minister 
to  administer  the  sacrament  to  a  congregation 
not  particularly  under  his  care ;  election  sermon, 
about  1660 ;  an  answer  to  Mr.  Davenport's  work 
against  the  propositions  of  the  synod  of  1662. 
He  also  prepared  for  the  press  sermons  on  the 
second  ej>i8tle  of  Peter,  and  an  elaborate  defence 


of  the  churches  of  New  England.  —  Wood't 
Allinia:  Oion.,  11.  illT ,  4'2H ;  Afat/nalia,  III.  1^2 
-130;  Hint.  Coll.  VIII.  10;  /.  Mather's  account 
of  hin  Life. 

MATHER,  Samcei,,  minister  of  Dublin,  Ire- 
land, the  son  of  the  preceding,  died  in  Dul)lin 
Oct.  29,  1671,  aged  45.  He  was  Iwrn  in  Lanca- 
shire May  13,  1626.  Accompanying  his  father 
to  this  country,  he  was  graduated  at  Harvard 
college  in  1643.  He  was  appointed  the  first  fel- 
low of  the  college,  and  he  was  held  in  such  esti- 
mation by  the  students  whom  he  instructed,  that, 
when  he  left  them,  they  put  on  badges  of  mourn- 
ing. When  he  begon  to  preach,  he  spent  some 
time  in  Rowley  as  an  assistant  to  Mr.  Rogrrs. 
A  church  having  been  gathered  in  the  north  jiart 
of  Boston,  he  was  in\-ited  to  take  the  charge  of 
it ;  but,  after  preaching  there  one  winter,  he  was 
induced  to  go  to  England  in  1650.  The  church 
which  he  left  was  afterwards  under  the  pastoral 
care  of  his  brother.  Increase  Mather.  In  Eng- 
land he  was  appointed  chaplain  of  Magdalen  col- 
lege, Oxford.  He  then  preached  in  Scotland 
and  Ireland.  In  Dublin  he  was  senior  fellow  of 
Trinity  college,  and  was  settled  the  minister  of 
the  church  of  St.  Nicholas.  Though  he  refused 
several  benefices  that  were  oflered  by  the  lord 
deputy,  because  he  did  not  wish  to  have  the  Epis- 
copalian ministers  displaced  ;  yet  soon  after  the 
restoration  he  was  suspended  on  a  charge  of  sedi- 
tion. Returning  to  England,  he  was  minister  at 
Burton  wood,  till  ejected  by  the  Bartholomew 
act  in  1662.  He  afterwards  gathered  a  church 
at  his  own  house  in  Dublin,  where  he  died  in 
peace.  He  was  succeeded  by  his  brother,  Na- 
thaniel Mather.  As  a  preacher  he  held  the  first 
rank,  and  his  name  was  known  throughout  the 
kingdom.  His  discourses  were  remarkable  for 
clearness  of  method.  He  published  a  whole- 
some caveat  for  a  time  of  liberty,  1652;  a 
defence  of  the  protestant  religion  against  pope- 
ry, 1671;  an  irenicum,  or  an  essay  for  union 
among  the  Presbyterians,  Independents,  and  Ana- 
baptists; a  treatise  against  stinted  liturgies;  a 
piece  against  Valentine  Greatarick,  who  pretended 
to  cure  diseases  by  stroking ;  a  course  of  sermons 
on  the  types  of  the  Old  Testament,  mth  some  dis- 
courses against  popish  superstitions.  —  Wood's 
Athence.  Oxon.,  II.  489,  490 ;  Magnolia,  iv.  143- 
153 ;  Nonconformists'  Memorial,  ii.  355-357. 

MATHER,  Nathaniel,  minister  in  London, 
the  son  of  Richard  Mather,  died  July  26, 1697,  aged 
67.  He  was  born  March  20,  1630.  After  his 
arrival  in  this  country  with  his  father,  he  was  ed- 
ucated at  Harvard  college,  where  he  graduated 
in  1647.  He  afterwards  went  to  England,  and 
was  presented  to  the  lixing  at  Barnstable  by 
Oliver  Cromwell  in  1656.  Ujjon  his  ejectment 
in  1662  he  went  into  Holland,  and  was  a  minister 


m 


MATHER. 

at  Rotterdam.  About  the  year  1071  or  1672  he 
succeeded  his  brother,  Snmuel  Mather,  at  Dub- 
lin. Thence  he  removed  to  London,  where  he 
woH  pastor  of  a  CoiiffrcRationnl  church,  and  one 
of  the  lecturers  at  Tinner's  hall.  He  was  buried 
in  the  burying  ground  near  Hunhill  fields,  and 
there  is  uj)on  his  tom1>-stone  a  long  Latin  in- 
scription, written  by  Dr.  Watts,  which  ascrilws  to 
him  a  high  character  for  genius,  learning,  piety, 
and  ministerial  fidelity.  He  published  the  right- 
eousness of  God  by  faith  upon  all  who  believe, 
1694 ;  a  discussion  of  the  lawfulness  of  a  pastor's 
officiating  in  another's  church ;  twenty-three  ser- 
mons, preached  at  Pinner's  hall,  and  Lime  street, 
taken  in  short  hand  as  they  were  delivered,  1701 ; 
a  fast  sermon.  —  Galamt/s  Contin.  I.  257-258. 

MATHER,  Eleazeb,  first  minister  of  North- 
am]>ton,  Mass.,  the  son  of  Richard  Mather,  died 
July  24,  1669,  aged  32.  He  was  bom  May  13, 
l(i;}7.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
1056.  Having  preached  about  two  years  at 
Northampton,  when  a  church  was  gachered  there 
in  1661,  he  was  ordained  its  minister,  June  23. 
His  wife  was  the  daughter  of  John  Warham ;  she 
married  after  his  death  S.  Stoddard.  His  daugh- 
ter married  Rev.  John  Williams.  He  was  ad- 
mired as  a  miui  of  talents  and  exalted  piety,  and 
as  a  zealous  and  eminently  useful  preacher.  After 
his  death  there  was  published  from  his  manu- 
scripts a  serious  exhortation  to  the  succeeding 
and  present  generation,  being  the  substance  of 
his  last  sermons,  1671.  —  Magnalia,  ill.  130. 

MATHER,  Increase,  D.  D.,  president  of 
Harvard  college,  the  son  of  Richard  Mather,  died 
August  23,  1723,  aged  84.  He  was  born  at  Dor- 
chester June  21,  16.39.  He  was  graduated  in 
1656.  Beginning  to  preach  in  the  next  year, 
and  being  invited  by  his  brother  to  Dublin,  he 
embarked  for  England  July  3,  1657,  and  after 
an  absence  of  four  years  returned  in  August, 
1661.  In  the  next  month  he  was  invited  to 
preach  at  the  north  church  in  Boston,  though  he 
was  not  ordained  there  till  May  27,  1664.  Two 
years  before  this,  when  the  controversy  respecting 
the  subjects  of  baptism  was  agitated,  he  opposed 
the  results  of  the  synod,  but,  being  convinced  by 
the  arguments  of  Mr.  Mitchell,  he  afterwards  de- 
fended the  synodical  propositions.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  synod  of  1679,  and  drew  up  the 
result,  which  was  then  agreed  on.  When  King 
Charles  II.  expressed  his  wish  that  the  charter 
of  Massachusetts  might  be  resigned  into  his 
hands  in  1683,  Dr.  Mather  zealously  opposed  a 
compliance  with  his  majesty's  j)leasure.  In  1688 
he  sailed  for  England  as  agent  of  the  province  to 
procure  redress  of  grievances.  After  several 
years  of  imimrtant  services  he  returned  with  a 
new  charter,  and  arrived  in  Boston  May  14, 1692. 
He  had  the  sole  nomination  of  the  first  governor. 
After  his  arrival  the  general  court  appointed  a 


MATHER. 


657 


day  of  public  thankngiving  for  his  safe  return, 
and  for  the  settli  '\wnt  of  the  govoniment.  Dur- 
ing the  witchcraft  delusion  he  opposed  the  violent 
measures  which  were  adoi)ted.  He  wrote  a  book 
to  prove  that  the  de%-il  might  appear  in  the  shape 
of  an  innocent  man,  l)y  means  of  which  a  number 
of  iM.>rHons,  convicted  of  witchcraft,  escaped  the 
execution  of  the  sentence.  After  the  death  of 
Mr.  Oakes  in  1681,  the  care  of  Harvard  college 
devolved  upon  him.  But  as  his  church  refused 
to  relinquish  him,  he  only  made  weekly  visits  to 
Cambridge,  until  the  appointment  of  President 
Rogers  in  the  following  year.  After  his  death  ho 
was  again  called  to  the  presidency  of  the  collejjC, 
June  11,  1685,  and  he  continued  in  this  station 
till  Sept.  6, 1701,  when  he  resigned  in  consequence 
of  an  act  of  the  general  court,  requiring  the  presi- 
dent to  reside  at  Cambridge.  He  was  unwilling 
to  leave  his  church,  though  his  son.  Cotton  Ma- 
ther, had  been  settled  as  his  colleague  for  a 
number  of  years.  Mr.  Willard  succeeded  him. 
After  a  long  life  of  benevolent  exertion,  he  died 
in  Boston,  having  been  a  preacher  sixty-six  years, 
sixty-two  of  which  were  passed  in  the  ministry  in  ' 
Boston.  His  wife  was  Maria,  the  daughter  of 
John  Cotton.  He  had  six  daughters  and  three 
sons ;  Sarah  married  Rev.  Mr.  Walter,  and  Abi- 
gail, Rev.  John  White. 

He  was  a  man  of  great  learning  and  of  exten- 
sive influence  and  usefulness.  Soon  after  his  re- 
turn from  England  he  procured  an  act,  authoriz- 
ing the  college  to  create  bachelors  and  doctors  of 
theology,  which  power  was  not  given  by  its 
former  charter.  As  president  he  was  careful  not 
only  to  give  the  students  direction  in  their  liter- 
ary ])ursuitB,  but  also  to  impart  to  them  religious 
instruction.  He  frequently  called  them  one  by 
one  into  the  librarj-,  and  there,  with  the  affection 
of  a  i)arent  and  the  fidelity  of  a  minister  of  the 
gospel,  he  would  confer  with  them  respecting  the  ' 
salvation  of  their  souls,  and  solemnly  charge 
them  to  renounce  their  sins,  to  embrace  the  gos-  ' 
pel,  and  to  devote  themselves  to  the  service  of 
God.  He  usually  preached  to  them  every  week, 
and  his  sermons,  both  at  Cambridge  and  in  Bos- 
ton, were  designed  to  impress  the  conscience  an 
well  as  to  enlighten  the  mind.  He  considered 
him  as  the  best  preacher  who  taught  with  the 
greatest  simplicity.  His  delivery  was  somewhat 
l)ecullar.  He  usually  spoke  with  deliberation, 
.but  at  times,  when  uttering  an  im])re8sivc  sen- 
tence, his  voice  became  the  voice  of  thunder. 
Always  committing  his  sermons  to  memorj',  he 
never  used  his  notes  in  the  pulpit.  Sixteen  hours 
in  every  day  were  commonly  spent  in  his  study, 
and  in  his  retirement  he  repeatedly  addressed 
himself  to  the  Lord,  his  Maker.  He  always 
ke])t  a  diary,  designed  for  his  improvement  in' 
religion.  Such  was  his  benevolence,  that  he  de- 
I  voted  a  tenth  port  of  all  his  income  to  charitable 


658 


MATHER. 


MATHER. 


purposes.    Ilii  portrait  ia  in  the  library  of  the 
MasHachuRctts  hiBtorical  society.    The  following 
is  a  liitt  of  his  publications :  the  mystery  of  Israel's 
salvation,  1650 ;  the  life  and  death  of  Richard 
Mather,  1670 1  woe  to  drunkards,  1673  ;  the  day 
of  trouble  near ;  important  truths  about  conver- 
■ion,  1674 ;  the  first  principle^  of  New  England ) 
a  discourse  concerning  the  subject  of  baptism, 
and  consociation  of  churches ;  the  wicked  man's 
portion ;  the  times  of  men  in  the  hands  of  God, 
1670  I  history  of  the  war  with  the  Indians  from 
June  24,  167S,  to  Aug.  12,  1676 1  a  relation  of 
troubles  of  New  England  from  the  Indians,  from 
the  beginning ;    an  historical  discourse  on  the 
preralency  of  prayer ;   renewal  of  covenant  the 
duty  of  decaying  and  distressed  churches,  1677 ; 
pray  for  the  rising  generation,  1678 ;  a  call  to 
the  rising  generation,  1679 ;  the  divine  right  of 
infant  baptism ;  the  great  concernment  of  a  cove- 
nant people ;  heaven's  alarm  to  the  world,  1680 ; 
animadversions  upon  a  narrative  of  the  Baptists, 
1681 ;   diatriba  de  signo  filii  hominis ;  practical 
truths ;  the  church  a  subject  of  persecution,  1682; 
a  discourse  concerning  comets,  1683 ;  remarkable 
providences ;  the  doctrine  of  divine  providence, 
1684  ;  an  arrow  against  profane  and  promiscuous 
dances,  188S;  the  mystery  of  Christ;  the  great- 
est of  sinners  exhorted ;  a  sermon  on  an  execu- 
tion for  murder,  1686 ;  a  testimony  against  super- 
stitions, 1687 ;  de  successu  evangelii  apud  Indos 
epistola,  1688 ;  the  unlawfulness  of  using  common 
prayer,  and  of  swearing  on  the  book,  1689 ;  sev- 
eral papers  relating  to  the  state  of  New  England; 
the  revolution  justified,  1690 ;  election  sermon, 
1693;  the  blessing  of  primitive  counsellors;  cases 
of  conscience  concerning  witchcraft ;    an   essay 
on  the  power  of  a  pastor  for  the  administration 
of  sacraments,  1693 ;  whether  a  man  may  marry 
his  wife's  own  sister;  solemn  advice  to  young 
men,   1695 ;  a  treatise  of  angels,   1696 ;  a  dis- 
course on  man's  not  knowing  his  time ;  the  case 
of  conscience  concerning  the  eating  of  blood, 
1697;    funeral  sermon  on  J.  Baily,   1698;  the 
surest  way  to  the  highest  honor ;  on  hardness  of 
heart ;  the  folly  of  sinning,  1699 ;  the  order  of 
the  gospel  vindicated,  1700;  the  blessed  hope, 
1701 ;   remarks  on  a  sermon  of  George  Keith ; 
Ichabod,  or  the  glory  departing,  an  election  ser- 
mon ;  the  Christian  religion  the  only  true  religion ; 
the  excellency  of  public  spirit,  1702 ;  the  duty  of 
parents  to  pray  for  their  cliildren;  soul-saving 
gospel  truths,   1703;  the  voice  of  Ood  in   the 
stormy  winds ;  practical  truths  to  promote  holi- 
ness, 1704;  meditations  on  the  glory  of  Christ, 
1705;  a   discourse  concerning   earthquakes;    a 
testimony  against  sacrilege;  a  dissertation  con- 
cerning right  to  sacraments,  1706;  meditations 
on  death ;  a  disquisition  concerning  right  to  sacra- 
ments, 1707 ;  a  dissertation  wherein  the  strange 
doctrine  of  Mr.   Stoddard  is  refuted,  1708;  on 


the  fiiture  conversion  of  the  Jews,  confuting  Dr. 
Lightfoot  and  Mr.  Baxter ;  against  cursing  and 
swearing,  1700;  concerning  faith  and  prayer  fur 
the  kingdom  of  Christ;  at  the  artillery  election, 
on  being  very  couragcouH;  awakening  truths 
tending  to  conversion,  1710;  meditations  on  the 
glory  of  the  heavenly  world ;  concerning  the 
death  of  the  righteous  ;  the  duty  of  the  children 
of  godly  parents,  1711;  burnings  bewailed;  re- 
marks upon  an  answer  to  a  book  against  the  com- 
mon prayer  ;  meditations  on  the  sanctificatinn  of 
the  Lord's  day,  1712;  a  plain  discourse  showing 
who  shall  not  enter  into  heaven ;  a  funeral  sermon 
for  his  daughter-in-law,  1713;  on  tho  death  of 
his  consort,  1714 ;  Jesus  Christ  a  mighty  Saviour, 
and  other  subjects,  1715;  a  disquisition  concern- 
ing ^>cclesiastical  councils;  there  is  a  God  in 
heaven ;  the  duty  and  dignity  of  aged  servants 
of  God,  1716 ;  at  the  ordination  of  his  grandson ; 
sermons  on  the  beatitudes ;  practical  truths 
plainly  delivered  with  an  ordination  sermon,  1718; 
five  sermons  on  several  subjects,  one  of  them  on 
the  author's  birth-day,  1710;  a  testimony  to  the 
order  of  the  churches,  1720 ;  advice  to  children 
of  godly  ancestors,  a  sermon  concluding  the  Bos- 
ton lectures  on  early  piety ;  several  sheets  in 
favor  of  inoculation  for  the  small  pox,  1721 ;  a 
dying  pastor's  legacy;  Elijah's  mantle,  1722.  t- 
Remarkables  of  I.  Mather ;  Noncon/ormiata'  Me- 
morial, II.  246-249;  Magnalia,  IV.  130,  131;  V. 
77-84 ;  VI.  2. 

MATHER,  Cotton,  D.  D.,  F.  R.  S.,  minister 
in  Boston,  died  Feb.  13,  1728,  aged  65.  lie  was 
the  son  of  the  preceding,  and  grandson  of  John 
Cotton.  He  was  bom  in  Boston  Feb.  12,  1GG3. 
Distinguished  for  early  piety,  when  he  was  a 
schoolboy  he  endeavored  to  persuade  his  youth- 
ful companions  frequently  to  lift  up  their  hearts 
to  their  Maker  and  heavenly  Friend,  and  he  even 
wrote  for  them  some  forms  of  devotion.  He  hod 
also  the  courage  to  reprove  their  vices.  At  the 
age  of  fourteen  he  began  to  observe  days  of  secret 
fasting  and  prayer,  reading  commonly  fifteen 
chapters  in  the  bible  every  day.  He  was  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  college  in  1678,  having  made 
uncommon  proficiency  in  his  studies.  At  this 
early  period  of  his  life  he  drew  up  systems  of  the 
sciences,  and  wrote  remarks  upon  the  books 
which  he  read,  and  thus  matured  his  understand 
ing.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  approached  the 
Lord's  table  with  afiectionate  reliance  upon  Jesus 
Christ  for  salvation.  Having  been  occujiied  for 
some  time  in  the  study  of  theology,  he  was  or- 
dained minister  of  the  north  church  in  Boston  as 
colleague  with  his  father.  May  13,  1684.  Here 
he  passed  his  days  unwearied  and  unceasing  in 
his  exertions  to  promote  the  glory  of  his  Maker, 
and  the  highest  welfare  of  his  brethren.  He 
died  in  the  assurance  of  Christian  faith.  His  first 
wife  was  the  daughter  of  Col.  John  Phillips ;  liis 


MATHER. 

tecond,  widow  Hubbard,  daughter  of  Dr.  John 
Clark ;  his  third,  widow  George,  daughter  of  Itcv. 
Samuel  I.ce.    I)y  hiH  two  iirRt  wiven  he  had  fif- 
teen children.    He  was  a  man  of  unequalled  in- 
duatry,  of  vast  leaniing,  of  unfeigned  ])iety,  and 
of  most  ditiintercMted  and  expanHivc  benevolence. 
Ho  won  also  distinguished  for  his  credulity,  for  his 
pedantry,  and  for  his  want  of  judgment  and  taste. 
No  person  in  America  had  bo  large  a  library,  or 
had  read  so  many  books,  or  retained  so  much  of 
what  he  read.    80  ])recious  did  he  consider  time, 
that  to  prevent  visits  of  unnecessary  length,  he 
wrote  over  his  study  door  in  capital  letters,  "  Be 
short."    Still  his  manners  were  never  morose,  but 
easy  and  obliging.     His  social  talents  and  va- 
rious knowledge  rendered  his  conversation  inter- 
esting and  instructive.     Every  morning  he  usually 
read  a  chapter  of  the  Old  Testament  in  Hebrew 
mid  another  in  the  French,  and  a  chapter  of  the 
New  Testament  in  Greek.     Besides  the  French, 
he  understood  also  the  Sjianish  and  Iroquois,  and 
in  these  languages  he  published  treatises.    There 
were  two  books,  in  which   ho  every  day  wrote 
something.    In  the  one,  which  he  culled  his  quo- 
tidiana,  ho  transcribed  passages  from  the  authors 
which  he  read.    In  the  other,  which  was  his  diary, 
he  noted  the  events  of  the  day,  his  imperfections 
and  sins,  and  every  thing  which  might  subserve 
his  religious  improvement.    By  this  diary  it  ap- 
pears that  in  one  year  he  kept  sixty  fasts  and 
twenty  vigils,  and  published  fourteen  books,  be- 
sides discharging  the  duties  of  his  pastoral  office. 
As  a  minister  of  the  gospel  he  was  most  exem- 
plary.   Always  proposing  in  his  sermons  to  make 
some  particular  impression  upon  the  minds  of  his 
hearers,  the  whole  discourse  had  relation  to  this 
object,  and  he  endeavored  to  make  his  sentences 
short,  that  those  who  took   notes  might  do  it 
with  more  ease.    His  discourses,  without  doubt, 
were  equal  in  length  to  those  of  his  brethren, 
which,  he  himself  informs  us,  usually  went  a  good 
way  into  the  second  hour.    He  kept  a  list  of  the 
members  of  his  church,  and  frequently  prayed  for 
each  separately      Those  especially,  whose  cases 
had  been  mentioned  on  the  Sabbath  in  the  house 
of  public  worship,  were  remembered  by  him  in 
his  secret  addresses  to  the  throne  of  giace.    He 
usually  allotted  one  or  two  afternoons  in  a  week 
to  visiting  the  families  of  his  congregation,  and  in 
these  visits  he  addressed  both  the  parents  and  the 
children,  exhorting  the  former  to  faithfulness,  and 
endeavoring  to  instruct  the  latter  by  asking  them 
questions,  and  recommending    to  them    secret 
prayer  and  reading  of  the  Scriptures.    When  he 
left  them  he  recommended  to  their  consideration 
a  particular  text  of  Scripture.    As  he  published 
many  pious  books,  he  was  continually  putting 
them   into  the  hands  of  persons  to  whom  he 
thought   they  would    be    useful.      His  success 
seemed  to  correspond  with  his  fidelity.    In  the 


MATHER. 


559 


first  year  of  his  ministry  almut  thirty  were  added 
to  his  church ;  and  he  received  the  benedictions 
of  many  dying  believers,  who  spoke  of  his  labors 
as  the  means  of  their  salvation.    He  promoted 
the  establishment  of  several  usefiil  8(Kieties,  par- 
ticularly a  society  for  supitrcNsing  disorders  and 
for  the  reformation  of  manners,  and  a  society  of 
peacemakers,  whose  object  was  to  jircvent  law- 
suits and  to  compose  differences.     Ho  arranged 
the  business  of  every  day  in  the  morning,  always 
inquiring  by  what  means  he  could  be  useful  to  his 
fellow  men,  and  endeavoring  to  devise  new  meth- 
ods of  doing  good.    He  did  not  content  himself 
with  contriving  ])lans,  but  vigorously  executed 
them.    When  he  travelled,  he  commonly  had  for 
a  companion  some  young  gentleman,  to  whom  he 
might  imjiart  instruction,  and  he  used  to  ])ray 
with  him  in  private,  when  they  lodged  together. 
Notwithstanding  his  benevolent  laliors  and  un- 
wearied industry,  he  expressed  the  greatest  hu- 
mility, and  spoke  of  his  days  as  jjassed  in  sloth 
and  sin.    He  took  some  interest  in  the  political 
concerns  of  his  country,  and  on  this  account,  as 
well  as  on  account  of  his  faithful  reproof  of  in- 
iquity, he  had   many  enemies.     Many  abusive 
letters  were  sent  him,  all  of  which  he  tied  up  in 
a  packet  and  wrote  upon  the  cover,  "Libels: 
Father,  forgive  them."    Though  he  derived  much 
satisfaction  from  his  theological  and  literary  pur- 
suits ;  yet  he  declared,  that,  in  performing  an  act 
of  benevolence  to  some  poor  and  suffering  Chris- 
tian he  found  much   higher  pleasure.     In  his 
diary  he  says ;  "  As  for  the  delights  of  the  world, 
I  know  of  none  comparable  to  those  which  I 
take  in  communion  with  my  Saviour.    As  for  the 
riches  of  this  world,  I  use  no  labor  for  them.     In 
my  Saviour  I  have  unsearchable  riches ;  and  in 
my  fruition  of  him  I  have  a  full  supply  of  all  my 
wants.    As  for  the  honors  of  this  world,  I  do 
1  lothing  to  gain  honors  for  myself.    To  be  em- 
j  loyed  in  the  Lord's  work,  for  the  advancement 
cf  his  kingdom,  is  pM  the  honor  that  I  wish  for." 
His  publication'    1  riDunted  to  three  hundred 
and  eighty-two.     Aikvy  of  them  indeed  were 
small,  such  as  single  sermons ;  but  others  were  of 
considerable  magnitude.     His  essays  to  do  good, 
12mo.   1710,  is  a  volume  peculiarly  excellent. 
It  has  lately  been  reprinted.    Dr.  Franklin  as- 
cribed all  his  usefulness  in  the  world  to  his  read- 
ing it  in  early  life.    His  Christian  pliilosopher, 
8vo.  1721,  was  admired  in  England.    Hi"  direc- 
tions for  a  candidate  of  the  ministry,  12mo.  1725, 
gained  him  a  vast  number  of  letters  of  thanks. 
Others  of  his  larger  works  are,  the  life  of  his 
father ;  and  ratio  disciplinoe  fratrum  Nov-Anglo- 
rum,  or  an  account  of  the  discipline  professed  and 
practised  in  the  churches  of  New  England.    But 
his  largest  and  most  celebrated  work  is  his  Mag- 
nolia Christi  Americana,  or  the  ecclesiastical  his- 
tory of  New  England  from  its  first  planting  in 


660 


MATIIER. 


MATHKR. 


1623  to  the  year  1008,  in  ncvcn  hookd,  folio,  1702. 
Hit  Rtylc  olioundH  with  |)UiTi!iticN,  |)unn,  and 
■tranf^u  conciMt*,  and  he  makcn  a  ^Tcat  di!ti)lay  of 
learning;;  but  no  man  wan  no  thoroughly  ac- 
quainted with  the  hiHtory  of  New  I-'nfflnnd,  and 
he  has  navcd  numerous  imjKJrtant  facts  from  ol)- 
livion.  In  the  work  ore  contained  biographical 
accounts  of  many  of  the  flrHt  settlers,  Iwth  gov- 
ernors and  ministers.  It  appears  that  he  gave 
ftill  credit  to  the  stories  of  witchcraft  i  but  he  was 
not  singular  in  his  credulity.  Even  Dr.  Watts 
wrote  to  him,  "  I  am  persuaded  that  there  wns 
much  immediate  agency  of  the  devil  in  those  af- 
fairs, ond  perhaps  there  were  some  real  witches 
too."  The  catalogue  of  his  publications  in  his 
life,  written  by  his  son,  occu])ies  eighteen  pages ; 
and  the  whole,  therefore,  could  not  with  con- 
venience be  hero  inserted.  lie  published  many 
funeral  sermons.  Among  his  other  works,  which 
are  principally  occasional  sermons  or  pious  tracts, 
is  the  Wonders  of  the  Invisible  World,  4to.  1002  ( 
and  Psalterium  Americanum,  or  the  book  of 
Psalms  in  blank  verse,  with  illustrations,  1718. 
Tlesides  his  numerous  publications,  he  left  behind 
him  in  manuscript  the  angel  of  Uelhesda,  in  which 
he  ])laced  under  every  disease  not  only  suitable 
religious  instructions,  but  the  most  simple  and 
easy  medicines ;  a  large  treatise,  designed  to  pro- 
mote union  among  protestants ;  Ooliathus  dctrun- 
catus,  against  Mr.  Whiston,  to  prove  that  most  of 
the  Antenicene  fathers  were  orthodox  and  not 
Arian ;  and  Biblio  Americana,  or  the  sacred  Scri])- 
tures  of  the  Old  and  New  Testament  illustrated. 
This  learned  work,  which  it  was  once  proposed  to 
publish  in  three  folio  volumes,  is  now  in  the 
library  of  the  Massachusetts  historical  society. — 
Life  by  8.  Mather;  Middleton's  Biog.  Evang. 
nr.  233-240. 

MATIIER,  Samuel,  minister,  of  Windsor, 
Conn.,  the  son  of  Timo.  M.  of  Dorchester,  and 
the  grandson  of  Richard  M.,  was  graduated  at 
Harvard  college  in  1(57 1 ;  was  ordained  in  1082 ; 
and  died  March  18,  1728,  aged  77.  His  prede- 
cessors were  Warham  and  lluit;  his  successor 
was  Jonothnn  Marsh.  An  unhappy  division  ex- 
isted in  Windsor  from  1007  to  1080.  The  two 
preachers,  neither  of  whom  were  ordained,  were 
Mr.  Chauncy  and  Mr.  Woodbridge.  But  the  two 
churches  and  town  happily  united  in  Mr.  Mather, 
and  lived  in  harmony  during  his  mini  try.  lie 
was  one  of  the  first  trustees  of  Yale  college,  from 
1700  to  1724.  His  wife  was  Hannah,  the  daugh- 
ter of  Gov.  Treat.  He  published  dead  faith, 
1697)  on  rci     mcing  our  righteousness,  1707. 

MATHEK.  ZARIAII,  minister  of  Snybrook, 
Conn.,  died  in  i".  He  graduated  in  the  fourth 
class  at  Yale  in  1705,  and  was  tutor  at  Killing- 
worth,  where  the  college  then  was,  in  1709  and 
1710.  He  published  woe  to  sleepy  sinners,  1720  ; 
sabbath  day's  rest ;  election  sermon,  1725. 


MATHER,  Rami'fi,,  an  eminent  physician  of 
Windsor,  Conn.,  died  in  1743,  nged  03.  He  was 
born  in  or  near  lioston  i  graduated  at  Ilnrvard 
in  1098 1  and  studied  physic  with  Dr.  Hooker  of 
Hartford.  No  man  had  a  wider  circuit  of  proc- 
tice;  and  he  was  venerated  for  his  virtues. 
Among  his  descendants  moy  be  mentioned  Dr. 
Samuel  Mather  of  Windsor  and  Hartford,  his 
grondson  i  and  Dr.  Charles  Mather,  who  died  in 
Hartford  in  1822,  aged  HO.  —  Williami'  Medical 
Dingrnphi/. 

MATHER,  Au.YN,  first  minister  of  Fairhoven, 
Conn.,  died  in  1784,  at  Savannah,  whither  ho  had 
gone  on  accotmt  of  his  health,  aged  30.  He 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1771;  and  was  ordained 
February  3,  1773. 

MATHER,  Samuel,  D.  D.,  minister  in  Hoston, 
the  son  of  Cotton  M.,  died  June  27,  1780,  aged 
70.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
1723.  He  was  ordained  in  the  same  church  in 
which  his  father  was  settled,  as  colleague  with  Mr. 
Gee,  .Tune  21,  1732.  In  about  ten  years  a  sejm- 
ration  occurred,  in  consequence,  it  is  believed,  of 
a  difference  of  views  in  regard  to  the  revival  of 
religion  at  that  period.  A  church  was  built  fur 
him,  in  Rennet  street,  by  persons  who  withdrew 
with  him  from  the  old  north  church.  He  was 
their  pastor  till  his  death.  He  was  buried,  by  liii 
own  direction,  without  any  ceremony.  A  society 
of  Univcrsalists  ])urchased  his  church  and  still 
occu])y  it.  Dr.  Mather  ))ubli8hed  a  sermon  on 
the  death  of  William  Waldron,  1727;  of  his 
father,  1728;  life  of  his  fother,  8vo.  1720;  essay 
on  gratitude,  1732;  on  the  death  of  Queen  Caro- 
line, 1738;  an  apology  for  the  liberties  of  the 
churches  in  New  England,  8vo.  1738;  artillery 
election  sermon,  1739;  on  the  death  of  T.  Hutch- 
inson, 1740;  of  the  prince  of  Wales,  1751;  of 
William  Welstecd  and  Ellis  Gray,  1753 ;  disserta- 
tion on  the  name  of  Jehovah,  1700  ;  convention 
sermon,  1762;  essay  on  the  Lord's  prayer,  1700; 
a  modest  account  of  the  salutations  in  ancient 
times,  1768,  anonymous ;  the  sacred  minister,  a 
l)oem,  in  blank  verse,  1773 ;  America  known  to 
the  ancients,  1774;  all  men  will  not  be  saved  for- 
ever, in  answer  to  Chauncy,  1781. — Ilisi.  Call. 
III.  258,  263 ;  Holmes. 

MATHER,  Moses,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Jlid- 
dlescx,  Conn.,  died  in  1800,  oged  about  88. 
He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1739.  He  published  in- 
fant baptism  defended,  1759;  election  sermon, 
1781. 

MATHER,  Elisha,  M.  D.,  died  in  Northamp- 
ton, Mass.,  April  24,  1840,  oged  48.  He  was 
the  son  of  Mr.  Elisha  Mather,  and  grandson  of 
Dr.  Samuel  Mather  of  Northampton,  an  eminent 
physician,  who  died  in  1779,  aged  73,  and  whose 
son  William,  also  a  physician  in  N.,  died  before 
him  in  1775,  aged  32.  Dr.  M.  was  a  counsellor 
of  the  Massachusetts  medical  society,  skilled  in 


MATHER. 

phynioloj^y  nnd  jintholoffy,  nnil  PXPtnplnr)'  (W  a 
C'liriNtimi.  —  Willinmn'  Mfilirnl  ISioijriiiihy. 

MATHI'.ll,  TiiADDii  s.  M.  I).,  (lied  nt  IliiiK- 
hnniton,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  H,  IH.VI,  n^n\  'o;  n.  dt'ttci'iid- 
niit  from  Dr.  Siimiiul  .M.  of  Wiiidoor,  l)y  Natlmii- 
H'l,  nnd  I'.lihu  M. 

M.VrUI'.WS,  TlUhMAS,  n  unldior  of  thi-llevolii- 
tion,  d'l'd  nt  Norfolk,  Vn.,  in  1HI8. 

MATIONON,  FUANCIM  Antiiony,  I).  D.,  Calh.H 
licniiniNtcr  inUoHtoii.difdSt'pt.  10,  IHIH,  n(»('d(!l. 
He  wnH  born  nt  I'uriH  Nov.  10,  IT.iIl.  A])|)oint('d 
proft'HHor  in  the  eolU'pe  of  Nnvnrrc  in  17Hi5,  nflcr 
^onu•  ycarH  lie  received  un  annuity  from  the  kinj;, 
which  mnde  him  independent.  The  revolution 
compelling  him  to  lenve  France,  Hp.  Carroll  8ent 
him  from  linltimorc  to  DoNton,  Aug.  20,  1702;  in 
179(1  he  received  Mr.  CheveruH  an  his  colleague. 
He  waH  getitle  and  courtcouH,  learned  nnd  elo- 
quent ;  and,  anHiNted  by  the  higher  eloqiicncc  of 
Mr.  ('heveruH,  the  decayed  Catholic  Nociely  waH 
rendered  ilouriNhing. 

MATITIEWS,  Marmauike,  was  n  preacher  at 
Hull,  MaKB.,  in  lOJjO.  He  wur  nlNo  the  firNt  min- 
ister of  Maiden  in  IGdl,  and  died  in  ICngland  in 
1()H3.  Mr.  Wiggleswortli  came  to  M.  about 
1054. 

MAITHEWS,  John,  governor  of  South  Caro- 
lina, died  at  Charleston  in  1802,  aged  08.  He 
was  a  patriot  of  the  Itevolution,  and  in  1770  a 
judge  of  the  supreme  court.  Ho  was  appointed 
in  1780  a  dclegntc  to  congress,  in  which  body  his 
services  were  important.  He  succeeded  Mr.  Ilut- 
ledgc  in  1782  as  governor  for  one  year,  nnd  in 
178^1  was  appointed  a  judge  in  the  court  of  equity. 
MATTHEWS,  Vincent,  generol,  LL.  D.,  died 
at  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  23,  1840,  aged  80.  He 
was  one  of  the  greatest  lawyers  in  the  State  of 
New  York,  engoged  56  years  in  the  i)ractice  of 
the  law.  Born  in  Orange  county,  near  Elmira, 
he  lived  in  Bath,  and  then  in  llochestcr. 

MATTHEWS,  Maky,  Mrs.,  died  in  Warren, 
Me.,  May  6,  1851,  aged  106. 

MATTHEWSON,  Elisiia,  died  at  Scituate, 
Mass.,  Oct.  14,  1853,  aged  88.  He  was  in  pol- 
itics of  the  democratic  school  of  Jefferson,  and 
four  years  a  senator  of  the  Uricd  States. 

MATTOON,  Ebenezer,  general,  died  in  Am- 
herst, Mass.,  Sept.  11,  1843,  aged  88.  Born  in 
Amherst,  he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1776. 
In  the  war  he  was  a  majoV  j  ho  was  also  a  mem- 
ber of  congress,  and  sheriff  of  Hampshire.  In 
1816  he  was  adjutant-general.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  second  church  of  Amherst. 

MAUD,  Daniel,  an  early  minister,  died  at 
Dover,  N.  H.,  in  1655.  Ho  was  a  schoolmaster 
in  Boston ;  a  freeman  in  1G36 ;  and  was  settled 
at  D.  in  1641  or  1642. 

MAULE,  Thomas,  a  shopkeeper  of  Salem, 
was  called  before  the  council  in  1695,  for  publish- 
ing a  pamphlet  of  260  pages,  truth  held  forth. 
71 


MAY. 


5G1 


Thus  early  did  authority  attcm|)t  to  thocklo  the 
j)ri'RM. 

.MAIUV,  Jamis,  died  nt  New  York  Feb.  23, 
1810,  iigc'd  !).j.  A  native  of  Virginia,  be  was  the 
(irnt  I'nitfd  Stnten'  connul  at  Liverpool,  —  a 
station  which  he  held  iirarly  half  u  century. 
He  was  educated,  intelligent,  amiable,  and  re- 
spected. 

M.WllUK'K,  John,  one  of  the  first  miniNters 
of  DorcheNtcr,  nnd  colleague  pastor  with  Wur- 
linm,  lived  in  England  forty  miles  from  I'.xeter; 
he  arrived  nt  Nanfasket  .May  HO,  1030,  nnd  died 
nt  BoNton,  l''el).  3,  1030,  aged  nimut  00.  He  was 
a  man  of  a  buml)le  spirit  and  eminently  useful. 
MoHt  of  luH  ehurc'h  removed  to  Windsor. 

MAXCY,  Jonathan,  1).  1)„  president  of  three 
colleges,  died  June  4,  1820,  aged  52.  He  was 
born  at  .\tlleborough,  Mass.,  Sept.  2,  1708,  and 
was  graduated  in  1787  at  the  college  in  Provi- 
dence, of  the  Baptist  church  in  which  town  he 
was  ordained  the  pastor,  Sept.  8,  1701.  He  was 
also  jirofesHor-of  divinity  in  the  college,  and  eleven 
years  the  president,  from  Sept.  0,  1702.  In  his 
pnstoral  office  he  was  succeeded  by  S.  Oano.  In 
1801  he  succeeded  Dr.  I'M  wards  as  the  president 
of  Union  college  in  Schenectady,  in  which  office 
he  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Nott  in  1804.  For  the 
next  fifteen  years  he  was  the  first  president  of 
the  college  of  South  Carolina  in  Columbia,  where 
he  died.  Ho  married  a  daughter  of  Commodore 
Hopkins  of  Providence.  He  published  a  dis- 
course on  the  death  of  Pres.  Manning  i  address 
to  graduotes,  1794 1  oration  to  mechanics,  1795  j 
oration  July  4  ;  existence  of  God  from  his  works ; 
at  a  dedication;  on  the  atonement,  1796;  ser- 
mon at  Boston;  to  a  class,  1707;  address  to 
graduates,  1798;  to  candidates  for  a  degree,  1801; 
funeral  sermon  to  legislature,  1818.  His  literary 
remains,  with  a  memoir  by  Dr.  Elton,  were  pub- 
lished in  1844. 

JIAXCY,  VinciL,  was  killed  by  the  explosion 
on  board  the  steamer  Princeton,  Feb.  28, 1814.  In 
the  same  manner  were  killed  Commodore  Kennon 
and  Secretary  Gilmer.  lie  was  born  in  Massachu- 
setts, and  graduated  at  Providence  in  1804,  his 
brother  being  the  president  of  the  college.  In 
law  he  was  associated  with  A.  G.  Harper  of  Mary- 
land. He  was  solicitor  of  the  treasury,  and  charg^ 
at  Belgium  five  years.  He  published  oration  to 
Phi  Beta  Kappa  society,  1833. 

MAXWELL,  Ebenezeu  K.,  minister  at  Dellii, 
N.  Y.,  died  in  1840,  aged  55. 

MAY,  Ei.e,\zar,  minister  of  Haddam,  Conn., 
died  in  1803,  aged  70.  Born  in  W^cthersfield,  he 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1752,  and  was  ordained  in 
1756. 

MAY,  Samuel  W.,  minister  at  Cincinnati,  O., 
died  March  27,  1840. 

MAY,  He/ekuh,  died  at  Tionesta,  Venango 
valley,  Pcnn.,  July  4,  1843,  aged  C9.    Bora  in 


662 


MAY. 


MAYLEW, 


Ilnddnm,  lie  f^adimtrd  at  York  in  1703,  nnil  from 
\m>'^  to  INON  wun  the  niiiiixtcr  of  Miirlilrlicad ; 
then  he  cniiKrati'd  to  the  wildcini'KM  of  th<'  Allf- 
ghany  rivrr.  IIIm  flrHt  rare  *nN  |iri'ii(liinK  the 
gONpel,  yet  he  HneceHhfidly  eiijfiiKed  eiirnenlly  in 
ogricuiture,  hrin^iii^  ii])  n  jar^^o  fuinily.  IliM 
fnlher  win  Eleiizur,  ii  niiiii-tcr  in  I'.unI  lladthim 
flny  yeuri*.  lie  |iiililisiii:(l  a  neriuun  ut  tiiu  liiNtal- 
lation  of  v..  Sn^e,  ISOM. 

MAY,  riiKMiUic,  n  jihydicinn,  died  nt  WnshinR- 
ton  ill  1NI7,  a^ed  Tt.  lie  ^rndiiiited  at  Harvard 
in  1702,  niid  removed  to  WnKhiiigtoii  in  170J, 
when  tlie  eapital  wuh  a  wildernexN.  Fur  many 
ycarii  he  whh  its  pliyKicinn  and  Hurgcon,  lie  wm 
prcdident  of  the  medical  nociety. 

MAY,  OkoHgk  W.,  a  jjhyKician,  died  nt  Wash- 
ington in  IHtS,  Qgcd  60.  Horn  in  Boston,  he 
graduated  nt  Ilnrvartl  in  1810. 

MAYHKW,  TiioMAH,  governor  of  Martha's 
Vineyard  and  the  neighboring  iNlands,  died  in 
1681,  nged  02.  Ho  resided  nt  Wntertown,  Mass. 
in  1G3U.  He  Imd  been  a  mcrchniit  in  South- 
ampton, England.  In  Oct.,  1041,  he  obtained  of 
the  agent  of  Lord  Stirling  a  grant  of  the  above 
lands.  Ill  the  following  year  he  began  a  settle- 
ment at  Edgartown.  In  about  thirty  years  these 
islands  were  attached  to  New  York,  and  in  1602 
they  were  annexed  to  Massachusetts.  He  gave 
his  son  much  assistanco  in  the  benevolent  work 
of  converting  the  heathen.  The  Indian  sachems 
were  afraid  that  the  reception  of  the  Christian 
religion  would  deprive  them  of  their  power;  but 
Gov.  Mayhew  convinced  them  that  religion  and 
government  were  distinct,  and  by  his  ]>rudcnt  con- 
duct removed  their  jirijudices  against  the  truth. 
Having  persuaded  them  to  adopt  the  English 
administration  of  justice,  and  having  proved  him- 
self their  father  and  friend,  they  became  exceed- 
ingly attached  to  him,  and  at  length  submitted 
themselves  to  the  crown  of  England.  After  the 
death  of  his  son,  as  he  was  acquainted  with  the 
language  of  the  Indians,  and  as  he  nnw  no  pros- 
pect of  procuring  a  stated  minister  for  them,  he 
began  himself,  at  the  age  of  seventy,  to  preach  to 
the  natives  as  y,x!l  as  to  the  Engliub  Nntwith- 
Btanding  liis  advanced  years  and  his  odicc  of  gov- 
ernor, he  sometimes  travelled  on  foot  near  twenty 
miles  tlirough  the  woods,  in  order  to  impart  the 
knowledge  of  the  gospel  to  those  that  sat  in 
darkness.  He  jicrsuaded  the  natives  at  Gayhead 
to  receive  the  go»]iel,  which  they  had  before  op- 
posed. Between  the  years  1004  and  1G67  he  was 
much  assisted  by  John  Cotton.  When  an  Indian 
church  was  formed,  Aug.  22,  1G70,  the  members 
of  it  desired  him,  though  above  fourscore,  to  be- 
come their  pastor ;  but,  as  he  declined,  they  chose 
Hiacoomes.  When  Philip's  war  commenced  in 
1675,  the  Indians  of  Martha's  Vineyard  could 
count  twenty  times  the  number  of  the  English, 
and  the  latter  would  probably  have  been  cxtir- 


jmtrd,  hnd  not  the  ChriMinn  religion  hern  intro- 
durcd  I  liiit  nrw  all  wan  jienre,  nnd  Mr.  Mn)hew 
eniplojedKomeof  bin  converts  ns  n  gunrd.  Wliilo 
his  zeal  to  promote  the  gohpel  wn.n  yet  iiiinliatcd, 
he  died  iiiuld  nge.  In  hiit  last  nionientN  IiIn  heart 
wn.i  lllled  with  ChriNtian  joy.  —  l'rinrf'»  Arrniiiit, 
iinntxtd  to  Mayhev'i  Indiun  Contertt,  280,  1)02- 

ao2. 

MAYHKW,  TiioMAH,  the  first  minister  of  Mar- 
tha's Vineyard,  the  only  son  of  the  j)reK<ling, 
died  in  10u7,  nged  30.  He  in  1042  ncconipnnied 
his  father  to  that  ixjnnd,  where  he  bcrnnn'  the 
minister  of  the  I''ngliNh.  He  beheld  wilh  Chriii- 
tiaii  eompassion  the  miHcrable  Inilians,  who  were 
ignorant  of  the  true  God ;  ho  studied  their  Inn- 
gunge  I  he  conciliated  their  affection ;  and  ho 
taught  them  the  truths  of  the  gospel.  The  lirnt 
convert  was  Hiacoomes  in  1043.  Mr.  Miiyhcw 
commenced  his  ])ublic  instructions  to  the  lndiniis 
in  1640,  the  same  year  in  which  Mr.  Eliot  began 
his  missionary  exertions  in  a  dillerent  part  of  the 
country.  Many  obstacles  were  thrown  iu  his 
wayi  but  he  persevered  in  his  benevolent  labors, 
visiting  the  natives  in  their  different  abodes,  lodg- 
ing in  their  smoky  wigwnms,  and  usually  s|)ciidiiig 
a  part  of  the  night  in  relating  to  them  portions 
of  the  Scripture  history.  Before  the  close  of  the 
year  lOoO,  a  hundred  Indians  entered  into  a 
solemn  covenant  to  obey  the  Most  High  God,  im- 
ploring his  mercy  through  the  blood  of  Christ. 
In  1602  there  were  two  hundred  and  eighty-two 
of  the  heathens  who  had  embraced  Christianity, 
and  among  these  were  eight  ])awaws,  or  priests, 
who  were  so  much  interested  to  sujjport  the  credit 
of  their  craft.  He  sailed  for  England  in  Nov., 
1637,  to  communicate  intelligence  respecting  these 
Indians  to  the  society  for  propagating  the  g08|)el, 
nnd  to  procure  the  means  of  more  exten.sive  use- 
fulness ;  but  the  vessel  was  lost  at  sea.  He  left 
three  sons,  —  Matthew,  who  succeeded  his  grand- 
father in  the  government  of  the  island  in  1G81, 
and  also  preached  to  the  Indians,  and  died  in 
1710;  Thomas,  a  judge  of  the  common  pleas  for 
the  county;  and  John.  A  grandson  of  Matthew 
was  Dr.  Malllicw  Mayhew,  a  man  of  wit  and 
humor  and  uncommon  ])ower8  of  mind,  who  died 
before  1815,  aged  85.  —  He  bad  received  a  liberal 
education,  and  was  a  man  of  considerable  learn- 
ing. His  talents  might  have  procured  him  a  set- 
tlement in  places,  where  his  maintenance  would 
have  been  generous ;  but  he  chose  to  preach  the 
gospel  to  the  heathen,  and  cheerfully  consented 
to  live  in  poverty  and  to  labor  with  his  own  hands 
to  procure  the  means  of  subsistence  for  his  fam- 
ily. Four  of  his  letters  respecting  the  progress 
of  the  gospel  were  published  in  London.  —  In- 
dian Converts,  app.  280-292 ;  Neal'a  N.  E.  l. 
262-267 ;  Magnalia,  III.  200. 

MAYHEW,  John,  minister  of  Martha's  Vine- 
yard, the  son  of  the  preceding,  died  in  1689,  aged 


MAYIIF.W. 


MAYIIF.W. 


/)G3 


3fl.  Uc  WM  horn  ill  Ul.VJ.  At  tlir  njjr  of  fwrn- ' 
ty-olic  III-  wni  rnllrd  to  llir  miiiistrv  amoiijf  till' 
KiiKli^ii  nt  'liOiiiry,  in  llir  midiiU-  of  tin-  island. 
Aliout  till'  Niinit'  lime  uUn  lie  Ik'kiui  to  preach  to 
flu-  IndiiuiH.  Mo  tjui>{lit  llu'in  allornntcly  in  nil 
their  nnNeniMieH  <'verj  week,  mid  UKsisted  tlieni  in 
the  miiniiijemeiit  of  their  ercle^iasliiiil  (oneeriis. 
For  Honie  years  he  reeeived  hut  live  potiiids  an- 
nually for  IiIn  Kervices,  hut  he  waN  rontent,  hein^ 
niore  desirous  of  Navinj{  souls  fr<un  death  than  of 
occuniuliitini;  wealth,  lie  houkIiI  not  n\<>r}  of 
men,  and  willinj^ly  remained  unknown,  thouffli  he 
possessed  talents  whieh  niif?ht  linvu  nttracieil  aji- 
plausc.  He  died,  leaving  nn  Indian  clnireh  of  one 
hundred coniniunicaiits,  and  several  well-instructed 
Indian  tencliorH  in  dilferent  conf5re;^ationH.  In 
his  last  Hicknoss  he  exjiressed  liis  hope  of  Halva- 
tion  through  the  merits  of  Christ.  — Indian  dm- 
rerls,  Ajipeiidix. 

MAYIIEW,  I'APl-.niKXCE,  niiniHtcr  on  Martha's 
Vineyard,  tlio  oldest  son  of  the  preceding,  died 
Nov.  2U,  IT.jS,  aged  Hj.  He  was  horn  Jan.  27, 
1073.  In  .March,  1001,  ahout  five  years  after  the 
death  of  his  father,  ho  began  to  preach  to  the 
Indians,  taking  the  oversight  of  five  or  six  of 
their  assemblies.  The  Indian  language  had  been 
familiar  to  him  from  infoncy,  and  ho  was  cm- 
ployed  by  the  commisNioners  of  the  society  for 
jiropagating  tlic  gospel  in  Now  England  to  make 
a  new  versicni  of  tiic  I'salms  ond  of  John,  which 
work  he  executed  with  great  accuracy  in  1709. 
His  RoiiR  wore  Jonathan,  Joseph,  Nathan,  and 
Zechariah.  He  published  a  sermon,  entitled,  all 
mankind  by  nature  equally  under  sin,  17'J4;  In- 
dian converts,  8vo.  1727,  in  which  he  gives  an 
account  of  the  lives  of  thirty  Indian  ministers, 
and  about  eighty  Indian  men,  women,  and  youth, 
worthy  of  remembrance  on  account  of  their  jjiety  j 
a  letter  on  the  Lord's  supper,  1741;  grace  de- 
fended, 8vo.  1744,  in  which  he  contends,  that  the 
oft'er  of  salvation,  made  to  sinners  in  the  gospel, 
contains  in  it  a  conditional  ])romisc  of  the  grace 
given  in  regeneration.  In  this,  he  says,  he  differs 
from  most  in  the  Calvinistic  scheme  j  yet  he  sup- 
ports the  doctrines  of  original  sin,  of  eternal  de- 
crees and  of  the  sovereignty  of  God  in  the  sal- 
vation of  man.  —  Indian  Conv.  Appcn.  306, 307 ; 
Channctfs  liemarks  on  Landaff's  Sermon,  23. 

MAYIIEW,  Zecu^uilvu,  a  missionary  to  the 
Indians,  the  son  of  the  preceding,  died  March  6, 
1800,  aged  89.  He  was  ordained  at  Martha's 
Vineyard  Dec.  10,  1767,  and  devoted  his  life  to 
the  instruction  of  the  remnants  of  the  red  men, 
being  employed  by  the  Massachusetts  society  for 
propagating  the  gospel  among  the  Indians.  In 
Oct.  of  this  year  there  were  at  Gay  head  people  of 
color  in  all  two  hundred  and  twelve.  ^Formerly 
the  number  of  Indians  was  very  large.  The  age 
attained  by  the  Mayhews  is  remarkable :  the  first 
Thomas  died,  aged  90;  Experience,  84;  John, 


grandson  of  the  fir»it  John,  Sf)|  Ms  brother,  Ji-rc- 
niiiili,  H.-)i  Ih-.  Miitilntt.  N.M  Ztrlmriah,  71t. 

M.VYllI'.W,  JdVATllAN,  1>.  !>.,  niiuisitr  in 
Iloston.  tlie  son  of  Experience  M.,  died  Jul\  U, 
I'lUi,  agi'il  •.').  He  was  born  at  Martha's  Vine- 
yard  Oct.  H,  IT'JO,  and  was  gradiiatid  at  Harvard 
college  in  1711,  having  made  uncommon  pro- 
llcicncy  in  lilrrary  pursuits.  He  was  ordained 
the  iniiiistcr  of  the  west  church  in  Iloston  Juno 
10,  1717,  as  Niiercssor  of  the  first  minister,  Mr. 
lloo|)er,  who  had  embraced  the  I'lpiscopulian 
system.  Hire  hcrontiiuicd  till  his  suitden death. 
He  was  snccei'dcd  by  Dr.  Howard. 

He  |)ossi'ssc(l  su])i'rior  powers  of  mind,  and  in 
classical   hNirning   held  an   eminent   rank.     Hia 
writings  evince  a  mind  cajmhle  of  making  the 
nicest    moral   distinctions,  and   of  grasping   the 
most  alistnise  metaphysical  trulhs,     .\mong  the 
correspondents,  which  his  literary  character  or 
his  attachment  to  liberty  gained  him  abroad,  were 
I.ardner,  llenson,  Kippis,  Iliackhurne,  and  HoUis. 
From  the  latter  he  ])rocured  many  rich  donations 
for  the  college  at  Cambridge.    Ileing  a  deter- 
mined enemy  to  religious  establishments,  to  test 
acts,  and  to  eeclcsiaslical  usurjiation,  he  in  1703 
engaged  in  a  controversy  with  Mr.  Apthorp  re- 
specting the  proceedings  of     .    society  for  the 
jiropagation  of  the  gosjjol  in  foreign  parts,  of 
which  Mr.  Apthorp  was  a  missionary.    He  con- 
tended, that  the  society  was  either  deceived  by 
the  rejn'osentations  of  the  persons  employed,  or 
was  governed  more  by  a  regard  to  Episcopacy 
than  to  charity.     He  was  an  unshaken  friend  of 
ci\il  ond  religious  liberty,  and  the  spirit  which 
breathed  in  his  writings,  transfused  itself  into  the 
minds  of  many  of  his  fellow  citizens,  and  had  no 
little  influence  in  jiroducing  the  grcot  events  of  the 
Uevolution.     He  was  the  associate  of  Otis  and 
wthcr  ])atriots  in  resisting  the  arbitrary  claims  of 
Great  Uritain.    He  believed  it  to  be  his  duty  to  pro- 
mote the  hai)pincss  of  his  brethren  in  every  pos- 
sible way,  and  he  therefore  took  a  deep  interest 
in  political  concerns,     lie  jjossessed  singular  forti- 
tude  and  elevation  of  mind.      Unshackled  by 
education,  he  thought  for  himself,  and  what  he 
believed  he  wos  not  afraid  to  avow.     In  his  nat- 
ural temper  he  was  warm,  and  lie  had  not  olwaya 
a  full  command  of  himself.    His  want  of  meek- 
nes.s  and  his  pride  arc  jieculiarly  displayed  in  his 
letter  to  John   Cleaveland.    lie  was,  however, 
amiable  in  the  several  relations  of  life,  endeared 
to  his  friends,  ready  to  perform  the  offices  of 
kindness,  liberal,  and  charitable.     Some  of  his 
contemporaries  considered  him  as  not  perfectly 
evangelical  in  his  sentiments.    But,  although  he 
thought  for  himself,  and  wished  others  to  enjoy 
the  same  liberty,  yet  he  did  not  degrade  his  in- 
tellectual dignity  by  confounding  the  difference 
between  truth  and  falsehood,  right  and  wrongi 
and  saying,  that  it  is  of  little  consequence  what  a 


564 


MAYHEW. 


McCALLA. 


man  believes.  Though  he  was  called  liberal  in 
his  sentimcntH,  Ihh  charity  would  not  admit  of 
attenuation  and  expansion  to  such  a  degree  as  to 
embrace  everj-  one.  IIIh  discourses  were  practi- 
cal and  persuasive,  calculated  to  inform  the  mind 
and  to  reach  the  heart.  He  was  most  interesting 
to  the  judicious  and  enlightened.  He  i)ublished 
Beven  sermons,  8vo.  l'4'J,  wiiich  for  perspicuous 
and  forcible  reasoning  have  seldom  been  ecjualled  ; 
a  discourse  concerning  uidimited  submission,  and 
non-resistance  to  the  higher  powers,  preached 
Jan.  30,  1700,  in  which  he  did  not  speak  of  the 
royal  martyr  in  the  strain  nt'  the  Episcopalians ; 
on  the  death  of  the  prince  of  AVales,  1161 ;  elec- 
tion sermon,  1754  ;  on  the  earthquakes ;  sermons 
on  justification,  1755;  two  thanksgiving  sermons 
for  the  success  of  his  majesty's  arms,  1758,  and 
two  on  thi  reduction  of  (Juebec,  1759;  a  thanks- 
giving sermon  on  the  entire  reduction  of  Canada; 
on  the  death  of  Stephen  Scwall ;  on  the  great 
fire  in  Boston,  17C0;  on  the  death  of  George  II. ; 
striving  to  enter  in  at  the  straight  gate  exi)lained 
and  inculcated,  1701;  Christian  sobriety,  in  eight 
Bcrmons  to  young  men,  with  two  thanksgiving 
sermons;  observations  on  the  charter  and  con- 
duct of  the  society  for  j)ropagating  the  gospel  in 
foreign  parts,  1703 ;  defence  of  the  preceding, 
1764  ;  second  defence,  1765  ;  letter  of  reproof  to 
John  Cleaveland ;  Dudleian  lecture,  1705 ;  thanks- 
giving sermon  for  the  repeal  of  the  stamp  act,  17CG. 
—  Chatmct/'s  and  Qay's  Sermons. 

MAYHEW,  MArniEW,  Dr.,  died  in  Chilmark, 
Martha's  Vineyard,  in  1805,  aged  86.  He  was 
an  eminent  physician,  a  senator,  and  judge  of 
probate.  He  was  a  man  of  talents,  of  wit  and 
humor ;  of  benevolence  and  an  exemplary  Chris- 
tian; and  liis  end  was  peace.  Nine  children 
followed  him  to  the  grave.  —  Collections  Ilist. 
Society,  2d  scries,  vol.  in. 

MAYHEW,  Allen,  Dr.,  died  at  Chilmark, 
Martha's  Vineyard,  in  Dec,  1826,  aged  59. 

MAYHEW,  William,  died  in  Edgartown  in 
Dec.,  1840,  aged  92,  the  oldest  person  on  Mar- 
tha's Vineyard.  He  was  a  member  of  the  con- 
vention of  1789. 

MAYHEW,  John,  died  in  1742,  aged  about 
47.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1715.  He 
■wrote  poetry,  and  published  the  conquest  of  Lou- 
isburg ;  also,  in  blank  verse,  Gallic  perfidy,  relat- 
ing to  the  massacre  by  the  savages  of  the  garrison 
of  fort  William  Henry,  Aug.  9,  1757. 

MAYNADIER,  Henry,  colonel,  died  in  Anna- 
polis, Md.,  in  1849,  aged  93.  He  served  under 
Washington  in  the  war.  As  a  surgeon  he  ex- 
tracted a  ball  from  the  leg  of  Lafayette  at  the 
battle  of  Brandywine. 

MAYNAIID,'  William  II.,  a  lawyer,  died  of 
the  cholera  in  1832,  aged  44.  He  graduated  at 
Williams  in  1810.    lie  bequeathed  to  Hamilton 


college.  New  York,  about  20,000  dollars,  to  found 
a  law  department. 

MAYNAHl),  Eliphal,  missionary  to  the  Jews 
at  Salonica,  died  Sept.  14,  1849.  He  sailed  from 
Boston  with  Mr.  Dodd  in  January,  and  arrived 
at  S.  April  2,  and  entered  upon  the  study  of  the 
Hebrew,  Spanish,  Turkish,  and  Greek.  Expos- 
ure on  a  journey  to  mount  01ymi)us  was  the 
cause  of  his  death.  He  was  a  native  of  Pots- 
dam, N.  Y. ;  his  wife,  Celestia  A.,  was  born  in 
Parishville,  N.  Y. 

MAYNAKl),  John,  judge,  died  in  Auburn, 
N.  Y.,  March  24,  1850,  formerly  of  Seneca  Falls. 
In  1826  he  was  a  member  of  congress,  sup))ort- 
ing  Mr.  Adams.  He  was  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  New  York,  and  a  judge  of  the  court  of 
!  appeals. 

I  MAYO,  John,  the  first  minister  of  the  north 
j  church,  Boston,  died  in  1()62,  or  later.  He  came 
i  to  this  coimtry  in  1642,  and  was  a  pious  and 
'  learned  minister  in  Plymouth  colony ;  about 
1G49  he  went  to  Boston.  He  oj)])osed  the  result 
of  the  synod  respecting  bajjtism  in  1662. 

MAYO,  Mrs.,  died  in  Portsmouth  in  1775, 
aged  100. 

MAZZEI,  Philip,  a  native  of  Tuscany,  after 
engaging  in  commercial  business  in  London,  re- 
moved to  Virginia.  By  that  State  lie  was  sent 
on  a  secret  mission  to  Europe,  from  which  ho 
returned  in  1785.  He  afterwards  lived  in  Poland 
in  the  service  of  the  king.  He  died  at  I'isa, 
March  19,  1816,  aged  86.  .\  notorious  letter  of 
^Ir.  Jefferson  was  addressed  to  him.  He  pub- 
lished recherehes  historiques  et  politiques  sur  les 
Etats-Unis,  4  vols.,  8vo.,  1788. 

McCALL,  Thomas  H.,  D.  D.,  died  early  in 
this  century  at  Savannah.  He  graduated  at 
Princeton  in  1774.  As  a  Presbyterian  minister 
he  was  pre-eminent  for  science,  classical  learning, 
and  eloquence,  in  the  western  counties  of  North 
Carolina.  He  was  called  to  the  presidency  of 
the  college  at  Wynnsborough,  S.  C,  and  thence, 
after  several  years,  removed  to  Savannah,  where 
he  soon  died. 

McCALL,  FiGii,  major  in  the  army  of  the 
United  States,  died  at  Savannah,  Georgia,  in  1824, 
aged  57.  He  published  a  history  of  Georgia, 
2  vols.,  8vo.,  1816. 

McCALLA,  Daniel,  T).  D.,  minister  at  Wap- 
petaw,  South  Carolina,  died  Ajjril  6,  1809,  ngcd 
60.  He  was  born  at  Neshaminy,  Penn.,  in  1748, 
of  pious  parents,  and  graduated  at  Princeton  in 
1766.  He  afterwards  taught  an  academy  in  Phil- 
adelphia, making  himself  great  improvement  in 
science,  acquiring  also  a  knowledge  of  the  French, 
Spanish,  and  Italian  languages.  In  1774  he  was 
ordained  pastor  of  the  churches  of  New  Provi- 
dence and  Charleston,  Penn.  In  the  war  he  went 
08  a  chaplain  to  Canada  and  was  made  a  prisoner 


McCLARY. 


McCnRA. 


565 


with  Thomson  at  Trois  Rivieres.  For  some  months 
lie  was  coiit'mcd  in  a  prison  slilp.  He  retiirne<l 
on  jiarole  nt  the  close  of  177().  After  his  ex- 
change lie  taught  an  academy  in  Hanover  county. 
For  twenty-one  years  lie  was  tlie  minister  of  tlie 
Congregational  chureli  at  Wajipetaw,  "C'liriiit's 
chnreli  parish,"  devoting  himself  chiefly  to  the 
critical  study  of  ^!ie  Scriptures  in  the  original 
languages.  The  death  of  his  daughter  over- 
whelmed him,  and  gave  new  power  to  his  disease. 
He  died  in  calm  submission.  His  wife  was  Eliza- 
beth, daughter  of  Rev.  John  Todd  of  Virginia ; 
his  only  child,  who  married  Hr.  John  R.  Withcr- 
spoon,  died  nt  the  age  of  2(),  leaving  one  sou. 
He  had  a  Latin  hihle  of  the  ninth  century,  which 
ho  gave  to  his  son-in-law,  Rev.  ])r.  Witherspoon. 
He  was  an  eminently  learned,  good,  and  useful 
man.  His  eloipicnce  was  almost  unrivalled.  He 
preferred  the  Congregational  form  of  government 
ns  most  consonant  to  the  apostolical  j)racticc. 
Ho  j)ul)lislied  a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of 
James  Adams.  His  sermons  and  essays,  with 
an  accoimt  of  his  life  by  Hollingshcad,  were  pub- 
lished in  2  vols.,  1810. 

McCLARY,  AxuuKW,  major,  icil  in  the  bat- 
tle of  Hunker  Hill  June  17,  177i(,  i.i  the  vigor  of 
manhood.  Horn  in  Epsom,  N.  H.,  his  parents 
were  of  Irish  descent.  In  Dec,  1774,  ho  accom- 
panied Cilley  in  the  cajjturc  of  fort  William  and 
Mary.  On  hearing  of  the  battle  of  Lexington 
ho  left;  his  plough.  At  Warren's  ftdl  he  suc- 
ceeded to  the  command,  and  said  he  would  not 
retire  until  he  had  given  them  one  more  shot ; 
but  at  that  moment  a  cannon-ball  killed  him. 
He  was  prompt,  generous,  and  of  a  sound  judg- 
ment. 

McCLARY,  Joiix,  died  at  Epsom,  N.  IL,  in 
1801,  aged  82,  a  councillor.  Gen.  Michael  Me- 
Clary  died  at  Ejjsom  in  1824,  aged  71. 

McClelland,  Samuel,  M.  D.,  died  at 
Philadelphia  Jan.  4,  1854,  aged  03;  an  eminent 
physician. 

McCLURE,  David,  D.  D.,  minister  of  East 
Windsor,  Conn.,  died  June  26,  1820,  aged  71. 
He  was  a  native  of  Brookfield,  Mass.,  and  was 
graduated  at  Yale  college  in  17(59.  From  Nov. 
13, 177G,  till  Aug.  30,  178i3,  he  was  the  minister 
of  North  Hampton,  N.  IL,  and  in  1786  was  in- 
stalled at  East  Windsor.  His  wife  was  the  daugh- 
ter of  Dr.  Pomeroy.  His  predecessors  were  T. 
Edwards  and  J.  Perry.  Dr.  ^L  was  a  respected 
and  useful  minister,  and  a  trustee  of  Dartmouth 
college.  He  published  a  sermon  on  the  death 
of  Dr.  Pomeroy,  1784;  of  Erastus  Wolcott ;  or- 
dination of  S.  Griswold,  1790;  with  Dr.  Parish, 
memoirs  of  E.  Wheelock,  founder  of  Dartmouth 
college,  8vo.,  1810;  twenty-four  sermons  on  the 
moral  law,  8vo.,  1818;  an  account  of  Windsor, 
in  historical  collections,  V. 

McCLURE,  S,iMUEL,  died  in   Clark  county, 


Illinois,  Dec.  18,  18|,>.  aged  07.  A  soldier,  he 
removed  at  the  close  of  the  war  to  Kentucky.  He 
was  overtaken  on  his  way  and  wounded  by  the 
Indians,  his  four  children  killed,  and  his  wife  taken 
prisoner  ;  but  he  recovered  from  his  wounds. 

McCLl'RI'.,  (jKoiKii:,  general,  died  in  I^lgin, 
Illinois,  in  1851,  aged  80.  He  was  an  emigrant 
from  Ireland  to  Path,  N.  Y.,  where  he  lived  from 
1704  to  1811,5.  He  commanded  a  brigade  in  the 
war  of  1812. 

M(  CLl'RG,  Jamks,  M.  D.,  a  physician  in 
Virginia,  died  in  liichmond  in  182J,  aged  77. 
He  was  killed  by  his  horses  running  away.  Ho 
was  the  son  of  Dr.  Walter  M. ;  was  educated 
at  William  and  Mary  college;  then  studied 
l)hysic  .at  I'.dinburgb  and  Paris.  At  his  return 
about  1773  he  settled  at  Williamsburg ;  about 
1783  he  removed  to  Richmond.  He  stood  high 
in  his  profession.  He  pubUshed  an  essay  on 
the  bile,  which  has  been  much  commended. — 
Ci/ctii]tiV(lia  of  Amer.  Lilcralurc. 

McCOXAUGIIY,  David,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  died 
Jan.  29,  1852,  formerly  ])resident  of  Washington 
college  at  AVashington,  Penn. 

McCORD,  David  J.,  colonel,  died  in  Colum- 
bia, S.  C,  May  12,  1855,  aged  58.  He  was  grad- 
uated at  Columbia  college,  and  was  a  lawyer  of 
repute,  editor  of  the  statutes  of  the  State,  and 
one  of  the  authors  of  Nott  and  McCord's  reports. 
He  also  published  two  vols,  of  law  and  two  of 
chancery  reports  ;  also  South  Carolina  law  journal 
one  vol.,  with  Col.  Planding  ;  and  wrote  many 
pieces  for  the  Southern  review.  —  Cijcl.  of  Amer. 
Litcrnturc. 

McCORNISII,  Anduew  T.,  a  minister  for 
twenty-three  years  of  the  first  Episcopal  church 
at  Washington,  died  in  1841,  aged  about  80. 

.McCR.VCKEN,  J.  L.  IL,  a  merchant  of  New 
York,  died  at  Sierre  Leone  in  1853,  aged  40.  He 
was  a  literary  man,  and  wrote  for  the  magazines 
and  journals.  —  Cycl.  of  Amer.  Literature. 

^IcCREA,  J.VNE,  murdered  by  the  Indians  in 
1777,  was  the  second  daughter  of  James  M., 
minister  of  Lamington,  New  Jersey,  who  died 
before  the  Revolution.  After  his  death,  she  re- 
sided with  her  brother.  Col.  John  JL,  of  Albany, 
who  removed  in  1773  to  the  neighborhood  of  fort 
Edward.  His  liouse  was  in  what  is  now  North- 
umberland, on  the  west  side  of  the  Hudson,  three 
miles  north  of  fort  Miller  falls.  In  July  or  Aug., 
1777,  being  on  a  visit  to  the  family  of  Mrs.  Mc- 
Neil, near  fort  Edward,  at  the  close  of  the  week, 
she  was  a.sked  to  remain  until  Monday.  On  Sun- 
day morning,  when  the  Indians  came  to  the 
house,  she  concealed  herself  in  the  cellar ;  but 
they  dragged  her  out  by  the  hair,  and,  placing 
her  on  a  horse,  proceeded  on  the  road  towards 
Sandy  Hill.  They  soon  met  another  party  of  In- 
dians, returning  from  Argyle,  where  they  had 
killed  the   family  of  Mr.  Cuius ;  these  ludians 


566 


McCREERY. 


McDOUGALL. 


disapproved  the  purpose  of  taking  ^liss  McCrca 
to  the  British  camp,  and  one  of  them  struck  her 
with  a  tomahawk  and  tore  off  her  scalp.  This  is 
the  account  given  by  her  nepliew.  Tlie  account 
of  Mrs.  McXeil  is,  that  her  lover,  anxious  for 
her  safety,  employed  two  Indians,  with  the  pro- 
mise of  a  barrel  of  rum,  to  bring  her  to  him  ; 
and  that  in  consequence  of  their  dispute  for  the 
right  of  conducting  her,  one  of  them  murdered 
her.  Gates,  in  his  letter  to  Burgoyne  of  Se])t.  2, 
says,  she  "  was  dressed  to  receive  her  jjromised 
husband."  Her  brother,  on  liearing  of  her  fate, 
sent  his  family  the  next  day  to  Albany,  and,  re- 
pairing to  the  American  camp,  buried  his  sister 
with  one  Lieutenant  Van  Vechten,  three  miles 
south  of  fort  Edward.  She  Avas  twenty-three 
years  of  age,  of  an  amiable  and  virtuous  charac- 
ter, and  highly  esteemed  by  all  her  acquaintance. 
It  was  said  and  believed,  that  she  was  engaged 
in  marriage  to  Capt.  Da\id  Jones  of  the  British 
army,  a  loyalist,  who  surAived  her  only  a  few 
years,  and  died,  as  was  sup])osed,  of  grief  for 
her  loss.  Her  nejjhew.  Col.  James  McCrea,  lived 
at  Saratoga  in  1823. 

McCREERY,  John,  minister  of  White  Clay 
Creek,  Delaware,  died  in  1800,  aged  64,  having 
been  pastor  thirty  years. 

McCREERY,  John,  a  Virginia  pcot,  died  at 
Richmond  in  1825. 

Mcculloch,  James  H.,  died  at  Baltimore 
in  1836,  aged  80,  for  thirty  years  the  collector  of 
the  port.    He  was  a  patriotic,  respected  citizen. 

Mcculloch,  Tuomas,  D.  D,,  died  at  Pic- 
tou  in  Nova  Scotia,  Sept.,  1843,  aged  67.  He 
was  long  known  as  one  of  the  leading  minds  of 
the  country  where  he  lived.  He  had  great 
learning,  and  profoundly  investigated  the  myste- 
ries of  nature. 

Mcculloch,  Robert,  a  patriot  of  the 
Revolution,  died  in  Marcellus,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  16, 
1855,  aged  96.  He  was  at  the  surrender  of  Bur- 
goyne. During  his  long  life  he  never  had  occa- 
sion to  call  a  physician.  By  mistaking  the  door 
he  fell  into  his  cellar  and  was  instantly  killed. 
Multitudes  attended  the  funeral  of  a  man  of  up- 
rightness and  kindness,  who  had  lived  to  see  the 
increase  of  his  country's  population  from  three  to 
nearly  thirty  millions,  and  who  was  one  of  the 
noble  men  whose  toils  and  courage  established 
our  nations  independence. 

McDANIEL,  Akchibald,  died  in  Bladen 
county,  North  Carolina,  in  1834,  aged  101. 

McDonald,  Floua,  an  early  settler  of 
Fayettevillc,  N.  C,  died  in  her  native  Isle  of 
Skye,  March  5,  1790,  aged  about  62.  When  un- 
married she  assisted  the  pretender,  Charles  Ed- 
ward, to  escape  after  the  battle  of  Cullodon  in 
the  dress  of  a  woman,  in  1746.  She  married 
Allen  McDonald,  and  with  him  emigrated  to 
Nortli  P^roliua  in  1775.    In  the  war  her  husband 


espoused  the  wrong  side,  and  was  taken  prisoner 
and  sent  to  Halifax.  Dr.  Jo!n\son  was  a  visitor 
at  her  house  in  Scotland.  Her  son  John,  a  writer 
on  tactics  and  the  telegraph,  died  in  1831,  aged 
72. 

McDONAIiD,  John,  a  Tresbyterian  minister, 
died  at  Albany  in  1821. 

JIcDONALD,  John  (or  Daniel),  D.  D.,  pro- 
fessor of  languages  at  Geneva  college,  New  York, 
died  in  1830,  aged  44. 

McDonald,  Donald,  bom  in  Scotland  in 
1722,  died  in  Lynn,  Mass.,  Sept.  4,  1830,  aged 
108  years. 

Mcdonald,  Willum,  general,  died  at 
Baltimore  Aug.  18,  1845,  aged  86;  a  soldier  of 
the  Revolution,  and  long  an  enterprising  mer- 
chant. 

McDONELL,  Alexander,  D.  D.,  bishop  of 
Kingston,  U.  C,  died  Jan.  14,  1840,  aged  80. 

McDONOGH,  John,  a  merchant,  died  in 
New  Orleans  Oct.  20,  1850,  aged  72.  He  was  a 
man  of  immense  wealth,  of  which  he  gave  equal 
portions  to  New  Orleans  and  Baltimore,  to  estab- 
lish free  schools  and  an  asylum  for  the  ])oor; 
also  a  large  sum  to  the  American  colonization 
society. 

Mcdonough,  Thomas,  commodore,  died 
Nov.  10,  1825,  aged  about  39.  He  was  the  sor 
of  a  physician  in  New  Castle  county,  Delaware, 
who  was  a  major  in  the  war,  and  died  in  179G. 
After  the  death  of  his  father  he  obtained  a  mid- 
shipman's warrant  and  went  in  our  fleet  to  the 
Mediterranean.  In  the  war  of  1812,  at  the  age 
of  28,  he  commanded  the  American  forces  on 
lake  Champlain.  His  own  ship,  the  Saratoga, 
mounted  twenty-six  guns ;  the  Confiance,  the  ship 
of  the  British  Capt.  Downie,  mounted  thirty-six. 
In  the  battle  of  Sept.  11,  1814,  after  an  action  of 
two  hours  and  twenty  minutes,  he  obtained  a 
complete  victory,  which  he  announced  to  the  de- 
partment of  war  as  follows :  "  The  Almighty  has 
been  pleased  to  grant  us  a  signal  victory  on  lake 
Champlain,  in  the  capture  of  one  frigate,  one 
brig,  and  two  sloops  of  war  of  the  enemy."  The 
State  of  New  York  gave  him  one  thousand  acres 
of  land  on  the  bay  in  which  the  battle  was  fought. 
His  residence  was  Middletown,  Conn.  His  wife, 
who  was  Miss  Shaler  of  that  town,  died  in  August, 
while  he  was  absent.  He  was  tall  and  dignified, 
of  light  hair,  complexion,  and  eyes. 

McDOUGALL,  Alexander,  major-general, 
died  in  June,  1786.  He  was  the  son  of  a  Scotch- 
man, who  sold  milk  in  the  city  of  New  York,  nor 
was  he  ashamed  to  acknowledge  that,  when  a 
boy,  he  assisted  his  father.  He  proved  himself  a 
zealous  whig  before  the  beginning  of  the  war.  In 
1770,  when  he  was  a  printer,  he  was  in  prison  in 
New  York  for  a  Ubel  on  the  royal  party  of  the 
colonial  government ;  and  on  the  19th  of  March, 
the  anniversary  of  the  repeal  of  the  stamp  act  in 


an  minister, 


McDOUGAL. 

1706.  when  three  hundred  whigs  mot  at  Ilarap-  i 
den  nail,  oppor,;.?  the  common,  or  the  park,  be- 
fore they  (.at  '1  o  dinner,  with  the  liberty  pole 
before  thcni  ir         park,  they  di'inited  ten  of  their  ; 
number  to  din'    v;ih  Capt.  McDouf^all  in  the  new  | 
gaol.     In  Aug.,  1776,  he  was  a])pointed  brigadier,  | 
and  major-general  in  Oct.,  1777.   He  commanded 
in  the  action  at  White  Plains  and  was  engaged  j 
in  the  battle  of  Germantown.    In  1781  lie  was  i 
elected  a  delegate  to  congress ;  he  was  afterwards  | 
of  the  senate  of  New  York.     Ilis  only  daughter 
married  John  Lawrence. 

McDOUGAL,  Alexander,  died  March  3, 
1841,  aged  101,  in  Hamilton  county,  Ohio.  He 
was  a  Baptist  j  and  a  soldier  of  the  Kevolutionary 
war. 

McDOWALL,  John  Robert,  died  in  New- 
York,  in  1836,  aged  30.  He  was  the  founder  of 
the  moral  reform  societies,  and  editor  of  McDow- 
all's  journal  for  the  promotion  of  purity  of 
morals. 

McDowell,  Samuel,  colonel,  died  near 
Dan\-ille,  Ky.,  Oct.  25, 1817,  aged  84 ;  one  of  the 
first  settlers  of  the  State.  He  was  circuit  judge ; 
a  man  of  industry  and  integrity,  patriotic  and 
pious.  He  left  more  than  one  hundred  descend- 
ants. 

McDowell,  James,  governor  of  Virginia, 
died  near  Lexington,  Aug.  23,  1851,  aged  55. 
He  was  a  descendant  of  the  Scotch  and  Irish  of 
Rockbridge ;  and  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1816. 
He  was  for  years  a  member  of  congress,  and  a 
distinguished  orator.  As  a  friend  of  temperance, 
he  did  not  offer  intoxicating  drink  at  his  table. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  church,  and  one  who 
did  not  neglect  family  prayer.  His  religious  hfc 
commenced  in  the  revival  of  1838,  soon  after  the 
conversion  of  his  wife. 

Mcdowell,  Wiluam  a.,  D.  D.,  died  at 
Morristown,  N.  J.,  Sept.  18,  1851.  He  lived  in 
Lamington,  and  was  a  learned  theologian,  and 
an  impressive  ])reacher. 

McDUFFlE,  George,  governor  of  South 
Carolina,  died  March  11, 1801.  lie  was  many 
years  a  member  of  the  house  and  senate  of  the 
United  States,  and  governor  from  1834  to  1836 ; 
a  State  rights  man,  and  very  zealous  for  the  in- 
terests of  slavery.  The  slaves  on  his  estate  were 
sold,  in  1856,  l)eing  two  hundred  and  ten  in  num- 
ber, for  140,000  dollars.  They  were  thus  sold  to  a 
western  planter  for  about  700  dollars  each,  with 
the  condition  that  they  should  not  be  separated. 
McELKOY,  William  C,  president  of  Dan- 
ville college,  Va.,  died  in  1837. 

McEWEN,  John,  minister  at  Salem,  S.  C, 
died  in  1833,  aged  34. 

McFARLAND,  Asa,  D.  D.,  died  at  Concord, 
N.  H.,  in  1827.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Dart- 
mouth in  1793 ;  ordained  at  Concord  in  March, 
1798 ;  and  continued  in  office  till,  by  reason  of  a 


McINTIRE. 


567 


jialsy,  he  resigned  in  March,  1825.  lie  was  many 
\ears  a  trustee  of  the  college,  and  president  of 
the  State  mis.sionary  society.  He  published  an 
oration,  1802;  historical  view  of  heresirs,  1806. 
McFARLAND  (or  McFarlane). Joiix,  D.I)., 
died  in  Paris,  Ky.,  in  Aug.,  1828.  He  was  of  tho 
Presbyterian  church. 

McGKE,  John,  a  Methodist  minister  in  Smith 
county,  Tenn.,  died  in  18.36,  aged  71. 

McGREGOUE,  Jameh,  first  minister  of  Lon- 
donderry, N.  II.,  died  in  1729,  aged  02.  Ho  had 
the  care  of  a  Scotch  Presbyterian  society  in  tho 
north  of  Ireland.  The  sufterings  of  the  Protest- 
anfj  in  that  country  and  the  inextinguishable 
desire  of  religious  liberty  impelled  him,  with  a  num- 
ber of  other  ministers  and  a  part  of  their  con- 
gregations, to  seek  an  asylum  in  America.  Ho 
arrived  at  Boston  with  about  one  hundred  families, 
Oct.  14,  1718.  In  the  following  year  sixteen 
families  settled  on  a  tract  of  good  land  near 
Haverhill,  wliich  was  called  Nutfield,  and  which 
they  named  Londonderry.  Mr.  McGregore, 
who  since  his  arrival  had  preaclied  at  Dracut, 
was  called  to  be  their  minister.  He  was  a  wise, 
affectionate,  and  faithful  guide  to  his  people  both 
in  civil  and  religious  concerns.  They  brought 
with  them  every  thing  necessary  for  the  manufac- 
ture of  linen.  They  also  introduced  the  culture 
of  potatoes,  which  were  first  ])lanted  in  the  gar- 
den of  Nathaniel  Walker  of  Andover. — Bel- 
htap's  N.  JI.  n.  55—37,  41. 

McGREGORE,  David,  minister  of  London- 
derry, N.  II.,  son  of  the  preceding,  died  May  30, 
1777,  aged  66,  in  the  42d  year  of  his  ministry. 
He  left  eight  children.  One  of  his  daughters 
married  Col.  Robert  Means,  who  died  in  Amherst 
in  1823,  leaving  two  sons  and  three  daughters, 
who  married  Jeremiah  Mason,  Jesse  Appleton, 
and  Caleb  Ellis.  With  eminent  abilities  he  was 
an  excellent  Evangelical  preacher.  He  was  also 
a  zealous  and  intrepid  assertor  of  the  rights  and 
liberties  of  America,  and  died  in  the  full  persua- 
sion that  the  cause  of  his  country  would  triumi)h, 
and  that  here  the  church  of  God  would  flourish 
in  its  purity.  He  published  professors  warned 
of  their  danger,  1741 ;  on  the  trial  of  the  spirits, 
in  answer  to  Caldwell,  1742;  the  believer's  all 
secured,  1747 ;  on  the  death  of  J.  Moorhead, 
1774. 

McGREGORE,  David,  minister  of  Falmouth, 
Me.,  died  Oct.  18,  1845,  aged  74.  He  was  a  de- 
scendant of  the  minister  of  liOndonderry.  He 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1799,  and  was  first 
the  minister  of  Bedford,  N.  IL,  then  of  F. 

MrGUIN,  Samuel,  died  at  Andover,  N.  IL, 
Feb.  1,  1845,  aged  110.  He  was  a  soldier  of  the 
Revolution,  and  a  pensioner,  who  was  called  the 
Caithness  veteran. 

McINTIRE,  Mrs.,  died  in  Goffstown,  N.  H., 
in  1311,  aged  106. 


5ti8 


McINTOSII. 


McIXTOSII,  John  Mork,  came  from  Scot- 
land to  Georffia  in  17U.0,  with  one  liiinilrcd  fol- 
lowers, and  KCttlcd  at  Durien,  in  Mcintosh  county. 
lie  drew  up  a  protest  —  and  was  the  first  signer 
of  it  —  afjainst  the  introduction  of  African  slaves 
into  Georjfia.  Had  the  views  of  this  enlightened 
and  benevolent  man  l)een  regarded,  to  what  a 
com])arative  height  of  ])ros])crity  and  dignity 
would  the  State  of  Georgia  have  attained?  Of 
his  sons  and  grandsons,  seven  bore  commissions 
in  the  army  of  the  Revolution.  —  Cijd.  of  Amer. 
Literature 

McIXTOSII,  Laciii-ax,  general,  an  officer  of 
the  Itevolution,  died  at  Savannah  Feb.  20,  180(i, 
aged  SO.  He  was  one  of  tlie  early  settlers  of 
Georgia,  and  the  princi|)al  military  officer  of  tlie 
province.  Sejit.  16,  1770,  he  was  a])j)ointed 
brigadier-general.  Having  mm'dercd  Mr.  Gwin- 
nett in  a  duel,  the  event,  instead  of  banishing  him 
from  the  army,  was  the  cause  of  his  removal  to 
the  north.  Having  served  till  the  end  of  the 
war,  he  was  a  member  of  congress  in  1784.  In 
1780  lie  was  one  of  the  commissioners  to  treat 
with  the  southern  Indians. 

McINTO.SH,  John,  general,  was  an  officer  of 
the  Georgia  line  in  1775,  and  served  during  the 
war  with  unblemished  honor.  In  1814  he  com- 
manded the  Georgia  division,  which  went  to  Pen- 
sacola.  He  died  at  his  ])lantation  in  Mcintosh 
county,  Nov.  12,  1826,  aged  about  70.  He  was  a 
sincere  Christian. 

McINTOSII,  William,  general,  an  Indian 
thief,  was  one  of  the  three  great  chiefs  of  the 
Creeks ;  the  others  were  Big  Warrior,  and  Little 
Prince,  who  died  in  April,  1828.  —  lie  was  about 
six  feet  in  height,  dignified,  generous,  brave,  and 
temiicratc;  and  the  only  chief  who  could  con- 
verse in  Knglish  with  facility.  About  the  year 
1820  he  was  lulled  by  his  tribe  on  the  charge  of 
treachery,  in  bargaining  away  their  territory  to 
the  whites.  A  chief,  who  assisted  in  killing  him, 
made  this  speech :  "  Brothers !  Mcintosh  is  dead. 
He  broke  the  law  of  the  nation, — the  law  which 
ho  made  himself.  His  face  was  turned  to  the 
white  men,  who  wish  to  take  our  land  from  us. 
His  back  was  to  his  own  pcojile.  His  cars  were 
shut  to  the  cries  of  our  women  and  children. 
His  heart  was  estranged  from  us.  The  words  of 
his  talk  were  deceitful.  They  came  to  us  like  the 
sickly  breeze,  that  flies  over  the  marsh  of  the 
great  river." 

McINTOSII,  DuxcAX,  a  noble  philanthropist, 
a  native  of  Scotland  and  an  American  citizen, 
died  at  Aux  Caycs  in  Nov.,  1820.  At  the  Revo- 
lution in  St.  Domingo  he  was  living  there,  a  mer- 
chant of  immense  wealth  acquired  by  trade  j  he 
might  have  withdrawn,  and  secured  his  property ; 
but  he  remained,  and  sacrificed  his  estate  and 
risked  his  life  in  the  sacred  cause  of  humanity. 
When  four  hundred  thousand  ignorant  slaves  had 


McKRtVN. 

I  broken  their  chains  nnd  were  devastating  tho 
island  and  thirsting  for  the  blood  of  the  whole 
French  jiopulation,  and  when  all  were  flying  for 
I  safety,  there  was  found  one  man,  who  remained 
I  as  the  preserver  and  benefactor  of  the  miserable. 
With  his  gold  he  bought  the  victims  out  of  the 
hands  of  the  executioners ;  others  ho  rescued  by 
force.  In  defiance  of  the  decree  of  death  against 
those  who  should  conceal  the  French,  he  main- 
tained them  three  months  in  the  places  where 
they  were  concealed.  More  than  once  was  he 
thrown  into  a  dungeon ;  but  on  recovering  his 
freedom  he  engaged  with  new  ardor  in  the  work 
of  benevolence.  During  the  revolutionary  storm, 
of  seven  or  eight  months'  continuance,  he  was 
able,  by  his  indefatigable  exertions,  to  save,  in 
vessels  which  ho  freighted  for  that  purpose,  more 
than  nine  hundred  men  and  fifteen  hundred  wo- 
men and  children.  While  the  heart  is  susceptible 
of  the  emotions  of  gratitude  and  admiration  to- 
wards men  of  great  virtues  and  heroic  benevo- 
lence, the  name  of  Mcintosh  will  not  be  forgotten. 
—  Portfolio,  new  series,  l.  285-297. 

McINTOSII,  Axx,  Mrs.,  died  in  Mcintosh 
county,  Georgia,  in  1833,  aged  100.  Her  jiarents, 
before  her  birth,  came  to  Georgia  with  Gen. 
Oglethorpe. 

^IcIN'i'YRE,  Jonx,  a  Presbyterian  ministe:-, 
died  in  Robinson,  S.  C,  Nov.  17,  1852,  aged  102. 

McJIMSEY,  Joiix,  D.  D.,  died  in  Ncwburgh, 
N.  Y.,  Aug.  27,  1854,  aged  82 :  he  was  of  Craw- 
ford, Orange  county. 

McKEAN,  Thomas,  governor  of  Pennsylvania, 
a  patriot  of  the  Revolution,  died  June  24,  1817, 
aged  83.  He  was  the  son  of  William  M.,  an 
Irishman,  who  settled  in  New  London,  Penn.;  and 
was  born  March  10,  1734.  He  was  educated  in 
the  excellent  school  of  Dr.  Allison,  at  New  Lon- 
don. Having  studied  law  in  Newcastle,  he  settled 
ill  that  county.  He  was  a  member  of  the  legis- 
ture  in  1762;  of  the  congress  of  1765;  and  of 
that  of  1774,  having  his  residence  at  this  period 
at  Philadelphia.  He  remained  in  congress  as  a 
delegate  from  Delaware  from  1774  to  1783;  yet 
was  he  at  the  same  time  chief  justice  of  I'cnusyl- 
vania  from  1777,  being  claimed  by  both  States. 
He  was  present  in  congress  July  4,  1776,  and 
voted  for  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  and 
signed  it  as  engrossed,  Aug.  2d,  yet  in  the  printed 
journal  his  name  was  omitted.  The  subsequent 
signers,  who  were  not  present  July  4th,  were  Mr. 
Thornton,  B.  Rush,  G.  Clymer,  J.  Smith,  G.  Tay- 
lor, and  G.  Ross.  As  a  member  of  the  conven- 
tion of  Pennsylvania,  he  urged  the  adoption  of 
the  constitution.  In  1799  he  succeeded  Mr.  Mif- 
flin as  governor,  and  remained  in  office  till  1808, 
when  he  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Snyder.  In  his 
politics  he  accorded  with  Jeflferson.  After  the 
close  of  1808  he  passed  his  days  in  retirement. 
As  chief  justice  for  twenty-two  years  he  was  very 


\ 


McKEAN. 


McKINSTRY. 


569 


eminent.  Ilis  decisions  were  accurate  and  pro- 
found, lie  once  Imd  occasion  to  say,  "  No  act 
of  my  public  life  was  ever  done  from  a  corru])t 
motive,  nor  without  a  deliberate  opinion  that  the 
act  was  ijrojier  and  laM-ful  in  itself." —  Ooodrk''. 

McKEAN,  JosKi-n,  1).  1).,  LL.  1).,  professor 
of  rhetoric  and  oratory  at  Harvard  colle<;e,  died 
March  17,  1818,  aj^edll.  lie  was  born  at  Ips- 
wich April  19,  177G.  His  father  was  Wm.  M., 
a  native  of  Glasgow ;  his  mother  was  a  daufjhtcr 
of  Dr.  Joscjjh  Manninj;  of  Ipswich.  Ilavin;; 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1794,  he  for  a 
few  years  taught  a  school  in  Ipswich  and  the 
academy  in  Berwick.  In  Nov.,  1797,  he  was  or- 
dained as  the  minister  of  Milton;  his  infirm 
health  induced  him  to  ask  a  dismission,  Oct.  3, 
1804.  He  afterwards  engaged  in  the  business  of 
instruction  at  Boston.  He  was  inaugurated  Oct. 
31,  1809,  as  professor  of  oratory  at  Cambridge, 
in  which  office  lie  was  industrious  and  punctual. 
It  was  with  liim  a  maxim,  that  what  was  worth 
doing  at  all  was  worth  doing  well.  He  died  at 
Havana,  whither  he  went  for  his  health  in  conse- 
quence of  a  pulmonary  complaint,  trusting  in  the 
mercy  of  God  through  the  merits  of  his  Son. 
His  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Maj.  Swasey  of  Ips- 
wich. Prof.  McKean  possessed  a  powerful  mind, 
and  was  an  impressive  orator.  He  was  an  effi- 
cient member  of  the  historical  society.  He  pul> 
lished  a  valedictory  sermon,  1804;  two  fast 
sermons  on  friendship  and  patriotism,  1814;  at 
the  ordination  of  J.  B.  Wight,  1815  ;  of  N.  L. 
Frothingham,  1815 ;  on  the  death  of  John  War- 
ren, 1815 ;  at  the  installation  of  Dr.  Kichmond, 
1817;  memoir  of  John  Eliot,  in  liist.  collections; 
addition  to  Wood's  continuation  of  Goldsmith's 
England. 

McKEAN,  Joseph  W.,  M.  D.,  died  in  Bos- 
ton in  1839,  aged  39.  He  was  the  son  of  Pro- 
fessor M.,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1819. 
At  the  medical  college  of  Vermont  ho  gave  a 
course  of  lectures.  Ue  was  found  dead  in  his 
chair. 

McKEE,  Robert,  Episcopal  minister,  died 
at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  in  1840,  aged  41. 

McKEEN,  Joseph,  D.  D.,  first  president  of 
Bowdoin  college,  died  July  15,  1807,  aged  49. 
He  was  born  at  Londonderry,  N.  H.,  Oct.  15, 
1757.  His  immediate  ancestors  were  from  the 
north  of  Ireland,  though  of  Scotch  descent.  He 
was  graduated  at  Dartmouth  college  in  1774, 
having  evinced  while  in  that  seminary  a  decided 
predilection  for  mathematical  pursuits.  After 
eight  years'  employment  in  a  school  in  his  native 
town,  and  after  being  some  time  an  assistant  in 
the  academy  at  Andover,  he  directed  his  atten- 
tion to  theology,  and  was  ordained  successor  of 
Dr.  Willard,  as  pastor  of  the  church  in  Beverly, 
in  May,  1785.  Here  he  continued  with  reputa- 
tion and  usefulness  seventeen  years.  Being  cho- 
72 


sen  president  of  Bowdoin  college,  which  had 
l)een  incor])oratt'd  eight  years,  but  had  not  yet 
been  carried  into  ojicration,  he  was  inducted  into 
that  important  office  Sept.  '1,  1802.  He  died  of 
the  dro])sy,  leaving  the  seminary,  over  which  he 
had  presided,  in  a  very  flourishing  condition. 
His  widow  died  in  1834.  He  possessed  a  strong 
and  discriminating  mind,  his  manners  were  con- 
ciliating though  dignified,  and  his  spirit  mild 
though  firm  and  decided.  He  was  indefatigable 
in  his  exertions  to  j)ri»mote  the  interests  of  sci- 
ence and  religion.  He  was  ros])ectable  for  hia 
learning  and  exeni])lary  for  his  Christian  virtues, 
being  pious  without  ostentation,  and  adhering  to 
evangelical  truth  without  l)igotry  or  superstition. 
He  published  a  sermon  at  the  fast,  1793;  at  the 
ordination  of  Ilufus  Anderson,  1794;  of  A. 
Moore,  1790  ;  two  discourses  on  the  fast,  1798; 
at  the  election,  1800 ;  at  the  fast,  1801 ;  and  some 
papers  in  the  transactions  of  the  American  acad- 
emy ;  his  inaugural  address,  with  Mr  Jcnks' 
eulogy,  1802. 

McKEEN,  Joseph,  LL.  D.,  died  in  New 
York  April  12,  1850,  aged  04.  Bom  in  Ver- 
mont, he  came  to  New  York  in  1818,  and  was  for 
some  years  a  private  teacher,  then  ])rincipal  of 
the  school  in  Mott  street,  then  county  superin- 
tendent. He  also  edited  an  educational  journal, 
and  was  zealously  engaged  in  the  Sunday-school 
cause  J  being  highly  esteemed  for  his  ability,  dili- 
gence, and  efficiency,  and  for  the  amenities  of  his 
character. 

McKEMIE,  Francis,  the  first  Presbyterian 
preacher  in  the  city  of  New  York,  was  impris- 
oned by  the  governor  and  company,  for  his 
preaching  in  a  private  house  in  Jan.,  1707.  He 
was  confined  two  months  before  he  was  admitted 
to  bail ;  the  costs  amounted  to  200  or  300  dollars. 
The  next  year  Mr.  Anderson  was  settled  in  Wall 
street  church.  —  Amer.  Quar.  Register,  VIII.  323. 

McKENDKEE,  William,  senior  Methodist 
bishop,  died  in  Tennessee  March  5, 1835,  aged  77. 

McKINLEY,  Joiix,  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  the  United  States,  died  in  1852.  He  was 
born  in  Virginia. 

McKINLEY,  D^VNiffl-,  D.  D.,  died  at  Cham- 
bcrslnirg,  Pcnn.,  Dec.  7,  1855. 

McKINSTRY,  JoiLV,  minister  of  Ellington, 
Conn.,  died  in  1754,  aged  77.  He  was  a  Scotch- 
man, graduated  at  Edinburgh  in  1712.  He  was 
the  pastor  of  Sutton,  Mass.,  from  1720  to  1728 ; 
then  of  Ellington  from  1730  to  1740,  when  ho 
resigned  his  place. 

McKINSTRY,  John,  minister  in  Springfield, 
Mass.,  son  of  the  preceding,  died  Nov.  9,  1813, 
aged  nearly  90.  lie  graduated  at  Yale  in  1746 ; 
was  ordained  at  Chicopee,  the  fifth  parish  in 
Springfield,  in  1752 ;  and  was  dismissed  on  ac- 
count of  ill  health  in  1789.  His  successor  was 
Alexander  Fhucuix. 


670 


Mcknight. 


McKXIOIIT,  Cii\iii-Ks,  M.  D.,  a  physician, 
of  Irish  dcHcoiit,  died  in  1790.  Uffcd  40.  Ho  was 
born  in  Crant)ury,  New  Jersey,  Oct.  10,  \1'A),  and 
graduated  at  Princeton  college  in  1771.  He 
studied  medicine  withDr.  Sliii)])on.  In  the  Hev- 
olutionary  war  he  was  the  senior  surgeon  of  the 
flying  hospital  in  the  middle  dcjjartment.  After 
the  war  he  settled  in  New  York,  where  he  deliv- 
ered lectures  on  anatomy  and  surgery.  His  wife 
was  Mrs.  Litchfield,  daughter  of  John  M.  Scott. 
He  published  a  jjaper  in  memoirs  of  London 
medical  society,  iv. 

McLEAN,  Laugiilin,  Dr.,  a  Scotchman,  came 
to  this  country  about  1740,  and  died  at  an 
advanced  age.  Ho  lived  in  Wethersfield  and 
Hartford,  and  was  an  ornament  of  liis  profes- 
sion. 

McLean,  ALEX^iNDEn,  a  faithful  missionary 
in  Maine,  died  at  Newcastle  Jan.  11,  1808,  aged 
63.  Born  in  the  island  of  Skye  in  Scotland,  he 
was  educated  at  Aberdeen.  He  came  to  this 
country  in  1770,  and  was  settled  in  IJristol,  Me., 
from  1773  to  about  1798,  when  he  became  a  mis- 
sionary, employed  by  the  society  for  propagating 
the  gospel.  In  its  service  lie  toiled  zealously  in 
the  destitute  settlements  of  the  district  of  Maine 
during  the  rest  of  his  life.  He  was  plain  and 
earnest  in  his  preaching,  zealous  for  the  ancient 
doctrines  of  grace.  The  people  of  his  first  charge 
begged  his  body,  and  he  was  buried  at  Bristol. 
They  remembered  with  gratitude  his  labors. 

McLEAN,  John,  a  merchant  of  Boston,  died 
in  Oct.,  1823,  aged  C4.  He  once  foiled  for  a 
large  sum,  and  was  reduced  to  the  necessity  of 
resorting  to  the  bankrupt  act.  Afterwards,  while 
he  was  in  Italy  for  his  health,  he  engaged  in  such 
commercial  pursuits  as  enabled  him  to  acquire 
a  large  fortune.  Having  thus  the  ability,  he 
honorably  paid  all  his  old  creditors,  although 
they  had  no  legal  claims  upon  him.  In  his  last 
■will,  after  providing  for  his  wife,  Ann  Amory,  he 
bequeathed  the  large  sum  of  100,000  dollars  to 
the  Massachusetts  general  hosjiital  in  Boston ; 
also  50,000  dollars  to  the  hosj)ital  and  to  Harvard 
university,  on  the  death  of  an  individual. 

McLEAN,  Ferguson,*  died  at  Clear  Creek, 
Warren  county,  Ohio,  in  Feb.,  1837,  aged  91. 
He  was  the  father  of  Judge  McLean,  and  a  i)ion- 
eer  in  the  settlement  of  the  Miami  valley, 
removing  to  that  jjlace  in  1797.  His  son  Wil- 
liam, a  member  of  congress,  died  in  1839. 

McLEOI),  Alex.\nder,  1).  1).,  pastor  of  the 
first  reformed  Presbyterian  church  in  New  York, 
died  Feb.  17,  1833,  aged  08.  He  was  the  son  of 
Rev.  Niel  M.  of  St.  Kilda.  He  came  to  this 
country  at  the  age  of  eighteen,  and  was  educated 
at  Union  college,  Schenectady ;  with  a  minister 
in  the  neigliborhood  he  studied  theology ;  settled 
in  early  life  in  New  York,  he  formed  the  clerical 
asBociatiou  wiUi  liis  brethren,  Liviugston,  Linn, 


McNEIL. 

Abeel,  Tlogcrs,  Miller,  and  Romcyn,  and  Dr.  Ma- 
son. He  married  in  180,5  Mary  Anne  Agnew, 
the  daughter  of  one  of  his  elders;  his  son,  John 
\.  M.,  1).  ]).,  succeeded  him.  A  synod  was 
formed,  of  tiiree  ])resbyteries,  the  northern,  mid- 
dle, and  southern,  in  1809.  His  disease  was  nn 
enlargement  of  the  heart  and  drojisy  in  the 
chest.  In  ills  last  sickness  he  was  jieacefiil  and 
ha])])y  ;  he  said,  with  tears,  "  I  have  always  loved 
to  jireach  Christ."  ITo  wa"  a  powerful  iireaclicr, 
a  man  of  learning  and  wisdom,  and  a  devout 
Christian.  He  jjublisiied  negro  slavery  unjustifi- 
able, 1802  ;  Messiah,  1803;  on  the  ministry,  ISOS  ; 
catechism,  1807;  life  and  power  of  godliness,  a 
series  of  sermons,  1810;  he  assisted  Dr.  Mason 
in  the  Christian  magazine,  and  wrote  tlie  articles 
on  the  atonement ;  lectures  on  the  book  of  Iteve- 
lations,  1814;  sermons  on  the  war,  1815  ;  sermons 
on  true  godliness ;  articles  for  tlie  evangelical 
guardian  and  review,  1817-18;  reformation  prin- 
ciples ;  and  other  pieces.  A  large  memoir  of 
him,  by  Dr.  S.  B.  Wylie,  was  published  in  1855, 
with  a  fine  portrait. 

McLEOD,  John,  died  in  Washington  in  1840, 
aged  about  80.  Born  in  Ireland,  he  was  for  forty 
years  a  teacher  in  Washington. 

McMAHON,  Bautiiolomew  A.,  assistant  min- 
ister of  St.  Peter's  church,  New  York,  died  July 
18,  1800,  aged  44.  A  native  of  Ireland,  he  lived 
nearly  twenty  years  in  Italy  ;  but  on  his  return 
was  compelled  to  flee  to  this  country  for  sal'efy. 
In  the  epidemic  of  1799  he  remained,  at  his  j)ost, 
ministering  to  the  sick.  He  ])ubiislied  in  Italy 
several  books  in  the  Italian  language. 

McMAHON,  Bernard,  a  gardener  and  florist, 
founded  in  1809  a  botanic  garden  near  Philadel- 
phia, and  died  in  Sept.,  1816.  He  published  the 
American  gardener's  calendar,  1806. 

McMANUS,  John,  died  at  Brunswick,  Maine, 
in  1843,  aged  83.  He  was  at  the  surrender  of 
Burgoync,  and  received  at  Cherry  Valley  a  wound 
which  made  him  lame  for  life. 

McMillan,  Whxiaji,  D.  D.,  died  at  New 
Athens,  Ohio,  April  11,  1832,  aged  52. 

McMILLAX,  John,  I).  I).,  died  at  Canons- 
burg,  Pcnn.,  Nov.  16,  1833,  aged  80. 

McMUIlBAY,  William,  D.  D.,  died  at  New 
York  Sept.  24,  1833,  aged  50.  He  was  of  the 
Dutch  church. 

McNAIH,  ALEX.VNDER,  governor,  died  in  Mis- 
souri in  May,  1826.  He  was  among  the  first 
American  settlers  in  Missouri,  and  took  the  field 
in  defence  of  the  frontiers  against  the  Fava^'es. 
He  held  various  offices,  and  an  important  station 
in  the  Indian  department.  He  died  of  a  pie- 
vailing  influenza. 

McNeil,  Henry,  general,  died  in  Clinton 
county,  N.  Y.,  May  16,  1844,  aged  81.  He  was 
a  soldier  under  Washington. 

McNEIL,  William  0.,  general,  died  in  Brook- 


McNurr. 

Ijn,  N.  Y.,  in  1853,  nRcd  51.  Kducatcd  at  West 
I'oiiit,  he  devoted  liimself  for  years  to  the  iiiir- 
guits  of  an  eii;,'iiieer,  Imildiu;^  railroads  and  tlie 
dry  dock  at  Hiooklyn. 

McNU'lT,  Ai.DXA.Mir.R  G.,  governor  of  Missis- 
giljpi,  died  in  I)e  Soto  county,  in  1818,  nj^ed  47. 
He  was  born  inVirj^inia,  and  (;raduate<l  at  Wash- 
infjton  collej^e.  lie  was  chosen  goveriwir  in  1837 
and  ISIJ'J.  It  is  mentioned,  to  his  honor,  that 
nllhougii  in  earlier  life  lie  was  intomijcrate,  yet 
that  ho  corrected  his  vices  and  {gained  f^eneral 
CBteeni.     As  a  stuuij)  orator  he  had  no  sui)crior. 

McPIIKETEUS,  William,  1).  I).,  died  at 
Raleigh,  N.  C,  in  1812,  aged  04.  lie  was  a  theo- 
logian, a  scholar,  and  a  successful  teacher. 

Mcl'lIEllSOX,  general,  died  in  Philadelphia 
in  1813.  lie  fought  under  Lafayette  in  Virginia, 
in  1781. 

McSPARllAN,  James,  D.  T).,  an  eloquent 
Eijiscopal  minister  in  Rhode  Island,  died  at  his 
house  in  South  Kingston  Dec.  1,  1757.  His 
family  was  Scotch,  of  tlie  north  of  Ireland.  lie 
came  as  a  missionary  to  Narraganset,  as  Kings- 
ton was  called,  in  1721.  There  was  in  1720  no 
I'.piscopal  church  in  Providence.  Mr.  Gay  was 
liis  ])redecessor,  employed  about  1717  by  the 
society  for  propagating  the  gospel.  lie  published 
a  sermon  on  tlie  Christian  priesthood,  and  a  his- 
torical tract,  entitled,  America  dissected,  1752. — 
Vpdike's  Hist.  Xarradve;  Cijcl.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

McVAY,  Hugh,  governor  of  Alabama,  died 
in  1851,  aged  84.  For  thirty  years  he  was  con- 
nected with  tlie  legislation  of  Alabama. 

^IcWILEIAMS,  Alexa-NDKu,  M.  I).,  died  at 
Washington  March  31,  1850,  aged  75.  lie  was 
in  the  navy  from  1801  to  180G ;  afterwards  a 
jjliysician  in  Washington ;  the  founder  of  the 
Columbian  institute  ;  a  man  generous  and  worthy. 

MEACIIAM,  Josicpii,  minister  of  Coventry, 
Conn.,  died  in  1752,  aged  06.  Born  in  Enfield, 
Conn.,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1710,  and 
was  settled  in  1814.  —  Bpraijiie's  Annals. 

MEACIIAM,  J.  B.,  for  thirty  years  a  Baptist 
colored  minister  at  St.  Louis,  died  in  his  pulpit 
Feb.  20,  1854.  He  was  a  man  of  eminent  piety 
and  useftdness. 

MI-IACHAM,  James,  member  of  congress,  died 
at  Middlcbury,  Vt.,  Aug.  23,  1850,  from  conges- 
tion of  the  brain  and  lungs.  •  He  was  for  a  while 
the  minister  of  New  Haven,  Vt.,  and  a  professor 
in  Middlcbury  college.  On  the  announcement 
of  his  death  to  the  house  of  representatives,  they 
adjourned  for  the  day,  neglecting  the  public  busi- 
ness, yet  receiving  their  pay,  amounting  to  2400 
dollars  or  more,  for  doing  nothing.  Such  a  cus- 
tom of  adjournment  for  the  death  of  a  meml)er 
does  not  exist  in  the  British  house  of  commons. 
MEAD,  JoiiN,  general,  died  at  Meadville, 
Pcnn.,in  1810,  aged  04. 

MEAD,  Asa,  ininister  of  Brunswick,  Maine, 


MEGAPOLENSIS.  571 

died  Oct.  20,  1831,  aged  39.  He  wna  bom  at 
Meredith,  X.  H.,  in  1702,  and  graduated  atDart- 
niouth  college  in  1818.  His  father  was  a  Baj)- 
tist.  He  studied  theology  at  Andovcr,  was 
ordained  at  Brunswick  in  Dec.,  1822,  and  dis- 
missed in  1829.  After  toiling  for  a  few  months 
as  an  agent  of  the  temperance  and  peace  societies, 
he  was  installed  Aug.  18,  1830,  at  East  Hartford, 
Conn.,  where  he  died  of  the  typlnis  fever.  His 
mind  was  vigorous,  and  he  was  consjiicuous  for 
industry.  He  always  kept  several  sermons  on 
hand,  which  he  had  never  jireachcd,  and  prepared 
his  discourses  for  the  Sabliath  before  the  end  of 
the  week.  While  on  a  journey  to  Maine  a  short 
time  before  he  died,  he  wrote  five  or  six  sermons. 
He  died  in  ])eace  and  hope.  His  son,  John  Moo- 
ney,  nearly  five  years  old,  a  child  of  great  promise 
and  undoubted  piety,  died  April  8,  1831.  He 
published  a  discourse  before  the  Cumberland  con- 
ference, 1820 ;  a  call  to  the  temperate,  1827  ;  a 
sermon  before  the  Hartford  county  j)eacc  society, 
1831 ;  a  memoir  of  John  Mooney  Mead,  pp.  92, 
1831. 

MEAD,  Stitu,  a  Methodist  minister,  died  in 
Amherst,  Virginia,  in  1834,  aged  07. 

MEAD,  SuAUUACii,  Dr.,  died  at  Greenwich, 
Conn.,  Sept.  10,  1850,  aged  80.  He  was  a  grad- 
uate of  Yale  in  1779;  and  a  devoted  Christian. 

MEADJ;,  William,  M.  D.,  a  mineralogist, 
died  in  Newburgh,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  19, 1833. 

MEANS,  RoBEKT,  colonel,  died  at  Amherst, 
N.  II.,  in  1823,  aged  80.  Born  in  Ireland,  he 
came  to  this  country  in  1790,  and  acquired  a 
large  projjerty  as  a  merchant.  His  wife  was 
Mary,  daughter  of  Rev.  David  McGregore.  His 
sons  were  Thomas,  David  M.,  and  Robert;  and 
of  bis  daughters,  Mary  married  Jeremiah  Mason  ; 
Elizabeth  married  Jesse  Appleton ;  and  Nancy 
married  Caleb  Ellis,  also  Amos  Lawrence. 

^lEANS,  IloBEUT,  died  at  Columbii.,  S.  C, 
Jan.  20,  1830.  He  was  the  minister  of  Fairfield 
district.  He  published  several  sermons,  and  an 
essay  on  the  Pentateuch,  in  answer  to  Dr.  Thomas 
Cooper. 

MEEKER,  JoTiiAM,  a  missionary  among  the 
Choctaws  for  thirty  years,  died  Jan.  11,  1855,  at 
Ottawa.  He  died  in  peace,  offering  a  prayer, 
clasping  his  hands  across  his  breast,  and  closing 
his  eyes. 

MEETZ,  J.  Y.,  a  minister,  died  at  Lexington 
district,  S.  C,  in  1833,  aged  70. 

MEGAPOLENSIS,  Joiix,  Jr.,  a  minister  of 
the  Dutch  church  in  New  York,  died  in  1609,  or 
before.  He  came  from  Holland  at  the  age  of  39, 
and  took  charge  of  the  Dutch  cluirch  at  Rens- 
selaerswyck,  or  Albany,  in  1042.  He  resigned 
his  charge  in  July,  1049,  and  was  settled  in  New 
Amsterdam,  or  New  York.  In  1052  he  was 
joined  by  a  colleague,  Samuel  Drisius ;  and  by 
his  own  son,  Samuel,  M.  D.,  in  1662.    The  inbab- 


572 


MEIGS. 


MELLEN. 


itants  in  New  York  were  fifteen  hundred  In  lGfl4, 
when  the  city  surrendered  to  Col.  Xicolls.  He 
wrote  an  account  of  tlie  Molmwlt  Indians,  1044. 
A  trauNlntion  m  in  Hazard,  l.  611-02G. 

MEIGS,  IlETruN  Jonathan,  colonel,  a  hero 
of  the  Kcvolution,  died  in  1823,  aged  82.  He 
was  probably  o  descendant  of  John  ^I.,  who 
lived  in  Weymouth  in  ICllj  and  was  born 
in  Middletown,  Conn.,  in  1710.  In  Vilf), 
immediately  after  the  battle  of  Lexington,  he 
inarched  n  comjjany  of  light  infantry  to  the 
neighborhood  of  Uoston.  With  the  rank  of  ma- 
jor, he  accompanied  Arnold  in  his  march  through 
the  wilderness  of  Maine  in  order  to  attack  Que- 
bec. His  printed  journal  gives  tlie  best  account 
of  this  expedition.  In  the  assault  on  Quebec  by 
Montgomery  and  Arnold,  at  the  close  of  the  year, 
he  was  made  a  prisoner,  with  Captains  Morgan 
and  Dearborn.  In  1770  he  was  exchanged  and 
returned  home,  and  the  next  year  was  appointed 
colonel.  His  expedition  to  Long  Island  in  May, 
1777,  was  one  of  the  most  brilliant  enterprises 
of  the  war,  for  which  he  received,  Aug.  3,  the 
thanks  of  congress  and  a  sword.  At  the  head 
of  a  few  companies  he  attacked  the  British  troops 
at  Sagg  Harbor  with  fixed  bayonets,  made  ninety 
prisoners,  and  destroyed  twelve  vessels  and  much 
forage,  without  the  loss  of  a  man.  In  1779  he 
commanded  a  regiment  under  AVayne  at  the  cap- 
ture of  Stony  Point,  and  was  honorably  men- 
tioned by  Washington.  After  the  war,  about 
1788  or  1789,  he  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of 
the  wilderness  of  Ohio.  For  the  first  emigrants 
he  drew  up  a  system  of  regulations,  which  were 
posted  on  a  large  oak  near  the  confluence  of  the 
Ohio  and  Muskingum  rivers,  the  bark  of  the  tree 
being  cut  away  for  the  space  of  the  sheet.  Often 
was  the  venerable  oak  consulted.  He  was  the 
agent  for  Indian  afiairs  as  early  as  1810.  He 
died  at  the  Cherokee  agency.  The  true  origin 
of  his  name  is  of  more  interest  than  the  reason 
why  Mr.  Preserved  Fish  was  so  called.  His 
father  lived  in  Middletown,  Conn.  When  a 
young  man,  seeking  a  companion  for  life,  he 
addressed  a  fair  Quaker  at  Middlefield,  in  his 
neighborhood.  He  was  unsuccessful,  and  repeat- 
edly rejected.  She  said,  "Nay,  Jonathan,  I 
respect  thee  much ;  but  I  cannot  marry  thee,  for 
'  better  is  a  dinner  of  herbs  with  contentment, 
tlian  a  stalled  ox  and  contention  therewith.'" 
But  at  length,  as  Jonathan  had  some  spirit  and 
wisdom  as  well  as  love,  he  told  Ruth  plainly  it 
was  his  last  visit.  As  ho  slowly  mounted  his 
horse  the  relenting  lady  beckoned  to  him  to  stop, 
saying  sweetly,  "  lleturn,  Jonathan  !  return,  Jon- 
athan!" These,  the  happiest  words  he  ever 
heard,  induced  him  to  call  his  first-^  i  son 
Betum  Jonathan.  His  journal  of  the  expedition 
to  Quebec,  Irom  Sept.  9,  1775,  to  Jan.  1,  1770,  is 
published  in  American  remembrancer  for  1776; 


in  2  hist.  coll.  ii.  227-247  j  and  a  summary  of 
it  in  Maine  hist.  coll.  I. 

MEIGS,  Ili,nn.v  Jonatha-V,  governor  of 
Ohio,  son  of  the  preceding,  died  in  1825.  lie 
succeeded  Mr.  Huntington  as  governor  in  1810, 
and  remained  in  oflice  until  he  was  ajijjointcd 
postmaster-general,  in  the  place  of  Mr.  Grongcr, 
in  Feb.,  1814.  He  was  succeeded  by  John  Mc- 
Lean in  1823.    He  died  at  Marietta. 

MEIGS,  John,  major,  died  at  New  Hartford 
in  1820,  aged  75 ;  an  officer  of  the  Kcvolution,  in 
service  seven  years. 

MELCHEIl,  JouN,  died  at  Portsmouth,  N.  H., 
June  9,  1850,  aged  90.  He  was  a  printer.  Ho 
commenced  the  Portsmouth  Journal  in  1793  j  he 
printed  the  State  laws  and  many  books. 

MELISII,  John,  n  geograjjhcr,  was  a  native  of 
Scotland  ;  came  to  this  country  in  1809  ;  and  died 
at  Philadelphia,  Dec.  30,  1822,  aged  52.  He 
published  travels  in  the  United  States,  and  in 
Great  Britain  and  Canada,  2  vols.  8vo.,  1812;  a 
description  of  the  roads,  etc.,  1814;  traveller's 
directory,  1815;  description  of  the  United  StatWi, 
1810 ;  universal  school  geography  and  atlas ;  the 
necessity  of  protecting  manufactures,  1818;  maps 
of  Pennsylvania  and  of  the  United  States ;  infor- 
mation to  emigrants,  1819. 

!MELLEN,  John,  minister  of  Sterling,  Mass., 
died  July  4,  1807,  aged  85.  He  was  born  at 
Ilopkinton,  March  25,  1722,  and  was  graduated 
at  Harvard  college  in  1741.  He  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  church  in  Lancaster,  now  Sterling, 
Dec.  19,  1744.  His  connection  with  his  society 
was  dissolved  in  consequence  of  disputes,  oc- 
casioned princii)ally  by  his  endeavors  to  maintain 
what  he  considered  the  order  of  the  churches.  In 
1784  he  became  the  minister  of  Hanover,  Mass., 
where  he  continued  to  discharge  the  duties  of  the 
sacred  office  until  Feb.,  1805,  when  his  infirmities 
induced  him  to  relinquish  it.  He  soon  removed 
to  Reading,  and  closed  a  long  and  useful  life  in 
the  house  of  his  daughter,  the  relict  of  Caleb 
Prentiss.  His  sons  were  John;  Henry,  a  law- 
yer and  poet,  who  died  at  Dover,  N.  IL,  July  31, 
1809,  agAi  51  j  and  Prentiss,  chief  justice  of 
Maine,  who  was  born  in  1704.  He  was  respect- 
able in  his  profession,  and  many  had  an  afiection- 
ate  remembrance  of  his  faithful  labors  as  a  min- 
ister of  the  gospel.  He  published  a  sermon  at 
the  ordination  of  J.  Palmer,  1753  ;  at  a  general 
muster,  1756;  on  the  mortal  sickness  among  his 
people,  1756;  on  the  conquest  of  Canada,  17G0; 
on  the  death  of  S.  Smith,  1705 ;  religion  produc- 
tive of  music  J  at  the  ordination  of  Levi  Whit- 
man, 1785 ;  on  the  duty  of  maldng  a  profession 
of  Christianity;  fifteen  discourses  on  doctrinal 
subjects,  with  practical  improvements,  Svo.,  1765. 

MELLEN,  JoiiN,  minister  of  Barnstable,  son 
of  the  preceding,  was  born  July  8,  1752 ;  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  college  in  1770;  was  ordained 


MELLEN. 


MERCER. 


573 


Nov.  12,  1783  ;  and  died  nt  CambridRP,  Sept.  19, 
182H,  aj{pd  70.  Olio  of  his  daufjlitcrs  mnrrii'd 
I'roi".  Frishio.  llo  ])ul)lished  a  sermon  on  tlif 
death  of  I.  Dunsler,  17!M  ;  masonic  discourse, 
1703;  at  thanksgiviiipf,  1791  and  17!)"))  at  a 
dedication,  1795;  at  the  election,  1797  ;  Dudleiiin 
lecture,  1799  ;  on  the  death  of  Mrs.  Aldcn,  1797  ; ' 
of]).  Davis,  1799. 

MELIiF.N,  Hkxky,  a  poet,  brotlier  of  Judge 
Mellen,  died  at  Dover,  N.  II.,  July  31,  1809,  ajjed 
CI.  lie  was  horn  at  Stcrlinjj,  Oct.  21,  17tj7; 
pradimted  at  Harvard  college  in  17H4;  'and, 
having  studied  law,  settled  at  Dover.  He  wrote 
poj)ular  songs.  A  collection  of  his  poems  was 
pul)lishcd. 

MELLEX,  PnKXTiss,  LL.  D.,  chief  justice  of 
Maine,  died  Dec.  31,  1840,  aged  70.  He  was  the 
son  of  Rev.  John  M.,  and  was  bom  at  Sterling, 
Mass.,  Oct.  11,  1704;  graduated  at  Cambridge  in 
1784 ;  practised  law  in  Sterling  and  South  Bridge- 
water,  and  removed  to  Biddcford,  Me.,  in  1792, 
and  to  Portland  in  1806.  Tic  was  iit  the  head  of 
the  bar  in  Maine.  In  1817  he  was  a  senatorof  the 
United  States ;  and  when  Maine  was  formed  into 
a  State,  in  1820,  ho  was  ajipointed  chief  justice. 
In  1834,  at  the  age  of  70,  ho  was  disqualified 
by  the  constitution ;  and,  leaving  the  bench,  he 
returned  to  the  bar.  He  was  a  trustee  of  Bow- 
doin  college.  He  died  at  Portland.  His  de- 
cisions 'nay  be  found  in  the  first  eleven  volumes 
of  the  Maine  reports. 

MELLEN,  GuENViLLE,  a  poet,  the  eldest  son 
of  Judge  M.,  died  in  New  York,  Sept.  5,  1841, 
nged  42.  He  graduated  at  Cambridge  in  1818, 
and  afterwards  studied  law,  which  he  for  a  while 
practised,  and  then  relinquished.  He  published 
various  poems  and  other  writings ;  in  1833,  the 
chief  collection  of  his  poems,  entitled  the  mar- 
tyr's triumph,  etc.  —  Cyclopedia  of  American 
Literature. 

MELVILLE,  Thomas,  major,  died  in  Boston 
Sept.  16,  1832,  aged  81.  He  was  the  son  of 
Allan,  of  Boston,  and  grandson  of  Thomas  M., 
minister  of  Leven,  in  Scotland.  His  mother  was 
Jean  Cargill,  of  Londonderry,  N.  H.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Princeton  in  1769,  and  was  a  merchant 
in  Boston,  a  patriot  and  soldier  of  the  Revolution, 
one  of  the  "Boston  tea  party"  in  Dec,  1773. 
He  served  as  a  major  in  Rhode  Island.  For 
many  years  he  was  the  naval  officer  at  Boston, 
and  surveyor.  He  was  highly  respected  as  a 
citizen  and  Christian.  Of  his  family,  a  daughter, 
who  died  perhaps  half  a  century  ago,  was  engaged 
to  marry  one  of  the  most  eminent  and  venerable 
men  of  Massachusetts  now  living ;  and  his  son 
Thomas,  who  lived  in  Pittsfield,  is  also  dead. 

MERCEIN,  Thomas  F.  Randolph,  a  Metho- 
dist minister,  died  at  Sheffield,  Mass.,  in  Sept., 
1856.  He  published  a  work  of  merit  on  natural 
goodness. 


MERCER,  John,  published  an  abridgment  of 
the  acts  of  asscmlily  of  Virginiii,  1737. 

Ml'.KCr.U,     llffiii,    brigadicr-gcncral,     died 
Jan.   19,   1777,  aged  about  .Vi.     lie  was   a  na- 
tive of  Scotland,  and*dticatcd   for   the   profes- 
sion  of  medicine.      On   his  emigration   to  this 
country  he  settled  and  married  in  Virginia.     Ho 
served  with  Washington   in  the  war  against  the 
French  and  Indians,  which  fermiiiated  in   17<)3, 
and  was  by  him  greatly  esteenu'd.     He  was  with 
Urnddoek  in  the  campaign  of  1755.     In  the  ac- 
tion at  fort  I)u  (iuesiic  he  was  wounded,  and,  faint 
with  the  loss  of  blood,  he  lay  down  under  a  fallen 
tree.     One  of  the  pursuing  Indians  jumped  upon 
the  very  tree,  but  did  not  discover  him.     Mercer 
found  a  brook,  at  which  he  refreshed  himself.     In 
his  hunger  he  fed  on  a  rattlesnake,  which  lie  had 
killed.     After  jiursuing  his  solitary  way  through 
a  wilderness  of  one  hundred  miles,  he  arrived  at 
fort  Cumberland.     At  the  commencement  of  tho 
war  of  tho  Revolution  he  abandoned  his  exten- 
sive medical  practice  and  entered  the  army.     Ho 
was  distinguished  in  the  battle  of  Trenton.    In 
the  action  near  Princeton,  Jan.  3,  1777,  he  com- 
manded the  van   of  the   Americans,  composed 
princii)ally  of  southern  militia.     While  exerting 
himself  to  rally  them,  his  horse  was  killed  under 
him.     Ho  was  surrounded  by  some  British  sol- 
diers, who  refused  him  quarter,  and  stabbed  him 
with  their  bayonets,  and  bruised  his  head  with 
the  l)utl-end  of  their  muskets,  leaving  him  on  the 
field  as  dead.    He  died  from  his  wounds.    Ho 
was  buried  at  Philadelphia;  thirty  thousand  of 
the  inhabitants  followed  him  to  the  grave.    He 
was  a  valuable  officer.    Wilkinson  regarded  him 
as  second  only  to  Washington.     He  was  well 
educated,  polished  in  manners,  gentle  and  diffi- 
dent, yet  in  the  hour  of  peril  ignorant  of  fear, 
patriotic  and  disinterested.    Provision  was  madeby 
congress,  in  1793,  for  the  education  of  his  young- 
est son,  Hugh  Mercer.    His  son.  Col.  John  M., 
who  accompanied   Monroe  to  France  as  secre- 
tary, died  Sept.  30,  1811. —  Marshall,  II.  552; 
Ilolmes. 

MERCER,  Silas,  died  ia  Georgia  in  1790, 
aged  51.  He  was  a  Baptist  minister,  born  in 
North  Carolina  in  1745 ;  about  1776  he  preached 
in  Halifax  county,  and  in  six  years  preached  more 
than  two  thousand  sermons,  more  than  one  a  day. 
At  the  close  of  the  war  he  went  again  to  Georgia, 
where  he  had  previously  lived.  He  published 
tyranny  exposed  and  true  liberty  discovered. 

MERCER,  John,  governor  of  Maryland,  died 
in  1821,  aged  04.  He  was  a  soldier  of  the  Revo- 
lution. In  1782  he  was  elected  a  delegate  to 
congress  from  Virginia ;  in  1787  he  was  a  mem- 
ber from  Maryland  of  the  convention  which 
framed  the  constitution  of  the  United  States,  and 

also  a  member  of  congress  from  Maryland.    He 

was  governor  from  1801  to  1803,  when  he  was 


674 


MERCER. 


NIERWIN. 


■uccecdcd  hy  Robert  Dowic.  lie  died  nt  Philn- 
dclphin. 

MKUC'KH,  Jlissi;,  a  Itnptist  minister,  died  in 
OeorKin  in  IHH,  licciueuthinK  Od.OOO  (IdIIiuh  to 
Mercer  university,  inul  ♦  tiie  liiUlo  and  lionie 
mlNKiiinary  and  other  cliaritalile  Hocietien. 

MEUIAM,  Jonas,  minister  oF  N'ewfon,  Mass., 
died  in  1780,  aj^ed  .'iO.  Horn  in  I,exin;,'ton,  lie 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  in  ITo.'J,  and  was  or- 
dained in  175S.  He  ])iili!ishe(l  a  sermon  ot  the 
ordination  of  T.  Sniitii,  ITOij  ofS.  J)ean,  ITCo. 

—  Sproi/lie's  Annals. 

MKUUIAM,  M.vrrimv,  minister  of  Ilcrwick, 
Mc.,  died  in  1707,  aged  ahout  (iO.  Horn  in  Wal- 
lingford,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  17.1!),  and  was 
ordained  in  17(W,  as  the  successor  of  J.  Morse, 
the  first  minister.     J.  Hilliard  was  his  successor. 

MEIIUICK,  Jonathan,  minister  in  IJranford, 
Conn.,  died  in  177'J,  aged  aliout  07.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  in  17l.'j,  and  was  ordained  in  1727. 

—  Hprariuc'n  Aitiialn. 

MEUllILL,  Natiiaxikl,  minister  of  Notting- 
ham West  (now  Hudson),  N.  H.,  died  in  170(), 
aged  83.  Horn  in  Newhury,  Mass.,  he  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1732  and  was  settled  in  1737. 

MElllULL,  Gylkh,  minister  of  I'laistow, 
N.  H.,  died  in  1801,  aged  G2.  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  l~oU,  and  was  ordained  the  successor 
of  James  Gushing  in  17Gii.  The  third  ])arish 
of  Haverhill,  Mass.,  was  annexed  in  1728  to 
Plaistow,  in  N.  H.  He  was  a  sound  scholar  and 
learned  divine,  Rimi)le  and  earnest.  His  sons 
were  James  C.  and  Samuel. 

MEllllKiL,  John,  for  forty  years  a  member 
of  the  Haj)tist  church  in  Topsham,  Mc.,  died  in 
1828,  aged  94.  Horn  in  Arundel,  he  came  to  T. 
in  17G0,  and  was  the  princiiial  surveyor  in  Lin- 
coln county.  He  was  a  man  of  judgment  and 
moral  worth. 

MERRILL,  Daniel,  minister  of  Sedgwick, 
Me.,  died  in  1833,  aged  about  05.  Born  in  I)an- 
vers,  he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1789;  was 
ordained  in  1793 ;  became  a  Baptist  in  1804 ;  was 
immersed  with  eighty  others,  mostly  members  of 
his  church.  May  15,  1805,  when  a  Baptist  church 
was  formed  and  he  was  re-ordaincd.  lie  pub- 
lished on  baptism  seven  sermons,  tenth  edition, 
1812;  eight  letters  on  open  communion,  180o; 
letters  occasioned  by  Worcester's  discourses; 
Balaam  disapjwinted;  thanksgivuig  sermon,  1815 ; 
ordination  of  P.  Bond,  1823;  of  J.  Billings,  1826. 

—  Sprague's  Annals. 

MERRILL,  MosKS,  preacher  to  the  Otoe  In- 
dians, died  in  1840,  aged  30.  The  son  of  Rev. 
Daniel  M.  of  Sedgwick,  Me.,  he  was  six  years  of 
the  Bajjtist  mission  in  Missouri. 

MERRILL,  Xatiianiel,  minister  of  LjTide- 
borough,  N.  II.,  died  in  1839,  aged  57.  Born  at 
Rowley,  he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1809,  and 
waa  ordained  in  1811.  —  Sprague's  Annals. 


MF.RRTLI,,  Bfnjami.n,  T.L.  P..  died  in  Salem, 
July  30,  1NI7,  iiged  03.  Horn  in  Conway,  \.  H., 
he  griduated  at  Harvard  in  ISOI.  He  \\i\n  n 
Nchoiar.  As  a  lawyer  he  was  a  jiartner  in  business 
with  Judge  Putniim  of  Salem.  He  was  a  kind 
and  generous  man,  renienihered,  not  by  any  cliil- 
dren,  but  by  the  partakers  of  his  kindness. 

.M1;RRiIJ-,  David,  died  in  IVaehnni,  Vt.,  July 
21,  IH.jO,  aged  52.  He  was  a  gniduale  of  l)art- 
nioulh  in  1H21,  and  minister  of  Trbana,  ().,  uiid 
of  I'eacham,  a  colleague  of  L.  Worcester.  Ho 
|)ublished  the  famous  "  ox  sermon"  on  temper- 
ance. The  text  is  Exod.  xxi.  20  —  "If  the  ox 
were  wont  to  |)ush  with  his  horn  in  time  past, 
and  it  hath  been  testilied  to  his  owner,  an, I  ho 
hath  not  ke])t  him  in,  but  that  he  hath  kille<|  a 
man  or  a  woman;  the  ox  shall  be  stoned,  and  his 
owner  also  Khali  be  put  to  death."  The  ox 
"  goring "  rejjresenf s  the  effect  of  the  sale  of 
spirituous  liquors,  and  the  jjermission  to  sell  is 
allowing  the  ox  to  go  abroad,  instead  of  "keep- 
ing him  in,"  etc. 

M];i{RILL,  Ei.iniAi,,  died  at  Northwood, 
N.  II.,  ]'Y-1).  7,  1853,  aged  98 ;  a  Free-will  Baptist 
minister,  a  native  of  Stratham. 

MI''RRILL,  Jami;s  Cisiiino,  a  lawyer  in  Bos- 
ton,  died  of  the  ]K\h\,  Oct.  4,  1853,  aged  (i9.  He 
was  the  son  of  Rev.  Gyles  Merrill  of  Haverhil., 
and  was  born  Sept.  27,  1784,  and  was  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1807.  He  was  nearly  twenty  years 
a  judge  of  the  police  court.  As  a  scholar  he  was 
very  skilled  in  the  Greek  language.  His  wife 
was  Anna,  a  sister  of  Leverctt  Saltonstall. 

MERRILL,  Thomas  Aiihot,  D.  1).,  died  at 
Middlebury,  Vt.,  April  29,  1855,  aged  75.  He 
was  a  graduateof  Dartmoulli  in  1801,  in  the  class 
of  Daniel  Webster,  holding  a  high  rank  as  a 
scholar.  He  was  a  tutor  both  at  Dartmouth  and 
Middlebury,  and  the  respected  and  useful  sole 
minister  of  Middlebury,  Vt.,  from  1805  to  1SJ2, 
and  senior  pastor  from  1842  till  his  death.  Dur- 
ing his  service  there  were  fifteen  revivals  of  re- 
ligion, and  ho  admitted  to  his  church  one  thou- 
sand two  hundred  and  thirty-four  members.  For 
a  long  period  his  church  consisted  of  more  than 
five  hundred  members.  Though  not  distinguished 
as  a  writer  of  sermons,  or  os  a  graceful  sjieakcr, 
ho  had  power  in  preaching,  especially  in  his  ex- 
temporaneous labors,  when  ho  was  often  bold, 
strong,  and  lofty  in  his  oratory.  He  was  a  cor- 
respondent of  Mr.  Webster,  who  highly  respected 
him. 

MERRILL,  Jonx,  ]M.  D.,  died  at  Portland, 
June  7,  1855,  aged  73.  Born  in  Conway,  lie 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1804.  He  was  a  skilful 
physician  and  a  good  citizen. 

MERWIN,  NoAii,  minister  of  Torrington, 
Conn.,  died  in  1795,  aged  about  42.  He  was  or- 
dained in  1776;  dismissed  in  1783  j  rc-scttlcd  in 
Washington,  Conn.,  in  1785. 


MERWIN. 


MIANTUXNOMU. 


575 


METIWIV,  J.  n.,  (lied  nt  Dnnhiin-.  Vt.,  Sept. 
0,  IMl,  lifted  77,  Iho  oldcut  minitti'r  in  tlii'  Troy 
Mi'lhixliitt  f'onl'crciicp.  He  linil  been  Hfty-ont' 
vciirN  a  travelling;  |iri'nclirr. 

Ml'JlWIN,  fSAMiKL.ii  ininiHtcr  in  New  Havi-n, 
died  Si>i)t.  a,  |H.J«,  n«iil  7  J.  Horn  nt  Milfnrd,  lit- 
gnidiiiitvd  ut  Yiilc  in  |H()2.  lie  studied  divinity 
will)  l>r.  Dwi^ht  nnd  Dr.  lliickn.s  of  Sonicrx,  and 
van  st'ttlt'd  in  1805  over  the  United  8otiety  or 
nortli  eliurch  in  N.  II.,  and  continued  a  liutiiful 
pastor  twcnty-Hix  yearn.  He  wan  next  for  Home 
yuiirM  the  puHtor  of  Wilton  i  then,  alnnit  the  nifv 
of  (iO,  returned  to  spend  tl>o  reninindcr  of  liin 
dayM  nt  New  Haven.  lie  often  jireaelied  in 
tlie chapel  of  the  aIniN-houHC.  lie  died  in  ])eace. 
Ho  pul)li.shed  a  half-century  Rcrmon,  which  he 
preached  in  the  nortli  ciiurch  a  few  months  hc- 
foro  liis  death.  —  Bacon's  Funeral  Sermon. 

MESSEU,  Asa,  1).  D.,  LL.  1).,  president  of 
Urown  university,  died  Oct.  11,  18;j(i,  aged  07. 
He  graduated  in  1700,  and  was  president  from 
1802  to  1820.  He  wos  of  respectable  literary 
and  scicntiflc  attainments.  He  died  as  he  lived, 
a  sincere  Christian.  He  published  an  address  to 
graduates,  1803;  discourse,  1813. 

MESSHEIMEK,  FiiicD.  Val.,  a  naturalist, 
minister  of  the  Lutheran  church  at  Hanover, 
York  county,  I'enn.,  devoted  much  time  to  the 
study  of  the  entomology  of  this  country,  but  was 
not  encouraged.  He  died  about  1814.  He  left 
a  son,  with  similar  intelligence  and  taste.  He 
published  a  catulogiic  of  insects  of  Pcnn.,  1800. 
METCALF,  Josici'il,  first  minister  of  Fal- 
mouth, Mass.,  died  May  24,  1723,  aged  41.  He 
was  born  in  Dedham,  the  son  of  Jonathan  nnd 
Hannah !  was  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1703  ;  and 
was  ordained  in  1707.  He  was  highly  respected 
and  greatly  lamented .  His  wife  was  Abiel  Ad  ams, 
daughter  of  Kev.  William  Adams  of  Dedham, 
and  grand-daughter  of  Mnj.  William  IJradford. 
His  widow  removed  to  Lebanon,  and  married 
llcv.  Isaac  Chauncey.  One  of  his  daughters 
married  llcv.  Jonathan  Lee. 

METCALF,  Jonathan,  died  at  Lebanon,  Conn. 
March  30,  1730,  aged  02,  the  son  of  Jonathan  of 
Dedham,  and  brother  of  llev.  Joseph  JL  His 
daughter,  Mary,  married  llcv.  Peter  Pratt  of 
Sharon.  He  was  a  Christian  merchant,  gener- 
ous, a  benefactor  of  the  church. 

METCALF,  William,  died  in  Lebanon  June 
15,  1773,  aged  64,  the  son  of  the  preceding.  He 
married  Abigail,  the  daughter  of  llev.  Timothy 
Edwards  ;  she  died  in  1764.  He  was  a  faithful 
magistrate,  ond  a  Christian,  who  patiently  en- 
dured long  and  extreme  pain. 

METCALFE,  Thomas,  general,  governor  of 
Kentucky,  died  in  Nicholas  county  in  1855,  aged 
75.  Born  in  Virginia,  his  parents  emigrated  to 
Kentucky.  He  served  in  the  war  of  1812,  and 
became  a  member  of  congress ;  was  chosen  gov- 


ernor in  182"!  anil  was  n  ncnntor  of  the  rniied 
States  in  INIH.  Once  an  apprentice  to  u  stoni- 
mason,  he  became  a  man  of  great  eminence  and 
intlnenre,  able,  tlrni,  e(|ual  to  ;il!  cHTanions. 

MKTI.IN,  Uiiiii.ur.  ili.d  in  Wukelleld,  N.  H., 
in  17h7,  nged  115.  When  einhly  years  old  ho 
walked  from  I'Drt^nidnih  to  ltll^t()n,  sixty  miles, 
in  one  day,  and  retnrncd  the  next. 

.MEYi;U,  Hum A.NM  H,  ||.  D.,  niinister  of  the 
reformed   Dutch  church,  died  in   1701.     lie  was 
invited  from  Holland  to  take  the  charge  of  tlio 
church  at  Kingston  or  P'lopus,  New  Y<irk.     I'pon 
his  arrival  in  lT(i2,  be  was  received  with  that  re- 
spect and  ntfection  which  were  due  to  his  charac- 
ter.    Itut  his  |)reacliing  soon  excited  opixisition. 
He  wos  too  evangelical,  prucliciil,  and  ])(iiiited, 
addressing  the  conscience  too  closely  to  suit  tho 
taste  of  many  of  his  |)rirK'ipal  hearers.     No  plau- 
sible ground  of  o])])osition,   liowever,  could  be 
found  until  his  marriage.    The   Dutch  churches 
in  this  country  were  at  this  linu'  diviiled  into  two 
parties,  culled  the  cd'tus  and  the  confi'reutie  i)ar- 
tics,  of  which   the   former  wished   to   establish 
judicatories  with  full  jjowers  in  America,  and  the 
latter  was  desirous  of  retaining  tiie  churches  in 
subjection   to   tho  classis  of   Amsterdam.     His 
marriage  into  a  lending  family  of  the  tietus  j)arty, 
and  an  intimate  friendship,  which  soon  succeeded 
with  other  families  and  distinguished  characters 
of  the  same  party,  furnished  his  enemies  with  an 
occasion  of  standing  forth  against  him.    A  num- 
ber of  the  neighboring  ministers  wore  invited  to 
attend  and  decide  in  the  disjjute,  and  they  pro- 
ceeded to  suspend  him  from  his  ministry  in  that 
jilace.    He  was  afterwards  settled  at  l'om])ton, 
in  New  Jersey,  where  he  continued  to  labor  with 
much  diligence,  faithfulness,  and  success  till  his 
death.     He  died  without  ever  being  able  to  effect 
a  reconciliation   with   the   church   at  Kingston, 
greatly  lieloved  and  rcsi)ected  in  all  the  other 
Dutch  churches.    He  was  a  man  of  great  eru- 
dition, of  n  mild  and  humble  temper,  polite  and 
unaffected  in  his  manners,  and  eminently  ])ious. 
Appointed  by  tho  general  synod  of  the  Dutch 
church  a  professor  of  the  oriental  languages,  and 
a  lector  or  assistant  to  the  professor  of  theology, 
as  such  he  rendered  very  important  services  in 
preparing  candidates  for  the  ministry. — Mason's 
Christian's  Magazine,  li.  10-12. 

MLVNTUNNOMU  (or  Miantonomoh),  sachem 
of  the  Narragansetts,  was  the  nephew  and  suc- 
cessor of  Cauonicus,  and  in  the  old  ago  of  tho 
latter,  took  upon  him  the  government  in  1636. 
In  the  same  year  he  made  a  treaty  with  the  Eng- 
lish at  Boston.  He  was  the  friend  and  bene- 
factor of  tho  settlers  in  llhodo  Island.  In  the 
Pequot  war  of  1G37,  several  of  his  chiefs  and 
many  of  his  men  joined  Capt.  Mason.  It  waa 
estimated,  at  this  period,  that  he  had  five  thou- 
sand warriors:  probably  the  number  is  much  ex- 


I 


670 


MICHAUX. 


Mn)DLETON. 


BnlfvThteil.  In  lO.'IH  ho  nnd  rnrnn,  unrhom  of 
M<ili('Kiiii,  iiiitl  llic  l'",ii^lisli,  iiitcrcfl  intiiiin  ii^jrcc- 
nii'iit  lit  ll.ii'tr<ir(l.  'I'lic  Kiii'lii'tiiN  i'iiKiiK<'<l  ixit  to 
liiiik)'  war  upiiii  i-arh  other  without  limt  ii|i|i('aliiiK 
to  the  I'liifrliNli,  III  Idl.'l  riii'iiH  iittiu'ki'il  .Si'(|iins- 
unii,  a  Nnchcin  on  CiiiiiKclicut  river,  killiiif(  nnil 
woiiniliiiK  iilioiit  tnciity  iiirii,  iiml  hiiriiiiif(  thr 
\vij{\viiiiiH,  Miiiiituiiiioiiiii,  II  kliisiinii  iind  ally  of 
KiM|iia"Moii,  took  II])  thi'  (|iiarrfl ;  hi'  llrNt  com- 
])hiiiii'il  of  I'licaN  to  tlic  KoM'riior  at  Hartford ; 
111)  UNkcd,  whi'thcr  any  olft'iici' would  lio  taken  if 
hi'  inadL'  war  upon  I'licnHp  Thi;  governor  rc- 
])li('d,  tliat  if  I'licaK  had  injiircil  him  and  re- 
fused to  j{ive  Matinfaelion,  Miaiitiinnoniii  would 
be  left  "  to  take  hin  course."  'I'iiis  HeeniM  to  have 
been  Hubinittiii);  the  n (fair  to  the  jud;{nu'nt  of  tlie 
«ncheni.  He  aecordin^tly  marched  to  Mohejfan  nl 
the  head  of  eijjiit  hundred  or  one  thouKnnd  men, 
nnd  on  n  fjreat  |iiiiin  in  Norwicli  was  (h'feated  iiy 
UiicnH,  wh"  iuul  only  (ivo  or  six  hundred  men, 
and  taken  jirinoncr.  Tncan  ap])lied  to  I  lie  eom- 
nuMNionerH  of  the  United  Colonies,  Winthro)), 
Winslov*',  Maton,  etc.,  for  advice  an  to  disposin/,' 
of  his  prisoner.  They  decided,  after  enumcratiii)f 
Heveral  clnirf?eH,  that  lie  miffht  bo  put  to  dentil  in 
the  Jurisdietioii  of  Unens.  This  decision  in  rcpjnrd 
to  n  |)risoiu'r  in  their  linndN,  nn  Indian  king,  who 
hnd  been  their  nlly  ngninst  the  I'equots  nnd  a 
friend  of  the  whites,  was  ungenerous  nnd  iniijui- 
tous,  nnd  a  stnin  uiion  the  chnracter  of  the  com- 
missioners.  The  jirisoner  wns  tnkcn  to  a  place 
between  Hartford  nnd  Windsor,  where  some  of 
Uiicns'  men  lived,  and  n  brother  of  Uncns  killed 
him  with  n  hatchet.  This  is  the  account  of  Win- 
throp.  Trumbull  says,  on  the  nuthority  of  a 
manuscript  of  Mr.  Hyde,  thnt  he  wns  jmi  i  j  donth 
at  Sachem's  I'lnin,  in  the  easterly  pail  of  Nor- 
wich, and  that  n  ])ilc  of  stones  was  placed  upon 
his  grave.  Ho  was  "n  goodly  ])ersonnge,  of  tall 
stature,  subtle  and  cunning  in  bis  contrivements, 
ns  well  as  haughty  in  his  designs."  His  execu- 
tion by  the  advice  of  the  commissioners  roused 
the  indignation  of  Canonicus  nnd  I'essncus,  who 
the  next  yenr  threntened  war,  but  were  induced 
to  enter  into  terms  of  jicace.  Probably  this  un- 
.  ipi)y  event  contributed  to  light  up  the  sub- 
sequent drendful  wa'  of  king  Philip,  who  was 
assisted  by  the  Nnrrngansett.s.  It  is  known,  also, 
that  it  fo.stered  in  the  breasts  of  the  Indinns  a 
contempt  of  Christianity.  In  every  rcspi  li,  gen- 
erosity, forgiveness,  and  kindness,  as  well  as  jus- 
tice, are  advantageous. 

MICHAUX,  Andre,  n  botanist,  died  in  1802. 
lie  was  born  in  France  in  1746.  He  married  in 
1V'()9  Cecilia  Claye;  but  she  died  m  1770.  After 
extendiiT  bis  hot,  nicnl  excursions  to  Spnin,  and 
spending  t^■,^; ;. .  ars  in  Persia,  became  to  America 
in  O'ltohf'.  "^5.  During  about  nine  years  he 
trnvtii.  d  Oil  '  Ibe  tr  .t'.Ue,  soutrt-rn,  and  western 
StatePi  anfi  pto  icsded  to  the  u  >^th  to  the  neigh- 


borhood of  Hudnon's  bay,  |)iocnrinK  trcfn  arwl 
khrulis  for  the  eNtabli'<hnir'iil  nt  Kanibnuillet. 
I''i)r  the  preservation  of  bis  pliuits  he  ehtiibiished 
botanical  gardens  at  New  York  iind  near  Chnrle:- 
ton.  On  his  return  to  I'.urope  in  I7!MI  ho  wns 
Mhipwrofked,  but  saved  mont  of  his  colleetinns. 
He  had  sent  sixty  thoiiNnnd  stocks  to  Itambuuil- 
let,  of  which  but  few  had  escnpcd  the  ravages  <if 
the  Uevohition.  His  salary  for  srven  years  ho 
could  not  obtain,  nor  any  employin''  it  i'rom  gov- 
ernment. In  IHOd,  however,  be  was  sent  nut  on 
nn  ex|iedition  to  New  Holland.  Ho  died  of  a 
fever  at  Madagascar.  He  published  histoire  des 
chenes  do  .Ameriipic  soptentrionnle,  folio,  Paris, 
tbirty-six  jilates,  IHOl  i  flora  boreali  —  .\ineri- 
cnnn,  2  vols.  8vo.,  Pnris,   IHO.'l,  fifty-one  plates, 

MICH.VUX,  Pli.\Nf?()is  A.NDliK,  son  of  the 
preceding,  wns  born  in  1770.  He  published  the 
iieautiful  work,  entitled  the  North  American 
sylvn,  Tj  vols.,  Hvn.,  Pbiladelpliin,  1N17,  l.OO 
colored  engravings  i  and  voyage  k  I'ouest  do 
monts,  etc.,  IHOf;  the  same,  translated,  enliil'-d, 
travels  in  Ohio,  Kentucky,  and  Tcnnt.isec :  1  cm. 
don,  1H0,». 

MI1)1)L1:T0N,  Pktcr,  M.  D.,  !'  physician  in 
New  York,  died  in  1781.  He  was  a  native  of 
Scotland.  In  17.J0  he  assisted  Dr.  IJard  in  the 
first  dissection  in  this  country,  nnd  in  1707  Hi,s 
nppointed  professor  of  ])bysiology  nnd  jinthology. 
Ho  i)ublislied  a  medicul  discourse,  1709 ;  and  a 
letter  on  the  crouj),  in  medical  repository,  IK,  — 
T/iachrr. 

MIDDLETON,  AnnifR,  a  patriot  of  the  Rev- 
olution, died  Jnn.  1, 17H8,  nged  44.  Ho  was  born 
on  the  banks  of  Ashley  river.  South  Carolina,  in 
1743.  His  father  was  Henry,  president  of  con- 
gress. He  received  an  excellent  education  nt 
Westminster  nnd  Cambridge,  England,  and  then 
travelled  severnl  years  upon  the  continent.  After 
returning  nnd  marrying  the  daughter  of  AValtcr 
Izard,  he  again  travelled  in  Europe.  In  177.'J  he 
settled  upon  the  banks  of  the  Ashley  river  in 
Carolina.  At  the  commencement  of  the  Uevohi- 
tion both  ho  and  his  father,  a  man  of  great  wealth, 
entered  zealously  into  the  American  cause.  In 
1775  he  wns  one  of  the  secret  committee  of  de- 
fence, nnd  also  of  the  council  of  safety,  nnd,  the 
next  year,  on  the  committee  to  prcpai-c  a  consti- 
tution. He  wa'  !•')  scmI  a  'l"legate  to  congress 
and  signed  the  DechuMtii  n  r'"  Inde])cnder"C'  'mt 
resigned  his  sf'..:ii  fli'.  ■■  i'  1777.  .  ;  ■  i'9 
he  suffered  in  in-*  pi 'jpen^ ,  like  others,  by  the 
ravages  of  war.  At  the  capture  of  Chnrleston  in 
1780,  he  wns  taken  prisoner  nnd  confined  nt  St. 
Augustine  ncnrly  n  year.  At  length,  in  July,  1781, 
he  wns  exchanged,  and  proceeded  in  a  cartel  to 
Philadelpliia.  He  was  now  again  appointed  a 
member  to  congress.  He  died  of  an  intermit- 
tent fever.  —  Goodrich. 

MIDDLETON,  Henkt,  president  of  congress 


MIDDLKTOX. 


MII.M'.DOI.F.n. 


f77 


i 


in  1"7I,  wnf*  diiviTiiDr  of  SduiIi  riiniliiin  from 
IHKI  ti)  INI'.',  lie  »aN  the  sou  iil'  Arthur,  liii' 
first  rnuil  KovcrHDr  of  Smitli  ''arolinii. 

MII)l)l.i:'l()N.  lii.NKY,  n  ,Mrnor  of  South 
Citroliiiik  luiil  iniiiiNtcr  to  ]tu>tKiii.  divil  in  Churli'ic 
toll  Jiiiii'  II,  ISIIi,  iiKi'il  'li.  After  lu'in^  in  con- 
(ifri'HH  III"  wax  jfovi-riior  in  INIn  mil  nKoiiimi 
to  WanlihiKtoii  in  |MI  I.  Mr.  \liii.ro<  i^^iit  him 
to  KllNNiu  in  IHL'O.  lie  Wii"  lioK|)itul)h'  :<  '  ■so- 
cial, (>f  polixliPil  and  (li){iiiti(       iMnni-rx. 

MIDDIJ'.TOX,  AllTlIt  II,  ^rranilMin  of  A.  M„ 
(lii'd  at  N'a|ili'H  Jiiiif  !»,  IH.").St  u^i'il  nlxiiil  <'>(l.  Up 
^railuntc'il  at  IlarvanI  in  INII,  uiiil  ni.i  lii'd  at 
](onu'  tliL>  CiiiiiitONN  lii'iiivo)(lio.  lie  wan  favora- 
bly known  Ity  Anii-ricaiiN  at  Xa|)lt'N. 

MII'W.,  CiiAHLKM,  captain,  u  lU'voliitionary 
otiicrr,  (liud  in  Alli>){hany  county,  Maryland,  in 
1n;)(),  a^cd  102.  ]I(!  Ni'rvcd  under  Wolfe  and 
Montf^omery  at  Quebec,  and  fuu^ht  at  liunker 
Hill. 

MIFFLIN,  Thomas,  a  inajor-jj;tiural  in  the 
American  army,  and  governor  of  I'cniiNylvunia, 
died  Jan.  20,  1800,  aged  6ti.  lie  wuh  bom  about 
the  year  1744  of  parentN  who  were  (iuakcrN,  and 
his  education  won  intrusted  to  the  care  of  l)r. 
Smith,  with  whom  lie  was  connected  in  haliitH  of 
cordial  intimacy  and  friendNhi|>  for  more  than 
forty  years.  v*ctive  and  zealouA,  he  engaged 
early  in  opposition  to  the  mcoHurcH  of  the  UritiNli 
parliament,  lie  was  a  member  of  the  first  coii- 
grcHs  in  1774.  He  took  arms  and  was  among 
the  first  officers  commissioned  on  the  organi/ation 
of  the  continental  army,  being  ajjpointed  quarter- 
master general  in  Aug.,  1775.  For  this  offence 
he  was  read  out  of  the  society  of  Quakers.  In 
1777  he  was  very  useful  in  animating  the  militia ; 
but  he  was  also  suspected  in  this  year  of  being 
unfriendly  to  the  commander-in-chief,  and  of  wish- 
ing to  have  some  other  person  in  his  place.  His 
sanguine  disposition  and  his  activity  might  have 
rendered  liim  insensible  to  the  value  of  that  cool- 
ness and  caution,  which  were  essential  to  the 
preservation  of  such  an  army  as  was  then  under 
the  command  of  Washington.  In  1787  he  was 
a  member  of  the  convention  which  framed  the 
constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  his  name 
is  affixed  to  that  instrument.  In  Oct.,  1788,  he 
succeeded  Franklin  as  president  of  the  sujirenie 
executive  council  of  Pennsylvania,  in  which  sta- 
tion he  t  ontinued  till  October,  1790.  In  Septem- 
ber, a  constitution  for  this  State  was  formed  by  a 
convention,  in  which  he  was  president,  and  he 
waa  chosen  the  first  governor.  In  1704,  during 
the  insurrection  in  Pennsylvania,  he  employed  to 
the  advantage  of  his  country  the  extraordinary 
powers  of  elocution  with  which  he  wos  endowed. 
The  imjierfecfion  of  the  militia  laws  was  compen- 
sated t>v  hi>  eloquence.  He  made  a  circuit 
through  the  lr)wer  counties,  and  at  diflereut  plo- 
ce»  publicly  addressed  the  militia  on  the  crisis  iu 


the  alTairi  of  their  couiitrx,  and  ibroiigli  lux  ani- 
inaiing  rxbortatioiH  ihr  .Siaic  furiiinlit'd  thr  i|uiitii 
r»'(|uiri'd.  lie  «as  ^lu'cct'ded  in  the  olliif  of  gov- 
ernor by  Mr.  MeKe.iii,  at  the  close  of  the  ytut 
1700,  and  he  died  al  l.ancaster.  He  u.u>  an  ac- 
tive and  /ealoiiH  patriot,  who  had  devi'ted  muek 
1'  hix  lii'e  to  the  pu.ilic  service.  N/miVA*  StMr- 
mull  lilt  liii  Ihiilh. 

.MUillll.l.,  ril<<M\-<.  niini>ter  of  Sl!<M«i*te>, 
died  in  Feb.,  UiSO,  UKed  40.  He  wuk  iAk-  mwi  of 
ThomS-^  .uid  wa*  born  at  ltowl<  v  ;  ffrarfuatt'd  ol 
Harvard  ill  ttii..!:  and  was  orduiinil  in  IfiHI. 

MHillll.l,.  1)A\  I.,  M  I).,  I,/-.  I>.,  died  at 
{ieor(,'ii.  ,»ii  ill  May,  18,il,  aj^ed  0.'). 

MIM.S,  .liilix,  minister  of  tbe  tlrsl  Haptiiil 
eliiircli  ill  MiiNsncliUKelis,  wam  >ettU'il  at  Ilslo« 
near  .SwiiiiHea  in  South  Wales,  from  1040  till  hut 
ejectment  in  KillL*.  lie  soon  came  to  this  eiuin- 
try,  and  formed  II '')\iii'.h  ut  Uehoboth  in  Hrislol 
county,  in  l(>(i.'{.  We  legislature  of  I'lymotitb 
colony  granted  to  these  Haptists  in  l(i(>7  the  town 
of  Swaniiey,  ti>  which  plmc  they  removed.  He 
died  Feb.  .'J,  l(i.s,'{.  His  wife  was  .\iiii,  the  dai..;|-i- 
ter  of  John  Humphrey.  —  liaijlUs'  Memoir  ■>/ 
I'hinionth,  U.  2:10 

MII.KS,  Sa.MI'i  ,  niiiiimter  of  king's  chnpcl, 
Iloston,  died  in  17Mi,  ugeit  about  <i.>.  He  was 
the  son  of  Ilev.  J.  M  He  graduated  at  Harvard 
in  1084;  went  to  I'..  :,'liind  and  received  holy  or- 
ders ;  and  became  rec  lor  of  the  chapel  in  Huston 
in  1089. 

MILKS,  John,  mill,  ter  of  Grafton,  Mass.,  was 
ordained  in  1700  and  sniissed  in  182(i.  Horn 
in  Westminster,  he  gran  iuled  ot  Urowii  in  1704. 
MILES,  \(),vn,  niiiiist(  ■  of  Temple,  N.  11.,  die«l 
in  Dec,  1831,  aged  79,  ii  the  fiftieth  year  of  his 
ministry.  Horn  in  Westminster,  Mass.,  he  grad.- 
iiated  at  Dartmouth  in  Pxii.  He  published  « 
sermon  on  the  death  of  W   -liiiigton. 

MILLAU,  Jon.N,  first  i  nister  at  Yarmouth, 
Mass.,  died  as  late  as  Kiul  i-  later.  He  was  first 
an  assistant  to  E.  llogers  of  Uowley.  He  was  in 
the  ministry  in  England  '  <'fore  he  came  to 
America. 

MILLEDGE,  Joiix,  governor  of  Georgia,  was 
in  1780  attorney-genei  al,  and  governor  in  1802. 
He  was  afterwards  a  member  if  congress  and  a 
senator  of  the  United  States  I  un  1800  to  1809. 
He  died  at  his  seat  at  the  (^  aid  Hills  Feb.  9, 
1818,  nged  64.  He  was  the  principal  founder 
of  the  university  of  Georgia. 

MILLEDOLEU,  Philip,  1).  1).,  president  of 
Rutgers'  college.  New  Brunswick,  died  at  Staten 
Island  Sept.  22, 1852,  aged  77.  He  was  born  in 
F^armington,  Conn.,  Sejit.  22,  1775  ;  his  parents 
were  from  Berne  in  Switzerland.  At  the  age  of 
twenty  he  became  the  minister  )f  the  German 
reformed  church  in  New  York,  ;n  May,  1705, 
preaching  both  in  German  and  in  English. 
From  1810  to  1813  he  was   pastor  of  the  third 


578 


MILLEK. 


Pre8bytcrian  church  in  I'hiladclpliia.  From  1813 
to  1820  he  was  a  minister  in  1;  tgcrs  street  col- 
legiate Dutch  church,  New  York.  Afterwards  in 
1825  he  became  a  professor  and  jjresident  of 
Rutf^^ers  college,  New  Urunswick,  and  continued 
Beventeen  years,  lie  lived  at  the  close  of  life  in 
the  family  of  his  daughter.  His  wife,  Margaret, 
the  daughter  of  Gen.  Steele  of  riiiladelijhia,  died 
the  day  after  him.  At  the  funeral  the  two  coffins 
were  side  by  side  on  a  bier  in  front  of  the  ])ulpit ; 
tlie  sermon  was  j)reachcd  by  Dr.  Dewitt.  lie  was 
an  eminent  and  most  pious  and  useful  minister  of 
the  Dutch  reformed  church ;  was  among  the 
founders  of  the  bible  and  missionary  institutions; 
and  was  the  first  jjresident  of  the  New  York  tract 
society.  He  published  a  sermon  at  the  installa- 
tion of  Mr.  llomeyn,  1808;  of  G.  Spring,  1810; 
charge  at  Princeton  seminary,  1812;  address  at 
Columbia  college,  1828. 

MILLElt,  John,  minister  of  Brunswick,  Me:, 
died  in  1789,  aged  50.  Born  in  Milton,  lie  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  in  l7o2,  and  succeeded  in  1702 
R.  Dunlap,  the  first  minister.  Ho  was  succeeded 
by  E.  Coffin,  W.  Bailey,  A.  Mead,  and  Dr.  G.  E. 
Adams. 

MILLER,  John,  minister  of  Dover,  Delaware, 
died  in  1791,  aged  08.  He  was  the  son  of  John 
M.,  a  native  of  Scotland,  who  married  and  set- 
tled in  Boston  in  1710,  and  was  born  in  Boston 
Dec.  24,  1722,  and  experienced  the  power  of  re- 
ligion under  the  ministry  of  Dr.  Sewall.  Having 
studied  theology  witli  Mr.  AVebb,  he  was  ordained 
in  the  old  south  in  April,  1749,  with  a  view  to  his 
establishment  at  Dover,  where  he  was  a  minister 
more  than  forty  years,  having  the  charge  also  of 
the  church  at  Smyrna,  twelve  miles  distant. 
Among  his  many  sons,  all  of  whom  engaged  in 
the  learned  professions,  were  Edward  Miller  and 
Samuel  Miller,  late  one  of  the  professors  in  the 
theological  seminary  at  Princeton.  Another  son, 
a  physician  in  the  army,  died  in  1777.  With  a 
Bound  mind  he  was  a  good  scholar,  a  faithful 
preacher,  a  great  lover  and  maker  of  peace,  and 
a  centre  of  literary  and  religious  influence. 

MILLER,  EuwAKD,  M.  D.,  a  physician  of 
New  Y'ork,  third  son  of  the  i)reccding,  died  March 
17,  1812,  aged  51.  He  was  born  at  Dover,  Del- 
aware, !May  9,  1700  ;  liis  mother  was  the  daugh- 
ter of  A.  Millington  of  Talbot  county,  Maryland. 
He  was  educated  by  his  father,  and  at  Newark 
academy  under  F.  Allison  and  A.  McDowell. 
Having  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Ridgely,  he 
entered  the  army  as  surgeon's  mate  in  1780,  and 
in  1781  went  as  surgeon  in  an  armed  ship  to 
France.  After  attending  the  lectures  at  I'hila- 
delphia,  he  commenced  the  practice  in  Fredcrica, 
but  removed  thence  to  Maryland,  and  in  1780  to 
Dover,  where  he  remained  ten  years.  About 
1793  he  wrote  an  able  letter  to  Dr.  Rush,  assert- 
ing the  domestic  origin  of  the  yellow  fever.     In 


MILLER. 

I  1796,  in  order  to  enjoy  the  society  of  his  only 
i  surviving  brother,  he  removed  to  New  York, 
where  his  practice  was  extensive,  and  where  h(^ 
])rqjected  and  ])ul)lishcd,  with  Drs.  Mitchill  and 
Smith,  the  medical  repository,  the  first  number 
of  which  ajjpeared  in  August,  1797.  This  was 
the  first  work  of  the  kind  in  the  United  States  ; 
he  lived  to  see  nearly  fifteen  vols,  comjdeted.  In 
1803  he  was  ai)])ointcd  resident  physician  of  New 
York.  In  1805  he  drew  up  a  learned  rejiort, 
maintaining  the  domestic  origin  of  the  yellow 
fever.  In  1807  he  MPns  elected  the  professor  of 
the  practice  of  jjhysic  in  the  university  of  New 
Y'ork;  in  1809  one  of  the  physicians  of  the  hos- 
])ital.  The  typhus  fever,  succeeding  an  inflamma- 
tion of  the  lungs,  terminated  his  life.  Four  of 
his  brothers,  in  two  of  the  learned  ])rofessions, 
died  in  early  life.  He  was  a  distinguished  scholar, 
and,  in  the  opinion  of  Dr.  Rush,  "inferior  to  no 
physician  in  the  United  States."  He  was  a  man 
of  probity,  and  honor,  and  charity,  with  a  heart 
of  sympathy,  and  courtesy  of  manners.  His 
gratuitous  services  to  the  poor  have  been  seldom 
equalled.  In  his  habits  he  was  remarkably  tem- 
perate, seldom  using  any  drink  but  water,  and 
rejecting  the  use  of  tobacco  in  every  form  as  an 
odious  practice,  and  a  jjrovocative  to  the  love  of 
drinking.  He  was  a  believer  in  Christianity,  aiu; 
devoutly  perused  the  holy  Scriptures.  His  med- 
ical works,  with  a  biogra])hical  sketch  by  his 
brother,  Samuel  Miller,  were  published,  8vo., 
1814.  —  Thacher,  385-392. 

MILLER,  lIiCNUY,  general,  a  distinguished 
officer  of  the  Revolution,  died  in  1824  in  Carlisle, 
Penn.,  aged  71.  He  was  prothonotary  of  Perry 
county. 

MILLER,  James  W.,  a  poet  and  miscellane- 
ous writer,  died  in  1829. 

MILLER,  Jonathan,  minister  of  Burlington, 
Conn.,  died  in  1831,  aged  09.  Born  in  Torrhig- 
ford,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1781,  and  was  or- 
dained hi  1782.  He  wrote  much  for  the  evan- 
gelical magazine.  A  few  years  before  his  death 
his  mind  broke  down,  and  he  had  a  colleague. 
He  published  a  concio  ad  clerum,  1812.  — 
Sj>ro(/ue's  Animh. 

MILLER,  John,  died  in  Washington,  Penn., 
Dec,  1832,  aged  100.  He  was  at  the  capture  of 
fort  Du  Quesno,  now  Pittsburg,  in  1758. 

MILLER,  RoBKUT,  an  Ej)iscoi)al  minister,  died 
at  Mary's  Grove,  N.  C,  in  1834,  aged  74. 

MILLER,  Stepiikn  D.,  governor  of  South 
Carolina,  died  in  Mississippi  while  on  a  visit, 
March  8,  1838.  lie  had  been  a  senator  of  the 
United  States. 

MILLER,  John,  governor  of  Missouri,  died 
near  Florisant  in  1840.  He  was  an  officer  in  the 
war  of  1812,  and  a  member  of  congress. 

MILLER,  Jonathan  P.,  colonel,  died  in  Mont- 
pelier,  Vt.,  Feb.  17,  1847,  aged  50.    He  was  an 


MILLER. 


MILLS. 


579 


id  miscellanc- 


inatoii,  Pciin., 


oi)poaer  of  slavery,  and  he  encouraged  the  Grcelvs 
in  their  Htniggletbr  lilierty,  carrying  to  them  IVoni 
New  York  a  cargo  of  supplies,  the  distribution  ol" 
which  he  Hupcrintcnded. 

MILLEU.WiLT.iAJi,  the  so-called  jjrophot,  died 
in  Hampton,  or  Lrw  Hampton,  X.  Y.,  Dec.  L'O, 
1849,  aged  G8.  He  was  born  in  I'ittsfield,  >Iass.; 
was  a  captain  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  then  lie- 
came  a  preacher.  Fixing  u])on  1843  as  the 
period  for  the  beginning  of  the  millennium,  he 
preached  on  the  subject  for  ten  years  in  the 
northern  and  middle  States,  perhaps  gaining 
thirty  or  forty  thousand  discij)les,  who  soon  dis- 
appeared after  the  year  1843  had  passed  over. 
lie  was  one  of  the  misguided  fanatics,  who,  on 
account' of  their  honest  zeal,  readily  find  followers 
among  the  ignorant. 

MILLEIl,  Samuel,  D.  D.,  died  at  Prince- 
ton, N.  J.,  Jan.  7,  1850,  aged  80.  He  was  born 
in  Dover,  Delaware.  His  father,  a  native  of  Bos- 
ton, was  a  minister  many  years  in  Dover.  He 
graduated  at  I'ennsylvania  university  in  1789; 
was  ordained  in  1793  as  jiastor  of  the  brick 
church  in  New  York  ;  and  was  chosen  at  Prince- 
ton theological  seminary  the  jirofessor  of  ecclesi- 
astical history  and  church  government  in  1813. 
He  was  a  man  most  amiable  and  polished  in 
manners,  learned  and  pious,  and  of  great  inllu- 
ence.  He  jiublished  many  books :  among  them, 
letters  on  the  Christian  ministry,  1809;  on  the 
office  of  ruling  elder ;  on  baptism  ;  lectures  at 
the  seminary,  1827, 1830;  letters  on  clerical  man- 
ners and  habits;  on  the  eternal  sonship  of  Chiist, 
addressed  to  Prof.  Stuart,  1823 ;  on  Unitarian- 
isni ;  memoirs  of  .T.  Rodgers  ;  sermon  to  society 
for  liberating  slaves ;  and  other  single  sermons  ; 
rctrosjiect  of  18th  century,  2  vols.,  li''()3. 

MILLER,  NAniAMKi.,  M.  D.,  died  in  Erank- 
liu,  Mass.,  June  10,  18ii0,  aged  79. 

MILLER,  Jamks,  general,  died  in  Temjile, 
N.  II.,  July  7,  INijl,  aged  7().  Born  in  Peterbo- 
rough, he  was  bred  to  the  law.  He  entered  the 
army  in  1810,  and  was  distinguished  in  the  battles 
of  Chippewa,  Bridgewater,  and  I^undy's  lane. 
AVhcn  asked  by  his  general,  Ripley,  if  he  would 
take  the  fort,  he  said,  "  PU  try,  sir !"  He  was 
governor  of  Arkansas,  and  collector  many  years 
of  the  port  of  Salem,  Mass. 

MILLER,  Elijah,  a  profound  lawyer,  died  at 
Auburn,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  14,  18.jl,  aged  80.  He  was 
father-in-law  of  Governor  Seward,  and  the  son  of 
Samuel  M.,  a  patriot  of  the  Revolution. 

MILLER,  WiLi.LVM  S.,  died  in  New  York 
Nov.  9,  \H'A,  a  member  of  congress.  Ho  was 
social  and  hospitable,  had  a  cultivated  mind,  and 
was  a  liberal  jiatron  of  the  arts. 

MILLER,  M().si;s.  the  mountain  pastor,  the 
minister  of  Heath,  Mass.,  died  about  18jo,  aged 
nearly  80.  He  was  born  in  Worcester  in  177C, 
and  was  the  grandson  of  a  much  respected  Dea- 


con Miller  of  Dr.  Austin's  church.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Providence  in  1800,  and  was  then  some 
years  a  tutor.  He  was  ordaiuiil  in  the  moun- 
tain town  of  Heath  Dec.  20,  1804,  and  was  a 
faithful  pastor  more  than  forty  years.  He  jnib- 
lished  a  sermon  to  missionary  society,  1824.  He 
wrote  his  autobiogra])by  while  living  with  his 
children  i)i  Nunda,  N.  Y. ;  and  it  was  pul)lished 
in  the  Recorder  in  ISuO. 

MILLS,  (iii)i;().\,  minister  in  Simsbury,  C(mn., 
died  in  1772,  aged  oVt.  Born  at  Windsor,  the 
brother  of  Jedidiah  M.,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in 
1737  ;  was  ordained  over  the  first  church  in  Sims- 
bury  in  1744,  and  continued  ten  years.  He  was 
installed  over  the  second  church  in  1701. 

MILLS,  Jkiiidlvii,  minister  of  Itipton,  Conn., 
died  in  1770,  aged  about  70.  Born  in  Wind- 
sor, he  grad\iated  at  Y'ale  in  1722,  and  was 
ordained  in  1724.  He  was  a  friend  of  Mr.  White- 
field  and  David  Braincrd.  Mr.  Ely  was  his  col- 
league in  1771.  He  jiublished  a  vindication  of 
gospel  truth,  1747  :  the  state  of  the  unregener- 
ate,  1707. —  Sjnriijite'n  Annuls. 

^IILLS,  EiiiCNKZKU,  minister  of  Sandisfield, 
^lass.,  died  in  1799,  aged  89.  He  graduated  at 
Yale  in  1738.     He  was  first  settled  in  Granby. 

MILLS,   Sajiui-l  J.,  agent  of  the  American 
colonization  society,  died  June  l(i,  1818,  aged  35. 
He  was  the  son  of  the  minister  of  Torringford, 
Conn.,  and  was   born    April   21,    1783.     At  an 
early  period  he  had  such  a  sense  of  his  sin,  that 
for   two  years-  ho   regarded  his   existence  as  a 
curse.     Li  answer  to  the  prayers  of  his  parents 
he  was  cheered  with   the   Christian  hojie.     Ho 
!  graduated  at  Williams  college  in   1809.     While 
I  in  that  seminary  his  mind  was  deejily  impressed 
I  with  the  inijjortance  of  foreign  missions,  and  he 
endeavored  to  aWaken  a   similar   feeling  in  the 
Iiearts  of  his  fellow  students.     At  the  theological 
I  seminary  in  Andover  he  united  with  Newell,  Jud- 
;  son,  Nott,  and  Hall,  in  a  resolution  to  undertake 
,  a   foreign    mission.     These   young   men   offered 
I  themselves  as  missionaries  to  the  general  associa- 
tion of  ministers  of  Massachusetts  at  Bradford, 
!  June  27,  1810.     In  1812  and  1813  ho  and  J.  F. 
Schermcrhorn   made  a  missionary  tour  in   the 
western   States.    He   was   ordained  with  other 
I  missionaries  at  Newburyport  June  21,  181u.    He 
made  a  second  tour  with  D.  Smith  in  1814  and 
i  ISlo.    He  ascertained  that  in  March,  181o,  not  a 
bible  could  be  found  for  sale  or  to  be  given  away 
I  in  New  Orleans;  in  that  eily  he  distributed  many 
bibles  in   French  and   Lhiglish,  and  visited  the 
,  sick   soldiers.     Finding   that   seventy  or  eighty 
thousand  families  at  the  south  were  destitute  of 
a  b'ble,  he  suggested  at  the  close  of  his  report 
the  establishment  of  a  national  society  like  that 
of  the  British.     His  eff"orts  contributed  to  the  es- 
tablishment of  the  society.  May  8,  1810.    The 
plan  of  the  united  foreign  mission  society,  wliicli, 


580 


MILLS. 


however,  accomplished  but  httlo,  originated  with 
liiin,  wliile  residing  with  Dr.  Gritlin  at  Newark, 
as  did  also  the  Al'rican  school,  which  existed  a 
few  years  at  Piirsij)])any,  near  Newark.  He 
attended  the  first  meeting  of  the  colonization 
society  Jan.  1,  1817,  which  was  established  by  the 
exertions  of  ])r.  Finley.  Ai)i)ointud  with  E. 
Burgess,  to  visit  England  and  exjjlore  the  coast 
of  Africa  for  the  society,  he  sailed  in  Nov.,  1817, 
and  in  a  wonderful  manner  escajjcd  shijjwreck 
on  the  coast  of  France.  As  the  ship  was  drifting 
towards  a  ledge  of  rocks,  the  cajitain  despaired 
of  preservation,  and  jumped  into  the  boat  with 
Ills  two  sons,  all  of  whom  were  lost.  A  strong 
current  as  the  shij)  ajjprofichcd  the  rocks  carried 
her  away  from  them.  lie  sailtd  from  I'^ngland 
for  Africa  Feb.  2,  1818,  and  arrived  on  the  coast 
March  12th.  After  a  laborious  inspection  of 
more  than  two  months,  he  embarked  on  his  re- 
turn in  the  brig  Success,  May  22,  1818.  A  severe 
cold,  which  he  took, early  in  June,  was  succeeded 
by  a  fever,  of  which  he  died,  lie  was  buried  in 
the  depths  of  the  ocean.  He  was  eminently 
pious  and  benevolent ;  and,  when  the  sea  gives 
up  its  dead,  he  will  rise  to  heaveidy  glory.  His 
memoirs  by  Gardiner  Spring  werepubhshed,  8vo., 
1820. 

MILLS,  Edmitjo,  minister  of  Sutton,  Mass., 
the  successor  of  Dr.  Hall,  died  in  1825,  aged  72. 
Born  in  Kent,  Conn.,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in 
1775.  He  was  pastor  from  1790  till  his  death, 
a  popular  and  successful  preachen  lie  published 
an  oration  July  4,  1809. 

MILLS,  Elij^ui  IIuxt,  a  lawyer  and  member 
of  congress,  died  at  Northampton  May  5,  1829, 
aged  51.  He  graduated  at  Williams  in  1797. 
lie  published  an  oration  to  Washington  benevo- 
lent society,  1813. 

MILLS,  Thomas,  D.  D.,  Episcopal  minister  at 
Charleston,  S.  C,  died  in  1830,  aged  87. 

MILLS,  Samuel,  died  at  Torringford  May  1 1, 
1833,  aged  89. 

MILLS,  JosnuA,  Dr.,  died  at  Cleveland,  Ohio, 
in  1843,  aged  46,  an  accej)table  physician. 

MILNOli,  James,  D.  I).,  rector  of  St.  George's 
church.  New  York,  died  March  8,  1845,  aged  70. 
A  lawyer  in  Philadelpliia,  he  was  a  member  of 
congre.ss  in  1812;  afterwards  he  was  thirty  years 
an  eminent  minister  in  New  York  ;  an  able  sup- 
porter of  various  charitable  societies.  He  was  a 
man  of  untiring  and  systematic  industry. 

MILTIMOKE,  James,  minister  of  Belleville 
church,  Newbury,  Mass.,  died  March  23,  1836, 
aged  81.  Born  in  Londonderry,  he  graduated 
at  Dartmouth  in  1774  ;  was  ordained  in  Strat- 
ham,  N.  II.,  in  1786,  and  dismissed  in  1807  ;  was 
installed  at  Newbury  in  1808.  He  published  a 
discourse  on  the  death  of  J.  Murray,  1793 ;  to  a 
musical  choir,  1794 ;  at  a  dedication,  1807.  — 
Sprague'a  Annals. 


MILLS. 

FULTON,  Charles  W.,  minister  at  Newburj-- 
l)ort,  died  in  1837,  aged  09:  installed  in  1791. 

MINEIt,  Je.sse,  a  missionary  at  Green  Bay, 
died  March  22,  1829.    - 

Ml.XER,  Thomas,  M.  D.,  died  at  Worcester 
April  23,  1841,  aged  03.  A  graduate  of  Yale  in 
1796,  he  jiractised  jihysic  first  at  Middletown, 
Conn.,  his  native  place,  and  was  one  of  the  found- 
ers of  the  medical  institute  of  Yale,  and  of  the 
Connecticut  retreat  for  the  insane.  His  autobi- 
ography was  pubUshed  by  Dr.  Williams.  He 
was  a  man  of  integrity  and  of  literary  attain- 
ments. He  pubUshed  with  Dr.  Tally  a  work  on 
typhus,  which  excited  much  attention.  —  Wil- 
liams' Med.  Biography. 

MINNICK,  Mrs.,  died  in  South  Carolina  about 
1805,  aged  108. 

MINNS,  Thomas,  died  at  Boston  April  4, 
1836,  aged  62.  He  was  the  editor  of  the  New 
England  Palladium  from  1792  to  1828.  He  was 
lirst  associated  with  A.  Young  in  publishing  the 
Mercury. 

MINOT,  George  Richards,  a  historian,  died 
Jan.  2,  1802,  aged  43.  He  was  born  in  Boston 
Dec.  28,  1758.  Distinguished  in  early  life  by  the 
love  of  learning,  graceful  modesty,  and  amiable 
manners,  he  was  pecuUarly  endeared,  while  ct 
school,  to  his  excellent  instructor,  Mr.  Loweh, 
and  in  college  he  secured  the  esteem  of  the  gov- 
ernors of  the  institution  and  the  warmest  attach- 
ment of  his  companions.  He  was  graduated  in 
1778.  Having  pursued  the  study  of  the  law 
under  the  care  of  William  Tudor,  he  began  its 
practice  with  a  high  reputation  and  with  fixed 
principles  and  habits.  But  his  attention  was  im- 
mediately diverted  somewhat  from  his  profession 
by  liis  appointment  as  clerk  of  the  house  of  rep- 
resentatives in  1781,  soon  after  the  new  constitu- 
tion had  commenced  its  operation.  While  in  tliis 
station,  the  duties  of  which  he  discharged  with 
the  greatest  fidelity  and  impartiality,  the  causes 
which  produced  the  insurrection  were  operating, 
and  he  liad  an  opportunity  of  being  well  ac- 
quainted with  the  proceedings  of  the  house.  Of 
these  transactions  he  wrote  a  sketch,  which  was 
published  in  the  Boston  magazine  for  1784  and 
1785.  After  the  insurrection  was  suppressed,  he 
wrote  a  history  of  it,  which  was  praised  equally 
for  its  truth,  moderation,  perspicuity,  and  ele- 
gance. Of  the  convention  of  Massachusetts 
which  considered  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States,  he  was  ehos(?n  the  secretary.  In  Jan., 
1792,  he  was  appointed  judge  of  probate  for  the 
county  of  Suffolk,  and  several  years  afterwards 
judge  of  the  municipal  ^jurt  in  Boston.  Amidst 
the  violence  of  parties  his  mildness,  candor,  and 
moderation  gained  him  the  respect  of  all.  His 
conversation  was  interesting,  for  his  mind  was 
enriched  with  various  knowledge,  and  there  was 
a  modesty  and  benignity  in  his  character,  which 


MINOT. 


MITCHELL. 


581 


/arolina  about 


attracted  and  deli^htt'd.  Ilumblo  and  devout,  he 
c()nii)lied  with  tlic  ordinances  of  Christianity,  and 
trusted  entirely  to  the  mercy  of  God  for  salvation. 
lie  jnihlisjied  an  oration  on  the  lioston  massacre, 
March  !j,  17H2;  history  of  the  insurrection  in 
Massachusetts,  8vo.,  ITSH;  an  address  to  the 
eharitahle  fire  society,  IT'J.'i;  eulo^'y  on  Washin;^- 
ton,  1800  ;  a  continuation  of  the  history  of  Mas- 
sachusetts li ay  from  1748  to  170j,  witli  an  intro- 
ductory sketcli  of  events  from  its  original  settle- 
ment. The  first  volume  of  this  work,  which  is  a 
conthuiation  of  Hutchinson,  was  published  in 
8vo.,  1798  ;  the  second  volume  was  almost  com- 
])let(Kl  at  the  time  of  his  death,  and  it  has  since 
been  published.  The  narrative  is  persjiicuous, 
and  the  style  simjjle  and  jnire,  and  a  model  of 
historical  eloquence.  —  Collections  of  Historical 
Society,  VIII.  80-109. 

MIXOT,  Timothy,  Dr.,  died  in  Concord,  Mass., 
Aug.  1,  1804,  aged  78.  lie  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1747,  and  was  a  respected  physician,  the 
founder  of  the  Middlesex  medical  association. 

MINTO,  Walter,  LL.  D.,  professor  of  natural 
philosophy  in  the  college  of  New  Jersey,  died 
Oct.  21,  1796,  aged  42.  lie  was  born  in  Scotland 
Dec.  3,  1753,  and  educated  at  Edinburgh.  By 
the  persuasion  of  the  Earl  of  Buchan,  he  wrote  a 
book  to  prove  that  the  original  discovery  of  loga- 
rithms was  to  be  attributed  to  Napier,  the  laird 
of  Merchiston.  The  earl  sent  liim  to  America 
in  1786,  being  desirous  of  laying  a  foundation  of 
mathematical  science  in  the  land  of  Columbus 
and  of  Washington.  Soon  after  his  arrival  he 
was  chosen  mathematical  professor  in  rrinceton 
college.  In  this  situation  he  was  respected  and 
useful.  He  was  a  sincere  Christian  and  a  truly 
learned  man.  Besides  the  book  on  Napier,  he 
published  a  demonstration  of  the  path  of  the  new 
planet ;  researches  into  some  parts  of  the  theory 
of  the  planets,  etc.,  8vo.,  1783  ;  and  an  oration 
on  the  progress  and  importance  of  the  mathemat- 
ical sciences,  etc.,  1788. 

^IIRANDA,  Don  Fr,vncisco,  general,  was  born 
of  a  Spanish  family  at  Caraccas,  of  which  jjrovince 
his  grandfather  was  governor.  In  1783  he  visited 
the  United  States,  and  travelled  on  foot  over  a 
part  of  Europe.  In  the  French  devolution  he 
was  a  major-general  in  the  service  of  France. 
From  the  prison  into  which  he  was  cast,  he  es- 
cajicd  to  England  in  1797.  lla\ing  been  again 
banished  from  France  for  opposing  the  French 
consul  in  1803,  he  resolved  to  emancipate  South 
America  from  the  dominion  of  Spain.  Having 
obtained  secret  assistance  and  encouragement,  he 
sailed  from  New  York  in  1806,  with  a  number  of 
American  volunteers.  At  St.  Domingo  he  char- 
tered two  schooners  i  they  were  captured  on  the 
coast,  while  he  escaped  in  his  ship.  In  1810  he 
renewed  his  attempt,  but  was  obliged  to  capitu- 
late to  Geu.  Monteverdc,  who,  iu  disregard  of 


the  agreement,  treated  him  as  a  prisoner.  He 
was  sent  to  Spain,  and  died  after  four  years'  con- 
finement in  the  dungeons  of  the  inquisition  at 
Cadiz. 

MIT.VIIK,  sachem  of  Gay  Head  on  Martha's 
Vineyard,  being  converted  to  the  Christian  faith 
by  Mr.  -Mayhew,  became  a  preacher.  Of  the 
Enghsh  he  was  a  faithful  ally,  and  died  regretted 
by  all  the  islanders,  Jan.  'JO,  1683.  He  said: 
"  I  have  h()])e  in  God.  that  when  my  soul  departs 
out  of  this  body,  God  will  send  his  messengers, 
who  shall  cftiduct  it  to  himself,  to  be  with  Jesus 
Christ,  where  that  everlasting  glory  is." 

MITCH  ELL,  Jonathan,  minister  of  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.,  the  son  of  Jonathan  M.,  died  July 
9,  1668,  aged  12.  He  was  born  in  England  in 
1624.  He  was  brought  to  this  country  in  l(i35, 
by  his  ])arents,  who  sought  a  refuge  from  ecclesi- 
astical tyranny  in  the  wilderness.  His  father  first 
settled  at  Concord;  afterwards  he  lived  at  Say- 
brook,  Wethersfield,  and  Stamford ;  and  died  in 
1645.  Mr.  Mitchell  was  graduated  at  Harvard 
college  in  1647,  having  made  great  acquisitions  in 
knowledge,  and  improvements  in  virtue.  Under 
the  ministry  of  Mr.  Shepard  his  mind  was  im- 
pressed by  the  truths  of  religion.  AVhile  at  col- 
lege he  kept  a  diary  in  Latin.  When  he  began 
to  preach,  he  was  invited  to  settle  at  Hartford, 
but  he  was  ordained  at  Cambridge,  as  the  suc- 
cessor of  Mr.  Shepard,  Aug.  21,  1650.  Soon 
after  his  settlement  I'res.  Dunster  embraced  the 
principles  of  Anti-jjedobaptism.  This  was  a  pe- 
culiar trial  to  him  ;  but,  though  he  felt  it  to  be  his 
duty  to  combat  the  princii)le8  of  his  former  tutor, 
he  did  it  with  such  meekness  of  wisdom  as  not  to 
lose  his  friendship,  though  the  controversy  oc- 
casioned his  removal  from  the  college.  In  1662 
he  was  a  memi)er  of  the  synod  which  met  in 
Boston  to  discuss  and  settle  a  <iueslion  concern- 
ing church  membership  and  church  discii)line, 
and  the  result  was  chiefly  written  by  him.  The 
determination  of  the  question  relating  to  the  bap- 
tism of  the  children  of  those  who  did  not  ap- 
proach the  Lord's  table,  and  the  support  thus 
given  to  what  is  called  the  half-way  covenant,  was 
more  owing  to  him  than  to  any  other  man.  Con- 
sidering baptized  persons  as  members  of  the 
church  and  liable  to  its  discipline,  he  thought 
that  their  children  should  be  admitted  to  bajitism. 
He  died  in  the  hope  of  glory.  His  wife  was 
Margaret,  daughter  of  Mr.  Shepard,  his  prede- 
cessor. His  children  were  John;  Nathaniel; 
Samuel,  a  graduate  of  1681 ;  and  Jonathan,  a 
graduate  of  1687.  Mr.  M.  was  eminent  for  piety, 
wisdom,  humility,  and  love.  His  vigorous  jjowers 
of  mind  were  diligently  cultivated ;  his  memory 
was  very  retentive ;  and  he  had  acquired  much 
learning.  He  wrote  his  sermons  with  care  and 
yet  preached  without  notes,  speaking  with  great 
majesty,  and  attaining  towai'ds  the  close  of  his 


582 


MITCHELL. 


MirCHELL. 


discourses  a  fervency  which  was  most  energetic 
and  imprcsKivo.  His  delivery  was  inimitable. 
Ho  was  frequently  called  to  ecclesiastical  coun- 
cils, and,  possessing  singular  acuteness,  prudence, 
and  moderation,  he  was  well  qualiticd  to  heal  dif- 
ferences. Attached  to  the  institutions  of  the 
founders  of  New  England,  he  frequently  said, 
that  if  it  should  become  a  general  opinion  that 
all  persons,  orthodox  in  judgment  as  to  matters 
of  faith,  and  not  scandalous  in  life,  should  be  ad- 
mitted to  partake  of  the  Lord's  Supper  without 
any  examination  concerning  the  work  of  saving 
grace  in  their  hearts,  it  would  be  a  real  apostasy 
from  former  principles,  and  a  degeneracy  from 
the  reformation  already  attained.  He  was  faith- 
ful and  zealous  in  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of 
the  sacred  office.  IJesides  his  stated  labors  on 
the  Sabbath,  he  preached  a  monthly  lecture  upon 
man's  misery  by  sin,  salvation  by  Christ,  and  holy 
obedience,  which  was  much  attended  by  ])ersons 
from  the  neighboring  towns.  He  published  a 
letter  of  counsel  to  his  brother,  1664 ;  mi  election 
sermon,  entitled,  Nehemiah  upon  the  wall  in 
troublesome  times,  1667 ;  a  letter  concerning  the 
subject  of  baptism,  1675;  a  discourse  of  the 
glory  to  which  God  hath  called  believers  by  Jesus 
Christ,  printed  London,  reprinted  Boston,  12mo., 
1721. — His  Life,  by  C.  Mather ;  Magnalia,  IV. 
158-185;  Hist.  Soc.  VII.  23,  27,  47-51. 

MITCHELL,  John,  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S.,  a  botanist 
and  physician,  came  from  England  to  Virginia 
about  the  year  1700.  He  died  in  1772.  His 
residence  was  chiefly  at  Urbana,  a  small  town  on 
the  Rappahanock,  about  73  miles  from  Richmond. 
He  appears  to  have  been  a  man  of  observation, 
acuteness,  and  enterprise,  as  well  as  learning. 
He  wrote,  in  1743,  an  essay  on  the  causes  of  the 
diflerent  colors  of  people  in  different  climates, 
which  was  published  in  the  philosophical  trans- 
actions, vol.  XLIII.  He  attributes  the  difference 
of  the  human  complexion  to  the  same  causes 
■which  have  been  assigned  by  Dr.  Smith,  to  the 
influence  of  climate  and  modes  of  life ;  and  lie 
thinks  that  the  whites  have  degenerated  more 
from  the  original  complexion  in  Noah  and  his 
family,  than  the  Indians,  or  even  negroes.  The 
color  of  the  descendants  of  Ham  he  considers  a 
blessing  rather  than  a  curse,  as  without  it  they 
could  not  well  inhabit  Africa.  He  published  also 
an  essay  on  the  preparations  and  uses  of  the 
various  kinds  of  jiotash,  in  philosophical  trans- 
actions, vol.  XLV. ;  a  letter  concerning  the  force 
of  electrical  cohesion,  in  vol.  Li. ;  and  a  useful 
work  on  the  general  principles  of  botany,  con- 
taining descriptions  of  n  numlier  of  new  genera 
of  plants,  4to.  1769.  It  is  believed  that  he  was 
also  the  author  of  the  map  of  North  America, 
published  in  1755,  which  was  accompanied  by  a 
large  pamphlet,  entitled,  the  contest  in  America, 


and  followed  by  another,  entitled  the  present 
state  of  Great  Dritain  and  North  America,  1767. 
His  manuscripts  on  the  yellow  fever,  as  il  appeared 
in  Virginia  in  1742,  fell  into  the  hands  of  Dr. 
Franklin,  by  whom  theyw-ro  communicated  to 
Dr.  llmh.— Miller's  Itetroxj.'t,  i.  318j  ii.  367  j 
Thacher. 

MITCHELL,  JtsTl's,  minister  of  New  Canaan, 
Conn.,  died  in  180(i,  aged  about  50.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  in  1776,  and  was  ordained  in  1781. 
—  Sprarpie's  Annals. 

MITCHELL,  David,  general,  died  in  Juniata, 
Cumberland  county,  Penn.,  May  25,  1818,  aged 
76.  He  was  a  soldier  in  Bouquet's  campaign,  in 
1764,  and  a  friend  of  the  Indian  chief  Logan. 
With  the  Indians  he  was  e  ,,iged  in  twenty- 
seven  actions.  He  fought  also  during  the  whole 
Revolutionary  war.  For  more  than  twenty  years 
he  was  a  rep'-esentative  in  the  State  legislature, 
and  twice  an  elector  of  president. 

MITCHELL,  Ammi  R.,  a  physician,  the  son  of 
Judge  David  Mitchell,  died  May  14,  1824,  aged 
62.  Ho  was  born  at  North  Yarmouth,  Me.,  May 
8,  1762.  Having  studied  physic  at  Portsmouth, 
when,  at  the  close  of  the  war,  the  America,  a 
seventy-four  gun  ship,  was  presented  by  congress 
to  the  king  of  France,  he  accompanied  Dr.  ^Ie!?u- 
bec,  the  surgeon  of  the  ship,  to  Brest,  where  iie 
enjoyed  many  advantages  for  improvement  in 
surgery.  On  his  return  he  settled  at  North  Yar- 
mouth, where  he  had  extensive  practice  through 
life.  He  was  also  an  eminent  Christian ;  for 
twenty-one  years  a  deacon  of  the  church.  lie 
was  found  dead  in  the  street,  having  been  thrown 
from  his  gig,  as  he  was  riding.  He  published 
an  eulogy  on  Washington,  1800;  an  address 
on  sacred  music,  1812.  —  Cummings'  Sermon; 
Thacher. 

MITCHELL,  Alfred,  minister  of  Norwich, 
Conn.,  the  son  of  Judge  Stephen  Mix  M.,  died 
Dec.  19, 1831,  aged  41.  He  was  born  at  Wethers- 
field,  May  22,  1790 ;  was  graduated  at  Yale  col- 
lege in  1809;  and,  having  studied  theology  at 
Andover,  was  ordained  as  the  successor  of  Mr. 
Hooker  Oct.  27,  1814.  He  was  a  man  of  intel- 
lectual power,  of  firmness  and  zeal,  yet  modest 
and  retiring.  Almost  his  last  words  were,  "  The 
will  of  the  Lord  be  done."  lie  published  several 
occasional  sermons.  From  the  lines  written  on 
his  death  by  Mrs.  Sigourney,  who  once  attended 
on  his  preaching,  the  following  is  an  extract.  She 
had  heard  that  one  of  his  last  expressions  was, 
"  Am  I  so  near  mij  home '}  " 

"  Pure  spirits  shoulil  not  pass  unmourri'd. 

This  earth  la  poor  without  tlieni.  —  But  a  view 
Of  better  climes  broke  o'er  thee,  nnJ  thy  soul 
Uose  o'er  its  stricken  tent  with  outspreiid  wing 
Of  seraph  rapture :  tor  to  reach  a  home, 
Where  is  no  rootless  hope,  no  vain  desire, 
No  film  o'er  faith's  bright  eye,  for  love  no  blight, 
IB  glorious  gain,  —  Teacher  and  guide,  farewell." 


.MITCIIKLL. 


MONROE. 


583 


MITCHELL,  Stii'Iiix  Mix,  LL.  D.,  an  emi- 
nent lawyer,  died  in  Wetherslield,  Conn.,  Sept. 
30,  l.S.'J.j,  aged  !)1.  lie  was  horn  in  Wetherslield 
Dec.  120,  17-13,  and  K'"''»''"ated  at  Yale  eollege  in 
1703.  In  177!)  lie  was  appointed  associate  judije 
of  the  Hartford  county  court,  and  in  170j  judge 
of  the  sujjcrior  court.  From  1807  till  1814  he 
w'aa  chief  justice.  In  1783  and  178j  he  was 
elected  a  niemhcr  of  congress,  and  senator  from 
1793  to  17()j.  His  State  was  much  indebted  to 
him  for  the  establishment  of  her  title  to  the 
AVestcrn  Reserve,  in  Ohio. 

MITCHELL,  lUviu  U.,  general,  governor  of 
Georgia  from  180!)  to  1813,  died  at  Milledgevillc 
April  22,  18:37,  aged  71. 

MITCHELL,  Coi.iiY  C,  missionary  to  Mosul, 
died  in  June,  1811,  on  his  journey  to  M.,  distant 
five  days' journey.  In  a  few  days  afterwards  Mrs. 
Mitchell  died  at  Mosul. 

MITCHELL,  N.MiiM,  judge,  died  at  East 
Bridgewater  Aug.  1,  18u3,  aged  81.  He  was  the 
son  of  Gushing  M.,  and  a  graduate  of  1 78!)  in 
the  class  of  Dr.  Kirkland.  He  sustained  various 
otRces;  was  representative  in  congress,  treasurer 
of  the  State,  chief  justice  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas.  He  published  a  liistory  of  Rridgewater, 
1840;  and  with  B.  Urown  he  edited  a  collection 
of  sacred  music. 

MITCHELL,  S.VMUEL  Latham,  M.  I).,  LL.  D., 
died  in  New  York  Sept.  8,  1831,  aged  07.  His 
father,  Robert,  was  a  Quaker  farmer  on  Long 
Island,  and,  being  adopted  by  his  uncle.  Dr.  S. 
Latham,  he  was  well  educated.  After  the  close 
of  the  war  he  studied  medicine  and  natural  his- 
tory in  Edinburgh.  He  was  appointed  professor 
of  chemistry  and  natural  history  in  Columbia 
college.  In  a  discourse  before  the  historical 
society,  he  gave  an  account  of  all  books  on  Ameri- 
can botany.  For  several  years  he  was  a  member 
of  congress  and  a  senator.  His  practice  was  ex- 
tensive ;  he  was  j)hysician  to  the  city  hospital ; 
with  Dr.  Smith  he  edited  fourteen  volumes  of  the 
medical  repository.  He  published  also  life  of 
Tammany,  the  Indian  chief,  8vo.  179j ;  remarks 
on  the  gaseous  oxyde  of  azote,.  18mo.  1795;  ob- 
servations on  the  geology  of  America ;  picture  of 
New  Y'ork,  12mo.  1807;  description  of  Schooley's 
mountain  in  New  Jersey,  8vo.  1810;  discourse 
before  the  New  Y'ork  historical  society,  1813. — 
Williams'  Mixl.  Bioif. 

MIX,  Sxiil'llEN,  minister  of  Wethersfield, 
Conn.,  died  in  1738,  aged  06.  Born  in  New 
Haven,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1090,  and 
was  ordained  in  1094  as  successor  of  .1.  Wood- 
bridge.    His  successor  was  J.  Lockwood. 

MONCKTOX,  Robert,  governor  of  New  York 
from  1702  to  1703,  died  in  England,  as  governor 
of  Portsmouth,  in  1782.  In  1705  he  was  lieut.- 
governor  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  in  the  expedition 


of  Wolfe  against  Quebec,  he  served  as  brigadier- 
general,  lie  was  succeeded  by  Sir  II.  .Moore  us 
governor  of  New  York. 

M()NI;TTE,.Ioiin  W.,  M.  D.,died  in  Louisiana 
March  1,  1801.  He  was  tho  autlior  of  a  history 
of  the  discovery  and  settlement  of  the  valley  of 
the  Mississij)])i,  2  vols.,  1848. 

MO.XIS,  JiDAii,  the  first  llel)rew  instructor  in 
Harvard  college,  died  in  17(J4,  aged  81.  He  was 
a  native  of  Italy,  and  after  his  arrival  in  this 
country  began  his  instructions  about  the  year 
1720.  Though  a  Jew,  lie  embraced  the  Christian 
religion,  and  was  publicly  liajitized  at  Camliridge 
in  1722.  After  the  death  of  his  wife  in  1701,  he 
resigned  his  otUce,  which  he  had  sustained  for 
about  forty  years,  and  retired  to  N(n'tiiborough. 
In  tliat  town  he  passed  the  remainder  of  his  life 
in  the  family  of  Rev.  John  Martyn,  who  hud  mar- 
ried a  sister  of  his  wife.  He  beiiueatlied  46 
pounds  to  he  divided  among  seven  of  the  ueigli- 
boring  ministers,  and  120  pounds  as  a  fund,  tlie 
interest  of  which  was  to  be  given  to  the  indigent 
widows  of  ministers.  He  iiuhlislied  truth,  whole 
truth,  nothing  but  the  truth,  1722;  and  a  He- 
brew grammar,  4to.  1730. 

MONRO,  Geoucji;,  M.  I).,  a  jihysician,  died 
Oct.  11,  1819,  aged  09.  He  was  born  at  New- 
castle, Delaware,  Feb.  22,  1700;  liis  fatlier, 
George  M.,  came  from  Scotland.  At  the  close 
of  the  war  he  was  a  surgeon  in  the  army.  On 
the  return  of  peace  he  spent  three  years  in  Lon- 
don and  Edinburgh,  and  profiled  by  the  lectures 
of  CuUcn,  Gregory,  Black,  Home,  Brown,  and 
Monro.  He  pidilished  at  this  period  a  Latin  dis- 
sertation on  Cynanche,  which  was  commended  by 
Cullen.  In  1780  he  settled  on  his  farm  at  St. 
George's,  Newcastle  county;  in  1793  he  removed 
to  Wilmington,  where  he  passed  the  remainder 
of  his  life  hi  extensive  practice  as  a  physician  and 
surgeon.  He  was  an  Infidel  till  about  1800,  when 
he  publicly  acknowledged  his  belief  in  Christian- 
ity, and  joined  the  I'reshyterian  church,  and  ever 
afterwards  exhibited  the  virtues  of  an  eminent 
Christian.  In  all  his  habits  he  was  simple.  He 
drank  nothing  but  water.  His  strict  economy 
enabled  him  to  be  extensively  charitable;  his 
charities  preveiited  him  from  accumulating  prop- 
erty. Of  uniforni  piety,  he  was  |)unctual  in  at- 
tending upon  every  religious  ordinance.  The 
eternal  weh'are  of  his  patients  weighed  upon  his 
heart ;  he  conversed  with  them  on  religion.  His 
bible  was  always  ojien  before  him ;  he  relished 
no  book,  company,  or  emjiloyment,  wliich  was  not 
spiritual.  He  died  of  ossification  of  the  heart. 
His  wife  was  Jemima,  daughter  of  Col.  John  Haslet, 
W'ho  fell  in  the  battle  of  Princeton.  —  Tharhei: 

MONROE,  James,  president  of  the  United 
States,  died  July  4,  1831,  aged  72.  He  was  born 
in  1708,  on  the  Potomac,  in  Westmoreland  county, 


584 


MONROE. 


MONTCALM. 


Virginia,  on  the  land  of  his  ancestor,  one  of  tlic 
first  patentees  of  the  province.  His  father  was 
Spcnce,  a  mason.  Having  hcen  educated  at  Wil- 
liam and  Mary  college,  he  in  1770  entered  as  a 
cadet  in  the  regiment  commanded  by  Col.  Mer- 
cfi'.  Being  ap])ointed  a  lieutenant,  he  joined  the 
army  of  Washington,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
battles  of  Harlem  Heights  and  White  Plains.  In 
the  attack  on  Trenton,  Dec.  20,  1770,  he  was 
wounded  through  the  lel>  shoulder,  and  for  his 
bravery  was  jiromotcd  to  he  a  cajjtain  of  infimtry. 
Being  soon  ap])ointed  aid  to  Lord  Stirling,  he 
served  as  such  in  1777  and  1778,  and  was  en- 
gaged in  the  l)attles  of  Brandywine,  Germaiitown, 
and  Monmouth.  In  1778  he  proposed  to  raise  a 
regiment  in  Virginia,  but,  not  being  succes.sful,  he 
engaged  in  the  study  of  the  law  under  Mr.  Jef- 
ferson, yet  rendered  good  military  service  in  the 
repulse  of  invasions.  In  1780  he  was  military 
commissioner  for  Virginia,  and  visited  the  south- 
ern ai-my  under  De  Kalb.  In  1782  he  was  elected 
from  King  George  coMiity  to  the  assembly;  the 
next  year,  at  the  ago  of  twenty-four,  he  was  a 
member  of  congress.  His  enlarged  views  at  this 
period  were  evinced  by  his  proj)osition,  in  1780, 
-which,  however,  was  not  adopted,  to  vest  congress 
with  power  to  regulate  trade  with-  all  the  States. 
Having  served  three  years,  he  returned  home  in 
1780.  In  the  mean  time  he  had  married  a  beau- 
tiful young  lady,  whose  person  and  conversation 
had  attracted  much  notice  in  Paris  and  London. 
In  1788  he  was  a  member  of  the  convention  of 
Virginia,  which  considered  the  constitution  of  the 
United  States,  —  an  assembly  of  illustrious  and 
eloquent  men,  never  equalled  in  any  State.  From 
1790  to  1794  he  was  a  senator  of  the  United 
States.  Washington  sent  him  in  1794  as  minister 
plenipotentiary  to  France.  He  was  recalled  in 
1797.  As  he  had  been  severely  censured  in  a 
letter  of  Mr.  Pickering,  the  secretary  of  State, 
of  June  13,  1790,  for  not  vindicating  at  the 
French  court  the  British  treaty,  he  published  on 
liis  return  the  whole  of  his  correspondence,  with 
one  hundred  pages  of  preliminary  observations. 
He  was  attached  to  the  republican  party  as  con- 
tradistinguished from  the  federalists.  From  1799 
to  1802  he  was  governor  of  Virginia.  W^hen  Mr. 
Livingston  was  resident  minister  at  Paris,  he  was 
appointed  to  join  him  as  envoy  extraordinary  in 
1802,  for  the  purchase  of  Louisiana.  This  ser- 
vice having  been  performed,  he  repaired  in  1803 
to  London  as  successor  of  Mr.  King,  minister  at 
the  British  court.  In  1805  he  assisted  Mr. 
Charles  Pinckney  in  a  negotiation  in  Spain,  and 
then  returned  to  London,  where  he  remained  two 
or  three  years,  occupied  in  important  duties.  He 
remonstrated  against  the  seizure  of  vessels  under 
the  orders  in  council.  AVith  Wm.  Pinkncy  he 
negotiated  a  commercial  treaty  with  Great  Britain, 
which  Mr.  Jefferson  rejected,  because  it  did  not 


provide  against  impressment.  After  an  absence 
of  five  years,  returning  home  in  1808,  he  passed 
the  two  next  years  on  his  farm  in  Albemarle 
county.  In  1811  he  was  again  elected  governor 
of  Virginia.  Mr.  Madison  nominated  him  as 
secretarj'  of  State,  os  successor  of  11.  Smith,  Nov. 
25,  1811,  and  he  remained  in  office  till  1817, 
being  also  secretary  at  war  as  successor  of  J. 
Armstrong,  from  Sept.  27, 1814,  to  March  2, 1815, 
when  Mr.  Crawford  was  appointed.  Being  elected 
the  fifth  i)resident  of  the  United  States,  ho  com- 
menced his  administration  ^larch  4,  1817,  and, 
being  subsequently  re-elected,  with  only  one  dis- 
senting vote,  continued  in  his  high  office  eight 
years,  till  1825.  His  wife,  the  daughter  of  Law- 
rence Kortwright,  died  in  Virginia  at  Oak  Hill, 
his  residence,  in  Loudoun  county,  Sept.  23,  1830. 
He  died  July  4,  1831.  It  was  remarkable  that 
Adams  and  Jefferson  also  died  July  the  fourth, 
1826.  He  left  no  son;  one  daughter  married 
Judge  George  Hay  of  Richmond,  and  was  loft  a 
widow  in  Sept.,  1830;  another  married  Samuel 
L.  Gouverneur  of  New  York,  at  whose  house  ^Ir. 
Monroe  died.  He  was  an  attendant  on  the  Epis- 
copalian worship.  Mr.  Monroe  possessed  a  very 
determined  spirit  and  was  distinguished  for  un- 
wearied industry.  There  was  much  energy  in 
the  measures  of  his  administration:  the  ainiy 
and  navy  were  strengthened ;  surveys  and  2)lans 
of  fortifications  were  made ;  a  cession  of  Florida 
from  Spain  was  obtained ;  the  independent  States 
of  South  America  were  recognized  ;  and  the  bold 
declaration  was  made  to  the  world,  that  an  inter- 
ference of  European  powers  in  respect  to  those 
States  would  not  be  tolerated.  Vigorous  efforts 
were  also  made  for  the  suppression  of  the  slave 
trade ;  the  pension  for  the  Revolutionary  soldiers 
was  voted ;  and  the  generous  La  Fayette  recei\cd 
from  the  United  States  the  just  acknowledgment 
of  his  services  in  promoting  the  establishment  of 
American  liberty.  Though  in  the  course  of  his 
life  he  had'  received  from  the  public  treasury  for 
his  services  358,000  dollars,  he  retired  from  the 
office  of  presidency  deep  in  debt.  He  was,  how- 
ever, at  last  relieved  by  the  adjustment  by  con- 
gress of  his  claims,  founded  chiefly  on  the  dis- 
bursements made  during  the  war. 

MONSON,  ^NEAS,  Dr.,  died  at  New  Haven 
Aug.  22,  1852,  aged  89,  then  the  oldest  graduate 
of  Yale,  in  1780.  In  the  American  army  he  was 
an  assistant  surgeon.  Afterwards  he  was  a  mer- 
chant, and  president  of  several  banks. 

MONTCALM,  Louis  Joseph  de,  marquis  of 
St.  Veran,  a  distinguished  French  general,  was 
born  of  a  noble  family  at  Candiuc  in  1712,  and 
entered  early  in  the  army.  He  commanded  with 
reputation  in  Italy,  Bohemia,  and  Germany.  In 
1750  he  became  a  field-marshal,  and  was  sent  to 
Canada,  where  he  succeeded  Bieskau.  lie  soon 
took  Oswego  5  and  in  1757  fort  William  Henry ; 


MONTEFIORE. 


MONTGOMERY. 


685 


and  in  1758  he  rci)iilsc(l  Ahercrombic  with  much 
glaiighter  from  the  walls  of  Ticondi'ro;;a.  When 
Wolfe  in  his  attack  on  Qucljec  had  gained  the 
plains  of  Abraham,  Sept.  13,  1700,  Montcalm 
resolved  upon  a  battle,  and  accordinfjly  marched 
out.  The  commanders  of  the  two  armies  both 
fell,  equally  illustrious  for  bravery,  and  bolli  occu- 
pied by  tlie  event  of  the  battle  at  the  moment 
they  were  about  to  exchange  time  for  eternity. 
The  former  rejoiced  that  lie  should  die  in  the 
arras  of  victory,  and  the  latter  that  he  should  not 
survive  the  surrender  of  Quebec.  —  Wi/nne,  II. 
125,  141 ;  Marshall,  I.  407,  414,  450,  450-104. 

MONTE  FIOllE,  Joshua,  died  in  St.  All)ans, 
Vt.,  June  20,  1843,  aged  81.  He  was  a  native  of 
London,  and  had  vigorous  health  all  his  days ; 
he  never  used  glasses.  He  published  commer- 
cial dictionary,  commercial  precedents,  on  the 
bankrupt  laws,  and  other  works. 

MONTGOMERY,  Richard,  a  major-general 
in  the  army  of  the  United  States,  died  Dec.  31, 
1775,  aged  38.  He  was  born  in  the  north  of 
Ireland  in  the  year  1737.  He  possessed  an  ex- 
cellent genius,  which  was  matured  by  a  good 
education.  Entering  the  army  of  Great  Rritain, 
he  successfully  fought  her  battles  with  AVolfe  at 
Quebec  in  1759,  and  on  the  very  spot  where  he 
was  doomed  to  fall,  when  fighting  against  her 
under  the  banners  of  freedom.  After  his  return 
to  England  he  quitted  his  regiment  in  1772, 
though  in  a  fair  way  to  preferment.  He  had  im- 
bibed an  attachment  to  America,  viewing  it  as  the 
rising  seat  of  arts  and  freedom.  After  his  arri- 
val in  this  country  he  purchased  an  estate  in  New- 
York  about  a  hundred  miles  from  the  city,  and 
married  a  daughter  of  Judge  Livingston.  He 
now  considered  himself  as  an  American.  When 
the  struggle  with  Great  Britain  commenced,  as 
he  was  known  to  have  an  ardent  attachment  to 
liberty,  and  had  expressed  his  readiness  to  draw 
his  sword  on  the  side  of  the  colonies,  the  com- 
mand of  the  continental  forces  in  the  northern 
department  was  intrusted  to  him  and  General 
Schuyler  in  the  fall  of  1775.  By  the  indisposition 
of  Schuyler  the  chief  commaiid  devolved  upon 
him  in  October.  He  reduced  fort  Chamblee,  and, 
November  3d,  captured  St.  Johns.  On  the  12th 
he  took  Montreal.  In  December  he  joined  Ar- 
nold and  marched  to  Quebec.  The  city  was  be- 
sieged, and  on  the  last  day  of  the  year  it  was 
determined  to  make  an  assaidt.  The  several 
divisions  were  accordingly  put  in  motion  in  the 
midst  of  a  heavy  fall  of  snow,  which  concealed 
them  from  the  enemy.  Montgomery  advanced 
at  the  head  of  the  New  York  troops  along  the 
St.  Lawrence,  and,  approaching  one  of  the  bar- 
riers, he  was  pushing  forwards,  when  one  of  the 
guns  of  the  battery  was  discharged,  and  he  was 
killed  with  his  two  aids.  This  was  the  only  gun 
that  was  fired,  for  the  enemy  had  been  struck 
74 


with  consternation,  and  all  but  one  or  two  had 
lied.     But  this  event  probrti)ly  |)revented  the  caj)- 
ture  of  Quebec.     When  he  fell,  Montgomery  was 
in   a  narrow  passage,  and  his  body  rolled  u])on 
the  ice  which  formed  by  the  side  of  the  river. 
After  it  was  found  the  next  morning  among  the 
xlaiii,  it  was  buried  by  a  few  soldiers  without  any 
marks  of  distinction.     In  his  jierson  he  was  tall 
and  slender,  genteel    and    graceful.     He  was  a 
man  of  great  military  talents,  whose  measures 
were   taken  with  judgment   and  executed  with 
vigor.     With  undisciiilined  troo])N,  who  were  jeal- 
ous of  him  in  the  extreme,  he  yet  ins])ired  them 
with  his  own  enthusiasm.     He  shared  with  them 
in  all  their  hardships,  and  thus  prevented  their 
comjjlaints.     His  industry  could  not  be  wearied, 
nor  his  vigilance  imposed  ujion,  nor  his  courage 
intimidated.     Above  the  pride  of  opinion,  when 
a  measure  was  adopted  by  the  majority,  though 
contrary  to  his  own  judgment,  he  gave  it  his  full 
support.    By  the  direction  of  congress,  a  monu- 
ment of  white  marble  of  the  most  beautiful  sim- 
plicity, with  emblematical  devices,  was  executed 
by  Mr.  Cassiers  at  Paris,  and  it  is  erected  to  his 
memory  in  front  of  St.  Paul's  church,  New  York. 
His  remains,  in  consequence  of  an  act  of  the  leg- 
islature of  New  York,   were  taken   up  by  his 
nephew.  Col.  L.  Livingston,  in  June,  1818,  —  the 
place  of  burial  being  pointed  out  by  an  old  sol- 
dier, who  attended  the  funeral  forty-two  years 
before,  —  and  conveyed  to  New  York,  where  they 
were  again  committed  to  the  dust  in  St.  Paul's 
church  with  the  highest  civil  and  military  honors. 
His  widow  was  then  alive.     His  life  was  writ- 
ten  by  Armstrong.  —  Smith's    Oration  on  his 
Death;  Marshall,  il.  302-311 ;  Warren,  i.  259- 
208,  431. 

MONTGOMERY,  James,  D.  D.,  an  Episcopal 
minister  at  Philadelphia,  died  in  1834,  aged  46. 

MONTGOMERY,  William  B.,  missionary 
among  the  Osagcs,  died  of  the  cholera  at  the 
Ilopefield  settlement  Aug.  17,  1834.  A  native 
of  l)anvillc,  Penn.,  he  was  in  the  first  family  sent 
by  the  united  foreign  missionary  society  to  the 
Osages  of  the  Missouri,  jiroceeding  by  the  way 
of  the  great  rivers  from  Pittsburg  in  1821.  He 
died  triumphantly,  saying,  "  Can  it  be,  that  in 
less  than  twenty-four  hours  I  shall  be  -.valking 
the  streets  of  the  New  Jerusalem  ?  I  know  in 
whom  I  have  believed."  His  wife,  Harriet  Wool- 
ley  of  New  York,  died  Sept.  5,  1834.  He  had 
reduced  the  Osage  language  to  writing,  and  trans- 
lated various  portions  of  Serijjture.  His  book 
was  printed  at  Boston  about  the  time  of  his  death.  ■ 

MONTGOMERY,  Gf.ouge  W.,  died  at  Wash- 
ington, being  a  clerk  in  the  department  of  State, 
June,  1841.  Born  in  Spain  of  an  Irish  family, 
he  came  early  to  this  country,  and  died  in  the 
prime  of  life.  He  published  an  historical  novel, 
Bernardo  del  Carpeo,  and  translated  into  Spanish 


686 


MOODY. 


MOODY. 


Irving's  conquest  of  Granada.  lie  also  jjuMished 
a  narrative  of  a  journey  to  Ouatcmala,  and  vari- 
ous pieces  in  the  journals. 

MOODY,    Joshua,    minister  of  Portsmouth, 
N.  II.,  died  July  4,  1097,  ajfed  (il.     He  was  born 
in  England  in  1033.     His  father,  AVillinm,  one 
of  the  early  scttlcru  of  Newbury,  came  to  this 
country  in  1034.     lie  was  graduated  at  Harvard 
college  in  1C53.    He  began  to  jjreach  at  Ports- 
mouth about  the  year  10j8,  but  was  not  ordained 
till  107 1.     In  the  year  1C.S3,  when  Cranfield  was 
govcnor,  one  of  the  members  of  Mr.  Moody's 
church  was  guilty  of  jjcrjury  in  relation  to  a  ves- 
sel sent  out  of  the  harbor  ;  but  he  found  means 
to  settle  the  affair  with  the  governor  and  collec- 
tor.   The  faithful  minister  of  the  gospel  however 
believed  that  a  regard  to  the  purity  and  reputa- 
tion of  the  church  rendered  it  necessary  that  a 
notorious  offence  should  be  the  subject  of  eccle- 
siastical discipline.    The  governor,  when   called 
upon,  refused  to  furnish  the  evidence  of  the  man's 
perjury,  and  even  threatened  Mr.  Moody  if  he 
proceeded.     But  the  servant  of  Jesus  Christ  was 
not  to  be  intimidated.     He  j)rcachcd  against  false 
swearing ;  he  called  the  offender  to  an  account ; 
and  even  obliged  him  to  make  a  public  confes- 
sion.   Cranfield,  in  revenge,  issued  an  order  re- 
quiring the   ministers  to   admit  all  persons  of 
suitable  years  and  not  vicious,  to  the  Lord's  Si.p- 
per,  from  the  first  of  January,  1084,  under  the 
penalty  of  the  statutes  of  uniformity.    He  at  the 
same  time  signified  to  Mr.  Moody  his  intention 
of  partaking  the  Sui)per  on  the  next  Sunday,  and 
requiring  him  to  administer  it  according  to  the 
liturgy.    As  Mr.  Moody  refused  to  administer 
the  ordinance  to  an  unworthy  applicant,  a  prose- 
cution was  immediately  commenced  against  him, 
and  he  was  sentenced  to  six  months'  imprison- 
ment without  bail  or  mainprize.    Two  of  the 
judges,  who  dissented  from  this  sentence,  were 
removed  fi'om  their  offices.    At  length,  by  the 
interposition  of   friends,  he  obtained  a  release, 
though  under  a  strict  charge  to  preach  no  more 
within  the  province.     He  then  accepted  of  an  in- 
vitation from  the  first  church  in  Boston  to  be  an 
assistant  minister,  and  was   so  highly  esteemed 
that  upon  the  death  of  President  Itogers  he  was 
invited  to  take  the  oversight  of  the  college  ;  but 
he  declined.     In  the  days  of  the  witchcraft  de- 
lusion, in   1G92,  he  manfully  resisted  the  unjust 
and  violent  measures  towards  the  imagined  of- 
fenders.   Particularly   when  Philij)   English,    a 
merchant  of  Salem,  was  accused,  with  his  wife, 
and  both  were  imprisoned  in  Boston.    Just  before 
the  a])pointcd  time  of  trit.1  Mr.  Moody  preached 
from  the  text,  "  If  they  persecute  you  in  one  city, 
flee  to  another,"  and  provided  for  their  flight  to 
New  York,  by  which  means  they  escaped  a  trial 
and  probable   condemnation.     His   zeal  against 
this  wretched  delusion  occasioned,  however,  his 


dismission  from  the  church  where  he  wan  preach- 
ing. In  the  following  year  he  returned  to  Ports- 
mouth, where  he  spent  the  rest  of  his  life  in  use- 
fulness and  j)eace.  On  the  a])])roach  of  his  Itst 
sickness,  he  went  for  advice  to  Boston,  where  ho 
died.  His  son,  Samuel,  a  graduate  of  10S9,  was 
a  i>reacher  at  New  Castle,  N.  II.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Mr.  llogers.  Though  he  was  deeply 
impressed  with  his  unworthiness  of  the  divine 
mercy ;  yet  he  indulged  the  hope  of  glory,  and 
was  desirous  of  entering  into  the  j)resence  of  the 
Redeemer,  whom  he  had  served  in  his  gosj)cl. 
He  wrote  upwards  of  four  thousand  sermons. 
He  published  a  practical  discourse  concerning 
the  choice  benefit  of  communion  with  God  in  his 
house,  behig  the  sum  of  several  sermons,  12mo., 
1085;  reprinted,  1740;  an  election  sermon, 
1092.  —  V.  Mather's  Funeral  Sermon ;  Minj- 
nalid,  IV.  192-199. 

MOODY,  Samufx,  minister  of  York  in  the 
district  of  Maine,  died  Nov.  13,  1747,  aged  70. 
He  was  the  son  of  Caleb  M.  in  Newbury,  and 
grandson  of  William  M. ;  was  born  Jan.  4,  1070, 
and  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1097,  He 
was  ordained  Dec.  29,  1700,  as  successor  of  Shu- 
bael  Dummer,  who  was  lulled  by  the  Indians,  and 
wos  succeeded  by  Mr.  Lyman.  His  son,  Josejjh 
Jloody,  the  first  minister  of  the  north  church'  i.i 
York,  died  March  20,  1753,  aged  52,  leaving  a 
son,  Samuel,  who  after  being  thirty  years  the  dis- 
tinguished preceptor  of  Dummer  academy,  died 
at  Exeter  Dec.  17, 1795,  aged  09.  He  had  many 
eccentricities  in  his  conduct ;  but  he  was  eminent 
for  piety,  and  was  a  remarkably  usefnl  minister 
of  the  gospel.  In  his  younger  years  he  often 
preached  beyond  the  limits  of  his  own  parish, 
and  wherever  he  went,  the  people  hung  upon  his 
lips.  In  one  of  his  excursions  he  went  as  far  as 
Providence,  where  his  exertions  were  the  means 
of  laying  the  foundation  of  a  church.  Though  a 
zealous  friend  to  the  revival  of  religion  which 
occurred  throughout  the  country  a  short  time 
before  his  death,  yet  he  gave  no  countenance  to 
separations.  Such  was  the  sanctity  of  his  char- 
acter, tliat  it  impressed  the  irreligious  with  awe. 
To  piety  he  united  uncommon  benevok'nce. 
While  with  importunate  earnestness  he  pleaded 
the  cause  of  the  poor,  he  was  very  charitable 
liimself.  It  was  by  his  own  choice,  that  he  de- 
rived his  support  from  a  free  contribution,  rather 
than  a  fixed  salary  in  the  usual  Avay.  In  one  of 
his  sermons,  he  mentions  that  he  had  been  sup- 
l)orted  twenty  years  in  a  way  most  pleasing  to 
him,  and  had  been  under  no  necessity  of  spend- 
ing one  hour  in  a  week  in  care  for  the  world. 
Yet  he  was  sometimes  reduced  almost  to  want, 
though  his  confidence  in  the  kind  providence  of 
God  never  failed  him.  Some  remarkable  in- 
stances of  answers  to  his  prayers,  and  of  corre- 
spondences between  the  event  and  his  faith,  are 


MOODY. 

not  yet  forgotten  in  York.  The  hour  of  dinner  I 
once  eamc,  and  hi.s  tat)lt'  was  iinsupplii'd  with 
proviaioiiH;  but  lie  insisted  ujioii  liiivin<r  tiie  clotii 
laid,  saying  to  his  wife,  lie  was  conlident  that  they 
ghouhl  ho  furnished  liy  the  bounty  of  God.  At 
this  moment  some  one  ra])ped  at  the  door,  and 
presented  a  ready  cooked  dinner.  It  was  sent 
by  perfons  who  on  that  day  had  made  an  enter- 
tainment, and  who  knew  the  poverty  of  Mr. 
Moody.  He  was  an  irritable  man,  tliough  he 
w'as  constantly  watchful  against  this  infirmity. 
lie  once  went  into  a  tavern,  and  among  a  number 
of  gamblers  found  a  member  of  his  church.  In 
his  indignation  he  seized  hold  of  him,  and  cast 
him  out  at  the  door.  In  one  of  his  sermons  tlie 
doctrine,  which  ho  drew  from  his  text,  and  which 
was  the  foundation  of  his  discourse,  was  this : 
"  When  you  know  not  what  to  do,  you  must  not 
do  you  know  not  what."  lie  published  the  dole- 
ful state  of  the  damned,  especially  of  such  as  go 
to  hell  from  under  the  gosjjel,  1710 ;  Judas  hung 
up  in  chains,  1714;  election  sermon,  1721;  a 
summary  account  of  the  life  and  death  of  Joseph 
Quasson,  an  Indian.  —  Sullivan's  Maine,  238 ; 
a  Funeral  Sermon  on  Moody. 

MOODY,  Samuel,  Dr.,  died  at  Brunswick, 
Me.,  in  1708,  while  in  command  of  fort  George. 
lie  was  the  son  of  Rev.  S.  M.  of  Newcastle.  He 
was  at  first  a  surgeon  in  the  army  in  1722,  and 
lived  ot  Portland. 

MOODY,  Joseph,  minister  of  the  north  church 
in  York,  Me.,  died  in  1753,  aged  53.  The  son  of 
Kev.  Samuel  M.,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1718;  and  then  for  years  was  register  of  deeds 
and  judge  of  a  court.  He  became  the  minister 
of  a  new  church  about  1732 ;  but  after  the  death 
of  his  wife  he  fell  into  a  deep  melancholy,  and 
wore  a  handkerchief  over  his  face,  for  whicli  rea- 
son he  was  called  Handkerchief  Moody.  Yet  in 
all  his  gloom  ho  had  some  gleams  of  wit.  He 
boarded  with  his  deacon,  who  was  of  a  hasty  tem- 
per, and  who  one  day  asked  him  to  i)ray  for  a 
neighbor,  chargeable  with  some  fault,  "  who  had 
got  terribly  out  of  the  way."  Mr.  bloody  asked, 
whether  he  might  not  possibly  share  in  the  blame  ? 
"  No,  no,  no,"  cried  the  deacon.  "  If  I  thought 
I  did,  I  would  take  my  horse  and  ride  fifty  miles 
on  end.' '—  "  Ah,"  said  Mr.  M.,  "  I  believe.  Dea- 
con Bragdon,  it  would  take  a  pretty  good  horse 
to  outride  the  devil ! "  Mr.  M.  was  resjicctcd  for 
his  abilities  and  Christian  virtues.  He  published 
several  religious  tracts.  —  Spragiie's  Annals ; 
Sketches  of  the  Muoihj  Family. 

M0(.)1)Y,  Joshua,  a  minister  and  teacher,  died 
at  Ncwburyport  in  1768,  aged  82.  Born  in  Sal- 
i.ibury,  Mass.,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1707, 
and  was  soon  ordained  as  a  jjreacher  for  the  Isle 
of  Siioals;  wliich  place  he  left  in  1733,  and  set- 
tlod  as  a  schoolmaster  at  Hampton,  then  at 
Njwburyport.     Once,  as   a  fishing  shallop  had 


MOODY. 


587 


been  lost  in  a  nortlieast  storm  in  Ipswich  bay,  ho 
endeavored  to  in)]iress  this  event  upon  his  sca- 
tliring  hearers  nt  the  Siwrnls  in  tiiis  way  :  "  Sup- 
pose, my  brethren,  nny  of  you  should  l)e  taken 
short  in  tlie  bay  in  a  "  '.'ast  storm,  your  heart! 
trembling  with  fear,  an^  thing  but  death  before 
you  ;  whither  would  your  thoughts  turn,  and  wliat 
would  you  do  ?" — "  What  would  I  do  ?"  replied 
Olio  of  flio  hardy  seamen,  "why,  I  would  in- 
stantly hoist  the  foresail  and  scud  away  for 
Scpiam." 

MOODY,  JoiiN,  first  minister  of  Newmarket, 
N.  H.,  died  in  1778,  aged  73.  Born  in  Byfield 
parish,  Newbury,  Mass.,  he  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1727,  and  was  settled  in  1730. 

MOODY,  Samuel,  an  eminent  teacher,  died 
in  Dec.,  179.5,  aged  09.  He  was  the  son  of  Rev. 
J.  Moody  of  York,  born  in  1720,  graduated  in 
1746,  and  commenced  the  business  of  teaching 
in  York,  but  was  soon  called  to  take  charge  of 
the  academy  in  Newbury,  founded  by  Governor 
Dummcr.  His  fame  as  a  teacher  drew  many 
pujiils,  and  ho  toiled  successfully  nearly  thirty 
years,  till  his  infirmities  caused  him  to  retire 
from  his  field  of  labor.  Many  distinguished  men 
were  the  puiiils  of  Master  .Moody.  He  was  con- 
scientious, faithful,  a  man  of  piety  and  religion. — 
C.  ('.  P.  Moody's  Sketches  of' the  Moody  Family, 

MOODY,  Benjamin,  a  very  eminent  Christian, 
adorned  with  all  the  virtues,  died  at  Nowburyport 
in  1802,  aged  81.  His  character  was  described 
by  his  pastor.  Dr.  Dana,  in  a  funeral  sermon. 

^lOODY,  Silas,  minister  of  Arundel,  Maine, 
died  in  1816,  aged  74.  He  was  of  the  fourth 
descent  from  William,  who  came  from  England ; 
born  in  Newbury,  the  son  of  William ;  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1771 ;  and  was  ordained  at  Arun- 
del, now  Kcnnebunkport,  in  1771.  lie  was  an 
excellent  minister.  He  published  a  sermon  on 
the  death  of  Washington. 

MOODY,  Amos,  minister  of  Pelham,  N.  II., 
died  in  1819,  aged  79.  Born  in  Newbury,  Mass., 
he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1759 ;  was  settled  in 
1705 ;  and  dismissed  in  1792.  Dr.  Church  was 
liis  successor. 

MOODY,  Paul,  a  memorable  man  in  the  his- 
tory of  cotton-spinning,  died  at  Lowell  in  1831, 
aged  52.  He  was  the  son  of  Paul  of  Byfield. 
lie  had  the  charge  of  the  Waltham  cotton  com- 
pany about  1813  or  1814,  and  made  several  im- 
l)ortant  inventions,  as  the  dead  spindle,  the 
governor,  and  others.  About  1824  he  was  trans- 
ferred as  superintendent  to  Lowell.  —  Sketches 
of  the  Moody  Family. 

MOODY,  Lkmuel,  captain,  died  at  Portland, 
Maine,  August  11,  1846,  aged  79;  his  father 
came  from  Newbury.  Ho  was  active  in  erecting 
the  observatory.  He  published  in  1825  a  valua- 
ble chart  of  Casco  bay. 

MOODY,  Anson,  M.  D.,  worthy  of  honorable 


588 


MOOERS. 


MOORE. 


romcmbrnncc,  died  in  New  Haven  Feb.  11,  IR.'i.j, 
nged  (!.') ;  n  victim  to  the  ship  fever,  coiitratted  in 
the  tiiiilil'iil  (iiseliHrge  of  liis  duly. 

MOOI'.JIS,  IJiAJAMlN,  ^'eiierul,  died  at  TlattH- 
l)urnii  l''el).  L*(),  \HliH,  aj^eil  N(L^  lie  was  a  soldier 
of  tlie  Revolution,  and  settlen  in  the  wilderness 
of  New  York  in  ITKJ,  He  held  tlie  rank  of 
inajor-fjeneral,  and  commanded  at  the  sk'gu  of 
riattsl)urf,'h. 

MOOR,  MoUDi.CAi,  died  in  Clinton,  Maine,  in 
18-10,  nged  103.     lie  served  in  tlie  French  war. 

MOORK,  J.\MKS,  governor  of  South  Carolina 
in  1700  to  170;i,  and  in  171!),  imdertook  an  un- 
Buccessful  and  costly  expedition  against  Florida. 
The  e.\i)cnsc  occasioned  the  first  issue  of  jiajier 
money  under  the  iianiu  of  hills  of  credit, 

MOORl',,  Ar.KX.VNDlcii,  Dr.,  died  at  Uorden- 
town,  N.  J.,  Aug.  30,  178j,  aged7l.  lie  had 
been  nearly  forty  years  in  practice,  n  man  of  skill 
and  of  a  cheerful  temper. 

JIOORK,  Aim.viiAJi,  minister  in  Newbury, 
Mass.,  died  in  1801,  aged  33.  Horn  in  London- 
derry, he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1780,  and 
was  ordained  in  170G. 

MOORE,  IIaxnaii,  died  in  Effingham  county, 
Virginia,  May  25,  1802,  aged  111  years. 

MOORE,  John,  colonel,  died  at  Xorridgo- 
wock,  Maine,  in  1809,  aged  77.  lie  commanded 
on  the  left  of  the  troops  at  the  battle  of  Bunker 
Hill. 

MOORE,  Alfred,  judge  of  the  supreme  court 
of  the  United  States,  died  at  Belfont,  N.  C,  in 
1810,  aged  65.  lie  was  a  native  of  North  Caro- 
lina and  a  jiatriot  of  the  Revolution.  He  was  a 
captain  in  a  Carolina  regiment  at  the  age  of 
nineteen,  and  sacrificed  a  great  portion  of  his 
ample  fortune  in  the  cause  of  his  country.  After 
the  peace  he  studied  law,  and  in  liis  profession 
■was  the  rival  of  Davie  and  acquired  a  large  for- 
tune. He  succeeded  Mr.  Iredell  as  judge  in 
1800,  but  resigned  the  office  in  1805. 

MOORE,  Benjamin,  D.  1).,  bishop  of  New 
York,  died  at  Greenwich  Feb.  27,  1816,  aged  07. 
He  was  born  at  Newtown,  Long  Island,  Oct.  16, 
1748,  and  educated  at  King's  college,  New  York. 
His  father  was  Samuel  M.,  a  farmer.  He  was 
chosen  the  rector  of  Trinity  church  in  1800;  was 
president  of  Columbia  college  from  1801  to  1811  j 
and  was  for  some  years  a  bishop.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Bishop  Ilobart.  He  published  a  ser- 
mon before  the  convention,  1804 ;  on  disobedience, 
in  American  preacher,  vol.  i. ;  iniquity  its  own 
accuser,  in  vol.  ii. 

MOORE,  WiLLLVM,  M.  D.,  a  physician,  brother 
of  the  preceding,  died  in  1824,  aged  70.  He 
was  born  at  Newtown,  Long  Island,  in  1754.  In 
1778  he  went  to  Europe  for  liis  medical  education. 
For  more  than  forty  years  he  was  in  extensive 
practice  in  New  York,  and  highly  respected  for 


his  virtues  and  religion.  He  ]nd)lishrd  variom 
]>np('rs  in  the  American  medical  rcgistiT,  the 
repository,   and    in    the    New  York  journal.  — 

MOORE,  Jacob  Baii.ey,  Dr.,  a  surgeon  in 
the  army,  died  in  IS13,  oged  40.  He  was  of 
a  Scotch  family,  who  settled  at  Georgetown,  .Me.; 
his  father  was  a  jihysician  and  a  surgeon  in  a  na- 
tional vessel.  He  followed  his  father's  ])rof'eNsi(]n 
in  Andover,  N.  H.,  from  1706  until  the  war  of 
1812,  when  he  entered  the  army.  Ho  was  skilled 
in  music,  and  wrote  songs.  Some  of  his  musicnl 
com])ositions  are  in  Ilolyoke's  repository.  —  Ci/cl, 
of  Am  ft:  Lit, 

MOORE,  JoX.VTHAN,  third  minister  of  Roches- 
ter, Mass.,  died  in  1814,  aged  75.  Born  at  Ox- 
ford, Mass.,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  17(il; 
was  settled  in  1768;  and  resigned  in  1702.  Dr. 
Cobb  was  settled  in  1799. 

MOORE,  Zei'IIaniaii  Swift,  D.  I).,  president 
of  Williams  college  and  first  president  of  Amherst 
college,  died  June  30,  1823,  aged  52.  He  was 
born  at  Palmer,  Mass.,  Nov.  20,  1770;  was  grad- 
uated at  Dartmouth  college  ii>  1793;  and  was 
the  minister  of  Leicester  froui  1798  till  1811, 
when  he  was  appointed  jirofessvji  of  languages  in 
Dartmouth  college.  In  Sejiteniber,  1815,  he  was 
chosen  jjrcsident  of  Williams  college,  llati^ig 
co-oj)erated  in  the  ineffectual  attemjjt  to  remove 
this  college  to  Hampshire  county,  his  situation 
was  rendered  un])lcasant  at  Williamstown ;  so 
that  when  the  collegiate  seminary  was  established 
at  Amherst  in  1821,  and  before  it  was  incorpo- 
rated as  a  college,  he  was  invited  to  preside  over 
it.  He  dice  ^.f  the  cholera  at  Amherst.  His  wife 
was  the  dm-ghter  of  Thomas  Drury  of  Ward. 
He  published  a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of  Mr. 
Cotton  at  Palmer,  1811;  at  the  election,  1818; 
at  ordination  of  L.  P.  Bates,  1823. 

MOORE,  Elizabeth,  Mrs.,  died  in  Pitt  county, 
North  Carolina,  in  1833,  aged  100. 

MOORE,  Hugh,  a  printer,  died  at  Amheritt, 
N.  II.,  in  1837,  aged  28.  He  was  editor  of  the 
Burlington  Sentinel. —  Cycl.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

MOORE,  Henuy  E.,  son  of  Dr.  Jacob  B.  ^I., 
died  at  East  Cambridge,  Nass.,  in  1841,  aged  3.S. 
He  served  as  a  printer  with  Isaac  Hill ;  published 
in  1825  the  Grafton  Journal,  at  Plymouth,  N.  II. ; 
and  then  soon  devoted  liis  whole  attention  to 
music.  He  published  the  musical  catechism; 
collection  of  instrumental  music  ;  also  of  cluirch 
music  ;  the  choir ;  the  northern  harp ;  anthoiiis, 
etc. 

MOORE,  James,  M.  D.,  Rev.,  of  Grand  Bassa 
in  Africa,  died  on  his  way  to  the  United  States 
in  1851.  A  slave  in  America,  by  his  industry  lie 
was  enabled  to  jiurchasc  himself  and  family. 
Living  with  a  physician  in  Washington,  he  ac- 
quired much  knowledge  of  medicines  and  was 


MOORE. 


IfORuAK. 


589 


a^nifttant  pliyxlcinn  to  tlio  African  rolnny.  Hf  I 
was  II  iiu'inbor  of  tlii!  McthoiliNl  cIiuitIi  anil  a  | 
|)rca(licr. 

MOOIII',,  Jacoii  H.,  printer  and  editor,  died 
Sept.  Ii  lN,');j,  Mfjed  i'jO.  He  wnn  the  Hon  of  l)r. 
Moore  of  Andover,  N.  H.  In  IHIH  and  after- 
wards h<'  was  n  partner  willi  Isaac  Mill  nt  Con- 
cord, in  tlie  printin);  mid  l)ooksellin){  liusiiiess. 
lie  liecanie  an  able  ]>olitical  writer,  and  i^twv 
miieli  attention  to  the  history  and  anticpiities  of 
New  Knfjhind,  assistinf?  Mr.  J.  Farmer  in  his 
works.  He  established  thu  Now  IIani|)Hhire 
Statesman.  Iteeeiving  an  appointment  in  the 
j^eneral  ])ost-o(Iicc  department,  ho  removed  to 
Washington.  Afterwards  ho  was  at  Now  York, 
librarian  of  the  historical  society.  On  the  elec- 
tion of  I'rcsidcnt  Taylor  he  was  sent  to  California 
in  charife  of  the  jiost-offico  department,  lly  his 
(Treat  labors  his  health  was  broken  down,  and 
twice  was  he  oblij^cd  to  return  to  Now  Knfj;land. 
llo  died  at  Uellows  Falls,  Vt.  The  jjfcsent  libra- 
rian of  the  New  York  historical  society  is  his  son. 
IIi§  sister  married  Dr.  Thomas  Brown,  who  died 
of  the  cholera  at  Manchester  in  August,  1H19, 
himself  n.  leader  in  the  temperance  cause.  Mr. 
M.  was  a  man  of  prcat  intelligence  and  industry, 
and  of  great  urbanity  of  manners.  lie  published 
a  history  of  Andover,  and  of  Concord ;  and,  with 
Dr.  Farmer,  historical  collections,  and  a  gazetteer 
of  New  IIami)shire;  the  laws  of  trade  in  the 
United  States,  1840.  —  Cyd.  n/Amer.  Lit. 

^lOOUE,  Samuki.,  died  at  Albion,  Maine,  Oct. 
21,  18j4,  aged  nearly  100. 

MOOllE,  David,  D.>D.,  died  at  Richmond, 
New  York,  Sept.  30,  1806,  aged  09,  rector  for 
forty-eight  years  of  St.  Andrews  church,  Staten 
Island.  lie  was  the  oldest  son  of  Richard  Chan- 
ning  Moore,  I).  D.,  late  bishop  of  Virginia. 

MOORIIEAD,  Joiuj,  minister  in  Boston,  died 
Dec.  2,  1773,  aged  70.  He  was  born  near  Bel- 
fast in  Ireland  about  the  year  1703,  and  com- 
pleted his  education  at  one  of  the  universities  of 
Scotland.  He  arrived  at  Boston  in  1729  or  1730, 
being  invited  to  become  the  minister  of  some 
emigrants  from  the  north  of  Ireland,  who  had 
sought  in  that  town  the  peaceable  enjoyment  of 
civil  and  religious  liberty.  The  first  meeting  for 
the  election  of  elders  was  held  July  14,  1730, 
and  the  church  was  formed  according  to  the 
model  of  the  Presbyterian  church  of  Scotland. 
He  devoted  himself  entirely  to  liis  benevolent 
work,  and  such  was  the  success  of  his  labors,  and 
the  accession  of  foreign  Protestants,  that  the 
communicants  in  1736  were  about  two  hmidrcd 
and  tifty.  His  successor  was  Robert  Annan,  lie 
visited  once  or  twice  ui  the  year  all  the  families 
of  his  congregation,  for  the  purpose  of  imparting 
religious  instruction,  and  he  concluded  his  visit 
with  prayer,  which  he  always  performed  upon  his 
kuees.    Keeping  the  great  object  of  the  ministry 


continimlly  in  \'.vy      r  wnn  imwen     d  in  hi>4  imj. 
diiivors  to  pnmioti-  Jn- fdidcnfif"     iiid  f-.dval; 
of  his  p('o|ili'.     His  mind   was   iml    drstiliih     i.f 
strength,  his  iniagiiiatlnn  was  lively,  luid  bin  ii   'K* 
ner   was   solemn,   all'cctionate,    and   |)nthetii    «» 

i;iii<,i>ii.it,  II.  ;t!);i-:i!M!. 

MOUI'.IIF.AI).  .IaMIM  T.,  governor  of  Kw*- 
tiifky,  dii'd  at  CoNinglon  Drc.  '_'«,  |H,")|,  i.md  :,h. 
He  was  a  lawyer,  and  held  various  olliccs  ;  was 
governor  in  1831,  aii<l  an  eminent  Hoiiutor  of  the 
United  Slates  from  1811  to  IN  17. 

MORKI.Ii,  Wii.ilAM,  a  poet,  accompanied  Rol)- 
erf  Gorges  to  this  country  in  Sept.,  KJ.'I.'I,  with  a 
cdinir.ission  to  su|ieriiileii(l  the  ecclehiasiical  con- 
cerns of  New  England.  Hut,  as  (iorges  failed  in 
his  ])lan  of  a  general  government,  Morell  had  no 
o))|)ortunity  to  act  under  his  einnmission.  He 
lived  about  a  year  at  Weymouth  and  I'lymouth, 
and  then  returned.  The  result  of  his  observa- 
tions on  the  country,  the  Indians,  etc.,  he  wrought 
into  a  poem,  which  ho  published  in  Latin  and 
English.  It  is  ])rinted  in  the  historical  collec- 
tions, I.    The  following'  is  a  specimen : 

"  A  gmnd  ctillil  to  cnrtirn  iinnicllw  In  hnrn, 
W(!ll  llnili'il,  well  ihtt'iI,  fair,  ridi,  hmwI,  yet  forlorn ; 
Thou  lilt'Ht  dircrtor,  so  (Unit  my  vitmi 
Tliiit  it  inny  win  licr  pcnplii,  frIi'ndH.  inimni'irpi 
WhlUt  Iht  sw*H't  nir,  rlcti  ^mll,  Mcfft  Ht-as.  my  pen 
ghull  bluzc,  Hiid  tt'll  tlio  imtiin'H  of  hiT  ini'U." 

MORELL,  GF.ouGf;,  chief  justice  of  Michigan, 
died  at  Detroit  in  1840,  aged  59.  Born  in  Lenox, 
Mass.,  he  graduated  at  Williams'  college. 

MOREY,  Gkouoe,  died  in  Aug.,  1829,  aged 
79,  in  the  40th  year  of  his  ministry,  at  Wal])ole, 
Mass.     He  was  a  graduate  of  Harvard  in    1770. 

MOREY,  Samukl,  M.  D.,  died  in  Norton, 
Mass.,  in  1836,  aged  79,  an  excellent  jdiysician. 
He  was  a  graduate  of  Yale  in  1777,  and  a  sur- 
geon in  the  army ;  at  last,  for  his  services  ho  re- 
ceived a  ]iension. 

^lORGAN,  AliEI-,  Baptist  minister  of  Pen- 
nopek,  Penn.,  was  born  in  Wales  in  1037,  and 
came  to  this  country  in  1711.  Ho  died  Dec.  10, 
1722.  Ho  compiled  a  folio  concordance  to  the 
Welch  Bible,  i)rinted  at  Philadeliihia ;  and  also 
translated  "  century  confession  "  into  Welch,  with 
additions. — JJeneJict,  l.  583. 

MORGAN,  John,  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S.,  a  learned 
])hysician,  died  in  1789,  aged  o3.  He  was  born 
in  Philadelphia  in  1735.  When  he  had  com- 
jileted  the  study  of  physic  under  the  care  of  Dr, 
Redman,  ho  entered  into  the  service  of  his  coun- 
try as  a  surgeon  and  lieutenant  with  the  provin- 
cial troops  in  the  last  war  which  was  carried  on 
against  the  French  in  America.  He  acquired 
both  skill  and  reputation  as  a  surgeon  in  the 
army.  In  the  year  1700  ho  went  to  r;uro])o  to 
jjrosocute  his  studies  in  medicine.  After  attend- 
ing the  lectures  of  William  Hunter,  he  sj)cnt  two 
years  at  Edinburgh,  where  he  received  the  in- 


690 


MORGAN. 


MOROAX. 


utruclionn  of  Monro,  Ciillcri,    Rutlicrford,  Wliyf, 
nild    llo|i<-,       lie    then    imlili.slii'd    itii   clalioniti' 
tlieniN  iijiDii   tlii>  fiirMKitioii  ol'  piiN,  mill   mm  nd- 
niittcd    (i>  the   dc^'rci'   ii>'   doctor  nl'   nii'diiiiic. 
From  l''.(liiiliiirKli  lii'  wtnt  lo  I'liriN.     lie  iiNo  vis- 
ited  llolliiiid  mid    Italy.     During'  liif*  iilmciiri'  lie 
concerted  with  I)r.  Slii|)|i('ii  the  pliiii  nC  it  medical 
Ncliool  ill  I'hiladelphiii,  iiinl  on  hin  iirrivnl  in  17(l-^ 
«rnn  iminediiitcly  elected  proleNNor  of  the  theory 
and  priietioe  of  medicine  in   the  colle^fo  of  llint 
city.     He  Hooii  dellvereil  Ih'n  plan   for  eonnectiii^j 
n  medical  school  with  the  eolle({e.     [n    MI'M  he 
Raw  the  friiitH  of  his  lahorH,  for  in  that  year  live 
yonnjf   ({ciitlemen    received   the   first  honors   in 
medicine  that  were  eonferri'd  in  America.     IIo 
wn«  nctive  in  estaliliNhinn  the  American   philn- 
Rophicnl  society  in   I  "(if).     In   177.'l  he  went  to 
Jamaica  to  solicit  lienefaclions  for  the  advancr- 
ment   of  fjeneral   literature   in   the   collcfjo.     In 
Oct.,  177.'),  ho  was  oppointed  hy  congress  rlirecfor 
general  and  physician-in-chief  to  thefjeiicral  hos- 
pital of  the  Amorieaii  army,  in  the  jilace  of  Dr. 
Church.     1  le  immediately  repaired  to  Canihrid^jc  ; 
but  in  1777  he  was  removed  from  his  ofKce  with- 
out an  opportunity  to  vindicate  himself.    The  dis- 
sensions  between  the   stirffcons  of  the   general 
hospital  and  of  the  regiments,  and  other  circiim- 
Btances,   pave  rise    to    calumnies  against    him. 
After  his  removal  he  presented  himself  before  o 
committee  of  congress,  appointed  by  his  request, 
ond  was  honorably  acquitted.     His  successor  in 
the  professor's  chair  was  Dr.  Rush.    He  published 
tentomcn  medicum  de  puris  confectionc,  17(i3;  a 
aiNcourse  u])on  the  institution  of  medical  schools 
in  America,  1705;  four  dissertations  on  the  re- 
ciprocal advantages  of  a  pcr])ctual  union  between 
Great  Britain  and  her  American  colonies,  17fifl; 
a  recommendation  of  inoculation,  1770  j  a  vindi- 
cation of  his  ])ublic  character  in  the  station  of 
director-general.  —  nush'ii  Address,  etc. ;  Ameri- 
can Museum,  VI.  353-355. 

MORGAN,  T)axii:l,  brigadier-general,  a  dis- 
tinguished officer  of  the  Revolution,  died  July  0, 
1802,  aged  05.  He  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in 
1737.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  ho  emigrated  to 
Virginia,  in  1755,  and  being  without  property, 
dependent  on  his  daily  labor,  he  obtained  em- 
ployment from  farmer  Roberts  of  Berkeley  co., 
now  Jefferson.  Afterwards  he  was  engaged  to 
drive  a  wagon  for  J.  Ashley,  who  lived  on  Shenan- 
doah river,  in  Frederic  county.  At  last  he  be- 
came the  owner  of  a  wagon  and  horses,  and  was 
employed  by  J.  Ballantine  on  Occoquan  creek. 
A  British  writer  mentioned  it  as  a  matter  of 
reproach,  that  Gen.  Morgan  was  once  a  wag- 
oner. He  shared  in  the  perils  of  Braddock's 
expedition  against  the  Indians,  probably  as  a 
wagoner,  and  was  wounded  by  a  l)ullet  through 
his  neck  and  cheek.  It  is  said,  also,  that  in  this 
campaign  he  was  unjustly  punished  on  the  charge 


of  contumely  to  an  odlcer,  and  received  five  hnn- 
ilrcil  lii«hcH.  l''rom  the  age  of  twenty  to  ihut  of 
thirty  he  was  diNsipatt'd,  a  Ireipienter  of  tippling 
and  gamliliiig  Iioiincs,  and  olh'ii  cngngcd  in  pugi- 
listic coiiibals,  at  llcrrvNtowM,  a  siynU  villiigc  in 
P'rcdcric  county.  I'Voni  this  dcgrn'iation  he  ro^o 
to  ii.vcl'iiliu'Ks  and  honor  as  a  foidier.  In  ci\i|  life 
he  might  also  have  been  distiiigu:Hlicd,  had  ho 
sought  to  educate  liimself.  The  jirollts  of  his 
buNinesN  as  a  wagoner  ciiabicd  him  to  buy  a  triut 
of  land  in  I'rederic,  on  which  he  built  a  house, 
and  where  he  lived  at  the  ciimnuMiceniciit  of  ihu 
Rr'volutionary  war.  Soon  after  the  battle  of 
Lexington  he  was  ap))ointcd  a  captain  by  con- 
gress, June  '2'2,  1775,  and  diiected  lo  raise  a 
company  of  riflemen  and  niarth  to  Iloston.  Rc- 
cr\iitiiig  very  soon  ninety-six  men,  he  arrived  at 
Rostnn  after  a  march  of  twenty-one  days.  In 
Sept.,  he  was  detached  in  the  expedition  against 
(iuebec,  and  inarched  with  y\rnold  through  tho 
wilderness  of  Maine.  In  the  attack  on  the  city 
of  (Jiiebec,  Dec.  31,  1775,  he  was  with  the  jiarfy 
which  attacked  on  the  northerly  side,  along  the 
St.  Charles.  Arnold  being  wounded,  Morgan 
and  his  riflemen  assaulted  the  battery  of  two  guns 
at  the  west  angle  of  tho  town,  in  a  street  culled, 
not  Saint  des  Matelots,  as  Marshall  says,  but 
Sanlt  an  Maichit,  or  sailor's  lea]) ;  and,  firing  m.o 
the  einbraKures,  and  mounting  tho  barricade  by 
ladders,  soon  carried  tho  battery.  Col.  Green, 
who  commanded,  marched  about  daylight  to  at- 
tack the  second  borrier,  which  was  just  around 
the  angle  of  tho  town.  But  this  attack  was  in- 
effectual, as  tho  enemy  fired  from  the  stone  houses 
on  each  side  of  the  street  as  well  as  from  tho 
port-holes,  besides  j)ouriiig  over  grape-shot  from 
a  cannon  on  a  high  jilatform  within  the  barrier. 
In  the  rear  also  there  was  a  strong  force  to  ])rc- 
vent  their  retreat.  Morgan  and  the  survivors 
were  taken  prisoners.  After  his  exchange  he  re- 
joined the  amy,  and  was  ajipointed  to  the  com- 
mand of  a  regiment.  Being  sent  to  the  assistance 
of  Gen.  Gates,  he  contributed  to  the  capture  of 
Burgoyne,  though  Gates  neglected  to  sj)cak  of 
his  merit.  lie  afterwards  served  under  Gates 
and  Greene  in  the  campaign  at  the  south.  With 
admirable  skill  and  bravery  he  defeated  Tarleton 
in  the  battle  of  the  Cowpens,  Jan.  17,  1781,  tak- 
ing upwards  of  five  hundred  prisoners.  For  this 
action  congress  voted  him  a  golden  medal.  Soon 
afterwards  he  retired  from  the  army,  and  returned 
to  his  farm.  In  the  whiskey  insurrection  in  1794, 
AVashington  summoned  him  to  command  the 
militia  of  Virginia.  He  afterwards  was  elected  a 
member  of  congress.  In  July,  1799,  he  pub- 
lished an  address  to  his  constituents,  vindicating 
the  administration  of  Mr.  Adams.  His  health 
declining,  he  removed  from  his  residence,  called 
Saratoga,  to  a  farm  near  Berrysville,  and  after  a 
few  years  to  Winchester.    Gen.  Lee  says,  that  no 


MOIUiAN. 

mnn  lirtfpr  lovd  thi<  world,  mid  no  mrin  tnotp ! 
rcliidnnth  (iiiittctl  ir.     In  Iii>.  l:ist  jcnrn  hi'  iiruii- 
frstC'l  (ircat   iK'nitcnrr  for  the  folliix  i>{  lii-i  ciiily 
life,  aid  lu-i'iini'  n  nicndwr  i)f  the  I'n'Nliytciiiin 
cliiinh  of   Wiiiclirsicr.     He   died  nflcr  n  loiifif ' 
niid  di.ttrPHslnjf  NiikncNu.     His  Mm  was  n  capfniti  ' 
ill  the  iiorihcrii  nrniy  in   IHI'J,  —  He  wn»  stout 
niid  nrlivp,  nix  feet  !ii  liciglit,  llttcd   tor  llip  toils 
of  wi»r.     Ill  liii*  military  <'oiiiriiaiid  lie  was  indul- 
gent.    Hit   manners  were  plain,  nnd  his  ronvcr- 1 
intiim  ^'nivc  and  sententious.     Helleclinj^  ileeply,  ' 
his  jud^'ii  ent  wns  solid,  and  what  ho  undertook 
ho  executed  with   unshaken   ronraf^e  mid  peise- 
vcraiu'p.     J.  Cjirnham'H  life  of  .Morj^an  wns  puh- 
lished  in  IH.Vl. 

MOlKi.W,  Wn.l.lAM.  dortnr,  died  nt  Chailes- 
tnii,  S.  {'.,  in  July,  IS()!». 

MOItO.W,  Sdi.omon,  minister  in  r'annan, 
Conn.,  died  in  IHO!),  n^i'd  oU.  Horn  in  Canter- 
hury,  he  was  not  educated  at  polle;;e.  lie  was 
ordaiiu'fl  in  1  "!)!>,  over  the  second  iiarish;  was 
dismissed  in  IHOl  j  and  had  n  liii(,'eiinf^  sickness. 

MOUOAN,  JoiIX,  Kcneral,  n  soldier  of  the 
Revolution,  died  nt  IMiiladeljihia  in  May,  1N17. 
Major-},'ciicral  James  Mor^jnn  died  at  South  Am- 
hoy,  X.  J.,  in  1H'J2,  ngcd  (iO. 

MOKOAX,  William,  cnjitain,  n  victim  of  free- 
masonry, died  Sept.  10,  lM2(i.  Ho  was  born  in 
Culpppitcr  CO.,  Vn.,nl)out  \lir>.  Ho  foufjhtin  the 
battle  of  Xew  Orleans  under  Gen.  Jnekson,  Jan.  M, 
1815.  In  Oct.,  IHl!),  ho  married  Luciiidn  I'endli-- 
toii  of  Richmond,  V'a.  In  182 1  he  removed  to  York, 
Upper  Canada,  where  ho  commenced  the  business 
of  n  brewer  j  but,  his  buildinf^s  beinij;  destroyed 
by  fire,  ho  removed  to  Rochester,  mid  then  to 
Batavia,  in  the  State  of  New  York.  His  trade 
was  that  of  a  mason.  Haviiip  resolved  to  pub- 
lish a  book,  disclosing  the  ridiculous  secrets  of 
free-masonry,  and  his  intentions  beiiif;  known,  the 
free-masons  resolved  to  suppress  the  book,  and  to 
punish  him  for  his  anti-masonic  conduct.  He 
was  first  thrown  into  prison  at  Cnnandaigua  for 
an  alleged  debt ;  a  free-mason  paid  the  debt,  and, 
tailing  him  out  of  the  prison,  placed  him  in  a 
carriage  at  the  door,  Sept.  11,  1H2G;  and,  thus 
attended  and  guarded  by  a  sufficient  number  of 
free-maaons,  he  wns  conveyed  eighty  or  ninety 
wiles  to  Fort  Niagara,  commanded  by  Col.  King, 
a  free-mason.  After  being  confined  u  few  days, 
ho  was  removed  from  the  fort,  and  has  never  been 
seen  since  that  time.  The  evidence  elicited  has 
put  it  beyond  a  doubt  that  he  was  murdered  by 
free-masons  in  the  night,  and  his  body  was  prob- 
ably sunk  in  the  Niagara  river.  This  murder 
was  the  consequence  of  the  masonic  oaths,  the 
result  of  the  principles  of  free-masonry;  and 
many  ma.sons,  in  various  places,  have  justified  the 
deed.  Capt.  Morgan  was  a  royal  arch  mason, 
being  the  seventh  degree,  and  he  had  taken  seven 
oatlis,  binding  himself  not  to  reveal  any  of  the 


MOUOAN. 


r.oi 


HCfTpfi  nf  WHW^nry.  under  prnnlfy  of"  hiving?  Iijn 
throat  cut  111  ross,  liii  toii^^ue  lorn  'Mil  liv  llio 
roots,"  and  Inxiiij,'  ••  bis  litl  lueast  torn  op(  u,  liii 
lii'art  mid  vitnls  tnkni  from  thence  mid  tliroun 
over  his  left  shoulder,"  and  other  iieimllies  of 
similar  l.orror.  In  the  exeeution  oC  tlirso  penal- 
ties .Mor;;an  was  doiihlless  inuiilered  liv  frer- 
niasoMs.  Such  mi  cMut  as  the  ;ili(!ii(tlnn  iind 
nuirdi'i  of  a  Ullow  eiti/en  for  niiTely  e\|iosing 
the  imposture  of  iVee-liiusoiiiy,  i\hieli  he  hail  en- 
gaged to  keep  secret,  naturally  aroused  the  indig- 
iimit  spirit  of  the  people  of  this  country,  especially 
as  IVee-nnsonry,  too  strong  for  llie  laws,  slill  pro- 
tected the  niunlerers.  Rieliaid  Rush,  the  min- 
ister to  London  iiiid  secretary  of  the  treasury  in 
the  iiiliiiiiiistr;\lion  of  ,|.  il,  .Vilnius,  in  his  letter 
of  M;ircli  2,  is;t2,  says,  "A  fellow  eili/.eii  in  Xew 
Voik  has  been  iiiurderetl  by  a  large  and  i!;iriiig 
conrederney  of  tVee-inasoiis,  for  telling  llit  ir  se- 
crets. The  spirit  that  led  to  this  deed  ban 
proved  itselfable  to  rescue  the  niurdi'vers  from 
punisliineiit  i  for  mii.soiiic  wilnesies  would  not 
lestit'y  against  brother  masons,  nor  would  iiiiisonio 
jurymen  convict  them,  all  hough  jurymen  not 
inasdiiic  were  salislied  of  their  guilt.  This  is 
enough.  It  shows  the  lodge  to  lie  too  strong  for 
the  law.  Can  there  lie  a  greater  reproach  to  tho 
Repulilic?"  "It  has  been  demonstrated,  that 
ovil-niindod  men,  or  those  of  weak  understniid- 
iiigs,  coniinitted  murder  under  color  of  these 
oiitlis."  "Masonry  works  in  the  dark.  Such 
nil  institution  is  dangerous.  It  ought  not  to  bo 
nllowcd  to  exist  in  n  w  ll-goveriied  country." 
The  writer  of  this  ar'icle  published  the  followii.g 
remark  n  quarter  of  a  century  ago:  "Whether 
the  institution  of  masonry,  with  its  false  preten- 
sions te  antiquity,  its  mumnierios,  its  ridiculous 
secrets,  its  horrible  oaths,  and  shocking  blas- 
phemies, all  exposed  to  full  light,  and  red  with 
the  blood  of  its  victim,  cnn  yet  sustain  itself  in 
this  land  of  laws,  and  of  nuirali',  and  of  Chris- 
tianity, assailed  by  two  hundred  niid  thirty  news- 
papers established  for  the  special  purjioso  of 
overthrowing  tho  inslitulion,  and  with  ten  iliou- 
sands  of  intelligent,  patriotic,  and  indignant  men 
frowning  upon  it,  remains  to  be  seen."  In  the 
result  the  institution  has  disapjieared  :  recent  at- 
temjits  have  been  mnde  to  revive  it. 

MORGAN,  AsAi'ii,  minista-  of  St.  Albans,  Vt., 
died  in  1828,  in  the  21th  year  of  his  ministry. 

MOItGAN,  AsiiuuY,  a  Methodist  minister, 
died  at  Charleston,  S.  C,  in  1828,  aged  30. 

^lORGAN,  CiiAiiLKS  W.,  commodore,  died  in 
command  of  the  navy-yard  in  Washington,  Jan. 
0,  1853.  Born  in  Virginia,  a  nephew  of  Gen. 
Morgan,  he  entered  the  navy  in  1808,  and  was 
distinguished  in  the  Constitution.  In  1819  ho 
commanded  the  naval  forces  in  tho  Mediterranean, 
and  remained  on  that  station  three  years. 

MORIIILL,  Moses,  minister  of  Biddeford,  Me., 


592 


MORRILL. 


MORRIS. 


died  in  1778,  aged  50.  Born  in  Salisburj',  Mass., 
he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  il'M,  tuid  was  settled 
in  1742.  lie  succeeded  S.  Willard,  tlie  first  min- 
ister. 

MORRILL,  Isaac,  minister  of  Wilmington, 
Mass.,  died  in  1793,  aged  16,  having  heen  a  faith- 
ful pastor  52  years.  Born  in  Salisbury,  he  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  in  1737.  He  j)ui)lished  a  sermon 
to  Capt.  Osgood  and  his  com])any,  1755. 

MORRILL,  Isaac,  a  respectetl  physician,  died 
at  Natick,  Mass.,  in  1839,  aged  92. 

MORRILL,  Thomas,  a  Methodist  minister, 
died  at  EUzabethtown  in  July,  1839,  aged  90.  He 
vas  a  major  of  the  militia  in  the  Revolutionary 
war,  but  after  1785  was  a  man  of  peace. 

MORRILL,  David  L.,  LL.  D.,  governor  of 
New  Hampshire,  died  at  Concord  I'Y'b.  4,  1849, 
aged  77.  Born  in  Epping,  from  1802  to  1811  he 
was  a  minister  of  GofFstown,  N.  II.,  but  was  after- 
wards in  political  life.  He  was  a  senator  of  the 
United  States  from  1816  to  1822,  and  governor 
from  1824  to  1820.  He  published  a  sermon  on 
the  death  of  Lieut.  Roby,  1812. 

MORRIS,  Lfavis,  governor  of  New  Jersey, 
died  May  14,  1740,  aged  about  73.  He  was  the 
son  of  Richard  M.,  an  officer  in  the  time  of  Crom- 
well, who,  at  the  Restoration,  came  to  New  York, 
and,  obtaining  a  grant  of  some  thousand  acres 
of  land  in  AVcstchester  county,  died  in  1073. 
He  was  born  a  short  time  before  the  death  of  his 
father,  and  was  adopted  by  liis  uncle.  Once, 
through  fear  of  his  resentment,  he  strolled  into 
Virginia,  and  thence  to  the  West  Indies.  On  his 
return,  however,  he  was  received  with  joy.  lie 
was  for  several  years  chief  justice  of  New  York. 
He  was  the  second  councillor  of  New  Jersey, 
named  in  Cornbm-y's  commission  in  1702,  and 
continued,  with  several  suspensions,  till  1738, 
when  he  was  appointed  the  first  governor  of  New 
Jersey  as  a  separate  province  from  New  York. 
He  dii-ectcd  his  body  to  be  buried  at  Morrisania, 
N.  Y.,  in  a  plain  coffin,  without  covering  or  lining 
with  cloth ;  he  prohibited  rings  and  scarfs  from 
being  given  at  his  funeral ;  he  wished  no  man  to 
be  paid  for  preaching  a  funeral  sermon  ujion  him, 
though  if  any  man,  cluu'chman  or  dissenter,  min- 
ister or  not,  was  incUncd  to  say  any  thing  on  the 
occasion,  he  should  not  object.  He  prohibited 
any  mourning  dress  to  be  worn  on  his  account, 
as  he  should  die  when  divine  providence  should 
call  him  away,  and  was  unwilling  that  his  friends 
should  be  ut  the  expense,  which  was  owing  only 
to  the  common  folly  of  mankind.  One  of  his 
sons  wns  a  judge  of  the  court  of  vice  admiralty; 
another,  Robert,  was  chief  justice  of  New  Jersey, 
and  judge  of  the  district  court,  and  died  June  2, 
1815,  aged  71;  and  a  third  was  lieutenant-gov- 
ernor of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  man  of  letters, 
and,  though  a  little  wliimsical  in  his  temper,  was 
grave  in  his  manners  and  of  a  most  penetrating 


mind.  No  man  equalled  him  in  the  knowledge 
of  the  law  and  in  the  arts  of  intrigue.  Acute  in 
controversy,  when  he  had  advanced  an  argument 
he  would  not  yield  it,  unless  it  was  disproved  by 
demonstration  almost  mathematical.  —  Smith's 
New  Jersey,  428-435 ;  Smith's  New  York,  125, 
120. 

MORRIS,  Robert  Hunter,  chief  justice  of 
New  Jersey,  the  son  of  the  preceding,  was  for 
near  twenty-six  years  one  of  the  council  of  that 
colony,  and  was  also  lieutenant-governor  of  Penn- 
sylvania from  Oct.,  1754,  to  Aug.,  1756.  The 
office  of  chief  justice  he  resigned  in  the  fall  of 
1757,  and  he  died  Feb.  20,  1764.  His  vigorous 
jiowers  of  mind  were  improved  by  a  liberal  edu- 
cation. As  a  judge  ho  was  impartial  and  upright. 
Insisting  upon  strict  adherence  to  the  forms  of 
the  courts,  ho  reduced  the  pleadings  to  precision 
and  method.  His  address  was  easy,  and  there 
was  a  commanding  influence  in  his  maimers.  He 
was  free  from  avarice;  generous  and  manly, 
though  sometimes  inconsiderate  in  the  relations 
of  Ufe;  often  singular,  sometimes  whimsical,  al- 
ways opinionated,  and  mostly  inflexible.  —  Smith's 
Xew  Jersey,  438,  439. 

MORRIS,  Lewis,  major-general,  grandson  of 
Gov.  Lewis  M.,  died  Jan.  22, 1798,  aged  71.  He 
was  born  at  the  manor  of  Morrisania,  N.Y.,  in  1720. 
He  was  the  eldest  of  four  brothers :  Staats  was 
an  officer  in  the  British  service  and  a  member  of 
])arliament;  Richard  was  judge  of  the  yice-ad- 
miralty  court.  New  York,  chief  justice,  and  died 
in  April,  1810;  and  Gouverneur  was  a  member 
of  congress.  After  graduating  at  Yale  college  in 
1740,  he  settled  down  in  domestic  life  at  Mor- 
risania, having  married  a  Miss  Walton,  and  being 
devoted  to  agricultural  jjursuits.  In  May,  1775, 
he  was  a  member  of  congress,  and  no  one  was 
more  zealous  for  the  interests  of  his  country. 
He  was  sent  to  Pittsburg  to  detach  the  western 
Indians  from  the  British.  Disregarding  his  j)ri- 
vatc  interest,  he  voted  for  the  Declaration  of  In- 
dependence, although  British  sliips  were  lying 
within  cannon-shot  of  his  house.  His  beautiful 
manor  of  Morrisania  was  soon  desolated;  his 
woodland  of  one  thousand  acres  was  destroyed; 
and  his  family  driven  into  exile.  He  retired  from 
congress  in  1777,  and  was  afterwards  general  of 
the  militia.  Three  of  his  sons  served  their  coun- 
try :  one  as  the  aid  of  Sullivan  and  ui  the  family 
of  Greene ;  another  as  the  aid  of  Lee ;  and  a  third 
as  Jieut.  of  artillery.  One  of  these,  I  sujjposc, 
was  Colonel  Lewis  M.,  who  died  at  ^lorrisania  in 
Nov.,  1824,  aged  70. 

MORRIS,  RoDERT,  superintendent  of  the 
finances  of  the  United  States,  died  at  Philadel- 
j)hia  May  8,  1806,  aged  71.  He  was  born  in 
Lancashire,  England,  in  June,  1734 ;  when  he 
was  at  the  age  of  thirteen  his  father  brought  him 
to  this  country.    About  1749  he  was  placed  in 


MORRIS. 


MORRIS. 


503 


the  counting-house  of  Charles  Willing,  an  emi- 
nent merchant  of  I'Iiila(Iel])hia,  after  whose  death 
he  was  taken  into  partnership  by  his  son,  Thomts 
AVilling.  The  partnership  lasted  from  1754  to 
1793,  a  period  of  thirty-nine  years.  At  the  be- 
giuuing  of  the  Revolution  the  house  of  Willing 
and  Morris  was  more  extensively  engaged  in 
commerce  than  any  other  house  in  Philadelphia. 
His  enterprise  and  credit  have  seldom  been 
equalled.  In  1776  he  was  a  member  of  congress 
from  Pennsylvania,  and  his  name  is  affixed  to  the 
Declaration  of  Independence.  In  the  beginning 
of  1781  he  was  intrusted  with  the  management 
of  the  finances,  and  the  services  which,  in  this 
station,  he  rendered  to  his  country,  were  of  incal- 
culable value,  being  assisted  by  his  partner,  Oou- 
verneur  Morris.  He  pledged  himself  personally 
and  extensively  for  articles  of  the  most  absolute 
necessity  to  the  army.  It  was  owing  in  a'  great 
degree  to  him  that  the  decisive  operations  of  the 
campaign  of  1781  were  not  impeded,  or  com- 
pletely defeated,  from  the  want  of  supplies.  He 
proposed  the  plan  of  a  national  bank,  the  capital 
to  be  formed  by  individual  subscription,  and  it 
was  incorporated  on  the  last  day  of  1781.  The 
army  depended  principally  upon  Pennsylvania  for 
flour,  and  he  himself  raised  the  whole  supphes  of 
this  State  on  the  engagement  of  being  reimbursed 
by  the  taxes  which  had  been  imposed  by  law.  In 
1782  he  had  to  struggle  with  the  greatest  difficul- 
ties, for,  with  the  most  judicious  and  rigid  econ- 
omy, the  public  resources  failed,  and  against  him 
were  the  complaints  of  unsatisfied  claimants 
directed.  He  resigned  his  office  after  holding  it 
about  three  years.  In  his  old  age  he  engaged  in 
land  speculations,  by  which  he  lost  his  fortune, 
and  in  his  last  years  he  was  confined  in  prison 
for  debt.  Surely  those  laws  which  send  a  man  to 
prison  for  misfortune,  and  not  for  crime,  will  at 
last  come  to  be  regarded  as  discreditable  to  a 
civilized  community.  His  wife  was  the  sister  of 
Bishop  White.  A  part  of  his  laborious  corre- 
spondence is  published  in  the  Diplomatic  corre- 
spondence, by  J.  Sparks. — Marshall,  IV.  457-460, 
557, 565. 

MORRIS,  Richard,  chief  justice  of  New  York, 
died  at  Westchester  in  April,  1810. 

MORRIS,  Robert,  judge,  died  at  New  Bruns- 
wick, N.  J.,  May  2, 1815,  aged  70.  He  was  chief 
justice  of  New  Jersey  during  the  war ;  and  was 
succeeded  by  Brearley.  Washington  appointed 
liim  district  judge,  which  post  he  held  till  liis 
death. 

MORRIS,  GOUVERNEUR,  minister  of  the  United 
States  to  France,  the  youngest  son  of  LeM'is 
Morris  by  a  second  marriage,  died  Nov.  6,  1816, 
aged  64.  He  was  born  at  Morrisania,  near  New 
York,  Jan.  31,  1752,  and  was  graduated  at  King's 
college  in  1768.  Having  studied  with  William 
Smith,  he  was  chosen  in  May,  1775,  a  member  of 
76 


the  provincial  congress,  and  he  served  zealously 
in  the  same  body  in  subsequent  years  j  in  Oct., 
1777,  he  was  a  member  of  the  continental  con- 
gress.     In    1780  he   removed  to   Philadelphia. 
Being  thrown  from  liis  carriage  in  the  street,  the 
bones  of  liis  leg  were  so  fractured  as  to  render 
amputation  necessary.    The  loss  was  supplied  by 
a  "  rough  stick,"  which  he  never  changed  for  a 
handsome  leg.    In  July,  1781,  he  was  an  assist- 
ant to  Robert  Morris  in  the  superintendence  of 
the  finances,  and  after  the  war  engaged  Avilh  him 
in  commercial  enterprises.    They  were  not  con- 
nected by  blood.    In  Dec,  1786,  he  purchased 
from  his  brother,  a  lieutenant-general  in  the  Brit- 
ish service,  the  estate  of  Morrisania,  and  soon 
made  it  his  abode.    In  the  next  year  he  was  a 
member    for    Pennsylvania  of  the    convention 
which  framed  the  Constitution  of   the  United 
States.     He  proposed  a  senate  for  life.     From 
1788  to  1792  he  resided  chiefly  in  Paris,  engaged 
in  selling  lands  and  in  money  speculations.    In 
1792  he  was  appointed  a  minister  plenipotentiary 
to  France,  and  held  this  place   till  Oct.,  1794. 
Afterwards  he  travelled  on  the  continent.    Re- 
turning to  this  country  in  the  autumn  of  1798, 
he  was  chosen  a  senator  of  the  United  States  in 
1800,  to  fill  a  vacancy  till  1803.    In  the  contest 
for  the  presidency  he  preferred  Jefferson  to  Burr. 
The  project  of  the  great  canal  of  New  York  was 
promoted  by  his  efforts.    He  died  at  Morrisania. 
His  wife,  whom  he  married  in  1816,  was  Miss 
Randolph  of  Virginia.     He  lived  in  hospitality, 
and  was  admired  for  his  various  knowledge  and 
liis  copious   and  eloquent  conversation ;  yet  he 
was  sometimes  overbearing  and  indiscreet.     He 
delivered  two  months  before  his  death  an  address 
to  the  historical  society,  in  which  he  points  out 
the  superiority  of  scriptural  history  to  all  other 
history.     He  regarded  religious  principle  as  ne- 
cessary to   national    independence    and    peace. 
"  There  must  be  something  more  to  hope  than 
pleasure,  wealth,  and  power.    Something  more 
to  fear  than  poverty  and  pain.     Something  after 
death  more  terrible  than  death.    There  must  be 
religion.     When  that  ligament  is  torn,  society  is 
disjointed  and  its  members  perish."    This  final 
testimony  in  favor  of  Scripture  is  the  more  im- 
portant, as  Mr.  Jefferson  represents  that  he  did 
not  believe  in  Christianity.    He  published  obser- 
vations on  the  American  Revolution,  1779;   ad- 
dress against  the  abolition  of  the  bank  of  North 
America,  1735 ;  an  eulogy  on  Washington ;   an 
eulogy  on  Hamilton ;  an  eulogy  on  G.  Clinton ; 
an  oration  before  the  New  York  historical  so- 
ciety,  1812;  oration   on  the  restoration  of  the 
Boui'bons  in  France,   1814;  inaugural  discourse 
as  president  of  the  New  York  historical  society, 
Sept.  4,  1816.     His  life,  with  selections  from  his 
correspondence,  etc.,   was  published    by  Jared 
Sparks  in  3  vols.,  8vo.,  1832. 


' 


604 


MORRIS. 


MORRIS,  James,  an  eminent  teacher  in  Conn., ! 
died  in  Wayncsborough,  Ga.,  in  1820,  aged  about 
65.  lie  graduated  at  Yale  in  lllo,  and  was  an 
officer  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  Afterwards,  in 
his  native  village  of  South  Farms,  in  the  town  of 
Livchficld,  Conn.,  he  founded  and  conducted  a 
very  flourishing  academy  for  the  youths  of  both 
sexes.  —  Dwight's  Travels. 

MORRIS,  Jacob,  general,  died  in  Butternuts, 
Otsego  CO.,  New  York,  Dec.  13,  1843,  aged  89, 
aid  of  Gen.  Lcc  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution. 
He  was  the  son  of  Gen.  Lewis  Morris,  and  the 
patriarch  of  a  numerous  family. 

MORRIS,  CiiARLES,  commodore,  died  at  Wash- 
ington Jan.  27,  1856,  aged  70,  senior  officer  in 
the  navy,  regarded  as  the  ablest  naval  commander 
in  the  world.  A  native  of  Connecticut,  he  entered 
the  navy  in  1799,  served  under  Preble  against  the 
Barbary  States,  and  was  with  Decatur  at  his 
destruction  of  the  frigate  Philadelphia  from  under 
the  guns  of  Tripoli.  In  the  war  of  1812  he  was 
first  lieutenant  in  the  Constitution.  At  the  caj)- 
ture  of  the  Guerriere  he  was  shot  through  the 
body.  During  the  many  years  of  peace  his  ad- 
vice and  services  were  very  important  at  Wash- 
ington.   He  was  chief  of  the  ordnance  bureau. 

MORRISON,  John,  first  minister  of  Peter- 
borough, N.  H.,  died  in  1782,  aged  40.  Bom  in 
Scotland,  educated  at  Edinburgh,  he  was  settled 
in  1766,  and  dismissed  in  1775. 

MORRISON,  Norman,  Dr.,  died  in  Connec- 
ticut in  1791,  aged  71.  He  was  born  in  Scot- 
land; educated  at  Edinburgh;  came  to  this 
country  about  1740;  first  lived  two  years  at 
Wethersfield,  then  settled  at  Hartford,  where  his 
reputation  ever  stood  high  for  science  and  skill. 
He  instructed  pupils.  He  died  at  the  house  of 
his  pupil.  Dr.  Famsworth,  of  Wethersfield.  The 
following  anecdote  is  related :  A  patient  wished 
him  to  consult  an  ignorant  Dr.  Andrus,  who  was 
conversant  with  the  Farmington  Indians,  and  had 
learned  their  skill  in  herbs.  He  agreed,  but  sent 
him  a  note  requesting  a  meeting,  written  in  Latin. 
Dr.  A.  could  make  nothing  of  it.  However,  he 
carried  it  to  Rector  Williams,  who  translated  it. 
The  Yankee  was  not  to  be  outwitted ;  so  he  sent 
back  an  answer  written  in  the  Indian  tongue, 
which  it  was  beyond  the  power  of  Dr.  Morrison 
to  decipher.  —  Williams'  Med.  Biog. 

MORRISON,  William,  D.  D.,  minister  of 
Londonderry,  N.  H.,  a  native  of  Scotland,  suc- 
ceeded David  McGregore,  and  was  ordained  in 
the  west  parish  of  L.,  Feb.  12,  1783.  He  died 
March  9,  1818,  aged  69,  and  was  succeeded  Jan. 
16,  1822,  by  Daniel  Dana,  subsequently  settled 
in  Newburyport.  He  was  an  eminently  pious 
and  useful  minister.  He  published  a  sermon 
at  the  election,  1792 ;  installation  of  J.  Giles, 
1803;  a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of  J.  Walker, 
1812. 


MORSE. 

MORROW,  Jkhemuii,  governor,  died  in  Ohio 
March  22,  1852,  aged  82.  A  native  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, ho  removed  to  the  Northwest  Territory  in 
1795  ;  he  assisted  in  forming  the  constitution  of 
Ohio  in  1802,  and  was  the  first  member  of  con- 
gress, then  a  senator  from  1813  to  1819.  He 
was  also  governor  from  1822  to  1820,  and  subse- 
quently canal  commissioner  and  re])resentativc  in 
congress.  In  all  trusts  he  was  distinguished  for 
good  sense  and  integrity. 

MORSE,  Ebexezeu,  first  minister  of  Boylston, 
Mass.,  died  Jan.  3, 1802,  aged  84.  Bom  in  Med- 
field,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1737;  was  or- 
dained in  1743 ;  and  resigned  in  1775. 

MORSE,  JEDiDLvn,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Charles- 
town,  Mass.,  died  June  9,  1826,  aged  65.  lie 
was  a  native  of  Woodstock,  Conn.,  and  a  de- 
scendant of  Anthony  M.  who  lived  in  Newbury, 
Mass.,  in  1036.  He  was  bom  in  1701;  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  college  in  1783  ;  and  was  installed 
April  30,  1789.  His  predecessors  were  James, 
Symmes,  Harvard,  Allen,  the  Shepards,  Morton, 
Bradstreet,  Stevens,  Abbot,  Prentice,  and  Paine. 
About  1821  he  was  dismissed  and  Mr.  Fay  was 
settled  as  his  successor.  He  died  at  New  Haven. 
His  wife  was  Miss  Breeze  of  New  Jersey,  a  grand- 
daughter of  Pres.  Finley,  and  was  eminent  for 
her  intelligence  and  virtues;  she  died  May  28, 
1828,  aged  01.  One  of  his  sons  is  distinguished 
as  a  painter,  and  is  known  the  world  aver  by 
his  electric  telegraph;  and  two  are  the  editors 
of  the  New  York  Observer.  Dr.  Morse  estab- 
lished the  publication  of  the  Panoplist,  and 
was  for  some  time  its  principal  editor,  until  it 
was  committed  to  Mr.  Evarts.  His  zeal  for 
the  orthodox  faith  caused  him  to  be  much  en- 
gaged in  controversy,  particularly  in  regard  to 
the  election  of  the  IIolLis  professor  of  divinity  at 
Harvard  college.  He  deserves  the  title  of  the 
American  geographer.  He  first  published  geog- 
raphy made  easy,  1784,  and  American  gcograjjhy, 
8vo.,  1789.  In  1793  it  appeared  in  two  vols,  and 
in  many  subsequent  editions.  He  published  also 
the  American  gazetteer,  1797  and  1804.  He 
jjublished  also  thanksgiving  sermons,  1795,  1798, 
1799;  fast  sermons,  1798,  17P9,  1812;  on  the 
death  of  R.  Carey,  1790;  of  Thos.  Russell,  1790; 
of  James  Russell,  1798;  of  George  Washington, 
1800 ;  of  Mary  Russell,  1806 ;  masonic  sermon, 
1798;  address  to  the  Andover  students,  1799; 
before  the  humane  society;  at  the  artillery 
election,  1803 ;  history  of  New  England,  with  E. 
Parish,  1804;  true  reasons  on  wliich  the  elec- 
tion of  a  professor  of  divinity  was  opposed,  1805  ; 
at  the  African  meeting-house,  1808;  at  the  or- 
dination of  H.  May,  1803;  of  J.  Huntington, 
1808;  before  the  asylum,  1807;  before  the  society 
for  propagating  the  gosijcl,  1810;  at  the  conven- 
tion, 1812;  before  a  moral  association,  1813;  ap- 
peal to  the  public  on  the  controversy  concerning 


MORSE. 


MORTON. 


595 


Hanard  college,  1814 ;  ai  the  annual  meeting  of 
the  commissioners  for  foreign  missions,  1821 ;  re- 
port on  Indian  affairs,  being  a  narrative  of  a  tour 
made  in  1820,  8vo.  —  Duditujtons  IlUtory  of 
Charlestown. 

MOUSE,  Natiiamel  S.,  Dr.,  died  in  Sutton 
March  17,  1835,  aged  84;  an  eminent  physician 
and  Christian. 

MORSE,  Mrs.,  widow  of  Asa  M.,  died  in  IJcl- 
chcrtown  Oct.  3,  1843,  aged  99.  She  had  seven 
children,  sixty-two  grandchildren,  one  hundred 
and  forty-four  great-grandchildren,  and  ten 
great-great-grandchildren. 

MORSE,  Stephen,  a  soldier  who  bled  in  the 
war  of  the  Revolution,  died  at  Haverhill,  N.  II. , 
in  IS  13,  aged  88.  Of  his  twelve  sons,  all  but  one 
lived  to  manhood. 

MORSE,  John,  minister  of  Green  River,  Co- 
lumbia county,  died  in  Otsego  county,  N.  Y.,  Jan. 
3,  1844,  aged  80.  Born  in  Medway,  he  gradu- 
ated at  Providence ;  studied  theology  with  Mr. 
Sandford  of  M.,  whose  daughter  he  married. 
From  1792  he  was  minister  at  Green  River 
twenty-three  years,  and  then  twelve  at  Otsego. 
In  both  places  his  labors  were  much  blessed.  lie 
was  a  sound  theologian,  a  faithful  jjreacher. 
Among  his  last  words  he  said  :  "  I  long  to  depart, 
that  I  may  be  with  Christ." 

MORSS,  J,VMES,  Episcopal  minister  in  New- 
buryport,  died  April  26,  1842,  aged  C2 ;  a  grad- 
uate of  1800,  nearly  thirty-nine  years  in  the 
ministry. 

MORTON,  Thomas,  an  early  settler  in  New 
England,  and  a  disturber  of  the  public  j)eace, 
died  about  1646.  He  was  a  lawyer  in  England, 
and  came  first  to  this  country  in  June,  1622,  with 
Weston's  company ,  who  made  a  temporary  set- 
tlement at  'Weymouth.  He  arrived  again  with 
Capt.  WoUaston  in  1G25,  and  settled  at  Mount 
WoUaston,  now  Draintree.  Here  the  company, 
which  did  not  consist  of  persons  influenced  by 
any  religious  considerations,  "  fell  to  great  licen- 
tiousness of  life,  in  all  profanencss,  and  the  said 
Morton  became  lord  of  misrule."  He  s>!i)plied 
the  Indians  with  arms,  that  they  might  bunt  for 
him;  and  in  tliis  way,  as  well  as  by  his  injustice, 
endangered  the  existence  of  the  religious  settle- 
ments. On  May  day,  1626,  a  new  name  was 
given  to  Pasonagessit,  or  Mount  WoUaston,  that 
of  "Ma-rc  Mount,"  commonly  written  Merry 
Jlount,  on  which  occasion  there  was  a  revel.  A 
pine  tree  eighty  feet  in  length,  with  a  pair  of 
buck's  horns  nailed  near  the  toj),  was  brought  to 
the  i)lace,  with  drums,  guns,  and  pistols,  and 
raised  uji ;  a  barrel  of  beer  and  a  ease  of  bottles 
were  i)rovided ;  and  the  company  danced  around 
the  .May-j)ole  hand  in  hand,  while  one  filled  out 
the  liquor  and  all  joined  in  a  licentious  song; 
which,  says  Morton,  was  "  lamentable  to  the  pre- 
Qise  separatists  at  Plymouth. "   The  magistrates,  at 


the  common  request  of  different  plantations,  after 
ineffectual  remonstrances  with  Morton,  sent  Ca])t, 
Standish  to  su])press  the  pestilent  establishment. 
Morton  was  taken   i)risoner  and  transjwrtcd  to 
England  ;  but  the  next  year  he  returned,  and  lie 
was  again  seized  by  the  governor  of  Massachu- 
setts and  transported,  and  his  house  was  demol- 
ished, "  that  it  might  lie  no  longer  a  roost  for 
such  unclean  birds."    He  came  again  to  this  coun- 
try in  1643,  and  after  being  arrested  and  impris- 
oned a  year  for  his  scandalous  book,  was  dis- 
missed with  a  fine  in  1644.     His  age  saved  him 
from  corporal  punishment.     He  died  in  j)overty 
at  Agamenticus.     He  published  New  English  Ca- 
naan,  containing   account  of  the  natives,  a  de- 
scription of  the  country,  and  the  tenets  and  prac- 
tice of  the  church,  4to.,  1632.    The  same  work 
has  the  imprint,  Amsterdam,  1637,  pp.  188.     It 
professes  to  be  written  upon  ten  years'  knowledge. 
As  a  specimen  of  his  skill  in  natural  history,  he 
says,  that  the  humming-bird  "  lives  upon  tlie  bee, 
wlii''h  he  catcheth  among  the  flowers.    Flowers 
he  cannot  feed  upon  by  reason  of  his  sharp  bill." 
lie  descril)es  the  priiiripal  persons  under  fictitious 
names ;  Mr.  Endicott  is  Capt.  Littleworth,  Win- 
throp  is  Joshua  Temperwell,   Standish  is  Capt. 
Shrimp.    He  relates  that  at  Wessagusset  a  young 
man  stole  corn,  and  was  tried  by  Edward  John- 
son, a  special  judge,  and  sentenced  to  death ; 
when  it  was  proposed  to  put  the  young  mcn'a 
clothes  on  an  old,  impotent,  sickly  man,  that  was 
about  to  die,  and  hang  him  instead  of  the  young 
man  ;  and  "  so  they  did."    Such  is  my  memoran- 
dum after  examining  the  book  many  years  ago ; 
Mr.  Savage,  however,  says,  that  he  states  that  the 
proposal  "  was  not  agreed  to."    In  either  case, 
this  was  the  origin  of  the  story  in  Hudibras.  — 
Prince,  76-80;  JIutchiiison,  I.  8,  31,  32. 

JIORTON,  Charles,  minister  of  Charlestown, 
Mass.,  died  April  11,  1698,  aged  71.  He  was 
born  in  England  about  the  year  1626,  and  edu- 
cated at  Oxford,  of  which  college  he  was  fellow. 
He  was  at  fbst  a  royalist  and  zealous  for  the 
church  of  England;  but,  observing  in  the  civil 
wars  that  the  most  debauched  generally  attached 
themselves  to  the  king  in  opposition  to  the  more 
virttious  part  of  the  nation,  he  was  led  to  attend 
more  to  the  controversy  between  the  Prelatists 
and  the  Puritans.  At  length  he  became  a  Puri- 
tan himself.  He  began  his  ministry  at  Blisland. 
After  his  ejectment  by  the  act  of  uniformity  in 
1662,  he  preached  privately  to  a  few  people  till 
the  fire  of  London,  in  1666,  after  w'lich  event  he 
removed  to  that  city  and  established  an  academy 
at  Newiugton  Green.  Among  his  pupils  was  IJe 
Foe,  the  author  of  Robinson  Crusoe.  Many 
young  ministers  were  educated  by  him.  After 
about  twenty  years  continuance  in  an  employ- 
ment for  which  he  was  eminently  qualified,  he 
was  so  infested  by  processes  from  the  biiihop's 


596 


MORTON. 


court  that  he  was  obliged  to  desiHt  froir  it.  lie 
came  to  New  Kii^^laiid  in  July,  KiSO,  and  was  in- 
stalled pastor  of  the  church  in  Charlestown,  Nov. 
6,  1680.  Here  he  continued  till  his  death.  He 
was  succeeded  i)y  Mr.  Uradstrcet.  lie  was  emi- 
nent in  every  khid  of  learning.  Having  a  gentle 
and  benignant  temper,  he  was  endeared  to  all 
his  acciuaintance.  He  wrote  a  number  of  trea- 
tises, but  they  are  chiefly  compendious,  for  he 
was  an  enemy  to  large  volumes,  often  quoting 
the  adage,  a  great  book  is  a  great  evil.  In  Cal- 
amy's  Continuation  there  is  a  copy  of  his  advice 
to  those  of  his  ]>upils  who  were  designed  for  the 
ministry.  Two  of  his  manuscripts  are  still  pre- 
served in  this  country;  the  one  in  the  library 
of  the  Massachusetts  historical  society,  entitled, 
compendium  physicse  ex  authoribus  cxtractum ; 
and  the  other  in  the  library  of  fiowdoin  college, 
entitled,  a  complete  system  of  natural  philosophy 
in  general  and  special.  He  published  the  little 
peace-maker;  foolish  pride  the  make-bate,  1674; 
the  gaming  humor  considered  and  reproved; 
the  way  of  good  men  for  wise  men  to  walk  in ; 
season  birds,  an  inquiry  into  the  sense  of  Jeremiah 
Till.  7 ;  meditations  on  the  first  fourteen  chapters 
of  Exodus,  etc. ;  the  spirit  of  man,  meditations 
on  1  Thess.  v.  23 ;  of  commonplaces  or  memo- 
rial books  ;  a  discourse  on  improving  the  country 
of  Cornwall,  a  part  of  which,  on  sea-sand  for  ma- 
nure, is  printed  in  the  philosophical  transactions, 
April,  1675 ;  considerations  on  the  new  river ; 
letter  to  a  friend  to  prove  money  not  so  necessary 
as  imagined ;  the  ark,  its  loss  and  recovery. 

MOllTON,  Nathanibx,  secretary  of  Plymouth 
colony,  died  June  28,  168a,  aged  73.  He  was 
born  in  England,  and  was  the  son  of  George  M., 
who  came  to  this  country  in  J  uly,  1623,  and  died 
at  PljTnouth  in  June,  1624,  leaving  a  widow,  the 
sister  of  Governor  Bradford,  and  four  sons ;  from 
John,  one  of  these,  descended  Marcus  M.,  and 
from  Ephraim  descended  Perez  M.,  distinguished 
men,  in  the  State  of  Massachusetts.  Mr.  M.  was 
appointed  in  1645  olerk  or  secretary  of  the  colony 
court,  and  continued  in  office  forty  years,  till  his 
death.  He  wrote  in  1680  a  brief  ecclesiastical 
history  of  the  church  at  Plymouth,  in  the  records 
of  the  church,  which  is  preserved  by  Hazard ; 
and  New  England's  memorial,  or  a  brief  relation 
of  the  most  memorable  and  remarkable  jmssages 
of  the  providence  of  God,  manifested  to  the  j)lant- 
ers  of  New  England,  4to.,  1669.  This  work, 
which  is  confined  very  much  to  Plymouth  colony, 
was  compiled  principally  from  manuscripts  of  his 
uncle,  William  Bradford,  extending  from  the  year 
1620  to  1646,  and  he  had  access  also  to  the 
journals  of  Edward  Winslow.  This  work  has 
been  of  great  service  to  succeeding  historians. 
A  second  edition  was  printed  in  1721;  a  fifth, 
with  notes  by  Judge  Davis,  1826 ;  a  sixth,  with 
notes,  by  the  Congregational  board,  1800. 


MOULTON. 

AIORTON,  JoiLV,  a  patriot  of  the  Revolution, 
died  in  1777,  aged  Ho.  He  was  a  native  of  Ches- 
ter county,  Penn.,  now  Delaware.  In  1764  he 
was  appointed  a  member  of  the  a-ssembly  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  afterwards  a  judge  of  the  superior 
court.  Elected  a  member  of  congress  in  1774,  he 
in  1776  voted  in  favor  of  the  Declaration  of  In- 
dependence. Had  he  voted  on  the  other  side, 
the  voice  of  Pennsylvania  would  have  been  against 
the  declaration,  as  the  other  delegates  were 
equally  divided  on  the  subject.  Of  the  committee 
on  the  system  of  confederation  he  was  the  chair- 
man. He  left  three  sons  and  five  daughters. 
He  was  a  professor  of  religion  and  a  benevolent 
and  excellent  man.  —  Goodrich. 

MORTON,  Jacob,  general,  a  man  of  promi- 
nence in  the  city  of  New  York,  died  in  1836. 

MORTON,  Perez,  attorney-general  of  Massa- 
chusetts, died  at  Dorchester  in  1837,  aged  87, 
He  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1771. 

MORTON,  Samuel  George,  Dr.,  died  in  Phil- 
adelphia in  1801,  aged  02.  He  was  for  thirty 
years  a  member  of  the  academy  of  natural  scien- 
ces, of  wliich  he  was  president.  He  had  a  mu- 
seum of  crania,  the  most  extensive  in  the  world. 
He  published  crania  Americana,  and  crania  Egyp- 
tiaca ;  a  work  on  consumption  ;  and  other  works. 
After  his  death  his  types  of  mankind  was  jAiV 
lished,  with  a  memoir. —  Cycl.  of  Ame.r.  Lit. 

MOSELEY,  Samuel,  minister  of  Hampton, 
Conn.,  died  in  1791,  aged  82,  in  the  fifty-seventh 
year  of  his  ministry.  Born  in  Dorchester,  Mass., 
he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1729.  He  was  an 
accomplished  gentleman  and  scholar,  a  strict  dis- 
ciplinarian, a  faithful  preacher.  —  Cogswell's  Ser- 
mon. 

MOSELEY,  Abner,  a  physician  in  Wethers- 
field,  Conn.,  died  in  1811,  aged  40.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  in  1786,  and  studied  with  his  uncle. 
Dr.  Thomas  M.  of  East  Iladdam,  president  of 
the  Connecticut  medical  society.  —  Thacher. 

MOSELY,  Samuel,  a  missionary,  died  at  May- 
hew  in  the  Choctaw  nation  Sept.  11,  1824,  aged 
33.  His  theological  studies  had  been  completed 
at  Andover  three  years  previously.  He  was  a 
graduate  of  Middlebury  in  1818.  His  wife  sur- 
vived him.  In  great  peace  he  requested  her  to 
weep  no  more  for  him. 

MOSHER,  Hannah,  Mrs.,  died  at  Galloway, 
New  York,  in  1835,  aged  100. 

MOSS,  Reuben,  minister  of  Ware,  Mass., 
died  in  1809,  aged  about  42.  Bom  in  Cheshire, 
Conn.,  he  wos  graduated  at  Yale  in  1787,  and 
was  ordained  in  1792.  —  Sprague's  Annals. 

MOULTON,  Jeremiah,  colonel,  died  at  York, 
July  20,  1760,  aged  77.  He  was  born  at  York, 
Maine,  in  1688,  and  was  taken  prisoner  by  the 
Indians  Jan.  22,  1692,  old  style,  when  York  was 
destroyed  by  the  Indians.  He  was  released,  with 
other  children,  in  gratitude  for  the  humonity  of 


MOULTRIE. 

Col.  Church,  who  in  one  of  his  expeditions  had 
rcleast'd  scvorul  Indian  prisoners,  old  women  and 
children.  The  savajjes  were  not  uiifjratel'ul  for 
acts  of  kindness.  In  An>;ust,  1724,  he  and  Capt. 
Harmon,  with  two  hundred  and  ei},'ht  men  and 
three  Mohawk  Indians,  marched  against  the  In- 
dian settlement  at  Xorridgewock,  in  consequence 
of  attacks  upon  the  frontiers.  There  heiiig  four 
companies,  the  other  commanders  were  Capt. 
liourne  and  Lieut.  Bean.  They  left  llichmond 
fort  Aug.  8,  old  style,  or  Aug.  19  j  the  next  day 
arrived  at  Taconic,  where  they  left  their  hoats 
and  a  guard  of  forty  men.  August  21,  they 
marched  by  land,  and  in  the  evening  fired  upon 
two  Indians,  who  proved  to  be  the  daughter  and 
wife  of  Bomaseen ;  the  former  was  killed ;  the 
latter  taken  ])risoncr.  Aug.  23,  they  approached 
the  village  ;  Harmon  with  eighty  men  marching 
circuitously  by  the  fields,  and  Moulton  with  eighty 
men  directly  upon  Norridgewock,  which  he  sur- 
prised. The  Indians,  consisting  of  about  sixty 
warriors,  were  defeated,  and  the  chapel  and  vil- 
lage destroyed.  Father  Halle  was  killed  in  a 
wigwam,  and  twenty-six  Indians,  among  whom 
were  Bomaseen,  and  his  son-in-law,  Mog,  also 
Job,  Canabesett,  and  Wissememet,  all  noted  war- 
riors. One  of  the  Mohawks  was  killed,  but  none 
of  the  whites.  Harmon  carried  the  scalps  to 
Boston,  and,  being  chief  in  command,  was  made  a 
lieutenant-colonel  for  the  exploit  of  Moulton,  who 
obtained  no  reward.  At  the  reduction  of  Louis- 
bourg,  in  1745,  he  commanded  a  regiment,  and 
was  afterwards  sheriff  of  the  county,  councillor, 
and  judge  of  the  common  pleas  and  of  probate. 
His  son  and  grandson  were  nherifTs. 

MOULTIIIE,  John,  an  eminent  physician  of 
South  Carolina,  was  a  native  of  Europe,  and  came 
to  Charleston  about  the  year  1733.  For  forty 
years  he  was  at  the  head  of  his  profession.  He 
died  about  the  year  1773,  universally  lamented. 
He  was  the  idol  of  his  patients.  So  great  was 
the  confidence  reposed  in  his  judgment,  that 
those  who  were  usually  attended  by  him  prefer- 
red his  advice  and  assistance,  even  on  the  festive 
evening  of  St.  Andrew's  day,  to  the  advice  of  any 
other  professional  man  in  his  most  collected  mo- 
ments. He  possessed  excellent  talents  for  obser- 
vation, and  was  very  sagacious  in  finding  out  the 
hidden  causes  of  diseases  and  in  adapting  reme- 
dies for  their  removal.  On  account  of  his  death, 
a  number  of  the  ladies  of  Charleston  went  into 
mourning. 

MOULTIIIE,  John,  M.  D.,  son  of  the  preced- 
ing, and  eminent  for  literature  and  medical  sci- 
ence, was  the  first  Carolinian  who  obtained  a 
medical  degree  from  the  university  of  Edinburgh, 
where,  in  1749,  he  defended  a  thesis  de  febre  flava. 
He  was  afterwards  lieutenant-governor  of  East 
Florida.  —  Ramsay's  Review  of  Medicine,  43; 
Miller,  ii.  364. 


MOURT. 


597 


MOULTRIE,  M'li.i.iAM,    governor    of  South 
Carolina,   and   a  major-general  in  tlu'  .Vnicrican 
war,  died   in  Charleston  Sept.  27,  INO.j,  agod  "."). 
He  was  devoted  to  the  service  of  his  country  from 
an  larly  period  of  his  life.     In  the  Cherokee  war, 
in  1700,  he  was  a  volunteer  under  the  command 
of  Governor   Littleton.      He  was  afterwards  in 
another  ex])editi()n  under  Col.  Montgomery.    Ho 
then  commanded  a  eonii)any  iii  a  third  expedition 
in    1701,   which    hunil)l('d  the   Cherokees,    and 
lirought  them  to  terms  of  peace.     He  was  among 
the  foremost  at  the  commencement  of  the  Rev- 
olution to  assert  the  liberties  of  his  country,  and 
he  braved  every  danger  to  redress  her  wrongs. 
His  manly  firmness,  intrcijid  zeal,  and  cheerful 
exj)osure   of  every  thing    he    possessed,    added 
weight  to   his   counsels,  and  induced  others  to 
join  him.     In  the  beginning  of  the  war  he  was 
colonel  of  the  second  regiment  of  South  Carolina. 
His  defence  of  Sullivan's  Island,  with  three  hun- 
dred and  forty-four  regulars  and  a  few  militia, 
and  his  repulse  of  the  British  in  their  attack  upon 
the  fort,  Juno  28,  1776,  gained  him  honor.     In 
consequence  of  his  good  conduct,  he  received  the 
unanimous  thanks  of  congress,  and  in  complimciit 
to  him,  the  fort  was  from  that  time  called  fort 
Moultrie.     In  1779  he  gained  a  viclory  over  the 
British  in  the  battle  near  Beaufort.    In  1780  ho 
was  second  in  command  in  Charleston  during  the 
siege.     After  the  city  surrendered  he  was  sent  to 
Philadelphia.      In    1782   he   returned   with   his 
countrymen,  and  was  repeatedly  chosen  governor 
of  the  State,  till  the  infirmities  of  age  induced 
him  to  withdraw  to  the  peaceful  retreat  of  do- 
mestic life.     The  glory  of  his  honorable  services 
was  surpa.ssed  by  his  disinterestedness  and  integ- 
rity.    An  attempt  was  once  made  on  the  part  of 
the  British  to  bribe  him,  and  he  was  thought  to 
be  more  open  to  corruption,  as  he  had   sutl'ered 
much  in  his  private  fortune.     But,  resolving  to 
share  the   fate  of  his   country,   he  spurned  the 
offers  of  indemnification   and  preferment  which 
were  made  him.     He  was  an  unassuming,  easy, 
and  afl'ablc  companion,  cheerful  and  sincere  in  his 
friendships.    lie  published  memoirs  of  the  Amer- 
ican Revolution,  so  far  as  it  related  to  North  and 
South  Carolina  and  Georgia,  2  vols.  8vo.,  1802. 
This  work  is  principally  a  collection  of  letters, 
written  by  civil  and  militaiy  officers  in  the  time 
of  the  war.  —  lIolliii(/s/tead's  Discourse. 

MOUNTAIN,  Jacob,  first  Ejiiscopal  bishop  of 
Quebec,  was  consecrated  about  the  year  1794, 
and  died  at  ?  larchmont,  near  Quebec,  June  19, 
1825,  aged  75.  He  was  succeeded  by  Dr. 
Stewart. 

MOURT,  Gkorgk,  published  a  relation  or 
journal  of  the  beginning  and  proceedings  of  the 
English  plantation,  settled  at  I'lymouth  in  New 
England  by  certain  English  adventurers,  both 
merchants  oud  others,  Loudon,  1622.    This  was 


598 


MOXON. 


abridged  byPurchas  and  republished  in  historical 
collections,  VIII.  20;j-239.  The  parts  of  the 
original  relation  which  arc  omitted  in  the  abridg- 
ment, are  publiHlied  in  2  hist.  coll.  IX.  20-74. 
This  relation,  probably  written  by  different  per- 
sons, includes  a  journey  to  Packanokik,  the  hab- 
itation of  the  great  king,  Massassoit.  Concerning 
Mourt  himself  nothing  is  known ;  it  is  supposed 
that  he  was  one  of  the  merchant  adventurers. 

MOXON,  Geoiige,  first  minister  of  Spring- 
field, Mass.,  was  l)orn  at  Wakefield,  in  Yorkshire, 
England,  and  educated  at  Cambridge.  Coming 
to  tin's  country  as  a  ])reacher  in  1637,  he  was  in 
that  year  settled  at  S])ringfield,  where  he  re- 
mained until  lGo2,  when  he  returned  to  England. 
He  preached  in  different  places  till  disabled  by 
age  and  the  palsy.  He  died  at  Congleton  Sept. 
15,  1687,  aged  84.  He  was  succeeded  by  Mr. 
Glover.  His  son,  George,  was  ejected  from  a 
parish  in  Essex  in  1662.  Some  sermons  on  self- 
denial  were  prepared  for  the  press,  but  not 
printed. 

MOXUS,  an  Indian  chief  of  distinction  at  Nor- 
ridgewock,  in  Maine,  about  1G90,  was  eoneerned, 
in  1702,  in  a  treacherous  but  unsuccessful  assault 
on  Maj.  March  at  Casco. 

MUHLENBERG,  Henuy  Melchior,  D.  I)., 
the  founder  of  the  German  Lutheran  church  in 
the  United  States,  was  bom  at  Eimbeek,  in  Han- 
over, Germany,  in  1711,  and  came  to  Philadel- 
phia, where  he  was  the  pastor  of  a  German 
Lutheran  church  forty-five  years,  and  distin- 
guished for  his  piety  and  learning.  He  died  in 
1787,  aged  76.  His  three  sons,  Peter,  Frederick, 
and  Henry,  were  distinguished  men :  Frederic 
Augustus,  treasurer  of  the  State,  president  of  the 
convention  which  ratified  the  constitution  of  the 
United  States,  member  of  congress  and  speaker 
of  the  house  in  1793,  died  at  Lancaster  June  4, 
1801,  aged  51. 

MUHLENBERG,  Peter,  major-general  in  the 
army  of  the  Revolution,  son  of  the  preceding, 
died  Oct.  1,  1807,  aged  62.  In  obedience  to  the 
wishes  of  his  father  he  studied  divinity,  and  offi- 
ciated as  an  Episcopal  clergyman  in  Virginia  until 
1776,  when  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  con- 
vention. He  soon  entered  the  military  service  in 
command  of  a  regiment.  In  conducting  a  storm- 
ing porty  at  Yorktown,  he  and  all  his  men  were 
wounded.  In  Feb.,  1777,^he  was  appointed  brigr 
adicr-general,  and  major-general  at  the  close  of 
the  war.  In  1801  he  was  appointed  a  senator  of 
the  United  States  from  Pennsylvania,  and  in  1802 
collector  of  the  port  of  Philadelphia,  in  which 
oflicc  he  continued  till  his  death. 

MUHLENBERG,  Henry  Ernst,  D.  D.,  a 
botanist,  the  son  of  Rev.  IJenry  M.  M.,  died 
May  23,  1815,  aged  61.  He  wos  born  in  New 
Providence,  Montgomery  county,  Penn.,Nov.  17, 
17^3.    In  1763  he  was  seqt  to  Halle  with  his 


MUNN. 

two  elder  brothers  to  finish  his  education.  On 
his  return  in  1770  he  was  ordained,  at  the  early 
nge  of  17,  and  in  1774  ai)])ointod  one  of  the 
assistants  of  his  father  in  the  I'liiladclpiiia  con- 
gregation. In  1780  he  acce])ted  a  call  from  Lan- 
caster, where  he  lived  about  thirty-five  years  in 
the  exemplary  discharge  of  the  duties  of  his 
office.  He  died  of  the  apoplexy.  AVhile  he  was 
a  learned  theologian  and  well  acquainted  with 
the  ancient  languages,  and  skilful  also  in  medi- 
cine, chemistry,  and  mineralogy,  he  was  particu- 
larly distinguished  for  his  knowledge  of  botany. 
He  was  induced  first  to  cultivate  this  science  in 
1777,  when  he  was  driven  from  Philadel])hia  in 
consequence  of  its  being  occuj)ied  by  the  British. 
From  this  time  he  corresponded  with  many 
learned  botanists  in  Europe  and  America.  Of 
many  learned  societies  he  was  a  member.  His 
herbarium  was  purchased  and  presented  to  the 
Amer.  philos.  society.  He  published  catalogus 
plantarum  Amer.  septent.  1813;  descriptio  ube- 
rior  graminium,  etc.,  1816.  He  left  flora  Lan- 
castricnsis  in  manuscript.  —  Encyc.  Americana. 

MUIR,  JA.MES,  minister  at  Alexandria,  Va., 
died  in  Aug.,  1820.  He  published  the  virtuous 
woman,  a  sermon  in  the  American  preacher,  ii. ; 
address  to  a  public  society,  1814. 

MULLIKEN,  Isaac,  Dr.,  of  Town.send,  Ma^Js., 
died  in  1837,  aged  85,  a  fellow  of  the  medical 
society. 

MUNFORD,  William,  a  poet,  died  in  Rich- 
mond, Va.,  Juno  21,  1825,  aged  49.  His  father. 
Col.  Robert,  was  a  patriot  of  the  Revolution, 
whose  poems  were  published  in  1798.  The  .son 
was  educated  at  William  and  Mary  college; 
studied  law ;  was  many  years  a  member  of  the 
house  of  delegates ;  then  was  apjiointed  clerk 
till  his  death.  He  translated  the  whole  of  Ho- 
mer's Iliad  into  blank  verse :  the  work  was  \mh- 
lished  in  two  vols.,  1846,  at  Boston.  He  published 
also  an  early  volume  of  poems  and  prose  writings. 
—  Cycl.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

MUNGER,  Mrs.,  wife  of  S.  B.  Munger,  mis- 
sionary in  India,  died  at  sea  March  12, 1846,  aged 
45.  Her  body  was  committed  to  the  Indian 
ocean  in  lat.  37°.  Her  name  was  Maria  An- 
drews, of  Middlebury,  Vt.  She  arrived  at  Bom- 
bay with  her  husband  in  Sept.,  1834.  For  several 
years  she  devoted  herself  to  her  missionary  work ; 
but  ill  health  compelled  her  to  visit  her  native 
country  in  1842.  It  was  on  her  return  to  India  that 
she  died  in  great  peace.  Her  heart  of  benevolence 
was  turned  towards  India;  for  India  were  her 
care.s,  watchings,  teachings,  prayers,  and  tears,  in 
much  weakness  and  painfulness.  She  could  not 
lose  her  reward. 

MUNN,  Louisa,  wife  of  Bethuel  Munn,  mis- 
sionary at  the  Sandwich  islands,  died  Aug.  25, 
1841,  aged  32.  She  sailed  with  Mrs.  Castle. 
She  was  the  daughter  of  Deacon  Eli  Clark  of 


MUNSON. 


MURRAY. 


599 


Sknncatelcs.  She  was  n  dilippnt  tcanhcr;  her 
clinractor  was  marked  liy  humility,  patience,  and 
love  to  the  Redeemer. 

MUXSOX,  Samii:!,,  minister  of  I,enox,  Mass., 
died  in  INl-l,  n;;ed  ahoiit  1'2.  Ho  was  graduated 
nt  Yale  in  1703  j  was  ordained  in  1770;  and  dis- 
missed in  1702. 

ML'XSOX,  vEnkas,  M.  D.,  a  physician,  died 
in  Xew  Haven  Juno  IG,  182(5,  aged  nearly  92. 
He  was  born  in  New  Haven,  June  24,  17IM; 
graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1703;  and,  having 
been  a  tutor,  was  a  chaplnin  in  the  army  in  175J 
on  Long  Island.  Ill  health  induced  him  to  study 
medicine  with  John  Darly  of  I'.aRthampton.  He 
])ractised  jdiysic  at  Bedford  in  l"o6,  and  removed 
in  17C0  to  New  Haven.  For  more  than  half  a 
century  he  had  a  high  reputaticni  as  a  physician, 
and  WHS  in  the  ])ractice  seventy  years.  Of  the 
medical  society  of  Connecticut  he  was  the  presi- 
dent. He  was  a  man  of  j)iety  from  an  early 
period  of  his  life.  At  the  bed.side  of  his  patients 
lie  was  accustomed  to  commend  them  to  God  in 
prayer.  It  was  with  joyous  Christian  hope  that 
this  venerable  old  man  went  down  to  the  dead. 
_  Th'icher. 

JklUXSON,  Samuel,  a  missionary,  died  June 
28,  1834,  aged  about  28.  He  was  born  in  New 
Sharon,  Me.,  and  graduated  at  Bowdoin  college 
in  1829;  at  Andovcr  seminary  in  1832.  He  em- 
barked in  1833  with  Mr.  Henry  Lyman  for  the 
East, —  both  accompanied  by  their  wives, —  and 
both  were  murdered  by  the  Battahs,  as  they  were 
travelling  in  Sumatra.  His  wife  was  Abigail 
Johnson,  of  Brunswick,  Me.  In  1856  there  was 
published  a  memoir  of  H.  Lyman,  which  gives 
an  account  of  the  circumstances  of  the  deaths  of 
these  friends.  Mr.  L.  was  shot ;  Mr.  M.  was  run 
through  the  bodj-. 

MUXSON,  IsK.\KL,  died  at  Boston  Feb.  3, 
1844,  aged  78.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Yale  in 
1787,  a  native  of  New  Haven  ;  a  physician,  then 
a  resijccled  merchant  in  Boston,  a  liberal  bene- 
factor of  several  literary  and  charitable  institu- 
tions. 

MURDOCK,  JoNATnA.\,  minister  of  Bozrah, 
Conn.,  died  in  1813,  aged  06.  Born  at  or  near 
Saybrook,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1700  ;  was  for 
some  years  the  minister  of  Rye,  X.  Y. ;  and  was 
settled  at  Bozrah  in  1780. 

MURDOCK,  TiiOiMAS  Jewktt,  minister  in 
Canterbury,  Conn.,  died  in  1827,  aged  about  35. 
Born  iu  Norwich,  Vt.,  he  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
in  1812,  and  was  tutor  three  years  ;  was  ordained 
over  the  chapel  church  in  Portland,  Me.,  in  1819, 
and  dismissed  in  1821 ;  and  was  installed  at  Can- 
terbury in  1822.  —  Spnr fine's  Annals. 

MURDOCK,  James,  1).  I).,  died  at  his  son's 
house  in  Columbus,  Miss.,  Aug.  10,  1850,  aged  80 
years.  He  had.  long  been  known  as  a  teacher, 
professor,  and  eminently  learned  man.    Born  at 


■NVcstbrook,  Conn.,  he  descended  fVom  th .  Pro- 
testant Scotch-Irish.     His  father  emigrated  from 
Ireland  about  1700,  and  lived  at  W.  fifty  years.   ■ 
It  was  in  a  very  eminent  class,  tliat  of  1797,  that 
he  graduated  at  Yale  under  Dr.  Dwigbt.     In  his 
class  are  the  names  of  Baldwin,  Beecher,  Day, 
Foot,  George  (irillin.  Staples,  and  Seymour.     He 
was  ordained  the  minister  of  Prinreton,  .Mass.,  in 
1802,  and  was  successful  in  his  pious  labors.     In 
1815  he  was  ap])()inted  ])rofessor  of  languages  at 
Burlington;  and  in  1819  professor  of  ecclesiasti- 
cal history  at  Andovcr,  and  assistant  professor  of 
eloquence.     He  resigned  in  1829,  and  passed  the 
remainder  of  his  life  in  learned  industry  at  New 
Haven.      At  an  early  jjeriod  he  made  himself 
fijmiliar  with  Hebrew,  so  as  to  read  from  the 
Hebrew   bible   into   l'"nglish   at   family  worsliip. 
.\t  Burlington  he  aecpiired  the  (iermau.     All  his 
writings  evince  his  learning.     In  eonseipienee  of 
his   sermon  on  "the  nature  of  the  atonement," 
some  zealous  writers  were  led  to  call  in  queslion 
his  soundness  in  the  faith  ;  but  he  rested  his  opin- 
ions not  on  old  creeds,  but  on  the  obvious  teach- 
ing of  Scripture,  and  he  did  not  feel  himself  bound 
to  adhere  to  antiquated  terms,  if,  as  he  thought, 
they  ceased  to  communicate  the  truth.    He  was 
not  an  unbeliever  in  the  atoning  sacrifice  and 
mediatorsbip  of  Christ.     Relying  on  his  media- 
tion, he  calmly  awaited  the  approach  of  death. 

Besides  his  sermon  on  the  atonement,  he  pub- 
lished a  sermon  at  the  installation  of  \V.  Bao- 
com,  1815;  a  translation  of  Mosheim's  institutes 
of  ecclesiastical  history,  1832,  and  recently  a  new 
edition  ;  a  translation  of  Mosheim's  commentaries 
on  the  affairs  of  Christians,  1851;  a  translation 
of  Muenselier's  elements  of  dogmatic  history, 
1830;  sketches  of  modern  philosophy,  1842;  a 
translation  of  the  Syriac  new  testament,  1851  j 
the  Congregational  catechism,  1844. 

MURPHY,  Joiix,  died  in  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  in 
1838,  aged  105.     He  was  born  in  Ireland. 

MURRAY,  Joseph,  a  friend  of  literature,  was 
a  native,  it  is  believed,  of  Great  Britain,  and 
educated  in  that  country.  lie  was  one  of  his 
majesty's  council  and  attorney-general  for  the 
jjrovince  of  New  York.  lie  left  the  whole  of 
his  estate,  consisting  of  books,  lands,  and  other 
j)roj)erty,  in  value  to  the  amoinit  of  about  25,000 
dollars,  to  King's  college.  —  Milter,  II.  357. 

MURRAY,  John,  a  Presbyterian  minister,  died 
at  Newburyport,  Mass.,  in  1793,  aged  50.  Born 
in  Ireland,  educated  at  Edinburgh,  in  his  twentieth 
year  he  came  to  America  as  a  preacher ;  and  was 
settled  first  in  Philadelphia,  then  in  Boothbay, 
Maine,  from  1767  to  1779;  then  in  Newburyport. 
He  had  a  high  degree  of  popular  eloquence. 
Once,  when  recruits  were  wanted  in  the  war,  he 
was  invited  to  the  meeting-house,  attended  by  a 
regiment  under  arms,  to  try  the  effect  of  his 
oratory  on  the  project  of  enlisting  a  full  company 


coo 


MURRAY. 


MURRAY. 


of  officers  nnd  men  for  nn  emergency.  Wilhin 
two  hours  after  his  address  the  company  was 
filled;  nnd  in  a  few  days  marched  to  slrcn;;thon 
our  weak  army.  He  liy  his  letters  induced  Mr. 
Milton  to  \-isit  X.,  where  he  founded  a  new  church. 
His  last  words  were : 

"  t'omo,  I.or(l  .Tciinn,  (omn  quirkly ! 
Ill)  is  coiiiv,  lie  In  como,  liu  Ik  eouo!  " 

lie  jjublished  n  sertnon  on  the  origin  of  evil ; 
the  last  solemn  scene ;  njipenl  in  behalf  of  the 
oppressed,  1708;  at  a  fast,  177!) ;  a  voice  from 
the  wikleniess;  tyranny's  grave  destroyed,  at 
thanksgiving,  1783 ;  justification  by  imputed 
righteousness,  in  three  sermons ;  origin  of  evil ; 
on  death  of  Jona.  Payons;  of  R.  Cross;  of  Rev. 
J.  Prince,  1791;  at  thanksgiving,  1790.  —  Mil- 
timorc'.i  Sermon. 

MURRAY,  William  Vaxs,  minister  of  the 
United  States  to  the  Batnvian  Republic,  tUcd  Dec. 
11,  1803,  aged  -11.  lie  was  born  in  Maryland  in 
the  year  1701  or  1702.  After  the  i^eace  of  1783 
he  went  to  London,  and  resided  three  years  as  a 
student  in  the  Temi)le.  At  an  age  when  the 
passions  are  generally  unrestrained,  with  a  con- 
Btitution  of  cxcjuisite  sensibility,  and  in  the  midst 
of  a  8j)lendid  and  luxurious  metropolis,  ho  re- 
tained the  resolution  and  the  firmness  to  devote 
his  time  and  attention  to  those  objects  which 
were  to  mark  the  usefulness  of  his  future  life. 
The  observations  of  Dr.  Price,  of  Mr.  Turgot, 
and  of  the  Abbe  de  Mably,  on  the  constitutions 
and  laws  of  the  United  States,  being  published 
during  his  residence  in  England,  he  studied  them 
with  j)crsevering  and  honest  research,  and  gave 
the  ]jublic  result  of  his  reflections  in  a  pamphlet, 
which  was  favorably  received.  In  the  summer  of 
1784,  during  a  vacation,  he  made  an  excursion  of 
about  six  weeks  to  Holland;  and  during  this 
short  time,  in  which  lie  travelled  over  that  coun- 
try, he  was  most  assiduous  in  the  use  of  his  pen. 
The  minutes,  which  he  then  took,  he  afterwards 
digested  and  methodized  into  a  regular  work. 
The  intelligence  of  the  death  of  his  father,  to 
■whom  he  was  most  aflectionately  attached,  reach- 
ing him  at  a  time  when  his  health  was  precarious, 
lie  sunk  under  the  affliction,  and  did  not  rise  from 
his  bed  for  six  weeks.  After  a  tedious  convales- 
cence of  several  months  he  returned  to  his  native 
country.  He  immediately  engaged  in  the  prac- 
tice of  the  law ;  but  the  voice  of  his  country  soon 
called  him  to  her  councils.  He  was  first  elected 
a  member  of  the  legislature  of  Maryland,  and  at 
three  successive  elections,  from  1791  to  1797,  to  a 
seat  in  the  house  of  representatives  of  the  United 
States.  This  station  he  filled  with  distinguished 
honor.  His  eloquence  in  debate  placed  him  in 
the  same  rank  with  Madison  and  Ames,  Giles  and 
Dexter.  A  regard  to  his  fortune,  which  was  not 
affluent,  at  length  induced  him,  in  1797,  to  de- 


cline being  a  candidate  for  re-election  to  congress. 
Ihit  his  merit  and  talents  had  not  escaped  the 
discerning  eye  of  Washington,  who  in  one  of  the 
last  acts  of  his  administration  a]>])ointcd  Mr. 
Murray  as  minister  of  the  United  States  to  the 
Batavian  Republic.  This  station  had  been  occu- 
pied about  three  years  by  John  Q.  Adams,  who 
now  received  a  commission  as  minister  plenipo- 
tentiary at  Lisbon.  Mr.  Murray  arrived  at  the 
Hague  nt  a  very  critical  period  of  affairs,  for  the 
misunderstanding  between  the  United  States  nnd 
France  was  np])roaching  to  a  rujjture,  and  the  in- 
fluence of  the  latter  over  the  Batavian  councils 

•  was  uncontrolled.    But  by  a  judicious  mixture  of 

j  firmness,  of  address,  and  of  conciliation,  ho  suc- 

!  ceeded  in  preserving  uninterruj)ted  harmony  be- 
tween   the    American     and     Bata\ian    nations. 

[  With  Mr.  Ellsworth  and  Mr.  Davie,  he  assisted 
in  making  the  treaty,  which  was  signed  at  Paris 
Sejjt.  30,  1800,  and  which  has  contributed  in  a 
great  degree  to  the  prosperity  of  America.  Im- 
mediately after  signing  that  instrument  he  returned 
to  his  station  as  minister  resident  at  the  Hague, 
where  he  remained  till  his  return  to  tlic  United 
States  in  Dee.,  1801,  it  having  been  judged  un- 
necessary to  continue  the  expense  of  supporting 
that  mission.  From  this  period  he  lived  in  re- 
tirement at  his  seat  in  Cambridge,  on  the  eas*cm 
shore  of  Marylond.  In  private  life  he  was  re- 
markably pleasing  in  his  manners,  and  at  once 

'  amusing   and    instructive    in    his    conversation. 

"  With  a  mind  of  incessant  activity  he  united  the 
fancy  of  a  poet.  He  had  a  strong  and  genuine 
relish  for  the  fine  arts,  a  refined  and  delicate  taste 

^  for  literature,  and  a  persevering  fondness  for  the 
pursuits  of  science.  The  keenness  of  his  sensi- 
bility and  the  rapidity  of  his  conceptions  gave  him 
a  sense  of  decorum  which    seemed   almost  in- 

j  tuitive.  His  facility  in  writing  was  proportioned 
to  the  vivacity  of  his  mind.  His  letters,  by  their 
elegance,  their  simplicity,  their  poignant  wit,  nnd 
unbounded  variety  of  style,  might  serve  as  models 
of  epistolary  correspondence. 

MURRAY,  John,  first  Universalist  minister  in 
Boston,  died  Sept.  3,  1815,  aged  74.  He  was 
bom  at  Alton,  Hampshire  county,  England,  about 
1741.  His  father  was  an  Episcopalian;  his 
mother  a  Presbyterian.  They  removed  from 
Alton  to  Ireland.  In  early  life  he  believed  the 
doctrine  of  election;  then  he  became  a  Metho- 
dist preacher  in  Mr.  Wesley's  connection;  and 
afterwards  he  was  attached  to  Mr.  Whitefield. 
Repairing  to  London,  he  soon  forgot  the  charac- 
ter of  a  minister.  Good  company,  music,  danc- 
ing, Vauxhall,  and  the  play-houses  intoxicated 
him.  He  says,  "I  plimged  into  a  vortex  of 
pleasure."  Visiting  a  young  lady  to  convert  her 
from  the  error  of  Universalism,  the  following  was 
the  argumentation.  She  asked.  What  is  an  unbe- 
liever damned  for  not  believing?     He  replied, 


MURRAY. 


MURRAY. 


cot 


For  lint  lii'lii'viiifjlhnt  Jesus  Clirist  is  liis  comi)lpto  1 
Siviotif.      Slic  iif,'uin   iiskcd,  Must  tlu'  uiitu'lii'vcr 
IhIIi'M' llnil  J('^us  C'lirlst  is  his  Saviour':'     Must 
lie  bi'lii'vc   a  iii'.'     Is   Cjiiist  llic  Saviour  of  till' 
uiilH'licvi'ri'      Ity   this    arnunu'iit   ho   was   ovcr- 
whi'liiii'd.     Ilifi  own  crroiifous  definition  of  Hiilli 
wiis  iiidei'd  rffuti'd  liy  the  ([ucstions  of  tiie  lady  ; 
hill,  iusiciid  of  ahaM(h)iiiii},'  that  error,  mid  re- 
^uiiliii;!;  Christ  ns  the  Savit/i'    only  of  tlieni  wiio 
hilieve,  ho  was  h'd  to  rofj-.u  liim  lis  tho  actual 
Saviour   of   all    men,   boliovors  -or    iinholiovors. 
Having  lost  his  wife  and  child,  he  came  to  America 
ill  poverty  in  Se])t.,  17"().     He  ])reiiclied  at  liruns- 
vvidc,  New  Jersey,  Newport,  and  Providence,  and 
first  in  Roston  Oct.  itO,  1773  j  afterwards  in  Ncw- 
hiiry])ort   and  New  London,  in  New  York  and 
■  I'eiinsylvania.     In  May,  1775,  he  was  a  chaplain 
in  a  Rhode  Island  regiment.     After  preaching  in 
Gloucester,  he  was  established  in  Roston  about 
the  vear  1785,  and  ])asscd  the  remainder  of  his 
life  there.     After  hIx   years  oi"  hcljilessne.ss  he 
died  in  iieace.     His  widow,  Judith,  sister  of  Gov. 
Sargent,  of  Mississippi,  a  native  of  Cape  Ann, 
died  at  Natchez  Juno  ()  1820,  aged  09;  she  wrote 
the  ro])OKitory  and   gleaner,  3  vols.,  1798,  first 
jiulilishod  in  Massachusetts  maga/.ine,  with  the 
si'matuvc  of  Constantia ;  she  wrote  also  poetical 
essays,  signed  Ilonora  Martesia,  in  Roston  wee];ly 
magazine.     Mr.  M.  was  a  Trinitarian,     lie  re- 
garded Winchester  as  a  believer  in  purgatorial 
satisfaction,  and  as  teaching  that  every  man  is  his 
own  saviour,     lie  believed  that  myriads  of  men 
would  rise  to  the  resurrection  of  damnation,  and 
would  call  on  the  rocks  to  liide  them  from  the 
wrath  of  the  Lamb;  yet  he  seems  to  have  con- 
sidered that  damnation  as  ending  at  the  judgment 
dav,  when  the  judge  would  se])aratc  all  men  from 
sill  and  death  and  from  the  evil  angels.     He  sup- 
posed that  in  the  day  of  judgment  the  devil  and 
his  angels  would  be  jilaced,  as  the  goats,  on  the 
left  hand  of  the  judge,  and  all  men  on  the  right 
hand,  —  in   most  obvious   contradiction    to   the 
Scripture,  which  says  that  "  all  nations  "  will  be 
gathered  to  he  sejiarated.     This  amounts  in  fact 
to  a  denial  of  the  future  judgment.     Rut  since 
his  death  Mr.  Ralfom-  has  explicitly  maintained 
that  there  will  be  no  future  reckoning  day.    At 
last  tliis  error  of  denying  a  future  judgment,  and 
thus  subverting  the  moral  government  of  God, 
apjieared  so  great  and  perilous  to  a  number  of 
Uiiivorsalist  ministers,  who  assert  a  future  retri- 
bution, and  the  punishment,  though  not  everlast- 
ing, of  the  wicked,  that  in   Aug.,    1831,   they 
announced  their  full  and  entire  sojiaration  from 
the  denomination  of  Universalists,  and  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  religious  community  by  the  name 
of  the  "  Massachusetts  Association  of  Universal 
Restorationists."    Mr.  Murray  published  letters 
and  sketches  of  sermons,  3  vols.    His  life,  by 
liimself,  was  published  in  1816. 
76 


MURR.\Y,  Joiiv,  a  philanthropist,  a  brother 
of  Liiidley  Murray,  died  .Vug.  I,  |H1!1,  aged  (il. 
He  was  liorn  in  New  York,  and  after  ae(niiriMg  a 
•  ortiiiie  as  u  inereliaiil,  retired  from  business,  aiul 
devoted  his  ineoine  and  toils  to  enterprises  >)f  be- 
nevolence, lie  was  a  (luaker.  The  society  for 
tho  maimn.ission  of  slaves  was  promoted  by  liis 
efforts,  and  he  assisted  in  founding  and  siijijiort- 
iiig  most  of  the  benevolent  institutions  of  New 
York,  and  was  lilieral  in  liis  benefactions.  He 
exerted  himself  to  etfoet  the  repeal  of  the  crim- 
inal code  and  to  establish  tho  jionitentiary  sys- 
tem. l''or  thirty-five  years  he  was  a  governor  of 
the  New  Yiu'k  hosjiital.  Such  men  of  beneHcence 
deserve  to  bo  held  in  lasting  honor. 

MURRAY,  Ai.i'.XAMiKii,  commodore,  died  Oct. 
0,  IH'Jl,  aged  (Hi.  He  was  born  in  ('hestertown, 
Maryland,  in  1755.  His  father  was  a  physician  ; 
his  grandfather,  banished  from  Scotland  for  ad- 
hering to  the  cause  of  the  pretender  in  1715,  set- 
tled at  Rarbadoes.  As  u  lieutenant  and  captain 
in  the  army  he  fought  in  the  battles  of  AVhite 
I'lains,  Flatbush,  and  New  York,  and  served  till 
the  close  of  1777.  He  afterwarda  took  the  com- 
mand of  a  letter  of  marque.  Twice  was  he  taken 
prisoner,  the  second  time  in  tho  frigate  Trum- 
bull ;  lie  afterwards  served  in  the  Alliance  under 
Rarry  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  then  suc- 
cessively commanded  the  Insurgent  and  the  Con- 
stellation, and  went  with  a  squadron  to  the 
Mediterranean  to  iirotect  our  trade  against  the 
Rarbary  States.  He,  at  last,  commanded  the 
navy  yard  at  Philadelphia,  and  died  near  Ger- 
mantown.  To  great  firmness  and  resolution  he 
united  a  mild  and  serene  temper. 

MURRAY,  Jamks,  major,  a  military  adven- 
turer, died  in  ISOfi,  aged  41.  He  was  horn  in 
Rhode  Island  about  1 705 ;  his  name  was  Lilli- 
bridge,  which  he  changed  to  Murray.  In  conse- 
quence of  a  quarrel  with  his  family,  he  went  to 
sea  in  early  life  ;  in  1790  he  arrived  at  Tranque- 
bar,  on  the  coast  of  Coromandel,  and,  joining  the 
Mahrattas,  who  were  at  war  with  the  Rritish,  he 
encountered  in  their  service,  during  fifteen  years, 
every  kind  of  peril  and  hardship.  Having  dis- 
pleased Ilolkar,  the  chief,  by  preserving  tlie  lives 
of  British  officers,  he  abandoned  his  service,  and, 
raising  a  large  force,  occupied  as  a  sovereign  a 
large  district.  At  length  he  went  over  to  the 
British  with  seven  thousand  native  cavalry,  the 
command  of  which  he  retained.  At  the  close  of 
the  war,  having  acquired  a  large  fortune,  he  de- 
termined to  return  to  America.  A  few  days  be- 
fore he  jiroposed  to  set  sail  he  made  a  splendid 
entertainment  in  Calcutta.  After  dinner,  for  the 
entertainment  of  his  guests,  he  mounted  a  favor- 
ite Arabian  horse,  to  lea])  over  the  table  at  which 
they  sat,  —  a  feat  which  he  had  often  performed. 
But  the  horse,  having  his  feet  entangled  in  the 
carpet,  threw  his  rider,  who  in  a  few  days  died  of 


603 


MlllUAY. 


NKUJIIIJOUS, 


it;: 


the  injury.  ThuH  dlud,  the  viftini  of  Iuh  vuiiity, 
the  iicst  horNcman  in  ln(ii\,  tiie  Noldicr,  unrivailcil 
in  tiie  use  of  tiie  bruitdsw  rd,  who  luid  fought  in 
mnny  buttles. 

ML'UllAY,  LiMJi.F.Y,  a  pfrnmmnrinn,  died  near 
York,  Kngland,  in  IN'JO,  nf,'c'd  HI.  He  was  i)orn 
of  Quaker  parents,  near  Lancaster,  I'a.  He  he- 
came  both  a  hiwyer  and  a  merchant.  Ho  pub- 
lished Knglisli  grammar,  and  exerciHCS,  and  key, 
etc.,  and  jiower  of  religion ;  on  reading  the  Scrip- 
tures. 

MURRAY,  AViLMAM,  died  near  Joneshorougli, 
Tenn.,  in  183G,aged  HI.  He  was  born  in  Mary- 
land. 

MURRAY,  William  C,  a  leadinpr  merchant 
of  Charleston,  S.  C,  died  in  \H,W,  aged  49. 

MUSSEY,  B.  B.,  an  enterprising  and  success- 
ful bookseller  in  Boston,  died  Jan.  12,  18.j7,  aged 
62.  Born  ui  Bradford,  Vt.,  he  came  to  Boston 
as  a  book  auctioneer,  and  became  a  bookseller  in 
Cornliill,  accumulating  a  large  fortune.  Attached 
to  the  doctrine  of  the  Universalists,  he  was  a 
liberal  donor  to  Tufts'  college;  and  his  bounty 
was  not  limited  to  his  own  sect.  In  politics  he 
was  an  honest  and  generous  member  of  the  Re- 
publican ])arty. 

MUTER,  Geouge,  chief  justice  of  Kentucky, 
died  May  9,  1811.  lie  was  a  soldier  of  the 
Revolution,  lie  was  appointed  in  1777  lieuten- 
ant-colonel of  the  regiment  of  artillery,  under 
Col.  Marshall,  in  Virginia. 

MUZZY,  Mrs.,  missionary  to  Madura,  died 
Dec.  3,  1846,  aged  38.  She  was  the  wife  of  C. 
F.  Muzzy,  missionary :  her  name  was  Samantha 
B.  Robbins,  of  Wardsborough,  Vt.  She  had 
toiled  ten  years  in  the  missionary  service  j  at  the 
time  of  her  death  there  was  great  attention  to 
religion  in  the  boarding-school  under  her  care. 
Multitudes  of  the  natives  mourned  her  loss;  six 
or  eight  hundred  attended  her  funeral. 

NANCREDE,  Joseph,  died  in  Paris  Dec.  15, 
1841,  aged  81.  lie  came  to  America  in  the 
army  of  Rochambeau,  and  was  wounded  at  York- 
town.  He  lived  in  Philadelphia  and  many  years 
in  Boston  as  a  bookseller ;  he  was  also,  about 
1800,  a  teacher  of  the  French  language  at  Har- 
vard college.  He  edited  a  French  reader, 
L'Abeille  Frantjoise,  1792;  and  other  books. 

NASH,  Francis,  brigadier-general,  a  soldier 
of  the  Revolution,  was  a  captain  in  North  Caro- 
lina in  1771,  when  he  distinguished  himself  l)y 
■  his  firmness  and  bravery  in  an  action  with  the 
insurgents.  In  the  Revolutionary  war  lie  was  ap- 
])ointed  a  colonel  by  the  convention  of  North 
Carolina  in  Sept.,  1775,  and  brigadier-general  in 
the  continental  army  in  Feb.,  1777.  In  the  battle 
of  Germantown,  Oct.  4,  1777,  he  was  mortally 
wounded  at  the  head  of  his  brigade,  which,  with 
Maxwell's,  formed  a  corps  de  reserve  under  Lord 
Stirling. 


\.\SH,  Jt'DAll,  first  minister  of  Montague, 
Mass.,  died  Fi'b.  11),  ISO.",,  agod  7(i,  after  a  tniu- 
istry  of  .W  years.      He  graduated   at   Yale   in 

ni's. 

N.\SH,  William,  minister  of  West  Boylston, 
Mass.,  died  in  1829,  aged  59.  He  graduated  at 
Yale  in  1791. 

X.VSII,  Jonathan,  first  minister  of  Middlr- 
fii'ld,  Mass.,  died  in  1H31,  aged  09.  Born  in 
.South  Iladley,  he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  iu 
1789;  wasHutllcdin  1792;  and  resigned  in  lN;t2. 
He  i)ul)lished  a  sermon  at  end  of  2l8t  year  of  his 
ministry. 

N.VSH,  Ansel,  minister  of  AVindsor,  Conn., 
died  in  1851,  aged  (i2.  He  was  born  in  Hart- 
ford, Vt. ;  graduated  at  Williams  in  1809;  was 
minister  of  Tolland,  Conn.,  from  1812  to  IH.'il, 
when  ho  was  settled  at  Wintoiiluiry  in  \Vi:iclsor. 

XASON,  Rei'uen,  minister  of  Freeport,  Mc, 
died  Jan.  15, 1835,  aged  50.  Born  in  Dover,  X.H., 
he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  the  large  class  of 
1802;  was  ordained  Feb.  7,  1810,  and  dismissed 
in  1815;  afterwards  he  was  employed  as  a  teacher. 
He  published  an  account  of  Freeport  in  historical 
collections,  second  series,  vol.  IV.  —  S27ra(/ue's 
Annals, 

NEAL,  Daniel,  Congregational  minister  in 
London,  died  in  1743,  aged  05.  lie  publishdci  a 
history  of  New  England,  in  two  vols.,  London, 
1720 ;  also,  a  history  of  the  puritans,  in  four  vols. 
Concerning  his  history  of  New  England,  Dr. 
Watts  wrote  a  letter  to  Dr.  C.  Mather  in  1720, 
which  is  in  historical  collections,  first  series, 
vol.  V.  He  hoped  that  Neal's  account  of  perse- 
cution would  do  good. 

NEAL,  Joseph  C,  died  at  Philadelphia  July 
18,  1847,  aged  40.  Born  at  Greenland,  X.  IL, 
his  father  had  been  a  teacher  at  Philadeljjhia,  and 
was  a  preacher  at  G.  Mr.  N.  was  early  an  editor, 
first  of  the  Pennsylvanian,  begun  in  1831,  then  in 
1844  of  Saturday's  Gazette.  He  was  a  writer  of 
humor,  a  good  descviber  of  the  loafer.  He 
published  illustrated  volumes,  entitled  charcoal 
sketches.  —  Vycl.  of  Anier.  Lit. 

XEALE,  Leonauk,  Catholic  archbishop  of 
Baltimore,  died  at  Washington  June  18,  1817, 
aged  70;  the  successor  of  Dr.  John  Carroll. 

NEALE,  Charles,  a  Catholic  minister,  sui)cr- 
intendent  of  the  Jesuits  in  the  United  States, 
died  at  Mount  Carmel,  Maryland,  A])ril  27, 1823, 
aged  74.  He  had  been  appointed  for  the  third 
time  to  his  station. 

NECKERE,  Leon  de,  I).  D.,  Cotholic  bislic- 
of  New  Orleans,  died  in  Sept.,  1833. 

NEFF,  Mary,  the  brave  woman,  a  prisoner 
with  the  Indians,  who,  with  Hannah  Duston  and 
a  boy,  killed  their  Indian  masters  and  gained 
their  freedom,  bringing  home  with  them  ten  In- 
dian scalps.    This  was  in  1697. 

NEIGHBORS,  Mr.,  died  in  Laurens,  S.  C,  in 


NEI-SON. 


N'ETTI.I'.TON. 


(103 


ITOfl,  ttRcd  111.  His  wife  (Vm\  nffcd  10(1.  They 
wero  Imlli  from  I't'i)iisylv.iiii:i,  and  liad  hccii  nmr- 
ried  (■i;?lity  Aciirs, —  Unm.iiiijn  S,  ('.,  ii.  r.M. 

N1''.I.!^<'N',  I'mi.ii',  iiu  (Miily  fanatic  or  impDs- 
tor,  dii'd  in  Klltl.  He  was  the  son  nf 'I'luinias, 
and  tame  to  New  l",n;;land  with  lii-i  fat  In  r  in 
Kills,  anil  h'raduatcd  at  llarvanl  in  I'l.M,  ijic  only 
jrraduati'  of  tliat  yi-ar.     He  made  tioulilo  in  tlic 


d!(Ml  nt  Malvern  Hills  in  Anj:..  I'^IN,  n^;l'll  (id.  ,\» 
a  soldier  lie  was  aetive  and  inlrejiid.  Mixt  ar- 
dently was  lie  atlaelied  to  eiNil  and  reli^'iouw  lilt' 
erty.  He  was  rellned  in  manners,  social,  and 
liencvolent.  —  fi(niiliiih  ;  I'.ni  ij.  AiHir. ;  l)wi<jhl'a 

NKI.SOX,  Wtl.llAM,  elmnrellor,  died  at  Wil- 
liam>linr;,',  Virginia,  Jnly  1(1,   lHi;ij  professor  of 


cliurcli  of  Ilowley,  by  jjretendinj^  to  cure  a  deaf  |  law  in  the  eolle>;e  of  M'illiam  and  Mary. 


and  dunili  l)oy,  in  imitation  of  ,Iesns  Christ,  liy 
snvinf?  I'.phphatlm.  The  ministers  were  calleil 
to<»etlier  and  interroj^atcd  himj  hut  "there  he 
stood,"  as  say  the  records,  »  like  a  deaf  and  duml) 
l)oy,  as  he  was."  It  w  not  stated  whether  this 
inquiry  cured  the  impostor  of  his  pretence,  or  iiis 
du])es  of  their  folly. 

NKI.SON,  John,  o  patriot  in  1689,  was  the 
leader  of  the  Holdicrs  who  made  Gov.  Andros  of 
Massachusets,  prisoner.  In  the  opinion  of  Hutch- 
inson he  was  not  raiNcd  to  merited  olHce  hy  the 
people,  because  he  was  an  I'^pi8C0])alian.  While 
on  a  trading  voyage  he  was  captured  and  earned 
to  Quebec,  and  confined  two  ycar.s.  His  provi- 
dential release  was  as  follows:  A  gentleman,  who 
called  at  his  grate,  asked  him  what  service  he 
could  render  him ;  and  kindly  sent  a  letter  whith 
Mr.  N.  had  written,  to  his  friend.  Sir  P.  Temple, 
in  England,  who  jjrocured  his  freedom.  He  after- 
wards fell  into  the  Uastile  at  Paris. 

NELSON,  Thomas,  governor  of  Virginia,  a 
patriot  of  the  Ilcvolution,  died  Jan.  4,  1780,  aged 
50.  He  was  born  at  York,  being  the  eldest  son 
of  Wm.  N.,  a  rich  merchant.  At  the  age  of 
fourteen  he  was  sent  to  England  for  his  educa- 
tion. At  the  university  of  Cam!)ridge  Heilljy 
Porteus  was  his  tutor.  In  1701  ho  returned  to 
this  country.  Ueing  a  moml)cr  of  the  general 
convention  of  Virginia  in  1773,  lie  introduced  a 
resolution  for  organizhig  a  military  force.  Iii 
Aug.,  1775,  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  con- 
gress s  in  the  next  year  he  signed  the  declaration 
of  independence ;  but  ill  health  in  1777  induced 
him  to  resign  his  seat.  He  was  soon  appointed 
brigadier-general  and  commander-in-chief  of  the 
forces  of  the  colony.  He  also  aided  the  cause  of 
his  country  by  his  projierty.  In  1781  he  suc- 
ceeded Mr.  Jefferson  as  governor  of  Virginia. 
Ilis  efforts  in  the  prosecution  of  the  war  were 
very  important,  and  were  particularly  noticed  by 
Gen.  Washington  after  the  capture  of  York,  in 
his  general  orders,  Oct.  20,  1781.  In  about  a 
month  afterwards  his  ill  health  caused  him  to  re- 
sign the  office  of  chief  magistrate.  An  act  was 
passed,  Dec.  31st,  to  legalize  certain  acts  of  his 
administration,  which,  owing  to  peculiar  circum- 
stances, were  done  without  the  advice  of  the 
council.  He  died  at  his  estate  in  Hanover,  llis 
wife  was  the  daughter  of  Philip  Grymes  of  Bran- 
don. He  had  four  brothers,  zealous  iriends  of 
the  Ilevolutioni   of  these,  the  last,  llobert  N., 


NELSON,  Jl()(ii;ii,  general,  a  soldier  and  pat- 
riot ol'  the  Itevolulion,  was  for  many  years  a  dis- 
tinguished member  of  congress  from  Maryland, 
lie  died  at  Fredericktown  June  7,  1813,  at  an 
iiilvaneed  age. 

NELSON,  J().si:pn,  LL.l).,  the  blind  professor 
of  Latin  and  Greek  in  Uutgers  college.  New 
York,  died  in  IH.'IO.  He  suoceidod  Dr.  IJrowidee, 
and  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Mct'lelland.  So  great 
were  the  jiowers  of  his  memory,  that  he  was  on 
excellent  teacher.  —  Cydupvedia  of  American 
Litiniliin: 

NELSON,  Hioil,  American  minister  to  Spain, 
died  in  Albemarle  county,  Virginia,  March  18, 
18.'{(1.  He  was  speaker  of  the  house,  judge  of 
the  general  court,  and  member  of  congress  from 
1811  to  ISL'.'l. 

N1:LS0X,  JicnicMlAll,  died  at  Newburyport  in 
1838,  aged  00;  a  man  much  respected.  He  wag 
a  member  of  congress  from  1805  to  1807,  and 
from  1815  to  18'J3. 

NELSON,  David,  a  physician  and  minister, 
died  near  Quincy,  Illinois,  Oct.  17,  1844,  aged 
about  51,  a  native  of  East  Tennessee.  He  had 
an  epileptic  illness  of  several  years.  Though  his 
parents  were  pious,  yet  through  the  influence  of 
irreligious  companions  he  became  a  sceptic.  Hav- 
ing studied  medicine,  he;  entered  upon  a  profita- 
ble i)ractice ;  but,  after  a  while,  as  he  thoroughly 
investigated  the  subject  of  religion,  he  was  con- 
vinced of  the  truth  of  the  gospel,  and  embraced 
with  a  sincere  and  earnest  spirit  the  profession 
of  a  minister,  and  for  the  remainder  of  his  life 
devoted  himself  to  this  method  of  doing  good, 
preaching  in  wide  circuits.  He  did  not  deal  so 
much  in  argument  and  reasoning  as  in  anecdote 
and  analagous  illustration.  His  work  on  the 
cause  and  cure  of  Infidelity  was  published  by  the 
tract  society,  1841.  He  gives  in  it  his  own  reli- 
gious   history.  —  N.  Y.  Observer,  Jan.  4,  1845. 

NELSON,  Lkvi,  minister  of  Lisbon,  Coim., 
died  Dec.  17,  1855,  aged  76,  in  the  fifty-second 
year  of  his  ministry.  He  was  born  in  Milford, 
Mass.,  and  was  a  faithful,  useful  minister,  with 
scarcely  any  interrui)tion  in  his  long  labors.  He 
preached  five  thousand  and  one  hundred  different 
sermons.  His  death  was  calm  and  serene.  He 
bequeathed  1000  dollars  to  his  parish,  provided 
they  did  not  settle  as  his  successor  a  man  em- 
bracing what  was  called  the  New  Haven  theology. 
NETTLETON,  Asahel,  D.  D.,  a  remarkable 


604 


NKirVII.LE. 


NEWELL. 


i 


<'vnii(f('liHi  or  iiiiifrniit  |iri'i«rlirr,  iliiil  nt  F.ii*t 
\\'iri(|sr(r,  ('i)iiii.,  May  l(i,  IH'II,  ii^cd  •>(»,  llmii 
ill  Killiii^'Wortli,  tli)>  M)ii  lit'  »  riii'iiirr  ill  ralliiT 
liiiinlilc  ('ii'ciunxlaiK'i's,  lii'  wun  i'iiiii|i<'llr<l  In  I'lil 
ill  iiiiliT  to  |)ro\i(l('  for  Ills  (•(liiciilinii.  lie  >;riiil- 
llHtiil  lit  the  iljjr  if  Iwciitj-tivc  lit  Yiilc  in  INtlO. 
Hi'  wi.xlicd  III  lie  II  liiri'iKii  niih>iiiiiury  ;  liiit  iii' 
wan  li'd  to  II  (lilli'i'i'iit  lirld  of  lalior.  For  ten 
jcnrs,  from  INl'J  to  IN'JL',  In-  whm  coiiNtantly  em- 
ployed UN  an  evaiif;eli»t  |  and  revivals  everywhere 
attended  liin  |ireaeiiiii^' ;  iin  in  tiiirty-tvvo  towns 
of  ('oniiet'liciit  ;  in  I'ittNtleld,  Lenox,  I.ee,  and 
Wiliirahiin)  of  MnsHaeliiisetiH ;  and  in  Saratoga, 
Huliston,  Malta,  Milton,  Stiienettady,  oiid  Nuh- 
Naii  of  New  York.  In  Home  of  tiuKe  towim  n 
hundred  or  more  of  prrHoiis  wen*  throii){li  his 
luhorH  added  to  theeliiiri'li.  He  iisualiy  |ireached 
three  times  on  the  Saliliath  and  several  times 
during;  the  week.  A  loiiK  illness  of  tyiihns  fever 
now  occurred  at  the  Iiounc  of  his  friend,  llev.  Mr. 
I'nrmelee  of  llolton,  who  cauf<ht  the  disease  and 
died  of  it.  AViicn  his  health  was  restored,  he 
roiiumed  his  toils.  He  iireached  in  Alliany,  in 
New  York,  and  in  Virj^inia.  In  1N31  he  went  to 
Great  IJritain.  AVhen  the  theoloj^icnl  institute 
was  founded  at  East  Windsor,  in  1H3!1,  he  wnM 
invited  to  a  iirofessorshii),  which  he  did  not  ac- 
cejit )  hut  he  resided  in  East  Windsor,  and  fjave 
lectures.  Dr.  N.  had  |j;reat  discernment,  judjj- 
ment,  and  skill  in  promoting;  the  cause  of  religion. 
He  was  solemn  and  e.irne.st,  and  he  jiresented 
imjiortant  truths  most  clearly  j  Imt  he  was  not 
endowed  with  a  glowing  fancy.  Yet,  in  describ- 
ing the  condition  of  sinners,  he  ended  with  the 
words,  "  lost,  lost,  lost,"  with  wonderful  effect.  He 
was  never  married.  He  published  village  hymns. 
—  Sprague's  Annals, 

NEUFVILLE,  Edward,  D.  1).,  long  the  rec- 
tor of  Christ  church  in  Savannah,  died  Jan.  1, 
1851.     He  was  a  notive  of  Newport,  K.  I. 

NEVELIXG,  Giluekt  W.,  pastor  of  the  Gor- 
man reformed  church  at  Amville,  N.  J.,  died  in 
1844,  aged  93.  In  the  llevolutionary  war  he 
preached  to  the  battalions  in  New  Jersey  in  the 
cause  of  freedom. 

NEVILLE,  PniiSLET,  general,  died  neor  Ne- 
ville, Ohio,  in  1818,  oged  (52.  Born  in  Virginia, 
he  graduated  at  the  university  of  Philadelphia, 
and  entered  the  army  at  the  age  of  nineteen. 
He  served  several  campaigns  as  the  aid  of  Lafay- 
ette. He  was  a  prisoner  from  the  surrender  of 
Charleston  to  the  close  of  the  war.  The  battles 
in  which  he  fought  were  those  of  Princeton, 
Trenton,  Germantown,  Brandywine,  and  Mon- 
mouth. In  the  latter  his  horse  was  killed  under 
liim. 

NEVINS,  WiLi,i.\M,  D.  D.,  died  at  Baltimore 
Sept.  14,  1835,  aged  37.  He  was  settled  about 
1820. 

NEVINS,    Russjtix  IL,  died  in  New  York 


Nov.  i!7,  IS.'.'li  long  n  'irokrr  and  linnker.  A 
inemlier  of  .Mernr  Htreet  ehiinh,  be  devoted  hiit 
hint  J  ears  to  lieMi'volent  labiim.  The  New  York 
hos|iiliil  Hbiired  his  liberality. 

NI'IWIIY,  Mrs.,  died  in  Liiiirrns,  South  Caro. 
linn,  iiller  IHtMi,  iigid  I  I 'J. —  lliimniiij. 

.\i;\\  I'.LL,  T1.M1111IY,  one  of  the  seleetmcn  of 
Iloston,  ki'|it  a  diary  in  ITTTi  and  1770,  when  the 
city  was  hhiit  up.  It  is  pulilished  in  iiintoriiul 
colleetions,  ith  series,  vol.  I. 

NEWELL,  Samii;i„  minister  of  Hrisiid,  once 
a  part  of  ]''armiiigton,  Conn.,  died  in  I7NI),  aged 
about  70.  He  graduated  at  Yale  in  I7.'l!l,  and 
was  settled  in  1747,  and  was  succeeded  by  G.  H. 
Cowles. 

NEWELL,  Ani:i.,  minister  of  Goshen,  Conn., 
died  in  I  HI,'),  aged  about  H4.  He  graduated  at 
Y'ale  in  1751. 

NI'.WEIiL,  SAMrKl,,  a  missionary  at  Bombay, 
died  May  3(1,  IS'JI,  nged  about  35.  He  was  born 
at  Hurhani,  Maine,  and  was  graduated  at  Har- 
vard college  in  1807,  and  studied  theology  at 
Aiidover.  With  Judson,  Nott,  and  Mills,  he 
oH'ered  himself  as  n  missionary  to  the  general 
association  of  ministers  at  Bradford,  June  27, 
1810  i  wos  ordained  at  Salem  with  Hall,  Judson, 
Nott,  and  llice,  Feb.  0,  1812;  and  sailed  on  'ho 
10th  for  Calcutta.  On  his  arrival  he  was  orrletcd 
by  the  Bengal  govemrnent  to  leove  the  country. 
Proceeding  first  to  the  Isle  of  France,  he  suffered 
the  affliction  of  losing  his  wife  and  child :  he 
afterwards  went  to  Ceylon,  and  was  useful  in  jire- 
paring  the  way  for  the  subsequent  mission  in  that 
island.  He  afterwards  joined  Mr.  Hall  at  Bom- 
bay, and  in  1817  was  joined  by  Mr.  Graves  and 
Mr.  Nichols.  He  continued  at  Bombay  n  faithful 
laborer  in  the  service  of  Jesus  Christ  until  his 
death.  He  was  seized  with  the  epidemic,  spas- 
modic cholera,  in  the  morning  of  May  29th,  and 
died  without  being  able  to  say  any  thing  of  his 
hopes,  at  one  o'clock  the  next  morning.  The 
same  disease  in  four  years  had  swept  over  Indin, 
Burmah,  and  the  Asiatic  islands,  and  hurried  mil- 
lions to  the  tomb;  in  1832  it  prevailed  in  London 
and  Paris.  A  few  days  before  his  death  he  visited 
at  Tannah  many  of  the  sick  ond  dying,  from 
who,m  probably  he  took  the  disease,  as  it  was 
deemed  somewhat  contagious.  At  that  time 
from  sixty  to  one  hundred  were  dying  daily  in 
Bombay.  Mr.  Newell  was  very  modest  and  hum- 
ble, possessed  great  tenderness  of  feeling,  and 
was  entirely  devoted  to  the  arduous  and  imjior- 
tant  labors  of  a  missionary.  He  wrote,  with  Mr. 
Hall,  the  conversion  of  the  world,  or  the  claims 
of  six  hundred  millions,  etc.,  2d  edit.,  1818.— 
Sprague's  Annals. 

NEWELL,  Harriet,  the  wife  of  the  preced- 
ing, the  daughter  of  Moses  Atwood  of  Haver- 
hill, Mass.,  died  Nov.  30,  1812,  aged  19.  She 
was  bom  Oct.  10,  1793,  and  received  on  excellent 


NF.WF.I.T,. 


NF.WMAV. 


r.or> 


fdiientinn.  A»  tlir  n«c  nf  (iftcm  <.|ir  niailc  n  pM- 
rcnsiiiii  III'  ri'll;;iiin.  Sin-  miIIciI  wiili  Inr  liiiiliiiiiil 
from  Ciili'iilla  lor  tin-  Uli'  of  p'riincc,  Aiijf.  I,  IsI'J  i 
iilioiit  tlirri-  tti'ckn  liclorc  ln-r  iirriMil  iilic  In't'imii' 
the  niotlicr  (if  n  iliiu^^liicr,  wlm  ilicil  on  tho  llftli 
<|:iv,  Oi't.  1^1,  iiiiil  uiix  liiirii'il  ill  till'  oi'i'iiti.  In  II 
few  witKh  Mrs.  \(«ill  ilii'il  of  ijn-  roii?tiini|)lioii 
lit  till'  Nil- of  l'n\iiri'.  Slir  ili'imrtril  in  tin-  pi'iirr 
anil  lriiiiii|ili  of  nil  I'liiini'iit  ('iiristiiiii.  In  wriliii);  | 
In  her  iiiotln-r,  Mr.  N'l'wi'll  miIiI  i  "  Coiiu',  thru, 
let  tiN  min({l«'  "iir  tffirl's  iitiil  wci-p  lo^fi'tlicr  i  fori 
hIii' >«as  (Irar  to  un  liolli;  anil  k|u>  too  is  ^nnc.  | 
Yrs,  llurrii't,  your  iovi'ly  ilanjflilcr,  is  (;oin',  anil' 
vim  will  »ri'  luT  luce  no  mure  !  Ilarrirt,  my  own 
ili'iir  Hanirt,  t!.i'  wile  of  my  youth  anil  the  ilrsirr 
nf  my  eyes,  has  liiil  mi-  n  last  furi'ttcli,  and  li'I'l 
mc  t"  mourn  mid  weep !  Yon,  kIio  is  )»onp.  I 
wiprd  till*  cold  (twcat  of  di'ntli  from  lu'i'  ])al(', 
emaciated  fiicc.  ()  Harriet,  Harriet!  for  thou 
wast  very  dear  to  me,  —  thy  last  si^'li  tore  my 
heart  aKuniler,  niiil  dissolved  the  charm  which 
tied  me  to  the  earth."  Her  mother,  Mary 
Atwood,  died  July  4,  IS.j.'J,  n><ed  HI;  her  lUther 
died  ill  IHOft.  Her  life,  written  hy  ])r.  Woods, 
has  jmsKed  throuj^h  many  editions.  The  cause 
of  missions  was  {^really  iinimoted  by  the  deliiieii- 
tion  of  her  clmrnctor  niid  the  dcHcription  of  her 
8iitreriii)(H. 

NI'^WELL,  -loNATliAN,  miiiister  in  Stow,  Mass., 
died  in  1830,  nfjed  Ml.  Uorn  in  Needhum,  he 
graduated  nt  Harvard  in  1770.  John  Oardner, 
his  predecessor,  died  at  the  afje  of  HO.  His  suc- 
cessor, John  L.  Sihloy,  was  settled  in  IKUD.  He 
])ulilishcd  a  sermon,  1783  j  review  of  fifty  years, 
1HJ.J. 

NEWELL,  Hi'.PZiDAii,  Mrs.,  died  in  Monson, 
Mass.,  Sept.  22,  1H34.  aged  103. 

XEWELL,  Is'iM  ,.,  dieti  in  Durham,  Maine, 
in  1H4C,  aged  .■  ,  ,i  j^raduate  of  Uowdoin  in  1819. 
For  thirteci  \o:ir<  from  1H22  ho  was  the  ]n'inci- 
pal  of  KimnuJ  ■  mioii  academy,  I'lainlleld,  N.  H., 
teacliing  more  than  twelve  hundred  youth  and 
lilting  -wo  k'undred  for  college.  He  was  n 
jireaiher  His  wife  was  E.  M.  Whittlesey  of 
('onii>h.  —  Mirror,  Feb,  19. 

NEWHALL,  TiMOTiiY,  general,  died  at  Stur- 
liridge,  Mass.,  Feb.  5,  1819,  aged  7G.  Born  in 
Needham  in  1742,  he  was  at  first  a  mechanic, 
then  a  merchant  and  farmer.  He  entered  the 
army  as  brigade-major,  and  rose  to  the  rank  of 
colonel.  In  Shay's  rebellion  ho  was  also  i  died 
into  active  service ;  he  was  also  a  senator  and 
councillor.  Of  a  noble  person  and  dignified  man- 
ners, he  was  also  a  most  agreaable  comiianion. 
One  daughter  married  Dr.  Ei)hraim  Allen  of 
Salem,  X.  Y.,  and  another  married  Judge  C.  J. 
Savage  of  New  York.  —  Washburn's  Sketch  of 
Leicester  Academy. 
NEWMAN,  Francis,  governor  of  New  Haven 


from  UVi^  till  his  diaili  in  Hii'il,  wn*  an  iiscnt  to 
Mfk  redress  in  l(i',;t  iVum  .Sitmexint,  the  Dn  ill 
governor  at  Maiih. nines,  and  was  secret. iry  iiiider 
Eaton.      He  was  a  man  of  IjeiieMileiKeand  jiiity. 

M'.WM.W,  Swiiil,,  first  minister  of  U.  iii>- 
liiitli,  Mass.,  died  JiiIn  o,  HiO't,  aged  (i.'t.  He  was 
born  at  llaiibiiry,  I'.iig.,  in  lOlin,  and  was  ediiiiiled 
at  Oxford.  He  ranie  to  this  loiinlry  in  |)i;lli. 
.Vfler  his  arrival  he  spiiit  a  \ea'  and  a  half  at 
Dorchester,  and  then,  becoming  the  pastor  of  the 
ehiircli  at  Weymouth,  contliiiied  there  about  live 
years.  In  11)11  he  reinoM'd  with  n  part  of  liifi 
ehnreli  and  settled  at  ICiholintb,  now  Seekonk. 
While  be  was  indefatigable  in  his  stud)  of  the 
Si'i'iptures,  and  aniinateil  and  zealous  in  his 
preaching,  he  was  also  hospitable,  charitable,  and 
pious.  In  bis  last  illness  he  sent  for  one  of  hiit 
deacons,  and,  al^T  requesting  liim  to  make  a 
prayer,  said  :  "And  now,  y  iiiigels  of  the  Lord, 
come  and  do  your  duty."  He  then  iiiniiediately 
expired.  His  daiighler,  Hope,  inarried  Itev.  (i. 
Shove.  He  compiled  a  coiieonlaiiee  of  tiieSerip- 
tures,  which  was  publi.-hed  in  London  in  a  thick 
folio,  .jth  edit.,  1720.  While  he  was  at  llehnboth 
he  revised  it,  using  jiine  knots  in  l\w  niglit  in- 
stead of  candies.  It  ])asses  under  the  name  of 
the  Cambridge  concordance.  —  Mdijnulin.  ill. 
113-11(;. 

NEWMAN,  AntiI'As,  second  minister ol  Wen- 
ham,  Mass.,  died  in  l(i72.  The  son  of  Ilev.  Sam- 
uel N.,  he  began  to  ])reach  at  M'enham  in  111.')"  ; 
was  ordained  in  l(i(i3 ;  and  married  in  KiliH, 
Eli/abeth,  daughter  of  Gov.  Winthrop.  She 
afterwards  married  '/..  Endicott  of  Salem.  — 
Farmer;   Spraijuv  ;    Miss  Vaiilkiiis. 

NEW>L\N,  No.vii,  the  successor  of  his  father, 
Samuel  N.,  as  the  minister  of  Jlehoboth,  died 
Ajiril  10,  1070.  Ill-  was  settled  in  March,  1008. 
His  wife  was  Joanna,  daughter  of  ]{ev.  Henry 
Flynt.  After  liis  death  the  ]iei)j)le  voted  to  give 
his  widow  1')  ])ouiids  and  wood  ;  a  very  creditable 
act.  To  liis  successor,  Mr.  Angler,  they  otl'ered 
40  ])ounds  a  year,  of  which  10  was  to  be  money, 
with  a  prospect  of  augmentation.  —  Jiui/ties' 
I'li/muut/i. 

NEWM.VN,  John,  minister  of  Edgartown, 
Mass.,  died  in  1703.  Ht  was  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1740;  was  ordained  in  1747,  and  dis- 
mis-  il  in  17ii8.  The  sermon  at  his  ordination, 
b\  1.  Dalch,  was  jiublished.  His  predeces.sors 
were  Mayhcw,  Dunham,  and  M'iswall. 

N'EWMAN,  Samlkl  1'..  jirofessor  of  rhetoric 
and  oratory  at  liowdohi  cidlege,  died  Vah.  10, 
1H42,  aged  45.  He  was  the  son  of  Mark  New- 
man of  Andover,  now  living  aged  84,  whose 
father  lived  in  Ijiswich,  ami  died  aged  above  90. 
He  was  graduated  at  Ilowdoin  college  in  1816. 
He  was  the  first  professor  in  his  department  from 
1824  to  1839.    Then  he  took  charge  of  the  State 


606 


NEWMAN. 


NICHOLS. 


\  ~. 


Dormal  school  at  Barre,  Mass.  But  disease  soon 
cut  him  down  in  the  midst  of  life.  lie  jiublished 
a  system  of  rhetoric,  and  a  treatise  on  ])olitical 
economy. 

NEWMAN,  Mark  IL,  brother  of  Professor 
N.,  died  in  Brooklyn,  Dee.  22,  1852,  aged  47. 
IBs  wife,  Mary  Dickinson  of  Amherst,  Mass., 
died  the  same  year,  aged  43.  He  was  a  pub- 
lisher in  New  York,  a  man  of  enterprise  and 
Bucci'ss  in  business,  and  a  Christian  held  in  high 
esteem. 

NEWMARCH,  John,  minister  of  Kittery,  Me., 
died  Jan.  Id,  17M,  aged  about  83.  He  was  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  in  1690.  He  lived  at  Kittery 
point,  on  the  east  side  of  the  Piscataqua,  opposite 
Portsmouth,  in  1699,  and  had  land  as  the  min- 
ister, but  a  church  was  not  gathered  until  1714, 
when  he  was  ordained,  Nov.  4th.  Col.  Pepperell, 
the  father  of  Sir  William  P.,  was  a  member  of 
his  church  at  its  organization,  consisting  of  eight- 
een men  and  twenty-five  women.  Mr.  Stevens 
in  1751  became  his  colleague,  on  account  of  his 
infirmity.  —  Sprajtie's  Annals, 

NEWTON,  Roger,  the  first  minister  of  Far- 
mington,  Conn.,  died  Juno  6,  1683,  aged  about 
63.  He  was  born  in  England,  and  ordained  the 
first  minister  of  Farmington  about  Oct.  13,  1652, 
and  removed  to  Milford  in  1660.  He  died  greatly 
lamented.  His  wife  was  Mary,  the  eldest  daugh- 
ter of  Rev.  Thomas  Hooker.  To  her  eldest  child 
Governor  Hopkins  bequeathed  30  pounds,  out  of 
respect,  perhaps,  to  her  fether.  His  daughter, 
Sarah,  married  Rev.  John  Wilson  of  Medfield.  — 
Spragve's  Annals ;  Farmer. 

NEWTON,  Roger,  colonel  and  judge,  died 
at  Milford,  Conn.,  in  1771,  aged  86.  He  was 
distinguished  in  the  expeditions  of  1709  and  1710. 
These  lines  ai-e  a  part  of  his  epitaph : 

"  Newton,  tu  ateel  Inflexible  ft«m  right 
In  fiiitli,  in  law,  in  equity,  in  fight." 

NEWTON,  Christopher,  Episcopal  minister 
of  Stratford,  Conn.,  died  in  1787,  aged  about  70. 
He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1740. 

NEWTON,  Roger,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Green- 
field, Mass.,  died  Dec.  10,  1816,  aged  79.  He 
was  born  at  Durham,  Conn.,  May  23,  1737 ;  was 
graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1758 ;  was  ordained 
Nov.  18,  1761,  and  had  Gamaliel  S.  Olds  as  his 
colleague  for  a  few  years.  His  wife  was  Abigail 
Hall  of  Middlotown.  His  son,  Roger,  educated 
at  Yale  college  and  a  tutor,  died  Aug.  19,  1789. 
He  was  a  faithful,  useful  minister,  prudent  and 
courteous  and  amiable  in  all  the  relations  of  life. 

NEWTON,  Mrs.,  the  wife  of  Samuel  N.,  mis- 
sionary to  the  Osages,  died  at  Shawneetown,  111., 
May  9,  1821.  She  was  taken  ill  while  descend- 
ing the  Ohio  in  a  boat.    Her  end  was  peace. 

NEWTON,  Mrs.,  wife  of  Samuel  N.,  mission- 
aty  tp  the  Arkansas  Chorokees,  died  at  the  forks 


of  Illinois  in  1835,  ngcd33.  Bom  in  Rockawaj 
X.  J.,  she  joined  the  mission  among  tlic  Osa-jcti 
in  1820,  as  the  wife  of  J.  Secly.  In  1827,  after 
her  marriage  with  Mr.  Newton,  thoy  w(>re  trans- 
ferred to  the  missionary  field,  where  she  died. 
She  had  been  fourteen  years  in  the  service.  She 
died  in  peace  and  triumph. 

NEWTON,  Thomas,  for  thirty  years  a  mem- 
ber of  congress  from  Virginia,  died  at  Norfolk  in 
1847,  aged  78. 

NIBLET,  Solomon,  died  Oct.  15,  1815,  in 
Laurens  district,  South  Carolina,  aged  143.  Born 
in  England,  ho  emigrated  to  Maryland,  aiul 
thence  in  1765  to  South  Carolina.  He  never  lost 
his  teeth  nor  eye-sight.  The  public  journal, 
which  states  these  facts,  also  says,  that  a  few  days 
before  his  death  he  joined  a  hunting  party  and 
killed  a  deer.  Whether  in  this  account  there  is 
some  mistake  or  some  invention,  there  arc  no 
means  at  hand  of  deciding. 

NICENS,  David,  a  Baptist  colored  minister, 
died  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  Sept.  14,  1838,  aged  43. 

NICHOLAS,  Wilson  Cary,  governor  of  Vir- 
ginia, died  at  Milton  Oct.  10,  1820.  lie  was  an 
officer  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  convention  which  ratified  the  constitu- 
tion of  the  United  States.  He  was  for  yeart'  a 
distinguished  member  of  the  house  of  represent- 
atives and  of  the  senate  of  the  United  States, 
being  chosen  senator  from  Virginia  in  Dec.,  1799, 
in  the  place  of  Henry  Tazewell,  deceased.  He 
ably  supported  the  measures  of  Jefferson's  admin- 
istration. Accepting  the  office  of  collector  of  the 
ports  of  Norfolk  and  Portsmouth  in  1804,  ho  re- 
signed his  seat  in  the  senate.  He  was  afterwards 
a  member  of  the  house;  but  he  resigned  his  soat 
in  1809.  In  1814  he  succeeded  James  Barbour 
as  governor,  and  was  succeeded  by  Col.  James 
Preston  in  1817.  He  published  a  letter  to  his 
constituents,  1809. 

NICHOLET,  Charles,  came  from  Virginia  to 
Salem  in  1672,  and  was  assistant  minister  to  Mr. 
Higginson.  He  was  invited  to  settle  for  life ;  but 
a  difficulty  sprung  up  as  to  the  manner  of  his 
support,  whether  by  voluntary  contribution  or 
otherwise,  and  he  removed  to  Lynn  in  1674,  but 
went  to  England  in  1676. 

NICHOLS,  Moses,  a  physician  and  colonel, 
distinguished  in  the  battle  of  Bennington,  Aug. 
17,  1777,  died  at  Amherst,  N.  IL,  in  May,  1790, 
aged  49.  Ho  commanded  the  troops  sent  by 
Stark  to  the  rear  of  the  enemy's  left  wing.  lie 
hold  at  last  the  rank  of  brigadier-general  of  the 
militia.  He  practised  many  years  as  a  physician, 
and  held  various  offices.  His  son,  Moses,  a  phy- 
sician and  judge,  lived  in  Canada. 

NICHOLS,  John,  missionary  to  Bombay,  was 
ordained  at  Boston  with  the  missionaries.  Swift, 
Graves,  Parsons,  and  Buttrick,  Aug.  2,  1817,  and 
sailed  for  Bombay,  with  Iiis  wife  and  Allen  Graves 


NICHOLS. 

and  his  wife,  and  Philomela .  Thurston,  Sept.  5, 
1817,  and  arrived  Feb.  23,  1818.  After  toiling 
in  his  benevolent  work  nearly  seven  years,  he  died 
of  a  fever  at  Bombay,  Dec.  10,  1824. 

NICHOLS,  PniXEAS,  deacon,  died  at  Haver- 
hill, Mass.,  in  1838,  aged  98.  He  was  at  the  cap- 
ture of  Louisbourg  in  1758,  and  took  an  active 
part  in  the  war  of  the  llcvolution. 

NICHOLSOX,  James,  a  naval  officer,  died 
Sept.  2,  1804  or  1806,  aged  68.  He  descended 
from  ancestors  who  were  the  early  settlers  of 
Maryland,  was  born  in  Chestertown  in  1737,  and 
was  trained  to  the  sea  with  two  brothers,  who 
were  afterwards  commanders  in  the  navy.  Hav- 
ing married,  he  resided  in  the  ciiy  of  New  York 
from  1763  till  1771,  when  he  returned  to  the 
eastern  shore  of  Miryland.  In  1776  he  was  put 
ill  command  of  the  Maryland  8hii)-of-war,  the 
IJefence,  in  which  in  March  he  recaptured  several 
vessels  which  the  British  had  taken.  In  1778  he 
was  intrusted  with  the  command  of  the  Trumbull, 
a  frigate  of  thirty-two  guns,  in  which,  June  2, 
1780,  ho  fought  a  severe  battle  of  three  hours 
with  the  Wyatt,  losing  about  thirty  men,  when 
the  vessels  parted.  He  was  afterwards  captured 
and  carried  into  New  York,  where  he  continued 
to  live  after  his  release  at  the  close  of  the  war. 
During  the  controversy  concerning  Jay's  treaty, 
he  was  at  the  head  of  the  opponents  to  it  in  New 
York.  In  1801  he  succeeded  Mr.  Clarkson  as 
commissioner  of  loans  for  the  State  of  New  York. 
He  died  near  New  York.  His  three  daughters 
married  Albert  Gallatin,  William  Few,  and  John 
Montgomery,  a  member  of  congress  and  mayor 
of  Baltimore :  it  is  remarkable,  that  Mr.  Mont- 
gomery and  Col.  Few  were  buried  on  the  same 
day,  in  1828. 

NICHOLSON,  Samuel,  commodore  in  the 
American  navy,  anH  probably  brother  of  the 
preceding,  died  at  Charlestown,  Mass.,  in  1811, 
aged  69. 

NICHOLSON,  Joseph  Hopper,  chief  judge 
of  the  sixth  judicial  district,  and  a  judge  of  the 
court  of  appeals  of  Maryland,  died  March  4, 
1817,  aged  47  years.  His  talerts  were  invigor- 
ated by  a  good  education.  For  ma*-,,  '■oars  he 
was  a  conspicuous  member  of  congress.  He  was 
appointed  a  judge  in  1805.  On  the  bench  his 
dignity,  integrity,  and  abilities  commanded  re- 
spect. In  private  life  he  was  amiable  and  be- 
loved.   He  was  succeeded  by  Walter  Dorsey. 

NICHOLSON,  Jesse,  a  Methodist  minister, 
died  at  Portsmouth,  Va.,  in  1834,  aged  74. 

NICHOLSON,  John  B.,  commodore,  died  at 
Washington  Nov.  9,  1846.  He  was  a  midsliip- 
man  in  1805 ;  was  in  the  United  States  when  she 
captured  the  Macedonian,  and  in  the  Peacock  in 
the  engagement  with  the  Epervier. 

NICOLL,  John,  M.  D.,  a  physician  in  New 
York,  died  Oct.  2,  1743,  aged  63.    He  was  a  na- 


NILES. 


607 


tive  of  Scotland,  and  was  educated  at  Edinburgh. 
Retaining  the  highest  attachment  to  the  doctrine, 
constitution,  and  discipline  of  the  church  of  Scot- 
land, after  his  arrival  in  this  country  he  was  one 
of  the  princii)al  founders  and  benefactors  of  the 
first  Presbyterian  church  in  New  York,  which  was 
established  in  1719.  He  spent  a  considerable 
part  of  his  estate  in  erecting  a  house  of  worship. 
As  a  physician  he  was  unwearied  in  his  attention 
to  his  patients.  The  poor  he  cheerfully  visited 
without  the  jjrospect  of  reward.  His  life  was 
distinguished  for  benevolence  and  piety. 

NICOLLET,  J.  N.,  an  eminent  mathematician 
and  astronomer,  died  in  Washington  Sept.  11, 
1843,  aged  about  48.  He  was  bom  at  or  near 
Sallenches  in  Savoy,  between  Geneva  and  Mont 
Blanc.  He  was  a  favorite  pupil  of  La  Place  in 
Paris.  For  the  last  ten  years  he  lived  in  this 
country,  engaged  in  researches,  chieHy  in  the  em- 
ployment of  the  government.  He  explored  the 
regions  beyond  the  Mississippi  and  the  Missouri, 
and  completed  a  map  and  partly  prepared  a  re- 
port. He  wrote  various  books,  treatises,  and 
memoirs.  —  Boston  Advertiser,  September  20, 
1843. 

NICOLLS,  Richard,  colonel,  first  English 
governor  of  New  York,  was  commissioned  in 
1664,  with  Carr,  Cartwright,  and  Maverick,  to 
determine  complaints  and  appeals  in  all  causes, 
military,  criminal,  and  civil,  throughout  New 
England.  Nicolls  proceeded  to  Manhattan  and 
obliged  Stuyvesant,  the  Dutch  governor,  to  capit- 
ulate Aug.  27,  1664,  and  gave  to  New  Amster- 
dam the  name  of  New  York.  Sept.  14th,  fort 
Orange  was  captured,  and  called  Albany.  He 
established  a  regular  government  at  New  York. 
The  purchase  of  lands  from  the  Indians  on  Long 
Island  was  prohibited,  except  with  a  license  from 
the  governor.  In  1667  he  retired  from  the  gov- 
ernment with  honor,  and  was  succeeded  by  Love- 
lace, who  purchased  Staten  Island  from  the 
natives. 

NILES,  S.\MUEL,  minister  of  Braintree,  Mass., 
died  May  1,  1762,  aged  88.  He  was  a  descend- 
ant of  John  Niles,  who  lived  in  Braintree  from 
1639  till  his  death,  in  Feb.,  1694;  was  born  on 
Block  Island  May  1, 1674,  and  graduated  at  Har- 
vard college  in  1699.  He  afterwards  preached 
for  some  time  in  Rhode  Island,  in  a  district  culled 
Ministerial  Lands,  from  1702  to  1710.  In  1710 
he  removed  from  Kingston  to  Braintree,  where 
he  was  ordained  minister  of  the  second  church 
May  23,  1711.  In  1759,  sixty  years  after  he  re- 
ceived the  first  honors  of  the  college,  he  took  the 
degree  of  master  of  arts.  His  first  wife,  a  daugh- 
ter of  P.  Thachcr  of  Milton,  died  in  1716;  his 
second,  Ann  Coddington,  died  in  1732.  He  pub- 
lished a  brief  and  sorrowful  account  of  the  present 
chiu:ches  in  New  England,  1745;  vindication  of 
divers  important  doctrines,  8vo.,  1752;  Scripture 


608 


NILES. 


MXIGRE'lT. 


doctrine  of  original  sin,  in  answer  to  Taylor,  8vo., 
1757.  His  history  of  the  Indinii  and  French 
wars  is  in  historical  collections,  third  series,  vol. 
VI.,  making  one  hundred  and  twenty-four  pages, 
and  unfinished. —  Sprar/ne's  Annals. 

NILES,  Thomas,  first  minister  of  Rumney, 
N.  11.,  died  al  aut  1788,  aged  about  50.  Born  in 
East  Haddara,  he  graduated  aX  Yale  in  1758. 
He  was  settled  in  1767  and  dismissed  in  1788. 

NILES,  Samuel,  minister  of  Abington,  Mass., 
died  Jan.  16,  1814,  aged  70.  He  was  the  son  of 
Mr.  Samuel  N.,  who  was  distinguished  in  public 
life ;  was  born  in  Braintree  in  1743,  and  graduated 
at  Princeton  college  in  1769.  H^'  was  ordained 
Sept.  25,  1771 ;  his  predecessors  were  Samuel 
Brown,  who  died  in  1749,  and  Ezekiel  Dodge, 
■who  died  in  1770.  After  suffering  from  the  palsy 
about  two  years,  he  died  Jan.  16,  1814,  aged  69. 
His  successor  was  Holland  Weeks.  His  wife  was 
a  daughter  of  his  predecessor,  E.  Dodge.  He 
was  a  faithful,  useful  minister,  and  a  man  of  a 
vigorous  mind,  inclined  to  metaphysical  investi- 
gations. He  published  some  remarks  on  a  ser- 
mon by  John  Reed,  1813;  a  sermon  on  the  death 
of  Washington,  1800;  before  missionary  society, 
1801.  —  Panoplist,  X. ;  Sprague's  Annals. 

NILES,  Samuel,  died  at  Lebanon,  Conn.,  May, 
1804,  aged  93.  He  graduated  at  Cambridge  in 
1731,  and  was  a  councillor  of  Massachusetts  and 
a  justice  of  common  pleas  for  Suffolk. 

NILES,  John,  a  minister,  died  at  Bath,  Steu- 
ben county,  N.  Y.,  in  1812,  aged  about  35.  He 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1797. 

NILES,  Nathaniel,  judge,  died  in  West  Fair- 
lee,  Vt.,  in  Nov.,  1828,  aged  87.  He  was  the 
brother  of  Rev.  Samuel  N.  of  Abington,  and  was 
born  in  South  Kingston,  R.  I. ;  graduated  at 
Princeton  in  ri69.  He  was  for  a  time  a  student 
of  medicine  and  law,  and  then  of  theology  under 
Dr.  Bellamy,  and  preached  in  various  j)laces,  but 
was  never  settled.  He  resided  in  Norwich,  Conn., 
where  he  married  a  daughter  of  Elijah  Lothrop, 
a  man  of  wealth.  Here  he  invented  a  method 
of  making  wire  from  bar  iron,  by  water  power, — 
the  first  invention  of  the  kind.  He  also  erected 
a  wooUqn  card  manufactory.  Purchasing  land  in 
Vermont,  he  was  the  first  settler  in  West  Fairlee. 
He  became  speaker  of  the  house  and  judge  of 
the  supreme  court ;  also,  a  member  of  congress; 
and  six  times  an  elector  of  president.  He  was  a 
metaphysician,  a  defender  of  the  taste  scheme. 
For  twelve  years  he  preached  in  his  own  house. 
He  wrote  the  American  hero,  a  celebrated  sap- 
phic  ode  on  the  war,  wliicii  was  set  to  music,  and 
was  tlie  war-song  of  the  Revolution.  It  begins 
with  the  lines, 

"  Why  should  vain  mortala  tremble  at  the  sight  of 
Deutli  sud  destruction  in  the  fluid  uf  buttle  ?  "  ! 

It  is  in  the  New  York  Observer,  Aug.  21,  1851; 
also  in   the  cyclopedia  of  American   literature. 


He  published  four  discourses  on  secret  prayer, 
1773 ;  two  on  confession  and  forgiveness  ;  two  on 
God  tiie  fountain  of  good,  1777;  on  vain  amuse- 
ments ;  a  letter  on  the  power  of  sinners  to  make 
new  hearts,  1809.  —  Sprague's  Annals. 

NILES,  Hp:zekiah,  died  at  Wilmington,  Del., 
April  2,  1839,  aged  62.  For  twenty-five  years 
he  was  the  edito-  of  Niles'  Weekly  Register,  at 
Baltimore.  In  his  character  he  was  esteemed. 
He  published  his  Register  in  twelve  volumes 
from  1812  to  1817  ;  in  twelve  volumes  from  1817 
to  1823;  in  eight  volumes  from  1823  to  1827. 

NILES,  George,  died  in  Shaftsbury,  Vt.,  May 
19,  1846,  aged  105  yrs.  and  9  mos.  He  served  in 
the  French  and  Indian  war  at  the  age  of  16. 

NILES,  AViLLiAM  Wats(!W,  a  minister,  died  at 
La  Porte,  Indiana,  in  1854,  aged  57,  a  graduate 
of  Dartmouth  in  1820. 

NILES,  JoiLX  M.,  died  at  Hartford  May  31, 
1856,  aged  68;  he  was  a  senator  of  the  United 
States  eleven  years,  and  the  efficient  postmaster- 
general  under  President  Van  Buren.  He  died  of 
a  cancer  on  his  cheek.  He  had  no  children.  He 
published  the  life  of  Perry. 

NINIGRETT,  sachem  of  Niantick,  or  Nehan- 
tick,  or  Nayantick,  was  one  of  the  Narragansett 
chiefs  at  the  settlement  of  Rhode  Island  by  the 
whites.  His  name  is  variously  written,  Nincjrret, 
Ninegrad,  Ninicrete,  Ninicraft,  Nynigrett.  He 
was  the  uncle  of  Miantunnomu ;  but  in  the  war 
of  the  latter  with  the  Pequots  in  1632  he  did  not 
participate.  However,  he  assisted  the  English  in 
the  Pequot  war  of  1637,  his  country  being  in  the 
line  of  march,  and  when  the  division  of  the  two 
hundred  surviving  Pequots  was  made  among  the 
conquerors,  he  received  twenty  and  Miantunnomu 
eighty.  The  commissioners  of  the  United  Colo- 
nies, Sept.  20,  1653,  determined  to  make  war 
with  him,  and  ordered  two  hundred  and  fifty  sol- 
diers to  be  immediately  raised.  He  was  suspected 
of  joining  in  a  plot  with  the  Dutch  for  the  de- 
struction of  the  English  colonies,  for  he  had  spent 
the  preceding  winter  at  Manhadoes  with  Stuyvc- 
sant,  the  Dutch  governor,  and  had  visited  the 
western  Indians.  The  commissioner  from  Massa- 
chusetts was  opposed  to  the  war,  and,  as  that 
colony  did  not  concur  in  the  measure,  it  was  not 
prosecuted.  In  the  mean  while  Ninigrett  waged 
his  war  with  the  Long  Island  Indians ;  and,  re- 
fusing to  appear  at  Hartford,  war  was  again  de- 
termined on  in  Sept.,  1654.  Maj.  S.  Willard 
marched  from  Massachusetts  into  the  Nnrragau- 
sett  country  to  demand  the  Pequots  under  Nini- 
grett, and  tribute ;  he  brought  off  one  hundred 
Pequots,  but  Ninigrett  had  fled.  His  country 
was  not  laid  waste,  probably  from  the  forbearance 
of  Massachusetts,  averse  to  the  war.  Oct.  13, 
1660,  he  and  Scuttup  and  other  chiefs  mortgaged 
their  territory  to  H.  Atherton  and  his  partners, 
and  delivered  possession  by  turf  and  twig  at  Pet- 


NISBET. 


NOBLE. 


609 


tcqiiamscot  in  1602.  He  did  not  join  in  Philip's 
war,  nnd  in  consequence  his  tribe  escajied  the 
ruin  wliich  came  upon  the  other  tribes.  The 
time  of  his  death  is  not  known.  In  ITGl  the 
numl)cr  of  his  tribe  was  two  hundred  and  forty- 
ci^lit ;  and  there  was  a  sachem  Ninigrett,  proba- 
bly his  descendant. 

NISBiyr,  CiiAni.r.R,  J).  I).,  first  president  of 
Dickinson  college,  Penn.,  died  Jan.  17,  1801,  aged 
C(J.    He  was  bom  in  Scotland,  educated  in  Edin- 
burgh, and  was  for  many  years  minister  of  Mont- 
rose.   During  the  struggle  between  Great  Britain 
and  her  colonies,  riuch  was  his  attachment  to  lili- 
erty  that  ho  dared  to  lift  up  his  voice  in  favor  of 
America.     When  Dickinson  college  was  founded 
at  Carlisle  in  1783,  he  was  chosen  its  principal,  j 
though  he  did  not  arrive  in  this  country  and  enter  j 
upon   the   duties  of  tiic  office   till    1785.      His 
successors  were  Atwater,  ^lason,  and.Neill.     His 
imagination  was  lively  and  fertile,  and  his  under- 
standing equally  acute  and  vigorous.      He  pos- 
sessed a  memory  tenacious  almost  beyond  belief, 
a  solid  judgment,  and  a  correct  taste.     He  could 
repeat  with  great  facility  all  the  beautiful  and 
striking  passages  of  the  classic  authors.     He  was 
acquainted  both  with   the  ancient   learned  lan- 
guages, and  with  the  modern  languages  of  Europe. 
His  lectures  in  the  college,  which  were  designed 
to  communicate  the  elements  of  knowledge,  were 
.)lain  and  simple,  but  rich  in  solid  learning.     In 
jiivate  life  he  was  a  most  entertaining  companion, 
for  his  humor  was  excellent  and  cxhaustless.    His 
i)cnctrating  mind  perceived  relations  and  con- 
nections among    things   wliich   escaped    almost 
every  other,  and  he  was  constantly  enli'oning 
conversation  whh  flashes  of  wit.     He  was  master 
of  the  lively  anecdote,  the  smart  repartee,  the 
keen  irony,  and  the  delicate  rebulie.    His  remarks 
on  men  were  often  severe  and  cutting,  for,  being 
himself  upright,  he  had  a  rooted  abhorrence  of 
deceit  and  chicanery  in  others.     Ills  independ- 
ent mind  scorned  the  idea  of  procuring  favor  or 
insuring  popularity  by  any  means  inconsistent 
with  the  most  dignified  and  virtuous  sentiments, 
nnd  he  had  no  respect  for  the  man  who,  to  obtain 
the  one  or  the  other,  would  cringe  to  the  multi- 
tude.   His    manners  were    gentle,  unassuming, 
simple,  and  in  the  common  affairs  and  traffic  of 
this  world  he  was  a  very  child.     His  temper  was 
cheerful,  his  morals  unimpeached,  his  piety  un- 
questioned.   As  the  principal  of  a  college,  as  a 
minister  of  the  gospel,  as  a  true  patriot,  as  a  good 
man,  he  has  not  often  been  surpassed.    His  posthu- 
mous works  were  published   about   1806  j    his 
memoirs,  by  Dr.  Miller,  were  published  in  1840. 
—  Ci/d.  of  Amer.  Literature. 

NilSCHMAN,  David,  died  in  Bethlehem  April 
14,  1758,  aged  81.    He  felled  the  first  tree  at  B. 
and  built  the  first  house. 
NIXON,  JouN,  brigadier-general,  a  soldier  of 
77 


the  Revolution,  died  March  24,  1815,  aged  90. 
He  was  born  at  Framuigham,  Mass.,  March  4, 
1725.  He  was  present  as  a  soldier  at  the  siege 
of  Louisburg  in  1745.  .\fter  serving  in  the  army 
and  navy  seven  years,  he  returned  to  his  native 
jilace.  But  ho  soon  again  entered  the  army  m  a 
captain.  He  fought  in  tlie  attack  on  Ticondcrogn, 
when  Aborcrombie  was  defeated,  and  in  the  bat- 
tle of  lake  George.  Afterwards  falling  into  an 
ambuscade,  he  cut  his  way  through  the  energy  aiid 
escaped,  but  with  the  loss  of  nearly  all  liis  party. 
In  the  Ilcvolutionary  war,  at  the  head  of  a  com- 
•jany  of  minute-men,  he  met  the  enemy  in  the 
battle  of  Lexington ;  nnd  in  that  of  Bunker  Hill 
ho  was  distinguished  by  his  bravery  at  the  head 
of  a  regiment,  and  received  a  severe  wound,  from 
which  he  never  entirely  recovered.  He  was  made 
a  brigadier-general  in  Aug.,  1770.  Washington 
intrusted  him  with  the  command  on  Governor's 
Island,  near  New  York.  He  was  v  'th  Gates  in 
1777.  In  the  battle  of  Stillwater  a  cannon-ball 
passed  so  near  his  head  as  to  impair  permanently 
the  sight  of  one  eye  and  his  hearing  in  one  ear. 
In  bad  health,  he  resigned  his  commission  in  1780. 
lie  removed  to  Middlebury,  Vt.,  in  1803,  and 
lived  with  his  children.  His  brother.  Col.  N.,  an 
officer  of  the  lievolution,  was  drowned  in  a  voy- 
age to  the  district  of  Maine.  For  many  years 
before  his  death  he  was  a  member  of  a  Congre- 
gational church.  He  was  respected  and  esteemed 
in  the  various  relations  of  life. 

NOAH,  an  Indian  preacher  of  good  character, 
lived  in  1C98  at  Nantucket,  where  there  were  then 
two  Indian  churches  and  five  congregations.  The 
other  preachers  were  Muckamuck,  Asherman, 
Quequenah,  Netowah,  Peter  Hayt,  Wunnohson, 
Spotso,  and  Codpogannut. 

NOAH,  MoRDECAi  Manasseh,  major,  died  of 
apoplexy  in  New  York,  March  22,  1851,  aged  65. 
Born  in  Philadelphia,  he  was  an  apprentice,  and 
in  early  life  went  to  Chai-leston.  lie  was  consul 
to  Morocco  from  1813  to  1816.  On  his  return 
he  established  the  National  Advocate,  and  after- 
wards the  New  York  Enquirer,  which  was  merged 
in  the  Courier  and  Enquirer ;  and  then  the  Even- 
ing Star,  merged  in  the  Times  nnd  Star.  He 
also  published  a  weekly  paper,  the  Times.  He 
was  siu-veyor  of  the  port,  and  sheriff.  He  pub- 
lished travels  in  England,  France,  Spain,  and  the 
Barbary  States,  1819;  on  the  restoration  of  the 
Jews,  1845. 

NOBLE,  Olu'ER,  minister  in  Newbury,  Mass., 
died  in  1792,  aged  56.  Born  in  Hebron,  Conn., 
he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1757 ;  was  ordained  at 
Coventry,  Conn.,  as  successor  of  J.  Meacham  in 
1759;  was  dismissed  in  1761;  settled  in  New- 
bury from  1762  to  1783 ;  and  then  in  Newcastle, 
N.  H.,  from  1784  till  his  death.  He  published  a 
discourse  on  church  music,  1774;  on  Boston 
massacre,  1775. 


010 


NOBLE. 


NORRIS. 


NOBLE,  OiDEOx,  minister  of  Willington, 
Conn.,  died  in  1792,  aged  about  GO.  lie  was 
bom  in  Weslfield,  Mass.,  and  graduated  at  Yale 
in  1755. 

NOBLE,  John,  deacon,  a  man  of  benevolence, 
died  in  Portsmouth,  N.  IL,  in  1801,  aged  G7,  lea-z- 
ing two  bridge-shares  to  the  parish  poor. 

NOl'LE,  David,  judge,  an  early  settler  of 
Williarc  stown,  Mass.,  died  March  4,  1803,  aged 
fiS.  He  was  a  lawjer,  and  a  prosperous  mer- 
chant. 

NOBI  ,  Pnr,  died  in  Ohio  in  1807,  aged  G4. 
He  was  the  son  of  Thomas  of  Westfield,  and 
minister  of  Montgomerj',  Mass.,  from  1801  to 
1806.  At  on  earlier  period  he  preached  in  Ban- 
gor, Me.,  before  the  town  obtained  an  incorpora- 
tion (  to  procure  which  he  carried  their  petition 
to  Boston.  They  asked  that  the  name  of  the 
place  might  be  Loufield ;  but,  as  he  admired  the 
time  of  Bangor,  he  struck  out  that  word  and  in- 
serted Bangor;  and  such  was  the  music- loving 
origin  of  the  name  of  the  city  of  the  i'enobscot, 
which  was  incorporated  in  1791.  In  1792  it  had 
only  169  inhabitants,  —  Holland's  Hist.  li.  100. 

NCBLE,  OBiVDlAH,  first  minister  of  Orford, 
N.  H.,  died  in  Vermont  Feb.  19,  1829,  aged  90. 
Bom  in  Sheffield,  Mass.,  ho  graduated  at  Prince- 
ton in  1763;  was  settled  in  1771;  and  dismissed 
in  1777. 

NOBLE,  Calvin,  minister  of  Chelsea,  Vt., 
died  in  1834,  aged  66.  He  was  a  graduate  of 
Middlebury  in  the  fourth  class,  in  1805. 

NOBLE,  Patrick,  governor  of  South  Carolina, 
died  in  Abberille  district  in  1840,  aged  53.  He 
giaduated  at  Princeton  in  1806 ;  was  a  lawyer,  a 
member  of  the  legislature,  and  governor  in  1838; 
as  his  term  of  office  was  not  expired,  the  legisla- 
ture chose  a  lieutenant-governor.  He  was  intel- 
ligdt,  and  of  an  amiable  and  irreproachable 
character,  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 

—  Boston  Chronicle  and  Patriot,  April  22,  1840. 
NODDLE,  William,  took  the  freeman's  oath 

at  Boston,  in  1631.  From  him  Noddle's  Island 
was  named. 

NOEL,  Silas  M.,  D.  D.,  a  Baptist  minister, 
died  at  Lexington,  Ky.,  in  1839,  aged  53. 

NORCROSS,  Nathaniel,  a  preacher  at  Lan- 
caster, became  a  freeman  in  Massachusetts,  in 
1643.  He  was  a  first  settler  of  Nashaway,  as 
Lancaster  was  called  in  that  year ;  and  in  the 
next  he  became  the  minister,  but  in  one  or  two 
years  returned  to  England.  lie  was  ejected  from 
his  living  at  Walsingham  after  the  Restoration. 

—  Felt's  Eccl.  History. 
NORDHEIMER,  Isaac,  Dr.,  died  in   New 

York  in  1842,  professor  of  Hebrew  and  teacher 
of  German  in  Union  theological  seminary. 

NORMANDIE,  John  Abraham  de,  a  physi- 
cian, formerly  of  Bristol,  Penn.,  died  at  Bellefield, 
near  Trenton,  N.  J.,  Sept.  22,  1806,  aged  85. 


NORRIS,  Edward,  minister  of  Salem,  had 
been  a  preacher  before  he  arrived  in  this  country 
in  1G39;  he  and  his  wife  Eleanor  first  joined  llio 
church  in  Boston ;  he  was  ordained  at  Salom 
March  18, 1G40,  as  a  colleague  with  Iluj^h  Peters ; 
and  died  April  10,  1G59,  aged  about  70,  having 
been  sole  pastor  eighteen  years.  His  church  did 
not  adopt  the  platform  of  1648;  nor  did  they 
use  the  New  England  psalms  instead  of  Ains- 
worth's  till  some  years  after  his  death.  Mr.  Xor- 
ris  was  tolerant,  and  did  not  join  in  the  persecution 
of  the  Gortonists  and  Anabaptists.  In  1651  and 
1G54,  when  one  person  was  executed  for  witch- 
craft in  Boston  and  scveri.1  others  in  the  colony, 
he  withstood  tLe  delusion  of  the  times.  Yet,  with 
his  excellent  disposition  and  enlarged  views,  he 
urged,  by  his  writings,  the  prosecution  of  the  war 
against  the  Dutch,  which  the  commissioners  of 
the  United  Colonies  had  recommended  in  1053, 
but  which  was  deemed  inexpedient  by  the  gov- 
ernment of  Massachusetts.  If  they  did  not  go 
to  war,  he  thought  the  curst  upon  Meroz  would 
be  deserved.  In  tliis  he  erred  in  spirit  and  judg- 
ment. He  lived  in  Gloucestersliire  in  England, 
and  was  a  teacher  as  well  as  minister.  He  pub- 
lished in  London  a  treatise  on  asking  for  temporal 
blessings,  and  other  tracts  against  Boye  and  Trask. 
—  FeWs  Eccl.  Hist.,  ml. 

NORRIS,  John,  one  of  the  founders  of  tlie 
theological  seminary  in  Andover,  died  Dec.  22, 
1808,  aged  57.  He  was  for  many  years  a  re- 
spectable merchant  in  Salem,  JIass  March  21, 
1808,  he  gave  10,000  dollars  towards  establishing 
the  insti'ution  at  Andover.  Tiiis  was  a  day  uf 
unequalled  munificence,  for  on  the  same  day 
Messrs.  Brown  and  Bartlett,  merchants  of  Xcw- 
burj-port,  gave  towards  the  name  object,  the 
former  10,000  and  the  latter  20,000  dollars.  Mr. 
Norris  lived  to  see  tlie  seminary  ojiened  on  Soi)t. 
28th.  His  widow,  Mary  Norris,  died  at  Salom  in 
1811,  bequeathing  30,000  dollars  to  the  theologi- 
cal seminary  at  Andover,  and  the  same  sum  to 
trustees  for  the  benefit  of  foreign  missions  to  the 
heathen.  In  such  esteem  was  he  held  by  his 
fellow  citizens,  that  he  was  for  .several  years 
elected  n  member  of  the  senate  of  Jlassachusctts, 
Obtaining  through  the  di'inc  blcstiing  upon  liis 
industry  an  ample  fortune,  he  considcicd  liinisclf 
as  the  steward  of  God,  and  his  abundant  liberality 
flowed  in  various  channels.  Though  his  extreme 
self-diffidence  prevented  him  from  making  a  pul)- 
lic  profession  of  religion,  yet  his  house  was  a 
house  of  ])rayer,  in  which  the  morning  and  even- 
ing sacrifice  ascenc'  d  to  the  mercy-seat,  and  he 
was  constant  in  his  attendance  on  jiublic  worsliij). 
Being  asked  by  a  friend  whether  he  did  not  en- 
tertain a  hope  tliat  he  was  a  Christian,  he  replied 
in  a  solemn  manner,  "  I  would  not  relinquish  my 
hope  that  I  am  a  child  of  God,  for  a  thousand 
worlds." 


NORMS, 


NORTON, 


611 


XORRIS,  Phchc,  (lind  at  Rirniinfjlinm.  Va.,  In 
1811,  iij,'c'(l  100.  Slio  iiacl  been  maintained  as  a 
paiiiuT  the  last  fifty  years. 

N'ORUIS,  John,  a  Methodist  minister,  died  at 
■Windsor,  ().,  in  IWO,  af,'cd  74. 

NOIUIIS,  Is.vAC,  chief  jnsticc  of  Pennsylvania, 
died  at  Germantown  June  3,  173,3.  lie  was  a 
(Juaker,  and  a  hi;,'hly  rosijceted  and  useful  man. 
Ills  wit'o  was  a  daughter  of  Gov.  Lloyd. 

NOURIS,  Thomas  F.,  editor  of  the  Olive 
Branch,  died  at  Somcrville,  Mass.,  Dec.  21,  18u3. 

NOURIS,  Edward,  an  ancient  schoolmaster 
of  Salem,  son  of  Rev,  Edward  N.,  died  in  1684, 
aged  09.  lie  was  a  member  of  tlie  church  in 
KWO,  and  a  teacher  from  1040  to  1071, — Farm- 
er's lief/inter. 

NOl'lSWORTIIY,  Thomas,  died  at  Salem,  in 
Dec,  1800,  aged  99.  He  had  been  married  six 
times  and  was  the  father  of  thirty-three  children. 

NORTH,  Joseph,  died  in  Augusta,  Me.,  in 
April,  1815,  aged  85, 

NORTH,  AViLLiAM,  general,  died  at  New  York 
Jan.  4,  1830,  aged  83.  He  was  aid  to  Baron 
Steuben  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  afterwards 
adjutant-general  J  a  man  of  unstahied  integrity, 
and  highly  respected.  He  was  buried  at  Duanes- 
burgh. 

NORTH,  Caleb,  colonel,  died  at  Coventry,  Pa., 
Nov.  7,  1840,  aged  88.  An  officer  in  the  Revo- 
lutionary war,  he  was  afterwards  a  merchant  of 
Philadelijhia,  high  sheriff,  and  president  of  the 
Cincinnati. 

NORTH,  Mild  L.,  M.  D.,  died  at  Saratoga 
Springs  in  1850.  For  many  years  he  was  a  dis- 
tinguislied  i)hysician  at  the  Springs,  and  was  a 
man  of  skill,  of  honor,  and  of  Christian  piety. 

NORTON,  John,  minister  in  Boston,  died  April 
6,  1003,  aged  55.  He  was  born  at  Starford  in 
Hertfordshire,  England,  May  6,  1600,  and  was 
educated  at  the  university  of  Cambridge,  A 
lecture  was  at  this  time  supported  at  Starford  by 
a  number  of  pious  mhusters,  and  through  their 
labors  Mr.  N.,  who  was  himself  a  preacher,  though 
like  many  others  ignorant  of  his  own  character 
and  unacquainted  with  the  truth  as  it  is  in  Jesus, 
was  impressed  with  a  sense  of  liis  sin,  and  by  the 
agency  of  the  Holy  Spirit  was  brought  to  re- 
pentance. Tlie  view  of  his  own  heart  mid  life, 
compared  with  the  holy  law  of  God,  almost  over- 
whelmed him  with  desi)air;  but  at  length  the 
promises  of  the  gospel  administered  to  him  inex- 
pressible joy.  His  attention  had  been  hitherto 
occupied  in  literary  and  scientific  pursuits,  but  he 
now  devoted  himself  exclusively  to  the  study  of 
theology,  and,  being  by  his  own  experience  ac- 
quainted with  repentance,  and  faith,  and  holiness, 
he  preached  upon  these  subjects  with  zeal  and 
effect.  He  soon  became  eminent.  Unable  to 
submit  to  the  impositions  of  the  establishment,  he 
embarked  for  New  England  in  1634,  but  a  \iolent 


storm  obliged  him  to  return.     In  the  following 
year  he  sailed  again  for  this  country,  and  arrived 
at  Plymouth  in  October,  in  comi)any  with  Mr. 
Wiiislow.     He  jjreaclu'd  in  this  town  during  most 
of  the  winter,  and  was  earnestly  invited  to  take 
the  charge  of  the  church ;  but  the  state  of  things 
in  the  colony  did  not  i)lease  him.     Early  in  1030 
he  removed  to  Boston,  where  he  was  highly  re- 
spected, being  consu'ted  by  the   magistrates  in 
some  of  their  most  difficult  aflairs.     Before  the 
close  of  tlie  year  lie  acccjited  an  invitation  to  set- 
tle in  Ipswich,  where  a  church  had  been  gathered 
in  1031.     In  1039  Mr.  Rogers  was  established  as 
his  colleague.     While  minister  of  Ijiswich  ho 
wrote  a  number  of  books,  which  procured  him  a 
high   reputation.      He  assisted  in  forming  the 
Cambridge  jilatform,  which  was  adopted  in  1048. 
Af\er  the  death  of  Mr,  Cotton  at  the  close  of 
1052,  the  church  in  Boston  applied  to  Mr.  Nor- 
ton to  become  their  minister.    He  accordingly 
preached  in  that  town  for  some  time,  with  the 
consent  of  his  people ;  but,  after  the  death  of  Mr. 
Rogers  in  1055,  they  reclaimed  him.    Though  a 
number  of  councils,  called  upon  the  occasion,  ad- 
vised his  removal  to  Boston,  the  inhabitants  of 
Ipswich  declined  giving  him  a  dismission.    At 
length  the  governor  and  magistrates  were  under 
the  necessity  of  summoning  a  council,  whose  ad- 
vice or  result  was  followed,  as  it  was  considered 
as  partaking  more  of  the  nature  of  authority. 
From  this  period  he  was  the  minister  of  BostoHj 
and  was  eminently  useful.    After  the  restoration 
of  Charles  II.  it  was  thought  necessary  to  address 
liim.     Mr.  Norton  and  Simon  Bradstreet  were 
ficcordiiigiy  appointed  the  agents  of  Massachu- 
setts for  that  purpose.    They  sailed  for  England 
in  Feb.,  1002,  and  returned  in  September,  bring- 
ing with  them  a  letter  from  the  king,  in  which  he 
promised  to  confirm  the  charter,  but  required  that 
the  administration  of  justice   should  be   in  liis 
name,  and  tliat  all  persons  of  good  ant!  honest 
lives  should  be  admitted  to  the  sacrament  of  the 
Lord's   supper,  and  their  children  to  baptism. 
The   agents,  who  had  faithfully  endeavored  to 
serve  the  colony,  on  their  return  met  with  a  cold 
reccjition,  and  the  smothered  grief  of  Mr.  Nor- 
ton, on  accou'-it  of  the  ill  treatment  which  he  re- 
ceived, it  is  thought,  hastened  his  end.     He  died 
suddenly.    He  left  no  children,    Mr.  Davenport 
succeeded  him  in  the  ministry. 

^Ir.  Norton  was  an  eminent  scholar  and  di\ine. 
In  controversy  he  was  very  acute,  for  his  powerful 
talents  Lad  been  cultivated  by  an  excellent  edu- 
cation, and  he  was  familiar  with  the  subtleties  of 
the  schoolmen.  The  doctrines,  for  which  he  con- 
tended, were  the  following :  that  there  is  one 
God  subsisting  in  three  persons  ;  that  the  will  of 
God  is  the  cause  of  all  causes,  and  second  causes 
the  effects  of  the  first  cause ;  that  the  will  of  man 
is  an  instrument  disposed  and  determined  unto 


612 


NOKTON. 


NOHTOX. 


its  action  nccordinf»  unto  the  decree  of  God,  bciiipr 
as  much  8ul)ordinnfc  to  it  an  the  nxe  is  to  the 
hand  of  the  hewer;  that  man,  even  in  vlolatinf; 
Ood'H  commands,  fulfils  God's  decree ;  tijat  the 
infallible  ordering  of  the  existence  of  sin  for  a 
better  end,  and  the  forbidding  nf  sin,  are  not  at 
all  inconsistent,  but  fall  under  the  compnEs  of  the 
same  one  volition  of  God,  which  cannot  lie  resisted 
or  defeated  i  that  God  is  not  the  author  of  sin, 
and  yet  that  he  does  not  merely  permit  it,  since 
he  has  decreed  it  j   that  the  rejirobates  freely 
commit  such  a  measure  of  sin,  as  fits  them  for 
the  intended   measure  of  wrath  j  that  man  is  a 
free  agent,       v  ,  a  real  efficiency,  though  sub- 
ordinate to        firbt  cause,  which  determines  the 
B?cond  in  la  operation;  that  all  mankind  par- 
ticipated in  Adam's  sin  and  also  have  it  imputed 
to  them ;  that  original  sin  is  the  hereditary  and 
habitual  contrariety  and  enmity  of  the  nature  of 
man  against  the  whole  will  of  God ;  that  God  has 
elected  whom  in  his  wisdom  and  mercy  he  ])leascd 
to  eternal  life ;  that  the  conversion  of  these  is 
the  effect  of  God's  Spirit;  that  good  works  are 
necessary  as  the  way  to  salvation,  but  not  as  the 
cause  J  that  the  only  meritorious  cause  of  salva- 
tion is  the  active  and  passive  oliedience  of  Jesus 
Christ,  which  is  imputed  unto  those  who  believe, 
and  is  received  by  faith  alone  j  that  only  the  elect 
believe  in  the  Redeemer;  that  their  beKef  or  faith 
is  the  effect  of  special,  absolute,  irresistible  grace ; 
and  that  the  will  is  passive,  not  having  the  nature 
of  a  free  agent,  in  the  first  reception  of  grace. 
His  sermons  were  written  with  great  care,  and  in 
his  extemporary  devotional  performances  there 
was  a  variety   and  fulness  and  fervor  seldom 
equalled.    A  good  man   of  Ipswich    used  fre- 
quently to  walk  to  Boston,  a  distance  of  about 
thirty  miles,  to  attend  the  Thursday  lecture,  and 
would  say,  that  it  was  worth  a  great  journey  to 
unite  in  one  of  Mr.  Norton's  prayers.    His  ex- 
ample, according  to  Dr.  Mather,  was  so  much 
followed,  that  some  young  ministers  were  able 
to  continue  their  addresses  to  God  for  more  than 
an  hour  with  great  propriety ;  and  without  weary- 
ing those  who  joined  with  them.     In  his  natural 
temper  Mr.  Norton  was  somewhat  irascible,  but, 
being  taught  by  the  grace  of  God  to  govern  his 
passions,  his  renewed  heart  rendered  him  meek, 
courteous,  and  amiable.    Still,  a  mistaken  zeal  for 
the  truth  made  him,  as  it  made  his  contempora- 
ries, friendly  to  persecution.     He  was  convinced 
that  some  difierence  of  sentiment  must  be  per- 
mitted, and  wished  that  an  erroneous  conscience 
should  be  treated  with  tenderness ;  but  when  the 
fundamental  doctrines  of  Christianity  were  de- 
nied, or  errors  were  supported  by  a  contumacious 
will,  especially  if  they  produced  disturbance  in 
the  State,  then  he  thought  it  indispensably  neces- 
sary to  be  acquainted,  to  use  his  own  words, 
"  with  the  holy  tactics  of  the  civil  sword."    The 


disuse  of  this  instrument,  in  his  opinion,  gave  op- 
])ortiinity  for  the  rise  of  the  man  of  Km  ;  the 
abuse  of  it  maintained  him  ;  but  the  good  use 
of  it  would  tend  to  destroy  him.  AVilh  these 
sentiments  he  probably  encouraged  the  magis- 
trates in  their  persecution  of  the  (Quakers,  who 
in  return  represented  to  the  king  and  parliament 
that  "  John  Norton,  chief  priest  in  Boston,  by  the 
immediate  power  of  the  Lord  was  smitten  and 
died." 

Mr.  Norton  wrote  in  Latin  a  letter  to  the  fa- 
mous  John  Dury,  which  was  signed  by  forty-three 
other  ministers.  A  translation  of  it  may  bo 
found  in  S.  Mather's  apology.  In  1G45  he  drew 
up  at  the  f^quest  of  the  ministers  of  New  Eng- 
land an  answer  to  a  number  nf  questions  rcliUin" 
to  church  government,  which  wore  sent  over  by 
Apollonius  under  the  direction  of  the  divines  of 
Zealand.  This  was  the  first  Latin  book  ever 
written  in  this  country.  It  was  published  with 
the  title  of  responsio  ad  totum  quiestionum  syllo- 
gen  a  clariss.  viro  dom.  Gul.  Apollonio  proposi- 
tam,  ad  componendas  controversias  in  Anglia, 
London,  8yo.,  1648.  He  published  also  a  discus- 
sion of  the  sufferings  of  Christ,  and  the  questions 
about  his  righteousness,  active  and  passive,  and 
the  imputation  thereof,  in  answer  to  a  dialogue  of 
Mr.  Pinchin,  12mo.,  1653 ;  this  was  writtor  l)y 
the  direction  of  the  general  court ;  the  orthodox 
evangelist,  or  a  treatise  wherein  many  '^reat  evan- 
gelical truths  are  briefly  discussed,  4to.,  16ij4; 
election  sermon,  1657 ;  the  life  of  Mr.  Cotton, 
1658 ;  the  heart  of  New  England  rent  by  tiie 
blasphemies  of  the  present  generation,  a  treatise 
concerning  the  doctrine  of  the  Quakers,  by  the 
desire  of  the  general  court,  8vo.,  1660 ;  election 
sermon,  1661;  a  catechism;  three  choice  and 
profitable  sermons'  on  several  texts,  being  the  lust 
sermons  which  he  preached  at  the  election,  at 
the  Thursday  lecture,  and  on  the  Sabbath,  1664. 

—  Mather's  Life  of  Norton  ;  Sprague's  Annals. 
NORTON,  John,  the  second  minister  of  Hing- 

ham,  Mass.,  died  Oct.  3,  1716,  aged  66.  He  was 
the  nephew  of  Rev.  John  N.  of  Boston,  and  the 
son  of  William  of  Ipswich.  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1671,  and  was  ordained  Nov.  27, 
1678.    He  published  the  election  sermon,  1708. 

—  Lincoln's  Hist.  Hingham, 

NORTON,  John,  minister  of  Eaathampton  in 
Chatham,  Conn.,  died  in  1778,  aged  about  61. 
He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1737,  and  was  settled 
in  1748. 

NORTON,  Seth,  minister  of  Windsor,  Conn., 
died  in  1762,  aged  about  32.  He  graduated  at 
Yale  in  1751. 

NORTON^  John,  first  minister  of  Bernards- 
ton,  Mass.,  died  March  24,  1778,  aged  62.  Born 
in  Berlin,  Conn.,  he  gradu.  ted  at  Yale  in  1737 ; 
was  settled  in  1737  ;  but  resigned  in  1741.  Ho 
was  afterwards  minister  in  Middletown,  Conn. 


NORTON. 


NOURSE. 


CIS 


Iliii  predecessors  were  Russell,  Bartlett,  Eells, 
and  Howors. 

XOU'l'OX,  John,  an  Indian  chief  of  the  Six 
Nations,  about  tho  year  180"  translated  the  Gos- 
pel of  John  into  Mohawk.  Tho  work  was  printed 
in  London,  at  the  expense  of  the  bible  society, 
and  distributed  amon^r  the  Mohawks  on  Grand 
river  in  Canada.  Norton's  Indian  name  was 
Tryoninhokuraven.  His  father  was  an  Indian; 
his  mother  was  of  Scotland.  He  was  educated 
at  an  English  school. 

NORTON,  IciiABOi),  colonel,  died  at  Grnnby, 
Conn.,  in  182j,  aged  90.  He  was  a  soldier  in 
the  French  and  Revolutionary  wars. 

NORTON,  Molly,  widow,  died  in  Cheater, 
N.  II.,  in  1840,  aged  100 ;  formerly  of  Green- 
land. N.  H. 

NORTON,  Ellvs,  Dr.,  died  in  Addison,  Me., 
Juno  15,  1846,  aged  99.  IIo  was  surgeon's  mate 
in  the  war  of  the  Revolution. 

NORTON,  IIERM.VN,  secretary  of  the  foreign 
Christian  union,  died  in  1850,  aged  50.  He  was 
born  at  New  Hartford,  N.  Y.,  in  1800,  and  grad- 
uated at  Hamilton  college  in  1823.  In  1831  he 
was  pastor  of  the  Union  church  in  Prince  street. 
New  York.  In  1837  he  was  pastor  of  a  church 
in  Cincinnati ;  and  in  1843  was  secretary  of  the 
American  Protestant  society.  In  1849  he  was 
associated  with  Dr.  Baird.  His  widow  was  a 
daughter  of  Rev.  Dr.  Flint  of  Hartford.  lie  had 
recently  insured  his  life  for  2500  dollars,  lie 
was  faithful,  benignaii       id  a  man  of  faith, 

NORTON,  John  ,  pr(  fessor  of  agricultural 
clicmistry  at  Yale  college,  died  at  Farmington, 
Conn.,  Sept.  5,  1851,  aged  30. 

NORTON,  AsAHEL  Strong,  D.  D.,  died  at 
Clinton,  N.  Y.,  May  10,  1853,  aged  87.  Born  in 
Farmington,  Conn.,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1790, 
and  was  settled  the  first  minister  of  C.  in  1793. 
Among  the  members  of  his  ordaining  council 
were  Mr.  Kirkland  and  Mr.  Sergeant,  missiona- 
ries to  the  Indians.  For  forty  years  he  exerted 
an  important  influence  in  western  New  York, 
when  he  was  induced  to  resign  in  consequence  of 
the  new  measures,  so  called,  which  had  affected 
the  quietude  of  his  church.  Yet,  living  on  his 
farm,  he  ofHciated  often  as  a  minister,  when  his 
services  were  wanted.  He  was  one  of  the  found- 
ers of  Hamilton  college  at  Clinton.  His  wife 
was  Mary  C.  Pitkin,  the  daughter  of  Rev.  T.  Pit- 
kin of  Farmington.  —  Sprague's  Annals. 

NORTON,  Andrews,  I).  I).,  died  at  Newport 
Se])t.  18, 1853,  aged  67.  His  residence  was  Cam- 
bridge, where  he  graduated  in  1804,  was  teacher 
of  theology  from  1813  to  1819,  and  Dexter  pro- 
fessor of  sacred  literature  from  1819  to  1830 ; 
also  librarian  from  1813  to  1821.  He  w-is  a  son 
of  Samuel  N.  of  Hingham,  a  descendant  of  Rev. 
John  N.,  who  was  a  nephew  of  the  celebrated 


John  N.  of  Ipswich  and  Boston.  He  married  » 
daughter  of  Samuel  Kliot  of  Boston,  lie  jmb- 
lished  evidences  of  the  genuineness  of  the  gos- 
pels;  a  discourse  on  religious  education,  1818; 
inaugural,  1819 ;  review  of  trustees'  address, 
1823  ;  of  character  and  writings  of  Byron,  1825  ; 
of  Channing's  sermon,  1820;  of  Mrs.  Hemans' 
forest  sanctuary;  address  at  the  funeral  of  .Mr. 
Fris!)ie,  1822;  memoirs  of  Frisbie;  thoughts  on 
true  and  false  reh'gion,  1820 ;  remarks  on  a  re- 
port of  overseers,  1824  ;  speech  before  overseers, 
1825. 

NOTT,  Abraham,  died  in  Saybroo  Jan.  24, 
1750,  aged  about  GO;  the  first  pastor  of  tii"  second 
church  in  Pettipaug,  or  Pautajjaug,  now  I'.sscx. 
His  father  and  grandfather  both  had  the  name 
of  John,  and  lived  in  Wethersfield.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  in  1720.  His  wife  was  Phebc  Tap- 
ping, probably  the  daughter  of  John  T.  of  South- 
ampton, L.  I.  He  was  ihc  grandfather  of  two 
memorable  men,  Rev.  Samuel  and  Rev.  Eliphalet 
Nott. 

NOTT,  Henry  Junius,  died  with  his  wife  in 
the  wreck  of  the  steamer,  the  Home,  off  the  coast 
of  North  Carolina,  Oct.  18,  1837,  aged  40.  He 
was  the  son  of  Judge  Abraham  Nott  of  South 
Carolina,  and  was  graduated  at  South  Carolina 
college,  and  practised  law  till  1821,  when  he  de- 
voted himself  to  literature.  On  his  return  he 
was  appointed  in  1824  professor  of  belles  lettres 
in  his  college.  He  published  novelties  of  a 
traveller,  2  vols.,  1834;  and  various  articles  in 
the  southern  quarterly.  —  Cycl.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

NOTT,  Samuel,  D.  D.,  the  son  of  Stephen, 
and  grandson  of  Rev.  Abraham  Nott,  died  in 
Franklin,  Conn.,  May  26,  1852,  aged  98.  He 
was  born  in  Saybrook  Jan.  23,  1754 ;  was  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  in  1780 ;  and  was  settled  in  Norwich, 
West  Farms,  now  Franklin,  March  13,  1782,  so 
that  he  was  a  pastor  of  his  flock  seventy  years. 
He  died  in  consequence  of  a  burn,  his  gown 
having  caught  fire  from  a  stove.  He  had  a 
colleague  from  1849  to  1851.  His  eldest  son, 
Samuel,  was  a  missionary  to  the  east.  Two  of 
his  daughters  married  ministers,  Eli  Hyde  and 
John  Hyde ;  the  former,  a  graduate  of  Yale  in 
1803,  was  the  minister  of  Hampden  and  Preston 
in  Connecticut,  and  of  North  Wilbraham,  Mass., 
and  died  in  1848,  aged  72.  He  published  a  ser- 
mon at  the  ordination  of  A.  Hooker,  1812 ;  of 
J.  Aver,  1825  ;  on  the  death  of  J.  Hunt ;  two  on 
the  death  of  J.  Gurley,  1812  ;  of  Mr.  Williams; 
of  J.  Benedict,  1816  ;  of  Mr.  C.  Welch ;  of  Z. 
Ely,  1824;  of  A.  Lee,  1832;  at  the  election, 
1809;  to  a  foreign  mission  society,  1814;  half- 
century  sermon,  1832 ;  on  the  60th  anniversary 
of  his  ordination,  1842.  —  Sprague's  Annals. 

NOURSE,  Peter,  minister  of  Ellsworth,  Me., 
died  at  Phippsburg  March  25,  1840,  aged  64. 


614 


NOUIISE. 


NOTES. 


Born  in  Stow,  he  (graduated  at  Harvard  in  1S02, 
and  was  librarian  from  1805  to  IKOH.  lie  was 
miniKtcr  in  Kllsworth  from  1812  to  183.5. 

NOUIISE,  JosEPU,  died  near  Georgetown, 
D.  C,  Sept.  1,  1841,  aged  87.  He  was  born  in 
London  in  17M;  cmignvtcd  to  Virginia  in  17G9; 
and  entered  the  llcvolutionar)-  army  in  1770.  He 
was  register  of  the  treasurj-  from  1789  to  1829, 
and  vice-president  of  the  American  bible  society. 
He  was  held  in  high  esteem  and  respect. 

NOWELL,  Lncue.\8E,  secretary  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts colony,  died  Nov.  1,  10 ')5.  Ho  was 
chosen  an  assistant  in  England  in  1629,  and  came 
to  this  country  with  Winthrop  in  the  Arabella, 
1630.  He  was  chosen  ruling  elder  August  27th, 
but  resigned  the  office  in  1632,  being  convinced 
that  the  offices  of  ruler  in  the  church  and  state 
were  incompatible.  Of  the  church  in  Charles- 
town  he  was  one  of  the  founders  in  1632,  having 
been  dismissed  from  Boston.  In  1034  he  was 
one  of  the  commissioners  for  military  aifairs. 
He  was  secretary  from  1044  to  1049.  In  1C19 
ho  entered  into  the  association  against  wearing 
long  hair.  He  died  in  poverty.  The  name  of 
liis  wife  was  Parnell,  to  whom  one  thousand  acres 
of  land  on  Cocheco  river.  New  Hampshire,  were 
granted,  probably  as  a  public  acknowledgment  of 
his  faithful  services.  He  left  several  sons,  of 
whom  Samuel,  a  graduate  of  1053,  was  a  preacher, 
an  assistant  from  1680  to  1686,  and  an  adherent 
of  the  old  charter ;  and  Alexander,  who  gradu- 
ated in  1664,  was  the  author  of  several  almanacs. 

NOWELL,  Samuel,  died  at  Cambridge  or 
Boston  in  1688,  aged  about  55.  H(  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1653.  He  was  a  chaplain  under 
Gen.  Winslow  in  the  Indian  battle  Dec.  19, 1674, 
and  evinced  the  greatest  courage  while  "  the  balls 
whistled  around  him."  He  was  aftenvards  a 
magistrate  and  treasurer  of  the  college. 

NOWEQUA,  an  Indian,  the  brother  of  Uncas, 
in  1645  with  or  hundred  and  thirty  Mohegans 
plundered  the  Aijpnut  Indians  often  copper  ket- 
tles, fathoms  of  wampum,  hempen  baskets,  and 
bear  skins.  The  next  year  he  committed  outra- 
ges on  Fisher's  island.  The  commissioners  re- 
quired Uncas  "to  regulate  and  continue  his 
brother  in  a  righteous  and  peaceable  frame." 

NOYES,  James,  one  of  the  first  ministers  of 
Newbury,  Mass.,  died  Oct.  22,  1050,  aged  47. 
He  was  born  in  "Wiltshire,  England,  in  1608,  and 
was  for  some  time  a  student  in  the  university  of 
Oxford.  After  he  began  to  preach,  as  he  could 
not  conscientiously  comply  with  the  ceremonies 
of  the  established  church,  he  accompanied  his 
friend,  Mr.  Parker,  to  New  England  in  1634. 
They  arrived  in  the  month  of  May.  Mr.  Noyes 
preached  about  a  year  at  Mystic,  now  Medford, 
when  he  was  invited  to  become  the  minister  of 
Watertown ;  but,  as  he  preferred  a  settlement 
with  Mr.  Parker,  who  had  removed  irom  Agga- 1 


warn  to  Newbury,  he  was  CRtablished  as  his  col- 
league in  1035,  Imving  the  title  of  teacher.  He 
continued  to  discharge  with  faithfulncKN  the  duties 
of  his  office  more  than  twenty  years.  A  long 
sickness  he  bore  with  patience  and  cheerfulness. 
He  left  six  sons.  Mr.  Noyes  and  Mr.  Parker 
were  the  most  cordial  and  intimate  friends.  In 
England  they  instructed  in  the  same  school ;  they 
came  to  this  country  in  the  same  shij) ;  they  were 
ministers  in  the  same  church ;  and,  as  ]Mr.  Par- 
ker had  no  family,  they  lived  in  the  same  house. 
Mr.  Noyes  was  very  much  beloved  by  his  jieoplc, 
for  he  was  humble,  gentle,  and  constantly  desir- 
ous of  doing  them  good.  He  was  the  implaca- 
ble enemy  of  heresy  and  schism.  Though  he 
could  never  submit  to  the  ceremonies  of  the  Eng- 
lish church,  he  was  not  so  averse  to  Ejiiscopacy 
itself.  He  did  not  ajiprove  of  a  governing  vote 
in  the  fraternity,  and  he  thought  that  ecclesiastical 
councils  should  have  the  power  of  inflicting  cen- 
sures upon  particular  churches.  He  was  emi- 
nently skilled  in  Greek,  and  he  had  read  the 
fathers  and  the  schoolmen.  His  memory  was 
tenacious,  his  invention  rich,  and  his  judgment 
profound.  While  his  manners  were  so  amiable, 
and  his  disposition  so  truly  benevolent  and  affec- 
tionate, that  no  one  was  ever  acquainted  with 
him  who  did  not  desire  his  friendship  and  sodii  tv  j 
he  yet  was  resolute  and  determined  in  his  defence 
of  the  truth.  He  was  considered  as  one  of  the 
most  eminent  men  in  his  day.  He  published  the 
temple  measured,  or  a  brief  survey  of  the  temj)lo 
mystical,  which  is  the  instituted  church  of  Christ, 
London,  4to.,  1047  ;  a  catechism,  which  was  re- 
printed in  1797  ;  Moses  and  Aaron,  or  the  rights 
of  church  and  state,  contained  in  two  disputa- 
tions, the  former  concerning  the  church,  the  lat- 
ter asserting  the  sacredncss  of  the  persons  of 
kings  against  king-killing,  1661.  This  was  pub- 
lished by  ^Ir.  Woodbridgc  of  England.  —  Ma- 
ther's Magnalia,  ill.  145-148;  Hist.  Coll.  vii. 
242. 

NOYES,  James,  the  first  minister  of  Stoning- 
ton,  Conn.,  the  second  son  of  the  preceding,  died 
Deo.  30,  1719,  aged  nearly  81.  He  was  born 
March  11,  1640,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  col- 
lego  in  1659,  being  educated  at  the  expense  of 
his  uncle,  Mr.  Parker.  In  the  year  1604  he 
began  to  preach  at  Stonington,  where  he  was 
ordained  Sept.  10,  1674.  He  gave  religious 
instruction  to  this  people  fifty-five  years.  He  was 
a  distinguished  preacher,  carrying  an  uncommon 
fervor  and  heavenly  zeal  into  all  his  public  per- 
formances. His  ordinaiy  conversation  breathed 
the  spirit  of  the  world  to  which  he  wa;.  endeavor- 
ing to  guide  his  fellow  men.  In  ecclesiastical 
controversies  he  was  eminently  useful.  Being  a 
friend  of  literatiu-e,  he  was  one  of  the  first  trus- 
tees ol  Yale  college.  He  was  also  a  councillor 
in  civil  affairs  at  some  critical  periods.    As  a  pby- 


NOYES. 


NOYES. 


G15 


sicinn  ho  was  much  consulted,  nnd  ho  pnvc  away 
ani'.imlly  thu  nninunt  of  liis  milary  in  mcdieiiies. 
Hut  lie  most  dulinlitcd  in  Iiis  niinistcriiil  work,  for 
his  tpnderncHH  nnd  foithfuhicsH  in  which  lie  was 
hifjhly  esteemed  and  beloved. 

NOYJ'^S,  NiciloLAH,  minister  of  Salem,  Mass., 
died  Dec.  13,  1717,  a;jed  nearly  70.  Ilewas  the 
son  of  Nicholas  X.  and  the  nephew  of  Mr.  Noyes 
of  Newhiiry ;  was  horn  in  that  town  Dec.  22, 1G47. 
He  was  educated  at  the  expense  of  his  uncle,  Mr. 
Parker,  receiving  the  first  honors  of  Harvard  col- 
Ifife  in  1C()7.  After  having  preached  tliirteeu 
xears  in  Haddam,  he  removed  to  Salem,  where 
he  was  ordained  as  colleague  with  Mr.  Higginson 
Nov.  14,  1C83.  George  Curwin  was  r.cttled  with 
him  in  1714,  but  died  in  1717.  Mr.  Noycs  was 
never  married.  Acquainted  with  all  the  litera- 
ture of  the  times,  and  having  uncommon  talents 
for  his  sacred  work,  his  death  was  deejily  and 
generally  lamented.  He  was  entertaining  and 
useful  in  conversation,  of  eminent  sanctity  and 
virtue,  and  always  solicitous  for  the  welfare  of  his 
pcoi)le.  But  with  all  his  good  qualities  ho  un- 
happily believed  the  reality  of  witchcraft,  and  had 
some  influence  in  promoting  those  legal  inquiries 
in  1G92,  which  reflect  so  much  disgrace  iijion  the 
n<rc.  He  afterwards,  however,  i)iiblicly  conl'essed 
liis  error  without  offering  any  excuse  for  himself, 
or  concealing  any  circumstance ;  and  he  visited 
and  blessed  tho  survivors,  whom  he  had  injured, 
asking  always  their  forgiveness.  Such  conduct 
reflects  the  highest  honor  upon  liis  character.  A 
letter  of  his  containing  an  account  of  James 
Noves  is  preserved  in  Mather's  magnalia.  He 
published  the  election  sermon,  1698  ;  and  a  poem 
on  the  death  of  .lo.seph  Green  of  Saiem  village, 
171-;._Cy/Z.  Hist.  Sociehi,  VI.  2G4,  267,273, 
286. 

NOYES,  Oliver,  Dr.,  died  in  Boston  in  1721, 
aged  about  48.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1695.  He  was  a  repiesentative  of  Boston, 
strongly  attached  to  the  popular  party,  and  highly 
esteemed  by  the  people. 

NOYES,  MosKS,  the  first  minister  of  Lyme, 
Conn.,  died  Nov.  10,  1729,  aged  nearly  80.  He 
was  the  son  of  Ilev.  James  N.  of  Newbury,  and 
horn  Dec.  C,  1643 ;  was  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
10.33 ;  was  ordained  in  1093,  having  preached 
there  twenty-seven  years  before  the  church  was 
formed. 

NOYES,  Joseph,  minister  of  Nqw  Haven, 
Conn.,  died  June  14, 1761,  aged  72.  He  was  the 
son  of  James  N.  of  Stonington ;  was  graduated 
in  1709  at  Y'ale  college,  where  he  was  a  tutor 
from  1710  to  1715  ;  and  was  one  of  the  corpora- 
tion for  many  years.  Ordained  as  the  successor 
of  Mr.  Pierpont  July  4,  1716,  the  church  was 
happy  under  hjs  ministry  till  1742,  when  a  sepa- 
ration was  made.  Many  of  his  church  were  dis- 
trustful of  the  correctness  of  his  sentimeuts,  and 


displeased  with  his  aral  against  religious  revival*. 
The  church  had  ijccn  independent,  but  in  Jan., 
1742,  he  caused  them  to  ndojjt  the  Saybrook  plat- 
form. Those  who  withdrew  were  formed  into  a 
new  church,  and  finally  settled  Samuel  Bird  at 
Whitehaven,  Oct.  3,  1751.  Of  the  efdesiastical 
council  on  tiiis  occasion  were  WheeliK'k,  Bellamy, 
Graham,  Pomeroy,  and  Hopkins.  Mr.  Whittle- 
sey was  settled  in  1758  as  the  colleague  of  Mr. 
Noycs.  —  Dana'n  Cciitcn.  J)isroiii:<ic.i. 

NOYI'^S,  John,  the  son  of  llcv.  Joseph  N., 
died  greatly  lamented  in  1707,  aged  al)out  34. 
He  was  a  graduate  of  1753  and  became  a  preacher ; 
but  from  ill  health  was  not  settled  in  the  minis- 
try. His  sons  John  and  James  were  ministers. 
His  widow,  Mary,  the  daughter  of  Kcv.  Joseph 
Fish  of  Stonington,  married  in  1775  General 
Gold  S.  Silliman  of  Fairfield,  and  thus  she  was 
the  mother  of  Professor  Benjamin  SiUiman.  — 
Sprarpifi's  Annals. 

NOYES,  Ed.MIND,  minister  of  Salisbury,  Mass., 
died  in  1809,  aged  almut  84.  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1747.    He  succeeded  S.  Webster. 

NOYES,  Natilvniei,,  minister  of  South  Hamp- 
ton, N.  H.,  died  at  Newbury  in  1810,  aged  75. 
The  son  of  Deacon  Parker  Noycs  of  Newbury, 
he  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1759;  was  ordained 
in  1703  ;  and  dismissed  in  1800.  For  fifty  years 
he  preached  constantly  and  faitlifully  without  be- 
ing confined  one  Sabbath  by  sickness.  His  last 
text  was,  "  Now  lettest  thou  thy  servant  depart 
in  j)eaee,  for  mine  eyes  have  seen  thy  salvation." 
—  Pavopliat,  Jan.,  1811. 

NOYES,  Mathikw,  minister  of  Northford,  in 
Branford,  Conn.,  died  in  1839,  aged  about  74. 
Born  in  Lyme,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1 785,  and 
was  ordained  in  1700.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
college  corporation. 

NOYES,  Thomas,  ministorof  Xeedham,  Mass., 
died  in  1837,  aged  09.  He  was  born  at  Acton ; 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1795  ;  and  was  ordained 
over  the  second  church  in  NeeUliam  in  1799,  and 
was  a  faithful  minister  thirty-four  years. 

NOYES,  NatH;\n,  M.  D.,  died  in  Newbury- 
port  in  1842;  graduated  at  Dartmouth  hi  1790. 

NOYES,  Jamf.s,  died  Feb.  18,  1844,  aged  79; 
the  minister  of  Wallingford,  Conn.  He  was  bom 
in  Fairfield,  and  graduated  at  Yale  in  1782. 

NOYES,  John,  died  in  Weston,  Conn.,  May 
15,  1846,  aged  84.  He  was  the  son  of  John,  and 
grandson  of  Ilev.  James  N.  of  New  Haven.  He 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1779  ;  was  ordained  pastor 
at  Norfield,  then  a  parish  of  the  town  of  Fair- 
field, May  31,  1786.  His  wife  was  the  daughter 
of  Samuel  Sherwood,  his  predecessor,  who  grad- 
uated in  1749,  and  died  in  1783.  He  published 
a  half-century  sermon,  1830. 

NOYES,  Daniel,  deacon,  died  at  Andover, 
April  8,  1852,  aged  60  ;  a  man  always  ready  to 
every  good  work.    He  was  of  the  firm  of  May- 


61G 


no^t:s. 


OnnATINEWAT. 


nurd  and  Nojtr,  Hodton,  (!ni>fjjtK(8;  whose  ink 
ha8  mailv  its  murk  the  world  ovor.  Ilo  was  a 
incmlicr  of  the  iirudoiitinl  coinmittco  of  the  AiniT- 
icun  board  of  niiKNioiiR. 

NOYKS,  Em.  1).  D.,  died  nt  Lafayette,  Indi- 
ana, Sept.  10,  1H.VI.  He  was  a  Freewill  Itaj)- 
tist,  a  man  of  leuniing,  and  hIx  yenr.H  a  missionary 
at  Or.sHa  in  India,  lie  pulilishcd  a  Hebrew 
grammar. 

NOYES,  JosiAii,  M.  1).,  died  at  Clinton,  New 
York,  Nov.  1,  IH.jlJ.  Jlorn  in  New  HampHhire, 
he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1801,  a  claNMiimte 
of  Webster,  concerning  whoso  college  life  ho 
■wrote  a  memorial.  He  was  o  iirofossor  in  Ham- 
ilton college. 

NUXNENUNTENO,  a  Narragansctt  Indian 
Baclu-m,  wos  taken  prisoner  and  jmt  to  death  in 
107G  on  the  I'aweatuck  river,  near  Stonington. 
Ho  wos  a  blood-stained  chief.  Two  Indians  were 
employed  to  shoot  him ;  when  his  head  w  as  cut 
otf  and  carried  to  Hartford. 

NUllSE,  IlEDKCCA,  wife  of  Francis  of  Salem 
village,  was  hung  as  a  witch  July  IS),  1692.  She 
had  four  sons  and  four  daughters.  The  year  in 
which  this  poor  woman  was  hung  was  memora- 
ble for  witchcraft  in  Essex  county,  Moss.  Ueforc 
the  close  of  Septembor,  1C92,  nineteen  persons 
were  hung ;  and  one,  Giles  Cory,  was  pressed  to 
death  on  the  charge  of  witchcraft.  More  than  o 
hundred  women,  many  of  fair  characters  and 
reputable  fomilies  in  Salem,  Beverly,  Andovcr, 
Billerico,  ond  other  towns,  were  ojjprchended  and 
generally  committed  to  prison.  The  evidence 
was  of  such  kind  as  this  :  when  the  occuscd  were 
before  the  magistrate,  with  the  possessed  or 
"  afflicted "  children  as  witnesses,  and  were  di- 
rected to  look  upon  the  afflicted,  these  children 
cried  out  and  fell  into  a  fit ;  and  this  was  i)roof. 
And  then  the  old  women  were  blinded,  and  or- 
dered tQ  touch  the  afflicted,  and  at  their  touch 
they  came  out  of  their  pretended  fits.  In  Eng- 
land, about  eight  years  previously,  many  more 
persons  suffered  for  witchcraft  under  such  an  em- 
inent judge  as  Sir  Matthew  Hale.  The  spiritu- 
alism of  the  present  day,  dealing  with  the  invisi- 
ble world,  may  have  as  little  evidence  to  support 
it  as  the  witchcraft  of  1092 ;  but  its  adherents 
are  no  less  the  victims  of  a  miserable  delusion. 

NUTTING,  John,  died  May  20, 1790,  aged  97. 
The  son  of  Jonathan  of  Cambridge,  he  graduated 
in  1712,  and  was  a  school-master  at  Solcni  thirty- 
seven  years.  He  was  also  custom-house  officer 
at  Solcm. 

NYE,  Samuel,  Dr.,  died  ot  Salisbury,  Mass., 
in  June,  1834,  aged  85  j  a  graduate  of  Harvard  in 
1771. 

OAKES,  Urian,  president  of  Harvard  college, 
died  July  25,  1G81,  aged  49.  He  was  born  in 
England  about  the  year  1631,  and  was  brought 
to  America  in  his  childhood.    A  sweetness  of 


dispo'.ilion  exhibited  its<'lf  early  and  remained 
willi  liitn  <linMi;;li  lilc.  lie  was  graduati  il  nt 
Harvard  cdllcgo  in  1019.  While  very  young  and 
small  he  iiulilislied  at  Cnnibridge  a  set  of  astro- 
nomical ciik'ulatinns  wiih  Ibis  njiposite  motto  : 

rnrrtiin  pnrvn  ilirnit  kiI  iiipnt  min  gratia,  part U, 

Ho  soon  went  to  Efiglnnd,  ond  was  setll(<l  in 
the  ministry  at  Titchllrld  in  Hain])shire.  llcing 
silenced  in  l(»(i2  with  the  other  nonconforming 
ministers,  he  found  an  asylum  in  a  res|i»f table 
family,  and  atU^rwards  jjreached  in  another  con- 
gregation. Such  was  his  celebrity  for  learning 
and  piety,  that  the  church  and  society  of  Cam- 
bridge, on  the  decease  of  Mr.  Mittiiell  in  IOCS, 
sent  a  messenger  to  England  to  invite  him  to  be- 
come their  minister.  He  aceejited  the  invitation, 
but  through  various  circumstances  did  not  tom- 
mence  his  labors  in  Cambridge  till  Nov.  8,  1071. 
Heing  placed  at  the  head  of  Harvard  college  after 
the  death  of  Dr.  Hoar,  ho  commenced  the  duties 
of  this  office  A])ril  7,  1075,  still  however  retain- 
ing the  jjostoral  care  of  his  flock.  IJut,  Feb.  2, 
1680,  the  corporation  appointed  him  president, 
and  persuaded  him  to  be  inaugurated,  and  to 
devote  himself  exclusively  to  this  object.  1  le  was 
succeeded  by  Mr.  Ilogcrs  in  the  college,  and  by 
Mr.  Gookin  in  the  church  of  Cambridge.  II d  was 
a  man  of  extensive  erudition  and  distinguished  use- 
fulness. He  excelled  equally  as  a  scholar,  ns  a 
divine,  and  as  a  Christian.  By  his  contempora- 
ries he  was  considered  as  one  of  the  most  re- 
splendent lights  that  ever  shone  in  this  port  of 
the  world.  lie  was  very  humble  with  all  his 
grcotness,  like  the  full  ear  of  com,  which  hangs 
near  the  ground.  In  the  opinion  of  Dr.  Mather, 
America  never  had  a  greater  master  of  the  true, 
pure  Ciceronian  Latin,  of  his  skill  in  which  lan- 
guage an  extract  from  one  of  his  commencement 
orations  is  preserved  as  a  specimen  in  the  Mog- 
nolio.  He  published  on  artillery  election  sermon, 
entitled,  the  unconquerable,  oil  conquering,  and 
more  thon  conquering  Christian  soldier,  1072  j 
election  sermon,  1673 ;  a  sermon  at  Cambridge 
on  the  choice  of  their  military  officers ;  a  fast 
sermon ;  a  long  elegy  on  the  death  of  Ilev.  Jlr. 
Shepard  of  Charlestown,  1677.  This  is  pathetic 
and  replete  with  imagery. — Holmes'  Jlist.  of 
Cambridge ;  Sprague'.t  Annals. 

O.VKES,  Thomas,  Dr.,  of  Boston,  the  brother 
of  Pros.  0„  died  in  Wcllfleet  in  1719,  aged  75. 
IIo  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1602 ;  was  a  repre- 
sentative in  1089 !  and  went  to  England  as  on 
agent  for  Massachusetts,  and  aided  in  the  new 
charter.  John  Dunton  describes  him :  "  He  is 
on  eminent  physician  and  a  religious  man ;  at  his 
first  coming  to  a  patient  he  persuades  him  to  put 
his  trust  in  God,  the  fountain  of  health." 

OBBATINEWAT,  an  Indian  sachem,  subject 
to  Massassoit,  who  lived  at  the  bottom  of  Massa- 


onCKiKIAH. 

rhuscttn  bey.     Ho  wn»  in  constant  fear  of  the ' 
Tiu'i'iitini"*,  or  I'.u'trrn  ImlianN. 

OlIOOKIAII,  Hknuy,  a  native  of  Hawaii  or 
Owliylu'P,  died  in  Cornwall,  Conn.,  Fcl).  17,  ISIH, 
ttf^vA  '2ii.  He  was  brought  to  Nuw  Hnvi-n  in  1H(I!», 
liv  '■'upt.  Drintnul,  from  the  SaiKlwicli  iHlands ; 
.uiU  binevolent  frii'iidN  fducatcd  him  for  Ncvi'ra! 
years  under  Mr.  Mills  of  Torriiij;ford,  and  at 
Andovcr,  Mass.,  nnd  witli  Mr.  Morris  of  Litch- 
field. Next  the  ministers  of  Litchfield  county 
took  him  under  their  care,  and  he  was  placed,  in 
1H17,  in  the  Cornwall  mission  school.  There,  in 
the  midst  of  compaiiionii  from  the  Sandwich 
Islands,  nnd  of  puiiils  from  various  countries,  l'',ast 
Indians  nnd  American  Indinns,  he  was  smitten 
by  n  fever,  and  the  hojjes  resting  on  him  were 
blnsted.  It  was  a  mystery  of  I'rovidence.  He 
was,  howeve/,  the  cause  of  the  estalilishment  of 
the  missionary  school,  in  which,  in  Ui^O,  the  num- 
ber if  pupils  was  twenty-nine.  He  had  trans- 
lated Genesis  into  his  native  language.  His 
memoirs  wore  published  1818. 

O'BUIEN,  Jkukmiaii,  collector  of  tlie  customs 
at  Machias,  Me.,  died  in  1818,  aged  7s.  Ho  was 
n  Revolutionary  patriot.  May  12,  1775,  at  tin; 
head  of  thirty-two  men,  with  muskets,  he  cajjturcd 
the  IJriush  schooner  Murgaretta,  comijletely 
armed  with  swivels,  hand-grenades  etc.,  and  hav- 
ing thirty-five  men,  nearly  half  of  which  were 
killed  and  wounded.  This  was  the  first  British 
flag  which  struck  to  America,  lie  was  a  worthy 
man,  a  benefactor  of  the  poor. 

O'BUIEN,  Richard,  consul-general  of  the 
United  States  to  the  Barbary  Powers,  died  in 
1824,  aged  72.  He  was  in  early  life  an  active 
seaman  i  then  a  successful  adventurer  in  the  ])ri- 
vateering  exploits  of  the  Revolution ;  afterwards 
a  brave  commander  in  the  regular  naval  service. 
Falling  into  the  hands  of  the  barbarians  of  Africa, 
he  was  a  slave  in  Algiers.  After  being  rekvused 
from  slavery,  he  was  appointed  consul-general. 
In  his  last  years  he  was  a  farmer  and  a  member 
of  the  legislature  of  Pennsylvania.  He  died  -^t 
Washington  city. 

OCCUISH,  Philip,  a  worthy  Christian  Indian, 
died  at  Niantic,  in  Lyme,  Conn.,  "in  the  sure 
ho])e  of  ever  being  with  the  Lord,"  Marcli  20, 
1789,  aged  71.  His  wife  Sarah  died  two  years 
before,  saying,  "  she  saw  heaven  opened  to  receive 
her."  Their  gravestones  are  standing  in  a  grave- 
yard of  the  Niantic  or  Nehantic  Indians,  in  the 
east  part  of  Lyme,  on  the  west  shore  of  a  little 
bay  at  the  mouth  of  the  Niantic  river,  a  few  miles 
from  New  London.  The  sachem  of  the  tribe  was 
Wequash.  Their  faithful  missionary  at  an  early 
period  was  Mr.  Griswold,  the  ancestor  of  many 
of  tlmt  name  in  Connecticut.  —  Boston  liecorder, 
Jan.  8,  1857. 

OCCOM,  Samson,  an  Indian  preacher,  died  in 
July,  1792,  aged  69.    He  was  bom  at  Mohegan, 
78 


OCCOM. 


fil'i 


on  Tlmmes  river,  nonr  Ni)rwlrh,  Conn.,  nbnut  the 
year  I7'J.'J.     His  jiareniH,  like  the  cilhir  liidianii, 
led    a   waiidning    life,   ilopoiiding  chii'lly    upon 
hunting   and   fisbiu;;   for   sulisistrnce.     Not  one 
then  cultivated  the   land,  and  all  dwelt  in  wig- 
wams.    None  of  them   coulil    read.     When   ()c- 
c<mi  was  a  boy,  Mi-.  Jewett,  the  minister  of  New 
London,  now  Montvillc,  was  accustomed  to  preach 
once  a  fortnight   at   Moliegan.     One  man  went 
among  the  Indians  to  teach  them  to  reail.     Dur- 
ing the  religious  excitement,  aliout  17.'10  and  17-10, 
several  ministers  visited  these   Indians,  aiul  the 
Iiulians  re])iiire(l    to   the   neighboring   ehurchci. 
Occom  at  this  ])erio(l  became  the  sulject  of  re- 
ligious inii)r'ssi()ns,  and  was  in  distress  of  mind 
for   six   mimtiis.      He   then   found   consolation. 
Prom  this  time  he  was  desirous  of  becoming  the 
teaeber  of  his  trllie.     He  could  rend  /'//  upelling, 
nnd  in  a  year  or  two  learned  to  read  the  Bible. 
At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  went  to  the  Indian 
school  of  Mr.  Wheelock  of   Lebanon,  and  re- 
mained with  him  four  years.     He  afterwards,  in 
174H,  kej)t  u  schi'ol  in  New  London;  but  soon 
went  to  Montauk  on  Long  Island,  where  he  taught 
a  school  among  the  Indians  ten  or  eleven  years, 
at  the  same  time  being  the  religious  teacher  of 
the  I:^dIans  in  their  own  language,  and  |ireact.ing 
also  to  the  Skenecock  or  Yenecock  Indians,  dis- 
tant thirty  miles.     During  a  revival  among  the 
Montauks  many  became  Christians.    He  lived  in 
a  house  covered  with  mats,  changing  his  abode 
twice  a  year,  to  be  near  the  planting-ground  in 
the  summer  and  the  wood  in  the  winter.  Amongst 
his  various  toils  for  subsistence,  he  was  expert 
with  his  fish-hook  and  gun ;  he  bound  old  books 
for  East  Hampton  people,  made  wooden  spoons, 
stocked  guns,  and  made  cedar  pails,  piggins,  and 
churns.     He  was  ordained  by  the  Suffolk  Pres- 
bytery Aug.  29,  1759,  and  was  from  this  time  a 
regular  meml)('r  of  the  Presbytery.     In  17G6Mr. 
Whcelock  sent  him  to  England  with  Mr.  Whit- 
aker,  the  minister  of  Norwich,  to  promote  tho 
interests  of  Moor's  Indian  charity  school.    He 
was  the  first  Indian  preacher  who  visited  Eng- 
land.    The  houses  in  which  he  preached  were 
thronged.    Between  Feb.  10,  17G0,  and  July  22, 
1707,  he  preached  in  various  parts  of  the  king- 
dom between  three  and  four  hundred  sermons. 
Large  charitable  donations  were  obtained,  and  the 
school  was  soon  transjilanted  to  Hanover,  N.  H., 
and  connected  with  Dartmouth  'oUege.    After 
his  return,  Occom  sometimes  resided  at  Mohegan, 
and  was  often  employed  in   missionary  labors 
among  distant  Indians.    In  1780  he  removed  to 
Brotherton,  near  Utica,  N.  Y.,  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  the  Stockbridge  Indians,  who  were  of 
the  Mohegan  root,  and  who  had  formerly  been 
under  the  instruction  of  Mr.   Sergeant  and  Mr. 
Edwards.    A  few  of  the  Mohegans  nnd  other 
Indians  of  Connecticut,  Long  Island,  and  Rhode 


0!S 


ODIOUN'i:. 


«k;i)EN. 


hiand  rrmovcd  nlioiit  liip  unmo  timo.  Tin-  Onri- 
(liui);itvc  tlii'tii  n  triict  nf  I.iml.  In  llic  IiihI  \rars 
of  liiN  lift'  lie  rciifli'il  wirli  tlir  IndiiiiiN  ut  Niw 
fitockliriil;;!',  near  llroilicrion,  wIktc  lii'  dicil. 
I'pwardN  of  three  iiiin<lreil  Iiidiiiiis  iitteiided  liis 
funrriil.  He  Iuk!  two  oisfei-i,  l.iiey  'raiite<|ii!;{((cn 
and  Sully  Maniiriiidi.  'I'lie  llattcrin^  nttciitioiiN 
which  he  received  in  I'.n^flaiid  nlioiit  have 
awakened  Home  I'tnoiotis  of  jiride,  and  orcu- 
(ioncd  Nome  discontent  with  his  jirevioiiH  luirrow 
circumNtrtiic'c-i.  In  n  few  inHlanccN  he  waH  he- 
trnyed  into  exccNH  and  intemjieranco ;  hnt  then 
he  humiiled  hiniHelf  and  reformed,  lie  did  not, 
like  many  white  men,  destroy  hiniNcIf  hy  Nfronn 
drink.  Dr.  Dwij^ht  MayN  :  "  1  heard  Mr.  Oecom 
twice.  His  diNcourNcs,  thi)ii(,'h  not,  ])roofN  of  hu- 
pcrior  talents,  were  decent ;  and  IiIh  utterance  in 
some  degree  elo<iuent.  I  lis  character  nt  times 
labored  under  Kome  ini])utations.  Yet  there  in 
good  reason  to  helievc  that  most,  if  not  all,  of 
them  were  unfounded  i  and  there  is  satisfactory 
evidence  !liat  ho  was  a  man  of  ])iefy."  J.  John- 
son was  another  Indian  prcocher  of  the  same 
tribe.  An  account  of  the  Montauk  Indians,  writ- 
ten by  Occom,  is  preserved  in  the  historicol  col- 
lections, lie  says  that  they  had  a  multitude  of 
gods.  He  published  a  sermon  ot  the  execution 
of  Moses  Paul,  an  Indian,  at  New  Haven,  Sept.  2, 
1772  i  as  Paul's  crime  resulted  from  drunkenness, 
he  said  in  this  sermon,  that  he  never  hoard  of 
" drunken  devils."  —  Bitcll'nOnl.  Sermon;  Hist. 
Coll.  IV.  G8;  V.  13i  IX.  8!),  00;  X.  105)  Dwiglit,- 
il.  112. 

ODIORNE,  Thom.\8,  died  in  Boiilon  in  1851, 
aged  about  70.  Ho  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in 
1791.  Hi:j  ancestor  John  was  of  Portsmouth  in 
1660.    He  published  poems,  1792. 

ODLIX,  Elisilv,  minister  of  Amesbury,  Moss., 
died  in  1752,  aged  41.  Born  in  Exeter,  he  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  in  1731,  and  was  settled  in  1714. 
His  predecessors  were  E.  March  and  T.  Wells, 
the  first  minister. 

ODLIN,  John,  minister  of  Exeter,  N.  II.,  died 
in  1754,  aged  72.  He  was  the  son  of  Elisha  of 
Boston,  and  grandson  of  John,  one  of  the  first  set- 
tlers of  Boston.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1702, 
and  was  ordained  in  1706.  His  son,  Elisha,  a 
graduate  of  1731,  was  minister  of  Amesbury. 
His  son  John,  a  physician,  died  at  Concord  about 
1790,  aged  72.    He  published  a  sermon,  1742. 

ODLIX,  WOODDRIDOE,  son  of  the  preceding 
and  his  successor,  died  in  March,  1776,  aged  57, 
and  was  succeeded  by  Isaac  Mansfield.  He 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1738,  and  was  ordained 
in  1743.  By  his  mother  he  was  descended  from 
J.  Woodbridgo  of  Andover. 

OFFLEY,  David  W.,  consul  of  the  United 
.States  in  Smyrna,  Asia  Minor,  died  there  in  1846. 

OGA-NA-YA,  a  Cherokee  Indian  find  Baptist 


mini»tcr  of  great  ability  and  UKofidnMn,  died  nt 
Jetrersoii  eity,  Mo.,  .Se|)l.  (I,  IN.VJ. 

(Kil)I''.\,  Ja( on,  a  |iliyHician,  died  in  1770,  nged 
M.  He  was  iiorii  at  .Newark,  .N.  J.,  in  1 7'.' I.  und 
eommeneed  tlie  practice  of  medicine  at  Jamaica, 
I..  I.,  where  he  lived  in  high  reputation  as  ii  phv- 
fieian  nearly  forty  years.  \\\h  death  was  occa- 
Hionod  by  an  injury,  received  in  conNe(pu'nce  of  a 
fright  of  his  liorNO.  He  piil)li,shed  lettern  on  I  lie 
malignant  sore-throat  distemper  in  I'OOand  1771, 
He  recomnieiuled  the  use  of  mercury.  I'erhaj)N 
he  was  the  lirst  to  introduce  in  that  disorder  the 
mercurial  treatment. —  Tliacher. 

(KiDEN,  M.\rruiAs,  died  at  I'.Ii/obetbtowfi, 
N.  J.,  in  17!M.  He  was  a  brigadier  in  the  artiiv 
of  the  United  States,  took  an  early  and  a  decided 
part  in  the  contest  with  Great  Ilritain.  He  joined 
the  army  at  Cambridge,  and  such  was  his  /cnl 
and  resolution,  that  ho  accompanied  Arnold  in 
penetrating  through  the  wilderness  to  Canada  in 
1775.  He  was  engaged  in  the  attack  upon  (Que- 
bec, and  was  carried  wouiuled  from  the  ])lace  nf 
engogement.  On  his  return  from  this  exjiedition 
he  was  ap])ointed  to  the  command  of  a  regiment, 
in  which  station  he  continued  until  the  conclusion 
of  the  war.  On  the  occurrence  of  jieace  ho  was 
honored  by  congress  with  a  commiKsion  of  i)riga- 
dier-general.  He  was  distinguished  for  his  lib- 
erality  and  philanthro])y.  He  was  generous, 
amiabk>,  and  endeared  to  his  friends. 

OODEN,  John  ("osicnh,  died  at  Chostertown, 
Maryland,  in  1800.  A  native  of  Now  Jersey,  a 
graduate  of  Princeton  in  1770,  he  was  ordained 
by  Bishop  Seabury,  and  succeeded  Mr.  llrow  no 
in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  from  1780  to  17i);5,  after 
which  time  he  was  sulyect  in  a  degree  to  mental 
derangement.  He  resided  after  1770  fiHeon  years 
in  New  Haven.  His  wife  was  a  daughter  of 
Gen.  Wooster;  his  son,  Aaron,  survived  him. 
He  published  election  sermon,  1790 ;  a  masonic 
sermon ;  address  at  the  opening  of  an  academy ; 
letters  occasioned  by  correspondence  between 
him  and  Dr.  Macclintock ;  excursion  to  Bethle- 
hem, 1800. 

OGDEN,  Damp  B.,  an  eminent  lawyer,  died 
at  New  York,  July  15,  1849,  oged  80.  lie  came 
from  New  Jersey  to  New  York  in  1802.  He  was 
the  associate  of  great  lawyers,  as  Spencer,  Van 
Ness,  Wells,  Emmet ;  his  chief  practice  was  in 
the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States.  He 
was  a  man  of  simple  manners  and  of  great  kind- 
ness. 

OGDEN,  Aaron,  governor  of  New  Jersey  in 
1812,  died  at  Jersey  city,  Ajiril  19,  1839,  aged 
83.  He  served  as  an  officer  during  the  Revolu- 
tionary war  J  for  many  years  he  practised  law 
with  reputation  j  and  was.  senator  of  the  United 
States  in  1801-1803. 
OGDEN,  UzAL,  D.  D,,  died  at  Newark,  N.  J., 


onii.viF',. 


OfilFTTIOIlM'. 


010 


In  V'lV..  1W2,  nprr<l  70  nr  7f>.  IFo  wa«  rrrfnr  of  '  porrrty,  tn  np<n  nn  nnxlutn  fur  tho  prrmTiiictl 
'|ri!ii'\  ilimrh.  Ill-  |iiilili.ln  cl  i»  niMH'iiiic  •irtiiiiii,  rrolrHiiiiils  nl'  l'.Mrii|  i ,  iiiul  iii(:in\  to  llii'imii\('* 
17sl!  mid  llic  rt'uaril  of  ini(|iiiiy.  '  lln'  l>l(  •HiiivrH  rf  Clirlxliiiiiily.     I'l  llic  |ir<>>.<  rtilion 

(Kill. VII''.  Joiiv.  h.  II.,  tiiiiiittcr  ill  Ni'W  Yurk,  of  iIiIn  (It'xi^'ii  Mr.  ()){li iliiir|ii'  iiiiltiirkcd  in  Nov. 
«a«  Kradiiati'd  lit  Yule  roiic)((>  in  17 IH,  anil  whh  i  with  n  iiiinilirr  iif  riiii){r:iiitH,  mid,  itrri\iiiK  nt 
fur  Miitic  lime,  iiiiiiiiiiMlly,  a  nli^silllmry  to  tlir  '  ('urolitm  in  llii"  iiilddli' iif  Jan.,  l".'l:i,  ]iriini'ilr(l 
liiilluMs  CHI  till'  Miiliawk,  mill  Imd  a  Kaliiry  iii ,  iiniii>'diat('ly  to  Savannah  rlvir,  and  laid  tlii' foiin- 
micli,  lint  rt -'idt'il  chiclly  as  a  iiriMulit  r  at  Alliiiiiy  !  I  datiiin  of  tlie  town  of  Savannah.  Ili-  iiiiiiio 
hi'  wa.H  al'lirwanW  nssistanl  iiiiniNlrr  of 'I'riiiily  .  treaties  with  the  IndianH,  and  iTos.sid  tlii' .\tl:iiitio 
clinreh.  New  York,  where  he  died  Nov.  _'((,  1771,  Keveral  tiinen  to  promote  the  interents  of  the  eol- 
n;i<'(l.>l.  1  lis  appearance,  address,  and  iiiiinnerN  oiiy.  Heiii)^  appointed  j^ineral  and  eonunander- 
were  preposMessiiif,'  and  iiitcreslini^ ;  he  liad  j;ood  in-chief  of  his  inajcNty's  forces  in  Soiitli  CaroHim 
iiliilitics  and  was  e\enipiary  in  his  life,  lie  left  and  (ieorniii,  he  liroiimlit  from  l'.n({l:iiiil  in  \'HH, 
mill  iidiinds  to  a,  charity  school,  mul  other  lieni'-  j  a  re^jinicnt  of  six  hniidrnl  men  to  protect  the 
factions.  Kouthern  frontiers  iVoin  the  S|iaiiiar(!s.     A  mutiny 

OCill.VIl'.,  J.VMi;.s,  an  orator,  died  Sejit.  IN,  |  wu.s  soon  excited  in  his  cam"  and  n  during  at- 
is;i(),  a){ed  lij.  lie  wa.s  a  native  of  Scotland,  tempt  was  made  to  iissaNhin  '■  .'imi  lait  his  life 
His  father,  llev.  Dr.  ().,  who  died  in  ISM,  was  a  was  wonderfully  preserved  il  '  .t'^\\  the  care  of 
hriinch  of  the  nolile  family  of  l''iiilater.  From  that  I'rovidencc  which  controls  all  earthly  agents, 
the  a);e  of  ei(,'hteen  to  thirty-live  he  had  the  anil  siipirintcnds  every  event.  Alb'r  the  com- 
cluir;,'e  of  nil  iicailemy  nt  Milton,  Alliemarle  co.,  me:i  ■ement  of  the  war  letween  (ireat  llritain 
Vir"inia.  \lv  relinipiished  his  whool  in  1H()7,  an..  Sjiain  in  17.'!!),  he  visited  the  IiidianN,  to  bc- 
anil  delivered  in   the  jiriiicipal  cities   lectures  as    cure  their  IVieiidshij),  and  in    171(1  he  went  into 


models  of  oratory.  It  waH  a  ha/ardouH  hut  kuc- 
cessful  undertakiiif;.  lie  received  much  ajiplaiise ; 
and  for  that  ho  hungered.  However,  alllioii;;h 
his  fjestures  were  very  f,'raceful,  there  was  a  mon- 
otony in  his  voice,  lie  wanted  the  (ire  and  vehe- 
mence of  jinsNiim.  Itetiiriiinf,'  to  Murope,  ho  was 
verv  unsnrcrsNl'nl  in  his  lecfures  in  London  and 
J'.(liid)iir|,'h,  and  was  ovevwholmed  with  iliha|)- 
iiointinent.  In  lH-<)  he  succeedid  to  the  lordshij) 
of  l''inlater,  hut  died  soon  nt  Alierdeeii.  It  was 
reiiortcd  that  he  killed  himself.  He  was  in 
America  addicted  to  the  use  of  ojiium  for  the 
purpose  of  oxhilarntion,  lie  published  iihilosoiih- 
ical  essays,  INUi. 

(Kill.VY,  John,  published  in  London  a  history 
of  America,  folio,  1070. 

()(iLI'"„  S.VMIKL,  governor  of  Maryland  from 
17;J7  to  1742,  and  from  1747  to  his  death,  died 
ill  17jl. 

OCJLI'i,  Hi:nj.\min,  governor  of  Maryland  from 
17i»S  to  1801,  died  at  Annapolis  July  6,  1809, 
nged  00. 

(XiLETMORPE,  James,  the  founder  of  Gei*. 
gia,  died  in  Aug.,  llHo,  aged  97.     Ho  was  bi.: 


l''lorida  on  nn  unsii'ccsNfiil  expedition  against  St. 
.\ugu~tiiie.  As  the  Spaniards  laid  claim  to 
(ic'or;;  ;,  three  ■  lusand  nv  a  imii  of  whom 
were  from  lla'ana,  were  si  '  in  1711!  to  drive 
()gletlior|ie  from  the  IVopm''.,!  When  this  force 
proceeded  up  llio  Alatu.'.ipiia,  passing  fort  St. 
Simon's  witlioi '  'iijury,  ho  was  obligei'  n  retreat 
to  I'rederica.  ■[.  'aid  but  about  sevcu  hundred 
men,  besides  idiars,  Yet,  with  a  jinrt  of  these 
he  a])proaclied  within  two  miles  of  the  enemy's 
camp,  with  the  design  of  attacking  them  by  sur- 
jirise,  when  a  l'"reuch  soldier  of  his  jinrty  fired 
his  musket  and  ran  into  the  Sjianisli  lines.  His 
situation  was  now  very  critical,  for  ho  knew  that 
tlio  deserter  v<iuld  make  known  his  weakness, 
Iteturiiiug,  however,  to  I'rederica,  ho  had  re- 
course to  the  folhiwing  exiiedient.  Ho  wrote  a 
letter  to  the  deserter,  desiring  him  to  ac(piaint 
the  S])anianls  with  the  defenceless  state  of  Fred- 
erica,  and  to  urge  them  to  the  attack ;  if  he  could 
not  etfoct  this  object,  ho  directed  him  to  use  all 
his  arts  to  ]>orsunde  them  to  stay  three  days  at 
f  "t  Simon's,  as  within  that  time  lie  should  hnvo 
>  reinforcement  of  two  thousand  land  forces,  with 


in  ]';ngland  about  the  year  1G8H.     FiUtering  the    six  ships  of  war,  cautioning  him  at  the  same  time 


army  at  an  early  ago,  he  served  under  Prince 
I'.ugenc,  to  whom  ho  became  secretary  and  aide- 
de-canij).    On  the  restoration  of  j)eaco  lie  was 


not  to  drop  a  lunt  of  Admiral  Vernon's  meditated 
attack  upon  St.  Augustine.  A  S])anisli  prisoner 
was  intrusted  with  this  letter  under  promise  of 


returned  a  member  of  jiarliamcnt,  at.  J  distin-  i  delivering  it  to  the  deserter.  Hut  he  gave  it,  as 
guished  himself  as  a  useful  senator  by  proposing  !  was  cxiiectcd  and  intended,  to  the  commaiider-in- 
several  regulations  for  the  benefit  of  trade,  and  a  j  chief,  who  instantly  jiut  the  deserter  in  irons.  In 
reform  in  the  prisons.  His  philanthrojiy  is  com-  I  the  ])erplexity  occasioned  by  this  letter,  while  the 
nicmorated  in  Thomson'.s  seasons.  His  benevo-  enemy  was  deliberating  what  measure  to  ado])t, 
lence  led  him  in  1732  to  beeome  one  of  the  |  three  ships  of  force,  which  the  governor  of  South 
tru.stcps  of  Georgia,  a  colony,  the  design  of  whose  I  Carolina  had  sent  to  Oglethorjie's  aid,  appeared 
settlement  was  princijially  to  rescue  many  of  the  !  off  the  coast.  'I'hc  Spanish  commander  was  now 
inhabitants  of  Great  Britain  from  the  miseries  of  j  convinced,  beyond  all  question,  that  the  letter,  in- 


620 


O'lIARA. 


OLDHAM. 


utencl  of  beinpt  a  HtratajTem,  contained  serious 
instructions  to  a  spy,  nntl  in  this  ninmcnt  of  con- 
sternation sot  fire  to  the  fort,  and  embarked  so 
precipitately  as  to  leave  behind  him  a  number  of 
cannon  with  a  quantity  of  military  stores.  Thus, 
by  an  event  beyond  human  foresight  or  control, 
by  the  correspondence  between  the  artful  sug- 
gestions of  a  military  genius  and  the  blowing  of 
the  winds,  wa:!  the  infant  colony  ])rovidentialIy 
saved  from  dr:  ■'ruction,  and  Oglethorjje  retrieved 
his  reputation  and  gained  the  character  of  an  able 
general.  He  now  returned  to  England,  and  never 
again  rensited  Georgia.  In  1745  he  was  pro- 
moted to  the  rank  of  major-general,  and  was  sent 
against  the  rebels,  but  did  not  overtake  them,  for 
irhich  he  was  tried  by  a  court  martial  and  hon- 
orably acquitted.  After  the  return  of  Gage  to 
England  in  1775,  the  command  of  the  iJritish 
army  in  America  was  offered  to  General  Ogle- 
thorpe. Ho  professed  liis  readiness  to  accept 
the  appointment,  if  the  ministry  would  authorize 
him  to  assure  the  colonies  that  justice  would  be 
done  them  j  but  the  command  was  given  to  Sir 
William  Howe.  Ujion  liis  tomb,  in  Cranham 
church,  Essex,  is  the  following  inscription  : 

"Religion  watches  o'er  his  urn, 
And  all  the  Tlrtucs  bending  mourn. 
Ilumanity,  with  languid  eye, 
Melting  for  otiiera'  uiiiiery ; 
Prudence,  whose  hands  a  measure  hold  | 
And  Temperance,  with  a  rein  of  gold; 
Fidelity's  trauKparent  vest, 
And  Fortitude  in  armor  drest ; 
TVIsdora's  gray  locks  and  Freedom  join 
The  moral  train  to  bless  his  shrine, 
And,  pensive,  all  around  bis  ashes  holy 
Their  lost  sad  honors  pay  in  order  melancholy." 

His  life  was  written  by  Rev.  Dr.  Harris.  —  Mar- 
shall, I.  31S-344  J  Thompson's  Seasons,  Wiiiter, 
359-388. 

O'HARA,  James,  one  of  the  founders  of  Pitts- 
burg, Penn.,  died  Dec.  19,  1819,  aged  C6.  He 
was  born  in  Ireland  in  1754,  and  came  to  America 
in  1772,  without  friends  or  capital.  Engaging  in 
the  Indian  trade,  he  became  qualified  for  employ- 
ment by  the  government  in  frequent  missions  to 
the  Indian  tribes.  Under  Gen.  Wayne  he  was 
very  useful  to  the  army  as  quartermaster-general. 
Duly  estimating  the  fine  locality  of  Pittsburg, 
he  early  purchased  there  an  extensive  real  estate 
and  laid  the  foundation  of  a  princely  fortune. 
The  first  glass  works  and  brewery  were  estab- 
lished by  him.  Mary  Carson,  his  daughter,  mar- 
ried in  1823  Wm.  Croghan.  His  intt'ligence  and 
wit  gave  a  charm  to  his  conversatio  i ;  he  was 
most  liospitable,  liberal,  and  beneficint.  The 
citizens  mourned  him  as  a  father. 

OJEDA,  Don  Ai,onzo  de,  a  follower  of  Colum- 
bus in  his  second  voyage,  was  celebrated  for  his 
personal  endowments  and  daring  spirit.  Of  small 
size,  he  yet  had  great  strength  and  actiwty,  was 
expert  in  all  kinds  of  weapons,  most  adventurous 


!  and  fierce  in  fifrht.  Once,  when  Queen  Isabella 
was  in  the  tower  of  a  church  at  Seville,  he  w^dkcd 
out  on  a  beam  which  projected  twenty  feet  from 
the  tower  at  a  dizzy  height.  In  Jan.,  1401,  ho 
explored  the  interior  of  Hispaniola.  After  being 
besieged  in  a  fortress  by  Caonabo,  ho  treacher- 
ously seized  the  Carib  chieftain.  In  the  same 
spirit  of  inhumanity  he  made  up  his  Carahjadn, 
or  droves  of  slaves,  carrying  the  unhapjjy  natives 
to  Cadiz,  and  selling  thom  in  the  slave-market. 
He  was  afterwards  governor  of  New  Andalusia 
at  Darien,  but  he  failed  about  1513  in  his  attempt 
to  establish  a  colony  there.  In  his  voyage  to 
Paria  in  1499  he  was  accompanied  by  Amerigo. 
—  Irvinffs  Columhus. 

OLCOTT,  Ikii,Ki.EY,  minister  of  Charlestown, 
N.  H.,  died  in  1793,  aged  59.    Born  in  IJolton, 
Conn.,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in   1758,  and  was 
settled  in  17(il.     J.  Crosby  was  his  successor  in 
1810.     He  publisiicd  n  masonic  sermon,  1781. 
OLCOTT,   A1.I.E.V,    minister   of   Farmington, 
■Conn,  died  in  1811,  aged  about  03.     He  gradu- 
'  ated  at  Yale  in  17(58;  was  settled  in  1780,  and 
dismissed  in  1792.     He  was  born  in  East  Hart- 
ford.    J.  Washburn  and  N.  Parker  succeeded 
him. 

OLCOTT,  Simeon,  chief  justice  of  New  Hamp- 
shire, died  in  1815,  aged  78.  He  was  graduated 
at  Yale  college  in  1701,  and  commenced  tiie 
practice  of  the  law  at  Charlcstown,  N.  H.  He 
was  appointed  chief  justice  of  the  court  of  com- 
mon pleas  Dec.  25,  1784,  a  judge  of  the  superior 
court  Jan.  25,  1790,  chief  justice  March  28,  17!)j, 
and,  from  1801  to  1805,  a  senator  of  the  United 
States,  in  the  place  of  Mr.  Liverraore,  who  had 
resigned. 

OLCOTT,  Mills,  died  at  Hanover,  N.  H.,  Ju!y 
11,  1845,  aged  71.  He  was  the  son  of  Gen.  I'eter 
O.  of  Norwich,  Vt.,  who  removed  from  Uolton, 
Conn.,  in  1773,  and  was  lieutenant-governor. 
His  mother  was  Sarah  Mills  of  Waterbury.  He 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1790;  jiractiscd  law 
in  Hanover;  was  secretary,  treasurer,  and  trustee 
of  the  college ;  and  a  member  of  the  Hartford 
convention  Becoming  a  member  of  the  church 
in  1820,  he  was  president  of  Grafton  county  bible 
society.  His  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Col.  Asa 
Porter  of  Haverhill,  N.  H.  He  had  nine  chil- 
dren. Of  his  daughters,  Catharine  married  Jo- 
seph Bell,  and  Helen  married  Kuftis  Choato  of 
Boston,  Jane  married  W.  T.  Heydock  of  Lowell, 
Sarah  married  W.  H.  Duncan  of  Hanover,  and 
Mary  married  Charles  E.  Thompson  of  Haver- 
hill. 

OLDIIAM,  John,  a  disturber  of  the  church  at 
PljTnouth,  arrived  in  the  Ann,  in  1023,  and  was 
associated  with  Lyford  in  1024.  They  set  up  a 
separate  worship  on  the  Sabbath,  and  intended 
to  alter,  probably  to  assume,  the  government.  He 
lived  after  he  left  Plymouth  at  Hull  and  Cape  Ann, 


OLDMIXON. 


OLIVER. 


621 


and  was  the  representative  of  Watertown  in  1634, 
so  that  he  recovered  his  lost  credit.  He  had  a 
spirit  of  adventure,  and  with  Samuel  llall  and 
two  others  travelled,  in  1C;J3,  from  Dorchester 
through  the  wilderness  to  a  place  on  the  Connec- 
ticut river,  called  hy  the  Indians  Mattaneaug, 
now  Windsor.  The  sachem  welcomed  them. 
This  led  to  the  settlement.  Afterwards,  in  1C3G, 
as  he  went  in  his  barque  to  trade  with  the  Indians, 
and  lay  at  anchor  at  Block  Island,  the  Indians 
boarded  his  vessel  and  murdered  him.  This 
event  led  to  tl;e  Pequot  war.  John  Endicot  con- 
ducted the  first  expedition,  and  burned  all  the 
wi"wams  on  Block  Island.  According  to  the 
account  of  Lion  Gardiner,  Oldham,  when  he  was 
killed,  had  with  him  50  j)ounds  in  gold  coins, 
which  the  Indians,  punching  holes  through  them, 
wore  upon  their  necks  for  ornaments.  —  Stone's 
Vnrns. 

OLDMIXOX,  John,  died  in  England  in  1742, 
a^ed  09.  He  published,  among  other  works,  the 
British  empire  in  America,  2d  ed.,  2  vols.,  1741. 

OLDS,  G.VMAi.iKL  S.,  died  at  Circleville,  O., 
June  13,  1848,  aged  71.  Born  in  Granville, 
Mass.,  ho  graduated  at  Williams  in  1801,  and 
was  a  tutor  several  years.  In  1800  he  was  chosen 
professor  of  mathematics,  which  office  he  held 
till  1803,  when  he  began  the  study  of  theology. 
In  1813  he  was  ordauied  a  colleague  with  Dr. 
Newton  of  Greenfield,  and  remained  three  years. 
From  1819  to  1821  he  was  professor  of  mathe- 
matics in  the  University  of  Vermont,  and  from 
1821  to  1625  in  Amherst  college,  and  afterwards 
in  the  university  of  Georgia,  lie  wont  to  Ohio 
in  1841,  and  discharged  the  duties  of  a  minister 
till  his  death.  On  his  return  from  Bloomfield, 
whither  he  had  been  to  preach,  his  frightened 
horse  throw  him  from  liis  vehicle  down  a  bank, 
and  he  was  so  wounded  that  in  a  few  days  he 
died ;  and  he  departed  in  peace.  Ilis  wife  and 
children  wore  all  soon  dead.  He  published  in- 
augural oration,  1806;  eight  sermons  on  Episco- 
pacy and  Presbyterian  parity,  1815;  a  statement 
of  facts  as  to  professor  at  Middlebury,  1818. 

OLIN,  GiDKON,  judge,  died  at  Shaft;sbury,  Vt., 
in  1822.  Born  in  Rhode  Island,  he  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  State  of  Vermont,  speaker  of 
the  house,  judge  of  a  county  court,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  congress. 

OI-IN,  Stephen,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  president  of 
the  Wesleyan  university,  died  in  Middletown 
Aug.  16,  1851,  aged  54.  Boni  in  Leicester,  Vt., 
he  graduated  at  Middlebury  in  1820,  and  entered 
the  Methodist  ministry  in  1824 ;  he  then  spent 
two  years  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  In  1833  he  was 
president  of  the  college  at  Macon,  Georgin,  and 
thence  went  to  Aliddletown  as  the  suetessor  of 
Pres.  Fisk.  In  1837  ho  travelled  in  Eurojie  for 
his  health.  He  was  over  six  feet  in  height,  of  a 
large  frame,  with  a  voice  of  great  power  and 


compn.s8;  hut  his  gestures  were  stiff.  He  pul)- 
lished  various  sermons,  lectures,  and  discourses, 
and  also  travels  in  tlio  East,  in  2  vols.  His  life 
and  letters  were  published  in  1853.  —  Cyclopedia 
of  Amcr.  LUcrature. 

OLIVER,  Thomas,  an  elder  of  the  church. iu 
Boston,  died  in  1057.  He  arrived  in  1031.  His 
sons,  John,  James,  Peter,  and  Samuel,  were  noted 
and  useful  men  in  Boston.  John  die<l  in  1046, 
aged  29,  leaving  five  children.  According  to 
Winthrop,  he  was  greatly  lamented  for  the  sweet- 
ness of  his  disposition  and  his  public  uscfidncss, 
being  an  exjiert  soldier,  an  excellent  surveyor  of 
land,  a  good  scholar;  and  he  had  been  an  able 
preacher  for  four  years. 

OLIVER,  Pktkh,  son  of  Thomas,  and  an  emi- 
nent merchant  in  Boston,  died  in  1070.  He  was 
admitted  a  freeman  in  1040,  and  was  ca])tain  of 
the  artillery  coinjiany  in  1009.  Of  bis  sons,  Peter 
graduated  in  1075 ;  James  graduated  in  1050, 
was  a  j)hysician  in  Camtu'idge,  and  died  in  1703; 
and  Daniel  died  in  1732,  aged  08,  being  the  father 
of  lieutenant-governor  Andrew  Oliver  and  of 
chief  justice  Peter  Oliver. 

OLIVER,  Jamks,  Dr.,  died  at  Cambridge  April 
8,  1703,  aged  43.  He  was  a  skilful  physician, 
and  eminent  for  his  virtues. 

OLIVER,  D.vxiKi,,  a  member  of  the  council  of 
Mass.,  the  son  of  Peter,  a  merchant,  and  grand- 
son of  Elder  Thomas  O.,  was  bora  in  1004,  and 
died  in  Boston  in  July,  1732,  aged  68.  He  was 
distinguished  for  ])iety,  humility,  and  charity  from 
his  youth.  He  always  rose  early  to  read  the 
sacred  volume  and  pour  out  his  heart  unto  God. 
Though  mercantile  business  claimed  much  of  his 
attention,  yet  he  devoted  Saturday  afternoon  to 
visiting  the  sick  in  his  neighborhood.  He  was 
an  overseer  of  the  poor,  and  he  maintained,  at 
his  own  expense,  a  school  which  received  thirty 
of  their  children.  He  built  for  this  purpose  a 
house  which  cost  600  pounds,  and  in  his  will  he 
directed  it  to  be  devoted  to  the  instruction  of  the 
poor  forever.  He  contributed  largely  to  the  pro- 
motion of  the  gospel  among  the  ignorant  and 
vicious.  —  Prince's  Fun.  Sermon. 

OLIVER,  Andrew,  lieutenant-governor  of 
Massachusetts,  son  of  the  preceding,  died  at  Bos- 
ton March  3,  1774,  aged  07.  He  was  graduated 
at  Harvard  college  in  1724.  While  he  was  secre- 
tary of  the  province,  he  was  appointed  distributor 
of  stamps  in  1705,  but  the  Boston  mob  demol- 
ished his  oflire,  August  14,  and  compelled  him 
to  resign.  He  sustained  the  ofiice  of  lieutenant- 
governor  from  1770  till  1774,  during  the  admin- 
istration of  his  brother-in-law,  Mr.  Hutchinson. 
No  man  was  more  disposed  to  promote  the  de- 
signs of  the  British  ministry.  His  letters,  which 
were  sent  over  by  Dr.  Franklin  in  1772,  disclosed 
his  subserviency  to  the  British  ministry,  and  the 
disclosure  embittered  his  remaining  days.    He 


622 


OLIVER. 


OLMSTED. 


■was  hungr)'  for  office  and  honor.  Yet  in  j)rlvate 
life  he  was  respected.  He  was  succeeded  as 
lieutenant-governor  by  Thomas  Oliver,  of  a  differ- 
ent family,  who  died  in  England  in  July,  181G, 
aged  82. 

.OLIVER,  Peteh,  LL.  D.,  chief  justice  of  Mas- 
sachusetts, the  brother  of  the  jireceding,  died  at 
Birmingham,  England,  in  Oct.,  1791,  aged  79. 
He  was  born  in  1713,  and  graduated  at  Harvard 
college  in  1730.  He  was  appointed  a  judge  of 
the  superior  court,  Sept.  15,  1756.  His  place  of 
residence  was  Middleborough,  and  he  had  not 
been  educated  to  the  law.  In  the  year  1774, 
when  the  general  court  called  upon  him,  as  they 
called  upon  the  other  judges,  to  receive  the  grant 
for  his  services,  as  usual,  from  the  treasury  of  the 
province,  and  to  engage  to  receive  no  pay  or 
emolument  except  from  the  assembly,  he  j)eremp- 
torily  refused.  In  consequence  of  this  refusal 
the  house  voted  articles  of  imjjeachment  in  Feb- 
ruary, accusing  him  of  high  crimes  and  misde- 
meanors. His  son,  Peter,  died  at  Shrewsbury, 
England,  in  1822,  aged  81.  He  published  a 
speech  on  the  death  of  Isaac  Lathrop,  1750 ; 
poem  on  the  death  of  Secretary  AVillard ;  scripture 
lexicon,  1787. —  Warren,  i.  119;  Oordon,  i.  345. 
OLIVER,  Thomas  Fitch,  Episcopal  minister, 
first  of  Marblehead,  then  of  Providence,  died  in 
1797,  aged  about  42.  He  graduated  at  Harvard 
in  1775.  W.  Harris  succeeded  him  at  M.  He 
published  a  masonic  discourse,  1784. 

OLIVER,  Andrew,  judge  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas  for  Essex,  the  son  of  Lieut.-Gov. 
Andrew  O.,  was  born  in  1731 ;  was  graduated  at 
Harvard  college  in  1749  ;  and  died  at  Salem  early 
in  Dec,  1799,  aged  08.  He  was  distinguished 
for  his  attachment  to  literature  and  science.  Of 
the  American  academy  he  was  one  of  the  original 
members.  He  published  an  essay  on  comets,  in 
1772  ;  and  theory  of  lightning  and  water-spouts, 
in  American  transactions. 

OLIVER,  Robert,  colonel,  died  at  Waterford 
in  May,  1810,  aged  72,  an  excellent  Christian. 
Living  at  Barre,  Mass.,  at  the  time  of  the  Revo- 
hition,  he  was  an  officer  in  the  army ;  afterwards 
he  lived  at  Conway.  In  1789  he  erected  at  AVa- 
terford  the  first  mills  in  Ohio.  He  sustained 
various  civil  offices. 

OLIVER,  Til  MAS,  lieutenant-governor  of 
Massaehu  I'tts,  died  in  England  in  July,  1816, 
aged  82.  He  was  a  native  of  Dorchester,  and  a 
descendant  of  Elder  Thomas  O.  He  was  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  college  in  1753.  After  the  death 
of  Lieutenant-Governor  Andrew  O.  in  1774,  he 
was  nominated  as  his  successor  by  the  advice  of 
Mr.  Hutchinson,  though  not  related  to  him.  He 
was  a  scholar,  and  aftiible  and  gentlemanly,  and 
in  the  possession  of  a  good  fortune,  residing  in 
an  el(!gant  mansion,  which  ho  had  built  at  Cam- 
bridge.    Probably  Mr.  Hutcliinson  thought  his 


!  influence  would  be  important.  In  the  Revnlu- 
■  tion  he  went  to  I'.ugland,  and  lived  at  IJrisiol. 
He  wrote  in  the  ])ietas  ct  gratulatio,  a  short  Eng- 
lish ])oem.  —  J;' Hot. 

OLIVER,  Nathaniel  K.  G.,  died  at  sea  in 
the  ship  Potomac,  of  which  ho  was  secrotarv. 
May  1,  1832,  aged  42.  The  son  of  Rev.  Daniel 
O.,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1809,  and  was 
for  years  the  useful  teacher  of  a  public  school  in 
Boston.  Ill  health  induced  him  to  take  a  voynf;o 
to  the  east  in  the  shij)  in  which  he  died.  He  was 
a  distinguished  scholar,  a  man  of  exemplary  vir- 
tues. 

OLIVER,  Robert,  an  eminent  merchant  of 
Baltimore,  died  in  1834,  aged  77. 

OLIVER,  Benjamin  Lvnde,  ^I.  D.,  died  at 
Salem  ^lay  14,  1835.  He  was  a  native  of  Bos- 
ton, and  grandson  of  Lieutenant-Governor  Oliver. 
lie  was  respected  for  his  talents,  learning,  and 
philanthro])y.  He  published  hints  on  the  pur- 
suit of  happiness,  1818. 

OLIVER,  Daniel,  a  minister  in  Beverly,  died 
in  Roxbury  Sept.  14,  1840,  aged  88.  Born  in 
Boston,  he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1785 ;  was 
the  pastor  of  the  upper  jjarish  of  Beverly  from 
1787  to  1797;  in  later  years  was  not  the  minister 
of  any  church.  His  wife,  of  the  name  of  Kcm- 
ble,  was  the  sister  of  the  wife  of  Caleb  Bingliam. 
He  published  nine  discourses  on  baptism,  1800. 

OLIVER,  IXvNiEL,  M.  1).,  LL.  D.,  died  at  Cam- 
bridge June  1, 1842,  aged  54 ;  professor  of  the  the- 
ory and  jjractice  of  physic  and  of  intellectual  phi- 
losophy in  Dartmouth  college.  He  was  born  in 
Marblehead  Sept.  9,  1787,  graduated  at  Harvard 
in  1800,  and  was  for  several  years  the  associate 
of  Dr.  Mussey  in  Salem.  From  1820  to  1837 
he  lived  at  Hanover  ;  afterwards  at  Cambridge. 
He  lectured  at  Cincinnati  in  1841  and  1842.  An 
exemjjlary  member  of  the  Episcojial  church,  of 
which  his  father  was  a  minister,  he  died  in  j)eace. 
He  was  a  man  of  mild  deportment,  gentlemanly, 
of  a  pure  character ;  an  accomjjlished  classical 
scholar,  skilled  in  various  languages,  having  also 
a  fine  taste  for  music.  He  published  first  lines 
of  ])hysiology  in  1835,  and  a  2d  edition  in  1840. 
—  Williams'  Med.  Biog. 

OLIVER,  William,  died  in  Dorchester  in 
1847,  leaving  his  whole  property,  about  100,000 
dollars,  to  be  divided  between  the  Perkins  insti- 
tution for  the  blind  and  the  McLean  asylum  for 
the  insane. 

OLMSTEAD,  Jared,  missionary  among  the 
Choctaws,  died  at  Norwalk  Sept.  10,  1843,  aged 
32.  lie  was  bom  in  Ridgefield,  Conn.,  and  en- 
tered on  his  work  in  1830,  at  first  a  teacher  at 
Wheelock,  then  a  preacher  at  Norwalk.  lie  had 
the  confidence  and  love  of  the  Indians. 

0L:MSTEI),  Gideon,  died  at  East  Hartford 
Feb.  7,  1845,  aged  90.  In  1770  in  a  jmvateer 
he  wai  captured  and  carried  to  Jamaica,  and 


OLMSTED. 


oim. 


623 


thftiee  ordered  to  n  ])ris()n  slii])  in  New  York ; 
but  lu;  and  three  otliers  rose  on  the  crew  anil 
cai)tureil  the  vessel. 

OLMSTED,  DiCNNisoN,  Jr\.,  protestor  of 
chemistry  at  Yale  college,  died  Anp;.,  IHKJ. 

OLXI'^Y,  Jkukmiaii,  colonel,  died  at  Provi- 
dence in  1812,  aged  03.  He  was  collector  of  the 
customs  at  1'. 

OLXEY,  Thomas,  minister  of  the  Riiptist 
churcii  in  Providence,  died  .June  1 1,  1722,  aged 
91.  He  was  horn  in  Hertford,  England,  in  UilJl. 
It  is  supposed  he  was  the  son  of  Thomas  ().,  who 
went  with  Kogor  Williams  from  IJoston  to  Provi- 
dence, and  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  first 
I3a])tist  church  in  this  country. 

OLNl'^Y,  Stkpiikn,  cajitain,  died  at  Provi- 
dence Dec.,  1832,  aged  77.  He  fought  in  various 
battles  and  was  twice  wounded.  —  Jlont.  Patriot, 
Dec.  6. 

OLNEY,  Gideon  W.,  Episco])al  minister  at 
Portland,  Maine,  died  in  Feb.,  1838,  aged  14. 

OLYPHANT,  David  W.  C,  a  merchant  of 
New  York,  died  in  Cairo,  Egypt,  on  his  return 
from  China,  Juno  10,  1851.  Living  in  China  for 
vcars,  he  redeemed  the  jiromisemade  thirty  years 
iicfore  in  a  letter  to  Dr.  Morrison,  that  he  would 
do  what  he  could  for  Christian  missions.  The 
missionaries  found  him  a  friend  and  counsellor. 
lie  was  als-^  liberal  in  giving  to  them  in  his  ships 
passages  free  of  eliarge.  To  the  mission  house 
in  New  York,  he  presented  a  thousand  select 
Chinese  volumes.  —  Oti.tciTcr,  July  24. 

OXD.VYAK.\,  died  near  Oneida  castle  Sept. 
20,  1830,  aged  'JG ;  head  chief  of  the  Onondagas. 

OltDWAY,  Xi'.nicMlAii,  died  in  Pemljroke, 
N.  H.,  June,  1830,  aged  03.  IJorn  in  Amesbury. 
a  graduate  of  Harvard  in  1704,  he  was  ordained 
at  .Middleton,  X.  H.,  in  1778;  then  was  pastor  at 
Haverhill  from  1789  to  1794. 

OUXE,  JosKPll,  Dr.,  died  in  Salem  Jan.  28, 
1780,  aged  30.  He  was  born  in  Salem ;  gradu- 
ated at  llarvard  in  1705  ;  studied  with  Dr.  Hol- 
yoke;  and  practised  physic  a  few  years  in  IJev- 
erlv,  then  in  Salem.  He  was  an  associate  of  the 
academy  of  arts  and  sciences,  and  wrote  for  the 
medical  society.  Dr.  Holyoke  regarded  hira  as 
one  of  the  best  poets  our  country  had  produced. 
He  introduced  the  cow  parsne])  as  a  cure  of  the 
epilepsy.  —  T/iac/icr'n  Mad.  JJini/. 

OIUJXO,  chief  of  the  Penobscot  tribe  of  In- 
dians, died  at  Oldtown,  an  island  in  Penobscot 
river,  three  leagues  above  tide  water,  Feb.  5, 
1801,  aged  113  years.  He  cultivated  among  his 
subjects  the  principles  of  peace,  temi)erance,  and 
religion.  In  the  lime  of  the  war  with  Great 
liritain  he  formed  a  treat}  with  the  American 
government,  and  faithfully  adhered  to  it.  His 
j)eoplo  jirofcss  the  Roman  Catholic  religion  and 
liuve  a  church.     He  retained  liis  mental  faculties 


to  an  unusual  degree  in  his  old  age.  His  hair 
had  long  been  of  a  milky  white,  and  lliis  vener- 
able chief  had  lived  to  bunt  in  three  diil'erent 
centuries.  His  wife,  .Madam  Orono,  ilied  in  Jan., 
1809,  aged  115.  A  notice  of  hiui  by  W.  I).  Wil- 
liamson is  in  hist.  coll.  3(1  serie^i,  vol.  vill.  His 
father  was  a  I'renclnnan  ;  his  mother  half  l''reneli. 
His  e\es  were  lilue,  his  hair  brown,  not  black,  in 
early  life.  He  understood  both  the  l''rencii  and 
Indian  languages.  He  succeeded  Osson  as  chief, 
and  was  succeeded  by  Aitteon,  who  died  al)out 
1811.  His  son,  John  .Mtteon,  succeeded  in  1810. 
John  X'eptune  was  associated  with  him  as  lieu- 
tenant-governor. 

OKU,  High,  an  enterjirising  mnnufacturer, 
died  in  Dec,  170S,  aged  81.  He  was  born  Jan. 
13,  1717,  in  Scotland,  and  was  educated  u  gun- 
smith. About  1738  he  settled  at  Pridgewater, 
Mass.,  where  ho  first  erected  a  trip-luiinmer  and 
maiuilhctm-ed  scythes  and  other  tools.  About 
1748  he  made  five  hundred  muskets  for  the  State. 
In  the  war  of  the  devolution  he  east  iron  and 
bra.ss  cannon,  from  3  to  42-j)ounders,  and  can- 
non balls.  He  also  invented  a  machine  for 
cleaning  flaxseed,  which  he  exported  to  Scotland, 
and  constructed  a  machine  for  the  manufacture 
of  cotton.  So  highly  was  he  esteemed  by  his 
fellow  citizens,  that  he  was  for  some  years  elected 
a  senator.  His  widow,  Mary,  died  in  1801,  aged 
80.  His  son,  Robert,  was  armorer  at  Spring- 
field. Dr.  Hectcr  Orr  of  Uridgcwater  was  his 
grandson. 

ORR,  John,  died  at  Topsham,  Maine,  in  Oct... 
1709,  aged  103. 

ORR,  John,  an  ofTicer  in  the  Revolution,  died 
at  Bedford,  Mass.,  in  1822,  aged  75.  Ho  served 
j  under  Gen.  Stark  in  the  battle  of  Bennington, 
and  was  stnerely  wounded,  a  ball  entering  just 
above  the  knee  joint  and  lodging  in  the  bone. 
In  consequence  of  this  he  had  a  stilf  knee  and 
was  a  cripple,  and  subject  to  indescribable  suffer- 
ings for  life.  For  many  years  he  was  a  repre- 
sentative and  senator  of  New  Hampshire.  His 
mind  was  vigorous;  his  judgment  sound;  and 
!iis  Christian  character  exemjilary.  His  son, 
lienjainin  Orr,  a  distinguished  lawyer,  died  at 
Brunswick,  Maine,  in  Sept.,  1828;  his  son,  Isaac 
Orr,  was  the  secretary  of  the  African  education 
society  at  Waihington ;  his  daughter  was  the 
wife  of  Samuel  A.  Worcester,  the  missionary, 
j  whom  theGe<Mgians  held  a  prisoner  in  their  pen- 
itentiary in  disregard  of  the  solemn  decision  of 
j  the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States. 
!  ORR.  BK.NJAM1.V,  died  at  Brunswick,  ?\Ie.,  in 
1828,  aged  about  50.  The  son  of  John  Orr  of 
Bedford,  X.  H.;  a  patriot,  who  died  in  1822,  he 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1798,  and  settled  as 
a  lawyer  at  Brunswick,  holding  a  high  rank  in 
hi.s  professioi'..    He  was  a  member  of  congress. 


624 


ORR. 


OSBORX. 


His  son,  John  Orr,  is  a  minister  in  Alfred,  Mniue. 
He  puhlishcd  an  oration  on  the  deutli  of  Wash- 
ington, IHOO. 

ORR,  Alkxaxdkr  D.,  died  nt  Paris,  Ky.,  in 
1835.  lie  was  a  rej)rcsentativo  in  congress  from 
1792  to  1797. 

ORR,  Robert  G.,  minister  of  Paterson,  N.  J., 
died  in  1837,  aged  49. 

ORR,  IH:^\v,  died  at  Amherst,  Mass.,  Ajnil 
28,  1844,  aged  oO.  Horn  in  Bedford,  N.  U.,  tlic 
son  of  John  Orr,  a  civilian  an('  patriot  of  the  Rev- 
olution, who  was  wounded  ;  the  battle  of  IJen- 
nington  aiid  made  a  crip)  !e,  —  he  graduated  at 
Yale  in  1818,  distinguishtr  as  r.  scholar;  after- 
wards he  was  a  teaclier  i'l  tlj,;  asylum  for  the 
deaf  and  dumb  at  Harlibrd.  He  also  was  a 
preacher  and  missionary  in  "Washington  city.  He 
labored  for  the  colonization  society.  An  a  man 
of  integrity  and  of  ))ure  character  he  was  much 
esteemed.  He  was  the  inventor  of  the  air-tight 
stove.  He  wrote  a  multitude  of  communications 
for  the  paj)ers,  journals,  and  scientific  magazines, 
among  them  forty-five  letters  of  Hampden  in 
the  Commercial  Advertiser,  and  eighty  letters  of 
Timoleon  in  the  Boston  Courier.  He  left  a  com- 
mentary on  Daniel  and  the  Re    'ation. 

ORR,  Hkctor,  M.  D.,  died  at  East  Bridge- 
water,  Mass.,  April  29,  18iio,  aged  86.  The  same 
was  his  native  town.  He  was  the  son  of  Colonel 
Eober.  Orr;  and  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1792. 
He  published  history  of  free-masonrj',  a  discourse, 
1797;  oration,  1801. 

ORR,  John  Savers,  the  "  angel  Gabriel,"  as 
he  called  himself,  died  in  jjrison  at  Demarara,  in 
185G,  aged  3tj.  His  crime  in  1).  was  stirring  up 
an  insurrection  of  the  bliiclis.  Born  in  England, 
he  spent  many  years  in  this  country.  He  thought, 
or  pretended  to  think,  that  he  was  the  angel  Ga- 
briel, and  with  a  small  horn  he  called  together 
his  audience  in  the  streets  or  on  the  wliarves  of 
New  York  and  other  places,  thinking  he  had  a 
commission  to  jireach  against  the  Catholics. 

OSBORN,  John,  a  physician  and  poet,  died 
May  31.  1753,  aged  40.  He  was  born  at  Sand- 
wich, .ilass.,  in  1713.  His  father,  a  native  of 
Ireland,  was  the  minister  of  Eastham  from  1718 
to  1737,  and  died  at  Boston,  aged  above  90.  He 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1735.  Un- 
certain for  a  time  what  profession  to  pursue,  he 
direclet'  his  thoughts  towards  theology,  and  pro- 
ceeded 1 J  far  as  to  read  bclbre  the  association  of 
ministers,  with  the  design  of  being  licensed  to 
preach,  a  sermon  which  was  not  perfectly  ortho- 
dox. Having  afterwards  resolved  upon  the  study 
of  medicine,  ho  removed  to  Middletown,  Conn. 
But  little  is  known  concerning  him  after  this 
period.  In  1753  he  wrote  to  a  sister  that  he 
had  lingered  almost  two  years  a  life  not  worth 
having.  One  of  his  sons  was  a  physician  in  Mid- 
dletown.    His  manners  were   open,  plain,  and 


agreeable,  and  his  trmjicr  cheerful  and  mild. 
His  elegy  on  the  death  of  a  young  sister  is  pre- 
served ill  the  Boston  mirror.  His  whaling  snug 
has  been  sung  iiy  whalers.  It  is  publislied  in 
cyclo])edia  of  American  literature.  —  Tliavher'a 
Mi'ilii-iil  1>iiifir(i])hy. 

OSBORX,  Sasii'EI,,  minister  of  Eastham, 
Mass.,  died  in  Boston,  between  90  and  100  years 
of  age.  He  came  from  Irehuid ;  was  ordainc-d 
in  1718;  the  next  yei;r  his  ciiurcli  divided  into 
two  churches.  He  was  dismissed  in  1737  for  be- 
ing an  Arminian.  He  removed  to  Boston,  and 
there  taught  a  j)rivate  school  ten  years  or  more. 
He  taught  tiie  C'a])c  Cod  ])Cople  the  use  of  ])eat. 
He  ])nl)lished  his  case  and  com])laint,  1743. 

OSBORN,  Syl YAM'S,  minister  of  East  Green- 
wich, Coini.,  died  in  1771,  aged  about  forty.  He 
was  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1754,  and  was 
ordained  in  1757. 

OSBORN,  Sauaii,  died  at  Newport,  R.  I.,  in 
179G,  aged  82;  a  woman  of  distinguished  juelv. 

OSBORN,  Benjamin,  mhiistcr  of  Tinmoutii, 
Vt ,  died  in  1818,  aged  70.  Born  in  LitciifiLld, 
Conn.,  he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1775,  and 
was  i)ast(n-  at  T.  from  1780  to  1787. 

OSBORN,  John,  a  physiciau,  son  of  John, 
was  born  March  17,  1741,  and  after  ])ractising 
physic  more  than  sixty  years  at  !Midd!-jtowft,  died 
in  June,  1825,  aged  84.  He  was  with  the  army 
at  Ticonderoga  in  1758.  He  was  skilful  as  a 
chemist,  and  had  the  best  medical  library  in  the 
State.  He  pubUshed  before  the  Revolution  La 
Condamine's  treatise  on  inoculation,  with  an  ajj- 
pendix.  —  Thacher. 

OSBORN,  John  C,  ;M.  D.,  a  physician,  the 
eldest  son  of  the  preceding,  died  March  5,  1819, 
aged  52.  He  was  born  in  Sept.,  17CG,  and 
studied  medicine  with  his  father.  He  practised 
l)hysic  at  Newbcrn,  North  Carolina,  from  1787 
till  1807,  when  he  removed  to  the  city  of  New 
York,  where  ho  was  appointed  professor  of  medi- 
cine in  Columbia  college,  and  afterwards  jirofessor 
of  obstetrics  in  the  college  of  physicians  and  sur- 
geons. He  died  of  a  pulmonary  disorder  at  St. 
Croix.  He  had  a  taste  for  painting,  and  such 
skill  in  j)oetry  that  Barlow's  vision  of  Columbus 
was  submitted  to  him  and  Alsop  for  rtiisiou 
before  it  was  published.  —  Thuchtr. 

OSBORN,  Selleck,  a  poet,  died  at  Philadel- 
phia Oct.  1,  182C,  aged  43.  He  was  brouglit  up 
a  printer.  He  was  born  in  Trumbull,  Conn., 
and  conducted  a  paper  at  Litchfield,  about  1808, 
and  was  imjjrisoned  for  a  libel,  —  a  circumstance 
which  excited  much  symjjalhy  among  his  repub- 
lican friends.  He  afterwards  edited  a  pajjcr  in 
Boston,  and  the  American  Watchman  at  Wil- 
mington. Delaware.  He  published  a  volume  of 
poems,  Boston,  1823.  —  Spec,  of  Amer.  I'udry, 
II.  145. 

OSBORN,  Sylvester,  major,  died  in  Danvcrs 


OSDOUNK. 


OSGOOD. 


G25 


Oct.  2,  ISl.;,  n^cd  87.     He  wii.s  willi  G.   TostiT    lie  liolil  two  years,  wlicii  In.' was  Micci'cdcd  liyMr. 
ill  llie  I'll''!'-' "'  I'i'''i"t?t<>'>  i"  l""''-  I  I'kkering.     In    l*<lll    lie  was  NuperviNor  of  New 

OSltOJtNi;,  J.  ('  ,  Mrs.,  (lied  March  "t,  181!),  York,  and  in  1H(,.'!  .ipimiiited  iiavnl  odieer  lor  tlio 
a^'od  11.).  Her  111!:.! land  died  a  lew  years  before  |)ort  of  New  York,  where  he  died.  He  was  an 
Iter,  :iL,'cd  1 10. — •Iciini.vm.  t'liler    of  one    of 'he    chnrrhes    in    New    York. 

(),Sli()l..\,  or  Powell,  a  Seminole  Indian  ehief,  Thoiij,'li  he  eherislied  the  ho|)e  that  he  liecame 
died  of  a  diNease  of  the  throat  at  fort  Moultrie,  relij,'ious  at  the  ajje  of  lifteen,  yet  he  had  many 
near  C'hark'stoii,  Jan.  .'11,  is;js,  aj^cd  about  '6o.  days  of  doul)t  and  melaneholy,  and  sutl'ered  keen 
He  was  the  master  spirit  of  a  Ion};  and  desjjcratc  I  remorse  for  doiiif;  so  little  in  the  cause  of  his 
uar;  cool,  s-ubtle,  determined  in  his  hostility  to  Master.  He  ]niblished  a  work  on  chronology; 
the  whites,  he  had  a  wonderful  ascendency  over  ,  remarks  on  Daniel  and  Revelation;  a  letter  on 
the  Indians.  j  l",])iscoj)acy,  bSOT  ;  three  letters  on  dill'erent  sub- 

OSGOOD,  J()ii\,  died  at  Andover,  Mass.,  in  jects,  addressed  to  ,1.  H.  llomcyn,  J.  Osgood,  and 
1001,  a;;ed  5().     He  came  from  Andover,  Kiif^- I  A.  Armslronfi;. 

land;  was  admitted  freeman  at  Newbury  in  1030;  !      OSGOOD,    Jox.vin.w,    minister   of  Gardner, 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  church  at  An-    Mass.,  died  in  1M2],  a};ed  (JO,  in  the  twcntv-lirst 


dovcr  in  1015,  and  the  first  representative  in 
10.il.  He  had  .sons  John,  Stephen,  C'hristoj)hor, 
and  Thomas.  His  posterity  is  numerous.  Mary, 
the  wife  of  his  son  John,  wa.'.  accuseil  of  witch- 
craft in  10i)2,  and  it  was  only  by  confessing  the 
crime  that  she  saved  lier  life.  She  afterwards 
made  a  recantation.  Twenty-five  of  the  name  of 
Oliver  had  graduated  in  the  New  England  col- 
leges before  lai'U. 

OSGOOD,  J.\Jii:s,  minister  of  \A''enham,Mass., 
died  in  1740,  aged  about  41.  lie  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  17-4. 

OSGOOD,  Joiix,  minister  of  Midway,  Georgia, 
was  horn  in  Dorchester,  South  Carolina ;  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  college  in  173.'];  and  was  ordained 
at  Dorchester  March  24,  1730.  lie  followed  in 
1704  a  part  of  his  society  to  a  new  settlement, 
about  thirty  miles  from  Savannah,  called  Midway, 
where  he  rcmahied  till  his  death,  Aug.  2,  1773. 
lie  was  succeeded  by  Moses  Allen,  Abiel  Holmes 
from  Nov.,  1780,  to  June  21,  1791,  and  Cyrus 
Giiiklersleeve,  Dec.  14,  1791.  He  was  the  father, 
friend,  and  shepherd  of  his  flock,  and  by  them 
was  greatly  beloved  and  lamented. 

OSGOOD,  Joseph,  Dr.,  died  at  Andover, 
Mass.,  Jan.,  1797,  aged  78.  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1737,  and  was  an  eminent  physician, 
and  for  thirty  years  a  deacon  of  the  first  church. 
OSGOOD,  Sajiuix,  postmaster-general  of  the 
United  States,  died  Aug.  12,  1813,  aged  00.  He 
was  a  descendant  of  John  O.,  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  church  at  Andover  ui  Oct.,  1040 ;  was 
horn  in  Andover,  Mass.,  Feb.  14,  174H,  being  the 
son  of  Peter  O.  and  Sarah  Johnson  ;  and  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1770.  At  the 
beginning  of  the  Revolution  he  was  a  member 
of  the  board  of  war,  and  for  some  years  a  mem- 
ber of  the  legislatm-e.  In  1770  and  1770  he  was 
an  aid  to  Gen.  Ward.  In  1781  he  was  appointed 
a  member  of  Congress.  In  1780  the  congress 
appointed  him  first  commissioner  of  the  treasury. 
After  the  eommencement  of  our  ])resent  govern- 
ment, Washington  selected  him  in  1789  as  j)ost- 
master-general,  after  Mr,  Hazard ;  an  office  wliich 
79 


year  of  his   niiiiislry.      Horn  at  Westford,    he 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1789. 

OSGOOD,  David,    D.  D.,    minister  of  Mod- 
ford,  Mass.,  died  Dee.  12,  1822,  aged  74.     Uorn 
in  Andover,  he  was  the  son  of  Isaac  Osgood,  a 
))ious  farmer    in    the   southwestern   part   of  the 
town,  near  the  borders  of  Tewksbury,  at  whose 
house,  in  a  jilace  of  retirement,  James  Otis  was 
a  boarder,  when  at  the  door  a   Hash  of  lightning 
struck  him  dead.     This  ancient  house  now  stands. 
A  print  of  it  is  in  the  memoir  of  Otis  and  in  cyclo- 
puidia  of  American  literature.     Dr.  Osgood  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in   1771,  and  or- 
dained  Sept.    14,  1774.      His  miinstry  was  of 
nearly  fifty  years.     His  wife  was  Hannah  IJreed 
of  Charleslown.     lie  was  one  of  the  most  dis- 
tinguished preachers  of  Massachusetts.     His  style 
was  jierspicuous,  energetic,  and  elegant.     In  his 
delivery  he  was  accustomed  to  raise  his  voice  oc- 
casionally to  a  high  i)itch.    Those  who  heard  him 
l)reach,  may  remember  that   iio'v  and  then  he 
took  off   his  s])ectacles  and  laid   them  on   the 
cushion,  or  held  them  in  one  hand,  and  then  with 
an  altered  voice  he  would  say,  "  My  brethren," 
and  would  ])()ur  forth  elaborate  sentences  of  great 
energy   and  pathos.     Sometimes  he   committed 
whole  sermons  to  memory,  especially  on  public 
occasions.     With  great  care  he  wrote  out  all  his 
sermons.    His  best  ones  he  often  ])reached.    Once 
in  his  plainness  he  said  to  a  young  preacher : 
"  Y'ou  had  gotten  your  sermons  by  heart  j  I  do 
so  sometimes,  but  never  uidess  I  am  sure  I  have 
a  good  sermon,  worth  the  labor ;  yours  were  not 
worth  conmiitting."  His  prayers  were  also  studied ; 
and  some  of  them   he  committed  to   memory. 
'I'imothy  Iligelow  once  had  the  courage  to  ask 
him  the  congruity  of  the  imagery  in  the  sentence  : 
"Ride  forth,  king  Jesus,  triumphant  on  the  word 
of  truth ;  make  it  like  a  sword  to  ])ierce,  and  like 
a  hammer  to  break   in  pieces,  and  dissolve  the 
hard  and  stony  heart  into  godly  sorrow  for  sin." 
Once,  in  his  preaching  at  Cambridge,  he  gave  a 
home  thrust  to  President  Kirkland,  which  caused 
much  talk  among  the  students.    Having  quoted 


G26 


OSCiOOJ). 


some  tr.vts  tn  j)rove  tlio  ■'  "iiity  of  ChriHt,  he 
turned  i;>un(l  a\v\  lool, ■  a  to  i.e  left  wnli,  whore 
the  president  niul  some  prol'  sors  were  sittiiij,', 
and  siiid  with  cuergy,  "  Whv.:  will  our  Sociniaii 
brethren  :\y  to  this  ?  "  Oru ,  wlio  somctimeN 
heard  him  in  the  jmljiit,  remi  nibers  well  his  odd 
habit  of  looking  around  the  fong  regal  ion  while 
he  was  in  prayer.  A!lhou};h  he  wi ,  a  learned 
mn  and  a  laborious  writer,  yet  as  a  minister  he 
might  have  been  more  iisefii!  .'lud  he  lived  less  in 
his  study  and  mere  among  h'v  ijcojile,  whom  he 
seldom  visited.  It  nay  be  d(-i;l)ted  wiiether  his 
usefulness  ns  a  mini-!'  r  was  n-ii  impaired  by  the 
zeal  with  whieh  he  engaged  in  ihc  jjohtical  eon- 
troversies  of  his  day.  lie  was  :\  federalist  .1'  the 
Ilun-alton  school,  and  he  soniotimes  preaehcvi 
sermons  of  bitter  invective  against  v.'.vn  of  diil'.-i-- 
ent  politics.  Quotations  I'iom  thuni  are  given 
by  Mr.  Carey  in  his  olive  hi  urU.  lie  pub- 
lished a  sermon  at  the  installation  of  P.  Thacher, 
1785;  at  the  artillery  election,  17SS';  at  the 
thanksgiving,  17Sy,  17'.' I,  and  February  and  No- 
T^mber,  i7fi'> :  on  the  .icath  of  a  child,  1797  ;  of 
Wa.slui  ,t  ;ii  ISOO;  of  J.  Koby,  ISO,'};  at  the 
fast,  ami  ri7iivep!..''in,  1798  j  the  de^il  let  loose, 
etc.,  a  fact  s -riuf/i,  J  799;  nf  ihe  ordination  of 
Leonard  Woo^U,  laQi) ;  of  C.  Francis,  1819;  at 
the  Dudleiaii  '-(.^  ,.r v,  1802  ;  ihe  validity  of  bap- 
tism by  spr!i'):lii(,,  and  th(  riglit  of  infants,  etc., 
1804;  Ol  tiiu  election,  18(rJ  ;  a  discourse  at  Cam- 
bridge, in  the  hearing  of  the  university,  1810; 
solemn  protect  against  the  declaration  of  war, 
1812.  A  volume  of  bis  sermons  was  published, 
8  •).,  1824.  —  Spragnc's  Annuls. 

Oi^GOOD,  Gkougi;,  Dr.,  died  at  Andover, 
Mass.,  in  1823,  aged  Co. 

OSGOOD,  Emory,  a  Baptist  minister,  died  at 
Utica,  Sept.  12,  1824,  aged  47.  He  was  superin- 
tendent of  the  Oneida  mission,  and  had  been 
pastor  of  Henderson  in  Jefferson  county. 

OSGOOD,  Frances  S.,  the  wife  of  S.  S.  Os- 
good, a  i)ninter,  died  at  Ilingham,  Mass.,  !May 
12,  1850,  aged  about  38.  ller  father,  Joseph 
Locke,  was  a  merchant  of  Boston.  She  early 
wrote  poetry  with  the  signature  of  Florence. 
Being  in  England  with  licv  husband,  she  pub- 
lished in  London  a  wreath  of  wild  flowers  from 
New  England,  1839;  and  the  happy  release,  a 
play.  She  edited  at  New  York  in  1841  the 
poetry  of  flowers ;  and  in  1847  the  floral  offering. 
She  died  of  the  consumption.  —  Cycl.  of  Amer. 
Literature. 

OSGOOD,  TiiADnicr.s,  died  ut  Glasgow,  Scot- 
land, Jan.  19,  1852,  aged  about  70.  Born  in 
Methuen,  Mas:*.,  he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in 
1803,  and  began  the  study  of  theology  with  Dr. 
Lathvo])  of  AVcst  Springftelck  He  began  to 
preach  in  1<'!04.  An  invitation  to  settle  was  de- 
clined, and  he  chose  to  act  as  a  missionary  in 
New  York   and  Canada.     In   1812   he  went  to 


OTIS. 

England,  and  for  the  support  of  a  school  In 
Quebec  collected  9,000  dollars,  which  was  ]ilacrd 
in  the  hands  of  a  committee.  He  fitted  u])  thf 
old  theatre,  in  which  two  hundred  boys  were 
taught  to  read  extracts  from  the  bilde.  The 
Catholics  and  I'i])isco]ialians  also  set  u])  schools, 
which  have  ever  since  been  continued.  In  1825 
he  went  to  England  and  collected  5,000  dollars 
for  a  society  to  promote  fducati'.in  and  industry. 
In  1837  he  cau'n.d  n  liocii.?}  to  bo  fr , '  ivd  in 
Canada  tosupp'y  bible:  Iv'srumen  and  cii?i;;n\nts, 
and  to  aid  in  edurat;'.:  .  He  toiled  t!..oiigh 
life  as  a  preache.,  a  distrdnitor  of  trai ':'.  i;  d  a 
:  foundit  of  Sabl:;;;li  •:chn:''.3  IX.  O.  l::i'::  v  ine 
skill  in  controvcisy.  lie  onte  attendt.ii  J'  ,l,crt 
j  Owen's  I'ifidcl  nii  ting  in  London,  vviili  liiicrfy 
I  himself  to  speak,  ile  said  to  him.  "You  deny 
ae  future,  and  you  cut  yourself  off  from  the  lian- 
])iness  derived  frof.j  the  anticipation  of  '■'ilure 
good."  --"  No."  replied  Ower .  "  J  be'  eve  Vi  Uter 
V  ill  c\;st."- ■"  Ai:<i  so,"  returned  .Mr.  Osgood, 
"  your  hajiiiiiiess  is  to  li;];o  that  a  chd  of  clay, 
called  i  I  obi  it  Owen,  will  ris-.  •;  as  u  jroose,  a 
jaekasr,  or  n  cal-bage-li :  ud." 

OSOOIT,  ZaCIIajiy,  an  Indian  preacher  at  Gay 
Head,  Marthas  Vineyard,  was  one  of  the  Indian 
ministers  on  the  island,  when  certain  commis- 
sioners visited  Mashpee  in  1707.  He  pi'eaclicd 
before  them  at  Mashpee,  being  there  agreeably 
to  a  good  annual  custom  of  a  meeting  for  com- 
munion of  ilo  island  and  continental  Indians. 
Solomon  Bn  unt,  the  pastor,  prayed  ;  both  ])er- 
forming  "widi  apparent  solemnity  and  devotion." 

OSSON,  an  J  udian  chief  on  the  Penobscot,  suc- 
ceeded Tomer,  who  followed  Orono,  and  died 
about  1775,  aged  about  100.  He  was  wise  and 
influential.  The  government  of  Massachusetts 
made  him  a  justice  of  the  peace. 

OSTKANDEIL  Daniel,  died  at  Plattskill, 
New  York,  in  1843,  quite  aged  ;  a  Methodist  min- 
ister, who  had  completed  the  fiftieth  year  of  his 
ministry. 

OTIS,  Richard,  of  Dover,  N.  II.,  was  killed 
by  the  Indians  with  Major  ^''aldron,  June  27, 
1G89.  His  descendants  remain  in  New  Hamp- 
shire. 

OTIS,  John,  colonel  and  judge,  died  Sept. 
23,  1727,  aged  70.  He  was  born  at  Ilingham, 
Mass.,  in  1657,  and  was  the  e' "  son  of  Juln 
O.,  w'.o  lived  in  Hingham  in  10  ,  and  removed 
about  1602  to  Seituatc,  where  he  died  in  l(i,S4, 
aged  64.  His  father's  name  was  also  John,  who 
was  born  in  Barnstable,  England,  in  1581,  emi- 
grated with  Hobart  to  Hingham  in  1035  and 
lived  at  Otis'  Hill,  and  died  at  Weymouth  in 
1657,  aged  76.  He  settled,  when  a  young  man, 
in  Barnstable,  of  which  town  he  was  for  twenty 
years  the  rei)rescntative.  He  was  a  councillor 
from  1706  for  twentj-one  years,  and  was  also  for 
many  years  commander  of  the  militia  of  Barti- 


OTIS. 


OTIS. 


«i'J7 


8tal)lc  county,  fhioT  ju><ticc  of  the  court  of  com- '  son   finys,  that  the  rcfciciicc  is  to  Col.  Otis;  hut 


niou  picas,  and  jiul^''  <>f  ])r()!iati'.  Jo.scpli  ()., 
justice  "I'  ])caco  at  I'lynioulh  in  17I7,  was  per- 
haps liis  hrothcr.  His  sou  John,  a  representa- 
tive' of  liarustalilo  anil  ;neniher  of  tiie  council 
from  1717  till  his  death,  died  in  May,  17ij8. 
Col.  Otis  had  line  talent  <,  tlic  po\v?r  of  wit  and  i  rciiK.ved  to  W 
humor,  and  an  intinuite  knowledfje  of  mankind,    tinction.     His 


He  was  also  an  eminent  Christian,  strict  and  ex- 
emplary in  the  jierformaucc  of  religious  duties. 
_  Kliot. 
OTIS,  Joseph,  died  in  New  London  in  1751, 


this  is  ascriliiiif;  a  f^reat  ilenl  to  one  family.  Wiien 
ciiosen  a  councillor,  he  was  rc]ieutedly  rejected 
hy  the  f,'ovcrnor.  His  wife  was  Mary  Allyue  of 
Wetherslield,  Conn.,  a  native  of  1'1\  month,  the 
(luuf,'hter  of  Joseph  Allyne  and  Mary  l)oten,  who 
His  three  sons  Here  men  of  dis- 
married    (Jen.    James 


daughter 


M'arren. 

OTIS,  J.\Mi:.s,  n  distinguished  ])atriot  nnd 
statesman,  the  son  of  the  jjreceding,  died  May 
2.'},   178(5,   aged    oH.      He   was   horn    at   (Irent 


n"cd  90.  He  was  of  the  second  church  under  Marshes,  or  West  Uarnstahle,  Feh.  ">,  1725,  and 
Mr.  llillhouse.  When  the  mccting-housc  was  I  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  17-13.  After 
built,  he  was  the  owner  of  one  of  the  four  jjcws  ;  pursuing  the  study  of  the  law  under  Mr.  Gridley, 


of  the  highest  honor ;  which  were  on  each  side 
of  the  puli)it  and  of  the  o])posito  door.  He 
ca:no  from  Scituate  and  lived  in  the  north  parish, 
where  he  owned  a  large  (juantity  of  land.  —  Misn 
CauUcins'  Hint,  of  New  London. 

OTIS,  Jamks,  colonel    and   judge,    died    in 
Nov.,  1778.    He  was  the  son  of  Colonel  John. 


the  first  lawyer  and  civilian  of  his  time,  at  the 
age  of  twenty-one  he  began  the  practice  at  I'ly- 
niouth.  In  about  two  years  he  removed  from 
this  town  to  IJostoii,  where  ho  soon  gaii"  d  so 
high  a  reputation  f(u-  integrity  and  talents,  that 
his  services  were  recpiircd  in  the  most  iniimrtnnt 
causes,     ll  will  he  seen,  under  the  account  of  his 


Without  the  advantages  of  a  collegiate  education,  I  father,  that  Mr.  Ilutclunson  ascribes  his  zeal  for 
he  yet  was  distinguished  for  his  intellectual  pow- i  colonial  rights  to  rcsenlnient.  Dr.  Eliot  also 
crs  and  his  knowledge  of  law.  Gov.  Shirley  says,  that  in  177.'i  lie  heard  Judge  Trowbrjdgc 
jiromiscd  him,  that,  u]ion  a  Tacancy  in  the  supe- ,  remark,  that  Mr.  Olis,  in  his  resentment,  luid 
rior  court,  ho  sliould  be  appointed  judge;  but    said,  "Tluit  he  would  set  the  ])roviiice  in  (lames, 


if  ho  perished  by  the  lire ;  "  and  he  doubted  not 
the  war  would  have  been  delayed  for  years,  if 
Mr.  Hutchinson  had  not  been  appointed  chief 
justice.  I5ut,  allowing  the  resentment  at  the 
time,  one  would  think  the  accommodation  of  the 
father  as  to  oflicc  was  pretty  ample.  Besides, 
new  questions  had  sprung  up,  and  the  force  of 
circumstances  would  easily  render  sucli  a  mind 


he  did  not  fuKil  his  promise.  On  the  death  of 
the  Cliief  Justice  Sewail  in  1700,  Col.  Otis,  then 
s])ea!;er  of  the  house,  aiijilicd  to  Gov.  liernard 
for  the  appointment  oi'  associate  judge,  and  his 
son,  James,  seconded  the  recpiost.  l$ut  Mr. 
Hutchinson  was  nominated.  To  this  disaj)i)oinl- 
mcnt  Mr.  Ilutcliinson  attributes  the  flaming 
patriotism  of  the  father  and  the  son.     He  says  : 

'•  From  this  time  they  were  at  the  head  of  every  [  as  that  of  James  Otis  earnest  in  the  defence  of 
measure  in  opjiosition.  From  so  small  a  spark  the  rights  of  the  colony.  In  1701  ho  distin- 
a  groat  fire  seems  to  have  bwn  kindled."  In  i  guisb.ed  himself  by  pleading  against  the  writs  of 
order  to  conciliate  tliis  family,  Gov.  IJernard,  as,  as.sistance,  which  the  officers  of  the  customs  had 
bv  the  demise  of  the  king  in  1700,  all  civil  and  I  applied  for  to  the  judges  of  the  supreme  court, 
military  otHces  must  be  renewed,  proposed  to  j  His  aulagoiiist  was  Mr.  Gridley.  Of  his  speech 
Col.  Otis  to  give  him  the  princijjal  offices  in  die  j  John  Adams  said  :  '•  Otis  was  a  flame  of  fire  ; 
county  of  Uarnstiible,  with  the  right  of  nominat-  j  with  a  promptitude  of  classical  allusions,  a  depth 
ing  many  of  his  rel;itious  and  friends.  Accord-  of  research,  a  rapid  .  nmmary  of  historical  events 
ingly  Col.  Otis  was  ai)[)olnted  chief  justice  of  the  [  and  dates,  a  profusion  of  legal  authorities,  a  pro- 
county  court  and  judge  of  probate.     Soon  after-    phetie  glance  of  his  eyes   into  futurity,   and  a 


wards  Mr.  Otis,  the  son,  supiwrtcd  the  grant  of 
the  island  of  Mount  IVsort  to  the  governor.     It 


rapid  torrent  of  impetuous  eloquence,  he  lun-ricd 
away   all   before  him.     American   independence 


seem--,  however,  that  the  reconciliation  was  not ;  was  then  and  ihere  born.  Every  man  of  an  Ira- 
of  long  continuance.  Col.  Olis  maintained  the  nionse  crowded  audience  appeared  to  me  to  go 
rights  of  the  colonies ;  and  the  goveri\or,  in  his  i  away,  as   1  iXkl.   ready  to  take  u])  arms  against 


spc(  "ll  in  1700,  asks  :  "  Shall  this  fine  country 
be  ruined,  because  every  jiirson  in  the  g<>\orn- 
mont  has  not  bw>n  gratified  with  honors  or  offices 


writs  of  assistance."  Judgment  was  suspended 
in  order  to  get  information  from  England  ;  at 
tlu!  next  term  writs  were  ordered  to  be  issued  on 


accordiag  to  the  full  of  his  ijielensions  ?  Shall  1  applicati(jn  to  the  cLicl' justice  by  the  surveyor- 
thc  priviUe  interests,  jiassioiis,  or  resentments  of  ;  general  of  the  customs.  Yet  the)  were  never 
a  ('e*  men  deprive  this  whole  jieople  of  the  great  ,  executed.  He  was,  in  this  or  the  following  year, 
a«*«  manifold  advantages  which  the  favor  and  in- 1  chosen  a  member  of  the  legiilature,  in  which 
diil:{euce  of  their  sovereign  and  his  iiarliainenl ;  body  the  powers  of  his  eloquence,  the  keenness 
ttie  even  now  providing  for  them  ?  "    Hutchin- 1  of  his  wit,  the  force  of  his  argiinicats,  an'4  ve- 


628 


OTIS. 


OTIS. 


nourcen  of  his  intcllpct  Rave  him  a  most  com- 
manding iiifhicnce.  Whi-n  the  nrUitrary  cliiiins 
of  Great  liritaiii  were  advanced,  iio  warmly  en- 
gaged in  defence  of  flie  colonies,  and  was  the 
flrnt  cliam])ion  of  .\meriean  freedom,  who  had 
the  courage  to  affix  \m  name  to  a  i)roduction 
that  stood  forth  against  the  pretenNions  of  the 
parent  State.  lie  was  a  member  of  the  coii^'icss 
which  was  held  at  New  York  in  1  "(>.<,  in  which 
year  his  rights  of  the  colonies  vindicated,  a 
j)amphlet,  occasioned  hy  the  stamp  act,  and  which 
was  considered  as  a  masterpiece  hoth  of  good 
writing  and  of  argument,  was  ])ul)lislied  in  Lon- 
don. For  the  boldness  of  his  opinions  he  was 
threatened  with  nn  arrest ;  yet  he  conthuied  to 
support  the  rights  of  his  fellow  citizens.  lie 
resigned  the  office  of  judge  advocate  in  1707, 
and  rei«)unce(l  all  employment  under  an  admin- 
istration which  had  encroached  upon  the  liherties 
of  liis  country.  His  warm  ])assionN  sometimes 
betrayed  him  into  inigiiarded  epithets,  that  gave 
his  enemies  an  advantage,  withinit  lienedt  to  the 
cause  which  lay  nearest  his  heart.  Being  vilified 
in  the  public  papcis,  he  in  return  published  some 
sevqre  strictures  on  the  conduct  of  the  commis- 
Bioncrs  of  the  customs,  and  others  of  the  minis- 
terial jiarty. 

A  short  time  afterwards,  on  the  evening  of 
Sept.  6,  17C9,  he  met  John  Robinson,  one  of  the 
commissioners,  in  a  ])ublic  room,  and  an  affrny 
followed,  in  which  he  was  assaulted  by  a  ninnber 
of  ruffians,  who  left  him  and  a  young  gentleman, 
who  interposed  in  liis  defence,  covered  with 
wounds.  The  wounds  were  not  mortal ;  but  his 
usefulness  was  destroyed,  for  his  reason  was 
shaken  from  its  throne,  and  the  great  man  in 
ruins  lived  several  years  the  grief  of  his  friends. 
In  an  interval  of  his  reason  he  forgave  the  men 
who  had  done  him  an  irreparable  injury,  and  re- 
linquished the  sum  of  2000  pounds  which  Mr. 
Robinson  had  been  by  a  civil  process  adjudged  to 
pay,  on  liis  signing  a  humble  acknowledgment. 
He  lived  to  see,  but  not  fully  to  enjoy,  the  inde- 
pendence of  America,  an  event  towards  which  his 
efforts  had  greatly  contributed.  At  length,  as  he 
was  leaning  on  his  cane  at  the  door  of  Mr.  Isaac 
Osgood's  liouse  in  Andover,  he  was  struck  by  a 
flash  of  lightning;  his  soul  was  instantly  liberated 
from  its  shattered  tenement,  and  sent  into  eter- 
nity. His  wife  was  lluth  Cunningham  of  Boston. 
President  Adams,  then  minister  in  France,  wrote 
respecting  him  :  "  It  was  with  very  afflicting  sen- 
timents I  learned  the  deatli  of  Mr.  Otis,  my 
worthy  master.  Extraordinary  in  death  as  in 
life,  he  has  left  a  character  that  will  never  die, 
while  the  memory  of  the  American  Revolution 
remains ;  whose  foundation  he  laid  with  an  en- 
ergy and  with  those  masterly  abilities  which  no 
other  man  jiossessed."  He  was  highly  distin- 
guished by  genius,  eloquence,  and  learning,  and 


no  American  perhaps  had  possessed  more  exten- 
sive information.  Besides  his  legal  and  political 
know  ledge,  he  was  a  complete  master  of  cliissicil 
literature.  He  ])ubiislicd  rudiments  of  F,atiii 
prosody,  with  a  dissertation  on  letters,  and  tho 
power  of  harmony  in  jjrosaic  compositicm,  I'Jnio., 
17(i(),  whicli  has  been  considered  the  most  clcivr 
and  most  masterly  treatise  on  the  suiiject ;  vindi- 
cation of  the  conduct  of  the  house  of  representa- 
tives of  Massachusetts  in  17(>'J;  the  rights  of  the 
British  colonies  asserted,  1701;  considerations 
on  liehalf  of  the  colonists,  170i).  His  life  liv 
William  Tudor  was  ])ul)lished,  8vo.,  IH'JIJ. —  War- 
ren, I.  47,  83-89 ;  Monthly  Antliolugy,  v.  l'l'L' 
21>6. 

OTIS,  JosKPn,  general,  brother  of  the  pre- 
ceding, a  Revolutionary  patriot,  died  Sept.  23, 
1810,  uged  82.  He  was  Imrn  in  1728,  and  was 
for  many  years  a  clerk  of  the  court  of  conini<in 
pleas,  a  inemlier  of  the  legislature,  and  Iirigiidicr- 
general  of  the  militia.  Washington  a])j)oini((| 
him  collector  for  the  district  of  Barnstaljle,  an 
office  which  he  held  lor  many  years.  His  rcM- 
dence  was  at  the  parish  of  JIarnslalile,  eallcil 
Great  Marshes.  He  died  in  the  jieace  of  the 
Christian,  leaving  ftmr  sons  and  two  daughters. 
His  daughter  Maria,  wile  of  Rev.  I'liili])  Colhy 
of  Middleborongh,  a  ludy  of  many  attui.clioiis 
and  accomiiHshments  and  eminent  ]iiety,  died 
May  20,  1821,  aged  33.  His  son  William,  cleik 
in  the  land  office  at  AVashington,  died  in  1K,'J7, 
aged  i33.  His  son  John,  collector  at  BarnstaMc, 
died  in  1834,  aged  80. 

OTIS,  S.iMiEL  Ali.yne,  secretary  of  the  sen- 
ate of  the  United  States,  brother  of  the  picml- 
ing,  died  A])ril  22,  1814,  aged  73.  lie  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1759,  and  settled 
as  a  merchant  in  Boston.  In  1770  lie  was  chosen 
a  rejiresentalivc,  and  afterwards  was  a  nicml  (r 
of  the  convention  which  framed  the  conslitiitiim 
of  Massachusetts.  He  was  also  n  memi'er  of  tlie 
board  of  war.  In  T787  he  was  one  of  the  com- 
missioners to  negjtiatc  with  the  insurgents.  In 
1788  he  was  elected  a  member  of  congress,  aiKJ, 
after  the  adoption  of  the  constitution,  secretary 
of  the  senate,  an  office  which  he  held,  amidi  t  tlie 
collision  of  parties,  with  exemplary  fidelity  and 
amenity  of  manners,  without  the  absence  of  one 
day,  more  than  tliirty  years,  till  his  death  at 
Washington.  His  first  wife  was  the  daughter  of 
Harrison  Gray,  treasurer  of  ^lassocliu.'-etts;  liis 
second  was  the  widow  of  Edward  (iray.  His 
son,  Samuel  Allyne  Otis,  died  at  Xewburyjjort  in 
1814,  aged  44.  Another  son  was  Harrison  Gray 
Otis  of  Boston. 

OTIS,  George,  died  in  1828,  aged  al;out  liS. 
He  graduated  at  Harvard  in  18!o,  and  was  tutor 
and  professor  of  Latin.  He  was  an  Ejjiscojal 
preacher.  He  published  perfect  ibility;  address 
to  humane  society  nt  Xewburyport,  1818;  sermon 


OTIS. 


OVKUnAUGIT. 


C29 


(It  r,inil)il(ls''  nt  tlic  ro-opcniriR  of  tlio  Fpiscopal  I  bnlrhfts,  ciplit   liois,  twenty  knivrs,  four  moo«e 
cIiiiitIi,  IS2(1.  Ukins,  lind    ten  \!ii(ln  mid  ii   lialf  of  cotton.     Ilin 

O'l'lS,  {<.\t.KX,  I<r.,Ji(Mliit  Woolwii.h,  Ml'.,  Aug.    niark  was  |iossil)ly  Intcndrd  to  rfpri-xcii*  ;\  fihh. 
10,  1h:!(),  a-fid  7:1.  OL'TKIN,  N'.\N(  Y  ('.,  Mrs.,  died  in  (llourcstcr, 

()'\']^.  ('(  siiiN<i.  M.  1)..  difd  at  South  Scittmte    Mohs.,  in   ISl-l,  nj{rd  o  ,  a  lady  of  dislinf;uihlii'd 
ill  IS.'J",  a;;cd  alioiit  7(1.     He   j;iaduati'd  at  liar- '  talent,  of  piety,  li<'lievolence,  and  n^eful:l^^H.     A 
yard  in  17s;);  and  was  niuch  icsiiected  as  a  miui 
niid  a  pliysician. 


OTIS,  Isaac,  caiitain,  died  at  Oli.svi'.le,  N.  7., 
ill  IHIJM,  a;^cd  S7.  Horn  in  Massncliu-settH,  ho 
served  in  t!ie  war  of  the  Uevohilion  five  years 


sermon  deseriliiti},'  her  charaeler  was   jmlilished, 
wliicli  was   ])rea(  lied  hy   Dr.    Dana  of  Newlinry- 


port,  before  tile  Ciloueester  female  foeiely  for  pro- 
moting; Christian  kno\vled};e.  Accordinj^f  to  him, 
she  liad  a  mind  of  th(  first  order,  richlj  endowed 
with  liifjlily  polished  manners,  and  bowed  most 
hninbly  at  the  foot  of  the  cross,  :,iid  toilinj;  un- 
weaiied  for  tlie  |)('(ir,  the  i};norant,  the  wretelied, 
carrjini;  to  them,  as  far  as  po.  ihle,  tiie  means  of 
Ciore.      He  was  a  member  of  conf^ross  in  |  knowledf^e  and  comfort,  so  that  as  she  departed 

17!)7  and  for  ei^'lit  years,  and  in  Massachnsetts 

was  the  sjieaker  of  the  house,  and  the  president 

of  the  senate;  he  was  also  judRu  and   mayor  of 


OTIS,  IIaukison  (iiiAY,  died  at  liostoii  Oct. 
•JH,  IHIS,  af^ed  S.'J.  The  son  of  Samuel  Allyne 
Otis,  he  was  };radnated  in  17h;5.  In  politics  lie 
was  associated  with  Ames,  Lowell,  Parsons,  Cabot, 
and 


many  were  ready  to  exclaim : 

Ilnw  blpKiiinKA  brlgtiton  aa  tliey  take  thfir  fligtit! ' 


t!ie  citv.  Of  the  Hartford  convention  ho  was  a 
member.  From  1S17  to  IH'2'2  he  was  a  senator 
of  ilie  United  States.  For  the  last  twenty  years 
he  lived  retired.  For  a  graceful  eloquence  he 
was  uiieqiuilled,  as  well  as  for  the  interest  of  his 
c;i-.iversation.  His  wife  was  Sally,  the  daughter 
of  William  Foster,  a  merchant.  Ho  had  eleven 
children  :  nin<ing  them  Sophia  Harrison,  who 
married  .Andrew  Uitchie  ;  AVilliam  I'oster,  a  grnd- 
iiite  of  lN-1  ;  Hiid  .Vllyne,  a  graduate  of  1825. 
lie  ))iibli:  lied  oration  July  I,  1788;  ktcer  to  W. 
llealli,  17'JH;  eulogy  on  Hamilton,  1801  ;  speech 
on  restricting  slavery  in  Missouri,  1820;  on  the 
sedition  law;  letters  in  defence  of  the  Hartford 
convention,  1824;  address  hi  Boston;  speech  in 
l),)..ton,  l.'!,'JO. 

(Vl'IS,  JosKrii,  died  at  Norwich,  Conn.,  March 
11,  18,31,  aged  85.  He  had  lived  many  years  in 
New  Yorl.,  and  was  a  man  of  great  excellence  of 
cluiract.er  and  eminent  piety.  Among  his  bene- 
fao.ions  to  the  church  and  people  with  which  he 
was  connected  in  Norwich,  is  a  beautiful  library 
building,  well  filled  with  valuable  books,  also 
given  by  him.  lie  also  bequeathed  3750  dollars 
to  llie  free  academy  in  Norwich. 

OITERIJIXE,  WiLLLVM,  died  at  Baltimore 
Nov.,  1813,  aged  89.  lie  was  sixty  years  a  min- 
ister, forty  years  at  Baltimore. 

OTTO,  John  C,  died  at  Philadelphia  June  30, 
1815,  aged  70;    clinical  lecturer  in  the  Phila- 


Such  an  example  may  do  great  good  years  a*^e . 
her  departure.  What  dazzling  jirincess,  shining 
only  in  the  outward  s])lendors  of  a  court,  can 
licar  any  comparison  with  her?  What  treasures 
are  given  us  in  many  hundreds  of  such  excellent 
women,  scattered  through  our  towns  and  villages? 
OVANIJO,  Don  Nicoi.a.s  di:,  governor  of  His- 
paniola,  was  chosen  in  1501  to  succeed  Bobadilla, 
whose  hunger  for  gold  had  caused  the  greatest 
miseries  and  disorders  in  the  island,  lie  arrived 
in  A])ril,  1502.  In  June  he  refused  to  afford  a 
shelter  to  the  squadron  of  Columbus  in  the  har- 
bor, and  afterwards  treated  him  with  great  neg- 
lect when  he  was  in  distress  in  Jamaica.  Under 
the  color  of  hiring  the  natives  to  labor,  with  the 
benevolent  design  also  of  teaching  them  Chris- 
tianity, the  chiefs  were  ordered  to  furnish  a  cer- 
tain number  of  natives  for  six  or  eight  months, 
who  were  subjected  to  severe  toil,  under  the  lash, 
with  scanty  food,  and  with  no  teaching  but  the 
ceremony  of  bui)tism.  The  indignant  Indians, 
who  fled  to  the  mountains,  were  hunted  like  wild 
beasts.  Such  was  "^-ando's  method  of  promoting 
Christianity !  He  was  indeed  an  unprineii)led 
tyrant,  greedy  after  lucre,  and  his  name  is  infa- 
mous. Once  he  seized  treacherously  several  of 
the  caciques  of  Anacaona,  and,  after  torturing 
them,  set  fire  to  the  house  and  consumed  them, 
and  then  sent  the  princess,  Anacaona,  in  chains  to 
San  Domingo,  and  caused  her  to  be  hung.  His 
various   atrocities  and   horrible   cruellies  cannot 


dclphia  hospital.      For   his   skill,  philanthropy, 

and  pure  character,  he  enjoyed  the  confidence  of  |  here  be  described.     Yet  such  is  the  man  whom 

his  fellow  citizens  for  half  a  century.     He  was  the    the  Spanish  represent  as  an  enemy  to  avarice  and 


sou  of  Dr.  Bodo  Otto,  an  eminent  physician  of 
New  Jersey,  and  an  officer  in  the  llevolutionary 
army. 

OUSAMEQUIN,  one  of  the  names  of  Jlassas- 
soit,  the  sachem  of  Packonokik,  or  Pocanaukett, 
or  Bristol.  His  deed,  to  Myles  Standish  and 
others  of  Bridgewater,  is  dated  March  23,  1649, 
giving  seven  miles  square  for  seven  coats,  nine 


venerable  for  his  regard  to  justice.  It  is  no  won- 
der th  It  the  curses  of  Heaven  have  des^cendcd  on 
the  Spanish  empire,  chargeable  with  the  blood 
by  which  the  new  world  was  drenched.  He  was 
superseded  by  Don  Diego  Columbus  in  1509,  but 
was  permitted  to  retain  his  wealth,  which  he 
wrung  from  the  natives.  —  Jrvinr/'d  Cohunbus. 
OVEUBAUGH,  Peter,  died  at  Pouglikeep.sie, 


630 


OVIEDO. 


PACK  Am ). 


1 


N.  Y.,  in  1S42,  for  mnny  yparn  tho  rrsportrd  pn*- 
tor  of  tlie  lU'l'ormcd  l)iili'li  cluircli  of  I'Muthusli. 

OVIKJM),  (JoN/Ai.o  I''K.UNASiir.z  i)i;,  liisimio- 
graphcr  of  tlir  Iiulios,  was  l«)rii  in  Madrid  in 
1478;  in  1.51.'J  lie  was  hoiU  out  to  tlii'  new  world 
to  RU])(>rinten(l  the  gold  fouiidcrios,  niid  was  alciiid 
of  the  fortrt'i.  of  St.  Domitigo  in  lO.'l.O;  and  died 
at  Valladolid  ii>  15o7.  nfft-d  70.  lie  lind  lived 
thirty-four  yonrH  in  the  colonio.s.  He  jxililishcd  a 
chronicle  of  the  IndicH,  in  fifty  hook.s,  1, <.'),<  and 
1647.  A  jiart  of  the  work  in  yet  unpul)li.shcd.  — 
Jrviiif/'s  Columbus, 

OWAXKCO,  or  Ncco,  nn  Indian  sachem,  tlic 
son  and  HucccHHor  of  UncnH,  died  in  1710.  He 
with  liis  father  Ni^rned,  June  (i,  IGJO,  a  deed  of 
the  town  of  Norwich,  Conn.,  nine  miles  square, 
for  70  pounds  in  money.  His  mark  was  tlie 
figure  of  a  bird.  He  also  sipicd  a  deed  of  the 
use  of  certain  lands  to  the  Mohcgans,  March  0, 
IQQ'i-A.     Cesar  and  Ben  Uncas  were  his  sons. 

OWEN,  Griffith,  nn  eminent  physician  of 
Philadelphia,  died  in  1717.  He  was  among  the 
early  settlers,  and  a  Quaker  ond  preacher  highly 
esteemed.  He  held  several  stations  in  the  civil 
department.  —  Proud,  II.  09. 

OWEN,  John,  minister  of  Oroton,  Conn.,  suc- 
cessor of  E.  Woodhridge,  died  June  14,  175;}, 
aged  54.  Born  in  Braintree,  he  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1723,  and  was  ordained  in  1727.  His 
first  wife  was  Anna  Alorgan ;  his  second,  the 
widow  of  Rev.  J.  Hillhouse.  His  only  son  was 
the  teacher  of  the  grammar  school  of  New  Lon- 
don, and  town  clerk ;  but  has  no  memorial  stone. 
His  gravestone  remains  at  Pequonnuck,  with  the 
good  words, 

•<  God's  faithful  Seer." 

He  was  a  man  of  a  liberal  mind,  an  advocate  of 
toleration. —  Miss  Caulkins'  History  of  New 
London. 

OWEN,  Abraham,  colonel,  aid  to  Gen.  Har- 
rison, was  killed  in  battle  with  the  Indians,  near 
the  Prophet's  town,  on  the  Wabash,  Nov.  7,  1811. 
The  killed,  and  those  who  died  of  their  wounds 
received  at  Tippecanoe,  were  sixty-two  in  number. 

OWEN,  IXUMKL,  died  at  Gloucester,  II.  I.,  in 
1812,  aged  81.     He  had  been  lieutenant-governor. 

OWEN,  John,  governor  of  North  Carolina  in 
1830  and  1831,  died  nt  Pittsborough  in  1841, 
greatly  respected  for  his  talents  and  worth. 

OWENS,  John,  lUed  at  Carroll,  X.  Y.,  Feb. 
24,  1843,  aged  107 ;  a  soldier  in  the  French  and 
Revolutionary  wars. 

OXENUIUUGE,  John,  minister  in  Boston, 
died  Dec.  28,  1074,  aged  0.<.  lie  was  born  in 
England  Jan.  30,  1009,  and  was  educated  ;u  0.\- 
ford,  where  he  was  for  some  time  a  tutor.  Be- 
coming a  preacher,  soon  after  the  year  1034  he 
went  to  Bermuda,  and  took  the  charge  of  a  church. 
In  1641  or  1042  he  returned  to  England,  and 


was  fellow  of  Eaton  college.  In  \M2  he  was 
induced,  in  '•onse(|iien<e  of  llie  ucl  of  unilorniiu, 
to  go  to  Surinam  and  thence  to  lliirbiidoes.  ||c 
eain<'  to  New  I'.nj,'land  in  KKiK,  and  was  sen  led 
jiastor  of  the  first  church  as  colleague  with  Mr. 
Allen,  Ajiril  10,  I07((.  lie  was  a  celeliratid 
divine,  and  one  of  the  most  |)opnlar  pn-achers  of 
his  time.  He  piil>lished  a  double  watchword,  or 
the  duty  of  watching  and  watching  in  duty,  10(11  ; 
a  jiroposition  for  pr()|)agaling  the  gospel  liv 
Christian  colonies  in  the  continent  of  (iiiianaj 
election  sermon,  1071;  seasonable  seeking  of 
God.—  Wood'.'i  Ath.  Oi-nn.,  II.  .WO,  537 ;  Maj- 
nulia,  III.  321  i  Sprat/He's  Annals. 

PACA,  Wii,l,lA.M,  governor  of  Maryland,  died 
in  1799,  aged  59.  He  was  the  son  of  John  P.,  a 
gentleman  of  large  estate  in  Harford  eouiilv, 
was  born  Oct.  31,  1740.  Having  been  educated 
at  the  college  of  Philadelphia,  he  practised  law 
at  Ainiapolis.  He  was  a])pointed  a  menil)er  of 
congress  with  Samuel  Chase  in  1774,  and  con- 
tiimed  in  that  body  till  the  close  of  177H.  Ho 
signed  the  Declaration  of  Indei)endencp.  From 
1778  to  1780  he  was  chief  justice  of  Moryland; 
then  chief  judge  of  the  court  of  ajipeals  in  ad- 
miralty cases;  he  was  governor  in  1782,  and 
again  in  1780;  in  1789  he  was  appointed  the 
judge  of  the  district  court  of  the  United  folates. 
J 'is  first  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Samuel  Chew, 
He  was  a  man  of  vigorous  intellect  and  polished 
address,  of  integrity,  patriotism,  and  morol  worlli. 

PACKARD,  Elijah,  minister  in  Plymouth, 
died  in  1706,  aged  about  30.  Born  in  Bridge- 
water,  he  was  graduated  nt  Harvard  in  1750,  and 
settled  over  the  second  church  in  1753,  succeed- 
ing J.  Ellis,  the  first  minister,  and  followed  by  J. 
llovey. 

PACKARD,  WlxsLOW,  first  minister  of  Wil- 
mington, Vt.,  died  in  1784,  aged  33.  Born  in 
Bridgewatcr,  Mi.as.,  he  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
in  1777,  and  was  settled  in  1781. 

PACKARD,  Asa,  died  at  Lancaster,  Mass., 
March  20,  1843,  aged  84.  Born  in  Bridgewater, 
he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1783.  He  was  thirty- 
seven  years  the  minister  of  Marlborough,  being 
ordained  in  1785.  Afterwards  he  assisted  in 
forming  the  evangelical  church  in  Lancaster. 
Being  a  soldier  in  early  life,  he  bore  a  British 
bullet  In  his  bodv  sixty  or  seventy  years. 

PACKARD,  Hf^ekiah,  1).  D.,  died  at  Salem 
April  25, 1849,  oged  87.  He  was  a  brother  of 
the  preceding,  and  a  soldier  under  ^^''asllington 
at  the  siege  of  Boston.  He  graduated  in  17H7 
in  the  class  of  J.  Q.  Adams.  For  many  years 
he  was  the  minister  of  Wiscasset,  Me.  Two  of 
his  sons  were  professors  at  Bowdoin,  and  in  the 
Episcojwl  theological  seminary  of  Virginia.  He 
published  thanksgiving  sermon,  1795;  fast  ser- 
mons, 1799;  at  ordination  of  A.  Beattic,  1797; 
of  T.  Cocliran,  1805  j  Christian's  manual. 


PACKAIU). 


PMNK. 


flftl 


rArK.\IM>.  Tun  •■•HIM  H.  1).  T>..  diol  Seif.  dicil  in  1«lfl,  nR.-d  VJ  Hiirniii  If  \r.!wick,  Mum., 
17,  IH.I.j,  :\'^ril  N<>.  Mr  wii--  \  nnlivi'  of  North  lir  >fi;i(lii;iliil  iit  I)nrtniiMilli  ill  I  ■<<(,  iiiid  «,>•<  i>r- 
ltriil;,'i'wiit('r,  ami  Kr:uliiiilril  t  lliirtmoiith  in  :  ilniiird  in  ITill.  Ilr  «iix  ;>  ^ixmI  prcacliiT  luid 
ITiKli  wiiN  ordained  lit  Slicll  Mass.,  in  IT(MI,  !  ii'^'l'id  ininislrr.     He  |mlili>lu'd  a  Ktriiinu  iit  ordi- 

liiit   rclincinislicd   his    pastonii    dulicH   in    ISfJ.  j  nnliiin  of  J.  1'.  l''i>liir,  ITlMi ;  of  J.  lloliitiNini.  IN();t ; 
,\lMiiit    tliirl)  youiif{   men   studied  lliroliitry  wiili    a!    election,    ISO.I;    at    n   fa«i,  ISl'Jj  at    l,jlid(- 


liiiii.  iinoiif,'  llieni  I'liny  l''isk  anil  l>i.  I'i-k.  lie 
was  a  trnstee  of  WillianiN  ami  Andurst  coile^'ps. 
His  son,  'I'lieoiiliilus,  afterwards  of  Mount  I'leas- 
nnt,  lown,  wan  liis  C(dieaf{ne  tor  Iwenty-livi'  years 
from  IH'.'S.  I'erliaps  it  ou>;ht  to  lie  mentioned 
as  a  monitory  faet,  that  in  Ins  idd  a^e  he  was  a 
linn  l)eliever  in  tlie  spiritual  visions  or  romniu- 
uicalioTis  of  a  yoniiK  woman  of  his  aeipiaintanee, 
whicli  seemed  to  he  of  no  value  even  to  those 
who  helievcd  them.  Home  accounted  for  his 
easy  faith  from  liis  hal)it  of  intense  thonjrht  on 
even  sulijectof  inquiry,  lie  published  a  sermon 
nt  ordination  of  J.  W.  Cannon ;  two  on  the 
divinity  of  Christ,  1808;  before  ii  missionary  so- 
c'ietv;  on  Blander,  IHlOi  the  life  of  his  Hon,  J,  'I', 
Packard,  1820. —  SpnKjHf's  Aunuh. 

P.\CKAHI),  Lf.vi,  miinster  of  Siiencer,  Mass., 
died  at  Stafl'ord  Springs,  Conn.,  Jan.  11,  18,")7, 
a"ed  (i.'J.     He  was  twenty-seven  years  at  S])cneer. 

r.VDDOCK,  Jfiuil,  published  a  narrative  of 
the  shipwreck  of  the  ship  Oswego  on  the  south 
cjast  of  Africa,  1818. 

P.VDILLA,  A.  1).,  published  historia  de  la 
proviiicia  do  Santiago  de  Mexico  ;  folio,  Madrid, 

i,V,l(l. 

PAGE,  John,  governor  of  Vir^'inia,  died  at 
Richmond  Oct.  11,  180H,  aged  04.  From  his 
youth  he  was  a  man  of  pure  and  unblemished 
life,  lie  was  a  patriot,  a  statesman,  a  jdiilosoidier, 
and  a  Christian.  From  the  commencement  of 
the  .\mcrican  Kevolution  to  the  last  hour  of  his 
life  he  exhil)ited  n  firm,  inflexible,  unremitting, 
and  ardent  attachment  to  his  country,  and  he 
rendered  her  very  impmtant  .services.  lie  was 
one  of  the  first  representatives  from  Virginia 
under  the  i)resent  constituii  in.  In  1800  he  was 
chosen  uno  of  the  electors  of  president.  In  Dec, 
1802,  In  was  chosen  governor  of  Virginia  in  the 
place  of  Mr.  Monroe,  and  was  siiccecd'  d  by  Mr. 
Cabell  in  1805.  His  residence  was  at  Roscwell. 
His  conduct  was  marked  by  uprightness  in  all  the 
vicissitudes  of  life,  in  the  jji-osperous  and  calami- 
tous times  through  which  he  liad  passed,  in 
seasons  of  gladness  a^d  of  affliction,  lie  pub- 
lished .iddresses  to  the  peoi)le,  179G  and  1799. 

PAGE,  IIvuLAN,  died  at  New  York  in  Sept., 
1834,  aged  43.  A  religious  tract,  widely  circu- 
lated, describes  liis  character. 

PAGE,  ni:NJAMiN,  M.  Y>.,  died  at  Hallowcll, 
Me.,  Jan.  1'k  1844,  aged  73.  A  native  of  Exeter, 
he  studied  with  Dr.  Kittredge  of  Andover.  He 
was  a  skilful  physician,  and  a  Christian. 

PAIGE,  lliii:!),  niinigter  of  Hancock,  N.  II., 


borough,  I81.i;  lu'iilioii    lib  of  July. 

P. UNI',,  'I'lKiMAs, died  in  Itoston  i-i  17')7,  agfd 
alxmt  (10.  A  (;i'aduiife  of  1717.  he  married 
Euniee,  the  dau;;liter  of  Uev.  Saiuurl  Treat  of 
Easthani,  by  his  second  wife  .Miigail,  daughter  of 
Uev.  S.  Willard;  and  was  onlained  at  Weymouth 
Aug.  19,  1719,  and  preacheil  his  own  ordination 
sermon,  which  was  publislu'd.  .Vt'ler  a  ministry 
of  nine  or  more  years  he  relimpiislicd  his  oflieo 
and  engaged  in  commerce  in  Itoston  :  the  rea.sons 
for  this  course  are  not  known.  His  Rentinients 
seem  to  have  been  entirely  evangelical.  He  wa» 
the  futlicr  of  Judge  U.  'I'.  Paine.  He  published 
—  besides  the  sermon  mentioned  —  a  Thursday 
lecture  on  original  sin,  1721;  on  the  doctrine  of 
earthqualics,  1728. 

PAINE,  I'il,isil.\,  a  Sejjaratist  minister,  died  in 
177 J,  aged  84.  He  tvas  a  lawyer  in  Canterbury, 
when,  during  a  revival  in  Wiiulham  uiid'^r  the 
ministry  nf  Sol.  Whiting  in  1721,  he  lui.inie 
jildus.  Aliout  1712  he  fleemed  it  his  duty  to 
preach,  and  for  bis  unlicensed  i)reaching  he 
was  imjirisoned.  He  was  the  uncle  of  John  and 
I'.benezer  Cleaveland,  who  were  exjielled  from 
Yale  college  for  attending  on  his  preaching  in  a 
vacation  ;  iliej  were  afterwards  very  worthy  min- 
isters at  Gloucester  and  Ipswich.  \  majority  of 
the  chtn-ch  of  Canterbury  followed  Mr.  P'aine  and 
his  brother  Solomon;  the  latter  was  ordained 
over  the  church,  which  built  a  new  meeting-house. 
The  bigotry  of  the  Stale  government  and  of  the 
Saybrook  jilatlbrm  ministers  spread  the  se])ara- 
lion  widely ;  churches  sprang  uj)  also  in  Marsh- 
field,  Windham,  Coventry,  Killingly,  Plainfield, 
Volnntown,  Preston,  Lisbon,  Franklin,  Colches- 
ter, Norwich,  I,cdyard,  North  Stoiiington,  Gro- 
ton,  New  London,  Montville,  Lyme,  Suffield, 
Windsor,  Wetherslicld,  and  Middletown.  l-'or 
rearing  the  teachers,  a  transient  school,  called  the 
"  Shepherd's  Tent,"  was  presided  over  at  New 
London  by  1  -ev.  Timo.  Allen. 

Mr  1'..  I'tiinc  became  pastor  of  a  church  in 
Bridf,i'h;ii'ii,;i)n,  L.  I.,  in  17.J2  ;  and  there  con- 
tinu  d  a  I'uu'ster  till  his  death.  His  brother, 
SolonioM.  dit'd  about  1754;  he  published  a  short 
view  of  the  constitution  of  the  church.  The 
Separatists  held  a  general  meeting  in  1781,  and 
for  twenty  years  afterwards.  Uut  some  became 
Ba])tists,  and  they  died  away,  as  the  causes  of 
separation,  as  to  doctrines,  ceased  to  exist. 

PAINE,  TuiOTHY,  died  at  Worcester  in  1793, 
aged  63.  Born  in  Bristol,  11.  I.,  he  graduated  at 
IlaiTord  in   1748,  and  held  various  cilices,  aa 


C3i 


r.MNK. 


I'AiNi;. 


I 


»'li*rk,   rrj^iufpr  of  dped*,  niul   councillor.     Mild 
•ml  iitTnlil)',  he  had  ;,'ooil  vciim-  mill  noliil  tiilciitN. 

-  -  l.iiiii-lii'n  Ili.ih,ii/  lit'  W'nri-inli  r. 

I'AINi;,  JiwiiiA,  iiiiiiiMtir  r)fSiiirlpii(i(/i',  MiiH«.. 
died  Dec.  L'H.  !7!MI,  a^^cd  (l.'»,  A  iialivc  of  J'om- 
fret,  Conn.,  In-  (jfidimli'd  nf  Ynir-  in  17.M),  niid 
mi<TC('(i(i|  (',  Uicc  ill  17(11.  Ill'  wiix  n  |iiilri<>t  ii( 
till'  Iti'Milutioii,  iiMil  niivi>  u|)  n  |iorli(in  uf  liis 
naiiiry  lor  llii"  rclii'l'  of  lii«  |i<'ii])ir,  iiiicl  iimdi'  ii 
Kjx'i'iii!  coiitiiliiiliiiii  of  II  Imrrcl  of  f{iiii|iowdi'r  to 
aid  till'  Rlrnj^^flf  for  libiTly.  rpon  a  unlnry  of 
T2'i  dnlliirn  hv  cduc.itcd  two  hoiin  iit  colloj^c,  one 
of  wilioni  wiw  n  niitiiNter,  —  doiilillcsH  JoHliim,  a 
griiduati' of  Iliirviird  in  17S1,  ininiHtiT  of  Clmrli's- 
toHii  fi'(in)  I7H7  till  Ins  death,  in    17HH,  ajfcd 'Jl. 

—  Wiinhltnrii'n  Jlinf.  I.i'iiinlir  Arnili-itiif. 
rAINi;,  TlKiM.vs,  a  |)olitical  writer  and  DeiBt, 

died  nt  New  York  June  H,  1809,  a^ed  7'J.  lie 
wns  horn  in  Norfolk,  Miifjland,  in  1 7.'J7  j  his  fal  her, 
a  Quaker,  was  a  Htay-niaker.  lie  followed  the 
Name  husiiiesN;  and  then  Ix'eanie  an  exciseman 
In  Sussex,  hill  was  dismissed  for  misconduct,  lie 
came  to  I'liiladeljihia  in  1771.  and  m  Jan.,  177ri, 
he  was  cm])loyed  hy  Mr.  Aitkcii  to  edit  the 
Pennsylvania  mn<,'azine.  After  the  war  com- 
menced, he,  at  the  Huj^gcstion  of  ])r.  lUish,  wrote 
his  celehrated  jiainphlet  of  common  Bense,  recom- 
mendhi;;  independence.  For  this  tract  the  legis- 
lature of  l'enii>\lvaiua  voted  him  500  jiounds. 
lie  wttH  also  elected  by  conj^ress  in  Ai)ril,  1777, 
clerk  to  the  committee  on  foreif?n  all'airs ;  he 
chose  to  call  himself  "  secretary  for  foreijjn  affairs. " 
At  this  ])eriod  he  wrote  the  crisis.  For  divuljfing 
■omc  ofKoial  secrets  he  lost  his  oflicu  in  Jan., 
1770.  In  17H0  he  was  clerk  of  the  ossenihly  of 
Pennsylvania;  in  17H,j  congress  voted  him  3,000 
dollars,  and  the  State  of  New  York  gave  him 
five  liundred  acres  of  land,  the  confiscated  estate 
of  Davol,  a  royalist,  at  New  llochelle.  Tliere 
was  on  it  a  stone  hou.se,  one  hundred  and  twenty 
by  twenty-eight  feet.  In  1787  he  went  to  Paris 
and  London.  In  answer  to  Burke's  reflections 
on  the  French  Itevolution,  he  wrote  liis  rights  of 
man.  In  Sejit.,  1792,  he  was  a  member  from 
Calais  of  the  national  convention  of  France. 
Voting  against  the  sentence  on  the  king,  he 
offended  the  Jacoinns,  and,  in  Dec,  1793,  was 
thrown  into  prison  for  eleven  months.  He  had 
written  the  first  jiart  of  his  age  of  reasim  against 
Christianity  ami  committed  it  to  Joel  Harlow  j 
the  second  part  was  published  in  179.5,  aflter  liis 
release.  At  this  jjcriod  he  was  habitually  drunk. 
He  returned  to  America  in  Oct.,  1802,  bringing 
with  him  as  a  comjianion  the  wife  of  l)e  Uoniu - 
ville,  a  French  bookseller,  having  sejiarated  from 
his  second  wife.  His  political  writings  have  sim- 
plicity, force,  and  ])ungency.  But  he  died  in  con- 
tempt and  misery.  His  disgusting  vices,  his 
intemperance,  and  profligacy,  and  irreligion  made 
him  an  outcast  from  all  respectable  society.    He 


I  \»  r«'prc«fnfpd  i«  Irrltiibli.  vain,  rovurdly,  filthy, 
I'liviiiuK,  inalignaiii,  ilinhc.ieMk,  nnii  (Iruid.ci)  |n 
the  distress  of  his  l.i  i  'pkii'  |u'  fri'(|iirntlv 
calli'd  out,  "  l.iird  Je•<^|^  .  ,if(     iiie."     l>r.  .Miihley 

I  ai-ked  him  wlu'lhiT,  from  his  culling  »o  often  upon 
till'  Saviour,  it  was  to  be  infeirrd  th  l  he  believed 
the  gosjiel.  lie  ri'iilicil,  at  I  ist,  "  I  hii>i'  no 
wihli  to  bilie\e  on  that  siibjirt."  Mr.  Clitethnin 
piililishrd  an  aciount  of  lii^  life.  His  writings 
«eri'  iiubliMlied  in  1  vol.,  1792.  —  Xtni/t  Aiinr. 
llii-ifw,  \Hi,y 

I'.VINF,  Uoni:itT  TKi;.vr,  M,.  I).,  a  judge  of 
.Massaeliiisetts,  died  at  lloston  May  II,  INH, 
aged  h;J.  He  was  born  in  lloston  Miii-cii  11, 
I7.'il|  his  father, 'riioinns  P.,  was  ordained  the 
minister  of  Weymouth  .\ug.  l!l,  1719,  but  in 
coiisetpience  of  ill-health  had  been  dismissed;  his 
mother  was  the  daughter  of  Samuel  Treat  and 
grand-daughter  of  Samuel  Wiliard.  Having 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1719,  he  studied 
ihi'ology,  anil  in  17.'i.'>  iictcd  as  a  chaplain  in  the 
army.  He  was  induced  to  go  to  Furope  for  iiier- 
cantile  objects,  and  to  jirovide  for  the  sii])port  of 
his  father;  on  his  return  he  studied  luw,  and  set- 
tled about  17iVJ  at  Taunton,  where  he  bccauie 
distinguished  in  his  jirofesslon.  In  1770,  in  t!ic 
absence  of  the  attorney-general,  he  condmled 
the  prosecution  of  ('ii|it.  Preston  for  the  ll  istim 
massacre.  About  the  year  17N0  he  removed  to 
Boston.  Being  a  delegate  to  the  first  congress, 
which  assembled  Sei)t.  !),  1771,  he  signed  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  and  continued  in 
that  body  an  efticient  jiatriot  until,  on  the  adop- 
tion of  the  Massachusetts  constitution,  he  was 
apjiointed  attorney-general.  He  was  a  judge  of 
the  superior  court  from  1790  till  his  resignation, 
ill  consequence  of  his  deafness,  in  1804,  nt  the 
age  of  73.  His  wife  was  a  sister  of  Gen.  Cobb. 
He  had  a  high  rank  as  a  lawyer.  He  had  an 
inflexible  regard  to  order  and  justice.  His  n])- 
])earance  on  the  bench  was  stern  and  uii;^-aiiily, 
and  in  his  manner  there  was  an  uiipojiulnr  se- 
verity ;  yet,  by  his  talents,  integrity,  and  learning, 
he  rendered  good  service  to  his  country  in  the 
various  stations  in  which  he  was  jdaced.  He  was 
a  firm  believer  hi  Christianity,  and  died  in  jicacc. 
PAINE,  lloDiair  Tui:.\t,  a  jioet,  son  of  the 
preceding,  died  at  Boston  Nov.  11,  1811,  aged 
37.  He  was  born  at  Taunton,  Dec.  9,  177y. 
While  a  member  of  Ilarwrd  college  he  was  ir- 
regular  and  subject  to  discipline.  At  the  lime  of 
his  graduation  in  1792,  he  delivered  a  ]ii)oiii. 
Being  placed  as  a  clerk  to  a  merchant,  instead  of 
ajiplying  himself  to  business,  he  penned  stanzas. 
He  was  also  often  attracted  to  the  theatre.  At 
this  period  the  law  against  theatrical  perform- 
ances was  abrogated  in  Massachusetts.  On  the 
ojicning  of  the  brick  theatre  in  1793,  he  obtained 
a  medal  for  the  prologue.  In  Oct.,  1794,  ho 
commenced  a  newspaper,  the  Federal  Orrery; 


lAINK. 


I'AI.MI'.U. 


nns 


lilt  iiiil'ili'Mrc,  llir  tlir.itri',  mill  li'iniilafiniis  In  !  of  llii' iiortlii-rli  |>iirl  •  t' Oliio.  In  llic  wiir  lie  led 
iiI'MMiri',  iiiiul"  liiiii  iii';;Ii'('t  |i,  iiiiil  it  kiiiik  inti)  on  ilir  lii'-'t  iMiii|>aii)  ili.it  lirukc  Knuiiiil  iit  llur- 
,i;,ii'/ inl.  Mini  \\i\t  riliiitjiiMii  il  ill  ITlMl.  Illi.  '  cIm'-Iit  llrinlit^,  ii>>r  Itii-tini. 
Mtire  (Iriw  iiimii  liiiiiMJI'  jMr-niial  clmntlicniiMit,  I'AINI'.,  I'.I.IJ  Ml,  jiul^'i.  ilii'il  al  \Villi;iniiluun, 
111  !7!l.<  111- ntarricil  Mlit  IluKir.  uii  iictriHit,  wlio  Vt.,  Ajiril  2\,  IHIJ,  ii^ttl  NV  lit'  ({rudimti'tl  ut 
wlllidriw  Irtiin  tlii'  uta^o ;  tliN  nr\rrl;if,"'  I'liuncd  ii  llnrviwil  in  I'Hl,  iind  wiin  n  hciiulor  nf  (Ik  I'liitii 
SIM  iiiiiliim  lii'lwccii  liiiii  and  liis  father,  and  lii'«  I  Siatrs  from  I7i>."»  In  Isdl.  J.  AdaniH  ii|i|iiiinl('il 
ri'iiii'val  IViiin  liiN  fatlicrV  Inmsi'.  His  |nniii,  dc-  liiiii  a  jiiil;;r  of  the  district  iiiiiit  of  NiiiiidiiI, 
jlvcri'd  at  ('atii'>i'Id;;c  in  I7!l'>,  calli'd  the  iiivrii- |  Of  tin'  I'lii  itcta  Ka|>|ia  Nix'it'ly  at  CaiiiliriilKi' ho 
tinn   of  li'tti'i'i,   liriiii;;lit    liiiii    a   iirollt  i<(   l.VKl  j  was  llii'  lirnt   iiri'sidcnt.     Ai  a  jihIki' and  tilizfii 


(I'lllarn;  and  in  17!»7,  his  riilint;  [lassiim,  I'JOO. 
Ik-  now  was  nppointcd  inaHtcr  of  ci'i'cinonics  ut 
ihi'  theatre,  with  a  s.ilary.  Itis  noii;;  of  Adanin 
and  lilierty,  in  I7!IH,  uelded  liiin  7.VI  ihillars  — 
more  than  1 1  ilollarH  lor  eaeli  line.  There  is  one 
Blaii/a  in  it,  which,  for  il.s  liiy;h  |)Ot'trj-,  deservi's 
jireservatioii ; 

"  Slioiiia  ttio  li'miiO!<»  nf  wnr  oVrMinitnw  nnr  tiinil, 

It.i  I>i>lt4 1'Miilil  iii-'i-r  ri'iiil  Kn-i'ilniH'-i  trinplt'  a.«iiiiiti>r; 
Fnr,  iiiiiiiiiv'a.  lit  In  |iurt;il  \v<iiil>l  Wadlilni^ttHi  Htiiiiil, 
Anil  npiiir'i'  "itii  lil«  ImiKl  llii>  n.«iMiiltH  nf  tlii'  tliuniliT. 
Ilii4  KWiint  frnin  tin'  .*I»i'p 
(If  U.^  Hi'ulil>.ir>l  wuitlil  ti'iip. 
Anil  riiMilm  t  Willi  IN  iinliit  I  VI  ry  lln»li  to  tlio  ilooii. 
Knr  ni''i'r  hIiiiII  tlii'  "inii  nf  Cnliinililii  lii'  sliivi'H, 
Wlillu  till'  luirtli  iKnirn  ii  iilitnt,  nr  tliu  mil  mllH  it*  wnvcs." 

AVlien  lit  this  time  his  nnmo,  M'hich  had  been 
Thiimnn,  was  by  net  of  the  le^jislature  elimi^ed  to 
Itohert  T.,  he  remarki'd,  that  now  he  had  ii  Chris- 
tian name,  alluding  to  I  Ik;  iianie  of  I'aine,  the 
Iiilidel.  lly  the  advice  of  his  friends  ho  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  Imr  in  1802.  At 
first  he  was  ])atroiii/ed;  Init,  after  nefjfleeting  his 
profession  a  few  years,  he  f;ave  up  his  odiee.  His 
dissipated  hahits  hrokc  down  his  health  mid  re- 
duced him  to  want.  Indolence  and  the  theatre, 
wine  and  women  ruined  him.  There  is  nothing 
of  simple,  natural  beauty  in  any  of  the  writings 
of  Mr.  I'nino.  His  prose  is  in  bad  taste,  and  his 
poetry  is  entirely  unworthy  of  the  commendation 
bestowed  upon  it  by  his  contemiioraries.  Hut, 
had  he  written  the  most  beautiful  jioetry,  it  would 
have  been  worthless,  associated  with  his  own  im- 
moral character.  No  poet  has  power  over  the 
heart,  if  known  to  be  a  gamester,  and  intemper- 
ate, and  a  prolligate  lover  of  jdeasure.  The 
virtuous  and  ennobling  sentiments  found  in  the 
poems  of  Cow|)er  and  Montgomery  have  tenfold 
power,  because  known  to  have  come  from  the 
iiearts  of  virtuous,  good  men.  His  works,  with  a 
biography  by  Charles  Prentiss,  -were  published, 
8vo.,  1812.  — -Spec.  Amer.  Poet,  II.  93  j  ('yd.  of 
Amvi:  Lit. 

PAIXI'i,  WiLLi.VM,  M.  D.,  died  it  is  sujiposed 
in  New  York,  in  1833,  aged  83.  He  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1708.  His  name  stands  the  second 
in  a  class  of  more  than  forty,  when  the  names 
were  arranged  according  to  the  dignity  of  families, 

PAIXE,  Edwaud,  general,  died  at  Painesville, 
Ohio,  Oct ,  1841,  aged  96.    He  was  an  officer  of 
the  Revolution,  and  one  of  the  earliest  settlers 
80 


he  was  nini'li  nsiiceted  and  esteemed. 

I'AINi;,  lli.lJAll,  died  at  Ashllehl,  Mass.,  Aug. 
3,  l^ll>,  aged  N(i.  In  early  life  he  served  IiIh 
eonntry;  was  graduated  at  Yale  in  178!),  and 
studied  law;  he  was  a  State  Kenator  in  181(1;  n 
deai'iin  of  tlie  ehiiieh  thirty  years;  ii  fi;ithful, 
useful  Chrisliiiii.  Three  sons  were  ministers,^ 
Klijah  of  West  iloylsiiin,  William  P.  of  llolden, 
and  .John  ('.  of  Itehnboth. 

P.\IM'.,Ki.i.iAli,  judge,  son  of  Judge  K.  I'aine, 
died  in  New  York  Oct.  <>,  18.')3,  aged  about  .>'J. 
He  graduated  at  Cambridge  in  181 1,  and  prac- 
tised law  in  New  York,  where  he  was  a  judge. 
He  published  reiiorts  of  the  circuit  court;  and  a 
work  on  jiractiee,  with  Mr.  ])uer. 

P.MNI",,  CiiAUi,i;.s,  governor  of  Vermont,  the 
son  of  Judge  1',.  Paine,  died  in  \Ki'<i,  aged  "il. 
He  was  born  at  Wiljiamstown,  Vt.,  April  \'t,  17i(9, 
graduated  in  18'J(),  aiitl  was  a  manufacturer  many 
years,  then  president  of  the  Vermont  central 
railroad  corporation.  He  was  governor  two  years 
from  1811.  His  residence  was  Northlield;  but 
he  died  in  "Waco,  Texas.  He  had  been  engaged 
in  exjiloring  a  route  for  a  Paeilic  railroad. 

PALLOTE,  JoSEi'U,  died  at  Canterbury,  N.  II., 
in  1823,  aged  105. 

PALFKAY,  AVauwick,  Jrx.,  died  at  Salem, 
Mass.,  hi  1838,  aged  ,01.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  senate  of  Massachusetts,  and  had  edited  for 
thirty-three  years  the  I'^ssex  Register. 

PALFREY,  Wii.i.iAM,  colonel,  a  patriot  of  the 
Revolution,  was  aide-de-camp  to  Washington, 
when  he  was  in  the  neighiiorhood  of  Washing- 
ton, and  was  also  jiaymaster-general.  His  son, 
John  Pall'rey,  a  Boston  and  New  Orleans  mer- 
chant, and  then  a  planter,  died  at  St.  Martinsville 
in  18-13,  aged  70.  And  his  son  is  Rev.  Dr.  John 
(i.  Palfrey,  who  inherited  slaves  from  liim  and 
set  them  free. 

PALMER,  Solomon,  Ejiiscopal  minister  in 
Connecticut,  died  in  1771,  aged  about  02.  He 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1729;  succeeded  Mr.  Pun- 
dersoti  in  New  Haven  from  1703  to  1700 ;  and 
then  removed  to  Litchtield.  Mr.  Hubbard  fol- 
lowed him  at  New  Haven. 

PALMl'.R,  Josi.Pli,  minister  of  Norton,  Mass., 

died  in  1791,  aged  01.     Porn  in  Cambridge,  he 

graduated  at  Harvard  in  llVi,  and  was  ordained 

in  17o3. 

PALMER,  Elihu,  a  preacher  of  Deism,  died 


03 1 


TALMKR. 


I'ARK. 


at  I'liila(U'l]ihiii  In  IHOO,  aged  ■V2.  He  was  gradu- 
ated at  Diirlmouih  c()ll(i,'o  in  ITS",  llu  was  the 
head  of  the  Cohnnldan  ilhiniinati,  a  doistical 
company  nt  Now  York,  estalilislied  al)out  1801, 
consisting  of  ninety-five  nicnil)t'r.s.  Its  professed 
aim  was  to  [iromote  "  moral  science"  against  re- 
ligious and  jjolitical  Imposture.  The  Temjjlc  of 
Ileaiion  was  a  weekly  jjajjer,  of  whlcli  the  prin- 
cijjal  editor  was  one  ])rI.scoll,  an  Irishman,  who 
had  been  a  Koniish  iirlcst,  and  who  removed  with 
his  paper  to  Phila(lelj)liia.  Mr.  1*.  delivered  lec- 
tures, or  ])reached,  against  C'iiristianity.  But, 
according  to  Mr.  Ciieetham,  he  was  "  in  tiie  small 
circle  of  his  church  more  ])rlestly,  more  fulmi- 
nating," than  Laud  and  Gardiner  of  England; 
"  profcs,sing  to  adore  reason,  he  was  in  a  rage  if 
any  body  reasoned  with  liim."  He  was  blind 
from  his  youth.  lie  ])u))lished  an  oration,  July 
4,  1797;  the  principles  jf  nature,  1802. 

PALMER,  GicoiiGi;,  a  free  man  of  color,  died 
in  Georgia  in  1812,  aged  121. 

PALMER,  Sticpiien,  minister  of  Necdham, 
Mass.,  died  in  1821,  aged  oo.  IJorn  in  Norton, 
he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1789,  and  was  or- 
dained in  1792.  He  published  a  sermon  on  the 
death  of  C.  Whiting ;  of  T.  Thacher,  1812 ;  at 
ordination  of  I.  Braman,  1797  ;  a  century  sermon, 
1811.  —  Sprague's  Annals. 

PALMER,  Havid,  ^L  H.,  of  Woodstock,  Vt., 
president  of  the  Vermont  medical  college  in  W., 
died  at  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  in  1840.  He  was  highly 
respected  for  his  talents,  acquirements,  and  char- 
acter. His  death  was  occasioned  by  imprudence 
in  conducting  some  chemical  experiment. 

PALMER,  Job,  died  at  Charleston,  S.  C,  in 
1845,  aged  97  years  and  5  months,  a  Revolution- 
ary patriot.  Born  in  Falmouth,  Mass.,  in  early 
life  he  settled  at  C. 

PALMER,  Benjamin  JL,  D.  D.,  died  at 
Charleston  in  Oct.,  1847,  at  an  advanced  age.  His 
■widow  died  within  a  few  dajs  afterwards.  He 
was  settled  at  C.  in  1817,  and  was  eminently 
faithful  and  useful  as  a  minister. 

PALMER,  David,  ministerof  Townsend,  Mass., 
died  Feb.  15, 1849,  aged  80.  Born  in  Windham, 
Conn.,  his  father  John  Avas  there  a  minister.  At 
Dartmouth  he  graduated  in  1797 ;  he  was  or- 
dained at  T.  Jan.  1,  1800,  and  dismissed  in  1830. 
He  was  frank,  social,  agreeable,  and  successful  as 
a  minister.     Some  of  liis  sermons  were  jjrintcd. 

PARIS,  Mrs.,  wife  of  J.  I).  Paris,  missionary 
to  the  Sandwich  Islands,  died  at  Hilo  Feb.  18, 
1847,  aged  39.  She  was  the  daughter  of  John 
Grant  of  Albany.  When  living  at  Johnstown  she 
became  a  Christian  at  the  age  of  13  :  her  parents 
afterwards  lived  in  New  York.  She  embarked 
with  her  husband  in  1840,  and  settled  at  Kau  in 
Hawaii.  Notwithstanding  lier  desire  to  live  for 
the  benefit  of  her  children,  who  needed  a  moth- 
er's care,  she  bowed  in  quiet  submission  and  firm 


trust.  When  the  dark  valley  was  spoken  of,  she 
said:  "  Wiiat  does  that  mean?  I  do  not  inidcr- 
stand  it.  I  look  upon  death  very  dillcrcntly." 
"  What  are  all  the  dark  valleys  and  rivers,  if 
Jesus  is  with  us  ?" 

PARISH,  AniEL,  minister  of  ^lanchestrr, 
Mass.,  died  in  1794,  agca  !().  Born  in  Lebanon, 
Conn.,  he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1788,  and 
was  ordained  1792. 

PARISH,  Elijah,  D.  I).,  minister  of  Byfield, 
Mass.,  was  born  in  Lebanon,  Conn., Nov.  7,  17(i2, 
and  graduated  vx  Dartmouth  college  in  1785.  He 
wav  urduiped  in  1787.  After  being  the  minister 
j''  B.  nearly  forty  yc:irs,  lie  died  Oct.  14,  1825, 
aged  C2.  Some  of  his  violent  political  sermons 
are  quoted  by  Mr.  Carey  in  his  olive  branch. 
He  published  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  J.  Cleave- 
land,  1799  ;  at  the  ordination  of  A.  Parish,  1792; 
of  N.  Waldo,  1806;  of  I).  Thurston,  1807;  of 
N.  Merrill,  1812 ;  of  D.  Smith  and  C.  Khigsbnry 
and  of  E.  Pilsbury,  1815 ;  at  Hanover,  1801 ; 
orations,  1799  and  1800 ;  on  missions,  1807  ;  be- 
fore a  charitable  society,  1808  ;  at  a  thanksgiving, 
1804  ;  do.  1807  ;  at  Hanover,  1800  ;  at  fasts,  1808, 
1812,  1813;  before  tlie  society  for  propagating 
the  gospel;  before  convention,  1821;  eulogv  on 
J.  Hubbard,  1810  ;  history  of  New  England,  witli 
Dr.  Morse,  1804  ;  with  Dr.  ^IcClure,  mcmcirs  of 
Elcazer  Wheclock,  8vo.,  1811  ;  gizetteer  of  the 
eastern  continent ;  modern  geography  ;  gazetteer 
of  the  Bible.  A  volume  of  his  sermons  was  pub- 
lished after  his  death.  —  Sprague's  Annals. 

PARISH,  Jasper,  died  atCanandaiguain  Julv, 
1836,  aged  09.  An  emigrant  with  his  parents 
from  Windham,  Conn.,  to  Lucerne  county,  I'a., 
he  was  captured  in  1778,  at  the  age  of  eleven,  by 
the  Delaware  Indians,  and  was  seven  years  a 
prisoner  among  the  Six  Nations.  Being  released 
in  1784,  his  misfortune  proved  of  the  highest  ad- 
vantage to  liim,  for,  speaking  five  Indian  lan- 
guages, he  was  employed  under  Washington  as 
interpreter  and  sub-agent,  and  remained  in  office 
thirty  years.  From  1792  he  resided  in  Canan- 
daigua,  N.  Y  ,  being  respected  as  a  husband, 
father,  and  citizen. 

PARISH,  II.,  died  at  New  York,  in  1850.  He 
beciucatlied  50,000  dollars  in  charity :  to  the 
American  bible  society  10,000  dollars ;  the  New 
York  orphan  asylum  10,000  ;  St.  Luke's  hospital 
10,000  ;  New  York  eye  infirmary  20,000. 

PARK,  Thomas,  an  officer  in  the  Revolution- 
ary war,  died  at  Oswego,  N.  Y.,  in  1838,  aged  01. 

PARK,  Calvin,  D.  D.,  died  at  Stougliton, 
Mass.,  Jan.  5,  1847,  aged  72.  Born  in  Novlii- 
bridgc,  Mass.,  he  graduated  at  Brown  university, 
1797;  and  was  a  tuto.  and  professor  of  moral 
])hilosophy  for  twenty-five  years.  As  an  evange- 
list he  was  o  'dained  in  1815.  He  became  the 
minister  of  Stoughton,  ^lass.,  in  Dec,  1820,  but 
resigned  liis  office  in  1840.    He  was  known  as  a 


PARK. 


I'ARKrn. 


fi35 


groat  lover  of  truth,  mid  as  unr  fond  of  niid  ca- 
ii;iblc  of  tcaoliin;; ;  as  a  ninii  of  iiitcllict  and  sound 
learning,  of  reliiicd  taslo  and  a  warm  heart.  lie 
was  buried  at  AVreiithani  by  the  side  of  his  de- 
reased  wife,  Abij,'ail  Ware  of  AV.  He  was  tlie 
fatlier  of  I'rofossor  Park  of  Andover.  —  Stonn' 
J'liiK'nil  Seiwnn;  Sjirai/ue'n  Aiiniif.t. 

I'AUK,  .Tason,  first  minister  of  ]5arry,  Michi- 
rran,  died  May  11,  ISli),  aged  "It.  lie  was  born 
in  Canterbury,  Conn.  Having  studied  theology 
with  ])r.  Strong  of  Hartford,  he  was  sixteen  years 
from  I'SIO  the  minister  of  Southbridge,  Mass. 
lU'moving  to  the  AVest,  he  organized  in  183.'!  the 
c^.urch  of  liarry,  tlio  first  in  the  county,  and  la- 
bored willi  them  faithfully  for  the  remahidcr  of 
his  life.  He  was  benevolent,  upright,  conscien- 
tious ;  a  friend  of  missions.  He  left  children  to 
deplore  his  loss.  The  general  association  pa.sscd 
a  commendatory  vote,  on  the  death  of  the  first 
of  their  body. 

I'AUK,  John,  died  at  AVorcester  in  March, 
lS.j:2,  aged  77.  Born  in  Windham,  N.  II.,  a 
graduate  of  Dartmouth  in  1791,  for  many  years 
he  was  a  distinguished  politician,  and  was  the  ed- 
itor of  the  Boston  llepcrtory.  He  was  the  father 
of  J.  C.  Park. 

I'AIIKE,  John,  a  poet,  died,  probably  in  Vir- 
ginia, after  the  close  of  the  Ilevolutionary  war. 
Born  in  Delaware  about  1750,  he  was  in  1708  in 
the  college  of  Pennsylvania.  He  served  in  the 
armv,  and  was  at  Boston  and  Valley  Forge.  Af- 
ter the  [jcacc  he  lived  in  Philadeljihia.  He  pub- 
lished the  works  of  Horace  translated  mto  English 
verse,  with  original  ])ocms  by  a  native,  etc.,  178G. 
The  odes  are  inscribed  each  to  an  American 
wortliy.  —  Ci/d-  of  Ainer.  Lit. 

PAUKE,  Benjamin,  judge,  died  at  Salem, 
Ind.,  in  1835,  aged  57.  Born  in  New  Jersey,  he 
was  ap])ointed  by  JelTerson  judge  of  tlie  United 
States  court  for  Indiana  about  1801,  and  was 
respected  in  his  office.  He  had  been  a  delegate 
to  congress  from  1805  to  1808. 

PAltKEIl,  Thomas,  first  minister  of  Newbury, 
Alass.,  died  in  April,  1G77,  aged  81.  He  was  the 
'only  son  of  llobert  Parker,  who  was  I'vivcn  out 
of  luigland  for  Puritanisn;  "n  the  reign  of  Eliza- 
beth ;  was  born  in  1595.  After  having  been  tor 
Rome  time  a  student  at  Oxford,  he  pursued  his 
studio's  in  Ireland  under  Dr.  Usher.  Thence  he 
went  to  Holland,  where  he  enjoyed  the  assistance 
of  Dr.  Ames.  He  returned  to  Newbury  in  Eng- 
land, where  he  ])reached  and  was  the  instructor 
of  a  school.  He  came  to  this  country  with  a 
number  of  Christian  friends  in  May,  1034,  and 
immediately  went  to  Aggawam,  or  Ipswich,  Mass., 
where  he  continued  about  a  year  as  an  assistant 
to  Mr.  Ward.  In  1G35  he  commenced  the  set- 
tlement of  Newbury,  and  was  chosen  j)astor  and 
Mr.  Xoyes  teacher.  He  left  behind  him  the 
character  of  au  cmiucut  scholai-,  and  of  a  most 


pious  and  benevolent  Chiistian.     Through  his  in- 
cessant application  he  bccanu'  blind  several  years 
before  his  death.     Inder  this  heavy  calamity  he 
was  patient  and  cheerful,  an<l  used  to  say,  in  refer- 
tnee  to  bis  darkened  eyes,  "  t!i<'y  will  be  lestored 
^llortly  in  the  resurrection."     Having  lu'vcr  been 
married,  he  yet  with  parental  alfeetioii  gave  sev- 
eral young  gentlemen  the  ailvantages  of  a  jiublic 
education.     In  his  views  of  ehureii  government 
he  differed  from  the  Congregationalism  of  New 
Englaiul,  in  consecpienee  of  which  his  i  hiu'ch  was 
nnha])jiily  divided.     A  bitter   controversy   lasted 
for  years,  an  account  of  which,  in  forty  jiages,  is 
in  Coffin's  history  of  Newbury.      Some  theses  de 
traductione  jicccatoris  ad  vitam,  written  by  him 
at  an  early  age,  were  jninted  with  some  works  of 
Dr.  Ames.     He  also  ]niblished  a  letter  to  n  mem- 
ber of  the  Westminster  assembly,  on  the  govern- 
ment  hi   the   churches   of  England,    1014;  the 
liroplifcics   of  Daniel  expounded,  4to.,  IGIG;    u 
letter  to  his  sister,  Jlrs.  Avery,  on  her  opinions, 
IG 19.  — Mogilalia,  III.,  143-115,  147. 

PARKEll,  Thomas,  first  muiister  of  Dracut, 
Mass.,  died  in  17G5,  aged  G4.  Born  in  Cam- 
bridge, he  graduated  at  Harvard  iu  1718,  and  be- 
gan to  jireach  at  D. 

PAllKER,  Jajii:s,  a  iirinter  in  New  York,  died 
in  1770.  He  was  born  in  Woodbridgc,  New  Jer- 
sey, and  began  business  about  1742.  Ho  pub- 
lished the  Post-Boy,  and  in  1752  a  periodical 
work,  The  llellector.  A  private  journal  of 
Moses  Allen,  while  at  college  at  Princeton  in 
17G!),  mentions  that  "  the  jiriuter  Parker's  daugh- 
ter, in  New  York,  famous  f(/r  sense  and  beauty^ 
challenged  a  gentleman  for  some  indecency, 
wounded  him,  and  came  off  \i(torious." 

PARKER,  Jonathan,  second  minister  of 
Plymi)ton,  Mass.,  died  in  1770,  aged  71.  Born 
in  Barnstable,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1725, 
rind  was  settled  in  1731,  the  successor  of  J.  Cush- 
man.     He  was  followed  by  E.  Samiison. 

PARKER,  Ni:iii:.MlAll,  first  minister  of  Ilnl)- 
bardston,  Mass.,  died  in  LSOl,  aged  59.  Born  in 
Shrewsbury,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1703; 
was  settled  in  177<),  and  resignt  d  in  1800. 

PARKER,  Samikl,  1 ).  D.,  bishop  of  Mass.,  died 
Dec.  G,  1804,  aged  59.     He  was  born  at  Ports- 
mouth, N.  II.,  in  1745,  Mid  was  graduated  at  Har- 
vard college  in  17G4.      He  was   afterv.irds   nine 
years  an  instructor  of  youth  in  Newi;uryj)ort  and 
other  towns.    In   1773  he  was  ordained  by  the 
liisliop  of  London,  and,  May  19,  1774,  was  estab- 
iished    as   assisiaiit   minister  at  Trinity  church, 
Boston,  of  which  he  becuiiie  the  rector  in   1779. 
During  the  Revolutionary  war  the  other  Ejiiscopal 
clerg}  men  quitted  the  country,  but  he  remained 
j  at  his  post,  and  his  church  was  saved  fro-.i  dis- 
1  per.-i'ii.     Alter  the  death  of  Bishop  Bass  he  was 
!  elected  his  successor ;  but  he  was  at  the  head  of 
I  the  Episcop:d  churdies  but  a  lew  mouths.    Ue 


636 


PARKER. 


PARKMAN. 


died  suddenly  at  Boston.  Distinjjuishcd  foi  his 
benevolence,  he  was  m  a  ])eculinr  manner  the 
friend  of  the  jioor,  who  in  his  death  mourned  the 
loss  of  a  father,  lie  [juhiishcd  a  sermon  at  the 
election,  1703;  before  the  asylum,  1803;  and 
some  other  occasional  discourses. 

P/iUKER,  Samuel,  minister  of  Provincetown, 
Mass.,  died  in  181 1,  aged  70,  in  the  38lh  year  of 
his  ministry,     lie  graduated  at  Harvard  in  17C8. 

PARKER,  Isaac,  LL.  D.,  chief  justice  of  Mass., 
died  May  26, 1830,  aged  nearly  62.  He  was  born  in 
Boston  June  17,  1768,  and  graduated  at  Harvard 
college  in  1786.  His  father  was  a  merchant,  who 
met  with  reverses  of  fortune  in  his  business.  He 
commenced  the  practice  of  law  at  Castine,  in  the 
district  of  Maine,  and  was  elected  a  membei  of 
congress.  Adams  appointed  him  marshal  for  the 
district  of  Maine  ;  an  office  which  he  held  till  the 
accession  of  Mr.  Jefferson  to  the  presidency  in 
1801.  Afterwards  he  removed  to  Portland.  In 
1806  ho  was  apjiointed  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court,  and  in  1814  chief  justice,  as  the  successor 
of  Mr.  Sewall,  of  which  office  he  with  high  repu- 
tation and  faithfulness  discharged  the  duties  six- 
U'w  years.  In  1820  he  was  president  of  the 
Massachusetts  convention  for  the  revision  of  the 
constitution.  For  several  years  he  was  professor 
of  law  in  Harvard  University.  His  father  and 
several  of  his  ancestors  had  died  of  the  apoplexy. 
He  died  poor,  but  the  citizens  of  Boston  made 
provision  for  his  family.      On  Sunday,  July  25, 

1830,  he  was  suddenly  attacked  with  the  apo- 
plexy, of  which  he  died  the  next  morning.  His 
successor  was  Lemuel  Shaw.  He  was  a  dis- 
tinguished scholar  and  friend  of  literature.  For 
eleven  years  he  was  a  trustee  of  Bowdoin  college, 
and  for  twenty  years  an  overseer  of  Harvard  col- 
lege, lie  was  a  man  of  great  moral  worth,  and 
a  firm  believer  in  the  Christian  religion,  lie 
pubUshed  a  sketch  of  the  character  of  Judge  Par- 
sons, 1813  ;  of  Judge  Sewall ;  of  S.  How,  1828  ; 
oration  on  Washington,  1800.  — Ann.  Jtey.,  1830- 

1831.  p.  272-276. 

PAKKER,  NATHAN,D.D.,died  at  Portsmouth 
Nov.  8,  1833,  aged  -31.  He  was  a  g.-aduate  of 
Harvard  in  1803.  He  published  New  Hampshire 
election  sermon,  1819;  a  dedication  sermon  at 
Portsmouth,  1826. 

PAKKKR,  S.  K.,  gen*Tal,  died  in  Northamp- 
ton itminty.  Va.,  in  l.',3^;  He  was  an  eminent 
law)-er.  Mid  f.  member  of  congress  from  1819  to 
1821. 

I'ARKKR,  RlciiARii  E.,  judge  of  various 
courts,  dip<^  in  Virginia  in  1840,  aged  about  63. 
He  was  al-c  a  senator  of  the  I'nitcd  States. 

PAKKKK,  John,  a  merchant,  died  in  Boston 
May  29,  1840,  agrrl  83. 

PARKE/C  Bic.\J.»MiN,  M,  J».,  died  in  1845, 
aged   a!>oat   84.     He   graduated  at  Harvard  ia 


1781.  He  was  a  ])hysieian  in  Bradford,  Mass., 
till  in  1819  he  removed  to  some  other  State. 

PARKER,  Bknjamin,  first  minister  of  the 
east  church  in  Haverhill,  Mass.,  died  Nov.  LiO, 
1790,  aged  76.  Born  in  Bradford,  he  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1737,  and  was  ordained  in  1734. 
He  published  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  Edward 
Barnard,  1774. 

PARKER,  Daniel,  brigadier-general,  died  at 
Washington  April  5,  1846.  He  was  a  native  of 
Massachusetts.  He  was  adjutant  and  inN])ector- 
general,  and  chief  clerk  in  the  war  department. 
He  published  army  register,  1816. 

Pi^UlKER,  Edward  I..,  minister  of  London- 
derry, N.  H.,  died  in  1850,  aged  about  64.  He 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1807,  and  was  settled 
in  the  original  or  east  parish  in  1810.  He  pul). 
lished  a  century  sermon  at  L.,  1819  ;  atordinatiou 
of  A.  Cross,  1824. 

PARKER,  John  A.,  died  at  New  Bedford 
Dec.  30,  1853,  a  rich  merchant,  at  an  advanced 
age. 

PARKER,  Freeman,  first  minister  of  Dres- 
den, Me.,  died  in  1854,  aged  about  78.  He  wns 
born  in  Barnstable,  Mass.,  July  13,  1776  ;  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1797 ;  and  ordained 
Sept.  2,  1801.  After  twenty-five  years  he  re- 
signed and  removed  to  AViscasset.  Though  lilind 
for  more  than  forty  years,  he  still  preached.  I  [is 
1 1st  discourse  was  delivered  at  Dresden  on  the 
fiftieth  anniversary  of  his  settlement. 

PARKER,  George  Phili.ip.s,  died  in  New 
York  Jan.  19,  1856.  aged  02.  He  was  the  unn 
of  John  Parker  of  Boston,  and  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1812.  For  some  years  he  was  cngn.'^ed 
in  the  te.nperance  cause,  to  which,  from  his  amjile 
means,  he  liberally  contributed. 

PARKHURST,  Benjamlv,  died  Dec.  15,  lS-!2, 
aged  97.  He  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Roy- 
alton,  Vt.  :  his  parents  died  at  the  age  of  97 ; 
his  grandfather  died  at  the  age  of  100  ;  his  grand- 
mother, at  the  age  of  104. 

PARKHURST,  I'hinehas,  Dr.,  died  at  Leba- 
non, N.  II.,  Oct.  16,  1844,  aged  85.  He  was 
born  in  Plainfield,  Conn.  His  father  removed 
to  Royalton,  Vt.,  and  was  killed  in  an  attack  of 
the  Indians  from  Canada,  Oct.  16,  1780.  Dr.  P. 
was  long  a  physician  and  prominent  citizen  of 
Lebanon. 

PARKMAN,  Ebenezer,  first  minister  of  "West- 
borough,  Mass.,  was  graduated  at  Harvard  cdI- 
Icge  in  1721,  and  was  ordained  Oct.  28,  1724,  the 
day  on  which  the  church  was  gathered.  .Vlter 
continuing  his  ministerial  labors  near  sixty  years, 
he  died  Dee.  9,  1782,  aged  79.  His  wife  wan  a 
daughter  of  Rob.  Breck  ;  Samuel  P.,  who  died  in 
Boston  in  June,  1824,  aged  72,  was  a  descendant. 
A  »hort  account  of  Westborough,  written  by  him, 
is  printed  in  the  historical  collections.    He  pub- 


PAKKMAX. 


PAnitlSTI. 


r>:^7 


lisliod  reformers  mid  intercessors,  17.)2;  a  con- 
veiilion  rcimoii,  ITlil. 

I'AIlIvMAX,  fiKoufii;,  M.  I).,  died 
a"ed  alxuit  .IS.  'i'\\v  son  of  Siiniucl  P 
uuled  nt  Harvard  in  ISO!),  and  was  a 
and  a  man  of  lar^'o  ])roperty  in  Doston. 
murderi'il  by  Dr.  AVcljster  in  tiir  medical  Imili!- 
ing,  and  his  i)ody  partly  consumed,  when  the 
crime  was  discovered.  Tiie  motive  to  its  com- 
mission was  the  wisii  to  avoid  the  payment  of  a 
(lcl)f.  He  pnblislied  a  treatise  on  insanity,  1H17. 
I'AKKMAX,  FiiANCis,  I).  1).,  son  of  S.imnel 
P.,  died  in  Uoston,  Xov.  12,  1852,  aged  04.  He 
gradnated  at  Harvard  in  1807.  He  was  the  pas- 
tor of  the  new  north  church  from  181.3  to  1810. 
He  i)ul)lished  century  sermon,  1814;  on  the 
death  of  J.  I-athrop ;  at  ordination  of  J.  I'ark- 
man,  18.'57  ;  offering  of  sympathy  on  the  revolu- 
tion in  France,  1830. 

PAKKS,  WiLi.UM,  printer  of  the  Virginia 
Gazette,  died  in  1750. 

PAUMELE,  Elisha,  first  minister  of  Lee. 
Mass.,  died  in  1784,  aged  about  2(5.  Born  in 
Goshen,  Conn.,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1778, 
and  was  settled  in  1783.  His  successor  was  A. 
Hvde. 

"PAllMELEE,  Pnii,.\NDEn,  minister  of  Bolton, 
Conn.,  died  in  1S22,  aged  39.  Born  in  North 
Killingworth,  he  graduated  in  1809 ;  was  minis- 
ter of  Victor,  N.  Y.,  five  years ;  and  settled  at  B. 
in  IHl.'i.  He  was  an  earnest,  useful  minister. — 
3]irfi!jue's  Annals. 

PAKMELEE,  Moses,  minister  of  Stockholm, 
X.  Y.,  was  found  dead  in  his  bed  after  an  eve- 
ning lecture  in  1838,  aged  .TO.  Born  in  Pirt.s- 
ford,  Vt.,  he  was  first  the  minister  of  South  Gran- 
ville, X.  Y.,  in  1816.  His  character  was  pure  ; 
his  temperament  ardent,  and  this  gave  unrtjon 
and  pathos  to  his  address.  His  brother  Simeon 
was  the  minister  of  Westford,  Vt. 

PAIUIIS,  S.AMUKL,  the  first  minister  of  Dan- 
vers,  Mass.,  died  after  1711  ;  if  in  17)3,  he  was 
aged  00.  He  was  born  in  London  in  1053; 
studied  at  Harvard  college  ;  and  was  ordained  at 
Salem  village,  now  Danvers,  Xov.  15,  1089.  In 
1092  the  Salem  witchcraft  delusion  Ci'.i^nionced 
in  his  family.  His  daughter,  about  twelve  \cars 
of  age,  and  his  niece,  Abigail  Williams,  eleven  or 
twelve  years  old,  pretended  to  be  bewitched,  and 
accused  Tituba,  an  Indian  woman  living  in  the 
fomily,  of  bewitching  them.  Mr.  Parris  beat  her 
and  compelled  her  to  confess  herself  a  witch. 
Indian  John,  Tituba's  husband,  for  his  own  safety, 
turned  accuser  of  others.  The  "  afflicted  "  per- 
sons increased ;  the  "  accused  "  also  increased 
rapidly.  More  than  one  Inmdred  women  were 
apprehended,  and  most  of  them  committed  to 
prison.  Even  the  wife  of  Gov.  Phii)])s  was  ac- 
cused. Aug.  19,  1092,  George  Burroughs  and 
four  others  were  executed  ;  in  all  nineteen  were 


hung,  and  Gyles  Corey  ])resscd  fo  death  for  not 
jjlcnding.  Tlieri'  l\ad  bcfnre  been  executed  for 
wilchci-al't  Margaret  .Foncs  of  ("harlestown,  in 
.June,  1018;  tluii  a  wonuui  in  Donhester,  and 
another  in  Cambridge;  Ihcn  in  Boston  in  1055 
Mis.  Illlibiiis,  wife  of  an  assistant;  in  liiO'J  Mr<. 
(irccnsniilb  and  lu'r  husband;  in  10()3  Miiry 
Johnson;  in  lOSS  .Mrs.  (ilover  of  Host m.  Thi"* 
delusion  nt  Salem  lasted  sixteen  months.  .\s  Mr. 
Parris  had  t)een  a  zealous  ])i'osecutor,  his  church, 
in  .\[iiil,  1093,  brought  charges  against  him;  and 
at  last,  iilthough  he  acknowledged  his  error,  lie 
was  dismissed  in  June,  1090.  He  removed  to 
Concord.  In  1711  he  jjreached  six  months  in 
Dunstaljle. 

PAJlUrS,  Mauti.v,  minister  of  Marshfield, 
Mass.,  died  in  1839,  aged  72.  Born  in  Pem- 
broke, he  graduated  at  Itrown  university  in  1790; 
was  settled  at  Marshfield  in  1871,  succeeding  W 
Shaw. 

]'AH]tIS,  Samvki,,  died  at  AVashington  Sept. 
10, 1847,  aged  92.  A  native  of  I'emliroke,  Mass., 
he  was  at  Bunker  Ilill  in  1775,  and  was  an  offi- 
cer of  the  Kevohilion.  He  settled  at  Hebron, 
Maine,  and  was  a  judge  of  the  common  jdeas, 
and  one  of  the  electors  of  president  at  Madison's 
second  term.  He  was  the  father  of  Gov.  A.  K. 
Parris. 

PABIIIS,  Albion  K.,  governor  of  Maine,  died  in 
Portland  in  Fcli.,  1857,  aged  about  71.  Born  in  Au- 
burn, Oxford  county,  he  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
in  1800,  and  was  in  jjublic  life  nearly  forty  years. 
He  was  a  member  of  congress  from  1815  to  1818; 
the  first  United  States  district  J-idge  lor  Maine; 
was  governor  five  years  from  18,1  to  1820;  wa,s 
senator  of  the  United  States  in  I'rJS;  and  judge 
of  the  supreme  court  of  Maiiir  fron.  1828  to  18.30, 
when  he  was  appointed  second  coni].  roller  of  the 
treasury,  and  removed  to  Wa.shiiigton,  retaining 
I'is  oflice  till  1851,  when  he  returned  to  I'ortland, 
I-',  which  city  he  was  the  mayor  in  I  ■<52. —  llvii- 
'  Ion  Ailri'rti.ii'r. 

PAlHUt^H,  John,  died  at  Baltimore  in  1807, 
one  of  the  oldest  ministers  of  the  .society  of 
Friends.  He  succeeded  Benezet  in  jjleading  the 
cause  of  the  African  race.  He  jiublislied  remarks 
on  tho  slaver\  of  the  black  pco])le.  I8(l(' 

PAIUHSli,  J()si.rii,  M.  D.,  died  at  Philadel- 
phia March  18,  1840,  aged  CO.  He  was  a  most 
eminent  j)lu>ician,  a  professor  in  the  univrsity, 
and  a  man  of  benevolence  and  many  virtu  .  He 
was  brougl'.t  up  in  the  princijiles  and  habit;,  of  the 
Quakers,  and  sought  to  be  guided  by  an  inward 
chvinely-given  princi])le.  He  ever  recommended 
cool  air,  exercise,  and  cool  drinks.  His  medical 
degree  ho  received  in  1805.  He  gave  po])ular 
lectures  on  chemistry  in  1807.  In  the  ])revalence 
of  the  t\;)lius  e])idemic  in  1812,  he  successfully 
substituted  a  stimulant  practice  for  the  jirevalent 
contrary  one.    He  was  chosen  in  1810  suryeon  to 


PAPJIOTT. 


PAItSOXS. 


the  ho-spitnl.  lie  had  for  years  many  mcdioal 
pu])iN.  lie  (lied  ill  ])eace.  ] lis  (■haractcr  is  de- 
lineated f'idly  in  Williams'  book.  I'is  lieloved 
■\vil'o  was  the  daiif^litcr  of  Jolin  Cox,  an  esteemed 
])reachcr  in  liie  society  of  l'"nends.  He  wrote; 
niaiiv  jiajjers  for  tlie  journals.  —  W'cod'.s  Memoir  ;  j 

Wi/ii'llllx'  .Mr<L   ISiniJ.  \ 

I'AItltOTT,  John  F.,  a  senator  of  tl:e  United  ; 
States  1819-lHL',j,  died  in  Greenland,  N.  II.,  Jnly  j 

PAPlSOXS,  JosKriT,  cornet,  the  first  of  tho  ' 
name  in  Xorlliani])ton,  the  ancestor  of  many  fain-  j 
ilicR,  died  in  Ifi.SIJ.  Ho  came  from  Enj^land  in  | 
1C30  or  soon  afterwards.  He  came  to  Si)rinfjfield  i 
at  its  first  settlement  about  IfilJti,  and  married  in 
1010  Mary,  the  daughter  of  Thomas  r)liss  of 
Windsor.  He,  it  is  believed,  was  the  .son  of 
Thomas  Parsons  of  (Jreat  Milton,  or  Great  Tor- 
rington  near  pAeter,  who  married  Catherine,  the 
daughter  of  Alderman  ]{adc  iff  of  London,  and 
was  kni;5litcd  by  King  Charles  I.  Tlie  three 
eagles,  with  wings  outspread,  on  his  coat  of 
arms,  might  well  be  regarded  as  indicaling  the 
flight  of  his  sons  to  the  distant  new  world  ;  for 
Deacon  IJenjamin,  another  of  his  sons,  came  with 
Joscjih.  After  living  ut  Windsor  and  S])ringlleld 
about  twenty  years,  he  in  lCi55  was  among  the 
first  settlers  of  Xorthampton.  But  in  1079  ho 
returned  to  Springfield,  where  he  died,  jji-obably 
of  the  age  of  70.  His  widow  died  in  1712.  His 
brother  Penjamin  had  a  son  Ebenuzcr,  wlio  was 
the  father  of  .lonathan,  born  in  AVest  S])riugfield 
in  170,j.  Joseph  had  ten  children ;  among  them 
Jose])h,  John,  Samuel,  settled  at  Durham,  Conn., 
E'.ieiiezer,  killed  by  the  Indians  in  1G75,  Josiah, 
and  David. 

PATISOXS,  Joseph,  died  in  Northampton  in 
17l.'9.  aged  S2.  The  son  of  Joseph,  ho  was  born 
at  Springfield  in  10 17.  His  wife  was  Elizabeth, ' 
daugliter  of  I'.ldcr  Strong ;  and  his  daughter 
Elizabeth  married  l^leazar  Strong,  and  their 
daughter  Elizabeth  married  Pev.  Dr.  Lathro]). 
His  other  children  were  Joscj)h,  John,  Ebcnezcr, 
David,  Josiah,  Daniel,  ]\Ioses,  .Vhigail,  and  Noah. 

PAllSOXS,  David,  tJie  minister  of  Maiden  and 
Leiceuter,  Mass.,  died  in  1737,  aged  about  ")2.  j 
Tlie  son  of  Joseph  of  N^orthampton,  he  gradinted 
at  Harvard  in  1705.  in  the  class  of  President  1  lol- 
yoke  ;  was  settled  first  at  Maiden  in  1703,  then 
at  Leicester  in  1721  ;  and  resigned  in  \~'6o.  His 
successor  was  D.  Goddard. 

P.UtSOXS,  Joseph,  minister  of  Salisbury, 
Mass.,  died  .March  13, 1740,  aged  09.  He  was  the 
son  of  Joseph  of  X'orthampton,  and  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1097,  and  was  installed  over  the  i  ecoiid 
chnreh  of  S.  in  171S.  He  had  been  jirevioiisly  at 
Lebanon,  Conn.,  from  1700  to  17()fS.  He  pub- 
lished a  sermon  at  ordination  of  J.  Plunt,  173,M. 

PARSOXS,  JosDPH,  minister  of  Bradford, 
Mass.,  died  in  I76j,  aged  62,  in  the  39th  year  of 


his  ministry.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  i;i  1720. 
He  ])uMislied  sermon  at  onliiiatioii  nf  S.  Web- 
ster, 1711;  at  artillery  eleetiiai,  1711;  election 
strmoii,  17.^9. 

P.iltSOXS,  .fosEPir,  minister  of  lirooklield, 
.Mass.,  died  in  1771,  aged  3S.  Porn  in  IJiadloni, 
lie  graduated  at  Harvard  in  17i'i2,  and  was  or- 
dained in  1707. 

I'.VPSOXS,  Jo.NATii.VN,  minister  in  Xe\vl)iirv- 
])ort,  Mass.,  died  July  19.  177(i,  aged  70.  Ho 
was  born  at  West  Springfield,  Mass.,  X'ov.  30, 
170j,  and  was  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  17'J9, 
iiaving  given  indications  of  an  uncommon  genius. 
He  was  ordained  in  1730  minister  of  Lyme, 
C(mn.,  where  he  continued  several  years.  'Mu,. 
last  thirty  years  of  his  life  were  sjient  at  Xew- 
buryimrt,  in  one  of  the  largest  congregations  in 
iVmerica.  His  labors  were  incessant,  and  he 
sometimes  sunk  under  liis  exertions.  During  his 
last  sickness  he  enjoyed  tlie  peace  of  a  Chiisii;ni, 
He  cxjiresscd  his  unwavering  assurance  of  an  in- 
terest  in  the  favor  of  God  through  the  Pedeemer. 
lie  was  a  Presliyterian.  As  a  ])reacher  he  was 
eminently  useful.  During  some  of  the  first  years 
of  his  ministry  his  style  was  remarkal)ly  correct 
and  elegant ;  but  afior  a  course  of  years,  when 
his  attenlion  was  ocenjiied  by  things  of  greater 
importance,  his  manner  of  writing  was  It'Js  jiol- 
ished,  though  perhaps  it  Ijst  nothing  of  its  jja- 
thos  and  energy.  In  his  iireaching  he  dwelt  nuuli 
and  with  earnestness  ujion  the  doctrines  of  grace, 
knowing  it  to  be  the  design  of  the  Christian  re- 
ligion to  humble  the  jiride  of  man  and  to  exalt 
the  grace  of  God.  He  labored  to  guard  hifi  [-eo- 
jile  both  agauist  the  giddy  wildness  of  enlhiisiasni, 
and  the  licentious  tenets  of  anlinomian  delusion. 
His  invention  was  fruitful,  his  imagination  rich, 
ills  voice  'lOar  and  commanding,  varying  witli 
every  va.ying  jiassion,  now  forcible,  miijesiic,  ter- 
ril'yipg.  and  now  soft,  and  jicrsnasive,  and  melt- 
ing. His  zealous  and  indefatigable  exertions 
were  not  in  vain.  During  his  ministry  at  Lyme, 
at  a  i)eriod  of  uncommon  effusion  of  God's  Sjiiiit 
of  grace,  he  indulged  the  belief  that  near  two 
hundred  of  his  peojjle  were  renewed  in  tho  dis- 
])ositions  of  their  minds,  and  enlightened  by  the 
truth  as  it  is  in  Jesus  ;  and  his  labors  at  Xcw- 
buryport  were  attended  by  a  ha])py  revival  of 
religion.  Ho  was  eminent  as  a  scholar,  for  lie 
was  familiar  with  the  classics,  and  ho  was  sl.illcd 
in  the  Latin,  Greek,  and  Hebrew  languages,  lie 
was  accounted  a  dexterous  and  masterly  reasnncr. 
His  church  is  now  called  the  old  south  church  of 
of  Ncwburyport  ;  it  has  been  thoroughly  rejiaircd 
and  ornamenled.  In  a  vault  beneath  the  juilpit 
—  a  low  vault,  yet  accessible  and  often  visited  — 
rest  the  remains  of  Mr.  Parsons,  Mr.  Wliitefiold, 
a  Mr.  Prince  ;  three  preachers,  Mr.  Whileiicld's 
eofiln  being  in  the  centre.  Mr.  PiiiT.ons'  firtt 
wife,  and   the  mother  of  uU  his  cliildrcn,  was 


I'AIISONS. 


TARSOXS. 


«30 


Phcbc  Griswold,  sister  of  Governor  M.  fJriswold, 
a  woiiuin  of  fervent  piety  niul  uiieoniinoii  taleiUs. 
AViieii  his  en}»n};eineiits  were  ]ire>sin|,',  she  sonio- 
tiines  wrote  liis  bcrmoii.s  for  liiiii.  Oiie  of  lii.s 
ilaiij-'litcrs.  was  the  mother  of  Simon  Greeiileuf. 
He  ])ubliHlie(l  a  . sermon  nt  Boston  lecture,  17-11.'; 
good  news  from  ;i  far  eountry,  in  seven  discourses, 
17.';();  oliservations,  etc.,  17.<7  j  manna  f^.itliered 
ill  liie  morning,  1701  ;  infant  bajitismfrom  heaven, 
in  two  discourses,  17(io  ;  a  sermon  on  the  deatii 
of  0.  Whitefield,  1770  j  freedom  from  civil  and 
ecclesiastical  tyranny  the  purchase  of  Clirist, 
1774  ;  sixty  sermons  on  various  subjects,  in  two 
volumes,  8vo.,   1780.  —  Hearl's  Sermon   oil  his 

dmih. 

TAUSOXS,  Moses,  minister  of  Byfield,  Mass.. 
died  Dec.  14,  1783,  aged  07.  Ho  was  born  .Tune 
20,  171G,  and  was  graduated  at  Harvard  coUej^e 
in  17136.  Ho  devoted  a  number  of  years  to  the 
labors  of  a  grammar  school,  and,  while  the  re- 
spect and  the  affection  of  his  pujjils  were  pre- 
served by  minified  dignity  and  mildness,  he 
endeavored  to  impress  them  with  religious  truth, 
and  to  give  them  that  instruction  whieli  migiit 
save  their  souls  from  death.  He  was  ordained 
June  20,  1744.  The  Maker  of  ihe  human  frame 
gave  him  a  most  gracelul  and  commanding  jires- 
cnco,  a  quick  concej)tion,  a  fertile  invention,  an 
casv  flow  of  thought  and  e.xpression,  a  correct 
judgment,  a  resolute  temper,  and  a  largo  share  of 
tlio  kind  and  tender  sensibilities.  Tlicse,  ex- 
jianded  by  a  liberal  education,  jjolished  by  a  large 
acquaintance  with  mankind,  and  sanctilicd  by  di- 
vine grace,  made  him  eminent  as  the  gentleman 
and  Christian,  the  divine  and  the  preacher.  When 
lie  had  once  deliberately  fi.xed  his  opuiion  or  his 
purpose,  no  opi)osition  could  shake  liim.  He  ul- 
wavs  carried  the  dignity  and  decorum  of  the 
Clnistian  minister  into  liis  most  cheerful  hours, 
and,  though  he  often  indulged  his  jjleasant  humor 
among  his  liends,  yet  he  never  degraded  himself 
by  the  puerile  jest,  the  boisterous  laugh,  or  by 
vain,  indelicate  mirth.  He  usually  mingled  with 
his  s])rightly  sallies  some  useful  lesson  of  a  moral 
I'litiire.  He  knew  how  to  be  familiar  without 
ineiinness,  sociable  without  loquacity,  cheerful 
without  levity,  grave  without  morosc.crs,  pious 
without  enthusiasm,  superstition,  or  ostentation, 
zealous  against  error  and  vice  without  ill-natured 
bitteruei;s,  affable  to  all  without  the  least  sacrilice 
of  liis  ministerial  dignity.  There  was  a  generous 
openness  in  his  language  and  behavior,  and  one 
could  almost  discern  his  heart  in  his  frank,  honest 
countenance.  He  was  influenced  by  enlarged 
benevolence.  He  was  a  zealous  advocate  of  the 
civil  and  religious  interests  of  his  beloved  Amer- 
ica. Emhient  us  a  preacher,  he  yet  greatly  ex- 
celled in  the  gift  of  prayer.  His  last  hours  were 
brightened  with  the  hopes  of  the  gosjiel.     He 


nntioipatod  .he  joy  of  dwcllin'.;  in  tin?  presence  of 
tiial  divine  .Saviour,  whom  he  had  miaciI  iu  bin 
cliuidi  below.  His  wifi?  was  liie  (iaughler  of  Kb- 
enezer  l)a\is  of  (iloucester,  whose  nioti.er  was 
tiie  great  grand-daughter  of  Joim  lloliinson,  of 
whom,  therefore,  Mr.  Parsons'  sou,  Ciiief  Justice 
I'arsoiis.was  a  descendant,  lie  ))ubli>hed  the  elec- 
tion sermon,  1772;  at  the  ordinalicm  of  J.  Dana, 
1700;  of  O.  I'.irsons,  177.'J. —  7W/y'""'.v  Scinon 
on  his  dia'Ji ;  Frisbic's  Onttivn  ;  S/iidijiic's  An- 
nal.i. 

PAllf^OXS,  David,  the  first  minister  of  Am- 
hcrst,  Mass.,  died  Jan.  I,  1781,  aged  08.  The 
son  of  Jtev.  ])avid  1*.  of  Maiden,  he  graduated 
a'  Harvard  in  1729,  and  was  ordained  Xov.  2, 
17.'J9.  liis  wife  was  Kunice  Weed  of  Wethers- 
field,  and  he  had  nine  children. 

PAJtSO.N'S,  Samlki.,  second  minister  of  ''vc 
X.  H.,  die  1  in  1789,  aged  77,  in  the  filty-thirj 
year  of  his  ministry.  He  graduated  at  Harvard 
in  \~'M,  and  succeeded  Xathaniel  Morrill  in  1700, 
ten  years  after  the  church  was  founded.  He  was 
respected  and  beloved.  He  admitted  into  the 
church  two  hundred  and  six  persons,  and  bap- 
tised six  or  seven  hundred. 

IWKhiOXS,  Saml'kl  Hoi.di;x,  major-general, 
was  drowned  in  descending  the  rapids  of  the  Big 
Beaver  river,  O.,  Xov.  17,  1789,  aged  o2.  He 
was  boi'ii  in  Lyme,  Conn.,  and  was  the  son  of  Bcv. 
Jonathan  P.,  who  removed  from  I. vine  to  Xew- 
buryiiort.  His  mother  was  the  sister  of  Gov.  M. 
Griswold.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  in  175G. 
He  settled  as  a  lawyer  in  Lyme,  and  there  mar- 
ried the  daughter  of  Itichard  Matlier,  a  descend- 
ant of  Kcv.  It.  M. ;  he  removed  to  Xew  London. 
He  sustained  various  jiublic  offices.  AVith  him 
originated  the  first  suggestion  of  assembling  a 
congress,  in  a  letter  of  March  li,  1773,  to  John 
Adams,  "  an  annual  meeting  of  commissioners 
from  the  colonies  to  consult  on  their  general  wel- 
fare ; "  a  fact  most  honorable  to  him.  He  and 
others  formed  the  design,  which  was  executed  by 
Ethan  Allen,  of  capturing  the  forts.  As  colonel 
he  was  hi  the  battle  of  Long  Island,  and  in  1776 
was  made  brigadii-r-gnieiul.  ])r.  llildreth  de- 
scribes his  many  iniiorlant  services  during  the 
war.  He  was  one  of  the  board  for  the  trial  of 
Andre,  -\fter  the  war  he  resumed  the  ])ractiee  of 
the  law  in  Middletown.  In  1780  he  was  a  coni- 
missi<nier  to  negotiate  with  the  Indians ;  and  by  a 
treaty  the  land  on  which  Cincinnati  stands  was 
acquired.  In  178"  he  was  a])poin;ed  a  judge  of 
the  Xorthwestern  Territory ;  in  1789,  chief 
judge.  In  the  same  year  he  visited  the  Wyan- 
dots,  to  arrange  with  them  for  holding  a  treaty, 
and  on  his  return  was  drowned.  His  son  is  S. 
II.  Parsons  of  Hartford.  He  jiublished  a  piece 
descriljing  the  discoveries  in  the  western  country, 
in Amer.  Acad.,  vol.  ii.  —  IlilJieth's Biuij.  Mem. 


C40 


IVUtSOXS. 


PARSONS. 


•■'•fd 


H    ' 


I'AIJ.SON.S,  OiiAiiiAii.  riiiiiistpr  of  iJlourpster, 
Mass.,  ilicd  ill  iNOl,  u;^(i|  ,')o.  JJoiii  in  (■.,  lie 
^railiiMii  il  ;it  Ilarvurd  in  1  TOM,  ami  was  ordained 
in  17"-',  i.ud  (li.snii.sM<l  in  177'J.  From  17H1  to 
1700  lie  was  the  niinisti-r  of  Lynn  ;  ilifn  ii  teacher 
m  (i.  —  S/>i(I!/iii'k  .[iiii'i/s. 

I'AliSONS,  riii.lti;,  nii'mornhlf  for  licr  piety, 
ditd  .Ian.  .),  ISO.),  iiffcd  ncuiiy  71.  Slic  li\ed  in 
Nortlianipton,  iiiid  was  the  wilR  ofXnali  I'ar.sons; 
but  she  died  wiiile  on  a  visit  to  lier  son  in  \\e.>.t 
hiun|)lon.  Her  name  was  I'iielie  liartlett,  and  of 
her  conversion  at  the  aK(!  of  ."J  or  (i  years,  Pres. 
Edwards  (jives  an  account  in  his  "  Xarrative."  — 
Li/f  ol'  JiikHu  lUhvorih,  ]).  11. 

PAltSONS,  Tiii:orniiA-.s,  LL.  D.,  chief  justice 
of  Massaciiusetts,  the  son  of  the  jireceding,  died 
in  Itoston  Oct.  t'lO,  1813,  aged  (33.  He  was  born 
Tel).  2\,  17.J().  His  early  education  was  at  Dum- 
iner  ucadcniy  under  Master  Moody.  After  },'rad- 
ualinj;  at  Harvard  colief^e  in  170!(,  he  studied  law 
with  ,(iidf,'e  liiaiilniry  of  Pahnouth,  now  Porthiml, 
nnd  kept  the  f,'rammar  school.  When  tlie  town 
was  Imriit  by  the  British,  he  returned  to  his  fath- 
er's, and  soon  opened  an  office  in  Newbui-yporl, 
In  17711  lie  was  ii  member  of  the  convention 
whii'li  framed  the  constitulion  of  Massachusetts; 
he  was  also  in  1789  a  member  of  the  State  con- 
vention whicii  ado])ted  the  constitution  of  the 
United  States.  He  removed  to  Boston  in  1800, 
well  skilled  in  the  civil  law  and  the  law  of  nations. 
After  an  extensive  ])racticc  of  thirty-five  years  he 
Rueceedeil  Chief  .Justice  J).ina  in  1806.  He  was 
himself  succeeded  by  Judf,'e  Sewall.  His  wife 
was  a  dauf;hter  of  IJenjamin  Greenleaf ;  he  left 
three  sons  and  four  dau},'htcrs.  He  was  of  lat^e 
size,  broad,  and  corpulent,  with  a  sallow  com])lex- 
ion,  and  heavy  apiiearnnce.  His  eyes  were  blue, 
tini,'e(l  with  hazel-<;ray,  sunk  in  his  head,  but 
.«;ometimes  twinklinj;  br!fi;ht.  His  high,  smooth 
forehead  was  ))artly  covered  with  a  reddish  skull- 
cap, which  he  wore,  ha-ving  been  bald  at  the  age 
of  thirty.  A  bandanna  handkerchief  often  ])ro- 
tected  his  neck  from  the  chiil\-  winds,  which  were 
his  alihorrence.  He  was  not  more  reniarkai)le 
for  his  dee])  learninp:,  than  for  the  keenness  oi'his 
wit.  His  rejiartees  were  often  very  cutting.  Not 
only  was  he  a  jirofound  lawyer,  Init  an  excellent 
classical  scholar  and  ^  .skilful  mathematician.  His 
])oiitical  influence,  in  the  j)arty  divisions  of  his 
day,  was  very  great.  He  was  a  most  detern;  -d 
federalist.  Of  his  belief  in  Christianity  he  made 
a  public  ])rofession  in  his  last  years,  joining  the 
church  in  Boston  of  which  Hr.  Kirkland  was  the 
pastor,  'riie  first  six  volumes  of  the  Massachu- 
setts reports  contain  many  of  his  judicial  decis- 
ions, in  the  o))inion  of  Judge  Parker,  had  he 
lived  in  Kngiand  he  would  have  been  made  lord 
chancellor  or  lord  chief  justice.  — Parker's  Sketch ; 
Kiinpp'ii  Iliofj.  Skelr/ies,  .')7-77. 

PAllbONS,  LL\i,  a  missionary  to  Palestine, 


died  I'eb.  10,  1822,  aged  'JO.  He  wafi  the  son 
of  .JuNlin  P.,  a  iiiiuiMer;  was  born  in  (iosluii 
Mass.,  .Inly  18,  171»-'.  .\t  the  age  of  sixteen  he 
became  a  Christian  convert ;  but  his  graces  were 
revived  while  he  was  a  member  of  college,  and 
he  became  earnestly  (hsircms  to  be  a  nn'ssionarv. 
During  three  revivals  of  religion  his  ellorts  were 
useful.  He  was  graduated  at  .Middlebur\  in 
1814,  and  studied  theology  at  Andover.  .\fter 
being  ordained  in  Se])t.,  1817,  he  was  an  agent  of 
the  board  of  missions.  In  Nov.,  1819,  he  .sailed 
with  Mr.  Pisk  for  Palestine,  and  arrived  at  Smyr- 
na Hi  Jan.,  1820:  after  ])assing  half  a  year  at 
Seio,  •!<•  ])roceod(d  to  Jerusalem,  where  he  re- 
mained from  Pel),  to  May,  1821.  On  his  return 
to  Smyrna  he  was  seized  with  a  distressing  mal- 
ady at  Syra.  In  December  he  went  with  Mr. 
Fisk  to  Alex.indria,  where  lie  died  in  great  jieace 
and  triumph.  He  was  a  good  scholar,  and  very 
amiable  and  interesting  in  his  manners  and  de 
voted  to  !'■  benevolent  work.  His  life  was  writ 
ten  li\  lii.s  orother-in-law,  D.  O.  Morton,  1824. 
He  published  a  sermon,  1810.  —  Sprai/ne's  An- 
nals. 

PAKSONS,  Davu  .  D.  D.,  minister  of  Am- 
herst, Mass.,  d'od  ac  Wethersfield,  Conn.,  May 
18,  1823,  aged  l-i  He  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1771,  nnd  succeeded  his  father  as  the  minis  er  of 
A.,  Oct.  2,  1782.  In  1795  he  declined  the  ap- 
])ointment  of  jjrofessor  of  divinity  at  Yale  col- 
lege. During  his  ministry  there  were  several  re- 
vivals. In  one.  in  the  year  1816,  one  hundred 
jjersons  were  added  to  his  church.  He  had  a 
zeal  for  education,  which  led  him  to  promote  the 
establishment  of  an  academy,  which  was  followed 
by  the  college.  He  was  dismissed  at  his  request 
in  1819;  D.  A.  Clark  was  his  successor.  His 
widow,  daughter  of  E.  AVilliams  of  Wethersfield, 
died  in  1850,  aged  86.  As  he  read  his  sermons 
he  had  but  little  action  in  the  ])ulpit ;  yet  his  de- 
livay  was  not  dull.  He  had  remarkable  social 
qualities.  He  sometimes  lamented  his  propensit) 
to  facetiousness,  for  which  he  once  offered  to  his 
brother-in-law.  Dr.  Howard  of  Springfield,  the 
])oor  excuse,  "  Grace  does  not  cure  squint  eves.'' 
i  He  restrained  himself  in  the  puljnt :  ho  might 
have  laid  restraints  upon  himself  out  of  it.  lie 
pubUshed  the  election  sermon,  1788;  at  the  ordi- 
nation of  J.  L.  Pomeroy,  1795.  —  HoUajid's  IIU- 
tori/  of  Hampshire ;  Spraiptc's  Anuals. 

PAllSONS,  Elijah,  minister  of  Ea.st  Haddam, 
Conn.,  died  in  1827,  aged  about  80.  Horn  in 
Northam])ton,  Mas.s.,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in 
1768,  and  was  ordained  in  1772.  He  was  a  fel- 
low of  the  college. 

PAKSONS,  Silas,  minister  at  Niagara,  \.  V., 
died  in  1839,  aged  78. 

PAllSONS,  Enoch,  the  son  of  Gen.  S.  Ii, 
Parsons,  died  at  Hartford  about  1839,  aged  ])er- 
haus  GO.    Ue  was  president  of  the  U.  S.  braucli 


PARSONS. 


I'.vnKX. 


G4l 


bank  nt  II.;  n  man  of  rarnrst  wlii;;  rliarartrr  in  ' 
liis   politics.     His   h.iii   is   Siiniiu'l  II.  Tarsons  of 
Middiotown. 

I'AllSONS,  TnoMAS  W.,  M.  ]).,  died  in  Ros- 
ton  in  1854.  He  received  his  medical  de^'ree  in 
1818. 

PAIISOXS,  Andrkw,  died  in  C'orunna,  Mich., 
in  IH.j.j.  Ho  was  lieiifonant-jjovcinnr  in  IH.VJ, 
and  in  the  same  year  >vas  f^ovenior  liv  (iov.  Mc- 
C'li'Uanil's  licconiin,:,'  secretary  of  the  interior. 

]'AUT]lIJ)C>K,(iir.()li<ii;,died  in  Dnxliury,  Mass., 
Jidy  7,  18:28,  ttffed  S.i.  He  Ki'iidui'ted  at  Harvard 
in  ITO'J;  and  was  a  delejjate  to  eonprress.  and  a 
representative  after  the  adojition  of  the  constitu- 
tion, from  177!)  to  17!)i. 

PAin'lHHGE,  Jf.vi.i'U,  first  minister  of  Ihix- 
burv,  .Mass.,  died  in  l()j8,  having  been  a  preacher 
fortv-niiie  years.  He  was  born  in  ]',n};land  and 
became  a  minister  of  the  established  chiirch ; 
but  by  the  severity  of  the  bishops  he  was  hunted, 
as  C.  Mather  says,  lilve  a  partridfje  upon  the 
mountains,  till  at  last  lie  resolved  to  get  o'lt  of 
their  reach  by  taking  his  flight  into  New  I'^ng- 
land.  He  arrived  at  Uoston  Nov.  14,  lO.'Jti,  and 
was  soon  settled  at  Duxbury.  lie  was  appointed 
with  Mr.  Mather  and  Mr.  Cotton  to  prejiare  a 
model  of  church  government  for  the  considera- 
tion of  the  synod  of  Cambridge  in  1C48.  He 
was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Holmes.  His  daughter 
Elizabeth  married  Kev.  T.  Thatcher,  and  her  son, 
Ralph  T.,  was  settled  at  Martha's  Vineyard  in 
1697.  In  the  inventory  of  his  projierty,  four 
hundred  volumes  of  books  are  mentioned,  and 
between  one  hundred  and  two  hundred  acres  of 
land.  Such  was  his  humility  and  self-denial,  that, 
when  most  of  the  ministers  of  Plymouth  colony 
left  their  places  for  want  of  a  suitable  mainten- 
ance, he  was  one  of  the  few  who  remained  with 
their  jieople.  —  Spra(jHc'.i  Annals. 

PAllTllIDGE,  Samukl,  colonel,  jirobably  the 
son  of  William,  died  in  Hatfield,  Mass.,  in  1740, 
aged  96.  Another  Col.  S.  P.,  probably  his  son 
or  grandson,  died  in  1799,  aged  92. 

P.\UTKH)GE,  Oi.iVKR,  a  member  of  the  first 
colonial  congress  in  1765,  died  at  Hatfield,  Mass., 
July  21,  1792,  aged  80.  He  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1730;  and  was  the  s(m  of  Edward  of 
Hatfield,  who  wa.s  the  son  of  Samuel,  the  son  of 
AVilliani,  one  of  the  early  settlers  on  the  Connec- 
ticut river,  who  came  from  Berwiek-on-Tueed, 
and  died  in  lladley.  His  widow,  Anna,  died  in 
1802,  aged  85.  His  fellow  delegates  to  congress 
were  James  Otis  and  'I'iinothy  Iluggles. 

PAKTUIDGE,  Oliver,  Dr.,  died  in  Stock- 
bridge  in  1850,  aged  99.  He  was  born  in  H«t- 
tield  April  15,  1751.  As  a  physician,  unmarried, 
he  li\ed  from  his  twentieth  year  forty-three  years 
in  the  faniih  of  Dr.  Sergeant,  they  harmoni- 
ously visiting  eacii  other's  patients.  He  was 
81 


skilful  in  diseases  of  children  ;  at   the  a;;e  of  97 
he  slill  was  in  practice. 

PAU'lKllKii;.  Ai.ln.N.  ciiptain.  died  in  Nor- 
wich, N't.,  his  native  phii-e,  .Ian.  Hi,  1S51,  aged 
about  70.  I'"or  nearly  fifty  years  be  was  :i  teaelier 
ill  all  the  liraiiches  of  military  knowledge.  At 
first  he  was  jirincijial  of  the  NVest  Point  academy  ; 
then  of  an  institution  of  In's  own  iit  Norwich,  Vt. 
and  Middletown.  Conn.,  at  I'ortsnioiith,  Va..  and 
in  his  last  years  at  lirainU wine  Springs,  where 
his  school-house  was  burnt.  His  fatal  illness  was 
very  brief,  lasting  only  tw<>nty-fbur  hours.  His 
character  w;is  marked  with  indom'table  |)ersever- 
ance,  and  zeal  for  the  )iroiiiotioii  of  military  sci- 
ence. He  lectured  in  many  places  on  military 
affairs.  He  i)ublishe(l  an  excursion,  1822;  lec- 
ture on  education  ;  on  national  defence. 

PASCAl.lS,  Fi.i.ix  A.  ().,  M.  ]).,  a  physician 
of  New  York,  died  in  18.'j;j,  aged  72. 

PASSACONAWAY,  an  Ir.dian  sagamore, 
called  the  Merrimae  sachem,  and  the  great  saga- 
more of  Panmikog,  or  Pe:;ncook,  died  in  1600. 
About  the  year  KJI'l  he  held  control  ovi'r  all  the 
Indians  in  New  Ham))shire  south  of  the  northern 
extremity  of  lake  Wlniiepisseogee.  To  him  the 
sachems  of  S(|iianiscot,  Newichwannock,  Paw- 
lueket,  and  some  tribes  in  Massachusetts  ac- 
knowledged subjection.  He  was  a  chief  of 
moderation,  yet  of  sagacity  and  cunning.  He 
had  great  re])utatinn  as  a  powow,  or  sorcerer. 
The  Indians  believed  that  he  could  make  water 
burn,  and  trees  dance,  and  that  lie  could  meta- 
morphose himself  into  flame  ;  that  from  the  skin 
of  a  serjient  he  could  jiroduce  a  living  one,  and 
change  the  ashes  of  a  leaf  into  a  green  leaf.  At 
a  great  dance  and  feast  in  1660,  he  made  his 
farewell  speech  to  his  peojjle,  and  exh(n'te(l  them 
to  live  in  ])eaee  with  the  English,  acknowledging 
thiit  he  had  tried  his  arts  as  a  ])ow()w  against 
them  iu  vain.  In  the  war  of  1675,  Wonolanset, 
his  son  and  successor,  withdrew  his  jieople  to 
some  remote  place,  that  he  might  not  jiartici- 
pate  in  the  quarrel.  —  Fdl's  Hist.  Xew  Eng. 

P.VITEN,  Wii.Li.AM,  minister  of  Hartford, 
Conn.,  died  Jan.  16,  1775,  aged  .'J6.  He  was  a 
grandson  of  William  P.,  who  lived  in  Cambridge 
from  1645  till  16<i.s ;  was  born  at  liillerica  in 
March,  1738.  and  was  graduated  at  Harvard  col- 
lege in  1754.  He  succeeded  J.  Cotton  as  the 
minister  of  Halitas.  Mass.,  hi  Feb.,  1758;  but 
was  dismissed  hy  reason  of  ill  health  in  1768. 
He  was  afterwards  the  niini:iter  of  the  south 
church  in  Hartford,  as  the  colleague  of  K.  Whit- 
man, about  seven  years.  After  languishing  two 
years,  and  losing  his  voice,  he  died  in  his  father's 
family  at  Itoxbury.  He  was  an  eminently  elo- 
quent, po])ular,  and  faithful  preacher.  Leaving 
a  wife  and  six  children  with  little  projierty,  he 
committed  them  ai  faith  to  tiii«  God  of  the  widow 


CA2 


I'A'rrEX. 


P.Vn'ERSON. 


•nU  fiillicrlcss.  His  widow,  llie  danfflitcrof  I'rcs. 
id*"  It  I'^liMzar  Wlicclock,  cniiiicnt  lor  Iut  jiii'ly. 
(lied  at  Ilartfoid  Dec.  r,,  is;jl,  iigtd  01.  —  2  6WV. 
llinl.  Hor.,  IV.  :iS'i. 

I'A'ITKX,  Oi-om.r.  .I.\ri  lu-y,  an  rmii)ent 
teachi'i  in  Hartford,  died  Marcli  IT,  Ik;J(i,  :ij;cd 
about  !H\.  lie  was  tin-  son  of  1U\  Wni.  I'attcn 
and  llutli  Wlicclock;  and,  as  his  father  died 
wlicn  lie  wnH  a  child,  it  was  hy  tlie  aid  of  his 
brother  that  he  was  cdiicuted.  He  (graduated  at 
J'rovidciice  in  1702;  then  tanglit  a  fjnimmar 
Hchool  in  Jliirtfiird  six  years;  and  was  sulisc- 
qucntly  m{,'!igcd  five  years  in  coninicrcial  affairs. 
At  length  lie  cstiililislied  in  coiijnnction  with  his 
sisters  an  indejiendent  school,  to  which  he  de- 
voted the  remainder  of  his  life,  thirty-two  years. 
It  was  a  school  of  great  distinction  and  useful- 
ness ;  he  had  under  his  care  three  thousand 
youth  of  both  sexes.  Very  many  he  prepared 
for  college.  All  the  virtues  of  n  son  and  n 
brother  were  his.  Only  a  year  or  two  did  his 
aged  mother  survive  liim.  .Mr.  Patten  was  evan- 
gelical in  his  religions  sentiments,  and  he  cl:tr- 
i.shed  a  hope  that  he  was  a  Christian  convert ; 
but  in  his  difHdence  he  never  made  a  jnihlic  jiro- 
fession  of  his  fniih.  Yet  he  was  a  man  of  pray-r 
in  private  and  in  the  family. 

PATTEN,  William,  I).  ]).,  died  at  Hartford, 
Conn.,  March  9,  1839,  aged  70.  He  was  the 
Bon  of  llev.  William  Patten  ;  was  graduated  ut 
Dartmouth  in  17K();  and  settled  as  successor  of 
Mr.  Stiles  in  178(1  at  Xewjiort,  where  hejireached 
for  forty-eight  years.  He  married  Hannah  Hurl- 
but  of  New  London  ;  she  died  at  Brooklyn  Aug. 
30,  18j5,  aged  80.  To  the  jiraise  of  her  benev- 
olence, it  is  said  that  she  set  up  at  Xew])ort,  forty 
years  jirevionsly,  the  first  ragged  school  in  this 
country,  aided  by  Mrs.  Floride  Calhoun  of  South 
Carolina.  Her  children  were  William,  a  lawyer 
of  Providence ;  Joseph  of  New  York;  George  W., 
a  captain  in  the  army ;  lluth,  married  to  F.  AV. 
Hotchkiss  of  Hartford  ;  Mary  Anna,  married  to 
C.  S.  Halsted  of  Brooklyn ;  and  others.  Dr. 
Patten  was  a  distinguished  theologian,  but  meek 
and  lowly  in  heart,  most  kind  and  benevolent. 
He  died  after  a  short  illness,  in  which  he  suffered 
little  pain.  He  published  a  sermon  after  his  or- 
tlination,  1780:  on  the  slave  trade,  1792;  Chris- 
tianity the  true  thi^oiogy,  against  Paine,  1795; 
on  the  deti.  h  of  President  Siiles,  1 795  ;  of  ])r. 
feaac  Senner,  1799 ;  before  the  African  benevo- 
lent soeien-.  1808. —  Sprar/iie's  Annuls. 

PATTI:N,  lUm,  Miss,  died  in  Hartford  March 
1,  1850.  r;ared  80,  daughter  of  Kcv.  Wni.  Patten, 
and  sister  <>(  Ilev.  Dr.  AVm.  I'atten  of  Newport, 
and  graii'd-daughter  of  ]{ov.  Dr.  E.  Wheelock  ;  a 
•woman  of  an  eminent  Christian  character  and 
Mghly  useful.  Her  sister  Mary,  also  an  excellent 
woman,  who  had  always  l)een  her  companion,  fol- 


lowed her  in  a  few  d»y»,  dying  April  10,  1850, 
aged  Ki. 

PA'ITKRSON,   William,  governor  of  New 
Jersey,  and  associate  judge  of  the  supreme  court 
of  the  United    .States,   (lied   Sepf     0,   IHOti,   a<^, y! 
aliout  <).'}.     He  was  a   native  of  New  Jersey,  and 
wan   graduated  at   the  college  in    that   .^tate  in 
17(i;{.     He  was  a  mem'ier  of  the  convention  in 
1787  which  framed   tin; constitution  of  the  United 
States,  and  his  name  is  affixed  to  that  insirumenf. 
When  the  new  government  commenced  its  ojjera- 
tions  in  178!),  he  was   a   memU'r  of  the  senate 
from  New  Jersey.     Ho  was  chov<'n  goveriuii-  in 
1790  as  successor  of  Mr.  Livingston.     M'hile  a 
1  judge  of  the  sujircme  court  of  the  United  States 
.  he  died  at  Albany.     In    this  office   he  was   suc- 
!  cecdcd    by  Urockholst  Livingston.     He  was  an 
able  statesman,  an  u])rigl.t  judge,  and  a  disinter- 
ested friend    of  Iiis  country.     Ho  endured   the 
sufferings  of  a   lingering  and  distressing  disease 
with   exemjilary  patience.     When    he  saw  that 
death  was  at  hand,  he  sent  for  a  minister  to  re- 
ceive fr(mi  him  the  sacrament.     The  judge  oh- 
i  served,  that  it  had  been  for  some  time  past  his 
,  intention  to  receive   that  sacred   rite,  but   that 
]  some   ca.sualty  or  other  had    always   prevented 
j  him.     He  did  not  wish,  however,  to   leave  the 
,  ivorld  before  he  had  fulfilled  his  duty.    When 
I  iho  minister  mentioned  the  qualifications  which 
fire  required  of  those  who  partake  of  that  holy 
ordinance,  he   acquiesced    in  them   all,  and  rc- 
maiked,  at  the  same  time,  that  he   had   alwavs 
been  a  believer  in  the  truths  of  Christianity  ;  that 
the  only  point  on  which  he  had  ever  entertained 
any  doubt,  was  the  divinity  of  the  Saviour ;  but 
he  had  long   since  examined   that  subject,  and 
satisfied  his  mind  upon  it ;  that  he  had  now  no 
hesitation  in  professing  his  belief  in  all  the  doc- 
trines  of  our  religion.     He   then   received  the 
communion  with   the    utmost  devotion.     When 
the  minister,  as  he  retired,  expressed  his  apjirc- 
hension  that   they    should  not  meet  again,  he 
re])lied,   "  Yes,  I  trust  we  shall ;  we  shall  meet 
again  in  heaven."  —  Clarke's  Fun.  Ser. 

■pATTEIlSON,  PvOBi-RT,  LL.  I).,  jiresidcnt  of 
the  American  philosophical  society,  died  July  22, 
1824,  aged  81.  He  was  born  in  the  north  of 
Ireland  May  30,  1743.  In  17G8  he  emigrated 
to  Philadelphia.  In  1774  he  was  appointed  prin- 
cipal of  the  academy  at  Wilmington,  Delaware. 
In  the  Revolutionary  war  he  acted  as  brigade 
major.  In  1779  he  was  appointed  jjrofessor  of 
mathi  matics  in  the  university  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  then  vice-provost.  He  was  succeeded  by  his 
son  of  the  same  name  in  1814.  Li  1805  he  was 
appointed  director  of  the  mint  of  the  United 
States.  In  1819  he  was  chosen  president  of  the 
American  jicace  society.  In  the  transactions  of 
the  philosophical  society  he  pubhshed  many  pa- 


PAriEHSOX. 


PAYSOX. 


C43 


prrM.     A  rPTnarkalilc  trait   of  liin  charootor  wns  ' 
liis   fiMvi'iit    pii'ty.      It    iiilliifiicid  all   lii.-i  criiuliic! 
I'nmi  lii"*  VDutli.     Ill'  was  an  litliT  of  tiic  Scoltii  | 
l'ri">*l)vtcriaii  rliiirrh  ni'arl)  lialf  ii  I'ontury.  I 

rA'n'I"K"><)\,(ii:()K(;i;,  M.  1).,  n  naptist  min- j 
istrr,  (licil  at  Ciiiciniiaii  iu  Dec,  IN.'Jl,  aged  4  I, ' 
tiic  pastor  of  t'lc  church  in  Itacc  street. 

rAiri'.USOX,  Josiomj,  minister  at  Pittsburg;, 
Penii.,  illed  in  \Hli'2. 

I'A'rri'.llSOX,  Wii.i.lAM,  a  distinfjulslicd  mer- 
chinit,  died  in  Ilaltiniore  in  IS.'Jo,  aged  So. 

I'ATl'KUSON,  JamivS,  died  iu  Philadelphia 
Nov.  12 1,  Wil,  iv^e{\  iJO.  Settled  in  the  Northern 
Liberties  in  1814,  in  his  hricf  ministry  one  thou- 
sand six  hundred  and  ninety  jjersons  were  re- 
ceived into  ids  church ;  and  there  were  hundreds 
of  converts  as  he  preached  elsewhere,  the  labors 
of  no  preacher  since  the  days  of  Whitefield  bav- 
in" been  more  blessed.  Under  his  patronafje 
sixtv  ynun;;  men  became  mhiisters.  lie  jjub- 
livhed  many  useful  tracts. 

P.Vri'l'.KSON,  I)AMi:i.  T.,  died  at  Washing- 
tnn  in  IN.')!),  lie  was  a  captain  ia  the  navy,  and 
commander  of  the  navy  yard  at  W. 

l'A'rri:USON,  HuisI'KT  M.,  Dr.,  director  of 
the  United  States  mint,  died  at  Philadelphia  in 
1S,J4.  He  was  president  of  the  American  ])hilo- 
8oi)hical  society,  and  had  been  u  jjrofessor  in  the 
universities  of  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia. 

P.V'i' riSON,  GiiANViLi.i:  f'liARi'i;,  M.  D.,  died 
at  New  York  Nov.  12,  18,jl,  aged  CO,  professor 
of  anatomy  in  the  university. 

P.VUGUS,  sachem  of  Pigv.awkett,  was  killed 
near  the  ])ond  in  Fryeburg,  Me.,  in  l.ovewell's 
ii:;iit,  April  18,  1725.  A  man  by  the  name  of 
Chamberlain  slmt  him. 

P.\UL,  Sii  AS,  an  Indian  Baptist  preacher  at 
Gavhead  on  Martha's  Vineyard,  was  ordained  in 
1"0;J  and  died  in  1787.  His  inscri])tion  on  a 
gravestone  there  is  as  follows  :  "  Yeuuh'  Wohhok' 
Sipsin'  Sir  Paul'  Nohtobeyontok'  Aged  49  :  years' 
Nupiioop'Tali' August'  24th  1787."  The  corre- 
fijionding  English  is  this  :  Here,  the  body,  lies, 
.Silas  Paul,  an  ordained  preacher,  died,  then  or  in. 

PAUL,  Thomas,  African,  Baptist  minister  of 
blacks  in  Boston,  died  April  l.'i,  1831,  aged  .J4. 
A  few  days  before  him  died  another  African  min- 
ister, Richard  AUoi,  of  Philadelphia,  aged  70. 

PAUL,  Natiiaxiki.,  a  colored  Baptist  minis- 
ter, died  in  Albany  about  1S42.  His  widow,  a 
white  English  woman,  died  in  Northani])ton, 
Mass.,  in  18.53,  aged  00,  or  more.  She  w;r  »up- 
])ortcd  by  jjrivate  charity.  He  was  a  mul.vlco. 
light  colored.     She  loved  him. 

PAULDING,  John,  one  of  the  captors  of 
Major  Andre,  died  in  1818,  aged  59.  He  was 
three  times  a  prisoner  with  the  enemy  in  New 
York;  twice  he  csca])ed,  the  second  time  only 
four  daysl/efore  Andre  wa.s  taken;  from  his  third 
imprisonment  he   was   released   by   the  peace. 


Tlie  wiitcli,  hor^e,  saddle  and  liridle  of  .\ndre. 
wllh  N(»  dollars  in  <'onliiieutiil  bills,  were  ret;iined 
as  lawful  prize,  liehig  the  property  of  an  ominy, 
and  were  sold  and  the  ninne)  divided  among  the 
three  captors  and  four  others  of  the  party,  who 
were  keeping  a  look-out  half  a  mile  distant.  Col. 
Wm.  S.  .Smith  ]nirehased  the  watch  for  3(1  guin- 
eas. J\idge  lleuson  states,  that  the  watdi  was 
sent  from  a  jiersou  uidtnown  to  Lieut. -Governor 
Elliot  in  New  York,  und  by  him  sent  to  the 
family  of  Major  .\ndre.  I'aulding  and  his  com- 
l)unions.  Van  Wart  and  Williams,  received  frcnn 
congress  a  silver  medal,  ou  one  side  of  which 
was  a  shield.  iuKcrii)ed  "  FIDELITY,"  and  on  the 
other  the  motto,  "  VINCIl'  A.MOlt  P.VI'UIvE;" 
also  an  annuity  of  two  hundred  dcdlars.  He  died 
at  Yorktown,  or  Staatsburg.  The  corjjoration  r.f 
New  York  iu  1S27,  erected  a  marble  monument 
to  his  niemoiN  in  the  church-yard,  two  miles  from 
Peekskill  vill  ige,  Weslehester  county. 

P.\\\'LING,  Ai,i!i;ui',  ccdonel,  died  in  Troy 
Nov.  10,  1S37,  aged  88.  As  an  olHcer  of  the 
Revolution  he  was  engaged  in  various  battles. 
He  was  the  first  slierilf  of  Rensselaer  county, 
New  York,  and  first  mayor  of  the  city  of  Troy. 

P.\YNE,  Wii.i.iAM,  captain,  died  ia  Clinton, 
\'irginia,  in  1837,  aged  83.  He  commanded  the 
Fiihnouth  blues  several  years  in  the  war;  also  a 
company  of  volunteers  at  the  siege  of  Yorktown. 

P.VYNE,  Jtui.N  HovvAiiii,  consul  at  Tunis,  died 
in  18.J2.  He  was  the  author  of  the  song,  "  Home, 
sweet  home,"  and  of  dramatic  ])ieces  and  poems. 

I'AYSON,  Edward,  minister  of  Rowley,  Mass., 
died  in  1732,  aged  7.5.  The  son  of  Edward  of 
Roxbury;  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1077,  and 
was  ordained  in  1082.  His  sons  were  Samuel, 
Eliot,  Ste])ben,  Jonathan,  David,  and  Phillips. 
He  jiubUsbed  two  sermons  on  awful  irovidences, 
I  1728. 

I      PAYSON,    Piin.LiPS,    minister   of   Walpole, 
Mass.,  died  ia  1778,  aged  74.     Born  in  Dorches- 
ter, he  graduated  at  Harvard  in    1721,  and  was 
ordained  1730;  and  at  his  death  was  in  the  forty- 
[  eighth  year  of  his  ministry,  highly  respected.    lie 
I  ])ul)lisbed   two   fast   sermons  ou   the  war  with 

Spain,  1711. 
I     PAYSON,  Piiii.i.ii's,  1).  D.,  minister  of  Chel- 
I  sea,  Mass.,  died  Jan.  11,  1801,  aged  04.    He  was 

a  descendant  of  Edward  1'.,  who  lived  in  Rox- 

I 

*  bury  in   1049,  the  grandson  of  Edward   P.,  the 

fifth  minister  of  Rowley,  and  the  son  of  PhiUips 

P  ,  minister  of  Walpole  ;  was  born  Jan.  18, 1730. 

He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1754. 

From  the  time  of  his  ordination,  Oct.  20,  1757, 

he  continudl  to  discharge  the  duties  of  the  sacred 

office  with  zeal  and  fidelity  ti  1  his  death.     He 

was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Tucker.nan.    During  the 

j  struggle,  which  terminated  in  the  hidejiendence 

;  of  America,   Dr.  Paysou   boldly   advocated  the 

I  cause  of  his  country.     As  a  classical  scholar  he 


C44 


PAYSON. 


rr,.\Doi)Y. 


roue  to  (li:<tincti()ii,  anrl  mnuy  youn;^  men  rp- 
ccivcd  tlic  iikIIiiicuis  of  their  (•(liicalidn  i  tier 
liiin.  lliH  nc(|ii.iiiil.iiic('  Mitli  astronomy  and 
natural  iiliiloNopliy  in  cvintcd  l)y  liis  tractn  in  llic 
tniMNHClions  of  the  Aini'rican  academy  of  arts 
and  sciences.  Ah  n  linister  lie  was  the  friend 
ond  father  of  Urn  ]><  'e,  and  he  ])rpnchv'd  wiili 
energy  of  diction  jiallioH  of  delivery.     He 

])ulilished  an  electidii  sermon,  177S;  nt  the  ordi- 
nation of  liiN  hrolher,  John  P.  of  I'ltchliurff,  ITOHj 
of  his  brother,  iSetli  I'aysoii  of  llindKc,  \'H'2  ;  on 
the  battle  of  lie.\in<,'ton  ;  on  the  death  of  Wash- 
inf^lon,  IHOO.  —  /liiriidid'n  Fun.  Ser. 

I'AYSOX,  John,  first  minister  of  Fitchl)urg, 
died  in  1801,  aged  5!).  The  brother  of  Dr.  riiillipH 
P.,  ho  jjnidimted  at  Harvard  in  1701,  and  was 
ordained  in  1708.  Hi.s  succesiHor  wai  S.  Wor- 
cester. 

PAYSON,  Seth,  1).  ]).,  minister  of  Kindle, 
N.  II.,  brother  of  the  jirccedin^r,  wan  lioni  Sejjt.  I 
19,  1758;  was  Rradualtil  nt  Harvard  Dllejjc  in, 
1777;  ordained  bee.  1,  178:.';  and  die  i  Feb.  20,  j 
18'JO,  aged  (il.  Hi.s  widow, Grata,  died  in  181i7. 
He  possessed  sniierior  abilities,  and  was  a  jjlain, 
faithful,  and  useful  preacher.  He  was  a  trustee 
of  Dartmouth  college  and  a  niemberof  the  Amer- 
ican foreign  mission  society.  He  published  proofs 
of  illuminism,  an  abstract  of  Robinson  and  IJar- 
ruel,  12mo.,  1802;  two  fast  sennons,  1805;  on 
the  death  of  S.  Waters,  1802;  of  J.  Gushing, 
1800;  of  L.  Pillsbury,  1819;  at  the  ordination  of 
E.  Hill,  1790;  of  J.  IJrown,  1795;  of  J.  Con- 
verse, 1800;  of  E.  Payson,  1808;  of  J.  Wright, 
1812;  befori'  tJu.  ,^'ocial  lodge;  election  sermon, 
1199.— f^-.'iu.;,::'.:  Annuls. 

PAYS(J>T.  Edm'UID,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Port- 
land, Alyi  ;:..  the  >ijn  of  the  preceding,  died  Oct. 
22,  1827,  o<;"d  } !..  He  was  born  July  25,  1783  ; 
■was  graduated  .'.i  Harvard  college  in  1803 ;  and 
for  three  years  was  the  teacher  of  an  academy  at 
Portland.  At  this  period  the  death  of  a  brother 
had  a  favorable  influence  on  his  religious  charac- 
ter, and  he  engaged  with  a  pious  zeal,  which 
continued  through  life,  in  the  cause  of  Jesus 
Christ.  He  was  ordained  as  the  colleague  of  Mr. 
Kellogg,  Dec.  16,  1807 ;  lie  afterwards  became 
the  sole  pastor  of  a  new  church.  His  successor 
■was  Dr.  Tyler.  In  liis  distressii  fi  thickness  he 
displayed  in  the  most  interesting  ai.d  impressive 
manner  the  power  of  Christian  faith.  Smitten 
down  in  the  midst  of  his  days  and  usefulness,  he 
was  entirely  resigned  to  the  divine  will,  for  he 
perceived  distinctly,  that  the  infinite  wisdom  of 
God  could  not  err  in  the  dirocion  of  events,  and 
it  was  his  joy  that  God  rcignelh.  His  mind 
rose  over  bodily  pain,  and  in  the  strong  visions 
of  eternity  he  seemed  almost  to  lose  the  sense  of 
suffering.  Ilis  wife  was  Ann  Louisa  Shipman  of 
New  Haven.  She  died  at  Williamstown  Nov. 
17,    1848,  nged  64.     One  of  his  daughters    is 


the  wife  of  Piofessor  Hopkins  of  Willinmn  col- 
lege, and  is  kno«n  by  lier  valiiiil)lc  wri!.;;y  . 
During  about  twenty  yiirs  Iw  won  exclu- 
sively devoted  to  the  work  of  the  ir!iu.'!ry, 
with  increasing  usefulness,  being  the  inut:  jnient 
of  the  conversion  to  the  Christian  faith  of  some 
hundreds  of  his  hearers.  He  re|)catedly  declined 
invitations  to  retr  /  ■  to  Uoston  and  New  York. 
Among  his  unco'iiiii'.;!  intellectual  jiowers  a  rich 
fancy  was  the  nost  conspicuous.  Without  anv 
of  the  graces  of  the  orator,  liis  jjreaching  liad 
the  elo(|uence  of  truth  and  feeling.  In  liis  ]iraver» 
especially  there  was  a  solemnity,  fulness,  origin- 
ality, variety,  pathos,  and  sublir.ity,  seldom 
equalled.  Some  of  his  discourses,  on  which  lie 
bestowed  labor,  exhibit  a  jjolished  taste  and  nnich 
grace  and  beauty  of  language.  His  eloquent 
addn  nS  to  the  bible  society  has  been  published 
as  one  of  the  tracts  of  the  American  tract  socictv. 
He  published  a  discourse  on  the  worth  of  the 
bii)le  ;  an  address  to  seamen  ;  and  a  thanksgiv- 
ing sermon.  A  memoir  of  his  life,  by  Asa  Cinii- 
mings,  was  published,  2d  edit.,  1830;  a  volume 
of  sermons,  8vo.,  1828;  another  volume,  12mo., 
1831. 

PAYSON,  PniLi-irs,  died  in  Fayetteville,  N.  Y., 
Feb.  16,  1856,  after  an  illness  of  four  days,  ngcd 
GO.  Uorn  in  llindge,  the  son  of  Dr.  S.  Pi  yson, 
he  studied  theology  at  Andover,  and  was  some 
years  the  minister  of  Leominster,  and  then  else- 
where ;  but  for  a  few  of  his  last  years  he  had  not 
strength  to  preach.  He  was  a  scholar,  a  diligent 
inquirer  after  truth,  an  earnest,  faithful  man.  He- 
fore  his  death  he  had  the  joy  of  seeing  the  Inst 
of  six  children  converted  to  Christ,  aa  lie  hoped. 
His  end  was  peace. 

PEALODY,  Olh-EK,  minister  of  Natick,  Mass., 
and  mis.sionary  to  the  Indians,  died  in  j)eace  Fel). 
2,  1752,  aged  53.  He  was  born  in  lloxford  in 
1698,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1721. 
He  was  the  son  of  William  and  grandson  of  Fran- 
cis, who  came  over  in  the  ship  Planter  in  1035. 
He  was  pious  in  early  life,  and  while  in  college 
was  preparing  for  the  ministry.  Emjiloyed  by 
the  commissioners  for  propagating  the  gosjicl,  lie 
preached  first  at  Natick  Aug.  6,  1721;  there 
were  then  but  two  families  of  white  people  in  the 
town.  The  Indian  church,  which  the  apostolic 
Eliot  had  founded,  was  now  extinct,  the  Indian 
preacher,  Daniel  Tahhowompait,  having  died  in 
1710;  and  all  records  were  lost.  A  new  church 
was  formed  Dec.  3,  1729,  consisting  of  three  In- 
dians and  five  white  persons,  and  he  was  ordained 
at  Cambridge  Dec.  17th.  Through  his  influence 
many  of  the  Indians  were  induced  to  abandon 
their  savage  mode  of  living  and  to  attend  to  hus- 
bandry as  the  means  of  subsistence ;  he  had  the 
hai)i)iness  to  see  many  of  the  Indian  families  with 
comfortable  houses,  cultivated  fields,  and  flourish- 
ing orchards.    But  his  chief  aim  was  to  teach 


i'r;Aiif)i)Y. 


M'.AIIODY. 


fijfl 


llirin  llio  rcliu'I'in  of  Jesus  Clirixt.  There  wrri*' 
leliliil  I"  lln'  I  luircli  ill  ill!  t'lrsl  jeiir  tweiilv  'wii 
i.efiiiis.  M'MTil  III'  wh'iMi  were  IiidimiM  j  in  Julj, 
17  I.J.  Ik"  ^liili''l  ill"'  ill  llii'  Iv  II  ])rei'((liii)»  \i'nrK 
nliDiit  lifty  liml  lii-cii  roci  ivcil  iiilD  the  diiiri'l*. ' 
Ajfiii.ist  ill*'  Nifi' •'f  intt'iiiperiniee  iimonj^  the  In- 
iliiiliN  lie  ►ct  liimself  willl  j,'r('at  ze:il  iinil  iiuieli 
hiiceis-,  Piiiiii;,'  his  roiihiieo  lit  N.itick  he  Imj)- 
ti/cil  one  iiiiiiiireil  mill  ei;;hty-nine  Iiiilians,  iiiid 
fimr  lMii:<lmi  .1111!  twenty-two  whiles  j  miil  he  re- 
eeivcd  1(1  ilie  rhiirch  thiit\-li\e  Iniliiins  and  thirty 
whites  i  and  tin  vc  died  two  hundred  and  lil'l\-six  j 
Indians,  of  whom  one  was  110  yearn  old.  I)ur- 
\nf{  one  seiiKon  he  went  on  a  mission  to  the  Mo- 
he;,Miis.  (jov.  lleleiier  wiiM  ('s|)ct'iiilly  Ills  I, '"lul. 
His  will' was   llannali,  dni-liler  of  Jlev.  Ji    .  jih 


ivcr, 


Ilaxter    of   Mi'dlield.       IIi,    elilest         n.    <"•' 
ordained  at  Uoximry  In  Nov.,  IT.IO 
l".J2j  he  had  eleven  other  childri 
rcssor  at    Nutieli   was   Ste|)Iien    1^ 
wiioni  the   Indians  (lej,'eneraled,  aiii 
ehurch  a;;aiu  lieeanie  aiinosi  extinct. 
It.,  the  niinisteis  were  l'"reenian.  Sears,  and  .\lai 
tin  .Moore.     Mr.   I'eahody  was  eniinentiy  jiious 
niid   fjrcallj    lieloved   and   lamented.     He   jmli- 
lislied  artillery  election  sermon,  17.'J2j  on  a  f^ood 
ami  had  ho])e  of  .salvation,  1712.  —  i'uuojil.  VII. 
■I'J-'iC) ;  Siir(i(/ii<'x  Aiiiiii/n. 

I'1"AIK)I)Y,  Sri;i'lli;.\,  minister  of  Atkinson, 
N.  II.,  died  in  ISIO,  aj^ed  'H.  He  f;radunted  at 
Dartmouth  in  1709.  It  is  said,  that  while  he  was 
a  cluiiilain  in  the  army  he  had  occasion  to  ad- 
minister rcjiroof  for  i)rofanenes.s  to  Cols.  C'iUey 
and  I'oor.  Dedininj,'  from  strict  Orthodoxy,  he 
w  as  refjardcd  hy  some  as  a  Unitarian.  He  i>ul)- 
lishcJ  a  sermon  at  ordination  of  J.  Wehster, 
1799;  of  M.  Dow,  1801  i  election  .sermon,  1797. 

PEABODY,  X.vni.vNiKi,,  a  ])hysician  and  Rev- 
olutionary patriot,  died  June  27,  1823,  af,'ed  82. 
He  was  horn  at  Topsfield,  MaH.s.,  March  1,  1741 ; 
his  father,  the  son  of  Jacob  I'.,  was  a  physician, 
removed  to  Leominster  in  1745  and  died  in  175!); 
his  mother,  Susanna,  was  the  daughter  of  John 
Kogcrs,  mmi.ster  for  fifty  years  of  Iloxford,  who 
was  the  son  of  Jeremiah  of  Salem.  Having 
studied  with  his  fatiicr,  he  settled  at  Atkinson, 
N.  II.,  and  had  extensive  practice.  In  Oct.,  1774, 
he  was  appointed  a  lieutenant-colonel,  and  in 
Doc.  he  accompanied  Langdon,  Bartlett,  and  Sul- 
livan in  the  capture  of  fort  William  and  Mary  at 
Newcastle.  As  a  member  of  the  legislature  his 
jiatriotic  services  were  important.  In  1778  he 
was  adjutant-general  of  the  militia,  with  the  rank 
of  colonel.  Being  appointed  a  delegate  to  con- 
gress, he  took  his  seat  June  22,  1779,  and  was  a 
very  useful  member.  In  1780  he  was,  with  I'hili]) 
Schuyler  and  J.  Matthews,  on  the  committee  of 
congress  to  repair  to  head-quarter.s,  for  the  gen- 
eral improvement  of  the  military  system.  It  was 
a  laborious  service;    his   zeal  and   labor.?  were 


rommi'ndeil  by  (ireene,  U.  II.  F.or,  mid  citlnri. 
In  the  .iiitnnin  he  i'i'si;;ii<'d  hit  seat.  In  siilmo- 
H'unt  years  lie  was  a  re|prrseiitati\e,  seiiiilor,  and 
ciiiMlcilior;  in  \''M  he  was  iiii|i(>inted  :i  miijiir- 
geneml  of  the  militia.  Duriii);  Kcvrrnl  of  the 
last  years  of  his  life  lie  was  for  debt  coiitiiied  to 
the  limits  of  the  itrison  ut  Ivxclcr,  whore  he  died. 
This  old  Ueviiliili(in;irv  |iatriot,  and  Kol>ert  Mor- 
ris, whoso  financiiil  '  iieratiiilis  contriliiiled  in  a 
ver\  high  degrro  in  the  success  of  Washington 
and  the  estaMishment  of  American  inde|)ondeiieo, 
both  died  in  jirison,  not  for  crime,  but  debt. 
When  will  laws,  which  arc  retnnaiits  of  a  bar- 
baniiiK  age,  be  repealed? — (ien.  reabody  left  no 
child;  his  aged  widow  snrviM'd  him.  He  was  a 
man  of  hninor  and  wii.  In  his  politics  he  was  a 
decided  ii'piilijican.  Notwithstaniling  liis  patriot- 
ism and  public  services,  ho  hud  some  faults;  !• 
was  vahi  and  obstinato,  and  in  middle  life  foi.d 

dicss  and  parade.  Being  a  good  horseman,  ho 
xpendeil  iiuich  money  in  the  purchase  of  elegant 
horses,  and  travelled  with  a  servant.  If  there  is 
no  excuse  for  his  extravagance,  yet  he  asserted 
that  his  misfortune!)  were  owing  to  his  losse»  by 
suretyship,  and  the  misconduct  of  his  agents  and 
liretended  friends.  —  Farmer's  (.'ullcct.  ill.  1-10  j 
T/inclirr. 

I'llAIiODY,  Oi.iviR,  judge,  died  ut  F.xeter, 
X.  H.,  .Vug.  ;j,  18;jl,  aged  79.  He  was  born  at 
.\ndovcr,  .Ma.ss.,  Aug.  22,  17";2,  and  graduated  at 
Harvard  college  in  1773.  Having  studied  law, 
he  about  1788  settled  at  I'.xoter,  X.  H.  He  was 
judge  of  ])robate  from  1790  till  1793;  treasurer 
of  the  State  from  1791  to  1800;  sheriff  of  the 
county  from  1800  to  1810;  judge  of  the  common 
pleas  from  1813  to  181G;  and  repeatedly  a  sen- 
ator. Three  times  he  was  an  elector  of  jircsident 
and  vice-president.  In  all  his  stations  he  ac- 
quitted himself  with  dignity  and  integrity.  His 
two  sons,  twins,  Oliver  Wm.  Bourn  1'.,  and  Wm. 
Bourn  Oliver!'.,  a  lawyer  and  a  mhiisler,  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  college  in  1816. 

PEABODY,  D.vvii),  professor  of  oratory  and 
belles  lettres  at  Dartmouth,  died  Oct.  lo,  1839, 
aged  about  31.  He  was  born  at  Topsfield,  ^lass., 
graduated  at  D.  in  1828,  and  was  for  a  few  years 
a  minister  in  Lynn,  and  in  AVorcostcr  as  the  suc- 
cessor of  Mr.  Abbott.  He  was  in  office  in  college 
only  one  year.  Few  young  men  have  died  of  so 
high  promise  and  so  greatly  respected  for  scholar- 
ship and  character,  for  his  intellectual  powers  and 
warm  afi'ections,  for  his  skill  and  eloquence  as  a 
faithful  preacher  of  the  gospel.  His  widow, 
whose  name  was  !Maria  Br'gham,  was  for  some 
years  previous  to  her  second  marriage  the  emi- 
nent conductor  of  a  female  school  in  Hanover. 
Prcs.  Lord  published  a  sermon  on  his  death.  He 
imblishcd  a  fast  sermon  at  Worcester,  1S3G. 

PE.VBODY,  Jiisicpn,  a  rich  merchant  of  Salem, 
died  Jan.  r>,  1844,  aged  80.    He  had  built  and 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  US80 

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freighted  eighty-three  ships,  which  made  thirty- 
eight  voynges  to  Calcutta  j  seventeen  to  Canton  ; 
thirty-two  to  Sumatra  ;  forty-seven  to  St.  I'cters- 
burg ;  ten  to  other  ports  in  the  north  ;  and  twenty 
to  the  Mediterranean.  lie  was  never  involvedin 
litigation. — Hunt's  Mer.  Mag. 

PEABODY,  William  B.  ().,  Y).  D.,  Unitarian 
minister  in  Springfield,  Mass.,  died  May  28, 1847, 
aged  57.  lie  was  a  native  of  Exeter,  and  a 
graduate  of  Harvard  in  1816.  Mr.  Simmons 
was  his  successor.  He  published  the  lives  of  Wil- 
son, C.  Mather,  and  1).  Brainerd ;  and  a  report 
on  ornithology. —  Ilolland'a  History. 

PEABODY,  Oliver  W.  B.,  minister  in  Bur- 
lington, Vt.,  twin  brother  of  the  preceding,  died 
July  5,  1848 ;  a  graduate  of  Harvard  in  181G. 
He  published  the  life  of  Piitnam. 

PEABODY,  William  A.,  died  at  Amherst, 
Mass.,  Feb.  27,  1850,  aged  34.  He  was  profes- 
sor of  Latin  and  Greek  in  Amherst  college,  late 
minister  in  East  Randolph.  His  wif.'  was  a 
daughter  of  Rev.  Dr.  Codman. 

PEABODY,  Ephraim,  D.  D.,  minister  of 
King's  chapel,  Boston,  died  Nov.  28,  1856,  aged 
49.  He  graduated  at  Bowdoin  college  in  1827. 
He  was  settled  at  New  Bedford,  Mass.,  in  1838. 

PEAK,  John,  Baptist  minister  in  Newbury- 
port,  was  born  in  Walpole,  N.  11. ;  was  settled  at 
N.  in  1809;  and  resigned  in  1818.  His  church 
in  Liberty  street  was  burnt  in  the  great  fire  of 
1811,  and  rebuilt  in  Congress  street. 

PEALE,  CiiARLKS  Wilson,  the  founder  of  'he 
Philadelphia  museum,  died  in  1827,  aged  85. 
He  was  born  at  Charlestown,  Md.,  in  1741,  and 
was  apprenticed  to  a  saddler  at  Annapolis.  He 
became  also  a  silver-smith,  watch-maker,  and  car- 
ver ;  he  was  a  portrait-painter,  a  naturalist  and 
preserver  of  animals,  a  skilful  dentist,  and  the 
inventor  of  various  machines.  Carrying  a  hand- 
some saddle  to  Hesselius,  a  portrait-painter  in 
his  neighborhood,  he  begged  him  to  explain  to 
him  the  mystery  of  putting  colors  on  canvas. 
Repairing  to  England,  he  studied  under  Mr. 
West  in  1770  and  1771.  After  his  return  he 
was  for  about  fifteen  years  the  only  portrait- 
painter  in  North  America.  In  the  war  he  was  at 
the  head  of  a  company  in  the  battles  of  Trenton 
and  Germantown.  At  Philadelphia  he  opened  a 
picture  gallery,  in  which  were  the  portraits  of 
many  officers  of  the  army.  Opening  a  museum, 
he  procured  an  almost  entire  skeleton  of  a  mam- 
moth from  Ulster  county,  N.  Y.,  at  an  expense 
of  5,000  dollars.  His  museum  at  length  became 
extensive.  He  delivered  a  course  of  lectures  on 
natural  history;  and  zealously  supported  the 
academy  of  fine  arts.  His  life  was  a  life  of  toil 
and  temperance.  His  sons  were  distinguished  as 
painters.  Raphaelle  I'.,  the  eldest,  died  at  Phila- 
delphia in  March,  1825,  aged  52. — Encyclopedia 
Americana. 


PEARCE,  Elizauktii,  Mrs.,  died  in  Johnson 
county,  N.  C,  in  1833,  aged  about  1 11. 

PEARCE,  William,  one  of  the  "  tea  party  "  in 
the  Revolution,  died  at  Boston  in  1840,  aged  94. 

PEARCE,  DUTKE  J.,  died  at  Now])ort,  IJ.  I., 
May  9,  1849,  aged  60.  He  was  a  distinguished 
lawyer;  a  member  of  congress  from  1825  to 
1837;  attorney-general  of  the  State,  and  United 
States'  district  attorney. 

PEARSON,  Elipiialet,  LL.  D.,  professor  of 
Hebrew  and  oriental  Innguagcs  at  Harvard  col- 
lege, died  in  Sept.,  1826,  aged  74.  Ho  was  a  de- 
scendant of  John  P.,  who  came  from  l''ngland  and 
settled  at  Rowley  in  1647,  and  died  Nov.  2,  1097, 
aged  82.  Born  in  1752,  he  graduated  in  1773  at 
Harvard  college,  where  he  was  a  distinguished 
professor  from  1786  to  1806;  and  after  his  re- 
moval from  Camliridgo,  the  first  professor  of 
sacred  literature  in  the  theological  seminary  at 
Andover  from  1808  to  1809,  when  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Moses  Stuart.  He  died  at  Greenland, 
N.  H.,  at  the  house  of  his  son-in-law,  Rev.  Mr. 
Abbot.  His  first  wife  was  a  daug?iter  of  Pres. 
Holyoke  ;  his  second,  a  daughter  of  IL>nry  Brom- 
field  of  Harvard.  This  town  was  his  last  place 
of  residence :  it  was  on  a  visit  to  Greenland  that 
he  died.  He  left  a  valuable  course  of  lecfuresio.i 
language,  delivered  at  Cambridge.  Dr.  Pearson, 
besides  teaching  Hebrew  at  Cambridge,  was  also 
a  lecturer  on  grammar  and  the  teacher  of  rhetoric, 
in  which  ca])acity  his  taste  and  skill  and  severity 
of  criticism  had  a  most  beneficial  effect  on  the 
style  of  composition  at  the  college.  He  was  a 
learned  and  able  instructor.  At  the  o])ening  of 
the  seminary,  Sept.  28,  1808,  he  was  ordained  as 
a  preacher.  He  published  a  lecture  on  the  death 
of  Pres.  Willard,  1804;  a  discourse  before  the 
society  for  promoting  Christian  knowledge,  1811 ; 
on  the  death  of  Madam  Phillips,  1812;  at  the 
ordination  of  E.  Abbot,  1813;  before  the  educa- 
tion society,  1815.  —  Sprague's  Annals. 

PEARSON,  Abiel,  M.  J).,  died  at  Andover, 
Mass.,  in  1827,  aged  71.  He  graduated  at  Dart- 
mouth in  1779. 

^EASE,  Lorenzo  W.,  missionary,  died  at 
Larnica  in  Cyprus,  Aug.  28,  1839,  aged  30. 
Born  in  Hinsdale,  Mass.,  he  graduated  in  1828, 
and  at  Auburn  seminary  in  1833,  and  went  to 
Larnica  in  1835.  His  wife,  Lucinda  Leonard, 
was  born  in  Wareham. 

PEASE,  Calvin,  judge,  died  at  Warren,  Ohio, 
Sept.  17,  1839,  aged  63.  He  was  one  uf  the 
earliest  settlers,  and  took  an  active  jiart  in  form- 
ing and  administering  the  government  of  Ohio. 
For  many  years  he  was  one  of  the  judges  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Ohio.  A  man  of  talents  and 
integrity,  he  was  greatly  rosj)ected. 

PECK,  Robert,  one  of  the  first  ministers  of 
Ilingham,  was  ordained  Nov.  28,  1638,  but  sailed 
for  England  in  1641. 


PECK. 


PEIRCE 


647 


PECK,  Jeremiah,  minister  of  Watcrbury, 
Conn.,  died  in  1009.  lie  .studied  at  Cambridfje, 
and  at  a  late  period  of  his  life  was  settled  in  lC8i) 
as  the  first  minister  at  Maltatuck  or  Waterbiiry. 
He  is  called  Mr.  P.,  senior,  of  Greenwich  ;  but  it 
does  not  appear  that  he  was  the  minister  of  G. 
There  were  tliirty  families,  and  one  hundred  and 
fifty  inhabitants.  Mr.  Southmayd  was  his  suc- 
cessor. 

PECK,  S.,  minister  of  Rehoboth,  Mass.,  died 
in  Dec,  1788,  aged  82. 

PECK,  William  Dandridoe,  professor  of 
naturr.1  history  at  Harvard  college,  died  at  Cam- 
bridge, Oct.  3,  1822,  aged  59.  He  was  born  in 
Boston  May  8,  1763.  His  father,  John  P.,  an  in- 
genious shipwright,  at  the  seige  of  Boston  in 
1776  removed  to  Braintree,  and  afterwards  to 
Kittcry,  Me.  After  he  was  graduated,  in  1782,  he 
passed  a  few  years  in  the  counting-liouse  of  Mr. 
Russell,  a  merchant,  in  Boston ;  and  then  re- 
paired to  his  father's  house,  where  he  sjjent 
twenty  years  of  his  life,  secluded  from  the  world, 
but  occupied  in  the  pursuits  of  natural  history. 
Whatever  he  attem])tod  to  study,  he  studied  ])ro- 
foundly.  It  was  chiefly  for  his  l)enefit,  that  some 
of  his  friends  promoted  a  subscrijjtion  for  a  pro- 
fessorship of  natural  history  at  Cambridge.  He 
was  elected  the  first  professor  March  27,  1805, 
and  subsequently  spent  throe  years  in  Europe. 
He  left  one  son ;  his  wife  was  Harriet,  the  daugh- 
ter of  Rev.  Timothy  Hilliard.  Mr.  P.,  like  liis 
father,  was  a  most  ingenious  artist ;  he  made  a  mi- 
croscope, and  the  most  delicate  instruments,  for 
which  he  had  occasion.  He  found  amusement  at 
the  lathe  after  he  had  lost  the  use  of  one  of  his 
hands  by  the  palsy.  At  the  age  of  thirty  he  was 
baptized  by  Bishop  Bass,  as  he  preferred  the  wor- 
ship of  the  Episcopal  church.  He  published  an 
account  of  the  sea-serpent  in  memoirs  of  Amer- 
ican Academy,  IV.,  and  a  few  other  articles.  —  2 
Hist.  Coll.  X.  161. 

PECK,  George,  colonel,  died  at  Eastport, 
Me.,  ^larch,  1834,  aged  97.  He  was  an  officer  in 
the  war  of  the  Revolution. 

PECK,  James  H.,  judge  of  U.  ;v  district 
court  for  Missouri,  died  in  1836.  He  was  born 
in  Tennessee  ;  a  man  of  integrity  and  ability. 

PECIi,  EvERARi),  died  at  Rochester,  N.  Y., 
in  1854,  aged  63.  He  was  an  early  settler  of  R., 
and  a  useful  citizen.  He  was  a  bookseller  and 
publisher.    In  1816  he  published  the  Telegraph. 

PECKER,  James,  a  physician  in  Boston,  died 
in  1794,  aged  70.  A  son  of  Dr.  James  P.,  of 
Haverhill,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1743. 
Dr.  Rand  successfully  removed  from  him  a  stone 
in  the  bladder,  with  which  he  had  been  aflSicted. 

PEET,  Josiaii,  minister  of  Norridgewock,  Me., 
died  Feb.  17,  1852,  aged  71.  Born  in  Bethle- 
hem, Conn.,  he  was  the  son  of  Benjamin ;  his 
mother  was  Elizabeth  Hendee,  niece  of  Dr.  E. 


Whcelock.  He  graduated  at  Middlebury  in  1808, 
and  was  ordained  in  1814.  He  was  u  laborious, 
faithful,  excellent  minister ;  and  he  toiled  in  tho 
new  towns  around  him  as  a  missionary.  —  Hath- 
aicay'a  Sermon. 

Pl'^ET,  Stki'IIEX,  died  in  Chicago  March  21, 
1855,  aged  58.  Born  in  Sandgate,  Vt.,  his  pa- 
rents removed  to  Lee,  where  he  became  pious  at 
the  age  of  sixteen,  and  to  Ohio.  In  1823  he 
graduated  at  Yale,  and  was  soon  settled  at  I^uclid, 
near  Cleveland,  which  was  then  a  small  village; 
he  remained  tliere  seven  years,  much  blessed  in 
bis  labors,  wherever  he  preached.  At  Hudson, 
Ohio,  by  one  sermon  many  were  converted,  and 
among  the  converts  were  five  lawyers.  After  this 
he  was  devoted  to  the  cause  of  the  lake  seamen, 
being  chaplain  at  Buffalo,  and  editing  the  Bethel 
Magazine  and  Buffalo  S])ectator.  In  1837  he  be- 
came the  minister  of  Green  Bay ;  the  bell  for  his 
meeting-house,  the  first  in  Wisconsin,  was  given 
by  J.  J.  Astor.  Ho  next,  in  the  employment  of 
the  Homo  missionary  society,  explored  Wisconsin, 
and  assisted  in  founding  Beloit  college  and  thirty 
churches.  Then  he  settled  as  the  minister  of 
Mihvaukie ;  he  afterwards  took  charge  of  an  in. 
stitutc  at  Batavia  in  Illinois,  and  then  was  the 
agent  of  an  association  in  Michigan,  which  pro- 
posed to  found  a  theological  seminary.  He  was 
buried  at  Beloit.  His  piety,  zeal,  and  energy 
made  him  one  of  the  greatest  benefactors  of  Wis- 
consin. 

PIJRCE,  William,  an  early  settler  of  Boston, 
arrived  ui  the  Griffin  with  Cotton,  Hooker,  and 
two  hundred  passengers,  in  1033.  He  was  a 
selectman,  and  died  in  1061  or  1609,  for  in  those 
years  one  of  the  name  died. —  HaviKje  ;  Farmer. 

PEIRCE,  William,  was  a  distinguislicd  ship- 
master at  an  early  period  in  New  England.  He 
repeatedly  crossed  the  Atlantic.  He  was  master 
of  the  Ann  in  1623 ;  afterwards  of  the  May- 
flower, and  the  I^yon.  It  was  by  his  aid,  in 
his  vessel,  that  Bradford  detected,  by  ojiening 
their  letters,  the  designs  of  Lyford  and  Oldham. 
In  1830  he  was  at  Salem,  and  visited  the  Arabella 
as  that  vessel  came  in  sight.  Our  fathers  called 
him  "the  Palinurus  of  our  seas."  He  was  cast 
away  in  Virginia  in  1033,  and  suflTered  great  loss, 
as  did  also  Winthro]),  in  beaver  and  fish  by  him 
owned ;  in  writing  to  whom  he  suys,  piously,  "  a 
happy  loss  if  our  souls  may  gain."  In  1638  he 
carried  Pequot  cajjtive  Indians  for  sale  to  the 
West  Indies,  and  he  brought  back  from  Tortugas 
negro  slaves :  this  was  the  first  slave  traffic  hi 
New  England,  disgraceful  and  infamous  in  both 
its  branches,  carrying  out  red  and  bringing  home 
black  slaves.  Ho  was  killed  at  Providence,  one  of 
the  Bahama  Islands,  in  1641. —  Savage;  Fell's 
Ilht.  of  K  E. 

PEUICE,  Nathaniel,  published  an  account  of 
his  dangers  at  sea,  1756.  , 


C48 


TEIRCK. 


rrMBEIlTOX. 


PEIRCE,  Bi-NJAMiN,  lil)rnrianof  Harvard  col- 
lege, died  in  I  K.'J  1 ,  n^ccd  alxmt  oO.  He  graduated 
in  1801,  and  was  librarian  from  1H2()  to  liis  death. 
Mr.  Eol.soni  jirecedcd  liini,  and  J)r.  Harris  fol- 
lowed him.  He  publislied  a  history  of  Harvard 
college  in  IH.'ia. 

I'EIHSOX,  AnhX  Lawiikxce,  M.  D.,  was  killed 
by  railroad  disaster  at  Xorwalk  liridge  May  (i, 
1853,  n^ed  57.  A  graduate  of  Harvard  of  1812, 
he  settled  at  Salem,  and  was  eminent  in  his  i)ro- 
fession,  and  a  man  of  scientifie  attainments.  He 
was  the  son  of  Samuel  P.  of  Biddeford.  His  life 
and  other  lives  were  lost  hy  reason  of  careless- 
ness as  to  necessary  signals  on  the  railroad. 

PELHAM,  IlEiuiF.nr,  one  of  the  fathers  of 
Mass.,  was  un  cssistant  fiom  1645  to  1C49, 
and  a  commissioner  of  the  united  colonies  of  New 
England,  in  making  a  treaty  with  the  Narragan- 
sett  and  Niantick  Indians  in  1(545.  His  nomc,  as 
affixed  to  the  treaty,  stands  next  to  Gov.  Win- 
throp's.  Among  the  Indians  j)rescnt  were  Pesse- 
cus,  Meekesano,  Asunisequen,  and  I'ummash. 
Pelham  lived  but  a  few  years  in  America.  In 
1G50  he  had  returned  to  England,  where  he  died 
about  1076.  The  colony  of  Massachusetts  in- 
trusted him  with  some  of  their  important  matters. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  society  for  promoting 
the  gospel  among  the  Indians.  Edward,  liis  son, 
graduated  at  Harvard,  1673. 

PEMBERTON,  Thomas,  Dr.,  died  in  Boston 
July  26,  1693. 

PEMBERTON,  Ebenezek,  minister  in  Boston, 
the  son  of  James  P.,  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
old  south  church,  was  graduated  at  Harvard  col- 
lege in  1691,  and  was  afterwards  a  tutor  in  that 
seminary.  He  died  Feb.  13, 1717,  aged  44.  His 
wife,  Mary  Clark,  siir\ived  him,  and  married 
Henry  Lloyd,  the  father  of  Dr.  Lloyd.  He  left 
one  son  and  three  daughters.  lie  was  a  very  '•-"i- 
nent  preacher.  He  wrote  in  a  style  strong 
mentative,  and  eloquent.  With  great  \>o\\ 
mind  and  extensive  learning,  he  united  a  zeal 
which  flamed.  His  passions,  when  excited,  were 
i.ni)etuou8  and  violent ;  but  when  free  from  the 
excitement  of  ony  unpleasant  circumstance,  he 
■was  mild  and  soft.  The  :alent  of  reasoning 
he  possessed  in  a  high  degree ;  und  he  was  a 
master  of  speech.  He  was  a  faithful  servant  of 
Jesus  Christ,  preaching  the  gospel  with  zeal,  and 
exhibiting  in  his  life  the  Christian  virtues.  In 
prayer  he  was  copious  and  fervent.  His  sermons 
were  illuminating,  practical,  and  pathetic,  and  de- 
livered with  very  uncommon  fervor.  Towards  the 
close  of  his  life  he  was  afflicted  with  much  pain  ; 
but  under  his  weakness  and  infirmity  he  was  ena- 
bled to  do  much  for  the  honor  of  his  Master  and 
the  good  of  liis  brethren.  His  election  sermon, 
preached  1710,  entitled  the  divine  original  and 
dignity  of  government  asserted  and  an  advanta- 
geous prospect  of  the  ruler's  mortality  recom- 


mcndrd,  is  much  and  justly  celebrated.  It  is 
reprinted  in  a  volume  of  sermons,  which  was 
jnibHslied  in  1727.  —  Spraifuc'.i  Annuls. 

Pi:.\IBERTOX,  Edkxez'kk,  I).  I).,  minister  in 
Boston,  tho  son  of  the  i)rcee(ling,  died  Scjit.  9, 
1777,  aged  72.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  col- 
lege in  1 721.  Alter  ho  began  to  i)reach,  he  was  in- 
vited  in  April,  1727,  by  the  Presbyterian  churcli  in 
New  York  to  succeed  Mr.  Anderson,  the  first  min- 
ister, with  tho  request  that  he  would  beordiiined  in 
Boston.  This  ceremony  was  accordingly  jier- 
formed  Aug.  9th.  Through  his  benevolent  exer- 
tions the  congregation  was  greatly  increased,  f-o 
as  to  be  able  to  build  an  edilice  of  stone  in  1748. 
In  1 750  A.  Cuniming,  afterwards  minister  in  Bos- 
ton, was  settled  as  his  colleague  ;  but  both  were 
dismissed  about  the  year  1753,  the  former  on  ac- 
count of  indisposition,  and  Mr.  Pemberton  through 
trilling  contentions,  kindled  by  ignorance  and  big- 
otr}-.  He  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Bostwick.  Be- 
ing installed  minister  of  the  new  brick  church  in 
Boston,  March  0,  1754,  as  successor  of  Mr.  AVul- 
steed,  he  continued  hi  that  place  till  his  death. 
Dr.  Lathrojj's  society,  whose  meeting-house  had 
been  destroyed  by  the  British,  united  with  Mr. 
Pemberton 's  in  1779.  Ho  was  a  man  of  a  devo- 
tional spirit,  who  was  zealous  and  resjiectable  in 
his  ministerial  work.  He  ]iublishcd  a  sermdn  he- 
fore  the  synod,  1731 ;  before  the  commissioners 
of  the  synod,  1735  ;  sermons  on  several  subjects, 
Svo.,  1738;  practical  discourses  on  various  texts, 
12mo.,  Boston,  1741 ;  on  the  death  of  Dr.  Xicoll, 
1743;  of  Mr.  Whitefield,  1770;  at  the  ordina- 
tion of  Mr.  Brainerd,  1744;  of  J.  Story,  1771 ; 
artillery  election  sermon,  1756;  election  sermon, 
1757  ;  salvation  by  grace  through  faith  illustrated 
and  confirmed,  in  eight  sermons,  8vo.,  1774.  - 
Smith's  N.  Y.,  192,  193;  Coll.  Hist.  Society,  iii. 
261. 

PEMBERTON,  Thomas,  eminent  for  his  nc- 
quaintance  ■»ith  American  history,  was  born  in 
Boston  in  1728,  and  for  many  years  pursued  the 
mercantile  employment.  He  died  July  5,  1807, 
aged  79,  having  lived  a  bachelor,  devoting  regu- 
larly a  part  of  each  day  to  his  studies  and  to  vis- 
iting his  friends.  He-  contributed  almost  a  ninth 
part  to  the  collections  of  the  historical  society. 
Of  this  institution  he  was  a  member,  and  he  be- 
queathed to  it  all  his  manuscripts.  He  wrote  a 
Slassachusctts  chronology  of  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury, containing  the  remarkable  events  of  every 
year,  biographical  notices  of  eminent  men,  etc.,  in 
five  MS.  volumes.  This  work  was  used  by  Dr. 
Holmes  in  compiling  his  annals.  His  MS.  memo- 
randa, historical  and  biographical,  make  about 
fifteen  volumes.  His  historical  journal  of  the  war 
is  in  historical  collections,  n. 

PEMBERTON,  Ebenezek,  LL.  D.,  died  in 
Boston  June  25,  1835,  aged  89.  He  was  a  grad- 
uate of  Princeton  college  in  1765,  a  tutor;  and 


PEMRY. 


PEXN. 


649 


he  was  addressed  by  Madison  in  a  Latin  address, 
valedictory  and  complimentary  on  the  part  of  his 
class  to  their  teacher.  His  life  was  devoted  to 
teaching,  not  only  in  Nassau  hall,  but  in  Plainfield, 
C'.nn.,  in  Phillips'  academy  in  Andover,  and  in 
Billerica ;  and  no  teacher  had  a  higher  character 
for  scholarship,  manners,  eloquence,  and  piety. 
His  last  twenty  years  were  years  of  infirmity. 

lie  was  elegant  and  dignified  in  his  appearance, 
liis  manners,  and  utterance.  By  his  law  every 
scholar  was  to  be  in  his  seat  when  the  academy 
bell  stopped.  He  then  entered  and  bowed  to  all, 
the  scholars  standing  at  their  seats  and  returning 
his  bow.  He  then  ascended  to  his  desk,  opened 
the  bible,  and  made  a  short  prayer.  Then  each 
scholar,  rising  in  his  turn,  read  a  verse  in  the  Old 
Testament  in  the  morning,  and  he  read  from  the 
New  at  night;  then  he  made  the  long  prayer. 
His  attitude,  look,  voice,  and  gestures  were  those 
of  the  orator.  On  Saturdays  he  read  from  Watts 
and  Doddridge.  —  Sprague's  Annals. 

PEMRY,  Sarah,  Mrs.,  died  in  Spartansburghi 
S.  C,  in  1810,  aged  103. 

PENDLETON,  Edmund,  a  distinguished  states- 
man of  Virginia,  died  at  Richmond  Oct.  26, 1803, 
aged  82.  He  was  a  member  of  the  first  congress 
in  1774,  and  was  again  appointed  at  the  next 
choice,  but  in  Aug.,  1775,  he  declined  a  third 
election  on  account  of  his  ill  health.  He  was  for 
many  years  one  of  the  judges  of  the  court  of  ap- 
peals of  Virginia,  with  Blair  and  Wjthe,  and  was 
its  president  at  the  time  of  his  death.  In  1787 
he  was  appointed  president  of  the  convention  of 
Virginia,  which  met  to  consider  the  constitution 
of  the  United  States,  and  all  the  weight  of  his 
character  and  talents  aided  its  adoption.  After 
the  government  was  organized,  he  was  in  1789 
appointed  by  Washington  district  judge  for  Vir- 
ginia, but,  as  he  declined  this  ofHce,  Cyrus  Griffin 
was  appointed  in  his  place.  In  1798,  when  the 
difficulties  between  this  country  and  France  ap- 
proached almost  to  a  rupture,  the  venerable 
patriarch,  as  the  late  President  Adams  calls  him, 
published  a  pamphlet,  protesting  against  a  war 
with  a  sister  repul)lic. 

PENHALLOW,  Samuel,  judge,  historian  of 
Indian  wars,  was  born  in  Cornwall,  England,  July 
2, 1065  ;  came  to  this  country  in  1686  ;  and  set- 
tled at  Portsmouth,  where  he  was  a  judge  of  the 
superior  court  in  1714,  and  chief  justice  from 
1717  till  his  death.  He  died  Doc.  2,  1720,  aged 
61.  His  wife  wa.s  Mary,  daughter  of  President 
Cutt.  He  published  a  narrative  of  the  wars  of 
New  England  with  the  Eastern  Indians  from  1703 
to  1720,  printed  1726;  reprinted  in  N.  H.  histor- 
ical coll.,  I. 

PENN,  William,  the  founder  of  Pennsylvania, 

died  July  30,  1718,  aged  73.     He  was  born  in 

London  Oct  14, 1644,  and  in  the  fifteenth  year 

of  his  age  entered  as  a  gentleman  commoner  of 

82 


a  college  in  Oxford.    His  genius  was  bright  and 
his  imagination  lively.     Being  impressed  by  the 
preaching  of  an  itinerant  Ciuakcr,  hc,with  a  num- 
ber of  other  students,  withdrew  from  the  estab- 
lished worship,  and  held  meetings  l)y  themselves. 
He  was  fined  for  the  sin  of  nonconformity ;  but 
this  only  confirmed  him  in  his  principles.    He 
was  then  expelled,  in   the  sixteenth  year  of  hia 
age.    Next  followed  the  discipline  of  his  father, 
which  was  also  ineffectual  to  reclaim  him.    Being 
sent  to  France  for  the  refinement  of  his  manners, 
he  passed  two  years  in  that  country,  learned  its 
language,  and  acquired  its  politeness.    He  then 
studied  law  in  Lincoln's  Inn  till  the  plague  broke 
out  in  1005.     He  was  sent  to  Ireland  in  1006  to 
manage  an  estate  of  his  father ;  but  he  there  as- 
sociated himself  with  the  Quakers,  and  in  conse- 
quence he  was  recalled.    He  could  not  be  per- 
suaded to  take  off  his  hat  in  the  presence  of  the 
king,  or  his  father.     For  this  inflexibility  he  was 
turned  out  of  doors ;  upon  which  he  commenced 
the  toils  of  an  itinerant  preacher,  and  gained 
many  proselytes.    Though  sometimes  im]ivi8oned, 
he  was  persevering,  and  such  was  his  integrity 
and  patience  that  his  father  became  reconciled  to 
him.    In  1068  he  published  a  book  entitled  the 
sandy  foundation  shaken,  for  which  he  was  im- 
prisoned seven  months.     In  vindication  of  the 
principles  of  this  book,  he  wrote  during  his  con- 
finement his  innocency  with  her  ojien  face,  and 
also  his  famous  work,  no  cross  no  crown.      In 
1670  he  was  apprehended  for  ])reaching  in  the 
street,  and  was  tried  at  the  old  Bailey,  where  he 
pleaded  his  own  cause  with  the  magnanimity  of  a 
hero.    The  jury  returned    their  verdict    "not 
guilty."    On  the  death  of  his  father  he  received 
a  plentiful  estate  ;  but  he  continued  to  preach,  to 
write,  and  to  travel  as  before.    He  was  shut  up  in 
the  Tower  and  in  Newgate.    On  his  release  he 
preached  in  Holland  and  German)'.    It  was  ow- 
ing to  his  exertions,  in  conjunction  with  Barclay 
and  Keith,  that  the  fraternity  was  formed  into 
order.    Some  debts  being  due  to  his  father,  at 
the  time  of  his  death,  from  the  crown,  and   as 
there  was  no  prospect  of  j)ayment  very  soon  in 
any  other  mode,  Penn  solicited  a  grant  of  lands 
in  America,  and  in  1681  obtained  a  charter  of 
Pennsylvania.    The  colony  was   planted  in  the 
same  year,  though  before  this  time  some  Dutch 
and  Swedes  had  settled  in  the  province.    In  1682 
Penn  himself  arrived,  and  established  a  govern- 
ment, allowing  perfect  liberty  of  conscience.     He 
made    honest    purchases    of  the    Indians,  and 
treated  them  with  great  tenderness.    He  formed 
a  plan  of  a  capital  city  and  called  it  Philadeljihia. 
Two  years  after  it  was  founded  it  contained  2,000 
inhabitants.    In   1684   Mr.  Penn    returned    to 
England.     One  great  motive  for  his  return  was 
to  exert  his  influence  in  favor  of  his  suffering 
brethren  in  Great  Britain.    He  exerted  it  with 


650 


PENN. 


PEPPERRELL. 


auccc88,  and  1,300  Quakers,  who  had  been  confined 
in  prison,  were  set  nt  lil)erty.  While  he  remained 
in  England  ho  was  suspected  of  being  a  Pajiist, 
and  an  enemy  to  liLs  country,  and  was  several 
times  arrested.  But  he  continued  his  preaching 
and  increased  his  controversial  writings.  In  tCOO, 
after  fifteen  years'  obsencc,  the  American  Lycur- 
gus  revisited  his  province.  Having  mode  some 
alteration  in  the  government,  ho  sailed  again  for 
England  in  1701.  He  resumed  his  favorite  em- 
ployment, and  continued  it  for  a  number  of  years. 
In  1712  he  was  seized  by  a  ])aralytic  disorder,  of 
■which  ho  died.  Notwithstanding  his  largo  pater- 
nal inheritance,  he  was  continually  subject  to  the 
\  importunity  of  his  creditors,  and  obliged  to  mort- 
,  t  gage  his  estate.  His  death  jjrevented  his  surren- 
dering his  province  to  the  crown.  His  posterity 
held  it  till  the  Revolution,  his  last  surviving  son, 
Thomas  Penn,  dying  in  1775.  Mr.  Pcnn  was  a 
man  of  groat  abilities,  of  quick  thought  and  ready 
utterance,  of  mildness  of  disposition  and  exten- 
sive chority.  He  was  learned  without  vanity, 
facetious  in  conversation,  yet  weighty  and  serious, 
of  an  extraordinary  greatness  of  mind,  yet  void 
of  the  stain  of  ambition.  He  published  a  multi- 
tude of  tracts,  largo  and  small.  Tho  following  is 
the  title  of  his  principal  works ;  no  cross  no  crown, 
or  several  sober  reasons  against  hat  honor,  titular 
respects,  you  to  a  single  person,  etc.,  4to.,  1CC9 ; 
serious  apology  for  tho  people  called  Quakers, 
against  Jeremy  Taylor,  4to.,  16G9 ;  tho  spirit  of 
truth  vindicated,  in  answer  to  a  Socinian,  4to., 
1672  ;  Quakerism  a  new  nickname  for  old  Christ- 
ianity, 8vo.,  1072  J  reason  against  railing,  and 
truth  against  fiction,  8vo.,  1G73;  the  Christian 
Quaker  and  his  divine  testimony  vindicated, 
folio,  1674.  His  select  works  have  lately  been 
published,  in  five  volumes,  8vo.  —  Belknap's  Amer. 
Biog.  II.  381-450. 

PENN,  Thomas,  son  of  Wm.  Ponn,  died  at 
Stoke,  in  England,  in  1775.  His  wife  was  the 
daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Pomfret.  Ho  had  four 
childron.  John,  a  minor,  succeeded  his  father, 
and  died  in  1834,  aged  75.  lie  published  critical 
and  dramatic  works,  two  vols.,  1798;  and  poems, 
two  vols.  Grenville  wrote  a  life  of  his  great- 
grandfather, Admiral  Ponn.  Richard  was  a 
member  of  parliament,  a  man  of  classical  attain- 
ments, and  wonderful  memory.  Sophia  married 
William  Stuart,  archbishop  of  Armagh. 

PENN,  John,  a  patriot  of  the  Revolution,  the 
son  of  Moses  P.,  died  in  Sept.,  1788,  aged  47. 
He  was  born  in  Virginia  May  17,  1741.  His 
early  education  was  greatly  neglected ;  he  went 
to  school  only  two  or  three  years.  At  the  age  of 
18,  on  the  death  of  his  father,  he  inherited  a  com- 
petent fortune.  Instead  of  plunging  into  vicious 
excesses,  he  resolved  to  acquire  knowledge  and 
study  law.  Tho  library  of  his  relative,  Edmund 
Pendleton,  was  opened  to  him.    He  became  a 


self-taught  lawyer,  a  distinguished  advocate.  In 
1774  ho  removed  to  North  Carolina.  IJcing  a 
member  of  congress  from  1775  to  1770,he  signed 
tho  Declaration  of  Independence. —  Uoodrich. 

PENNINGTON,  Joiix,  a  physician  of  Phila- 
delphia, died  in  1793.  Had  he  lived  a  few  years 
longer,  ho  would  liuvc  been  very  eminent,  in  tlie 
oj)inion  of  Dr.  Ru^h.  He  published  chemical 
and  economical  essays,  8vo.,  1790. 

I'EPPERRELL,  William,  colonel,  the  father 
of  Sir  William  P.,  died  at  Kittery,  now  in  Maine. 
Fob.  15,  1734,  aged  about  80.  Born  in  Walts,  ho 
was  apprenticed  to  the  captain  of  a  fishing 
schooner,  employed  on  tho  coast  of  New  England. 
At  the  ago  of  22  ho  settled  at  the  Isle  of  Shoals, 
near  Kittery  Point,  to  which  jjlaco  ho  removed, 
and  where  he  found  his  wife,  Margery  Bray,  the 
daughter  of  a  man  of  property,  who  came  from 
Plymouth,  England.  His  buKiness  was  various  : 
the  most  lucrative  was  tho  fisheries ;  shipbuilding 
was  also  profitable.  Mr.  Ncwmarch  was  his  minis- 
ter;  and,  when  tho  church  was  formed  in  1714, 
ho  and  his  wife  and  several  of  his  daughters  with 
their  husbands  were  members.  He .  had  two 
sons  and  six  daughters.  As  Andrew  died  about 
1713,  ho  loft  his  estate  chiefly  to  William.  His 
daughter  Mary  married  first  John  Frost,  and 
had  many  children  ;  then  married  Rev.  Benjmmin 
Colman ;  then  Judge  Prescott  of  Danvers.  Jo- 
anna married  Dr.  George  Jackson.  His  widow 
died  in  1741,  aged  80,  a  woman  of  piety  and 
exemplary  virtues.  She  had  the  moans  of  doing 
good,  and  her  charities  were  constant;  and 
her  name  should  never  bo  forgotten.  She  died  in 
Christian  peace.  —  Parsons'  Life  of  Pepperrdl. 

PFJ'PERRELL,  Sir  William,  lieutenant- 
general,  died  at  Kittery,  Maine,  July  0, 1759,  aged 
63.  Ho  was  born  at  Kittery  Point,  now  Maine, 
1696,  and  was  bred  a  merchant.  His  brother  was 
now  deceased.  One  of  his  sisters  married  John 
Newmarch.  About  the  year  1727  he  was  chosen 
ono  of  his  majesty's  council,  and  was  annually 
re-elected  thirty-two  years  till  his  death.  Living 
in  a  country  exposed  to  a  ferocious  enemy,  he  was 
well  fitted  for  tho  situation  in  which  he  was 
placed,  for  it  pleased  God  to  give  him  a  vigorous 
frame,  and  a  mind  of  a  firm  texture,  and  of  great 
calmness  in  danger.  He  rose  to  the  highest  mil- 
itary honors  which  his  country  could  bestow  ujion 
liim.  When  the  expedition  against  Louisburg 
was  contemplated,  he  was  commissioned  by  the 
governors  of  New  England  to  command  tho 
troops.  He  invested  tho  city  in  the  beginning  of 
May,  1745.  He  was  aided  by  Commodore  War- 
ren. Articles  of  capitulation  wore  signed  Juno 
16.  There  was  a  remarkable  series  of  jjrovi- 
dences  in  the  whole  afiair,  and  Mr.  Pepperrcll 
ascribed  his  unparalleled  success  to  the  God  of 
armies.  The  king,  in  reward  of  his  services,  con- 
ferred upon  him  the  dignity  of  a  baronet  of  Great 


v,"- 


PEPPERRELL 


PERCIVAL. 


681 


Britain,  on  honor  never  before  nor  since  conferred 
on  a  native  of  New  Knf^lnnd.  lie  was  appointed 
iii'utenant-ppneral  in  Vvh.,  llo'X  lie  married, 
March  10,  17:!3,  Mary  Hirst,  the  daugnter  of 
Grove  JlirKt  of  lioston,  and  the  Rrnnd-daughter 
of  Judge  Sewall.  When  he  first  saw  her  in  1722 
at  the  house  of  her  relative,  llev.  Samuel  Moody 
of  York,  his  visit  was  very  unwelcome  to  Jose])h, 
the  son  of  Mr.  M.,  who  in  his  journal  has  re- 
corded that  he  was  bewildered  by  the  attractions 
of  the  young  lady.  It  is  no  wonder  that  the  pre- 
tensions of  the  schoolmaster  could  not  rival  those 
of  Col.  P.,  the  heir  of  a  man  of  wealth,  who  also 
conducted  the  affair  with  much  skill,  making 
presents  of  gold  rings,  and  a  large  hoop,  and 
other  articles  of  dress,  thus  awakening  a  little 
vanitv,  which  drew  upon  Miss  Hirst,  who  in  the 
])rece<ling.  year  had  made  a  profession  of  religion, 
the  remonstrances  of  her  sober  friends.  He  had 
two  children,  a  daughter  and  a  son ;  but  it 
pleased  God  to  afflict  him  by  the  death  of  his 
son  Andrew  in  1701,  at  the  age  of  2o.  In  the 
depth  of  his  sorrow  and  the  severity  of  his  trial, 
he  doubtless  shared  the  tender  sympathy  of  his 
friends.  The  following  letter,  written  the  day 
before  the  death  of  his  son,  exhibits  the  an- 
guish of  the  parental  heart,  and  shows  how 
worthless,  comjiared  with  other  blessings  of 
Providence,  arc  high  honors  and  distinctions  : 

"Dear  Christian  Friends,  —  The  great,  but 
holv,  just,  and  good  God  is  come  out  against  us 
in  I'lis  holy  anger.  O  may  it  be  fatherly  anger ! 
He  is  bringing  our  sins  to  remembrance,  and 
seems  to  be  slaying  our  only  son.  O  pray !  pray ! 
iiray  for  us,  that  the  Lord  would  keep  us  from 
dishonoring  his  great  name  in  our  distress  and 
anj;iii-<h  of  soul,  that  he  would  support  us  under 
anil  carry  us  through,  what  he  shall,  in  his  sover- 
eign i)leasurc,  bring  upon  us ;  and,  if  it  be  his 
blcKscd  will,  that  our  child  may  be  jet  spared  to 
us,  and  sanctified,  and  made  a  blessing.  Pity  us ! 
0  our  friends,  and  cry  mightily  to  God  for  us. 
"  We  are  your  distressed  friends, 

"  Wxi.  Pepperrell, 
"  Mary  Pepperrell. 

"Bear  Cousin  Gerrish, —  Let  our  case  be  known 
to  Christian  friends  along  the  road,  and  carrj-  this 
letter,  as  soon  as  you  get  to  town,  to  one  of  the 
ministers  to  whom  it  is  directed. 

"KiTTERY,  Feb.  28,  1750. 

"To  the  liev.  Dr.  Scwall,   Mr.   Prince,  Mr.  Foxcroft,  Dr. 
Cliuuiicy,  etc.,  etc.,  etc.,  at  Boston." 

lie  had  a  high  relish  for  the  pleasures  of  society, 
and  was  the  life  and  spirit  of  every  company. 
Tliough  not  without  his  faults,  he  yet  respected 
the  Christian  character.  He  became  in  1734  a 
member  of  the  church  of  which  his  father  was 
one  of  the  founders  in  1714.  During  his  last 
sickness  he  spoke  with  gratitude  of  the  goodness 
of  God,  which  he  had  experienced,  and  of  his 
own  imperfections  and  sins ;  he  admired  the  plan 
of  salvation  made  known  in  the  gospel ;  knowing 
liis  dependence  upon  the  grace  of  God,  he  sought 


the  influences  of  the  Holy  Spirit  i  and,  as  ho  ever 
professed  a  belief  of  tlio  transcendent  dignity  and 
glory  of  the  great  Saviour  of  mankind,  of  the 
fulness  of  his  merits,  and  the  atoning  virtue  of 
his  ol)edience  and  sufferings,  when  he  was  just 
entering  the  eternal  world  he  commended   his 
soul  into  the  haiuls  of  this  lU-deemcr.     His  life, 
by  Usher  Parsons,  was  ])ublislied  in   18,jj,  —  a 
book  of  great  interest,     lie  was  a  man  of  great 
wealth.    lie  owned  in  Saco  S,.^!)  acres,  being 
the  site  of  that  populous  town;    and   then  his 
pos.sessions  were   large   in   Portsmouth,  Hamp- 
ton, lierwiek,  and  other  towns.     His  will  was 
drawn  up  with  great  care ;  but  he  gave  in  it  little 
to  educational  ami  rbaritablo  jiurposes.     He  had 
l)een  liberal  to  his  jiarisii  and  church,  and  to  New 
Jersey  college.     He  had  an  only  daughter  and 
surviving    child,   Ivlizabeth,  who    married    Col. 
Nathaniel    Sparhawk;    their    descendants  were 
numerous.     Their  son,  William  P.   Sparhawk, 
was  made  the  heir  of  Sir  William  on  condition 
of  droj)ping  the  name  of  Sparhawk.    He  grad- 
uated at  Cambridge  in  17C(!,  and  became  baronet 
Sir  William  Pep])errell,  in  1774.    But,  espousing 
the  British  side  in  the  controversy,  all  his  vast 
property  was  confiscated  and  swept  away.    Col. 
Cutts  purchased  most  of  the  lands  in  Saco.     In 
England  he  was  treated  with  respect,  and  received 
500  pounds  per  annum  from  the  British  govern- 
ment; he  died  in  London  in  1810,  aged  70.     The 
descendants  of   Col.   Sjjarhawk    are   numerous, 
bearing  his  name,  and  among  others  the  names 
of  Spooner,  Jarvis,   and   Cutts.    Lady  P.,  the 
widow  of  Sir  William,  built  her  a  house  near  her 
daughter's,  at  Kittery,  and  survived  her  husband 
thirty  years,  dying  in  1789.  —  Stevens'  Fun.  Ser- 
mon ;  I'uvuMis'  JjiJ'e  of  P. 

PEUCIVAL,  James  G.,  M.  D.,  a  poet,  died  at 
Ilazclgrove,  Illinois,  April  25,  1850,  aged  60. 
Born  in  Berlin,  Conn.,  he  graduated  at  the  age  of 
twenty  at  Yale  in  1815.  He  was,  in  1824,  as- 
sistant surgeon  in  the  army,  ond  professor  of 
chemistry  at  West  Point;  but  soon  resigned  and 
removed  to  Boston.  Dr.  Noah  Webster  em- 
ployed him  two  years  as  assistant  in  editing  his 
quarto  English  dictionary.  He  became  now  a 
resident  of  New  Haven.  By  the  governor  of 
Connecticut  he  was  appointed  State  geologist: 
and  finally  he  became,  in  1854,  the  State  geolo- 
gist of  Wisconsin.  He  was  a  bachelor  and  lived 
a  recluse.  His  poetry  was  regarded  as  poetry 
of  tenderness  and  melancholy  sweetness.  He 
speaks  thus  of  New  England,  in  a  short  poem  of 
that  title : 

"  Hail  to  the  land  whereon  we  tread, 
Our  fondest  lioaat ; 
The  sepulchre  of  mlRhty  dead, 
The  truest  hearts  that  ever  hied, 
Who  sleep  in  Glory's  hrightest  bed, 

A  fcirless  host : 
No  slave  Is  here;  our  unohainM  feet 
Walk  freely  as  the  waves  that  beat 
Our  coast." 


663 


PERCY. 


PERKINS. 


He  published  Prometheus,  a  poem,  in  1821 ;  o 
miNCcllani'outi  volume  of  j)oetry  nnd  prose,  called 
Clio,  in  1822;  a  third  vol.,  1S27;  dream  of  day 
and  other  jjocms,  1S43;  report  on  the  geology 
of  Conn.,  1812;  Maltc  llrun'tt  geography,  trans- 
lated liy  him,  ISiU. 

PEUCY,  AViLMAM,  I).  D.,  Episcopal  minister 
in  Charleston,  8,  C,  rector  of  St.  Paul's,  died  in 
London  in  1810,  aged  To.  lie  wan  a  zealous 
preacher  of  the  Calvinistic  doctrines. 

PEUINE,  Wn.MAM,  died  in  Dansville,  N.  Y., 
in  1847,  aged  02,  a  soldier  of  the  llcvolution. 
lie  became  n  Christian  at  the  age  of  70. 

PI'RKIXS,  William,  minister  of  Gloucester 
and  To])Hfield,  Mass.,  died  in  1082,  aged  13.  lie 
came  from  London,  and  .-.ucceeded  R.  JSlinman 
at  O.  in  1000,  and  in  1005  removed  to  Topsfield, 
where  he  succeeded  "Wm.  Knight,  who  also  came 
from  London. 

PERKINS,  William,  remarkable  for  longevity, 
was  born  in  the  west  of  England,  and  died  at 
New  Market,  N.  II.,  in  1732,  aged  110  years. — 
Belknap's  N.  II.,  m.  202. 

PERKINS,  Daniel,  second  minister  of  West 
Bridgewater,  died  in  1782,  oged  80.  Horn  in 
Topsfield,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1717,  and 
was  settled  as  successor  of  J.  Keith  in  1721.  His 
successor  was  J.  Reed.  He  was  a  useful  and 
much  respected  man. 

PERKINS,  Joseph,  Dr.,  of  Norwich,  Conn., 
died  in  1704,  aged  00.  Born  in  N.,  he  graduated 
at  Yale  in  1727.  He  was  eminent  as  a  physicion 
and  surgeon,  practising  till  near  the  close  of  life. 
He  had  brilliant  talents,  and  was  a  man  of  science 
and  of  undisscmbled  piety.  Thacher  describes 
a  remarkable  operation  of  his  for  the  hernia.  — 
Thacher's  Med.  Biog. 

PERKINS,  Elisilv,  a  physician,  the  inventor 
of  the  tractors,  died  in  Sept.,  1709,  aged  59.  He 
was  the  son  of  Dr.  Joseph  P.,  a  distinguished 
physician  of  Norwich,  Conn.,  who  died  in  1794, 
aged  90;  —  he  was  bom  in  Jan.,  1740.  Having 
studied  with  his  father,  he  settled  in  Plainfleld, 
Conn.,  and  had  extensive  practice.  His  habits 
were  social;  his  mind  active  and  inquisitive. 
About  the  year  1790  he  invented  the  tractors, 
which  are  two  instruments,  one  of  steel  and  the 
other  of  brass,  pointed  at  one  end.  Cures  were 
effected  by  drawing  the  points  for  a  few  minutes 
over  the  part  of  the  body  diseased.  Thus  the 
head-ache,  the  tooth-ache,  rheumatic  and  other 
pains  were  removed.  A  patent  was  obtained. 
The  fame  of  Perkinism  extended  to  Europe. 
The  son  of  Dr.  P.  went  to  London,  where  a  Per- 
kinean  institution  was  created  for  the  benefit  of 
the  poor,  of  which  Lord  Rivers  was  president. 
The  published  cases  of  cures  amounted  to  five 
thousand,  certified  by  eight  professors,  forty  physi- 
cians and  surgeons,  and  thirty  clergymen.    Yet 


[  it  was  not  long  before  the  tractors  sunk  into  neg- 


lect. Dr.  P.  invented  on  antiseptic  medicine,  and 
re])aired  to  New  York  to  tent  its  cdieacy  ngaiiiHt 
the  yellow  fever;  but  betook  the  dLsease  from 
the  sick  and  died  of  it.  —  TItachcr. 

I'l'.RKINS,  llLNJAMiN  DoidLANH,  a  bookseller 
of  New  York,  the  son  of  Dr.  Elixlm  P.,  died  in 
New  York  in  1810,iiged  about  ;J0.  He  graduated 
ut  Yale  in  1794.  He  visited  England  in  the  ser- 
vice of  his  father's  tractors,  and  was  there  several 
years.  He  was  a  man  of  a  fine  a|)))earance  and 
of  a  high  character ;  was  discreet,  frank,  and  hon- 
orable ;  of  exemplary  morals,  and  earnest  in  re- 
ligion. As  a  bookseller,  he  was  of  the  respect- 
able firm  of  Collins  and  Perkins.  As  to  the 
tractors,  his  father  claimed  that  the  metallic  com- 
position of  them  was  important,  and  that  was  a 
secret.  But  they  seemed  to  be  only  steel  and 
brass.  Having  had  myself  for  a  great  many 
years  a  pair  of  them,  if  they  have  ever  relieved 
l)ain,  I  have  found  them  also  useful  in  picking 
walnuts.  —  Thacher's  Med.  liioy. 

PERKINS,  Jameh,  a  benefactor  of  Harvard 
college  and  of  the  Boston  Athenreum,  died  at 
Roxbury  Aug.  1,  1822,  aged  01.  He  was  born 
in  Boston  in  1701,  and  was  the  son  of  James  P. 
Educated  as  a  merchant  in  the  counting-house  of 
the  Messrs. Shattucks,  he  settled  in  St.  Domingo; 
but  was  driven  away  by  the  Revolution  iii  that 
island.  On  his  return  he  engaged  in  busuiess 
with  his  brother,  Col.  Thos.  Ilandasyd  P.,  and 
conducted  an  extensive  trade  to  the  northwest 
coast  and  to  China.  His  wife  was  the  daughter 
of  Timothy  Paine  of  AVorcester.  He  was  an  up- 
right merchant.  One  of  his  last  acts  of  liberality 
was  the  gift  to  the  Boston  athenwum  of  the 
house  lately  occupied  by  the  institution, —  an 
estate  which  was  valued  at  18,000  dollars.  lie 
also  in  his  will  bequeathed  20,000  dollars  to  Har- 
vard college.  His  fine  portrait  is  preserved  in 
the  athenicum. 

PERKINS,  Elipiiaz,  Dr.,  died  at  Athens, 
Ohio,  in  1828,  aged  75.  A  native  of  Norwich, 
Conn.,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1770.  He  re- 
moved to  A.  in  1800,  and  was  an  excellent  physi- 
cian and  patron  of  learning.  He  was  treasurer 
of  the  Ohio  university.  He  died  in  the  peace  of 
the  Christian  faith,  of  which  he  had  long  been  a 
professor.  His  descendants  are  numerous  and 
respectable.  —  Hildrcth's  Biog.  Memoirs. 

PERKINS,  Alfred  Elijah,  M.  D.,  died  in 
Norwich,  Conn.,  in  1834,  aged  about  24.  Born 
in  Norwich,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1830.  He 
left  10,000  dollars  to  the  library  of  Yale;  3,000 
to  the  home  missionary  society;  1,000  to  the 
colonization  society ;  and  500  to  Sabbath  schools. 

PERKINS,  Nathan,  D.  D.,  died  at  West 
Hartford,  Conn.,  Jan.  18,  1838,  aged  88,  in  the 
60th  year  of  liis  ministry  at  West  Hartford.    He 


TEUKINS. 


PERKINS. 


«89 


wniiborn  in  XonvichMtty  12, 17  lOi  wnsffrndimtcil' scttli'd  in  Wnrrcn  in   IHOl.     His  Rrnippn  were 


nt  I'linci'ton  in  1770;  and  nrdiiini'd  in  177'J,  con- 
tinuiii,:;  to  jjcrlorni  liis  niinii-tcriid  dutioH  unlii  two 
vciirs  Iji'foro  iiis  dciiiji.  Many  tiu'olo^ical  stn- 
(IcntH  were  under  liis  euro.  IIIh  will-,  Cnlimrinp, 
\vM  n  diui^liti-r  of  Iti'V.  T.  I'itkin  of  l''armin}tton 
His  predecessor  was  N 
1772,  nf,'cd  only  .TJ. 

Dr.  1'.  liad  n  Rood  inheritance,  nnd  a  salary  of 
100   ponnds;    ni.v.cr   his   own   mano^enient  his 
alKiirs  went   on   well,  but,  intrusting;    them   to 
another,  he  was  iinpoverished.     lie  died  under 
his  own  mortf^aged  roof.     I  Ic  resolved,  if  he  died 
poor,  he  would  die  a  generous  man.    He  Imd 
great  influence  with  his   peojilci    his  kindness 
triumi)hed  over  oj)posers.     It  iuis  lieen  said  he 
hud  family  pride,  an  asjiiring  spirit,  an  emulation 
for  inlliience ;    that  he  wislied  every  thin;;  con- 
nected with  him  to  be  rich,  elegant,  accomplished. 
If  .so,  his  final  poverty  may  have  been  a  useful 
reproof  and  admonition.     Yet  his  urbanity,  his 
determination  to  be  a  perfect  gentleman,  an  ex- 
emplary Christian,  a  winning  minister,  arc  not  to 
be  ascril)ed  to  pride  and  ambition.    He  was  a 
successful  minister ;    he  spoke  of  six  extensive 
revivals  among  his  people.    In  early  life  he  spent 
the  whole  of  Saturday  in  committing  his  sermons 
to  memory.    Dr.  Sprague  has  published  an  in- 
teresting letter  concerning  him,  written  by  llev. 
Daniel  Waldo,  now  chaplain  in  congress,  aged 
94.    He  published  a  volume  of  sermons,  1795  ; 
election  sermon,  1808;  at  the  ordination  of  S. 
Wolcott,  1786 ;  of  II.  N.  Woodruff,  1790 ;  of  W.  F. 
Miller,  1792 ;  C.  Chapin,  1794 ;  J.  Brace,  1807 ;  E. 
G.Welles,  1808;  E.  Mason  and  N.Perkins,  1810  j 
a  fast  sermon,  1812;  at  the  funeral  of  T.  Pitkin, 
of  N.  Strong ;  account  of  a  great  revival ;  on  his 
fiftieth  anniversar/;  on  his  sixtieth;  letters  of 
gratitude ;  many  pi  ices  in  the  Connecticut  evan- 
gelical magazine.  —  Sprague's  Annals  j  Puritan 
Jiecorder,  Oct.  23,  1(  55. 

PERKINS,  Natuvn,  minister  of  the  second 
church  in  Amherst,  Mass.,  died  of  the  woup  in 
March,  1842,  aged  35.  The  son  of  ^  •  Dr. 
Nathan  P.,  he  gradi  .ated  at  Yale  in  I'l  & : ,  and 
was  for  some  years  a  magistrate  and  farmer.  He 
was  ordained  Oct.  10,  1810.  He  was  a  man  of 
respectable  talents,  prudent,  kind,  affectionate, 
cheerful,  a  persuasive  preacher,  and  good  pastor. 
He  published  a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of  E. 
bloody,  1818;  on  the  death  of  Dr.  S.  Coleman. 
—  Sprague's  Annals, 

PERKINS,  Abraham,  died  in  Ipswich  in  1842, 
aged  96,  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution. 

PERKINS,  Simon,  general,  died  in  Warren, 
Ohio,  Nov.  19,  1844,  aged  73.  He  was  born  in 
Norwich,  Conn.  At  the  age  of  twenty-four  he 
was  employed  in  the  survey  of  new  lands  in  New 
York;  afterwards  in  the  western  reserve.    Ue 


important  in  the  war  of  lS12i  bis  skill  as  a  finan- 
cier caused  him  to  bo  appointed  a  commissioner 
of  the  eanal  fund. 

PI:KK1NS,  Cyuis,  M.  1).,  died  at  Rossvillo, 
Stuten   Island,  Ajiril  LM,    IN  111,  aged  70  j  a  dls- 
Huoker,  who  died  in    tlngulshed  physician  and  surgeon.      1I('  was  a 
native  of  Ilridgowater;  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth 
in   IHOO;  ])rotessor  of  anatomy  and  surgery  at 
Dartmouth  from  IHlO  to  1819;  and  afterwards  a 
resident  in  Now  York.     He  was  a  jihyslcian  of 
great  skill,  an  excellent  medical  tcaeher,  a  man 
of  kind  and  generous  feelings,  enjoying  the  con- 
fidence  and   attachment  of  bis    friends  and  ac- 
quaintances.     He   married   Mary,  daughter  of 
Prof.  J.  Smith,  who  siu'vlved  him.     He  pui)llshcd 
an  eulofry  on  W.  II.  Woodward,  Hanover,  1818. 
PEUKIXS,  Jamis  H.,  a  literary  man,  died  at 
Cincinnati  In  1N49,  aged  HI).     He  was  the  son  of 
Samuel   O.  Perkins   of  Doston,   the  nephew  of 
Tiiomas  H.  P.     He  was  educated  as  a  merchant 
and  also  studied  law ;  but  at  last  devoted  himself 
wholly  to  literature.     Settling  at  Cincinnati,  he 
edited  various  pajicrs,  and  wrote  many  articles 
for  the  North  American  Review.    He  was  presi- 
dent of  a  historical  society  in  1844,  and  wrote 
atmals  of  the  west.    He  engaged  also  in  various 
projects  of  refomi  and  charity.    In  a  state  of  de- 
pression  he   threw  himself  into  the   Ohio,  and 
was  drowned.  —  Cijdopedia  of  American  Liter- 
ature, 

PERKINS,  Jacob,  an  inventor,  died  in  Lon- 
don July  30,  1849,  aged  83.  Born  in  Newbury- 
port  July  9, 1766,  he  early  displayed  a  mechanical 
genius.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  his  master,  a  gold- 
smith, died;  but  he  carried  on  the  business. 
Gold  beads,  worn  by  the  old  and  young,  he  made 
in  the  best  style,  as  well  as  plated  shoe-buckles. 
He  made  dies  at  twenty-one  for  the  mint;  at 
twenty-four  he  invented  the  nail-machine  for  cut- 
ting and  heading  nails  at  once.  He  invented 
steel  plates  for  bank-notes,  which,  as  was  sup- 
posed, could  not  be  counterfeited.  The  miscon- 
duct  of  men,  with  whom  ho  was  associated  in 
business,  left  him  overwhelmed  with  debt.  For 
several  years  he  lived  in  England. 

PERKINS,  Erastus,  died  at  Norwich  city, 
Oct.  18,  1853,  aged  101  years  and  8  months. 
He  descended  from  Jabez,  who,  with  his  brother 
Joseph,  came  from  Ipswich  in  1695,  and  pur- 
chased eight  hundred  acres  in  Lisbon  for  70 
pounds,  near  the  junction  of  Quinebourg  and  She- 
tucket  rivers.  The  descendants  of  Jabez  were  : 
Jabez,born  June  3,  1699;  next,  Jabez,  bom  1728, 
married  Anne  Lathrop ;  this  last  was  the  father 
of  Erastus,  who  was  born  Feb.  17,  1752.  He 
was  a  soldier ;  and  he  was  engaged  in  commer- 
cial business.  For  many  years  he  was  the  in- 
spector of  customs  at  Norwich.    Others  of  his 


684 


PEIIKINS. 


PEiaiY. 


namo  reached  n  grent  nj^e.  Dr.  Joscjili  PcrkiiiH 
died  nt  X.  in  171>»,iikw1  1)0. 

I'KUKIX.S,  Tii().iiAS  IIamunvi),  coIdiuI,  died 
in  brookliiie  in  Jan.,  IH.'j  1,  ngiul  H!»,  being  horn 
in  HoHtoii  in  King,  now  Ktnto  Htrect,  J)ec.  l.j, 
17(JJ.  As  u  merchiuit  he  iictjuircd  n  fortinic  of 
2,000,000  doiiarH.  He  hud  tin  enrly  imrtnerHhip 
in  buHincHS  with  his  brother  JonieH,  in  llie  trnde 
of  tiio  nortliweHt  const.  Canton,  and  Calcutta. 
lie  woH  tt  man  of  imblic  Njiirit  and  great  liberal- 
ity) Roveral  8])k'ndid  cliuritable  inNlittitionN  were 
founded  by  his  niiinidecnce.  The  IVrkins  blind 
OMyhim,  the  inercnatile  library  aHNociation,  and 
the  DoHton  alluMia'um  Hhared  largely  in  his 
bounty.  In  1HI2  he  made  a  s])eeih  in  laying  the 
corner-stone  of  the  merelinnt's  exchange.  A 
company  of  the  blind  puiiils  of  the  asylum  at- 
tended his  funeral.  —  l,il'e,hy  T.  (I.  Cari/. 

PEUKINS,  Okouci;  Wii.i,i.\.m,  died  at  Chicago 
Nov.  15,  ISJO,  aged  about  O'J.  He  graduated  at 
Yale  in  1H1!4;  was  minister  of  Meriden,  Conn., 
many  yeors,  and  hail  but  recently' gone  to  Chi- 
cago. He  was  a  preacher  of  diNtinction  ;  his  zeal 
against  Klavery  never  grew  cold. 

rKULKY,  S.VMUKI,,  minister  of  Moultonbo- 
rougli,  N.  II.,  died  in  1831,  aged  89.  Horn  hi 
Ipswich,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  I'tili;  was 
minister  of  Seabrook,  N.  II.,  from  1705  to  1770; 
and  was  settled  at  M.  in  1778,  and  at  length  dis- 
missed.— Sprai/ne'n  Annuls. 

PEULEY,  IIi'Mi'iiuKY  Clark,  minister  of 
Mcthuen,  Mass.,  died  in  1838,  aged  70.  Born  in 
Boxford,  he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1701 ; 
was  settled  from  170i3  to  1815;  then  in  Beverly, 
second  church,  from  1818  to  1821. 

PEUKEIX,  Jean,  eminent  for  his  acquointance 
with  natural  history,  died  at  New  York  in  180o, 
aged  04.  He  was  a  native  of  France,  and  a 
member  of  the  society  of  sciences  and  belles  let- 
tres  of  Bordeaux.  AVith  a  view  to  the  acquisition 
and  diffusion  of  knowledge  in  botany  and  other 
departments  of  natural  history,  he  travelled 
through  Africa  and  most  of  the  West  India 
islands.  To  complete  his  collection  of  birds, 
plants,  etc.,  he  came  to  New  York,  where  he 
spent  several  months ;  but  he  was  cut  down  in 
the  midst  of  his  labors.  In  Sonninni's  edition 
of  BufTon's  natural  history,  credit  is  given  to  Per- 
rein  as  the  author  of  many  of  the  most  valuable 
communicatio'S  contained  in  that  work. 

PERRINE,  Matthew  La  Hue,  D.  D.,  profes- 
sor of  ecclesiastical  history  at  Auburn,  N.  Y., 
died  Feb.  12,  1836,  aged  59.  Born  in  Mon- 
mouth, N.  J.,  ho  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1797, 
and  settled  as  the  pastor  of  Battle  Hill  in  1802. 
In  1811  ho  became  the  first  pastor  of  Spring 
street  church,  N.  Y.  He  died  in  peace  and  hope. 
In  his  various  relations  in  life  he  was  wise  and 
faithful 


PKUUY,  Josi'.i'ii,  minister  of  I'aNt  WiniUor, 
Conn.,  (lied  in  178.'),  aged  50.  Horn  in  SherLuiii, 
.MaNN.,hegraduate<l  at  Harvard  in  175'.';  in  1755 
he  was  nettled  as  a  colleague  wilh  Mr.  EiUvards, 
who  lived  till  I75H.  He  published  a  sermon  on 
the  death  of  U.  Wolcott,  1703;  of  X.  H(»oker, 
177 1  i  election  sermon,  1775. — S/iroi/iir'n  AiiikiIi. 

I'EUUY,  JoHlit'A,  minJHter  in  llaniden,  Conn., 
died  in  liurlington  in  1812,  aged  about  07.  He 
graduated  at  Yale  in  177." 

1'EU]{.Y,  David,  minihLii  of  Itichmond,  Mass., 
(lied  in  1817,  aged  70.  Horn  in  Huntington, 
Conn.,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1772,  and  wns 
minister  of  Ilarwinton,  Conn.,  from  1774  to  17K4, 
and  installed  at  Ui>.hmond  in  1784.  —  tipruijuc'a 
Aiinith. 

PEUUY,  Oliveii  Ha/aui),  a  naval  commander, 
died  Aug.  23,  1820,  aged  .')5.  He  was  born  nt 
Kingston,  near  Newport,  K.  I.,  in  Aug.,  17H5; 
he  was  the  sen  of  Christopher  11.  P.,  a  navol 
])atriot  of  the  Revolution,  and  collector  of  Xew- 
jiort,  who  died  in  May,  1818;  and  grandson  of 
Judge  Freeman  P.,  who  died  in  Oct.,  1813,  aged 
82.  His  earliest  ancestor  in  America  was  Va\- 
mund  P.,  a  Qualicr.  Having  served  as  a  mid- 
shipman in  the  Mediterranean,  he  was  in  1812 
advanced  to  be  master-commandant.  In  1813 
he  was  a])pointed  to  the  command  of  the  siiund- 
ron  on  Loke  Erie.  Sojjt.  10,  he  achieved  a  coni- 
l)lcte  victory  over  the  enemy  under  Com.  Hareliiy, 
after  an  action  of  three  hours,  cajituring  the  whole 
squadron.  In  1815  he  proceeded  to  the  Mediter- 
ranean in  command  of  the  Java;  in  June,  IHl!), 
he  proceeded  to  the  AVest  Indies  in  the  shij)  John 
Adams.  He  died  of  the  yellow  fever  at  Port 
Si)ain,  Trinidad.  His  wii'e  was  a  daughter  of  Dr. 
Mason,  and  niece  of  Chrlstojiher  Chumjilin  of 
Newport;  he  left  four  sons  and  one  daughter. 
He  once  unhajjpily  was  engaged  in  a  duel.  Under 
a  sense  of  a  supposed  injury,  he  jjersonally  as- 
saulted Caj)t.  Heath  of  the  marines  on  board  of 
his  ship.  A  court  martial  censured  both.  Cnpt. 
II.  however  challenged  him,  and  a  duel  wns 
fought  on  the  Jei'sey  shore  in  Oct.,  1818,  though 
Perry  refused  to  fire.  The  contemptible  code  of 
honor  must  explain  how  the  opportunity  of  shoot- 
ing off  a  pistol  at  Perry  could  soothe  into  quiet- 
ness the  irritated  feelhigs  of  the  captain  of 
marines.  Had  the  commodore  refused  thus  to 
stand  as  a  mark  to  be  fired  at,  instead  of  violat- 
ing the  laws  of  his  country,  he  would  have  been 
honored  for  a  manly  courage,  which  restrained  liim 
from  doing  wrong.  Our  rulers,  whose  business  it 
is  to  execute  the  laws  of  the  people,  ought  to  have 
struck  both  their  names  from  the  rolls  of  the  navy. 

PEKRY,  B.vxTER,  minister  of  Lyme,  N.  H., 
died  in  1829,  aged  37. 

PERRY,  Joseph,  minister  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.,  died  in  1829,  aged  00. 


I'EllllY. 


I'ETKIIS. 


055 


PrnUY,  Job.  M.  S.,  nil«(«innnr)' to  Coylon,  (lird  I  Inn  n<lliprriit«.     Diirinn  liU  five  yonrfi' mii\l«lry, 
Marcli  10,  1H;J7,  iin''''  •'">  "'"  •'"'  I'li'ilcni :  liin  wife    one  liiimln'tl  mid  ^i^ly  ixtmiiih  juiiicil  liis  I'niniiui- 


(lii'cl  of  llii'  Kiiiiie  (li^()r(l('r,  Marcli  l.'J.  Ill'  wiih 
tliL-  Hiin  of  ItfV.  Mr.  I'frry,  nf  Sluiroii,  Coiiii., 
(jriiiliuUfil  Hi  Yiili'  in  1H'J7,  mid  \vii»  Ni-itlitl  in  tin- 
iniiiiNtry  at  Mt'iidi)ii.  Ilis  wil'i',  Harriet  J.  I,a- 
thropi  II  native  of  Xorwicli,  waM  thi'  hiNlcr  of  MrN. 
Wiiihlow  and  Mrs.  Ciii-rry,  iiiinsioiiniicH.  Anions 
her  i:i'*t  utteraiicoH  were  tliu  wordN,  "  Swciit  in'aec! 
HWiTt  |)oacc!" 

I'MUUY,  ALFBi:n,  M.  1).,  died  at  SlockliridKo, 

Ma»H.,  ill  \K'>iX,  ii^'d  -'17.     The  hoii  of  llcv.  David 

I'crry,  he  f^raihiated  at  Wiliiains  collet'  in  1HI);J. 

I'lMlUY,  J.\Mi:-t,  a  Metiiodist  niiniMter,  died  at 

I'lainlicid,  Vt.,  in  IHIO,  w^cd  81'. 

IMCllllY,  I'ii.NATiiAN,  cajitHin,  died  ot  llnNh, 
X.  Y.,  June,  IH  ID,  aj^ed  00.  lie  entered  the  army 
at  iifteen,  and  fought  at  Uennington,  Saratoga, 
and  Kutaw. 

I'KSSACl'S,  a  NarrngaiiHett  snganiore,  who, 
witli  othernagiimoreHanda  Niantick  de])iity,  made 
a  treaty  in  1015,  at  DoHton,  witii  tiie  tommission- 
er»  of  tiie  four  coloiiic:H  of  MasHaehiiselts,  llhode 
Island,  Connecticut  and  New  Haven.  ruinniUMli 
was  another  of  the  seven  Indian  Nigncrs.  I'esKa- 
ciis  was  the  successor  of  Miantunnoniu. — Fclt'.i 
Hint,  of'  New  I'Jnijliiml, 

rid'EltS,  Thomas,  the  first  minister  of  Say- 
hrook,  tlic  hrotlier  of  Hugh  P.,  was  a  minister  in 
Cornwall,  England,  who  was  driven  away  in  the 
civil  wars,  and  came  to  this  country  witli  Fen- 
wick,  arriving  at  New  Haven  in  July,  1GU9,  and 
settled  at  Saybrook  aliout  104 1.  ■\Vinthroi)  mar- 
ried liis  niece,  a  daughter  of  Hugh  reters.  Gov. 
■Winthroj),  of  Mass.,  spealis  of  his  own  brother 
and  sister  Peters.  This  perhaps  is  to  be  ex- 
l)lained  by  supposing,  as  the  wile  of  Thos.  Peters 
was  ill  America,  that  she  was  Gov.  Winthrop's 
sister.  Samuel  Peters  descended  from  William 
P.,  a  brother  of  Thomas,  who  settled  near  Boston 
in  1034.  A  letter  of  T.  P.,  written  at  Peqiiot,  or 
Saybrook,  to  Gov.  W.,  is  published  by  Mr.  Sav- 
age, dated  1045.  Of  his  death  there  is  no  note, 
lleing  invited  to  return  to  his  jjcoplc  in  England, 
he  sailed  from  Boston  in  Dec,  1040. 

PETEUS,  lluoii,  minister  of  Salem,  Mass., 
iud  Oct.  10,  1000,  aged  01.  lie  was  born  at 
Eowey  in  Cornwall,  in  1599,  and  was  educated  at 
Trinity  college,  Cambridge,  where  he  took  the 
degree  of  master  of  arts  in  1022.  Ho  was  li- 
censed by  the  Bishop  of  London,  and  preached 
in  the  city  with  great  popularity  and  success. 
Meeting  with  some  trouble  on  account  of  his  non- 
contbrmity,  ho  went  into  Holland,  where  he  re- 
mained five  or  six  years.  Ho  arrived  in  America 
with  Ilichard  Mather  in  Aug.,  1035.  He  took 
the  charge  of  the  church  in  Salem,  Dec.  21, 1G3G, 
disclaiming  the  errors  of  Mr.  Williams,  who  had 
been  minister  before  him,  oud  cxcommuuicatiug 


nioii.     He  did  not  eciiithic  IiIm  attentinii  in  reli- 
gidiiM  ('oiirertiN,  but  Inok  nil  iiiterisl  in  iiirrcanlilo 
and  (i\il  iiHiiirs.     lie  aKxinled   in  reruriniiig  liiu 
police  of  the  town  t  he  NiiggeHliil  tiie  pliiii  of  llio 
tisiiery,  and  of  tiie  Cdasliiig  ;iiid  fnrclgii  \oyageK| 
he   pri)ciire<l  carpeiitei's,  mid  engaged    in   trade 
with  great  Niiccehs,     His  zeal  in  uorldly  concerna 
was    proltalily   tin-   eall^e  of   his   Hii|i|iies.ing  in 
Salem    the    weekly   and   oeeaHiiinai    lectures,  by 
wliicii  tile  good  men  of  that  day  v,vrv  iioiiriNiied 
up  unto  eleniul   life,     lleiiig  coiuidered  as  a  suit- 
iilile  |iersoii  to  send  to   England  to  procure  an 
alteralidii  in  the  laws  of  excise  and  trade,  he  was 
appiiiiited  for  this  purpose,  with  .Mr.  W'elde  and 
Mr,  I  libbiiis,  by  the  general  comt.aiid  sailed  .\ug. 
3,1041.     He  iievir  returned  to  .\iiieiica.     Dur- 
ing the  civil  wars  in   Ijigkiml   he   sii|i|;iirtc(l  the 
cause  of  the   parliaineiil,  and  ciintrilititcd   much 
aid  to  it  by  liis  preaeliiiig.     Burnet  says  that  ho 
pressed  the  king's  condeiiiiialion  with  the  rude- 
ness of  an  iinpiisitoi  ;  but  .Mr.  Peters  in  his  leg- 
acy   declares    that    he    opposed    it.      He    was 
appointed   liy  Cromwell  one  of  the  licensers  of 
iniiiisters,  and  also  a  coiiiinissloiicr  for  amending 
the  laws,  though  utterly  ili'-(pialilied  lor  the  busi- 
ness.    After   the    restoration,  he   was   tried    for 
conspiring  with   Cromwell  and   comiJiissiiig   the 
king's  death,  and  was  I'xeeuled.     His  wile  was 
the  widow  of  Colonel  Head  :  her  daughter  mar- 
ried John  Wiiitlirop  of  Conn.     His  own  daughter, 
Elizabeth,  was  baptized  in  lOlO.     She  married  a 
Mr.  Barker ;  and   was   a  widow,  and   living   at 
De])tford,  l^ngland,  in  1709.      l'"or  her  he  wrote 
his  legacy  in  1000.     He  was  charged  by  his  ene- 
mies with  great  vices  ;  but  it  is  not  probable  that 
the  charges  were   well  founded,     lie  was,  how- 
ever, weak,  ignorant,  and  carrliil  awny  by  his 
zeal.     If  he  liad  contined  himself  to  the  proper 
duties  of  a  minister  of  the  gospel,  and  had   not 
engaged  in  jiarties,  nor  become  the  toed  of  the 
ambitious,  nor  exerted  himself  to  stimulate  the 
furious  passions  of  men,  he  winild  hove  been  use- 
ful and  rcsiiccted,  and  might  have  died  in  jieacc. 
Though  he  was  ignorant,  he  possessed  a  native 
and  peculiar  vigor.     He  had  the  power  of  associ- 
ating his  thoughts  in  such  a  manner,  as  to  prevent 
thtm  from  being  easily  forgotten.    His  coarse 
and  familiar  images  never  iiiiled  to  answer  his 
purposes,  and  his  vulgar  yet  striking  eloquence 
gained  him  thousands  of   hearers  in    London. 
Specimens  of  his  curious  sermons  are  to  bo  found 
in  the  trials  of  the  regicides.      In  an  engraving 
])reiixed  lie  is  placed  in  the  pulpit  with  a  multi- 
tude before  him ;  his  hour  glass  is  turned,  and  ho 
says,  "  Come,  my  good  fellows,  I  know  you  like 
another  glass."    His  verses  for  his  daughter  were 
entitled  "  my  wishes."    One  Btouza  is  this : 


60$  rirmns. 

"  T  irtih  jrm  nxUhpr  (xiTiTtr,  nor  Hi"h«i, 

Hut  KrhlllMf'Mii,  Kii  Kltlnflll,  wttll  i-nli(i'nl[ 
Nil  imlriliil  |i<iiii|i,  iiiir  K>"ry  'l>"'  I"'"!''  I>M| 

A  lil»nii'li'ii>  llfi'  N  till'  Ix'Kt  tiinniiiiiKiit : 
Ami  niii'li  i>  mini,  timl  uutn  rilHitii  tliii  •kjr, 
Wall  ploMM  lo  llri>,  liut  Iwllvr  pIcMU  tii  Old." 

The  "riilfn"  which  ho  dont  to  ItiH  daughter 
Urom  priHon  were  tlicHi- : 


"  Ut  th;  Thniiglila 
Tnik 
Wnnla 
Unniion 
Dti'i 
A|>|ianil 
Will 
Blii-p 
I'myoiK 
Itrriviillnn 
Memory 


l>«  lililno,  iiwhil,  Rfiilljr, 

■•  l.llili',  h "t,  triio. 

"  I'roniiilili',  hnly.  iliiirltaM*. 

"  drnvi'.  niiirtHiiiK,  rliMTfiil. 

"  Ti'iii|K'niti-,  riiiifi'hliint,  nriigal. 

"  Hdlwr,  iwMit,  fdiiHt'y, 

"  t'liMntitril,  iiliinlli'Mt,  rmily. 

**  Alixlomti',  f|iili<t,  NiMiitfiniililp. 

"  Cliiirl,  ili'Tiiiil,  iiflr'ii,  rirvi'iit. 

"  Niwfiil,  lirli'f,  "ililiuii. 

■'  Of  ili'tttli,  |iuiili<liiiiunt,  Kinry," 


lie  puhlinhcd  n  nermon  before  hoth  hoimon  of 
parliament  in  lOKli  lant  report  of  I  lie  Kiinlish 
wiirs;  0  word  to  tlio  nrniy,  l((l7i  ({ood  work  for 
a  good  niiiKii'trnte,  or  nhort  wny  to  >{reat  <iuict, 
1031  (in  this  Work  lie  iTojioNi'd  the  extirpation 
of  the  whole  HjHteni  of  lawn,  and  recommended 
that  the  old  recordN  in  the  tower  Hhoiild  he 
burned  aH  recordN  of  tyranny,  and  that  they  Nhould 
begin  anew)  i  brief  aen  den  Voder  la  Chiii/e ;  a 
dying  fatherV  legacy  to  IiIh  only  child,  Hvo.,  KiOO 
and  1717.  This  Iuih  been  Hpokcn  of  with  reNjiect, 
It  is  j)rcserved  in  the  New  I')ngland  library  eHtali- 
liNhcd  by  Mr.  I'rince  of  ItoNton.  —  Yhuikj'h  Li/'f 
of  I'i'fcrii ;  SpraiiHv'ii  Ahtiah  ;  ('yd.  Amer,  hit. 

rilTl'-llS,  Andukw,  llrNt  niiiiiNter  of  Middle- 
ton,  MaxN.,  died  in  1730,  aged  35.  Horn  in  An- 
dovcr,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  172.'J,  and  was 
settled  in  1729.    IIIm  HueceHHor  was  K.  Smith. 

rKTKHS,  John,  died  in  Adams,  .MasH.,  Sept. 
10,  1807,  aged  107,  retaining  to  the  last  all  \m 
faculties. 

PETFJIS,  Samuel  A.,  LL.  Y).,  an  Episcojial 
minister,  died  at  New  York,  April  19,  1820,  aged 
00,  and  was  buried  nt  Hebron.  He  was  born  at 
Hebron,  Conn.,  Dec.  12,  173.5;  graduated  at 
Yale  college  in  1757;  took  the  charge  of  the 
churches  at  Hartford  and  Hebron  in  1702,  but, 
being  a  Tory,  he  in  1774  went  to  Kngland,  where 
he  resided  till  1800,  when  he  returned  to  this  coun- 
try. In  1817  and  1818  ho  made  a  journey  to  the 
West  as  far  as  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  claiming 
a  largo  territory  under  Carver.  Ho  publishec^  a 
history  of  Connecticut,  8vo.,  1781.  It  is  embar- 
rassed in  its  authority  by  a  number  of  fables. 
Roy.  Dr.  ISacon,  in  his  historical  discourses,  calls 
it  "  that  most  unscrui)ulous  and  malicious  of  lying 
narratives,  rotors'  history  of  Conuccilcut." — C^d, 
Amcr.  Lit. 

PETJ'IRS,  Richard,  judge  of  the  district  court 
of  the  United  States,  died  Aug.  21,  1828,  aged 
84.  lie  was  born  at  I'hiladelphia  in  June,  1744, 
the  son,  as  I  suppose,  of  Richard  Peters,  I).  I)., 
an  Episcopal  minister,  who  died  in  1775.  He  en- 
tered successfully  upon  the  practice  of  the  law. 


PRTTKNOlLt. 

rongrp**  nppolnli'd  him,  June  l.'l,  1770,  nrrrrtnry 
of  the  li'iard  of  war.  On  rcnigning  tliiit  poNt  Ik* 
was  appoiiilt'd  in  Itcccinbcr,  I7NI,  a  mi'iiibi-r  of 
congrcnn  I  and,  in  I7N9,  jiKlgc  of  the  district 
court,  ill  which  ofllrc  he  continued  tliirty-»ix  jcarH, 
till  hit  death  at  IllnclJcy,  nnir  I'biliidclphia.  Of 
the  adniiriilly  law  of  tlie  I'liilcd  Stales  he  niny 
be  deemed  the  foiiiiilcr.  I IIh  deci'loiiH  are  pre- 
served in  PetiTH*  reporlN.  He  was  a  prartitul 
farmer.  In  1707  he  puMMieda  piiinplilct  on  the 
use  of  gyjmimi,  which  Inlrodiiced  the  ciillure  of 
clover,  and  eti'ected  a  lieiiellciiil  eliiinge  in  liim- 
bandry.  His  viiioiiN  einnmiiiiicalioiis  np|. eared 
in  the  menioirs  of  the  l'hilu(lel|ihia  ngricultund 
society. 

PI'.TEUS,  John  V.,  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Connec'licut,  died  at  Hartrord  in  IN.'tl, 
aged  09. 

I'llTI'.RS,  AiiHAt,»)M,  general,  died  in  Xew 
York,  Maieli  '.'!»,  ISIO,  ngtd  NO.  Morn  in  llc- 
briiM,  Conn.,  he  deNceiidcd  rroiii  William  of  \\m- 
ton,  the  brother  of  Hugh  Peters.  His  great 
grandfather  was  John  of  Andover ;  his  grand- 
father was  John,  his  father  Colonel  John,  both  of 
Hebron.  He  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  I7H0, 
He  settled  as  a  Cariner  at  Wentworth,  N.  Y.  In 
the  war  he  rendered  services  to  his  eountrv,  and 
he  sustained  various  otlices.  His  first  wile  wan 
Mary  Rogers,  a  descendant  of  J(din  Rogers  thu 
nmrtyr,  After  his  second  marriage,  in  IN21,t() 
the  widow  of  Rev,  John  (Jiirley,  he  removed  to 
Lebanon,  Conn.,  and  lived  near  his  paternal  home. 
Ho  died  at  the  house  of  his  son,  John  R.  1', 
Another  son  is  Rev.  Dr.  Absalom  Peters, 

Pirri'lRS,  Samii;i-  a.,  judge,  died  at  Colches- 
ter, (,'onn..  Dee.  19,  1804,  aged  80.  He  was  one 
of  the  oldest  lawyerH  in  Conn.,  and  a  judge  of 
New  London  county  court. 

PETERS,  EliWAUli  D.,  a  successful  nurclmiit 
of  Uostcm,  died  suddenly  of  apoj)lexy  ot  his  house 
in  Jainoica  Plain,  Oct.  20,  1850,  aged  70.  Ho 
was  a  native  of  Dhie  Hill,  Me. ;  a  man  respected 
for  his  integrity.  He  lelt  four  sons,  active  nicr- 
chonts  in  Hoston. 

PETERSON,  SiMKON,  a  Freewill  Haptist  min- 
ister, died  at  Hermon,  N.  Y.,  in  1837,  aged  40. 

PETI'-R.SON,  John  D.,  minister  of  a  (ierinnn 
Lutheran  eluirch,  died  in  U])per  Conada  in  IN  IS, 
aged  91.  ])orn  in  Itremen,  he  was  pastor  at  llar- 
risburg,  Pa.,  from  1803  to  1819,  when  lie  become 
pastor  of  Markhiim  and  Vaughun  in  r])])er  Can- 
ada. He  was  faithful  and  zealous  in  his  ofljcu  un- 
til his  labors  were  interrupted  by  iidinniiy. 

PETTEN(iILL,  Amoh,  died  at  Salem  llri(l.!,'c, 
Conn.,  Aug.  17,  1830.  nged  50.  Horn  at  Salciii, 
N.  H.,  he  graduated  at  Cambridg*!  in  1805.  He 
was  a  minister  for  five  years  at  ('hainplain,  N.  Y., 
till  1812,  and  wos  installed  at  Litchfield  South 
Farms,  Conn.,  in  1810.  After  an  unquiet  jieriod 
of  six  jeoxB  ho  removed  tu  a  mure  pleasaut 


riiELrs. 


PHILIP. 


657 


oIkmIp,  to  Siilrm,  Conn.,  now  Nniijjnturk,  for  liin 
h(\i'ii  last  yi'arn.  lli'  wtin  ii  n'H|i(tiril  mid  uwl'iil 
niiiiixtcr.  A  nuniitir  uriiiiii,  li;  1,.  liiirt.iH  uniiin^ 
tlio  voliinit'N  of  MiissachuHrttH  Saliliutli  school  no- 
cictv.  J  If  rinilt'iiil  Horviif  ua  a  IriulitT  and  in 
ntliiT  wiiy.H  to  llu'  cause  of  L'ducal ion.  He  ptilh 
lislicil  II  view  of  the  heaven.'*,  for  hcIiooIh,  IH'Jd  ;  a 
rotary  ceh'stial  maps  the  spirit  of  Meihodisin, 
IH'JI);  u  Ncrmon  at  the  ordination  of  J.  Johnson  i 
and  oilier  discourstn.  —  S/inii/ui'.i  AiukiI.i, 

rill'.Lr'S,  AM(ih  a.,  minister  in  lioston,  died 
nt  lloxliury,  July  .'JO,  IN  17,  ii)j[<'d  \'2.  Horn  in 
Sinisliury,  Conn.,  he  nfmli'it'i'd  at  Yale  in  iML'li; 
was  ininiitor  of  llopkinton  two  yearn  i  then  \)an- 
tor  of  I'ino  direct  church  in  ItoNtou  from  IM.'J'J  to 
IH'M.  Tiien  he  enj^ajjed  in  the  service  of  the 
anti-slavery  society,  and  was  fjeneral  ai^ent,  and 
edited  the  Kmanci]iator ;  in  l.S.'JO  he  liecanie  the 
minister  of  the  MarllioronKh  chapel  free  church  ; 
in  IHI'2  he  was  jmstor  of  the  Maverick  church, 
Last  UoKton,  niul  aflerwanlH  secretary  of  the 
anti-slavery  society  at  New  York.  lie  jiuhlished 
lectures  on  slavery,  IHilt  j  hook  of  the  Sahhath^ 
1811 )  letters  to  l)rs.  llacon  and  Stowe  ;  and  sev- 
eral jiamphlets  relating  to  slavery.  —  Sjirai/uc'ii 
Annnls. 

I'llELPS,  DUDLKY,  minister  of  Oroton,  Mass., 
died  Sept.  24,  1849,  aged  51.  lie  graduated  at 
Yale  in  1823,  and  was  settled  first  at  Haverhill  in 
1828  J  then  at  Groton  in  183G.  He  ijublished  a 
temperance  address  at  Haverhill,  1830. 

I'llELPS,  John,  judge,  died  April  14,  1849. 
He  drafted  the  constitution  of  Vermont;  which 
State  he  left,  1837,  to  assist  his  wife,  Mrs.  Lincoln 
riicljjs,  in  conducting  Patajjsco  female  institution. 

PHELPS,  Davi^NI'oht,  Episcopal  minister, 
died  at  Geneva,  N.  Y.,  before  1810,  aged  about 
60.  His  father  was  Alexander  Pheljjs  of  Conn. ; 
his  mother  was  the  daughter  of  ttev.  Dr.  Elcozar 
Wheelock. 

PHELPS,  Benaiaii,  first  minister  of  Man- 
chester, Conn.,  died  in  1817,  aged  about  70.  He 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1701 ;  was  settled  nl  out 
1780  ;  and  removed  to  Nova  Scotia  about  179j. 

PHELPS,  Elisiia,  died  at  Simsbury,  Conn.,  in 
1847,  aged  67.  Bom  in  S.,  he  graduated  at  Y^alc 
in  1800,  and  was  a  member  of  congress  from 
1819  to  1821,  and  from  1825  to  1829. 

PHELPS,  Olivku,  died  near  Buffalo,  in  West 
Ciinada,  May  4,  1851,  aged  71,  a  man  of  distinc- 
tion in  western  New  York.  He  was  bom  in  1779 
ill  Simsbury,  Conn.,  of  a  humble  family.  In  com- 
pany with  Nathaniel  Gorhani  he  purchased  the 
Genesee  country  in  New  York,  and  thus  became 
a  man  of  wealth.  He  lived  much  at  Canandai- 
gua,  and  also  at  St.  Catharine's,  in  Canada  West. 
In  the  Welland  canal  he  was  much  interested. 
At  l^udlowville  he  built  the  Presbyterian  church 
almost  at  his  own  expense.  His  religious  charac- 
ter is  liigUly  commended.  Ue  was  a  member  of 
83 


the  church,  n  man  of  prnyor,  and  who  loved  to 
meet  wilh  hi*  fellow  Ciiristiaim.  A  f<'W  diiys  bo- 
fore  his  death  he  visileil  tlu'  place  of  his  liirlh  :  it 
was  on  his  return  that  he  died  before  he  reached 
his  home.  In  his  nii'niorandtini  book  he  made, 
near  the  place  of  his  birth,  this  very  iiilcrcHting 
entry;  "Here,  on  the  top  of  this  mountain, 
near  my  father's  place,  on  the  19th  of  August, 
17!M»,  —  on  this  same  s|)ot  where  I  now  stand, — 
ilid  (iod  open  my  eyes  to  behold  the  glory  of  the 
Lamb.  Filly-one  years  last  .\ugust  here  I  bowed 
in  jtrayer  and  praise  to  God  for  plucking  me  as  a 
liniiid  from  the  burning.  And  here  again,  on 
this  2;(d  of  .Vjiril,  IM.Jl,  have  I  bowed  the  knee  in 
prayer  and  praise,  that  his  love  and  grace  are 
htill  the  same."  Let  our  rich  and  great  men  pon- 
der on  tlu'se  words. —  ( iLivrt'ir,  Aug.  7,  18.51. 

PHELPS,  Ei.iZAiiKni,  died  at  Andover,  Nov. 
30,  1852,  aged  .10.  She  was  daughter  of  Prof. 
Stuart  and  the  wife  of  Prof.  Phel])H.  She  wrote 
an  interesting  book,  entitled  sunny-side,  and 
much  else  which  is  instructive  and  useful. 

PHELl'S,  Anhon  G.,  died  in  New  York,  Nov. 
30,  185;*,  aged  74.  A  native  of  Canton,  Conn., 
he  resiaed  in  New  Y'ork,  a  merchant  and  manu- 
facturer. He  was  a  member  of  the  American 
board  of  missions,  ond  was  president  of  the  New 
Yo.  colonization  society,  —  a  man  of  benevo- 
lence and  piety.  Of  his  jiroperty  of  two  mil- 
lions and  a  half  of  dollars,  he  left  more  than  half 
a  million  to  benevolent  j)ur])oscs  :  besides  other 
bequests  to  twenty-two  grandchildren,  he  gave  to 
each  5,000  dollars,  the  interest  of  which  to  be  an- 
nually devoted  to  religious  charity.  The  asylum 
for  the  blind  shared  his  bounty. 

PHELPS,  Sami'i;:,  S.,  judge,  died  in  Middle- 
bury,  Vt.,  March  25,  1855,  aged  01.  Born  in 
Litchfield,  a  graduate  of  Yale  in  1811,  he  for  a 
while  served  in  Jie  army,  then  settled  as  a  lawyer 
in  M.  He  was  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court, 
and  a  senator  of  the  United  States  from  1839 
to  1851. 

I'l  HLBRICK,  AmoAiL,  Mrs.,  died  at  Deerfield, 
N.  IL,  May  22,  1841,  aged  103. 

PHILIP,  sachem  of  Pokanoket,  well  known  by 
the  name  of  King  Phili]),  died  Aug.  12, 1070.  He 
was  the  youngest  son  of  ^lassassoit,  and  succeed- 
ed his  brother  Alexander  in  1057.  In  1002  he 
renewed  the  frl(!ndship  which  had  subsisted  with 
the  English,  and  engaged  not  to  dispose  of  any 
lands  without  their  knowledge  or  a|)pointment. 
In  1075  be  commenced  the  war  which  desolated 
New  England.  It  is  said  that  he  was  pressed 
into  the  war  by  the  ini])ortuiiity  of  bis  young 
warriors.  As  he  foresaw  the  loss  of  his  territory 
and  the  extinction  of  his  tribe,  if  the  English 
settlements  were  permitted  to  extend  and  in- 
crease without  interruption,  he  was  determined  to 
make  one  mighty  effort  to  prevent  these  calami- 
ties.   Ue  iu  consequence  lighted  up  the  llame  of 


668 


PHILLIPS. 


PHILLIPS. 


war  in  various  ])art8  of  the  countrj".  TIic  first 
attack  was  made  Sunday,  June  20.  After  doiiif? 
mucli  miHchief,  as  he  was  endeavoring  to  esca])e 
from  C'a])tain  Church,  who  had  j)ursued  him  into 
a  swamj),  he  was  killed.  The  name  of  the  Indian 
soldier  who  killed  him  was  Alderninn."  liy 
Church's  order,  Phili])  was  liehciuled  and  quar- 
tered !  Thus,  after  deeds  of  heroism,  fell  King 
Pliilip  of  Mount  lIo])e  in  Kliode  Island.  Mr. 
Eliot  once  ])rcached  belbre  hini,  when  he  took 
hold  of  a  button  of  the  good  man's  coat,  and  said 
to  liim,  "  I  do  not  value  the  gosjjcl  any  more  than 
that."  —  Brake's  Ind.  liing. ;  Jiaylics. 

PHILLIPS,  Geougk,  first  minister  of  "Watcr- 
tewn,  Mass.,  died  July  1,  1(>44.  He  Avas  horn  in 
the  county  of  Norfolk,  England,  and  was  educated 
at  the  university  of  Cambridge,  where  he  gained 
a  high  reputation  for  learning.  Having,  as  he 
believed,  been  made  a  jiartaker  of  the  iJivine  na- 
ture through  the  renewing  agency  of  the  Holy 
Spirit,  he  devoted  himself  to  the  ministry  f)f  the 
gospel,  and  was  settled  at  Boxford  in  Essex.  15ut, 
becoming  a  nonconformist  to  the  ceremonies  of 
the  established  church,  he  came  to  New  England 
with  Governor  AVinthrop  in  the  Arabella,  and  ar- 
rived at  Salem  in  June,  1C30.  He  immediately, 
with  Sir  llichard  Saltonstnll  and  others,  com- 
menced a  ])lantation  at  Watertown.  A  church 
was  formed  July  30th,  when  about  forty  members 
signed  a  covenant,  binding  themselves  to  cleave 
unto  the  word  of  God,  and  "  the  true  sense  and 
mtaning  thereof."  A  confession  of  faith  was  af- 
terwards added.  The  salary  settled  upon  the 
minister  was  30  pounds  a  year.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Mr.  Sherman.  He  was  much  lamented 
by  his  chureli,  who  expressed  their  resjiect  to  his 
memory  by  educating  liis  eldest  son,  Samuel 
Phillips,  who  was  afterwards  minister  of  Itowlcy, 
and  eminently  useful. 

Mr.  Phillips  was  well  skilled  in  the  original 
languages  in  which  the  bible  was  written,  and 
such  was  liis  attachment  to  the  word  of  God,  that 
he  used  to  read  it  through  six  times  in  every  year, 
and  he  always  found  in  it  something  new.  As 
a  preacher  he  was  very  faithful,  and  many  were 
converted  by  means  of  his  labors.  Though  very 
humble  aijd  modest,  he  was  an  able  disj)utant. 
He  pubUshed  a  judicious  work,  entitled,  a  re])ly 
to  a  confutation  of  some  grounds  for  infants' 
baptism,  as  also  concernmg  the  form  of  a  church, 
put  forth  against  me  by  one  Thomas  Lamb  \  to 
which  is  added,  a  discourse  of  tlie  verity  and  va- 
lidity of  infants'  bajjtism,  1045.  —  Mather's  Mag- 
nalia,  in.  82-84,  102. 

PHILLIPS,  William,  major,  lived  in  Saco, 
Maine,  in  16i59 ;  his  house  was  assaulted  by  the 
Indians  Sept.  18,  1675,  and  afterwards  burnt  by 
them. 

PHILLIPS,  Samuel,  an  early  bookseller  in 
Boston,  was  spoken  of  by  John  Duntou  of  Lon- 


I  don,  in  1G80,  who  then  visited  B.,  as  very  thriv- 
ing, as  "  young  and  witty,  and  the  most  bcautil'ul 
man  in  the  town  of  lioston." 

PHILLIPS,  Samiix,  son  of  l!tv.  George  P. 
was  the  minister  of  Kowley,  Mass.,  and  died 
April  22,  1000,  aged  71.  He  was  born  in  ]',ox- 
ford,  luigland,  in  1025,  and  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1000,  being  educated  at  the  expense  of 
the  church  of  Watertown;  an  honorable  testi- 
mony of  their  gratitude  to  his  iiither.  He  was 
settled  as  the  colleague  of  Mr.  llogers.  Ilia 
widow,  Sarah,  daughter  of  Samuel  Aj)j)leton  of 
Ipswich,  died  in  1713,  aged  80.  His  son,  Samuel, 
a  goldsmith  of  Salem,  married  Mary,  daughter 
of  Itev.  John  Emerson  of  Gloucester,  and  was 
the  liUher  of  Itev.  Samuel  Phillips  of  Andover. 

PHILLIPS,  John,  colonel,  of  Charlestown, 
died  March  20,  1725,  aged  93.  He  was  judge 
of  admiralty,  and  treasurer  of  the  i)rovinee. 

PHILLU'S,  Gkoiiui:,  minister  of  Brookhavon, 
L.  I.,  died  in  1730,  aged  75.  The  son  of  I  lev. 
Samuel  P.  of  Itowley,  he  graduated  at  Harvard 
in  1080,  and  preached  a  few  years  at  Jamaica, 
L.  I.,  before  he  was  settled  at  U.,  in  1702.  Though 
a  good  man,  it  is  thought  that  he  was  too  much 
addicted  to  lacetiousness  and  wit. 

PHILLIPS,  Samukl,  minister  of  Andover, 
Mass.,  died  June  5,  1771,  aged  81.  He  wi)s  the 
grandson  of  Samuel  P.,  minister  of  llowley,  and 
the  son  of  Samuel  P.,  a  goldsmith  of  Salem.  He 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1708  ;  begun 
to  ])reach  in  the  south  and  new  parish  of  Andover 
Ajn-il  30,  1710;  and  was  ordained  Oct.  17th.  He 
continued  faithfully  to  discharge  the  duties  of  the 
sacred  oflice  for  sixty  years  till  his  death.  Being 
sincerely  attached  to  thope  views  of  religious 
truth  which  were  embraced  by  the  first  fathers 
of  New  England,  he  could  not  quietly  see  the 
efforts  that  were  made  to  ])ervert  the  faith,  which 
he  was  persuaded  was  once  delivered  to  the 
saints.  He  exerted  himself  both  by  his  preach- 
ing and  his  writings  to  guard  his  peo])le  agaiiist 
the  intrusion  of  error.  He  contended  that  all 
mankind  come  into  the  world  de])raved  in  conse- 
quence of  Adam's  sin,  and  liable  to  imiiishnicnt ; 
that  men  could  as  easily  create  themselves  anew, 
as  believe  hi  Christ  by  a  jjower  hdierent  in  them- 
selves i  that  God  from  eternity  had  elected  iliosu 
whom  he  would  save,  and  on  whom  he  would  he- 
stow  his  eflicacious  grace  to  pre])are  them  lor 
salvation  ;  that  men  were  justified  on  aecouiil  ot' 
the  righteousness  of  Christ,  received  by  I'aitli, 
and  immediately  ujjon  believing ;  and  that  none, 
who  were  once  in  a  state  of  justification,  would 
finally  be  lost.  He  published  elegy  on  Xoycs 
and  Corwin  ;  a  word  in  season,  or  liie  duty  of  a 
peojjle  to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  a  glori- 
ous God,  1727)  advice  to  a  child,  1720;  the  his- 
tory of  the  Saviour ;  the  orthodox  Christian,  or 
a  child  well  instructed,  1738;  a  minister's  addrciiii 


piiiiLirs. 

to  liis  people,  17391  artillrry  election  sermon, 
1711  ;  livin;^  water  to  he  had  for  nskiiifj;  election 
sermon,  17.')0;  the  sinnei's  refusal  to  tome  unto 
Cln-ist  rejiroved  ;  the  necessity  of  God's  drawinf; 
in  order  to  men's  comin;,'  unto  Christ ;  convention 
sermon,  n.j.'J;  at  the  ordination  of  X.  Holt;  at 
the  instalment  of  S.  Chandler,  17 JO;  scasonahle 
advice  to  a  youiif;  neifjlihor,  17G1;  address  to 
voting  people,  in  a  dialop;ue  ;  a  sermon  to  youn;^ 
people,  1703)  on  justitlcation,  1700;  sin  of  sui- 
cide contrary  to  nature,  17(!7. 

IMIILLirS,  .loiiN,  LL.  ]).,  founder  of  the 
academy  in  Exeter,  N.  H.,  the  son  of  the  ])rc- 
cediiifj,  died  in  April,  179.J,  aged  70.  lie  was 
f^radnatcd  at  Harvard  college;  in  1785.  He  was 
for  several  years  a  mcmher  of  the  council  of  New 
Hampshire.  April  21,  1778,  ho  with  his  brother, 
Sanniel  I'hillips  of  Andover,  founded  and  lil)crally 
endowed  the  academy  in  that  town,  which  was 
incorijorated  in  1780.  In  1789  he  further  gave 
to  this  institution  20,000  dollars.  The  academy, 
called  Phillips'  Exeter  academy,  of  which  he  was 
the  sole  founder,  was  incorporated  in  1781  with 
a  fund  of  l;j,()()0  jwunds.  He  bequeathed  to  this 
academy  two-thirds  of  all  his  estate,  and  one- 
third  of  the  residue  to  the  seminary  at  Andover, 
ijartid'hvly  for  the  i)eneHt  of  pious  youth.  To 
this  ol)ject  his  brother,  William  Phillijjs  of  Bos- 
ton, also  bequeathed  4,000  dollars.  —  Morse's 
Gcoij.  ;  Ilulmes^  Annals,  ii.  40-1 ;  Constitution 
of  Til  CO.  Sem. 

PHILLH^S,  Samuel,  LL.  D.,  lieutenant-gov- 
ernor of  Massachusetts,  died  Feb.  10,  1S02,  aged 
50.  He  was  the  grandson  of  Samuel  P.,  minis- 
ter of  Andover.  His  father,  Samuel  P.,  one  of 
the  councillors  of  ^Massachusetts,  died  at  Andover 
Aug.  21,  1790,  aged  70.  Mr.  Phillips  was  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  college  in  1771.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  provincial  congress  in  1775,  and 
of  the  house  of  representatives  till  the  year  1780, 
when  he  assisted  in  framing  the  constitution  of 
Massachusetts.  On  its  adoj)tion  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  senate,  and  was  its  jjresident 
from  1785  to  1801.  Being  aj)))ointed  justice  of 
the  court  of  common  pleas  for  Essex  in  1781,  he 
held  this  oifice  till  1797,  when  his  declinhig  health 
induced  his  resignation.  He  was  chosen  lieut.- 
governor  in  1801.  His  widow,  Ph(rbe,  died  Oct. 
31,  1812,  aged  09.  His  son,  John,  died  in  Sept., 
1S20.  While  he  possessed  a  sound  judgment 
and  an  ardent,  persevering  spirit,  his  integrity 
and  jiatriotism  gained  him  the  confidence  of  his 
fellow-citizens.  Such  was  his  sui)erionty  to  llie 
pride  of  wealth  and  of  power,  and  such  his  be- 
nevolence and  humility,  tliat,  when  honored  with 
])ublic  applause  and  raised  to  eminence,  he  would 
frequently  s])end  the  interval  between  the  morn- 
ing and  evening  services  of  the  Sabbath  in  the 
house  of  God  for  the  purpose  of  reading  some 
pious  book  to  those  whose   distant  habitations 


PIHLLU'S. 


esft 


])rcvented  them  from  returni:;g  liu.ne.     He  was 
careful    to    impart    re!I,t;ious   instruction    to   his 
f.imily,  and    lie   led  its  daily  di'volions  with  hu- 
mility, fervor,   and  eloiiuenee.     He  appeared  to 
be  continually  governed  by  love  to  the   Sujireme 
lieing,  and  by  the  di'sire  of  imitating  his  benev- 
olence and  d^ing  good.     His  deep  views  of  evan- 
gelical doctrine   and   duty,  of  htinuni   depravity 
and  mediatorial  mercy,  formed  his   heart   to  hu- 
mility, condescension,  and  kindness,  and  led  him 
continually    to    d('])end    on    the    grace    of    God 
through  the  atonement  of  his  Son.    lie  projected 
the  academy  at  Andover,  and  was  mucii   con- 
cerned in  establishing  that  as  well  as  the  acad- 
emy at  lOxeter,  which  were  founded  by  his  father 
and  uncle.    To  these  institutions  he  was  a  dis- 
tinguished  benefactor.     His    exertions    to   effect 
their  establishment  bring  him  the  highest  honor, 
for  he  was  the  natural  heir  of  the  founders,     llo 
bequeathed   1000  dollars,  one  sixth  part  of  tho 
interest   of  which   he   directed    annually   to  be 
added  to  the  jjriucijial,  and  the  remainder  to  be 
cxjiended  in   the  ])urchase  of  bibles,  and  other 
books,  to  be  distributed  among  jjoor  and  pious 
Christians  in  other  towns,  and  also  among  the 
inhabitants  of  places  where  the  means  of  religious 
knowlc^lge   are  very   s])aringly   enjoyed.     After 
his   death,   his   widow,  I'lKche  PhiUijis,  and  his 
son,  John  Phillijis  of  Andover,  evinced  the  same 
attachment  to  the  interests  of  learning  and  reli- 
gion by  uniting  with  Samuel  Abbot,  and  three 
others  of  a  most  liberal  and  benevolent  spirit,  in 
founding  tho  theological   seminary  in  Andover, 
which  was  opened  in  September,  1818.     On  their 
part  they  engaged  to  erect  twosejjarato  buildings 
for  the  accommodation  of  fifty  students,  and  for 
jniblic  rooms.    By  such  acts  of  most   honorable 
munificence  has  the  family,  which  bears  the  name 
of  Phillips,  proved  to  the  world  tiiat  the  blessing 
of  v.'eallh  may  I'all  into  hands  which  shall  employ 
it,  for  ihcbcst  of -purposes.  —  Tappan's  Fun.  Ser. 
PIIUIJI'S,  William,  lieutenant-governor  of 
JIassachusetts,  the  grandson  of  Ilev.  Samuel  P. 
of  Andover,  died  May  20,   1817,  aged  77.     He 
was  the  son  of  Deacon  William  P.,  a  merchant  of 
Boston,  a  patriot  of  the  Ilevolution,  and  a  bene- 
factor of  Andover  academy  by  the   bequest  of 
5000  dollars,  who  died  Jan.   15,  1804,  aged  81 ; 
his  mother  W'as  Abigail,  the  daughter  of  Edward 
Bromiield.     He  was  born  Aj)ril   10,  1750,  being 
an  only  son.     His   feeble  health   ])reventcd  his 
receiving   a   jniblic   education.     lie   engaged  in 
mercanlile   ])ursuits  with   his   father,  on   whoso 
death  a  large  fortune  came  into  his  hands.    In 
1772  he  made  a  profession  of  religion  ;  in  1794 
he  was  chosen  a  deacon  of  the  old  south  church, 
and  he   ofliciatcd   until  his  death.     For  several 
years,  while  Strong  and  Brooks  were  governors, 
he   was   the   lieutenant-governor   of   tho   Stale. 
Hi!)  wife,   Miriam,  the    daughter    of   Jonathan 


660 


PHILLIPS. 


PHIPPS. 


Mason,  died  May  7,  1823,  npred  G9.  He  had 
seven  children ;  Jonnthau  of  Uoston  inherited 
about  half  a  million  of  dollars.  Abigail  Lrora- 
field  innrried  ]{ov.  I'",.  IJurfjess  of  J)odiiam.  His 
dau;<ht('r,  Miriam,  the  wife  of  Samuel  H.  Walley, 
died  March  20,  1827;  liis  son,  ])ea.  Edward  P., 
died  Is'ov.  3,  182C.  Deacon  Phillijjs  was  an  ac- 
tive member  of  many  cliaritablo  societies.  Dur- 
ing the  last  three  weeks  of  his  life  he  contributed 
6,000  dollars  to  various  olyects.  For  a  series  of 
years  his  charities  had  been  from  8  to  11,000 
dollars  annually.  Many  widows  and  fatherless 
children  were  by  him  rescued  from  want.  lie 
bequeathed  to  Phillips  academy  15,000  dollars  j 
to  the  theological  institution  at  Andovcr,  10,000 
dollars;  to  the  society  for  proj)agating  the  gospel 
among  the  Indians,  the  ^lassacl'.usctts  liibie  so- 
ciety, the  foreign  mission  board,  the  Cont;rcga- 
tional  society,  the  education  society,  and  the 
Massachusetts  general  hos])ital,  each  5,000  dol- 
lars ;  to  the  medical  dispensary,  3,000  dulhirs  ; 
to  the  female  asylum,  and  the  asylum  for  boys, 
each  2,000  dollars;  in  all,  C2,000" dollars. 

PHILLIPS,  John,  the  first  mayor  of  Boston, 
died  May  29,  1823,  aged  52.  Ho  was  the  son 
of  William  P.,  a  inerchant  of  Boston,  who  died 
in  1772,  and  grandson  of  Col.  John  P.,  also  a 
merchant  in  Boston,  and  brother  of  Ilev.  Samuel 
P.  of  Andover;  and  was  born  Nov.  26,  1770.  His 
mother,  Margaret,  a  daughter  of  Col.  Jacob  AVen- 
dell,  took  the  charge  of  his  early  education. 
After  graduating  at  Harvard  college  in  1788,  he 
studied  law  and  settled  in  Boston.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  senate  nineteen  years,  during  the 
last  ten  of  which  he  was  the  president.  Li  1809 
he  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  common  pleas. 
When  the  city  government  was  established  in 
1822,  he  was  elected  the  first  mayor,  in  which 
office  his  course  was  conciliatory  and  judicious. 
For  nine  years  he  was  one  of  the  corporation  of 
the  college.  He  died  suddenly  of  an  affection  of 
the  heart.  He  had  presided  in  the  senate  the 
preceding  day.  His  wife  was  Sally,  the  daughter 
of  Thomas  Walley.  Five  sons  and  three  daugh- 
ters survived  him.  He  was  a  man  of  sound 
judgment,  of  simple  manners,  of  pure  character, 
and  of  religion. 

PHHiLIl'S,  Alonzo,  died  at  Newburyport  in 
April;  1838,  aged  50.  A  graduate  of  Middlebury 
in  1815,  he  was  sixteen  years  from  1820  the  min- 
ister of  Princeton,  Mass. ;  faitliful  and  successfiil. 
An  extract  from  Dimmick's  funeral  sermon  is  in 
Boston  llecorder.  May  1 1. 

PIULLIPS,  TiMOTUY,  captain,  a  soldier  of 
the  Ilevolution,  died  at  Bradford,  Mass.,  in  1840, 
aged  82. 

PHILLIPS,  James,  died  in  Chenango  county, 
New  York,  in  1841,  aged  90.  At  the  ago  of  88 
he  made  a  profession  of  religion  at  Greenville. 

PHINNEY,  Elus,  died  at  Lexington  iu  July, 


1849,  aged  09,  clerk  of  court  and  an  excellent 
farmer.  He  ke])t  the  stock  of  the  agricultural 
society,  and  was  enthusiastic  in  his  devotion  o 
agriculture.  A  multitude  of  friends  experienced 
his  hospitahty.     He  published  an  address,  1830. 

PHLWEY,  Stuucih,  M.  I).,  died  in  1841. 
He  removed  from  New  Bedford  to  New  York  in 
1825. 

PIIIPS,  William,  first  minister  of  Douglass, 
Mass.,  ,died  in  Oxford  in  1798,  aged  about  72, 
Born  in  Sherborn ;  he  graduated  at  Har\-ard  in 
174G;  was  settled  at  I),  the  next  year;  and  re- 
signed in  1705.  He  was  succeeded  by  I.  Stone. 
He  jjublished  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  J.  Camp- 
bell, 1701. 

PHIPPS,  James,  came  from  Bristol,  England, 
and  settled  near  Pemiujuid,  Bristol,  Me.,  before 
1G49.  He  had  reason  to  be  satisfied  with  the 
number  of  his  ctildrcn,  as  he  had  twenty-six  by 
the  same  wife,  twenty-one  of  them  sons. — 
Farmer. 

PHIPPS,  Sir  William,  governor  of  Massa- 
chusetts, died  in  1C95,  aged  44.  He  was  born 
at  Pemaquid,  now  Bristol,  Maine,  Feb.  2,  1051. 
His  father,  James  P.,  was  a  gunsmith  in  humble 
circumstances,  and  his  mother  had  twenty-six 
children,  of  whom  twenty-one  were  sons.  After 
living  in  the  wilderness  till  he  was  eighteen 
years  of  age,  he  bound  himself  as  an  apprentice 
to  a  ship-carpenter  for  four  years,  at  the  expira- 
tien  of  which  time  lie  went  to  Boston,  where  he 
learned  to  read  and  write.  Determining  to  seek 
his  fortune  ujjon  the  sea,  after  a  variety  of  ad- 
ventures he  discovered  a  Spanish  wreck  on  the 
coast  of  Hispaniola,  and  fished  up  plate,  and 
j)earls,  and  jewels,  Ajpounting  in  value  to  300,- 
000  pounds  sterling,  with  which  he  sailed  to 
England  in  1687.  Such  was  his  honesty,  and 
so  liberal  was  he  to  his  seamen,  that  his  own 
share  amounted  only  to  16,000  j)ounds.  lie 
was  at  tills  time  made  a  knight  by  King  James. 
Keturning  to  Boston,  he  was  in  1690  ad- 
mitted a  member  of  the  north  church,  being 
baptized  and  professing  repentance  of  his  sins. 
In  the  same  year  b.e  commanded  an  expedi- 
tion against  Port  Itoyal,  which  place  he  cap- 
tured. When  the  new  charter  of  JIassaclmsetts 
was  obtained,  he  was  nominated  by  Dr.  Matlicr 
as  the  governor.  In  this  capacity  he  arrived  at 
Boston  May  14,  1692.  He  soon  jnit  a  stop  to 
prosecutions  for  witchcraft.  In  August  he  sailed 
with  about  four  hundred  and  fifty  men  to  Pema- 
quid, where  he  built  a  fort.  In  1694,  in  a  disjjute 
with  the  collector  of  the  port.  Sir  AVillliim  was 
so  far  carried  away  by  the  passion  of  the  moment 
as  to  have  recourse  to  blows  to  settle  the  con- 
troversy. He  was  soon  afterwards  removed,  and 
he  sailed  in  November  for  Engl.md,  where  he 
received  assurances  of  being  restored ;  but,  being 
seized  by  a  malignant  fever,  he  died  of  it.    He 


PIIIPPS. 


nCKERINO. 


eei 


wns  succcpclcd  by  tho  Karl  nf  nrllamont.  Sir  '  (IMntcvostrd  imtriot,  nnd  i\  skilful  nnd  bravo  sol- 
Williatn,  thouf,'h  his  ori;;in  was  very  hi'.mblc,  was  dicr.  He  was  al^o  f;cr,tli\  iRiulici'iit,  ar.d  lios- 
iiot  flatcd  by  tlie  great  cb.aiigc  in  liis  circum-  jiitablf.  From  early  life  he  was  n  professor  of 
stances.  He  was  a  n.an  of  ancomninn  enter- 
iirisc  and  ii.dustry,  of  an  excellent  disjiosition, 
tlioiii;''  be  did  not  always  retain  the  ronimand  of 
himself,  and  of  ])erl'ect  liouesty  and  integrity, 
lie  exerted  liimstlf  to  promote  the  interests  of 
Xew  Kti^'land.  —  Ma<jn<ilin,  li.  ;37-70. 

rilll'l'S,  D.vvin,  died  at  New  Haven  in  182j, 


reIif;ion  and  ar.  influential  member  of  the  rluirch. 

riCKKlJ,  Natiiami:i„  minisUr  of  Seituatc, 
Mass.,  died  in  ITLl.'i,  ajjed  '.i~.  Ifoni  in  Jjorches- 
ter,  he  ^'ladualed  at  Harvard  in  17(>li;  was  set- 
tled in  170";  and   was  succeeded   liy  S.  I'ourne. 

riCKKKIXG,  Timothy,  secretary  of  State  of 
the  United  Stales,  died  at  Salem,  Mass.,  Jan.  29, 


n^ed  8(i.     He  was  a  patriot  of  the  Uevolution    181!',),  a^ed  S2.     He  was  a  descer.dant  of  Joim 


and  an  officer  of  the  navy, 

rHCEIJL'S,  WiLLUM,  n  Methodist  minister, 
died  at  New  York  in   1832,  aged  77. 

rHYL,  Mr.,  a  native  of  Switzerland,  died  in 
New  Jersey  in  1810,  or  Jan.,  1811.  He  died  in 
a  cave  in  which  he  had  lived  twenty-six  years. 

rHYSICK,  I'liiLir  Sing,  M.  D.,  died  at 
rhiladelphia  Dec.  lo,  1837,  aged  09.  He  was  a 
very  eminent  physician  and  surgeon,  and  profes- 
sor of  anatomy  and  surgery  in  the  university  of 
I'ennsvlvania.     His  father,  an  Englisl^lfcn,  had 


r.,  a  carj)enter,  who  came  to  New  I'.ngland  in 
KioO,  and  died  at  Salem  in  10<j7;  was  ijorn  at  Sa- 
lem, Mass.,  July  17, 17  10,  and  graduated  in  1703. 
As  soon  as  he  lieard  of  the  affair  at  Lexington, 
on  tlic  morning  of  April  19,  177,5,  being  colonel 
of  a  regiment,  he  marched  the  same  day  with  the 
Salem  mililia  to  Medlord,  in  order  to  intercept 
the  enemy ;  but  was  not  in  season  to  participate 
in  the  fight.  In  1775  he  was  appointed  judge 
of  the  court  of  common  pleas  for  Kssox,  and  of 
the  maritime  court  for  the  district  including  Bos- 


the  charge  of  the   estates  of  the    I'enn  family,    ton  and  Salem.     In  the  fall  of  1770  he  took  the 


He  graduated  at  the  university  of  reimsylvania 
in  1785.  In  1789  he  studied  with  John  Hunt  in 
London,  and  in  1790  was  appointed  for  one  year 
surgeon  to  St.  George's  hospital.  In  1792  he 
took  his  medical  degree  at  Edinburgh.  He  soon 
rose  to  distinction  in  his  profession.  He  has 
been  called  the  father  of  American  surgery.  He 
introduced  the  use  of  blisters  to  cure  gangrene. 
He  performed  the  operation  of  lithotomy  on 
Judge  Marshall.  His  own  disease  was  hydro- 
thorax,  which  was  attended  with  great  agony. 
For  years  he  had  studied,  religion,  and  every 
morning  read  a  portion  of  Scripture.  Dr.  De- 
lancy  was  his  friend  and  jjastor.  His  beloved 
wife  was  Elizabeth  Emlen,  tlie  gifted,  talented 
daughter  of  one  of  the  most  distinguished  Qua- 
ker preachers.  His  countenance,  as  exhibited  by 
a  lithograph  in  Williams'  book,  is  one  of  great 
dignity  and  beauty.  —  Dr.  RandolplCs  Memoir; 
Williams'  Med.  Biog. 

PICKENS,  Andrew,  governor  of  South  Car- 
olina in  1810,  died  at  Pontotoc,  Miss.,  in  1838. 

PICKENS,  Anluew,  major-general,  a  soldier 
of  the  Uevolution,  died  Aug.  11, 1817,  aged  nearly 
80.  He  commenced  his  military  career  in  the 
Indian  war  with  the  Cherokees  in  1700.  In  1779 
at  the  head  of  three  hundred  men  he  defeated  a 
party  of  lloyalists  on  the  western  frontier  of 
South  Carolina.  For  his  bravery  in  the  battle 
of  Cowpens,  when  he  commanded  the  Southern 
militia,  he  received  a  sword  from  congress.  At 
the  battle  of  Eutaw  Springs  he  was  severely 
wounded.  In  1782  he  compelled  the  Cherokees 
to  sue  for  peace.  After  the  war  he  was  a  member 
of  congress.  In  1802  he  was  a  commissioner  to 
treat  with  the  Choctaws.  He  died  at  Tumassee, 
Pendleton  district,  South  Carolina.     He  was  a 


command  of  the  Essex  regiment  of  seven  hun- 
dred men,  and  iierfcumed  duty  under  AVashing- 
ton  in  New  Jersey.     In  1777  he  accepted  the  ap- 
pointment of  adjutant-general  and  marched  with 
the  army  to  Pennsylvania.     He  was  by  the  side 
of  Washington  in  the  battle  of  Brandywine,  Sept. 
14  ;  and  he  was  present  also  in  that  of  German- 
town,   Oct.  4th.     Congress  soon  elected  him  a 
meml)er  of  the   board  of  war,  with  Gates   and 
MifHin.     The  arrangement  of  the  staff  depart- 
ment was  also  intrusted  to  him  and  Mifflin.     In 
August,  1780,  he  succeeded  Greene  as  quarter- 
master-general, and  discharged  must  faitlihilly  its 
arduous  and  compliLated  duties.     From  17.90  to 
1794  he  was   employed  in  various  negotiations 
with  the   Indian   tribes,  being  also  postmaster- 
general  from   1791    to  1794,  when   he  was  ap- 
pointed secretary  of  war  as  the  successor  of  Knox. 
In  August,  1795,  ho  had  the  tem))orary  charge  of 
the  dejjartment  of  State  on  the  resignation  of 
Ilandolph,   and  in   Deceml)er   received  tho  ap- 
pointment of  secretary  of  State,  which  he  held 
till  May,  1800,  when  he  was  removed  by  Presi- 
dent Adams,  as  he  wa.s  an  adherent  of  Hamilton 
in  his  opposition  to  the  policy  of  the  president. 
Being  in  debt  for  new  lands,  he  jjlungcd  into  the 
back  woods  of  Pennsylvania,  with  his  son  and  a 
few  laborers,  and  cleared  several  acres  and  built 
a  log  hut  for  his  family.     The  liberality  of  some 
friends  in  Massacliusetts,  in  purchasing  his  lands, 
enabled  him  to  return  to  his  native  Slate,  and  to 
become    the  owner  of  a  small  farm  in   Essex, 
which  he  cultivated  with  his  own  hands.    From 
1803   to  1811   he  was  a  senator  of  the  United 
States;  from  1814  to  1817  he  was  also  a  repre- 
sentative  in   congress.     In    consequence  of  the 
activity  of  liis  life,  ho  had  little  leisure  for  literary 


662 


nCXERIXG. 


riERCE. 


pursuits  J  ypt  the  productiojis  of  lu's  pen  do  Iiim 
great  credit  as  a  writer  of  elefjnnce  and  vl:,'()r. 
In  puMie  life  lie  was  disinterested,  faitlit'nl,  and 
energetic.  Ilis  morals  were  ])nre,  and  from  early 
life  lie  was  a  jjrnfessor  of  religion,  llis  feelin};s 
were  strong,  and  sonic  of  his  ]iolitical  controver- 
sies-were vehement.  He  jjuhlislied- a  letter  to 
Gov.  Sullivan  on  the  embargo,  and  addresses  to 
the  peojile,  1H08;  review  of  the  corresj)ondence 
between  J.  Adams  and  W.  Cunningham,  1S21. 

riCKKRIXCi,  IlMXiiY,  son  of  Col.  Timotliy 
P.,  died  in  New  York  in  183S,  aged  .07.  He  was 
a  merchant  in  Salem,  and  acquired  a  moderate 
fortune,  of  which  ho  made  a  liberal  and  benevo- 
lent use.  But  his  losses  of  property  induced  him 
to  remove  to  Xcw  York.  lie  wrote  poetry,  — 
Cycl.  of  Anicr.  Lit. 

riCki:iUXG,  Jonx,  LL.  D.,  died  in  Boston 
May  5,  IHIG,  aged  G!).  lie  was  a  son  of  Timothy 
P.,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  in  17!)(5.  He  be- 
gan the  study  of  law  in  I'hiladelphia,  where  lii.s 
father  lived  as  secretary  of  State ;  but  soon  ac- 
companied AV.  Smith,  minister  to  Lisbon,  as  his 
secretary.  There  lie  prosecuted  his  studies,  es- 
pecially in  various  languages,  as  he  did  also  in 
London,  when  secretary  to  Kufus  King.  He  re- 
turned in  1801,  and  lived  at  Salem.  In  1829  ho 
■was  appointed  city  solicitor  in  Boston,  where  he 
then  lived.  He  was  several  years  a  State  sen- 
ator. There  were  few  so  eminent  in  scholarshij) 
as  he ;  none  so  skilled  in  the  modern  aiul  Indian 
languages.  He  was  familiar  with  seven  languages 
besides  Greek  and  liatin,  and  well  acquainted 
with  four  others,  and  explored  with  some  care 
ten  or  iifteen  others.  His  memoir  is  in  historical 
collections,  third  series,  vol.  X.,  witli  a  history 
of  his  writings,  the  princijjal  of  which  are  vocabu- 
lary of  words  peculiar  to  America,  181d;  essay 
on  the  orthography  of  the  Indian  languages,  in 
memoirs  of  American  academy,  1820  ;  Greek  and 
English  lexicon,  1826;  Indian  languages,  in  cyclo- 
pedia Amer. ;  revised  statutes  of  ^Massachusetts, 
1813;  eulogy  on  Dr.  Bowditch ;  lecture  on  the 
uncertainty  of  the  law ;  on  the  jironunciation  of 
the  Greek,  in  memoirs  of  American  academy : 
also  articles  in  various  reviews  and  magazines. 
lie  was  tall,  of  commanding  presence,  yet  be- 
nignant and  courteous.  With  a  small,  well- 
formed  mouth,  he  had  a  Roman  nose,  and  a 
serene  and  am])le  forehead. 

PICKERING,  Gkorge,  died  in  Waltham  Dee. 
8,  181(5,  aged  77,  for  fifty-seven  years  an  itinerant 
Jlethodist  minister. 

PICKF.RING,  TiiKOPini.us,  minister  of  Ips- 
wich, Mass.,  C'hebacco  parish,  died  in  1747,  aged 
47.  The  sou  of  John  P.  of  Salem,  he  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1719.  In  1725  he  was  invited  to 
assist  Mr.  Wise;  in  1727  he  was  ordained.  In 
1747  J.  Cleaveland  was  settled  over  a  new  church, 
the  supporters  of  which  were  attached  to  Mr. 


Whitoficld.  Some  pani])hl('fs  were  i.uMished  in 
roii'.e(|iicnce  of  this  .seltlcment.  Mr.  1'.  wrote 
also  letters  to  N.  and  1).  Rogers,  1742;  a  letter 
to  Mr.  Whitedeld,  1713;  bad  omen  to  the 
churches,  1717.  —  Sj)rof/ur's  Annuls. 

riCKMAN,  Thomas,  Dr.,  died  at  Salem  in 
1817,  aged  4,'}.  The  son  of  I'eiijiiiniii,  ho  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  in  1791,  and  studied  ]  liysic 
with  Dr.  Holyoke.  He  had  judgment,  deeiNion, 
and  skill ;  was  social,  and  endowed  with  a  lilerarv 
taste. —  T/iac/iei's  Mnh  llioi/. 

riCKMAN,  Bi:n.i.\jii.v,  died  at  Salem  in  Aug., 
18j;j,  aged  SO.  A  graduate  of  1784,  he  was  a 
merchant,  and  sustained  various  public  offices; 
was  a  member  of  the  senate  and  council ;  of  con- 
gress in  1809;  of  the  convention  of  lt20.  Ho 
published  an  oration  on  the  birthday  of  Wash- 
ington. 

PICKMAN,  Dudley  L.,  died  at  Salem,  Mass., 
in  1840,  aged  C7.  He  was  a  man  of  intelligence, 
highly  respected. 

Pli)GIN,  William,  minister  of  Minot,  Me., 
died  at  Portland  in  1848,  aged  nearly  77.  Born 
in  Newbury,  he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1704  ; 
settled  at  IIami)ton,  N.  IL,  in  1796,  and  at  ^liuot, 
:SIe.,  from  1811  to  1819. 

I'lERCE,  Robert,  an  early  settler  of  Dorches- 
ter in  1640.  Ilis  widow,  Ann,  died  1695,  aged 
about  104  years. 

PIERCE,  ^IiciiAEL,  captain,  of  Scituate  in 
1647,  was  slain  in  Philip's  war,  March,  1676,  with 
iilty  English  and  twenty  Cape  Cod  Indians,  near 
Providence. 

PIERCE,  TnoMAS,  minister  of  Scarborough, 
5Ie.,  died  tn  1116,  aged  37.  Born  in  Newburv, 
he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1709,  and  was  or- 
dained in  1762. 

PIERCE,  Benmamix,  governor  of  New  Ilani])- 
shire,  died  at  Hillsborough,  N.  II.,  Ajn-il  1,  l«;j<), 
aged  81.  He  was  a  descendant  of  Nathaniel 
Pierce  of  AVoburn,  and  son  of  Benjamin  of 
Chelmsford,  and  was  born  Dec.  25,  1757.  He 
risked  his  life  in  the  cause  of  human  freedom. 
He  fought  in  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  and  con- 
tinued in  the  army  during  the  war,  rising  liom 
the  rank  of  a  common  soldier  to  be  major  by 
brevet.  For  many  years  from  1789  he  was  the 
representative  of  Hillsborough,  to  which  town  lie 
went  in  jioverty  and  built  a  log  house.  In  ISOj 
he  was  brigadier-general;  in  1809  sheriff,  in  which 
office  he  liberat(.'d  the  prisoners  by  paying  fur 
them  300  or  400  dollars.  Among  them  was  an 
old  conijianion  in  arms,  Cajjt.  iMoses  Brewer,  «lio 
had  been  shut  up  four  years  for  debt.  In  hSliT 
and  1829  he  was  governor.  He  died  in  conse- 
quence of  a  paralytic  all'ection.  Ilis  daugiitcr, 
by  his  first  wife,  born  in  1788,  married  Gen.  John 
McNeil.  His  second  wife  was  Anna Keiuhick  of 
Amherst,  by  whom  he  had  eight  children,  one  of 
whom  was  the  president  of  the  United  States, 


PIERCE. 


riERPONT. 


663 


who  wns  bom  Nov.  23,  1801;  nil  the  others  nrc  [  ordinntitin  of  S.  Clnrk,  1^17 ;  lliullcian  Ircturc, 
(Icceasod  cxcc|)t  Henry  1).  I'icrce,  si  drover  and  '  ISl'l  ;  ii  skotdi  (if  lirookliiie  in  liistoriciil  lollec- 
larnier   in    IIillsl)or()U},'h.     Nancy  niarri(>d   (Jen.  I  tions,  2d  series  vol.  ii. 

Solomon  McXell  of  llillsborou;,'!! ;  and  Harriet!  rU'IK'!"-,  Ukiiaiid,  second  minister  of  New 
married  nnj,'h  Jameson  of  lJoston,l)(illi  of  whom    Bedlbrd,  Mass.,  died  in  171!',  .ijjed  1!).     He  crnd- 


died  ill  18;{7. 
lUEIlCE,  Mauy  E.  >Iiss,  missionary  to  Siam, 


iinted   at    Harvard   in    i7l'I,  :ind  was   ^et!led  in 
173.!).     His  jiredeeessor  was  Samuel   Hunt;  liis 


died  Sept.  22,  1811,  a;,'ed  2S.  Horn  at  IJutter-  two  ne.\t  sueeessors,  Mr.  Cheever  and  Samuel 
mils,  N.  Y.,  .she  embarked    at   lioston  in  July,    West. 

1S.J9,  and  occui)ie<l  her  field  of  labor  at  liangkok  I'll'.UCE,  Saii.MT,  Miss,  died  at  Litelifield  Jan. 
till  her  death.  Mr.  Johnson  sjioke  of  her  as  19,  l.S,j2,  a^jed  HI.  She  wus  a  eelelirated  teacher, 
having;  a  frame  of  mind  calm  and  heavenly  in  the  |  loii<;  at  the  head  of  a  well-known  female  school 
view  of  her  dejiarturc,  and  as  an  ornament  to  re- 


li^'ion. 

I'lERCE,  Joiix,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Ilrookline, 
died  Aug.  24,  IS  19,  aged  70.     He  was  horn  in 
Dorchester  July  14,  1773,  the  son  of  a  farmer, 
and  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1793.     Ik- 
was  tiien  i)rcce])tor  two  years  in  the  I'.nglish  de- 
iiartinent  at  Leicester  academy,  from  whose  select 
ll'.irarv  of  moral  and  religious  hooks,  jiresented 
by  Gov.  Gill,  he  derived  great  advantage  in  in-osc- 
ciiting  his  purpose  to  become  a  minister.    His 
salary  was  200  dollars  the  first  year,  and  2uO  the 
next ;  but  then  the  cost  of  board  was  less  than  a 
dollar  a  week.     He  wore  a  cocked  or  three-cor- 
nered hat ;  his  hair  queued  with  a  black  ribbon 
half-way  down  his  back ;  he  also  had  silver  knee- 
buckles,  and  large  plated  shoe-buckles  covering 
half  his  instep.     He  and  the  principal  occupied 
the  same  bed,  with  the  addition  sometimes  of  a 
college  friend.     Afterwards  he  was  a  tutor  in 
Harvard  college.     March   \o,  1797,  he  was  or- 
dained at  llrookline,  and  remained  the  pastor  for 
the  remainder  of  his  life,  having  a  colleague  for 
a  few  of  his  last  years.     He  resigned  in  July  the 
ollice  of  secretary  of  the  overseers  of  Harvard 
college,  held  for  tliirly  years.     He  had  preached 
the  Thursday   lecture   in   lioston   one  hundred 
times,  and  attended  the  ledum  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  seventy-four  times.     The  large  and 
beautiful  organ  in  his  ehureli  was  exhil;ited  on 
Salurday  before  his  death,  when  the  sick  pastor 
was  carried  hito  the  ehureh,  where  he  indulged 
his  great  love  of  sacred  music  by  listening  to  the 
notes  which  were  awakened;  he  then  read  the 
doxology,  which  was  sung  in  chorus  by  the  entire 
audience.     At  his  funeral,  the  arrangements  for 
which  had  been  made   by  Dr.  1'.  himself,  the 
nieetiug-house   was  not   dressed    in    mourning. 
The  preacher  said,  that  his  last  words  to  one 
about  to  make  a   prayer  with  the   dying  man, 
were:  "Ask  that  I  receive  with  submission  the 
will  of  my  Father."     Ho  had  also  said,  "  Repeat 
to  my  friends  around  wy  remains  the  words  of 
Christ,  '  I  ani  the  resurrection  and  the  life ,'  and 
say,  that  my  failli  and  hope  are  these,  —  that  I  do 
not  feel  that  1  shall  ever  die,  but  only  press  on 


in  I.ileblield. 

rH'.UCI",,  Sf.sAN,  wife  of  Eiiaminoiulas  J. 
I'ierce,  missionary  to  Gaboon  in  Africa,  died  sud- 
denly I'eb.  24,  18jj,  expressing  her  confidence 
in  the  Saviour. 

riKUrONT,  15i;n,)AMI\,  minister  in  South 
Carolina,  died  near  Charlesion  in  KiOS,  aged 
about  30.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
1(!89,  and  emigrated  from  near  lioston  with  a 
select  comiKiny  hi  1091,  to  found  an  indejiendent 
ehureh  in  South  Carolina.  !Mr.  Adams  succeeded 
him. 

rii:RrOXT,  Jonathan,  minister  of  Reading, 
Mass.,  died  in  1709,  aged  about  44.  Horn  in 
Roxbury.  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  ICSiJ,  and 
war;  settled  in  10S9.  His  predecessor  was  John 
lirock. 

rn:RrONT,  Jami-.s,  fourth  minister  of  New 
Haven,  Conn.,  died  in  Nov.,  1714,  aged  .J3.     He 
was  the  son  of  John  P.,  of  Roxiniry,  }ilass.,  who 
died  hi   1090,  and  grandson  of  James  P.,  who 
came  from  England  and  died  at  I])swich.     He 
\»as  born  in  1001 ;  graduated  at  Harvard  college 
in    1081  ;  and  was  ordained  July  2,   lOSj.     His 
l)redecesscrs  were  Davenjiort,  Hook,  and  Street. 
One  of   the  iirst   (jersons  ho  received  into  his 
church  was  an  old  man  called  James  Daniels,  but 
who  was  John  Dixwell,  one  of  King  Charles' 
judges.     He  was  succeeded  by  J.  Noyeti.     Ho 
married  Abigail  Davenjjort,  a  grand-daughter  of 
his  prcdecessiu',  Oct.  27,   1091.     lint   she  died 
Feb.  3,  of  consumplioii,  occasioned  by  ex])osnrc 
to  cold  on  the  Sal)bath  after  her  wedding,  going 
to   meeting  in  her   bridal  dress.     He   married 
Sarah  Haynes,  May  .'JO,  1091,  a  gnuul-dauglitiir 
of  Gov.  H.     ShediedOct.  7,  109().     lie  married 
Mary  Hooker,  July  20,  1098,  a  grand-daughter 
of   the  Iirst   [jastor  of   Hartford.     She  was  the 
mother  of  Sarah,  the  wife  of  Pres.  Edwards,  and 
lived  till  Nov.,  1710.     He  was  a  man  of  uncom- 
mon prudence,  amiable  manners,  and  exenijilary 
piety.     The  articles  of  diseiiiliue,  adojited  with 
the  Saybrook  ])latibrin  in  1708,  were  drawn  up 
by  him.     He  published  false  hopes  of  heaven, 
a  sermon,  1712. —  Siirtiijiu's  AiukiIk. 
PIERPONT,  Sami:i;i„  the  minister  of  Lyme, 


to  a  higher  life."     He  lell  many  volunius  of  his    Conn.,  died  March  1,0,  1723,  aged  only  22.     The 
private  jouruul.    He  published  a  senuoa  ut  the  |  jjou  of  Rev.  James  1'.  of  New  ilavun,  and  Mary 


QU 


niCllPONT. 


riKE. 


Hooker,  ho  f^riuliiixtt'd  in  171S,  and  was  ordained 
Dec.  12,  \''2'2.  Ill  C'rossin-;  the  river  from  Sny- 
brook  with  an  Iiulimi  wntcrinaii,  the  canoe  ujiset 
and  he  was  drowned.  His  hody  was  found  Ajiril 
28th,  at  I'isher'H  Ishmd,  and  liuried  there.  He 
had  an  extraordinary  >,'irt,  and  wnn  a  UoHiicrges 
in  his  jirenchinjr.     Great  liopes  rested  on  liiin. 

PIEllPOXT,  Jamks,  died  at  South  Farms,  in 
Litchfield,  in  1840,  aged  I'J;  a,  most  worthy  and 
esteemed  citizen. 

riKI{llEPOXT,JAMK.s  IlENUY,M.  D.,  died  at 
Portsmoutli  in  Jan.,  1839,  aged  70.  The  son  of 
William  P.,  of  Springfield,  he  was  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1780,  and  studied  medicine  with  Dr. 
Spring.  He  had  lived  since  1801  in  P.,  and  was 
a  physician  of  character  and  eminence.  —  liiir- 
rough's  Disc,  on  hin  Death  ;  Williams'  Med,  Jlitir/. 

PIEKSON,  AniuHAM,  first  minister  of  Soutii- 
ompton  on  Long  Island,  died  Aug.  9,  1078,  aged 
70.  Born  in  Yorkshire,  E.,  he  groduated  at  the 
university  of  Caniliridge  in  1032  j  and  ho  ])reached 
some  time  in  or  near  Newark,  before  he  came  to 
Boston,  in  1039.  In  1010  a  number  of  the 
inhabitants  of  Lynn  formed  the  resolution  to  re- 
move to  Long  Island,  and  invited  him  to  accom- 
pany them.  Having  first  formed  a  church,  they 
went  and  settled  Southampton.  These  planters 
constituted  a  government  by  themselves.  When 
it  was  found  necessary  to  divide  the  church,  Mr. 
Pierson  passed  over  to  the  main  land,  and  became 
the  first  minister  of  Branford,  Conn.,  in  1044. 
He  continued  here  till  1005,  when  he  removed  to 
New  Jersey.  He  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of 
Newark  in  1007,  and  was  the  first  minister  of 
that  town.  His  son,  Abraham,  was  his  colleague. 
His  wife  was  a  daughter  of  llev.  J.  Wheel- 
wright ;  he  had  eight  children.  His  son  sur- 
vived him ;  and  his  successors  were  Prudden, 
Wakerman,  Bowers,  Webb,  aTid  Burr.  He  was 
a  man  of  piety  and  learning.  Having  studied  the 
Indian  language,  he  preached  to  the  natives  of 
Long  Island  and  in  the  several  plantations  of 
New  Haven  colony.  — Magiittlia,  iii,  90  ;  Trum- 
bull's Conn.  I.  289,  521 ;  Spraque's  Annals. 

PIEUSON,  AmuiiAM,  first  jircsidont  of  Yale 
college,  the  son  of  the  preceding,  died  May  5, 
1707,  aged  about  00.  He  was  graduated  at  Har- 
vard college  in  1008 ;  ordained  as  colleague  with 
his  father  at  Newark  March  4,  1072  ;  removed  to 
Connecticut  in  1092,  and  was  installed  the  min- 
ister of  Killingworth  in  1094.  On  the  establish- 
ment of  the  college  at  Say  brook  in  1701,  he  was 
chosen  rector,  and  the  students  attended  upon 
his  instructions  at  Killingworth,  although  the 
commencements  were  iield  at  Saybrook.  His 
son,  John,  a  graduate  at  Yale  college  of  1711, 
■was  the  minister  of  Woodbridge,  N.  J.  He  was 
an  excellent  scholar,  a  great  divine,  a  faithful 
preacher,  and  wise  and  judicious  in  all  his  con- 
duct.   Mr.  Andrew  of  Milford  was  chosen  rector 


!  pro  tempore  aflcr  his  denih,  bul  a  new  iroslilcnt 

j  was  not    appointed   till    17 19,  when    Mr.   ("uilcr 

j  was  jilaci'd  at  the  head  of  the  college,     llcwniic 

a  system  of  natural  pliiiosoj.liy,  which  was  stiulicd 

in  the   college  for  many  years.      He   i;iilili>lu(l 

election  sermon,  1700.  —  Spnii/iie's  Ainialn. 

PIEUSOX,  JosiAll,  died  at  Bergen,  X.  Y., 
March  7,  1840,  a^cd  04.  He  was  a  niinisU'r  vLo 
did  much  in  the  estal)lishnieiit  of  chnrciu's  in 
Western  New  York.  He  was  born  in  Killing- 
worth,  Conn.,  a  descendant  of  A.  Pierson.  AVlim 
not  a  preacher  he  was  a  member  of  the  clmrcli 
in  Bergen  in  1808,  the  first  church  west  of  the 
Genesee,  exeejit  the  Scotch  church  at  Caledonia. 
In  1817  he  began  to  preach. 

PEIBSON,  AiJKL  L.,  M. D.,  a  very  distingui';!ud 
surgeon  and  physician  of  Salem,  ilass.;  was  killed 
on  the  railroad  at  Xorwalk,  Conn.,  May  5,  XK'i'.i, 
aged  59.  He  was  born  in  Saco,  Me.,  Jnlv  1, 
1793,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1812. 

PIEUSOX,  SisAN,  died  at  Biidgeham].tnn, 
L.  I.,  Feb.  24,  1854,  aged  71.  For  more  thun 
fifty  years  she  kept  her  bed.  Her  bible  was 
always  in  her  hands.  She  was  an  eminent  Cluis- 
tian. —  N.  Y.  Observer,  May  18. 

PIKE,  Joiix,  a  settler  of  X\'wbury  in  1035, 
died  at  Salisbury,  Mass.,  in  1054.  His  son  John 
was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Woodbridgi^ ,  X.  J., 
in  1009.  Gen.  Z.  M.  Pike  was  a  descendiinf. 
His  son  Joseph  was  killed  by  the  Indians  in  lO!).}. 

PIKE,  RonEKT,  major,  son  of  John  P.,  died  in 
Newbury  Dec.  12,  1700,  aged  90.  He  was  born 
in  England  in  1010.  He  was  assistant  and  coun- 
cillor, a  man  highly  useful  and  respected. 

PIKE,  John,  minister  of  Dover,  N.  II.,  died 
March  10, 1710,  aged  50.  The  son  of  Major  Bob- 
ert,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1075,  and  was 
ordained  the  successor  of  John  Rayner  in  Ki.Sl. 
■  PUCE,  James,  first  minister  of  Sonicrsworth, 
N.  II.,  died  March  19, 1792,  aged  89,  In  the  sixty- 
second  year  of  his  ministry.  The  son  of  Joscpli, 
of  Newbury,  who  was  killed  by  the  Indians,  he 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1725,  and  was  ordained 
in  1730.  lie  published  a  sermon  on  the  duty  of 
gos])cl  ministers,  1751. 

PIKE,  Nicholas,  the  son  of  Rev.  Janus  P., 
was  a  descendant  of  John  P.,  who  lived  in  New- 
bury in  1035.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard 
college  in  1700,  and  died  at  Newbury])ort  Dec. 
9,  1819,  aged  70.  He  published  a  system  of 
arithmetic,  8vo.,  1788,  wliich  was  long  in  general 
use  in  New  England. 

PIKE,  Zebulon  Montgomeuy,  brigadier-gen- 
eral, died  Apil!  27,  1813,  aged  34.  He  was  a 
descendant  of  J(  ihn  P.,  who  lived  in  Newliay, 
Mass.,  in  1035,  i.nd  whose  son,  John,  removed  lo 
Woodbridge,  N.  T.,  in  1009.  He  was  born  at 
Lambcrton,  N.  J.,  Jan.  5,  1779,  and  was  the  son 
of  Zebulon  P.,  brevet  colonel  in  the  service  of  llic 
United   States.     Ho  acquired   a  knowledge  of 


PIKE. 


PINCKNEY, 


CG5 


mathematics  and  of  the  Lntin, French,  and  Span- 1  counril  of  wnr  was  callrd  to  dclilirratc  on  the 
ish  lanj;iinges.     After  the  jnirchnso  of  Louisiana    surrender  of  tlie  [iluoe,   as  llic  j,'arris(in  was  re- 
Mr.  Jefferson  appointed  him  in  IKOJ  to  explore    dnceil  to  extremity,  and  resistance  in  an  unwiillcd 
the  Rources  of  the  Mississij)])i.     Soon  after  liis  !  city  to  a  suijcrior  army  would  i)e  unavailiu);,  Mr. 
return  he  was  sent  on  a  similar  expedition  into  '  I'inckncy  f,Mve  his  decided  opinion  in  favor  of  tho 
the  interior  of  Louisiana.     On  the  llio  Del  Xortc  :  most  obstinate  resistance,  lioijiiij,'  at  least  to  crij)- 
he  was  seized  by  a  Spanish  force   and  lost  his  j  |ilo  the  enemy,  anil  tiuis  benelit  other  ])arls  of  tho 
papers.     He  returned  in  1807.     IJeing  ajipointed    I'nited  States.     His  ojiinion,  tlii)iif,'h  seconded  by 
a  brigadier-general  in  the  late  war,  he  commanded  '  tho  gallant    I.aurens,  was  overruled.     The   city 
the  land  forces  in  the  attack  upon  York,  I'ppcr  |  was  surrendered,  and  he  fell  into  the  hands  of  tho 
Canada.    In  the  explosion  of  the  British  maga-  ■  IJritish  as  a   prisoner  of  war.     llis  eonfniement 
zine  he  was  struck  by  a  large  stone,  and  died  in  a  ,  was  rigorous,  in  order  to  crush  his  spirit  and  in- 
timidate others.     He  was  even  denied  the  con- 
s(;".ation  of  attending  the  remains  of  an  only  son 
to  the  tomb.     In  his  jjrinciples  and  devotion  to 
his  country  he  was  unmoved  by  this  severity,  and 
unmoved  also  b;-  Haltering  promises.     After  tho 
peace  he  was  ajjpointed  a  member  of  the  con- 
vention  which   formed    the  constitution   of  tho 
United  States,  to  which  he  was  very  instrumental 
in    promoting    the    assent   of   South    Carolina. 
■Washington,  when  chosen  inesident,  offered  him 
n  scat  on  the  bench  of  the  supreme  court ;  but 
he  declined  it.     He  was  also  offered  the  jjlace  of 
secretary  of  war  in  Hilj  on   llio  resignation  of 
Knox,  and  in  the  same  year  that  of  secretary  of 
State  on  the  dismissal  of  Kdmund  ]{andolj)h.    In 
1700  he  accepted  the  np])oinlment  of  minister  to 
France  as  successor  of  Mr.  Mimroe.    The  French 
directory  refused  to  receive  him  ;  but  he  remained 
at  Paris  till  Feb.,  1707,  when  he  was  ordered  to 
quit  the  French  territory.     He  removed  to  Am- 
sterdam.    In  a  short  time  John  Marshall  and 
Elbridge  Gerry  were  united  with  him  as  commis- 
sioners to   Franco.      When  some  unaccredited 
agents  demanded  a  loan  as  a  ju-c-requisite  to  a 
treaty,  Mr.  I'inckncy  replied,  "  Millions  for  de- 
fence, but  not  a  cent  for  tribute."    After  a  short, 
unsuccessful  negotiation,  passimrts  were  given  to 
Pincknoy  and  Marsliall,  while  Gerry  was  invited 
to  rcmahi.     On  his  return,  Mr.  I'inckncy  was  by 
Washington,  t)ic  commander-in-eliief,  nominated 
a  major-general  in  the  army  which  was  raised  in 
consequence  of  the  dilRculties  with  France.     Al- 
though his  rank  was  inferior  to  that  of  Hamilton, 
who  was  his  junior  in  the  llevolutionary  war,  and 
some  friends  urged  Iiim  to  resent  this  injustice, 
he  replied  with  a  very  commendable  spirit,  al- 
though not  of  i)ride  :  "  I  am  confident  that  Gen. 
Washington  had  sufTicient  reasons  for  this  prefer- 
ence.    liCt  us  first  dispose  of  our  enemies  j  we 
shall  then  have  leisure  to  settle  the  question  of 
rank."    In  1800  Mr.  Adams  and  he  were  candi- 
dates for  the  offices  of  jjresident  and  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  against  Jefferson  and 
IJurr.     At  this  period  the  offices  were_  not  dix- 
criminalnl  in  the  votes,  but  the  person  having 
the  largest  number  of  votes  was  to  be  the  presi- 
dent.    Gen.  Hamilton,   in   his  celebrated   letter 
against  Mr.   Adams,  endeavored   to  secure  tho 


few  hours  on  board  the  commodore's  ship.  When 
the  British  standard  was  brought  to  him,  he 
caused  it  to  be  placed  under  his  head.  His  wife 
was  Miss  Brown  of  Cincinnati ;  his  only  daughter 
married,  in  1819,  J.  C.  S.  Harrison  of  Ohio.  He 
was  one  of  the  most  accomplished  officers  of  tho 
army.  He  published  an  account  of  his  expedi- 
tions to  the  sources  of  tlie  Mississippi,  etc.,  8vo., 

1810. 

PIKE,  IIaruiet,  died  in  Albany  in  Sept.,  1815, 
QiTcd  19.  Her  name  was  Williams ;  slie  had  been 
married  to  N.  Pike  eleven  weeks.  She  was  ac- 
complished and  pious.  As  the  teacher  of  a  Sab- 
hath  school,  she  often  led  htr  young  charge  in 
fervent  prayer. 

"Slie  isROno! 
The  young,  tbo  beautiful,  tlic  blest: 

Oono  to  bcr  rest, 
Wliero  shadows  no'er  pitlicr,  nor  Borrows  come, 
To  diirken  tho  sky  of  tho  spirit's  home." 

PILLSBUllY,  Levi,  minister  of  Winchendon, 
JIass.,  died  in  1819,  aged  47.  Born  at  Dracut, 
he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1798,  and  was  or- 
dained in  1801. 

PIN'CKNEY,  Charles  Cotesworth,  major- 
general,  a  soldier  of  tho  Itevolution,  died  at 
Ciiarleston  Aug.  10,  182.j,  aged  about  79.  He 
was  the  son  of  Chief  Justice  I'inckncy  of  South 
Carolina,  and  was  born  in  1740.  Sent  to  Eng- 
land for  his  education,  at  Westminster  he  held  a 
high  rank;  ho  afterwards  removed  to  Oxford, 
and  thence  to  the  Temple  as  a  student  in  law.  On 
his  return  to  Carolina  in  1700  he  engaged  suc- 
cessfully in  the  legal  jirofession.  In  a  few  years 
the  encroachments  of  Great  Britain  on  American 
lilicrty  induced  him  to  take  uj)  arms  in  the  de- 
fence of  his  country,  and  hi  resistance  to  oppres- 
sion. At  first  a  captain,  he  was  sj)eedily  jjromoted 
to  the  command  of  the  first  regiment  of  infantry. 
When  the  danger  of  immediate  invasion  passed 
over,  he  joined  the  nortliern  army  and  was  ap- 
pointed aide-de-camp  to  Washington.  In  this 
cajiacity  he  distinguished  himself  at  the  battles 
of  lirandywine  and  Germantown.  Ileturning  to 
tlie  south,  he  was  intrusted  with  the  defence  of 
the  fort  on  Sullivan's  Island ;  but  as  the  enemy 
jnssed  tho  island  into  the  port,  he  hastened  hito 
the  city  to  defend  the  lines.  When  at  length  a 
84 


CG6 


nXCKNEY. 


PINKNEY. 


election  of  Oen.  I'incknry  as  president;  but 
neither  wns  elected.  His  wifi-,  Mary,  died  Jan. 
4,  1812,  aged  GO.  He  was  connected  with  various 
benevolent  Nocicties,  Of  the  Charleston  liilile 
lociety  he  was  tlic  pi  (.nident.  In  n  letter,  written 
in  180-1,  he  rc))rol)ateH  ihe  harharoiis  practice  of 
duelling.  There  was  a  frankness  in  his  manners 
vhich  attracted  conlldence.  Although  at  the 
head  of  a  jjorty  in  jiolitics,  he  was  free  from  Ihc 
vindictive  passions  of  jiarty.  "  licligious  and 
moral  principles  jjresided  over  all  his  faculties 
and  pursuits,  and  gave  a  dignity  to  his  character. 
An  ardent  youth  and  a  vigorous  manhood  were 
succeeded  by  a  serene  and  clieerAil  old  age,  and 
the  reverence  ond  love  of  the  whole  city  attended 
him  to  the  torn!)." —  Aim.  Jlcf;.,  182i>. 

PINCKNEY,  Thomas,  general,  governor  of 
South  Carolina,  the  brother  of  the  j)receding, 
died  Nov.  2,  1828.  He  was  distinguished  by  his 
patriotic  zeal  and  his  military  talents  in  the  war 
of  the  Revolution.  AVith  the  rank  of  major,  he 
■was  the  aid  of  General  Gates.  Having  his  leg 
shattered  by  a  musket  ball,  he  fell  into  the  hands 
of  the  enemy  in  Aug.,  1780.  He  succeeded 
Moultrie  as  governor  in  1787,  and  was  succeeded 
by  Charles  Pinckney  in  1789.  He  was  minister 
to  London  in  the  administration  of  Washington, 
und  returned  in  Dec.,  1706.  In  1796  he  was  can- 
didate with  John  Adams  in  the  votes  for  presi- 
dent and  ^^ee-pre.sident,  and  he  had  the  votes  of 
his  own  State  and  fifty-eight  other  votes,  but  was 
not  chosen ;  the  ne.\t  federal  candidate;  with  John 
Adams  in  1800  was  his  brother,  Charles  Cotes- 
worth  P.  In  1800  he  was  a  member  of  congress. 
For  his  social  virtues  he  was  highly  esteemed. 
He  died  after  a  lingering  and  painful  illness. 
His  wife  died  in  1796.  His  two  wives  were  daugh- 
ters of  Jacob  and  Rebecca  Motte,  whose  third 
daughter  married  Colonel  William  Allston.  His 
daughter,  Harriet,  the  wife  of  Colonel  Francis  K. 
Huger,  died  at  Philadelphia  in  Dec.,  1824. 

PINCKNEY,  CiiARLKS,  governor  of  South  Car- 
olina, died  Oct.  29,  1804,  aged  C6.  He  was  born 
in  1758.  His  education  was  private.  He  was  a 
patriot  in  the  Revolutionary  struggle.  In  1787 
he  was  a  delegate  to  the  convention  which  framed 
the  constitution  of  the  United  States.  lie  pro- 
posed that  the  jiresident  should  hold  his  office 
seven  years,  and  then  be  ineligible.  The  evils  of 
the  present  system  will  probably  lead  to  the 
adoption  of  a  suigle  term.  lie  succeeded  Thos. 
Pinckney  as  governor  in  1789,  and  continued  in 
office  till  1792  ;  he  was  again  governor  from  1796 
to  1798  i  and  again  as  the  successor  of  P.  Hamil- 
ton from  1806  to  1808,  when  he  was  succeeded 
by  J.  Drayton.  In  the  year  1798  he  was  a  sen- 
ator of  the  United  States,  and  afterwards  ambas- 
sador at  the  court  of  Spain  from  1801  or  1802  till 
1805,  in  the  administration  of  Mr.  Jefferson.    He 


possessed  amenity  of  manners,  great  colloquial 
powers,  and  fervid  eloquence. 

PINE,  Robert  E.,  an  eminent  histc^i;  and 
jiortrait  painter,  died  in  Philadelj)hia  in  Ncv., 
1788. 

PINKNEY,  William,  a  distinguished  lawyer, 
amliassador  to  England,  died  Feb.  25,  1822,  ngcd 
57.  He  was  born  at  Annapolis,  Maryland,  March 
17,  1704.  His  father,  a  native  of  the  north  of 
England,  adhered  to  the  British  cause  in  the 
Revolution.  He  regarded  himself  as  related  to 
the  South  Carolina  Pinekneys.  His  education 
was  imperfect.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1786,  and  soon  acquired  distinction  in  his  profes- 
sion. From  Harford  county  he  was  a  delegate 
to  the  convention  which  ratified  the  constitution 
of  the  United  States.  As  a  member  of  the  legis- 
lature in  1789,  he  eloquently  resisted  a  proposed 
law  to  prevent  the  emancipation  of  slaves.  In 
1796  he  was  appointed  a  commissioner  under 
Jay's  treaty,  and  rejjaired  with  his  family  to  Lon- 
don, where  he  resided  eight  years ;  his  associates 
were  Gore  and  Trumbull.  On  his  return  in  1804 
he  engaged  anew  in  the  practice  of  the  law,  which 
he  had  diligently  studied  during  his  residence  in 
London.  In  1806  he  went  as  minister  to  Eng- 
land, and  with  Mr.  Monroe  negotiated  a  treaty 
which  Mr.  Jefferson  rejected.  After  a  residence 
as  minister  for  five  years,  he  found  that  he  was 
expending  not  only  his  salary  but  his  own  small 
capital,  and  therefore  solicited  a  recall.  He  ar- 
rived in  June,  1811,  and  settled  at  Baltimore.  In 
December  he  was  aj)pointed  attorney-general  of 
the  United  States  by  Mr.  Madison.  He  ajjprovcd 
of  the  war  of  1812.  Commanding  a  volunteer 
corps  for  the  defence  of  Baltimore,  he  marched  to 
Bladensburg,  in  the  action  at  which  place  ho  was 
severely  wounded.  After  continuing  his  arduous 
labors  at  the  bar  for  several  years,  he  was  in- 
duced, as  he  wanted  relaxation,  in  March,  1816 
to  accept  the  appointment  of  minister  to  the 
courts  of  Naples  and  Russia.  He,  in  consequence 
resigned  a  seat  which  he  then  held  in  congress. 
From  Italy  he  proceeded  to  Vienna,  and  thence 
to  St.  Petersburg.  He  returned  in  1818.  He 
took  his  seat  in  the  senate  of  the  United  States 
Jan,  4,  1820.  On  the  Jlissouri  question,  he 
deemed  it  unconstitutional  to  make  the  exclusion 
of  slaves  a  condition  of  admission  into  the  Union. 
He  was  taken  ill  at  Washington  Feb.  17,  and 
was  for  the  most  part  delirious  till  his  death. 
His  wife  was  Ann  Maria  Rodgers,  the  daughter 
of  John  R.,  of  Havre  de  Grace,  and  sister  of 
Commodore  II.  Probably  there  was  no  lawyer 
in  this  country  of  so  great  eminence  as  Mr.  P., 
for  combined  legal  science  and  eloquence.  He 
had  a  fine  countenance,  and  elegant  manners,  and 
to  his  dress  was  particularly  attentive,  In  the 
supremacy  of  his  powers  and  fame,  and  in  the 


PINKNEY. 


I'LATT. 


6G7 


midst  of  liin  utmost  cffortu  to  maintnln  them,  he 
wi\-\  siimmoiipil  siuUlenly  to  the  retributions  of 
cUTiiiiV  !  i»  tremendous  wiiniiiif;  to  tlie  fjreat  men 
around  liim.  An  account  of  his  life  and  writings 
was  ])uhlislied  by  Henry  Wlieaton,  8vo,,  \H2V>. 

riN'KXKY,  KmVAlii)  Coatk,  a  jmet,  the  son  of 
^Villia^l  I'iukney,  died  ut  liultimorc  in  18128, 
(i.rcd  "Jj.  He  was  horn  in  London  in  1802.  At 
the  n|;e  of  14  or  10  he  was  ai>pointed  a  midshi])- 
mnn  in  the  navy,  in  which  ])ost  he  continued  nine 
years,  visiting  various  parts  of  the  glohe.  On  the 
death  of  his  father  in  18i>2,  lie  devoted  himself 
to  the  study  of  the  law.  lie  also  edited  the  IJal- 
timore  Marylander,  an  administration  paper, 
lie  puljlished  in  1825  a  volume  of  ))oems,  which 
is  highly  commended  by  the  North  American 
llcview. 

I'INNEO,  BraAi.KEi.,  I).  D.,  died  at  Milford. 
Conn.,  Sept.  10,  1849,  aged  80,  a  descendant  of 
the  Huguenots.  During  a  ministry  of  fifty-three 
years  tliere  were  in  his  town  seven  revivals ; 
seven  hundred  and  sixteen  persons  joined  the 
church ;  and  at  his  death  there  were  five  hundred 
and  twenty  members,  all  of  whom  but  three  he 
had  admitted.  He  had  followed  eleven  hundred 
of  his  ilock  to  the  grave. 

riNNEY,  BuTLKU,  a  minister,  died  in  Bloom- 
field,  Conn.,  in  1850,  aged  87. 

PINSOX,  Sarah,  widow  of  Simeon  P.,  a  Rev- 
olutionary soldier,  died  in  Scituate  Dec.  22,  1801, 
aged  103. 

PIXTAllD,  John,  died  in  New  York,  June  21, 
1844,  aged  85 ;  an  eminent  merchant,  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  American  bible  society. 

PINTARD,  I.KWis,  died  at  Princeton,  N.  J., 
March  20,  1818,  aged  80.  He  was  of  a  family 
which  lied  from  France  on  the  revocation  of  the 
edict  of  Nantes. 

PU'Ell,  Asa,  minister  of  Wakefield,  N.  II., 
died  in  1830,  aged  78.  He  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1778. 

PIPEU,  Susannah,  Mrs.,  died  at  Baltimore, 
Jan.  24,  1841,  aged  107. 

PIPON,  John,  minister  of  Taunton,  Mass., 
died  in  1821,  aged  about  00.  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1792,  and  was  ordained  in  1800.  He 
published  a  masonic  discourse,  1811. 

PITCHER,  Nathaniel,  minister  of  Scituate, 
Mass.,  died  in  1723,  aged  about  40.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  in  1703. 

PITKIN,  Wn.MAM, came  from  Middlesex, Eng- 
land, and  settled  in  East  Hartford,  Conn.,  in 
1609,  and  died  in  1694.  He  was  a  lawyer  and 
king's  attorney,  and  a  farmer ;  and  was  distin- 
guished for  his  talents  and  virtues.  His  sister, 
an  accomplished  woman,  married  to  Simon  "Wol- 
cott,  was  the  mother  of  the  first  Governor  W. 
A  William  Pitkin,  many  years  a  magistrate,  "  a 
great  and  good  man,"  diied  in  1723. 


PITKIN,  Wii.i.iAM,  governor  of  Connecticut, 
(lied  in  I'.ast  Ilaitford,  17()'.».  lie  was  tlcuti'iiant- 
govcruor  and  cr  fjiiilti  iliicrjustici'  tVoni  17.VI  to 
17U(i,  and  governor  tliric  years.  The  William  P, 
who  was  chief  justice  In  1713  was  j)erlnps  hit 
father.  He  was  a  man  of  strong  mind  ami  in- 
tegrity. His  son.  Major  William  ]'.,  died  in 
1789.  He  went  with  the  Connecticut  forces 
against  Canada,  inidcr  Abereronibie,  in  1708  and 
was  a  gallant  oIKeer.  In  the  Revolutionary  war 
he  was  a  member  of  the  council. 

PITKIN,  Timothy,  minister  of  Farmington, 
Conn.,  died  in  1812,  aged  80.  The  son  of  Gov- 
ernor P.,  he  was  born  at  East  Hartford,  and 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1747.  .\fter  serving  as  a 
tutor,  he  was  ordained  in  1702,  and  dismissed  on 
account  of  ill  health  in  1780.  He  was  long  a 
member  of  the  corjioration  of  the  college.  — 
Sprai/ii fi'n  Aimaln. 

PITKIN,  Timothy,  died  at  New  Haven,  Dec. 
18,  1847,  aged  82.  The  son  of  Rev.  Timothy  P., 
he  was  graduated  in  1780.  By  profession  he  was 
a  lawyer,  and  lor  fourteen  years,  from  1800,  a 
member  of  congress.  He  ])ublished  a  statistical 
view  of  the  commerce  of  the  United  States  in 
1810,  republished  in  1830  ;  lie  jniblished  also  po- 
litical and  civil  history  of  the  United  States  from 
1703  to  the  close  of  Washington's  administration. 
PITKIN,  EinVAUi),  M.  1).,  died  in  East  Hart- 
ford, April  11,  1851,  aged  82. 

PITMAN,  Chaules,  D.  D.,  died  in  New  York, 
Jan.  14,1804;  many  years  an  eminent  minister 
of  the  Methodist  church. 

PLAISTED,  IcHAUon,  minister  in  Rocliester, 
Mass.,  died  in  1831,  aged  30.  Born  in  Gardiner, 
Me.,  he  graduated  at  Bowdoin  college  in  1821, 
and  was  settled  over  the  third  church  in  R.  in 
1827. 

PLANT,  Matthias,  Episcopal  minister  in  New- 
bury, Mass.,  died  in  1703,  aged  02.  Born  in 
England,  he  graduated  at  Jesus  college,  Cam- 
bridge, and  was  settled  at  N.  in  1722.  His 
church  was  called  Queen  Anne's  chapel.  His  two 
predecessors  were  Mr.  Lampton  and  Henry  Lu- 
cas, both  from  England.  Dr.  Bass,  the  first 
Episcopal  minister  of  Newburyport,  was  settled 
in  1752.  A  singular  letter  of  liis  is  printed.  — 
Coffin's  Hist.  Newbunj. 

PI,  ANTE,  Marie  Louise,  died  in  Cuthbert, 
L.  C,  in  July,  1832,  aged  117.  Many  Plantes 
sprung  from  her. 

PLATT,  Jonas  K.,  M.  D.,  professor  of  surgery 
in  the  university  of  Vermont,  died  at  Plattsburg 
in  1824. 

PLATT,  Jonas,  LL.  D.,  judge,  died  in  Peru, 
Clinton  county,  N.  Y.,  in  1834.    He  had  been  a 
member  of  congress,  and  was  a  judge  of  the  su- 
preme court  of  New  York. 
PLATT,  Ebenezer,  judge,  died  in  New  York 


CCS 


PLATT. 


rOCAlIONTAS. 


in  IKH!),  affc.I  R.5.  Ho  lived  fifty  vcnrM  in  Hini- 
tltijrtoii,  I,.  F.  lie  wiiK  the  liilhir  nC  Mrs,  I'licliu 
KoffiTs,  tlic  niotlicr  of  ]{,vv.  I)r.  11.  1'.  \l(n(i'rK. 

I'l.ATT,  I'A.tVlW/.  A.,  Miim^ItT  ol'  V.ixfA  J'lilniy- 
rn,  X,  Y.,  (lied  Middi'iily,  Sept.  !(!,  I.S.'jI,  ii^jcd  l(i. 
Ho  was  raillit'iil,  and  liis  lalmrs  (or  tliirlcfn  years 
were  KuccesNl'ul.  He  received  one  liiindred  and 
seventy-one  jiersons  into  tlie  eliiirch. 

rLEASANTOX,  .Stii'IIIA.  died  in  Wasliinj-- 
ton  in  \H,'),'i.  lie  was  (lie  sixili  auditor  of  llie 
treasury  for  (ifly  years,  and  dnring  the  adminis- 
trntion  of  twelve  presidentH. 

I'LKASANTS,  Ja.mks,  (;overnor  of  Virpinin, 
died  in  Goochland  county,  Nov.  0,  18.'i(!,  Ofjed  (17. 
Ho  was  a  niendier  of  conjjress  from  IHll  to  1N11», 
and  senator  from  ISIO  to  lHli2,  and  governor 
from  1H22  to  IH'26.  Ho  was  a  man  of  rare  mod- 
esty, respected  and  esteemed  for  his  private  vir- 
tues and  ])iil)]ic  worth. 

PLEASANTS,  John  H.,  the  son  of  Covernor 
P.,  died  at  Richmond,  Feh.  '21, 18  J(i,  aged  ;J9.  Af- 
ter editing  the  llichmond  Whig  twenty-two  years, 
he  fell,  as  a.  fool  dieth,  in  a  duel  with  Thomas 
Ritchie,  Jnn.  A  hundred  others,  who  have  fallen 
in  our  countiy  in  like  folly,  dejjravity,  and  mad- 
ness, could  be  enumerated ;  yet  no  murderer  in 
private  comhat  has  yet  heen  hung  in  om-  country. 
Does  not  the  stain  of  blood  in  this  resj)ect  rest 
upon  our  guilty  land  ? 

PLESSIS,  J.  O.,  Catholic  bishop  of  Quebec, 
died  Dec.  4,  182ii.  He  was  taken  suddenly  ill, 
fell  back  in  his  chair,  and  expired. 

PLIMLEY,  Hkxry,  died  at  Trenton,  N.  J.,  in 
1842,  aged  98.  In  the  war  he  fought  at  Trenton, 
Fort  Stanwix,  Whitehall,  and  Yorktown,  and  was 
severely  wounded. 

PLUMBE,  William,  died  June  2, 1843,  aged 
94.  A  graduate  of  Yale  in  17G9,  he  was  a  chap- 
lain in  the  army  :  he  lived  to  be  the  oldest  grad- 
uate. 

PLUMER,  John,  a  worthy  magistrate  of  Ro- 
chester, N.  H.,  died  Nov.  19,  1815,  aged  95. 
Governor  Wentworth  appointed  him  a  judge  of 
the  court  of  common  pleas.  He  aimed  to  pro- 
mote the  amicable  settlement  of  disputes,  and 
was  a  peace-maker,  greatly  resjjected. 

PLUMER,  William,  governor  of  New  Hamp- 
shire, died  at  Epping,  Dec.  23,  1850,  aged  91. 
He  was  born  at  Newbury,  Mass.,  June  25,  1759, 
and  removed  to  Epi)ing  in  17G8,  where  he  lived 
till  his  death.  He  i)racticed  law  from  1787  till 
1809,  was  often  in  the  legislature,  and  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  convention  which  framed  the  constitu- 
tion of  New  Hampshire.  In  1802  he  was  chosen 
senator  of  the  United  States ;  and  he  was  gover- 
nor in  1812, 1816-1818.  His  last  public  employ- 
ment was  that  of  elector  of  president  in  1820. 
Then  for  nearly  thirty  years  he  was  occupied  in 
literary  pursuits.  He  published  jiapers  with  the 
signature  of  Cincinnatus.    He  wrote  well,  though 


he  liad  not  been  fiivorid  wilh  a  i-iiMir  rdiiralifin, 
and  Knew  nr)  iiUign;i';e  I  ut  the  I'.iijriisji.  His  ear- 
liest aneeitor  in  lliis  country  w;in  I'Vancis  of  lies- 
ton,  in  KilM,  who  died  in  Newliuvy.  'i'he  otliirs 
descending'  wi  ic  S,  nine!,  S\!v;niiis,  Samuel,  Sum. 
iiel,  till'  I'allier  of  the  ^'(>v(  inor,  married  to  .M.,rv 
Dole  in  ]'•')').  (lovemor  1*.  miinied  Sarah  Vow- 
ler  of  the  Ijiswich  family;  fhe  died  in  1852,  njfid 
!)().  His  brother,  f'olonel  l)aniel  I'lnmer,  died  In 
1852,  aged  81.  His  sister  married  Colonel  I)aniel 
Cilley  of  Epsom.  He  puldi'lied  appeal  to  the 
old  whigs,  1805;  address  to  the  clergy,  Isil. 

IM.l'MER,  Wii.i.iAM,  son  of  Governor  P.,  diid 
at  I'.pi)ing,  X.  U..  ^v])t.  18,  185t,  nged  05.  He 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1809,  and  was  a  mem- 
ber of  congress  from  181!)  to  1825.  He  opposed 
the  Missouri  compromise.  He  was  a  man  of  taste 
and  had  an  attachment  to  historical  researclies. 
His  library  was  large.  He  published  two  small 
volumes  of  poems  ;  address  to  agricultural  so- 
ciety. 

PLUMMER,  Cauoi.im:,  Miss,  died  in  Salem, 
May  15,  1854,  Ijoqueathing  15,000  dollars  to  Har- 
vard college  to  found  a  ]iroressorship  of  Chris- 
tian morals;  30,000  dollars  to  the  Salem  otlir- 
niFum  ;  and  30,000  dollars  to  found  a  farm  school. 

PLYMPTOX,  Sylvaxl'h,  Dr.,  died  at  Wobnni 
in  1837,  aged  79.  He  graduated  at  Ilar.ard  in 
17  SO. 

I'OCAHONTAS,  daughter  of  Powhatan,  cm- 
jjcror  of  the  Indians  of  Virginia,  died  in  1017, 
aged  22.  She  was  born  about  the  year  15!)5. 
When  Caj)tain  Smith  was  taken  prisoner  in  1007, 
and  it  was  determined  that  he  should  be  put  to 
death,  his  head  was  placed  upon  two  large  stones 
at  the  feet  of  Powhatan,  that  a  number  of  In- 
dians, who  stood  ready  with  lifted  clubs,  might 
beat  out  his  brains.  At  this  moment  Pocahontas 
rushed  to  the  spot  and  placed  her  own  head  uiiou 
his.  From  regard  to  his  daughter,  the  navagc 
king  spared  his  life.  Li  1009,  when  but  fourteen 
years  of  age,  she  went  to  James  Town  in  a  dreary 
night,  and  unfolded  to  Captain  Smith  a  jilot  which 
the  Indians  had  formed  for  the  extermination  of 
the  English,  and  thus  at  the  hazard  of  her  life 
saved  them  from  destruction.  In  1()12,  after 
Captain  Smith  left  the  colony,  she  was  for  a  bri!;c 
of  a  coi)per  kettle  betrayed  into  the  hands  of 
Captain  Argal,  and  retained  a  prisoner,  that  better 
terms  of  peace  might  be  made  with  her  father. 
lie  offered  five  hundred  bushels  of  corn  for  his 
daughter ;  but,  before  this  negotiation  was  com- 
pleted, a  different  and  more  interesting  one  had 
commenced.  A  mutual  attachment  had  sprung 
up  between  her  and  John  Rolfe,  an  Englishman 
of  good  character,  and  with  the  consent  of  Pow- 
hatan they  were  married.  This  event  restored 
peace,  and  secured  it  for  many  years.  Pocahon- 
tas soon  made  a  profession  of  Christianity  and 
was  baptized.     In  1616  she  accompanied  her  hus- 


POE. 

Iiand  to  EiikIitI.  wlirn-  ^lic  \vi\"<  rrrrivrd  with 
(listiiK  tiini  at  court.  It  is  said  that  Kiiijf  Janus 
t'XPri'^M'd  ^rcat  iii(li;;!)iitioii  iliat  oiu>  of  liis  hiiIi- 
ji'cts  sliDulil  (laic  to  many  into  ii  royal  laiiiily. 
A*  hIic  was  iilioiit  to  cmhaik  tor  Vlr;;iiiia,  slic  ilicd 
at  (iravcNCiwl.  Slic  U  rc|ii'cs(iitiil  aH  ii  jiioim 
riiristiaii.  She  U't't  one  mhi,  TIiommh  llnllcj  and 
iVoMi  his  dan^'htiT  (h'Mcnilcd  ::oinc  rcspcctalilc 
t'ainilics  in  Vir>,'inin. —  llirnli/ ;   Kiilh  ;  Slit/,, 

l'()I"„  l'',li(iAii  Al.I.AN,  a  diNNohitf,  lUnlaslic  wri- 
ter, ilicd  at  llailiinorc  in  conMetnicncc  of  Ills  of 
intoxication,  in  ISIO,  a^jed  ;).S.  His  ^randfaiiier, 
J)a\I(l,  of  Maryland,  served  jiomn'alily  in  the 
arinv  of  the  Uevohition.  His  father,  David,  mar- 
ried an  l'".n}j;lish  actress,  and  went  liimself  ni)on 
the  stnf,'e.  'I'iiis,  their  son,  was  horn  in  Itallimore. 
A  ({cnerons  merchant,  .John  Allan,  ado|ited  him 
and  |)ro\ided  for  Ium  education.  Hut  his  course 
of  life  in  ci)llej;e  and  afterwards  was  dissolute  and 
dis^'riiceful.  His  patron  refused  to  ])ay  his  fre- 
(uieiit  drafts  for  fjamhliiif,'  debts,  aiul  would  no 
lonfjer  keep  tlie  unj^rateful  and  prollif;ate  younj; 
man  in  his  house,  lie  was  now  thrown  u])on  the 
Liliors  of  hi.s  pen,  in  j)rose  and  verse,  for  suhsist- 
enco.  With  an  indignant  s|)iril  must  all  virtuous 
and  good  men  think  of  the  degradation  of  our 
literature,  by  its  falling  at  times  into  the  hands  of 
unprincipled  men,  who  j)roduce  nothing  of  true 
vahu!  and  worth  reading;  nothing  to  enlighten 
by  great  truths,  nothnig  to  animate  to  noble  acts 
of  virtue.  Nor  in  fact  can  any  great  utterances 
he  incitements  to  virtue,  when  wc  know  that  tliey 
are  not  sincere,  tiut  come  from  characters  vile 
and  contcmiitihle.  Toe's  miscellaneous  works 
were  published,  in  four  volumes,  IHjO.  The  wild 
nautical  story  of  I'ym  occujiies  half  the  last  vol- 
ume.—  Ci/cl.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

POGGATACUT,  groat  sach«m  of  Pamanack 
or  Long  Island,  died  in  1(5,51,  and  was  succeeded 
by  his  brother  Wyimdanch. 

POIILMAX,  WiLLi.vJi  J.,  missionary  at  Amoy, 
J.i:d  Jaimary  5,  1819,  being  drowned  in  leaving 
a  wrecked  schooner,  in  which  he  was  j)roceeding 
to  Amoy.  The  small  boat  was  ii])sct  by  the  rush, 
and  nil  who  could  not  swim  were  drowned.  He 
was  a  devoted  and  successful  missionary. 

POIILMAN,  Mrs.,  wife  of  William  J.  Pohl- 
mnn,  missionary  to  Borneo,  died  at  Amoy  Sept. 
30,  1845,  aged  34.  Her  name  was  Theodosia  1{. 
Scudder  of  Freehold,  X.  J.,  living  in  New  York 
at  the  time  of  her  marriage.  She  eml)nrked  in 
1838.  Her  companion,  Mrs.  Doty,  died  in  a  few 
days  after  Mrs.  P.'s  death. 

POINDEXTER,  GiiOROE,  died  at  Jackson  in 
18o3;  the  second  governor  of  Mississippi,  lie 
was  a  member  of  congress  as  delegate  of  the 
Territory,  and  then  as  representative  of  the  State, 
and  a  senator  from  1831  to  1835.  In  1811  he 
murdered,  m  a  duel,  Abijah  Hunt,  in  Mississiiipi 
Territory ;  and  thus  Ills  dishonored  namo  must  be 


roi.K. 


CC9 


added  to  llic  list  of  "  hoiiora'ile  murderers." 
Dors  not  the  iinaMnKcil  blood  of  the  niurdcred 
in  private  roniluit  cull  for  veiigcuiue  u|i<ii)  our 
guilty  land  I' 

I'OINSI'.TT,  .I'M  I.  n.,  ili.a  |),r.  II,  ls.-,l,nt 
StiilcKliurg,  S.  ('..  aged  7'-'.  He  «,is  licirn  in 
Chailcsiiin,  of  a  liugui'iiot  tamily.  He  travelled 
ill  I'.urojie,  Asia,  and  Spanish  .\incrica.  In  1N'J3 
he  was  iniiiisti'r  to  Mexico,  and  secretary  of  war 
under  .Mr.  Van  Iliiren.  lie  lahoreil  for  (he  jire- 
servation  of  the  rnion  against  the  niovementN  in 
his  own  Stale,  lie  published  notes  on  Mexico, 
iniide  in  1812,  with  a  sketch  of  the  Uevohition. 

I'Ol.Hl'.MlS,  Hi.Miv.  a  useful  mhiisler  of 
the  Dutch  chinch,  died  in  lister  county,  X.  Y., 
Nov.  'J,  181,5,  aged  Kl.  His  hist  two  years  ho 
was  the  pastor  at  Shawangiink  in  I'lster. 

rOMTIS,  1'i:ti;ii,  a  colored  man,  died  in  New 
York  in  18'J(1,  aged  l(i;{;  he  was  present  at  the 
capture  of  l.ouisburg  in  1715. 

POLK,  William,  coh)nel,  died  at  Raleigh, 
X.  ('.,  .Ian.  II,  IS'll,  aged  75.  He  was  among 
the  small  band  of  patriots  who  declared  inde])en- 
dence  in  .Mcekleiibiirgh  county,  X.  ('.,  May  120, 
1775.  lie  was  present  at  the  battles  of  Camden, 
l'',utaw  Sjirings,  Hrandywine,  and  Germantown. 
At  the  dose  of  the  war  he  held  the  rank  of  lieu- 
tenant-colonel, and  was  the  last  survivhig  officer 
of  the  X.  C.  line. 

I'OLK,  Jami;h  Kno.x,  president  of  the  United 
States,  died  at  Xashville,  Tenn.,  June  15,  1849, 
aged  53.     An  ancestor.  Pollock,  emigrated  from 
Ireland.    Mr.   Polk  was  born  Xov.   2,  1795,  in 
Mecklenburg  county,  X.  ('. ;  his  father,  in  1806, 
with  ten  children,  removed  to  Tennessee,  in  the 
valley  of  Duck  river,  a  branch  of  the  Cumberland, 
lie  graduated  at  the  university  of  Xortli  Carolina 
ill  ltil5.     In  18J5  he  was  a  member  of  congress, 
of  which  body  he  was  speaker  in  1835  and  1837. 
lie  was  chosen  governor  in  1839,  for  two  years. 
In  Dec,  1844,  the  electors  chose  him  president, 
the  votes  being  for  him  170,  for  Clay  105.    Dur- 
ing his  administration  the  Oregon  question  was 
settled,  Texas  annexed,  the  ^le.xican  war  waged, 
and  Xew  Mexico  and    California  acquired.     In 
his  jirivate  life  he  was  without  re|)roach.   Whether 
owing  to  education  or  to  the  influence  of  a  pious, 
admirable  wife,  his  arrangements  in  travelling 
never  interfered  with  the  Sabbath.     He  regularly 
attended  church.    Dr.  lldgiir  attended  him  in  his 
last  sickness.     He  acknowledged  his  unworthi- 
ness  before  God,  and  said,  he  had  too  long  de- 
layed to  devote  himself  to  the  service  of  Christ 
to  e.Npect  his  mercy  on  a  deathbed.    Afterwards 
he  professed  to  have  obtained  pardon  and  purifi- 
cation through  the  blood  of  Christ;  and  after  ho 
received    the   sacraments   never  exj)ressed    the 
slightest  doubt,   but  died  in  the  assurance  of  a 
glorious  immortality. 


070 


rOLKK. 


roxi). 


rOLKR,  Wii.i.lAM,  (lird  nt  Fort  Wiivnr.  Itiil.. 
in  IMi;),  n);i'(|  (iH.  Horn  in  Viri^iiiiii,  lie  cniii.'riitcil 
to  Kentucky  in  I7H'.'.  ('iiptiH'cil  liy  tin'  liiiliaiiN, 
ho  wiiM  kept  II  yriir  lit  Dclrdit.  In  |H(IS  he  kcI- 
tlrd  ill  Iniliiinni  in  IMIt  wiih  woiimiril  at  tiic  liiil- 
tln  of  Tippt'cniioc.  lie  liclil  Mirioiin  ollici*  i  wii-* 
roKiHtcr  of  tlif  U.  S.  land  ollito  i  mul  wiih  rMtii-nu'd 
and  l)('lov«'d. 

rOMKUOY,  Sirrir.  miniMtor  of  Orcnillcld.  in 
Fnirfli'ld,  Conn.,  diicl  in  1770,  nffrd  iiiiout  .'I7,«nd 
wriH  mircerdcd  i)y  Dr.  DwiKht.  lie  Kradiiati'il  iit 
Ynlf  in  I7.j;j. 

POMIWIOY,  Mi:i)Ai),  dcncon,  tlip  nnecntor  of 
many  fiimilicft  of  the  name,  died  at  Northampton, 
in  1710,  hiivin(|  ten  or  more  cliiiiln-n.  He  waM 
tho  son  of  l';it«i'cd  I'onii'roy  of  DorelioNtcr  and 
Windsor,  who  died  in  10(112.  lii>  married  I'.xpe- 
ricnce  Woodward,  and  aUo  Alilj^ail,  the  willow 
of  Uev.  Mr.  Cliauncy  of  Hatfield.  I'.henezer, 
liiN  Hon  by  luH  (irst  wife,  wuh  the  father  of  Selh. 

I'O.Ml'JtOY,  Sr.Tli,  l)rij(adier-H;eneral,  died  at 
I'eekMkill,  while  in  the  nervice,  in  Fel).,  1777. 
lie  lived  in  Norlhnmpton,  oiid  wun  the  son  of 
Ehenczer  and  Krand.son  -of  Deacon  Medad  1'. 
In  the  Freiu'h  war  he  wu»  on  intrepid  soldier  un- 
der Sir  William  Johnson,  lie  woh  |)reHent  at  the 
defeat  of  Dieskati.  In  the  battle  of  Itiinker  Hill 
he  was  a  volunteer  i  and  he  lamented  that  he, 
"  old  and  useless,"  had  not  fallen  instead  of  War- 
ren. He  died  of  the  ideurisy.  Ho  was  an  in((e- 
niouH  mechanic  nnd  manufaeturer  of  arms,  and  a 
most  zealous  and  devoted  friend  of  his  country. 
His  five  sons  were  Quartus,  Atiahcl,  Lemuel,  Setli, 
and  Medad. 

POMi:ilOY,  Hknjamix,  D.  1).,  minister  of 
Hebron,  Coini  ned  at  Hebron  Dee.  2L*,  17HI, 
aged  80.  He  wan  a  descendant  of  KItweed  1'., 
who  settleil  in  Windsor  in  l(iU;i ;  wos  born  in  Suf- 
field;  and  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  17lt<'i. 
He  was  ordained  in  Dec.,  1735,  During  the 
revival,  in  tho  time  of  Mr.  Whitefield,  he 
preached  with  great  zeal  and  power.  For  jirench- 
ing  in  disregard  of  the  laws  of  Connceticut,  he 
was  deprived  of  his  stated  salary  for  seven  years. 
He  was  also  once  arrested  and  brought  before 
the  assembly  with  Mr.  Duvenporl.  In  his  patri- 
otic sj)irit  ho  served  as  a  cha])lain  in  the  l'"rencli 
and  llevolutionnry  wars.  With  great  zeal,  he 
had  a  vein  of  wit  and  sarcasm.  Ho  wc  ■  erf' 
voring,  just,  ]  il'tc,  generous,  charitable,  iVam  . 
In  tho  fervor  ond  jiathos  of  his  preach"  j*  'le  . 
unequalled.     Uev.  Dr.  Spvague  has  ]  '  u 

letter  ccmcerning  him,  written  by  a  native  ot  He- 
bron, Uev.  John  Sawyer  of  Garland,  Maine,  in 
Aug.,  1855,  when  he  wanted  but  two  months  of 
being  one  hundred  years  old.  In  early  life  he 
was  a  hearer  of  Dr.  P.  Ho  says:  "  I  have  a  dis- 
tinct vecolkction  of  his  solemn  and  earnest  man- 
ner ..I  the  ])iilpit,  and  of  seeing  the  tears  flow 
dt)"P  his  cheeks,  while  he  was  exhorting  sinners 


fo  be  reconciled  to  Ood."  1II«  wif<'  wns  .Mingnil, 
the  Hi»ler  of  Dr.  I'*,.  WhccliKk  i  lii»  (Iiiii^^IiIit, 
llaiinali,  nmrrird  Dr.  MrCliire.  Mr.  I'etcrx  r('|i. 
ri'seiiis  him  as  an  exci  lletit  M'hular,  an  rxeniplmy 
gentleman,  and  a  thunileiiiig  preacher.  Dr. 
'rriimbiill  describcN  him  as  a  man  of  real  geniun, 

and  as  among  the  best   preachers  of  his  day 

Sjinii/iir'i  Aiiiuih. 

I'O.MKUOY,  JdNATliAN  I,AW,  miiiistir  of 
Worthii';,'ioii,  Musi'  died  at  West  Spriiiglicid,  in 
lH:)(l,ag(il  aloiit  <17.  lie  was  niini»ter  from  I7!i| 
to  IN.')'J.  lie  beipiealheil  to  the  .American  colo. 
nixalion,  edncalion,  home  iniNsionary,  and  biiilo 
societies  1,(100  dollars  each,  and  nmili'  theni 
residuary  legatees  after  the  death  of  bis  wile,  wl  o 
soon  died,  to  the  supposed  amount  of  '.'0,0(10  i|i,| 
lars.  lie  also  gave  his  brother,  ('<  I.  Si  ih  P  ,  J, 
Itoardman,  his  wife's  brother,  on''  Mii,.  .M.  Hil- 
lings, 5,000  dollars  each.  II'  I  '  "'  he  avc  to 
Uev.  T.  Shipmaii,of  Soiit'  iirj  llu  iii'.  .iied  a 
sermon  on  death  of  (),  I'luiiiioy,  uDOi  of  f.  Wil- 
bur, 181(1;  to  a  mi"<ionni';  s('  :■,  1800;  reply 
to  a  rnitar''!!  |)niii|.Mi't,  18'.'2t  i   rmoiis,  \H'M. 

PO.MFllOY,  '  v.M  ,  ;,  Wyi.i.ih,  died  at  Pomc- 
roy,  Mr''gH  eiiiiii  ;  ,  (^hio,  in  18il,aged  77  |  an 
emigraii'  from  Itrighton,  Muss ,  wliere  he  was  a 
respected  cilizeii. 

JOMFHOY,  .John,  Dr.,  died  ot  Ilurrngtnn, 
Vl.,  Feb.  11),  1811,  aged  80.  Horn  in  Miiiiijp. 
borough,  Mass.,  he  was  (irst  a  soldier;  then  set- 
lied  in  n.  OH  a  )ili\ 'deian,  in  1702,  and  in  1707, 
after  oceupying  u  log  hinise,  built  there  the  first 
brick  hoiiNe.  Ho  was  a  leading  physiciiiu  .mil 
(uirgeon  for  forty  years,  and  was  jirofessorof  aimt- 
omy  and  surgery  in  tho  university. 

POMFKOY,  TiiADin-.iH,  Dr.,  died  ot  Stmk- 
bridge,  Mass.,  in  IS  17,  aged  82.  He  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1780. 

POMKUOY,  I,i:Mt'i;i-,  died  in  Pittsfield,  Mass., 
in  18-1!),  aged  71.  He  wos  the  son  of  Lemuel  and 
grondson  of  (ion.  Seth  Pomoroy  of  Xortliainji- 
toii.  Ho  was  long  engaged  in  very  extensive 
businesH  in  iron  works.  His  widow,  an  excellent 
woman,  died  in  1852,  oged  70. 

POMPOXOHO,  chief  of  the  Tltieiit  Indians, 
sold  lands  to  the  peoi)lo  of  Uridgewatcr,  north  of 
the  Titicut  river,  by  deed,  in  1072.  His  father 
ond  grandfather  lived  there  before  him. 

POXI),  I'lNot-n,  minister  of  Ashford,  Conn., 
led  in  1807,  aged  50.  Tiorn  at  Wrentliam. 
^'  ■».,  he  gr;ii  !  at  llrown  university  in  1777. 

.u  was  one  year  in  the  army;  then  taught  mn- 
sic  and  one  of  tho  schools  in  lioston ;  nnd  was 
ordained  in  1780.  During  a  revival  in  179s, 
there  wore  added  to  his  church  eighty  menrcrs. 
Ho  was  a  good  man  and  afl'oble,  a  scholar,  imil 
an  aceoptabh?  ])reacher.  —  Sjmii)iie'ii  Anvah. 

POXD,  Jn,iA  An.\,  wife  of  i)r.  F.  Pond,  died 
at  Bangor,  Sejjt.  7,  1838,  oged  41.  A  native  of 
Northford,  Conn.,  ond  a  sister  of  the  l:  v.  J. 


TON  I). 


I'OI'K. 


r.7i 


Malt^y.  dhe  wa«  on  mrly  Clin'ttinn  ronvrrt,  nnd  t\ 
cim-i^l<'"'.  I'lifiK'"'.  pniyiTl'iil  Cliriitimi,  uri  rxiiiii- 
|)lc  III  ihoNC  nrimiid  Iht. 

i'()Ni),  ('i»UI>l,I.I.V  K.,  wifr  (if  S,  W.  r.)iii|, 
mi,  jimnry  ti)  thr  ItakmuM,  (lird  at  \\';i*liiii;{ti)ii, 
Ciiuil  F*-''>-  *'>  •"*•''-•  ^'"'  *""  »"  iiii'iunl  Cliiit- 
tiitn.  |ilca«(iiit.  retiring,  trustful.  Slic  nuvc  laitli- 
ftlldving  cxliiirlntiniiM. 

p()  \Tli,  L()Ui..>iX«  \),  Da.  died  at  Niw 
York  ill  I'^lO,  prnfi'SKor  of  liiilian  laiigunu^'  and 
lii  'ory  in  til"  in       "vity  of  X,.^  York. 

roN'TIAC,  ihiit  111  (lie  Sauks  or  Sacs,  n  war- 
like tribe  of  Iiidiuiis  on  the  iJcs  .Moim  ■;  and  Mjs- 
KiHsijipi,  wan  t  ilU'd  in  a  time  of  \)V;\vv  ly  ttic 
Kiiskaskias  nuil  oiIuth.  A  di"^olatiii}{  rt'\iiif;i' 
WHS  the  tonsenueiiee.  I''.  I'in  ^tunM.  .Jr.,  jml)- 
li.Hiied  n  iiistory  of  the  consjiiracy  of  I'oiitiac  in 

18,j1. 

I'OOLF,,  ELlZ.Uiiail,  Minn,  died  at  Taimti.n, 
Mass.,  Miiy  ^1,  l'i''l,  nj^cd  (!').  She  was  of  a 
^'ood  family  in  Taunton,  lMij,'huid  ;  liiit  ^f>v'  kit 
her  friends  and  jirospcets  in  the  prime  of  lu  r  li.'b, 

thiit  she  mi^lit  enjoy  freedom  of  eoimeieiico  in  a  Missouri,  in  lN,i(»,  n),'eil  CO. 
wilderness.  Slio  resided  first  nt  Dorthester. 
Tiien,  in  1037,  she  commenced  a  settlement  nt 
Coliassct,  now  Taunton.  She  did  ^ood  "ith  her 
wealth.  At  tlie  entrance  of  the  new  and  -eaiiti- 
ful  cemetery,  after  the  style  of  Mount  Auhurn 
near  Boston,  the  ladies  of  Taunton  liavc  i  'cted 
n  graceful  monimient  "in  lionor  of  Eli/  iheth 
Poole."  —  Fell's  Ilisl.  of  N.  K. 

rOOI-E,  William,  of  Dorchester,  diei'  in 
1072.  He  was  town  clerk  uiioul  forty  jcars,  id 
often  a  schoolmaster. 

I'OOU,  Kxotii,  brigadier-general,  died  in  N  w 
Jersey,  Sept.  8,  1780,  aged  43.  He  was  a  descen- 
dant of  Daniel,  who  died  in  Andover,  Mass.,  in 
1713,  aged  84. 

POOK,  Daniel  N.,  M.  D.,  died  in  Newbury, 
Mass.,  in  1837,  aged  78.  liorn  in  N.,  he  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  in  1777. 

POOR,  Daniel,  D.D.,  missionary  to  Ceylon,  died 
at  Mancpy,  Feb.  3,  18j3,  aged  05.  Mr.  Meigs'  let- 
ter, who  was  his  fellow  laborer  nearly  forty  years, 


ardi,  who  died  in  INJ'J.     ll,'  wnH  divided  in  death 

iViPiii    l»r.  SciiddiT  "Illy   t«eiil\  .i I.ijs.      Miigii 

and  Spa'ilding  vurviM d  him.  lie  w;ih  laki  n  Ai\ 
of  the  (  holeru  on  I'lidiyiind  dii  d  llie  next  d.iy. 
His  ••eciiiid  wife  waw  .\nn  Kiii^ltt  from  liigland. 
—  Siiniiiu>'.i  .liiiiii/i. 

I'OIm';.  J..IIN,  J>,v.,  UitO.  in   Iloston   In   May, 

17!'(i.  ii;,'ed  .".'». 

I'OIT.  JoHKVH,  »Bim'«ter  of  Speiuer,  Mam., 
died  Miiieh  H,  l\;.>(!,  ngrd  7t».  lie  had  a  palsy 
for  I'iglii  yeniK^  His  widow  reathed  tin'  age  of 
1(1(1,  ])ee.  \Ht  IHiM,  n-tniniiig  her  powers  of  niiiid 
and  licdy,  oxcK'ptitig  sight!  and,  it  is  ihoiight,  is 
still  aliv  ',  in  l*)7.  Horn  in  I'oinfrcl.iKiw  Itrook- 
lyn,  he  was  graduiited  at  Cimi'iridge  in  1770.  He 
was  ordniiH'd  .tidy  17,  177'-  Ue  was  a  man  of 
liu-rary  aeipiirenients.  and  ■  lary  of  the  triis- 
ti-psof  Leicester  ttciwlemy.  ofeshor  "sliiirtleff 
of  Dartmouth  mam-  d  Ids  li,.  njlucr.  lit  wa» 
wi c,  coiu'teous,  lidililui  liis  Ut«  wiis  honoruljle 
:>ad  useful. 
I'OPI".,  Xathwii.i,,  ju.  jje.  died     i  Kt.  Louis, 

I  111.  mber  of 

UlinoiH. 
I'loston    in- 
Tlnxbury, 
rehant, 


giving  an  accotmt  of  his  death,  is  in  Missionary 
Herald.  Born  in  Danvcrs,  Mass.,  in  June,  1789, 
he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1811 ;  studied  the- 
ology at  Andover  ;  was  ordained  at  Newburyjiort 
June  21,  1815,  with  Mills,  Warren,  Richards, 
Bushnell,  and  Meigs.  He  lived  at  Colombo,  in 
Ceylon,  from  1810  to  1823,  when  he  took  charge 
of  tlio  seminary,  at  'latticotta.  In  1830  he  re- 
moved to  Madura,  lu  i'Ml  to  Jaffna.  In  1849 
and  1850  he  was  in  liis  native  land.  From  1851 
till  his  death  he  resided  at  Manopy.  He  was  an 
able,  devoted,  respected  missionary,  and  he  died 
in  triumph:  his  last  words  were  "Joy!  joy  I  hal- 
lehijah!"  He  was  buried  at  Tillipally,  near  his 
first  wife,  an  excellent  mi.ssionary,  Susan  Bulfinch, 
of  Salem,  who  died  in  1821,  and  near  Mr.  Rich- 


ie was 
congress,  and  n  jiaige  of  itc    iistriet 

POI'i:,  Li:Mn;i     |  residi.     of   a 
suranee  company,     iil.Vug.  ,,    IVtl,  > 
aged  7  L     He  was   lor  many  jt<«r>-  a 
much  resjieeted. 

rOPIIAM,    Oioiirii:,    pre 
comiuuiy  of  settlers  in  New  Mi 
Plymouth,  England,  the  last  ■  \ . 

two  ships  and  one  hiUKfred  ni' 
sup])lies.     Va\)t.  Popham   liini 
one   ship,  and   Raleigh   (iilberi 
Walter  Ifttleigh,  of  the  other.     ( 
August  they  fell  in  with  the  island 
a  few  nules  from  tb"   coast  of  M«i 
afterwards  lauded  a;  '110  mouth  of  !; 
iir  Keiuiebec    river,    "on  a  wesli  ; 
and  not  on  Parker's  f-land,  as  Gov. 
posed.     A  sermon  was  delivered  i  tin 
'a,vs  were  read  ;  and  a  store-house 
i'ort,  which  was  called    fort  St.   Gei 
ships  sailed  on  their  return  Dec.  5ili 


i    the  int 

«ii  led  *mn 

KM):,  with 

11  ii.   essary 

uiiii  iid  of 

lew  cif  Sir 

uc  11th  of 

Mon  began, 

.  itndl  soon 

^a»fa4«hoc 

insula," 

I  \  an  suj)- 

atent  ond 

1   ',  with  a 

.<:.-.      The 

■i  a 

lent 

I 'plies 


my  of  45  persons ;  Popham  being  , 
:;..d  Gilbert  admiral.  The  next  year 
w  re  brought  them  i  but  intelligence  being  rc- 
ci  ived  at  the  same  time  of  the  death  of  Sir  John 
P  phani  and  Sir  John  Gilbert,  and  the  jjresidcnt 
P«  ham  being  also  deceased,  the  colony  deter- 
iiii  I'd  to  return  in  the  ships.  The  winter  had 
bei  1  severe,  ond  the  .stores  had  been  lost  by  fire. 
Sni.ili  says,  the  country  was  esteemed  a  cold,  bar- 
ren, mountainous,  rocky  desert;  and  that  this 
coll  Miy  "  found  nothing  but  extreme  cxtrcmiiies." 

POPE,  Joseph,  an  ingenious  mechanic,  died 
at  llallowell,  Maine,  in  Aug.,  18.^0,  aged  72.  Ho 
cons:  ructcd  a  large  and  admirable  orrery,  w  hich 
was  ■•urchased  by  Harvard  college,  and  he  in- 
vcnli  1  a  threbhing-machlnc. 


G72 


rOPKIN. 


PORTER. 


roPKIN,  John-  Snem.ixo,  D.  J).,  diod  at 
Canil)ri(lj,'c,  March  2,  IHii'l,  a^'i-d  HO.  liorii  in 
Boston  JuiiL-  1!),  1771,  he  was  graduated  at  Har- 
vard ill  1792,  ordaiiK'd  over  tlio  Fedeial  Htrect 
churcli  in  ]}oston  July  10,  1790,  and  dismissed  in 
1802.  In  Newbury  he  was  a  minister  from  l.SOl 
to  181  ">,  when  ho  Ijeenmc  ])rofess()r  of  Greek  at 
Canihridge.  From  1820  to  18;i.'5  ho  was  Kliot 
professor  of  Greek  literature.  For  tlie  rest  of 
liis  life  he  resided  in  Canibridge.  In  1811  and 
subsequently  he  had  sudden  attacks  of  disease, 
which  ini])aired  his  memory.  At  last  he  had  a 
fatal  disease  of  the  heart.  As  a  preacher  his  dis- 
courses were  souiul,  well-written,  and  useful ; 
but  he  was  not  an  orator.  In  his  religious  views 
he  was  not  Unitarian  but  Evaiijjelical.  To  a  lady, 
who  asked  him  if  he  was  a  llopkinsian,  he  re- 
plied, "'Madam,  I  am  a  Po])kinsian."  His  ser- 
mon on  the  death  of  Washini^ton  contains  jjassa- 
ges  of  elo(iuence.  He  was  never  married.  It  is 
said  that,  fifty  years  after  he  was  susce[)tible  of 
attachment,  he,  contrary  to  the  habit  of  his  life, 
followed  a  venerable  deceased  lady  to  the  grave. 
Whatever  was  in  his  memory,  lie  never  spoke  of 
it.  lie  jmblishcd  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  J. 
Kimball ;  on  the  death  of  AVashington ;  on  the 
memory  of  the  righteous  ;  to  recommend  justice 
and  charity ;  on  leaving  the  old  moeting-liouse ; 
on  the  dedication  of  the  new,  180G;  on  the  sea- 
sons, time,  and  eternity ;  at  the  thanksgiving, 
1813;  thanksgiving  for  jieace,  1815;  on  an 
affliction ;  two  sermons  liefore  his  removal  to 
Cambridge,  18Io;  three  lectures  on  liberal  edu- 
cation, 18;J0.  —  Spraif tic's  Annals. 

POPMUXNUCK,  IS/UC,  an  Indian,  deacon  of 
the  church  at  Marshpce,  died  in  1758,  ngod  about 
80.  He  was  an  Indian  magistrate  of  great  repu- 
tation, the  graiid.son  of  Popmimniick,  the  sachem 
in  lG-18.  His  i)rother  Josiali,  a  schoolmaster, 
died  in  1770,  aged  about  85. 

I'Oll'ri'.U,  Aaron,  first  minister  of  Medfield, 
Mass.,  died  in  1722,  aged  aliiut  M.  Horn  in 
Iladley,  he  gra{hiated  at  Harvard  in  1708,  and 
was  settled  in  17111.  His  next  successors  were  E. 
Turell  and  1).  Osgood. 

POUriiU,  M(!Si:.s,  cajitain,  of  Hadley,  died 
Sept.  8,  1755,  slain  by  the  Indians  while  on  a 
morning  scout  near  Ticoiideroga. 

POUTF.l'i,  SA:\ifi;i.,  minister  of  Sherborn, 
^la^s.,  died  in  175H,  aged  -19.  Horn  in  Hadley, 
he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  17!J0,  and  was  set- 
tled in  17.'5I.  His  ])redecessor.s  were  ]).  Gookin 
and  I),  llakor.  He  jniblislied  a  sermon  at  ordi- 
nation of  W.  l'hi])i)s,  1748;  of  J.  I'errv,  1755. 

I'OllTI'.U,  Aauox,  Dr.,  died  at  Portland  at  an 
advanced  ago.  He  came  from  Jioxford,  Mass., 
and  s(>tlled  in  Jiiddeford  in  1773;  he  removed  to 
I'luijiind  in  1810.  His  wife,  whom  ho  married 
in  1777,  was  I'auline,  daughter  of  Jticluu'd  King 
of  Scarborough. 


PORTF.R.  JoiiN,  first  minister  of  Xorth  Rridgo- 
water,  Mass.,  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college 
in  1730,  and  ordained  in  Oct.,  1710.  He  died  in 
the  hopo  of  the  Christian  Murcli  12,  1802,  aged 
80.  He  was  a  man  of  respectable  talents,  of 
great  prudence,  and  f  a  blameless  life.  As  a 
jireaclier  lie  dwelt  with  eiirnestness  upon  the 
great  doctrines  of  the  gosjiel.  A  crucified  Re- 
deemer was  his  frequent  theme.  Avoiding  dry 
and  barren  speculations,  he  aimed  to  im])art  in- 
struction, and  to  render  men  holy.  His  faithful 
labors  were  not  in  vain,  for  at  different  periods  it 
])loased  God  by  the  influence  of  his  Spirit  to  ren- 
der them  the  means  of  converting  many,  who 
were  chosen  in  Jesus  Christ.  He  received  four 
hundred  and  sixty-four  into  the  church.  At  a 
donation  visit  in  1709,  there  met  at  his  house 
ninety-seven  yoinig  ladies,  who  presented  his  wile 
with  four  hundred  and  seventy-four  skeins  of 
yarn,  cotton,  linen,  woollen,  by  them  sj)un,  all 
dressed  in  homespun.  He  jireached  on  "this 
woman  was  full  of  good  works,"  Oct.  9.  He  had 
as  colleague,  for  a  short  time,  Asa  Meach.  After 
him  the  pastorwas  Daniel  Huntington,  more  than 
twenty  years.  Mr.  Porter  had  three  sons,  grad- 
uates at  Cambridge  in  the  same  class  in  1777,  one 
of  whom  was  Dr.  E.  Porter  of  Roxbury.  He 
])ubhshcd  a  sermon  at  tlie  ordination  of  Siius 
lirett,  Freetown  ;  the  absurdity  and  blasi>heiiiy 
of  substituting  the  per.sonal  righteousness  of  men 
hi  the  room  of  the  surety  righteousness  of  Christ 
in  the  article  of  justification  before  God,  171!); 
rejjly  to  Mr.  Bryant's  remarks  on  the  above  ser- 
mon, 1751. 

PORTER,  NiciiKMiAii,  minister  of  Ashfielil, 
Mass.,  died  Feb.  29,  1820,  aged  99  years  and  11 
months.  He  was  born  in  I])swich  Marcli  20,  or 
A])ril  2,  1720;  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
1715  ;  and  was  ordanied  Jan.  3,  1750,  at  Cjic- 
bacco,  now  Essex,  but  was  dismissed  in  17(10. 
He  was  installed  at  Ashfield  Dec.  21,  1771.  In 
June,  1819,  at  the  age  of  99,  he  assisted  in  ordain- 
ing his  colleague,  Thomas  .She])ard  ;  he  ascended 
the  ])ulpit  stairs  without  aid,  made  the  conse- 
crating ])rayer,  and  gave  a  charge  to  the  ])eo])le. 
By  his  first  wife,  the  daughter  of  Rev.  Mr.  Chip- 
man  of  Beverly,  be  had  ten  children,  and  two 
hundred  and  thirty  descendants.  He  published 
a  discourse  July  1,  1811. 

PORTEll,  Samii-.i.,  Dr.,  died  at  Williaius- 
burgli  Jan.,  1822,  aged  07. 

I'ORTER,  M()si;s,  general,  died  at  Cambridfje, 
in  A])ril,  1822,  aged  05.  A  native  of  Danvers,  ho 
was  an  oflicor  of  artillery  in  the  battle  of  Hunker 
Hill;  ho  was  also  in  the  buttles  of  Brandywine 
and  Trenton;  he  was  with  Wayne  in  1791,  and 
commanded  at  the  capture  of  fort  George  in 
1813.  Ho  was  u]n-ight  and  honorable,  dignillecl, 
a  rigid  disci])linarian. 
PORTER,  E.\l'i;KlLiN'Cli,  minister  of]]elcliertown, 


POUTER. 


PORTER. 


G73 


MasR.,  •I'cd  in  1S2S,  ngcd  10.  Porn  in  Lcbnnmi,  ]  N.  TI.,  diod  at  an  ndvaiiocd  a?:p,  aliout  ISijOor 
X.  11.,  he  graduated  at  Dartniouth  in  lS()3j  was  later.  He  gave  I'i.OOO  dollars,  almost  all  his 
minister  of  Wineliestor,  N.  II.,  from  1H()7  to  1810;  '  propertj,  to  three  charitidile  socii'ties,  for  foreign 
then  of  ]J.  from  181 1  to  1825.  He  followed  J.  '  and  luwie  missioijs  and  education. 
Forward,  and  was  succeeded  hy  I.yman  Coleman.  POU'l'I^K,  li.\(iii:i.,  widow,  dicil  in  M'orthin)?- 
He  died  of  a  consumption.  During  his  ministry  :  Ion  June,  1S;!1,  aged  !»;{.  When  aliove  00  sho 
there  were  extensive  revivals  of  religion,  as  the  received  for  knitting  six  i)air  of  miitfiis  a  jire- 
rcsult  of  which,  one   hundred   and    seven   were    niium,  wliicli  she  gave  to  the  hilile  society,  to 


added  to  the  church  in  1S12  and  18i;j,  and  two 
hundred  and  eight  in  1818  and  1819;  as  many 
during  his  ministry  as  for  eighty  years  before. 

rOKTEU,  MlCVll,  a  minister,  died  in  Plain- 
field,  N.  H.,  in  182!),  aged  81. 


which  she  had  before  given  1,000  dollars. 

POiri'l'.It,  IsUAKi.,  died  at  Cambridge  May  28, 
18;}?,  aged  !);S,  a  respected  citizen. 

POIMKIl,  N.vrnANii;!.,  1).  ]).,  died  in  Con- 
way, N.  11.,  Nov.  11, 18;{7,  aged  i(2.   Porn  inTops- 


POUTEll,  ■\Vll.l.l.\M  A.,  professor  of  moral  field,  Mass.,  ho  graduated  at  Harvard  in  17(i8. 
philosophy  and  rhetoric  in  Williams  college,  died  I  He  had  l)een  a  farmer  initil  of  the  age  of  18. 
in  1830,  aged  31.  He  graduated  at  Williams  in  In  1773  he  was  ordained  at  New  Durham,  N.  II.  j 
1818,  and  was  appointed  Professor  in  1827.  !  in  1778  he  became  the  first  minister  of  Conway, 

POUTEU,  Thomas,  died  in  Granville,  N.  Y.,  '  and  continued  such  more  than  thirty  years.  In 
in  1833,  aged   90.     He  was  a  soldier  of  175o  ;    his  politics  a  zealous  federalist,  one  of  his  ser- 


the  father  of  Professor  P.  of  Andover. 

POUTEU,  Ei-II'IIALKT,  D.  ]).,  diedat  lloxbiuy 
Dec.  7,  1833,  aged  74.  A  graduate  of  1777,  he 
spent  his  life  in  the  ministry  at  Uoxbury.  He 
iniblished  various  discourses ;  a  fast  sermon,  1798; 
on  the  death  of  Gov.  Sumner,  1799;  new  year's 
sermon,  1801;  century  sermon ;  before  the  Iiu- 
mane  society,  1802;  at  the  ordination  of  J.  G. 
Palfrey,  1818. 

PoilTEU,  Ebemczkr,  D.  D.,  president  of  the 
theological  seminary  at  Andover,  died  Aj)ril  8, 
1834,  aged  01.  He  was  the  son  of  Thomas  P.  of 
Cornwall,  Conn.,  and  a  descendant  of  the  sixth 
generation  from  Thomas  of  Hartford,  who  re- 
moved to  Earmington,  and  died  in  1097.  He 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1792,  and  was  or- 
dained at  Judea  society  in  ■Washington,  Conn., 
Sept.  7,  1790,  the  8ucces,sor  of  Noah  Merwin, 
whose  daughter  Lucy  he  married.  After  lifteen 
years  of  toil  there,  he  was  invited  to  Andover  in 
1811,  as  Bartlett  professor  of  pul]iit  elocpiencc, 
and  there  passed  the  remainder  of  his  life,  lieing 
chosen  jiresident  in  1827.  He  published  many 
single  sermons  ;  among  them,  at  the  ordination 
of  J.  W.  Putnam  and  A.  Mitchell,  1815;  of  T. 
J.  Murdock,  1819;  on  the  fatal  effects  of  ardent 
spirits,  1811;  at  the  fast,  1810,  1823;  at  dedica- 
tion of  the  new  edifice,  1818;  to  the  education 
society,  1820;  to  the  pastoral  association,  1827; 
to  the  society  to  give  the  gosj)cI  to  the  Indians  ; 
on  God's  immortality,  1829;  two  sermons  at  the 
fast,  1831.  lie  also  ])ublishcd  the  preacher's 
manual ;  a  lecture  on  the  analysis  of  vocal  in- 
flections; principles  of  rhetorical  delivery;  the 
rhetorical  reader,  1831  ;  a  lecture  on  jirogress  in 
study;  lectures  on  homiletics,  preaching,  and 
public  prayer,  1834.  —  S/fraijiic's  Aniiul.^. 

POUTl'UJ,  Gicoiicii;  P.,  governor  of  the  Terri- 
tory of  Michigan,  died  at  Detroit  in  1834. 
POUTEU,  Natiianikl,  deacon,  of  Lebanon, 
85 


mons  on  the  fourth  of  .luly  displeased  his  people 
and  caused  his  dismission.  Subseipiently  he 
j)reacheil  in  the  neighboring  town  of  l''ryeburg, 
even  after  he  liecatne  blind,  and  after  he  was 
eighty  years  old.  AVlien  unable  to  ])reach,  he 
would  make  the  jjublic  jjrayer,  sometimes  of  the 
length  of  forty  minutes,  with  groat  propriety. 
He  was  very  jjoor:  he  used  his  scythe  on  his 
own  small  farm.  He  had  scarcely  twenty  vol- 
umes of  valuable  books.  Yet  he  was  respected 
as  a  theologian,  a  moderate  Calvinist.  For  the 
last  twenty-five  years  living  with  a  second  wife, 
who  had  projierty,  he  had  a  comfortable  subsist- 
ence. Two  of  his  sons  were  masters  of  vessels, 
and  ])erished  at  sea.  He  published  two  sermons 
on  infidelity ;  on  the  death  of  Washington ;  be- 
fore the  legislature  of  New  Hampshire,  1804;  at 
the  o|)ening  of  an  academy,  1800;  on  the  fourth 
of  July,  1811.  —  Sj}r(i;/iii's  AiniaJs. 

PoilTl^U,  Ki,i.iAll,"  Dr.,  died  at  Waterford, 
N.  Y.,  Jan.,  1811,  aged  07,  one  of  the  most  dis- 
tinguished jihysicians  in  .Saratoga  county. 

POUTEU,  Samiki.,  died  at  Hadley  April  23, 
IHll,  aged  7(1 ;  judge  of  the  court  of  sessions. 

POllTliU.  David,  c(mimod()re,  died  March  3, 
1813,  aged  03.  Porn  in  Poston,  he  was  a  mid- 
shipman under  Truxton;  he  also  sailed  under 
Parron  and  Stewart.  In  an  engagement  with  a 
corsair  he  was  wounded.  With  JSainbridge  he 
was  cai)tured  in  the  I'hiladelphia  in  thehari)orof 
Tripoli,  in  1803.  After  five  years  he  retuni.-d. 
Erom  New  York  he  sailed  in  the  Essex  July  o, 
1812,  and  soon  ca])tured  the  Alert ;  he  also  ca])- 
tured  a  vessel  with  11,000  jxiuiidson  board;  and, 
doubling  Cape  Horn,  he  took  numy  whaling  ves- 
sels; but  he  was  taken  by  the  Pliiebe  and  Cherub 
in  the  harl)or  of  Valparaiso,  March  28,  1814.  He 
published  a  narrative  of  his  cruise  in  the  Jwscx, 
in  two  vols. 
POUTEU,  AleXjUIDER  J.,  senator  of  the  United 


G74 


PORTER. 


POTTER. 


States,  died  in  Louisiana  Jan.  13,  1814,  ngcd  58. 
lie  was  a  native  of  Ireland  j  a  jud<jc  in  Louisiana, 
of  talents,  leariiinjj,  taste,  and  popular  manners. 

POUTER,  IIUNTIXGTOX,  D.  1).,  minister  of 
Rye,  X.  II.,  died  at  Lynn  March  7,  1811,  aged 
89.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  in  l"77randwas 
ordained  as  colleague  of  S.  Parsons  in  1781. 
From  that  time  for  thirty-eight  years  only  eighty- 
four  persons  were  received  into  the  church.  The 
sea-coast  of  Rye  is  perilous :  forty  or  fifty  jjcr- 
sons,  who  have  perivlicd,  have  been  taken  uj)  a.id 
decently  buried.  He  ])ul)lished  a  century  ser- 
mon, 1801;  a  funeral  sermon;  a  new  year's  ser- 
mon, 1801 ;  on  a  remarkable  sickness,  1803. 

PORTER,  Pktku  U.,  general,  died  at  Niagara 
Falls  March  20,  18M,  aged  71.  Horn  in  Salis- 
bury, Conn.,  he  was  graduated  at  Yale  in  1791. 
IIt>  was  a  useful  officer  of  the  array  in  the  war  of 
1812.  For  a  time  he  was  secretary  of  war.  His 
name  is  associated  with  important  events  in  west- 
ern New  York. 

PORTER,  Isaac,  minister  of  Granby,  Conn., 
died  in  1844,  aged  about  76.  Born  in  Farming- 
ton,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1788. 

PORTER,  Fidelia,  died  at  New  York  Jan. 
22,  1847,  aged  76.  She  was  the  sister  of  Pres. 
Dwight,  and  married  Jonathan  E.  Porter  of  Had- 
Icy;  she  afterwards  lived  in  New  Haven  and 
New  Y'ork.  She  was  an  intelligent  Christian,  of 
active  benevolence.  She  toiled  much  for  the 
benefit  of  seamen.  —  N.  Y.  Observer,  March  13. 

PORTER,  AViLLiAJl,  Dr.,  a  descendant  of 
Pres.  Iklwards,  died  at  Hadley,  Mass.,  Nov.  6, 
1818,  aged  83.  He  was  a  venerable  member  of 
the  church,  and  one  of  the  most  respected  of  the 
citizens  of  Hadley. 

PORTER,  David,  D.  D.,  died  at  Catskill  Jan. 
7,  1851,  aged  89 ;  his  elder,  S.  L.  Penfield,  died 
the  same  day.  Bom  in  Hebron,  Conn.,  he  was 
nearly  a  year  in  the  army,  and  then  wont  to  col- 
lege, and  was  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1784. 
For  fourteen  years  he  was  the  minister  of  Spen- 
certown;  then  of  Catskill  from  1803  to  1831, 
when,  after  eminent  usefulness,  at  the  ago  of  70 
he  resigned.  The  last  sermon  which  ho  jireached 
to  his  people  was  the  fifty-sixth  anniversary  of 
his  ordination,  Sept.  24,  1843,  on  the  text,  "The 
time  is  short."  His  wife  was  Sarah,  the  daughter 
of  Mr.  Collins,  the  mhiister  of  Lanesborough ; 
and  his  daughter  Laura,  the  wife  of  Mr.  Hill, 
treasurer  of  the  American  board  of  missions,  died 
in  1S52.  He  jjublishod  a  sermon  at  the  installa- 
tion of  D.  Marsh,  1801 ;  of  R.  Williams,  1812; 
of  J.  T.  Benedict,  1810;  at  ordination  of  J.  11. 
Hotchkin,  1803 ;  of  J.  De  Witt  and  of  O.  Lyman, 
1813. 

PORTER,  Moses,  died  at  Hadley  Ma;,  22, 
1854,  aged  85,  a  grandson  of  Pres.  Edwards. 
lie  was  a  Christian  in  early  life,  and  a  consistent, 
earnest  Christian  all  his  days  ;  he  also  held  va- 


rious commissions,  civil  and  military.  He  visited 
the  sick  and  i)rayed  with  them ;  and  his  liand 
was  open  in  charity.  To  no  man  in  tlie  coiuiiy 
was  committed  the  trust  of  administering  on  so 
many  estates.     His  death  was  very  sudden. 

PORTER,  AxiASA,  a  minister,  died  at  New 
Haven  in  1850,  aged  85.  He  graduated  at  Yale 
in  1793 

PORTERFIELD,  Rodeut,  general,  died  in 
Augusta  county,  Va.,  Feb.  13,  1843,  aged  !)(). 
He  was  a  ea])tain  hi  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  a 
brigadier  in  that  of  1812;  a  man  highly  es- 
teemed. 

POST,  WniGiiT,  M.  I).,  died  nt  Throg's  Xcck, 
near  New  York,  in  1828,  aged  02.  He  was  boin 
at  North  Hempstead,  Long  Island,  in  17{;g. 
From  1784  to  1780  he  studied  medicine  in  Lon- 
don. In  1792  he  was  a])pointed  ])rofessor  of 
surgery  in  Columbia  college.  Ho  once  tied  the 
femoral  artery  and  thus  cured  a  disease  of  it,  lor 
which  his  patient  paid  him  an  annual  visit  of 
gratitude  for  thirty  years.  Ho  was  a  jihysician 
of  great  eminence.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Ej)iscopal  church,  a  strict  attendant  on  religious 
worship.  His  eldest  son,  Edward,  was  a  j)hvsi- 
cian,  who  died  hi  1816,  aged  24,  having  studied 
in  England  and  France,  and  travelled  in  Switzer- 
land and  Italy.  —  WilUamx'  Med.  Bio;/, 

POTTER,  Nathaniel,  minister  of  B/ooklinc, 
died  in  1768,  aged  about  35.  Born  in  Elizabeth- 
town,  he  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1753;  was 
settled  as  successor  of  C.  lirown  in  1705,  and 
was  dismissed  in  1759.  His  successor  was  J. 
Jackson.     He  published  a  discourse,  Jan.  1, 1758. 

POTTER,  J.UIED,  M.  D.,  died  at  Walliiigrord, 
Conn.,  in  1810,  aged  67.  Born  at  East  Haven, 
he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1760,  and  ])ractised  in 
his  native  town  till  his  removal  to  W.,  in  1772. 
He  was  an  excellent  physician,  and  he  kept  a 
medical  school.  He  loved  also  to  discuss  ques- 
tions of  theology  and  politics.  He  Avas  frank 
and  colloquial.  Dr.  James  Potter,  a  kinsman, 
also  eminent,  was  of  New  Fairfield. —  I'liacher's 
Med.  Bio  (J. 

POTTER,  IsALVii,  minister  of  Lebanon,  N.  II., 
died  in  1817,  aged  about  70.  Ho  graduated  at 
Yale  in  1767,  and  was  settled  at  L.  in  1772.  He 
pubUshed  a  masonic  sermon  at  Hanover,  1802. 

POTTER,  Elisha  R.,  died  at  South  Kings- 
ton, R.  I.,  in  1835.  For  forty  years  he  was  a 
man  of  character  and  influence  in  the  State.  He 
was  a  member  of  congress  in  179G,  and  from 
1809  to  1815. 

POTTER,  Mercy,  Mrs.,  died  at  Pliiladelphia 
Aug.  21,  1841,  aged  103. 

POTTER,  Nathaniel,  M.  D.,  died  in  Balti- 
more in  1843,  aged  73.  Born  in  Maryland,  lie 
was  an  eminent  physician,  and  for  thirty  years 
professor  of  the  theory  and  practice  of  physic  in 
the  university  of  Md.  —  Williams'  Med.  Biu<j. 


POTl'S. 


PRATT. 


675 


rOTTS,  Gkouge  C,  minister  at  Pliiladelpliia, 
(lied  in  IWS,  aKt'd  (>',). 

rOTTS,  AVii.i.iAM  S.,  D.  D.,  a  minister  in  St. 
Louis,  died  in  Ajiril,  1852.  lie  was  a  native  of 
Xew  Jersey.  Ho  was  a  minister  of  liif^li  cliarac- 
tcr  and  influence.  For  a  short  time,  about  1837, 
lie  was  jjresident  of  Marion  college.  15y  mar- 
i-ia"e  lie  was  connected  with  Colonel  IJenton's 
faniilv. 

I'CirWINK.  Thomas,  minister  of  Scantic,  in 
East  Windsor,  Conn.,  died  in  1802,  aged  about 
71.  The  son  of  John  I*,  of  Boston,  he  graduated 
at  Yale  in  1751,  and  was  ordained  in  1754.  S. 
Uartlett  succeeded  him. 

I'OULSOX,  ZACiuniAii,  died  in  Philadel- 
pliia,  August,  1844,  aged  82  ;  long  the  jiroprietor 
of  I'oulson's  Advertiser,  a  profitable  paper.  He 
was  a  Quaker. 

I'OWEll,  James,  D.  D.,  died  at  Greenshurg, 
Pcnn.,  in  1830,  aged  85.  He  graduated  at 
Princeton  in  1700. 

I'OWEKS,  Petkr,  minister  in  Connecticut 
and  Vermont,  died  at  Deer  Isle,  Maine,  in  1799, 
ivcd  about  71.  The  first  boy  born  in  Ilollis, 
X.  H.,  ill  1728,he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1754 ; 
was  ordained  in  1750  at  Newcnt  society,  Nor- 
wich, Conn.,  and  dismissed  in  1700  from  inade- 
quate snpi)ort ;  then  was  pastor  of  Haverhill, 
N.  II.,  and  Newbury,  Vt.,  till  1784.  He  jmb- 
lislied  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  D.  Bayley,  1772. 

Spnii/ite'.i  AiDiuls. 

POWEUS,  JosiAll  W.,  a  minister,  died  in 
Putnam,  Oliio,  in  1840,  aged  41.  He  was  in  the 
employment  of  the  American  bible  society.     His 


insidious,  crafty,  and  cruel.  After  the  marriage 
of  his  daughter  to  Mr.  llolfe,  he  remained  faith- 
ful to  the  Englisli.     He  died  April,  1018. 

POWX.M.L,  Thomas,  governor  of  Massachu- 
setts, died  I'Y'b.  25,  1805,  aged   83.     He  was  a[)- 
liointed  to  the  ofiice  in  1757,  in  the  place  of  Mr. 
Sliirley.     His  measures  were  accommodated  with 
great  address  to  the  state  of  the  peoi)le,  and  he 
had  the  ])leasure  of  seeing  the  British  arms  tri- 
umi)hant  in  Canada ;  but,  as  he  did  not  give  his 
confidence  to  Mr.  Hutchinson  and  his  party,  and 
as  many  slanders   were   propagated   respecting 
him  among  the  people,  he  solicited  to  bo  recalled. 
In  1 700,  when  Sir  Francis  Bernard  was  removed 
to  Massachusetts,  he  succeeded  him  in  New  Jer- 
sey, as  lieutenant-governor.     He  was  soon  ap- 
pointed governor  of  South  Carolina;  but  from 
tliis  station  he  was  in  about  a  year  recalled,  at  his 
own  re(iuest.     In  1708  he  was  chosen  a  member 
of  parliament,  and  he  strenuously  ojiposcd  the 
measures  of  the  administration  against  the  colo- 
nies.   He  declared  that  the  peojjle  of  America 
were  miiversally,   unitedly,   and  unalterably  re- 
solved never  to  sulnnit  to  any  internal  tax,  im- 
])osed  by  any  legislature  in  which  they  were  not 
re])resented.     He   retired    from   Parliament    in 
1780,  and  died  at  Bath,  retaining  his  faculties  in 
perfect  vigor  in  his  last  days.     His  speeches  in 
parliament  were  all  published  in  Almon's  parlia- 
mentary register,  and  he  assisted  Mr.  Almon  in 
his  Air.erican  remembrancer,  in  twenty  volumes. 
He  i)ublished  principles  of  jjolity,  1752;  admin- 
istration of  the  colonies,   1704,  of  which  there 
were  afterwards  several  editions  with  improve- 
ments, and  part  II.,  1774;  the  interest  and  duty 
of  the  State  in  East  India  affairs,  1773  ;    memoir 
on  drainage,  1775;  description  of  North  America, 
with    roans'   maj),  imjjroved ;    letter   to  Adam 
Smith  on  his  inquiry  into  the  wealth  of  nations, 
1770 ;  a  memorial  to  the  sovereigns  of  Europe 
on  the  state  of  afiiiirs  between  the  old  and  new 
world,  1780;  two  memorials,  1782;  a  memorial 
to  the  sovereigns  of  America ;  on  the  study  of 
anticpiitics,  1783 ;  notices  and  descriptions  of  an- 
tiquities of  the  i)rovincia  Ilomana  of  Gaul ;  intel- 
lectual jjliysics ;  an  essay  on  being ;  a  treatise  on 
old  age. 

PK.\TT,  Joiix,  Dr.,  lived  in  Newton,  Mass., 
in  1035.  The  assistants  called  him  to  account 
for  an  injui'ious  letter  sent  to  England.  Mr. 
Felt  gives  an  account  of  his  ingenious  apology. 

—  Felt's  Hist,  nf  Xcw  Eng. 
PRATT,  John,  an  experienced  surgeon,  was 

admitted  into  Mr.  Hooker's  church  at  Cambridge 
in  1034.  He  sailed  for  England  with  his  wife, 
and  was  lost  in  Dee.,  1044,  on  the  coast  of  Spain. 

—  Farmer. 
I'RATT,  Peter,  an   eminent   lawyer,  died  at 

New  London  in  Nov.,  1730 


wife  was  the  widow  of  Capt.  Brewster,  of  the  ship 
To])uz,  who  on  his  return  from  Calcutta  was  cap- 
tured and  murdered  with  his  crew  by  pirates,  and 
his  ship  burnt. 

POWERS,  Gkant,  minister  of  Goshen,  Conn., 
died  in  1841,  aged  50.  He  was  born  in  lloUis, 
N.  II., in  1784;  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1810; 
and  was  several  years  minister  of  Haverhill, N.  H. 
He  was  afterwards  settled  at  Goshen,  Conn.,  in 
1829.  He  was  much  esteemed  for  his  talents 
and  virtues.  lie  published  a  sermon  at  ordina- 
tion of  J.  D.  Farnsworth  ;  an  essay  on  the  influ- 
ence of  the  imagination  on  the  nervous  system, 
contributing  to  a  false  hope  in  religion  ;  a  cen- 
tennial address  at  lloUis,  1830. 

POWERS,  Mrs.,  wife  of  P.  O.  Powers,  mis- 
sionary at  Broosa,  Turkey,  died  at  Phillii)ston, 
Mass.,  Feb.  15,  1842,  aged  37.  Her  name  was 
Harriet  Goulding  of  Phillipston,  but  born  at  Pax- 
ton.  Iler  return  was  caused  by  ill  health.  She 
died  in  great  peace. 

POWHATAN,  emperor  of  the  Indians  in  Vir- 
ginia, at  the  time  of  the  settlement  of  that 
colony  in  1007,  was  the  most  powerful  of  the 
Indian  kings.  He  was  deeply  versed  in  all  the 
savage  arts  of  government  and  policy,  and  was  |  ters  were  drowned  in  a  creek  at  Lyme  in  Sep' 


Two  of  his  (laugh- 


676 


PRATT. 


PREBLE. 


tembcr.  lie  puWisliod  tlic  prey  fnlvcn  from  the 
strong,  the  recovery  of  one  from  the  Quaker 
errors. 

PRATT,  Pctku,  first  mhiistor  of  Sharon,  Conn., 
died  in  1780,  nged  about  (il.  He  graduated  at 
Yale  in  1";{G.  He  was  settled  in  171();  his  two 
next  successors  were  J.  Searle  and  C.  M.  Smith. 

PRATT,  15i:n,i.\min,  cliief  justice  of  New  York, 
died  Jan.  r>,  1703,  aged  5.'$.  lie  was  born  in 
Boston  in  1709  of  i)oor  parents,  and  bred  to  a 
mechanical  employment ;  but  the  misfortune  of 
losing  a  limb  was  a  great  blessing  to  him,  and 
made  liim  a  scholar  and  a  man  of  eminence. 
He  graduated  in  1737  at  Harvard  college,  and  in 
the  catalogue  liis  name,  in  a  class  of  thirty-four, 
is  the  lowest,  the  names  tlien  being  jdaced  ac- 
cording to  the  dignity  of  jmrentage  ;  yet  his  is 
the  only  name  in  the  class  wliicli  attained  the 
dignity  of  being  jirinted  in  cajjitals.  Thus  the 
lowest  is  the  most  honorable ;  the  most  degraded 
is  the  most  dignified.  He  rose  to  distinction  as 
a  lawyer.  Ho  was  a  re])resentative  of  Boston 
from  1757  to  17ij9,  and  ably  sujjportcd  the  rights 
of  the  colonies.  AVheii  Governor  I'ownall,  by 
whom  he  was  highly  estt'emed,  was  about  to  leave 
the  province,  he  voted  to  send  him  away  honor- 
ably and  safely  in  the  province  ship,  designed 
for  the  protection  of  the  trade.  This  circum- 
stance lost  Mr.  Pratt  the  favor  of  the  merchants 
and  mechanics  of  Boston  ;  they  in  17G0  chose  in 
his  stead  another  representative,  who,  it  is  said, 
was  skilful  to  ferment  the  pojjulace  against  his 
rival.  Truly  it  is  not  an  easy  thing,  consistently 
■with  indej)endence  and  honor,  to  retain  amidst 
various  exciting  influences  the  popular  good  will. 
Mr.  Pratt,  however,  was  not  forgotten  by  Gov. 
Pownall,  who  procured  for  liim  the  appointment 
of  chief  justice  of  New  York,  in  which  station, 
though  he  retained  it  but  a  short  time,  he  was 
admired  for  his  penetration,  learning,  and  elo- 
quence. His  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Judge  Auch- 
muty ;  he  left  a  son  and  daughter ;  the  descend- 
ants of  the  latter  live  in  Boston.  Judge  Pratt 
■was  a  writer  of  poetry,  a  specimen  of  which  is 
preserved  by  Mr.  Knapp.  He  also  collected 
materials  for  a  history  of  New  England.  No  man 
in  his  day  wrote  in  a  better  style.  —  Knapp's 
Biog.  Sketches,  163-174. 

PRATT,  Ephkaim,  died  in  Shutesbury,  Mass., 
May  22,  1804,  aged  116.  The  grandson  of  John 
P.,  of  Plymouth  in  1620,  he  was  born  at  Sudbury 
Nov.  1, 1687.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  mar- 
ried Martha  Wheelock,  and  before  his  death  he 
could  number  among  his  descendants  about  fifteen 
hundred  persons.  In  the  year  1801  four  of  his 
sons  were  living,  the  eldest  of  whom  was  ninety 
year.,  of  age,  and  the  youngest  82.  Michael 
Pratt,  his  son,  died  at  S.  in  December,  1826,  aged 
103  years.  He  was  always  remarkable  for  tem- 
perance.   For  the  last  sixty  years  he  had  tasted 


no  wine  nor  any  distilled  spirits,  and  ho  was 
never  intoxicated  in  bis  life.  His  drink  was  wa- 
ter, small  beer,  and  cider.  Living  mostly  on 
Iircad  and  milk,  for  forty  years  before  his  death 
he  I'id  not  eat  any  animal  food.  Such  was  his 
uniH  rii  health,  that  before  1801  he  had  never 
consiiiicd  a  physician.  He  swung  a  scythe  101 
years. 

PRATT,  Lkvi,  minister  of  ^ledford,  Mass., 
died  in  1837,  aged  30.  He  graduated  at  Am- 
herst in  1826. 

PRATT,  Horace  S.,  professor  of  rhetoric  in 
the  university  of  Alabama,  died  at  Tuscaloosa  in 
1840,  aged  45.     He  graduated  at  Yale  in   1817. 

I'RATT,  IJENJAJtiN,  deacon,  died  in  Iteading, 
Mass.,  '"n  1843,  aged  84.  He  fought  at  liiiiiker 
Hill  >,  i77oj  and  lie  died. during  the  celebraiion 
at  Bunker  Hill  in  1843. 

I'RATT,  Al.LEN,  second  minister  of  West- 
moreland, N.  H.,  died  in  1843,  aged  77.  Born 
in  East  Bridgewater,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1785.  He  succeeded  W.  Goddard,  who  was  or- 
dained in  1764  ;  he  was  settled  in  1790,  and  over 
a  second  church  in  1827. 

PRATZ,  Le  Page  du,  published  liistoire  de 
Louisiane,  3  vols.,  12mo.,  1758. 

PRAY,  RuTULius  R.,  died  at  Pearlington,  ^Miss,, 
in  1840,  aged  45,  judge  of  the  high  court  of 
errors.  He  was  an  eminent  lawyer  and  an  up- 
right judge. 

PREBLE,  Edward,  commodore  in  the  Amer- 
ican navy,  died  Aug.  25,  1807,  aged  46.  He  was 
a  descendant  of  Abraham  P.,  who  lived  in  Scitu- 
ate  in  1637  and  removed  to  Kittery ;  was  the  son 
of  Brigadier-General  Jcdidiah  P.,  who  died  at 
Portland,  Me.,  in  March,  1784,  aged  77,  and  was 
born  in  August,  1761.  About  the  year  1779  he 
served  as  a  midshipman  under  Captain  Williams, 
and  in  a  short  time  was  jiromoted  to  a  lieuten- 
ancy on  board  the  sloop-of-war  commanded  by 
Capt.  Little,  with  whom  ho  continued  till  the 
peace  in  1783.  In  this  station  he  jierformed  a 
brilliant  action.  He  l)oarded  and  captured  with 
a  few  men  a  vessel  of  more  than  equal  force  lying 
in  the  harbor  of  Penobscot,  under  a  furious  can- 
nonade from  the  battery  and  an  incessant  fire  of 
the  troo])s.  In  1801  he  had  the  command  of 
the  frigate  Essex,  in  which  he  perfoi-med  a  voyage 
to  the  East  Indies  for  the  protection  of  our  trade. 
In  1803  he  was  appointed  commodore  with  a 
squadron  of  seven  sail,  and  he  soon  made  his 
passage  to  the  Mediterranean  with  the  design  of 
humbling  the  Tripolitan  barbarians.  He  first 
took  such  measures  with  regard  to  the  I'hnjicror 
of  Morocco  as  led  to  a  ])eace.  He  next,  after 
the  loss  of  the  fi-igate  Philadelphia,  procured  a 
number  of  gun-boats  of  the  King  of  Naples,  and 
proceeded  to  the  attack  of  Tripoli.  The  Phila- 
delphia was  burned  by  Decatur,  but  the  ])l:ice 
was  not  taken.    The  bravery  exhibited  had,  how- 


PREBLE. 


PRENTISS. 


C77 


ever,  Its  efFcct,  for  a  peace  was  afterwards  ob- 
tained on  honorable  terms.  Sucli  was  tlie  f;ood 
conduct  of  Commodore  I'reble,  that  it  extorted 
praise  from  the  Ihishaw  of  Trijjoli,  and  even  the 
Poi)e  of  Rome  dechired  that  lie  had  done  more 
towaidshnmblinf;  the  anti-christian  barbarians  on 
that  coast,  than  all  the  Christian  States  had  ever 
done. 

PREBLE,  Enoch,  captain,  died  at  Portland 
Sept.  2S,  ISi'J,  aged  "9.  lie  was  many  years 
president  of  the  marine  society,  and  a  respected 
citizen,  —  the  son  of  Brigadier-General  Jedidiah 
P.,  and  the  brotlier  of  Commodore  Edward 
Preble. 

PREBLE,  IIarrikt,  Miss,  died  in  Alleghany 
city,  Feb.  5,  18j4,  niece  of  Commodore  Preble, 
and  sister  of  Mrs.  Thos.  Barlow.  She  was  born 
and  educated  in  Paris,  enjoying  all  the  advantages 
of  wealth,  skilled  in  French,  English,  and  Italian 
literature.  She  lived  in  America  perhaps  twenty 
years.  At  first  an  unbeliever  in  the  bible,  she 
was  converted  to  tlie  Christian  faith  liy  reading 
Wilson's  evidences.  She  read  also  carefully  1  )ick'8 
and  Dwight's  theology,  and  other  works.  To  a 
friend  she  lamented  the  time  spent  on  literature 
to  the  neglect  of  God's  book,  which  utters  all-im- 
portant truth.  She  and  her  mother  joined  the 
I'resbyterian  church.  Her  memoirs  were  pub- 
lished by  Prof.  R.  H.  Lee. 

PItENTICE,  John,  minister  of  Lancaster, 
Mass.,  dietl  in  1740,  aged  G6.  Born  in  Newton, 
he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1700,  and  was  or- 
dained in  1708.  lie  married  a  daughter  of  Rev. 
John  Mellen  of  Cliockset  or  Sterling.  His  pre- 
decessors were  Joseph  Rawlandson,  from  1600  to 
1678 ;  John  Whiting,  from  1690  to  1G97.  His 
successors  were  Timothy  Harrington,  Nathaniel 
Thayer.  He  published  a  sermon  ou  the  death 
of  Rev.  R.  Breck,  1731 ;  before  a  court,  1731 ; 
the  election  sermon,  173o. 

PRENTICE,  Solomon,  first  minister  of  Graf- 
ton, Mass.,  died  in  1773,  aged  about  91.  He 
graduated  in  Harvard  in  1727 ;  was  settled  in 
1731 ;  and  dismissed  in  1747  ;  he  was  next  pas- 
tor of  Easton  from  1747  to  1754. 

PRENTICE,  TuoM.\s,  minister  of  Charles- 
town,  Mass.,  died  in  1782,  aged  80.  Born  in 
Cambridge,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1726 ; 
was  ordained  at  Arundel,  ^le.,  in  1730,  but  the 
church  was  dispersed  in  the  Indian  war  of  1737. 
He  then  was  the  minister  of  Charlestown ;  but 
when  that  town  was  burned  by  the  British  in 
1775,  he  retired  to  Cambridge ;  but  after  three 
years  resumed  his  labors.  He  jiubhshed  a  ser- 
mon at  thanksgiving  for  the  reduction  of  Cape 
Breton,  1745;  at  a  fast;  on  the  eai-thquake, 
1756 ;  on  the  death  of  Mrs.  A.  Cary,  1755.  — 
Spraijue's  Annals. 

PRENTICE,  Caleb,  minister  of  Reading, 
Mass.,  died  in  1803,  aged  06.    Born  in  Cam- 


bridge, he  gradi  'ed  at  Harvard  in  17f>.'),  and  was 
settled  in  1709.  His  prcilcccssor  was  W .  lIol)l)v; 
his  suceessor,  U.  Emerson. 

PRENTICE,  C'liAiiLi-.s,  minister  of  So.ith  Ca- 
naan, Conn.,  died  in  IS.'JS,  aged  59.  Born  in 
Bethlehem,  he  graduated  iit  Yale  in  1802.  He 
])ul)!islie(l  a  sermon  at  tlie  ordination  of  C.  T. 
Prentice.  1S30. 

PRl'A'TLSS,  TnoAiAS,  captain,  of  Cambridge 
viUiige  or  Newton,  died  in  1710,  aged  SH.  He 
was  a  freeman  in  1652.  He  did  good  service  in 
Philip's  war,  commanding  a  company  of  troops. — 
Fanner. 

PRENTISS,  TnoMAS,  1).  D.,  minister  of  Med- 
field,  died  in  1814,  aged  GO.  Born  in  Holliston, 
he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  17CG  ;  he  was  settled 
in  1770.  His  predecessors  were  Jnhn  Wilson, 
Josejjli  Baxter,  and  J.  Townsend.  His  wife  was 
a  daughter  of  John  Scollay,  clerk  of  Boston  forty 
years  ;  his  daughter,  Mary,  was  the  wife  of  Rev. 
Rufus  Ilurlbut  of  Sudbury.  His  four  sons  were 
educated  at  Cambridge.  He  was  a  man  of  char- 
acter, and  influence,  tnd  of  /eul  to  do  good.  He 
was  a  leader  in  the  tcmiicrance  reform  :  he  made 
successful  efforts  to  establish  in  M.  a  large  pub- 
lic library.  He  published  a  sermon  at  the  ordi- 
nation of  S.  Wright,  1785;  of  P.  Cl;ir!;e,  1793; 
of  T.  Mason,  1799 ;  on  the  death  of  J.  Haven, 
1803 ;  on  the  duty  of  brethren  ;  on  .\nierican  In- 
dependence ;  on  idleness  ;  religion  and  morality  ; 
Christians  cautioned ;  on  strengthening  evil  doers  ; 
fast  sermon;  to  society  for  Christian  knowledge. — 
Sprarpif's  Annal.i. 

PRENTISS,  Thomas,  Unitarian  minister  in 
Charlestown,  Mass.,  died  in  1817,  in  the  year  of 
his  settlement,  aged  25.  The  son  of  Rev.  Dr.  P. 
of  Medfield,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1811. 
It  is  an  almost  unparalleled  instance  of  the  early 
death  of  a  minister.  Yet  J.  Paine.  i>astor  of  the 
same  church,  died  in  1788,  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
four,  after  having  been  the  pastor  a  little  more 
than  one  year. 

PRENTISS,  Samuet.,  Dr.,  died  in  Xorlhfield, 
Mass.,  in  1818,  aged  59.  He  was  the  son  of 
Colonel  Samuel  P.,  of  the  Revolutionary  army, 
and  was  born  in  Stoniugton,  Conn.  He  studied 
with  Dr.  Philij)  Turner  of  Norwich,  an  excellent 
surgeon,  and  served  in  the  war ;  then  settled  at 
Worcester,  whence  he  removed  to  Northfield  j 
and  there  his  practice  as  a  surgeon  was  extensive 
for  twenty  years.  Of  his  four  sons,  Samuel  was 
a  judge  in  Vermont,  and  John  II.  of  Coopers- 
town  was  twice  a  member  of  congress.  —  Wil- 
liani.si'  Med.  Biuij. 

PRENTISS,  Charles,  an  editor,  died  at  Brim- 
field,  Mass.,  in  1820.  He  graduated  at  Harvard 
in  1795.  He  edited  a  paper  in  Baltimore,  and 
the  Wa.shington  Federalist ;  and  had  rej)utation 
for  his  writings.  He  published  a  poem  at  Brook- 
tield,  also  a  satire,  and  New  England  freedom  j 


678 


PRENTISS. 


PRESCOTT. 


poems,  1813  ;  trial  of  Cnlvin  and  Ilopkinfl,  1819; 
history  of  United  States,  IL'mo.  j  life  of  Eaton; 
the  tliislle. 

riU'.XTISS,  JosTiUA,  died  nt  Marblehead  in 
183",  np;i'd  93,  an  ofRccr  of  tlic  Revolution  .__^ 

PRENTISS,  Si:iicii„\xT  S.,  died  near  Natchez, 
Jnly  1,  1850,  aged  10.  Horn  in  Portland,  the 
brother  of  ]{cv.  Dr.  P.  of  New  York,  he  gradu- 
ated at  Bowdoin  college  in  1826.  He  went  to 
the  West  and  liccame  a  distinguished  lawyer  ot 
Vicksburg.  Gaining  a  suit  involving  a  valuoble 
portion  of  the  city,  he  won  not  only  a  liigh  rep- 
utation but  a  grand  fee,  which  made  him  a  very 
rich  man.  lie  was  of  brilliant  eloquence  as  a 
stump  orator,  and  also  in  congress.  Becoming 
embarrassed  in  his  afl'airs,  lie  removed  to  New 
Orleans,  lie  was  admired  for  his  talents  and 
brilliant  imagination,  and  for  his  social  qualities 
and  virtues  endeared  to  his  friends.  A  memoir, 
edited  by  his  brother,  was  published  by  Scribner, 
New  York,  2  vols.,  1800. 

PRENTISS,  Natii^uviel  SnEPiiEUi),  a  phy- 
Mcian,  died  at  West  Cambridge  in  1863,  aged  87. 
lie  was  I)orn  in  Cambridge  Aug.  7,  1706,  was 
graduated  in  1787,  and  practised  twelve  years  in 
Marlborougli.  He  was  ol'terwards  the  teacher  of 
the  Latin  school  in  Roxbury  eight  years,  and  was 
town  clerk  thirty  years.  He  was  a  benefactor  of 
the  nthenccum  of  R. 

PRENTISS,  Samvel,  LL.  D.,  judge  of  the 
district  court  of  Vermont,  died  at  Mont])elier 
Jan.  15,  1857.  The  son  of  Dr.  Samuel  P.,  he 
was  many  years  a  senator  of  the  United  States, 
and  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Vermont. 

PRESCOTT,  Benjamln,  a  councillor,  died  at 
Groton,  Mass.,  in  1738,  aged  42.  He  was  de- 
scended from  Jolm,  who  lived  in  AVatertown  in 
1641.  His  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Thomas  Oliver 
of  Cambridge,  a  member  of  the  council.  His 
sons  were  distinguished  men,  Oliver,  James,  ond 
William. 

PRESCOTT,  Benjamin,  minister  of  Danvers, 
died  May  28,  1777,  aged  89.  The  son  of  Jona- 
than of  Concord,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1709;  was  ordained  in  1713;  and  resigned  his 
charge  in  1756.  He  published  a  letter  to  the 
Salem  church,  1735 ;  one  to  J.  Gee,  1743 ;  to 
George  Whiteficld,  1745  ;  on  tlie  controversy  be- 
tween Britain  and  the  colonies,  1768. — Sprague's 
Annals. 

PRESCOTT,  William,  colonel,  a  soldier  of 
the  Revolution,  died  Oct.  13, 1795,  oged  70.  He 
was  born  at  Groton,  Mass.,  in  1725 ;  his  father 
was  Benjamin  P.,  a  councillor ;  his  mother  was  a 
daughter  of  Tliomas  Oliver,  also  a  councillor. 
He  inherited  a  large  estate,  and  resided  at  Pep- 
perell.  Under  Winslow  he  assisted  in  the  con- 
quest of  Nova  Scotia.  His  military  talents  being 
of  a  high  order,  he  was  intrusted  with  the  com- 
mand of  the  troops  who  threw  up  the  fortifica- 


tion at  Bunker  Hill  in  the  evening  of  June  10, 
1775.  In  the  battle  of  the  17tli  he  was  grcatlv 
distinguished.  Colonel  Swett  has  desciilicd  lijs 
exertions  on  that  day.  He  aecom])ani('d  Wash- 
ington to  New  York,  and  he  served  with  Ciatos  in 
the  cajiture  of  Burgoyne.  His  brother  James,  a 
councillor,  high  sheriff  of  Middlesex,  and  chief 
justice  of  the  common  pleas,  died  Feb.  15,  1800. 

PRESCOTT,  Oliveu,  M.  D.,  a  physician, 
brother  of  the  preceding,  died  Nov.  17,  1804, 
aged  73.  He  was  born  Ajiril  27, 1731,  and  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  college  in  1750.  Dr.  Tlmchcr 
relates,  that  he  was  accustomed  to  sleep  on  horse- 
back, while  his  liorse  proceeded  at  the  usual  jiace. 
He  was  not  only  a  physician  of  great  eminence 
and  usefulness,  but  a  ])atriot  of  the  Revolution, 
being  about  177C  brigadier-general  of  the  mililin, 
and  as  such  rendering  important  services,  while  the 
British  occupied  Boston.  From  1777  to  1779  he 
was  a  member  of  the  council,  during  which  pe- 
riod there  was  no  governor  nor  lieutenant-gover- 
nor. From  1779  till  his  death  he  was  judge  of 
probate.  He  died  at  Groton  of  a  drojisy  in  the 
chest.  His  son,  James,  succeeded  him  as  judge 
of  probate.  One  of  his  daughters  married  Tim- 
othy Bigelow.  He  was  tall  and  corjjulent.  The 
versatility  of  his  powers  was  remarkable.  He 
early  made  a  jjrofession  of  religion,  and  Was  al- 
ways an  influential  member  of  the  church  at 
Groton.  —  Thaclter. 

PRESCOTT,  Abel,  Dr.,  died  in  Concord,  Mass., 
in  1805,  aged  88.  He  had  been  an  eminent  phy- 
sician. 

PRESCOTT,  Oliver,  jM.  ]).,  a  iihysician,  son 
of  Dr.  Oliver  P.,  was  born  Aj)ril  4,  17C2 ;  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  17S3;  studied 
physic  with  Dr.  Lloyd,  and  settled  at  Groton, 
where  he  had  extensive  practice.  In  1811  he 
removed  to  Ncwburyport,  where  ho  died  of  the 
typhus  fever,  Sejit.  26,  1827,  aged  05.  He  was 
an  eminent  physician,  and  he  early  made  a  ])ro- 
fession  of  his  Christian  faith.  He  jmblished  va- 
rious articles  in  the  New  England  journal  of 
medicine ;  also  a  dissertation  on  ergot,  which 
was  reprinted  in  London,  and  in  France  and 
Germany. —  Tliachcr. 

PRESCOTT,  William,  M.  D.,  died  in  Lynn 
in  1844,  aged  about  81.  He  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1783. 

PRESCOTT,  William,  judge,  died  in  Boston 
Dec.  8,  1844,  aged  82.  He  was  born  in  Pejijier- 
ell,  descended  from  ancestors  who  came  to 
America  about  1640.  His  father.  Col.  Wm.  I'res- 
cott,  commanded  at  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill. 
Prepared  for  college  by  Master  Moody,  he  grad- 
uated in  1783.  For  two  years  he  taught  school 
in  Beverly,  and  there  studied  law  with  Mr.  Dane, 
At  Salem  he  married  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Hick- 
ling,  consul  at  St.  Michael's.  Such  was  his  emi- 
nence as  a  lawyer,  that  he  was  twice  offered  a  seat 


rRESCOTT. 


I'lllCK. 


670 


on  the  bench  of  the  supreme  court.  From  Sa- 
lem lie  removed  to  Uoston  in  IHOS.  In  l.sM  he 
WUN  a  member  of  the  Hartford  convention.  l"or 
a  year  he  was  judf;e  of  the  court  of  common 
pleas.  After  forty  years  he  retired  from  jiraclice, 
being  then  at  the  liead  of  the  bar  in  Massachu- 
Belts.  Tor  the  lust  sixteen  years  lie  lived  quietly 
in  retirement.  His  widow,  the  mother  of  Mr. 
l>rescott  the  historian,  died  in  Boston  May  17, 
IH.VJ,  afjed  84. 

rilESCOTT,  A.'.noN,  a  lawyer  of  jjcculiar  and 
memorable  benevolence,  died  in  llandoljjh,  Mass., 
Xov.  21,  18*51,  a{!;ed  01.  JJorn  in  Westl'ord,  he 
graduated  nt  Harvard  in  1811.  He  was  hon- 
est and  exeini)lary.  He  liad  no  son;  yet  the 
education  of  youth  en},'rossed  liis  thouj^hts.  He 
purchased  a  larf^c  and  valuable  library  for  chil- 
dren and  youth,  and  kept  it  at  his  oHice ;  and, 
actiiiR  as  librarian,  loaned  the  books  gratuitously. 

lioston  Jilcertinci;  ])ec.  3,  1851. 

PKESCOTT,  Josioni,  ])r.,  died  at  Halifax, 
N.  S.,  in  18J2,  aged  90.  He  was  a  physician  in 
the  llevolutionary  army. 

niESTON,  John,  Dr.,  the  first  physician  of 
New  Ipswich,  N.  II.,  died  in  1803,  aged  04.  He 
was  a  patriot  of  the  llevolution  ;  a  member  of  the 
general  court,  and  a  magistrate;  and  eminent  in 
his  in-ofession.  Perhajjs  his  son  was  Dr.  John 
Preston,  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth  in  1791,  and 
who  died  in  1828. 

PllESTON,  FR.VXCIS,  general,  died  at  Colum- 
bia, S.  C,  in  1835,  aged  70.  He  was  in  congress 
from  1793  to  1797. 

PllESTON,  William,  died  at  llumney,N.  II., 
in  1842,  aged  87;  a  llevolutionary  pensioner,  one 
of  the  first  settlers  of  the  town,  and  its  represent- 
ative in  the  general  court. 

PllESTON,  JaMLS  p.,  colonel,  governor  of  Va., 
died  at  Smithficld  in  1843,  aged  08.  Wounded 
at  Chrystler's  field  in  the  war  of  1812,  he  was 
maimed  for  life. 

PllESTON,  Amauiah,  Dr.,  a  remarkable  man, 
died  at  the  house  of  his  son  in  Lexington,  Mass., 
Oct.  29,  1853,  aged  nearly  95.  His  father  died 
at  the  age  of  95  in  Connecticut.  He  was  born 
in  Uxbridge,  and  enlisted  in  the  army  in  1777 
for  three  years ;  then  studied  medicine  with  Dr. 
Jabez  Brown  of  Wilmington ;  afterwards  practised 
physic  forty  years  in  Bedford.  In  his  old  age,  in 
consequence  of  an  indorsement,  he  lost  his  house 
and  all  his  property ;  his  wife  died,  and  other  af- 
flictions came  upon  him.  His  business  failed; 
and  in  1832  he  removed  to  Plymouth,  where  his 
son  Dr.  Hervey  N.  Preston  lived.  But  his  son 
died  in  1837,  when,  in  poverty,  the  old  man  of 
eighty  resolved  to  commence  life  anew.  Selling 
some  furniture,  he  jirovided  for  his  board  for  one 
month,  and  entered  again  upon  the  medical  prac- 
tice, which  soon  became  lucrative,  so  that  he  laid 
up  3,000  or  4,000  dollars,  and  aguia  retired. 


Such  enterprise  in  an  old  man  has  seldom  boon  wit- 
nessed ;  even  in  Ills  last  years  he  wcrUi'd  willi  Km 
hands, l)eing  an  ingenious  nu'cliaiiie.  As  a  C'liiis- 
tiaii  he  was  emini'ut  ;  a  zealous  iji-ofcssor  during 
the  ministry  of  Mr.  Stearns  in  liedfind,  he  died 
a  member  of  the  church  in  Plynioutii.  To  a 
friend  he  said:  "  You  mean  to  lie  a  good  man, 
but  you  are  deluded ;  you  can  never  get  to  lieav<'li 
excejit  through  the  blood  of  Chri>t ;  vou  must 
have  re])eiitance  and  you  must  have  faith."  His 
own  end  was  peace. 

PllESTON,  WiLLAUD,  D.  D.,  president  of 
Vermont  university,  died  at  Savannah  suddenly 
of  a  paralysis  of  the  heart,  April  20,  1850,  aged 
nearly  71.  Born  in  Uxbridge,  he  graduated  at 
lirown  luiiversity  in  1800,  and  jiraclised  law  iu 
Providence.  He  was  then  the  minister  of  the 
third  church  in  P.  from  1810  to  1820  ;  next  of  St. 
Albans,  and  president  of  the  uiiivei^ity.  He 
removed  to  Georgia  in  1829.  In  1831  he  became 
jiastor  of  an  Independent  church  in  Savannah,  in 
which  oIKce  he  coiilinued  till  his  death.  He  was 
a  faithful  and  exiielleiit  minister,  i'earlessly  he 
remained  with  his  people  during  the  scourge  of 
the  yellow  fever  in  1854,  visiting  the  sick  and 
afilieted, —  even  the  dark  night  saw  him  with  a 
lantern  in  his  hand  on  his  errand  of  mercy. 
Ministers  of  various  denominations  attended  his 
funeral.  He  jjublished  a  farewell  sermon  at  St. 
Albans,  1815;  a  sermon  at  Brooklyn,  1817. 

PRICE,  llooKli,  Ej)iscoi)al  minister  in  Boston, 
was  rector  of  King's  chajiel  from  1729  to  1746. 
S.  Myles  was  his  predecessor;  Dr.  H.  Caner  suc- 
ceeded him. 

PRICE,  IIICIIAIU),  I).  I).,  a  friend  of  American 
liberty,  was  born  in  Wales,  Feb.  22,  1723,  the  son 
of  a  Calvinistic  minister.  He  was  educated  at  an 
academy  near  London.  In  1757  he  became  the 
jiastor  of  a  dissenting  congregation  at  Newington 
Green,  and  in  1709  the  pastor  at  Hackney.  In 
his  religious  .'sentiments  he  was  an  Arian.  Ho 
died  March  19,  1791,  aged  07.  His  ne])how, 
William  Morgan,  wrote  his  life  and  described  his 
excellent  character.  He  jiublished  a  review  of 
the  pnncipal  questions  in  morals  ;  four  disserta- 
tions ;  observations  on  annuities,  etc. ;  discussion 
concerning  materialism  and  necessity,  in  a  corre- 
siiondence  with  Dr.  Priestley ;  two  volumes  of 
sermons.  His  works,  which  jjrocured  for  him 
great  respect  in  America,  were  observations  on 
civil  liberty  and  the  justice  of  the  war  with 
America,  1770;  additional  observations,  1777; 
importance  of  the  American  llevolution  and  the 
means  of  making  it  useful  to  the  world,  1784. 

PRICE,  JoNAiii/VN  D,,  a  physician  and  a  Bap- 
tist missionary  to  Burmah,  died  Feb.  14,  1828. 
He  was  ordained  in  Philadelphia  May  20,  1821. 
lie  arrived  early  in  the  next  year  at  Rangoon, 
where  his  wife  died  May  2d.  When  liis  medical 
character  was  known  at  coiu't,  he  was  ordered  by 


G80 


I'llICE. 


PRIESTLEY. 


the  kinj»  to  ropnir  to  Avn,  where  ho  was  intro- 
duced to  the  kinfj,  wliognve  him  n  house.  Wheu 
the  ISritisli  invaded  liurmah,  lie  nnd  Mr.  JudHon 
were  thrown  into  j)rison,  June  8,  1821.  He  wuh 
confined  nnd  suliject  to  dreadful  sufferings  till 
Feh.  or  March,  1820,  when  he  was  released,  nnd 
employed  to  negotiate  a  treaty  with  the  British, 
who  hud  advanced  near  to  the  capital.  After  the 
war  he  resided  at  Ava,  in  the  favor  of  tlie  em- 
peror j  ho  engaged  in  the  tuition  of  several  schol- 
ars; and  hy  his  lectures  hoped  to  Hhake  the 
foundation  of  lioodhism.  But  he  fell  a  victim  to 
a  pulmonary  consumption. 

PIIICE,  John,  a  minister,  died  in  Talbot  co., 
Maryland,  in  1831,  aged  75. 

PIUCE,  C.  M.,  general,  died  at  Jackson,  Miss., 
Dec.  20,  ISiiO.  lie  was  ten  years  editor  of  the 
Missisi|)|)ian. 

PllIDGEX,  "WiLMAM,  died  in  Bladen  county, 
N.  C,  Oct.  14,  1840,  aged  12.'}.  lie  was  a  soldier 
of  tho  llevolution,  and  a  pensioner.  His  sight 
had  been  lost  for  a  few  years,  !)ut  he  retained  his 
mentid  faculties.    He  left  one  son. 

PRIEST,  ]  )i;GonY,  one  of  the  first  Plymouth 
pilgrims,  died  Jan.  1,  1G21. 

PRIESTLEY,  JosKPii,  I).  D.,  an  eminent 
philosopher  and  voluminous  writer,  died  Pel). 
6,  1804,  aged  70.  He  was  horn  at  Fieldhead,  in 
Yorkshire,  England,  March  24,  1733.  His  father 
was  a  cloth-dresser.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he 
had  acquired  in  the  schools  to  which  he  had  been 
sent,  and  by  the  aid  of  private  instruction,  a  good 
knowledge  of  Greek,  Latin,  and  Hebrew,  French, 
Italian,  and  German ;  he  hud  also  begun  to  read 
Arabic,  and  Icnrned  Clialdce  and  Syriac.  With 
these  attainments  and  others  in  mathematics, 
natural  philosojjhy,  and  morals,  he  entered  the 
academy  of  Daventry  under  Dr.  Ashworth  in 
1752,  with  a  view  to  tho  Christian  ministry.  Here 
he  spent  three  years.  The  students  were  referred 
to  books  on  both  sides  of  every  question,  and  re- 
quired to  abridge  the  most  important  works. 
The  tutors,  Mr.  Ashworth  and  Mr.  Clark,  being 
of  different  opinions,  and  the  students  being 
divided,  subjects  of  dispute  were  continually  dis- 
cussed. He  had  been  educated  in  Calvinism, 
and  in  early  life  he  suffered  great  distress  from 
not  finding  satisfactory  evidence  of  the  renova- 
tion of  his  mind  by  the  Spirit  of  God.  He  had 
a  great  aversion  to  ])lays  and  romances.  He  at- 
tended a  weekly  meeting  of  young  men  for  con- 
versation and  prayer.  But,  before  ho  went  to  the 
academy,  he  became  an  Arminian,  though  he  re- 
tained the  doctrine  of  the  trinity  and  of  the 
atonement.  At  the  academy  he  embraced  Ari- 
anism.  Perusing  Hartley's  metaphysical  works, 
he  was  fixed  in  the  belief  of  the  doctrine  of  ne- 
cessity. In  1755  he  became  assistant  minister  to 
the  Independent  congregation  of  Needlmm  Mar- 
ket in  Suffolk,  upon  a  salary  of  forty  pounds  a 


yenr.  Falling  under  the  stisjiicion  of  Arinnism, 
he  became  in  1758  jiasfor  of  a  coiigrcgalidn  ut 
Xantwich  in  Cheshire,  where  he  reniuir.i d  lliicc 
years,  being  not  only  minister  but  schoolninstcr. 
In  1701  he  removed  to  AVarrington  as  tutar  in 
the  belles  lettres  in  the  academy  there.  In  1707 
ho  acce])ted  the  pastoral  office  at  Leeds.  Here, 
l)y  reading  Lavdner's  letter  on  the  I,ogos,  he  be- 
came a  Socinian.  In  1773  ho  went  to  live  with 
the  Marquis  of  Lansdowne  as  librarian,  or  literary 
companion,  with  a  salary  of  250  pounds  a  year. 
During  a  connection  of  seven  years  with  his  lord- 
ship ho  visited  in  liis  company  France,  Holland, 
and  some  parts  of  Germany.  He  then  liecame 
minister  of  Birmingham.  At  length,  when  sev- 
eral of  his  friends  celebrated  the  French  revolu- 
tion, July  14,  1791,  a  mob  collected  and  set  fire 
to  tlio  dissenting  meeting-houses,  and  several 
dwelling-houses  of  dissenters,  and  among  others 
to  that  of  Dr.  Priestley.  He  lost  his  lil)rary,  and 
was  forced  to  take  refuge  in  the  metrojjolis.  Ho 
was  chosen  to  succeed  Dr.  Price  at  Hackney,  nnd 
was  a  lecturer  in  the  dissenting  college  of  that 
place.  But,  the  public  aversion  to  him  being 
strong,  ond  his  sons  emigrating  to  the  United 
States,  he  followed  them  in  April,  1794.  He 
settled  at  Northumberland,  a  town  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, about  one  hundred  and  thirty  miles  iurlh- 
wcst  of  Philadelphia.  In  this  city  for  two  or 
three  winters  after  his  arrival  he  delivered  lec- 
tures on  the  evidences  of  Christianity.  He  died 
in  calmness,  and  in  the  full  vigor  of  his  mind. 
He  dictated  some  alterations  in  his  manuscri])ts 
half  an  hour  before  his  death.  He  was  amiable 
and  affectionate  in  the  intercourse  of  private  and 
domestic  life.  Few  men  in  modern  times  have 
written  so  much,  or  with  such  facility ;  yet  he 
seldom  spent  more  than  six  or  eight  hours  in  a 
day  in  any  labor  which  required  much  mental  ex- 
ertion. A  liabit  of  regularity  extended  itself  to 
all  his  studies.  Ho  never  read  a  book  without 
determining  in  his  own  mind  when  he  would 
finish  it  i  und  at  tho  beginning  of  every  year  he 
arranged  the  jjlan  of  liis  literary  pursuits  and 
scientific  researches.  He  labored  under  a  great 
defect,  wliicli,  however,  was  not  a  very  consider- 
able imj)ediment  to  his  progress.  He  soraetinu's 
lost  all  ideas  both  of  persons  and  things,  with 
which  he  had  been  conversant.  He  always  did 
immediately  what  he  had  to  perform.  Though 
he  rose  early  and  dispatched  his  more  serious 
pursuits  in  the  morning ;  yet  he  was  as  well 
qualified  for  mental  exertion  at  one  time  of  the 
day  as  at  another.  All  seasons  were  equal  to 
him,  early  or  late,  before  dinner  or  after.  He 
could  also  write  without  inconvenience  by  the 
parlor  fire  with  his  wife  and  children  about  him, 
and  occasionally  talking  to  them.  In  his  family 
he  ever  maintained  the  worship  of  God.  As  a 
schoolmaster  and  professor  he  was  indefatigable. 


PRIESTLEY. 


ritixcK. 


C81 


With  rcupect  to  his    religious    Rcntimcnts    5. is 
iiiiiid  iiiitlerwcnt  n  luiinlicr  of  revolutions;  Imt  ho 
difd  in  the  Sociiiiiin  failti,  whicii  ho  had  many 
ycarK  RUi'i)ortcd.     He  [iosschkos  a  liij^li  ro])uta- 
tion  ttH  a  pliilosoiihor,  particularly  as  a  chemist. 
C'omtnoneing  his  chemical  career  in  1772,  ho  d; 
more  for  chemistry  in  two  years  than  had  been 
done  hy  any  of  his  jjrcdcccssors.     lie  discovered 
the  existence  of  vital  or  do])hlogisticated  air,  the 
oxvfjen   K!>»   "f  *he   Frcncli   nomenclature,    and 
other  kinds  of  aeriform   fluids,     Ho  olways  ad- 1 
hcred   to   the  old  doctrine  of   Stahl  rospcctinj; 
ijhlogiston,  tliough  the  whole  scientific  world  luul ' 
rejected  it.     But  his  versatile  mind  could  not  he 
confined   to   one   subject.     He  was  not   only  a 
chemist,  but  on  eminent  metaphysician.     Ho  was 
n  materialist  and  necessarian.     Ho  maintained 
that  all  volitions  are  the  necessary  result  of  pre- 
vious circumstances,  the  will  boiiif?  always  };ov- 
cini'd  by  motives ;  and  yet  ho  opj)osed  the  Cul- 
vinistic  doctrine  of  predestination.     The  basis  of 
his  necessarian  theory  was  Hartley's  observations 
on  man.    The  chart  of  history  used  in  France 
was  much  improved  by  him,  and    he  invented 
the  chart  of  biogniidiy,  which  is  very  useful.    Of 
his  numerous  publications  tlie  following  are  the 
principal:  a  treatise  on  English  grammar,  1701; 
on  the   doctrine  of  remission  ;    history  of  elec- 
tricity, 1707  ;  history  of  vision,  light,  and  colors  ; 
introduction  to  perspective,  1770;  harmony  of 
the  evangelists ;  address  to  masters  of  families 
on  prayer ;  experiments  on  air,  4  vols. ;  obser- 
vations on  education ;  lectures  on   oratory  and 
criticism  j  institutes  of  natural  and  revealed  re- 
ligion; a  reply  to   the   Scotch    metaphysicians, 
llcid,  Oswald,  and  Beattic  ;  disquisitions  on  mat- 
ter and  spirit,  1777  ;  history  of  the  corruptions 
of  Christianity ;  letters   to  IJishop  Newcome  on 
the  duration  of  Christ's  ministry;  corres])ondonce 
with  Dr.   Horseley  ;  •  liistory  of   early  opinions 
concerning  Jesus  Christ,  4  vols.,  1780;  lectures 
on  history  and  general  jjolicy ;  answers  to  Paine 
and  Volney ;  several  pieces  on  the  doctrine  of 
necessity,  in  the  controversy  with  Dr.  Price  ;  dis- 
courses on  the  evidences  of   revealed  religion, 
3  vols. ;   letters  to  a  philosophical   unbeliever ; 
discourses   on  various  subjects.     He   also  wrote 
many  defences  of  Unitarianism  and  contributed 
largely  to  the  theological  repository.    After  his 
arrival  in  this  country  he  published  a  comparison 
of  the  institutions  of  the   Mosaic  religion  with 
those  of  the  Hindoos  ;  Jesus  and  Socrates  com- 
pared ;  several  tracts  against  Dr.  Linn,  who  wrote 
against   the  preceding  pamphlet;    notes  on  the 
Scriptures,    4    vols. ;    history   of   the  Christian 
church,    G    vols. ;  several  pami)hlets  on    philo- 
sophical subjects,  and  hi  defence  of  the  doctrine 
of  phlogiston.     Dr.  Priestley's  life  was  jiublished 
in   1800  in  two  volumes.    The  memoirs  wore 
written  by  himself  to  the  year  1787,  and  a  short 
86 


continuation   by   his   own  hand  brings   them  to 
17!«. 

I'UBIK,  r.m-.MZi.K,  minister  of  Huntington, 
Long  Isbuid,  sixty  yo;i.>,  died  in  l"7'.l,  n^ed  70. 
He  graduated  at  Yali'  college  iu  1718.     Ho  was 
•e  grandtUllier  of  N.  S.  Prime. 
PUIMK,  X.\TiiA.Mi;i.  S(  ii)iii;n,  D.  D.,  died  at 
Mamaroneck,  near  New  York,   March  27,  IH.jO, 
aged  7(1.     He  was  buried  at  tiie  eenielery  of  tho 
evergreens.     Ho   was    a    native  of  Huntington, 
L.  1.,  where  his  father,  Benjamin  Young  P.imc, 
M.  D.,  was  a  very  distinguished   j)liysician   and 
scholar.     For  fourteen  years  he  was  the  minister 
of  the  cbureh  of  Cambridge,  \,  Y,     His  sister, 
relict  of  S,  J.  Welmore,  died  May  20, 1811,  aged 
77,  in  New  York,     Dr,  P,  had  tho  happiness  of 
licing  the   father  of  worthy  sons,  two  of  them 
ministers  and  one  the  principal  editor  of  the  New 
Y'ork  Observer  ;  one  a  physician  ;  and  one  a  law- 
yer now  travelling  in  the  east ;  and  a  daughter 
married  to  A,  P.  Cummings,  one  of  the  editors 
of  the  New  Y'ork  Observer.     He  published  tho 
history  of  Long  Island,  an  claljorate  work. 

PIUMF,,  N.vniAMKi,,  an  eminent  merchant  in 
Now  Y'ork,  of  tho  house  of  Prime,  "Ward,  King 
and  Co.,  died  cm  the  shore  of  Fast  liiver  in  1840. 
PIUXCK,    Tho.mas,    governor    of   Plymouth 
colony,  died  at  Plymouth  March  29,  1073,  aged 
72.     Ho  was  a  native  of  England,  and  arrived  at 
Plymouth  in   1021;  he  wrote  his  name  Prence. 
He  was  first  chosen  governor  in  1034.    Being 
appointed  an  assistant  the  next  year,  he  con- 
tinued in   this  office,  except  in  the  year  1038, 
when  he  was  chosen  governor,  till  the  death  of 
Mr.  Bradford  in  10j7.    At  this  time,  as  a  dispo- 
sition prevailed  in  the  colony  to  discountenance 
regular  ministers  by  giving  the  ])reference  to  tho 
girts  of  the  private  brethren,  it  was  thought  that 
his  re-election  to  the  office  of  governor  would 
prevent  tho  church  from  being  overwhelmed  with 
ignorance,  and  it  proved  highly  beneficial  to  tho 
interests   of   religion.     He   was   governor  from 
1057  to  1072.     He  had  been  living  at  Nauset  or 
Eastham,  of  which  town  hi'  was  one  of  the  first 
planters  in  1014 ;    l)ut  after  being  chosen  gov- 
ernor he  removed  to  Plymouth.     He  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Mr.  Winslow.     His  second  wife,  mar- 
ried in  103  j,  was  Mary  Collier,  whose  .•lister  Eliza- 
beth  married  Constant   Soulhworth ;    his  third 
wife  was  Mary,  the  widow  of  Samuel  Freeman, 
whom  he  married  in  1002.     He  was  a  man  of 
great  worth    and  piety,  and   eminently  qualified 
for  his  station.     Strict  in  his  religious  opinions, 
he  zealously  opposed  those  whom  he  believed  to 
be    heretics,    particularly   the   Quakers.    As    a 
nuigistrate,  such  was  his  care  to  be  imjjartial,  that 
if  any  person  who  had  a  cause  in  court  sent  a 
present  to  his  family  during  his  absence,  he  im- 
mediately on  being  informed  of  it  returned  its 
value  in  money.     Though  his  abilities  had  not 


682 


PRINCE. 


liMNCE. 


been  much  im])rovc(l  I)y  rdiiration,  lie  wns  tlic  j  lie  w;i»  rnuly  to  f()r;,'!v('  ii  juries,  niid  rrtiirn  ffdml 
friend  of  icarniiifj.  In  opposition  to  the  clamors  for  evil,  liy  tiie  f,'rnco  of  (iod  he  was  piialilcd 
of  the  iffnorant  lie  proturi'il  ri'vi-nucs  for  the  Hup-  to  i)rt'H(>rvt'  a  cnlnmrsH  of  mind  undiT  vcrytrjififf 
port  of  grammar  Hchools  in  tlio  colony.  —  .l/^(/-    events.     "When   heavy  adiictions  were  hiid  uioii 


nalin,  u.  0,  7. 


liim,    he  (lisjijayed    exein]  hiry  siiliniission   to  the 


I'UINC'K,  Thomas,  ministrr  in    Iloston,  died    will  of  Ciod.     'I'iiotijjh  lie  was  a  h-ari-.i  d  ini\n,aiid 


Oct.  1.'2,  lloH,  afjed  71.  llewaN  the  fointli  son 
of  Samuel  I'rinee  of  Sandwich,  and  f,'randson  of 
Elder  John  Prince  of  Hull,  who  came  to  this 
country  in  lOU.'J,  and  was  tlie  son  of  Jlev.  John 
P.  of  East  Shefford  in  Herkshire.     He  was  horn 


WHS  uncommonly  dili^iciit  in  study, yet  he  rili^iml 
the  comforts  and  failliAilly  dis(liar;,'ed  tiu>  duties 
of  domestic  life.  It  was  no  small  ]iart  of  his 
lahor  to  imjiress  on  his  children  a  sense  of  reli- 
f,'ion,  nnd  he  had  llic  lini)piness  of  Kceiiif;  nil  his 


nt  Sandwich  May  LO,  l(i.S7,  and  was  (graduated  ^  offsprin;;  walkin;;  in  the  truth.  His  wile,  Dclo- 
nt  Ilorvard  college  in  1707.  Ilavin^f  determined  rah  Denny,  survived  iiim,  and  died  June  1,  ITtKJ. 
to  visit  Europe,  he  sailed  for  England  .\])ril  1,  'I'he  only  child  who  survived  him  was  Sarah,  who 
1709.  For  some  years  ho  preached  at  Comhs  in  in  17.jy  married  Mr.  Gill,  afterwards  Heutenant- 
Suffolk,  where  ho  was  earnestly  invited  to  con-  '  governor,  and  died  without  ehihlren  in  August, 
tinuc,  hut  his  attachment  to  his   native  country    1771. 

was  too  strong  to  be  resisted.  He  arrived  at  J  Mr.  Prince  began  in  170.'},  while  at  college,  and 
Boston  July  20,  1717,  and  was  ordained  pastor   continued  more  than   fifty  years,  a    collection  of 


of  the  old  south  church,  as  colleague  with  Dr. 
Sewall,  his  classmate,  Oct.  1,  1718.  In  this  sta- 
tion his  fine  genius,  imj)roved  by  diligent  study, 
polished  by  an  extensive  acquaintance  with  man- 
kind, and  employed  to  the  noblest  jjurjioses  of 
life,  rendered  him  an  ornament  to  his  ])rofcssion, 
and  a  rich  blessing  to  the  church.  In  his  last 
sickness  lie  exj)resscd  a  deep  Rens(?  of  his  sinful 


public  and  private  jiapers  relating  to  tiie  civil  and 
religious  history  of  New  I^ngland.  His  collec- 
tion of  manuscrijjts  he  left  to  the  care  of  the  old 
south  church ;  and  they  were  de])osited  in  im 
aparfment  of  the  meeting-house,  with  a  vahiaMe 
libra  ,  of  books  which  he  had  established,  under 
thi;  iiririe  of  the  New  Ivngland  library.  ]5ut  the 
manuscripts   were  jnincipally  destroyed  by  the 


ncss,  and  a  desire  of  better  evidence  that  he  was    llriilsh  during  the  war,  and  thus  many  iniix-r- 

' tant  facts  relating  to  the  history  of  this  countrv 

are  irrecoverably  h)st.  The  books  yet  remain, 
and  have  l)ecn  dej)osited  in  the  historical  librnrv. 
He  ])ublished  an  account  of  the  first  a])])earancc 
of  the  aurora  borcalis  J  a  sermon  at  thanksgivin", 
1717;  at  his  own  ordination,  1718;  an  account 
of  the  English  ministers  at  Martha's  Vinevaid, 
annexed  to  Mayhcw's  Indian  converts,  17l'7  ; 
election  sermon,  17.'{0;  on  the  day  of  ])rayer  for 
the  choice  of  a  minister,  1732;  on  the  death  of 
George  I.,  1727  ;  of  Cotton  Mather,  and  Samuel 
Prince,  his  father,  1728;  a  sermon  en  the  arrival 
of  the  governor,  1728;  on  the  dejiih  of  Samuel 
Sewall,  1730;  Daniel  Oliver  and  Daniel  Oliver, 
Jun.,  1732;  Mrs.  Oliver,  1735;  Mary  IJclchcr, 
173G;  Nathaniel  Williams,  1738;  Mrs.  Deborah 
Prince,  1711;  Thomas  Cushing,  174G;  Martha 
Stoddard,  1748;  the  Prince  of  AVales,  IToI; 
Hannah  Fayerweather,  17*35;  Edward  lironilield 
and  Josiah  Willard,  175G;  a  chronological  his- 
tory of  Now  England  in  the  form  of  annals, 
12mo.,  1736,  and  three  numl  i-s  of  the  second 
volume  in  1755.  In  this  work  it  was  his  inten- 
tion to  give  a  summary  account  of  transactions 
and  occurrences  relating  to  this  country,  from  the 
discovery  of  Gosnold  in  1C02  to  the  arrival  of 
Governor  Belcher  in  1730,  but  he  brought  the 
history  down  only  to  1G33.  He  spent  much  time 
upon  the  introductory  ei)itome,  which  begins  at 
the  creation.  Had  he  confined  himself  to  New 
England,  and  finished  his  work,  it  would  have 
been  of  incalculable  value.    He  published  also  an 


fit  to  dwell  in  heaven.  When  his  speech  failed 
him,  as  he  was  asked  whether  he  was  submissive 
to  the  Divine  will,  and  could  commit  his  soul  to 
the  care  of  Jesus,  he  hftcd  up  his  hand  to  cx])ress 
his  resignation,  and  confidence  in  the  Saviour. 
From  his  youth  he  had  been  influenced  by  the 
fear  of  God.  He  was  an  eminent  •r'>achor,  for 
his  sermons  were  rich  in  thought,  ocrspicuous 
and  devotional,  and  he  inculcated  the  doctrines 
and  duties  of  religion  as  one  who  felt  their  im- 
portance. The  original  languages,  in  which  the 
Scriptures  were  written,  were  familiar  to  him.  In 
the  opinion  of  Dr.  Chauncy  no  one  in  New  Eng- 
land had  more  learning,  except  Cotton  Mather. 
Firmly  attached  to  the  faith  once  delivered  to 
the  saints,  he  was  zealous  for  the  honor  of  his 
Divine  Master.  He  was  anxious  to  preserve  suit- 
able disciijline  in  the  church,  that  those  who  had 
been  guilty  of  open  sins  might  be  reclaimed, 
and  that  the  name  of  Christian  might  be  pre- 
served from  reproach.  He  mourned  over  the 
degeneracy  of  the  New  En^,land  churches  both 
in  doctrhio  and  practice.  AMien  Mr.  Wliitefield 
visited  this  country  in  1740,  Mr.  Prince  received 
him  with  open  arms,  and  was  always  his  friend. 
He  always  respected  that  Christian  benevolence, 
which  animated  the  eloquent  itinerant ;  and  he 
was  grateful  for  those  labors  which  were  so  emi- 
nently useful  to  his  pco])le  and  the  town  of  Bos- 
ton. In  private  life  he  was  amiable  and  exem- 
plary. It  was  his  constant  endeavor  to  imitate 
the  perfect  example  of  his  Master  and  Lord. 


PRINCE. 

nccmiiit  of  the  revival  of  rcliftion  in  /'^  •         n  ' 
llic  Cliii^liiin  history,  1711;  ii  scriiiDii  ni,  ' 
til'   near   ('iillodcii,   iiiiil    tiic    (lislriictloii    .>i     m 
Miiniiiiif   l)'An\illi"N  Kciuiulroii  ;    a    llKiiikK(;iviii(^ 
Hcriiioi)  on   the  laiviii;;   of    I.ouisl.iir;,',    ITItIi    ii 


rnotDFiT. 


fiP' 


nnil  mtM      .licnl  jilul, 
mcni«  ill     f  uir-|iiiiii 
liani  l~     .  iiixi,   cull 
i|iii'alli<il  11  llirni) 
to  the  iiKc  of  tlif  I, 


"ll  J.  Ilr  mad'  iiij  r.>\«N. 
-t  imnuilr  •  C.W,  I  p. 
•  "•?}*»,  v*  )U  1.0- 

"Wn  of  Im    .^i-nh-    He 


tlirtiilix;,MviiiK  Ncnnoii  for  rf\i\iii;,'  ruins,  after  tlic    iMililislicd  a  fast  M-ri.    ii,  ITWi  to     ->iWfiil'!n  no- 
(lisiri'ssiiiK    (iroiiKlit,    17»!»i  tlic    New    l'.Mj;laiMr  cicty,  IH(I(I  i  on  tlir  ,|,  ..ili  of  Dr.  U...  ...wd,  JNl-l ; 

]).salm-liooiv  revised  and  imiirovid.  IT.'jS.  AfKr  iMlorc  llic  iiililr  mm  um  .  I  •- '•!. 
liis  (Icalii,  ])r.  Joliii  I'.rskiiic  of  i;aiiil)in),'li  iml.-  I'lllNCI",  ()I.IVI:k  II..  .lied  On.  H,  \H'M  -,  lont 
liflifd  from  iiis  inanuscrijits  six  scniiniis,  the  last  I  Willi  diic  liiii.dr('(|  ollii'rs  in  tlic  wruk  of  llio 
of  which  was  occasioned  liy  the  death  of  his  sun,  [  Meanilioat  llotne.  near  Oeraeoeke.  He  had  lieen 
TlionirtH  I'rincc.  —  iris»»e/',f  Hist,  of  (Mil  Smith  ;  •  a  ineinl.er  of  the  I'liited  .States  senate  from  (ieor- 
Siini',ri'''K  A>iniili>.  I  (-ill.     lie  was  at  IIonImii  dnrliii,'  the  siinimer,  edit- 

I'lUNCK,  Tli(iM.\s,  son  of  the  prcmlhif,'.  was    inj;  tlic  lu«s  of  (i(  nrxia,  then  in  the  j.ress. 
liorn  Kcl).  -'■.  nii'-';  gradiialed   at   Harvard  col-'      I'ltlNCI',,  Wii.iiam,  died   at   I'lushin^',  X.Y., 
le^'u  in  171(1;  and   died  in  Oetoher,  I7I.S,   !i;,'ed    .\]iril<),  IspJ,  njrrd  7(;.     As  the  ciilerinlMiif,' i)ro- 


2(1.     Ho  died  in  Christian   jieaee,  a.s  did   also  hi'- 

three  sisters,  Deliorah,  1711 ;  Mercy,  17.J2  ;  Mrs 

Sarah  (iill,  1771.     The  dyiii),'  exercises  of  Delio- 

rah  and   devout  meditations  of  Mr.s.  (iill  wen 

puMished  at  I'.dinlmrgh,  HN,-).     .Mr.  ]'.  ]iuljlishc(r  in  17I.''.  and  came    to 

the  Christian  history,  a  jieriodical  accoimt  of  re- 1  last  three  ycar.M  he  hai 


[irietor  of  a  l>oiaMi<'  (,'arden  and  luir.scry,  he  was 
loni;  a  iniMIc  licnefiictur. 

I'KlNCI'.l.Y,    I'liii.il',   (lied   at  Northampton 

SepI,  II,  IS,",,"),  aged  110.     He  was  liorn  in  Ireland 

\.  alioui  17k(i.    Till  thu 

voteil  at  the  town  mcct- 


ligion,  hrginning  March  ii,  111,],  in  2  vols.,  Hvo.,  j  ings.     He  left  a  son  in  .N. 
17-ll-l'J'J.  riHOl.l'.AU,  I'.l.iA.s,  a  ministrr,  the  foimdcr 

riUXCH,  Nathan,   a  distinguished    scholar,   of  a  very  respect  aide   family  in  .South  Carolino, 
the  lirother   of  llev.  Thomas   1'.,  died  July  'Jo,   came  to  this  country  soon  after  the  rcvociition  of 
171S,  aged  about  .W.     He  was  graduated  at  liar-    the  edict  of  Nantes  in  Kls.V     He  was  the  grand- 
son  of  .\ntlioiiie    1'.,  elected   doge  of  Venice  in 


yard  college  in  171H.     He  was    chosen    tutor  in 
17J.'{,  and  fellow  in    17157;  hut  h<3  was  removed 
in   17l'_'.     He  in  consc(picnce  jiulilisheil  an  ac- j 
count  of  the  constitution  and  government  of  liar-, 
vard  college  from  its  first  foundation  in    Hi.'Ui  to 
the  voar  1742,  in  which  he  endeavored  to  jjrove 


KilS.  A  theolfigian  of  the  name  of  P.  died  in 
1731.  Samuel  1'.  died  in  17!)L',  aged  7'l.  ])r.  P. 
was  a  gran(ls(ni,  living  in  ISO!).  j\mong  the  other 
I'reiich  names  in  South  Carolina,  wereltordcaux, 
])u  I'oni,  (iaillard,  linger,  J. egare, Laurens,  Mar- 


that  the   general   court   had   the  side  power  of  ;  ion,  and  Simons. 

dismissing  memhers  of  the  coriioratioii,  and  are  |      PUITCHAUI),  Hl'.NJAMlN  B.,  the  Kent  giant, 

the  only  visitors  of  the  college.     In  this  win-k  he  |  died   in    Montgomery  county,  N.  Y.,   June  30, 

also  complains  of  the  management  of  the  treasury,    1H;5,j.     His  weight  was  live  hundred  and  twcnty- 

and  reprobates  the   injustice  which   he  believes  .  live  jiounds. 

vv.iHdcme  in  arranging  the  students  in  theelasses,  |      I'llOCTOU,  Johnson,  captain,  a  Revolution- 

and  their  names  in  the  catalogue,  .tccording  to  |  ary  patriot,  died  at  DnnversNov.  11,  18 Jl,  aged 

the  dignity  or  worth  of  their  comiections.     He    K(i.     He  was  a  nuiii  of  industry  and  integrity. 

I'or  his  last  ten  years  he  was  blind. 
PUOL'l),  lloni.iiT,  a  historian,  died  July   7, 

LSI.'!,  aged  Ho,     He  was  born  in  Yorkshire,  Kng- 


had  before  his  removal  refused  to  assist  in  this 
arrangement.  The  alphabetical  disposition  of 
the  names  was  not  made  till  1773.  Mr.  I'rince 
once  liad  a  deep-rooted  aversion  to  the  I'.piscopal '  land.  May  10, 17-H,  and  in  January,  1759,  arrived 


church;  but  after  his  dismission  he  took  orders. 
He  died  at  Uatlan  in  the  "West  Indies,  where  he 
was  a  minister.  lie  was  a  greater  malhematician 
and  i)hiloso])her,   and    a   much    better   classical 


at  Philadelphia,  where  he  lived  half  a  ccnturj'. 
I'or  many  years  he  was  a  teacher  in  a  school  of 
the  (Quakers.  In  the  Revolution  he  was  a  de- 
cided Royalist.     About  the  year  1791  he  devoted 


scholar  and  logician  than   his   brother;    and  is  [  himself  to  writing  his  history,  the  publication  of 


ranked  among  the  great  men  of  this  country. 
lie  published,  besides  the  book  mentioned,  an 
essay  to  solve  the  difficulties  attending  the  ac- 
counts of  the  resurrection,  1731. 

PRINCE,  John,  LL.  1).,  died  in  Salem  June 
7,  183(i,  aged  83.  Born  in  Boston  July  22, 1751, 
he  graduated  in  177G,  and  was  ordained  as  the 
minister  of  the  first  chiu'ch  in  Salem  in  1779,  so 
that  he  was  pastor  more  than  fifty-six  years.  He 
possessed  an  imcommon  knowledge  of  natural 


which  was  attended  with  ])eciniiary  loss.  lie  was 
tall ;  his  nose  was  Ronuiii.  with  "  most  impend- 
ing brows.  Domine  I'roud  wore  a  curled  gray 
wig,  and  a  half-cocked  ancient  hat.  lie  was  the 
model  of  a  gentleman." 

PKOUDl'lT,  Ai.KXANDi.n,  1).  D.,  died  at  his 
son's  house  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  April  17, 
1813,  aged  75.  He  was  for  many  years  the  faith- 
ful and  successful  pastor  of  the  church  in  Salem, 
N.  Y.,  being  a  colleague  with  his  father  from  1794 


684 


PROUDFOOT. 


pL-NniAnn. 


to  1802.  IIc<  wiiH  iiftcrwnrilH  tlic  Kocrpfury  of  the 
New  Yolk  fdldiilziitioii  soritly.  Ili'  wmn  an  rini- 
ni'titly  pioiiH,  r;iitliriil,  iiiiil  iiHcl'iil  iiiiniNtcr.  IIIn 
worliM  arc  iiihlrucliM',  and  wn'tlcii  in  n  fcrvi'iit 
iitylc  c)f  pii'l).  lie  iiiil)lisli<'(l  II  Hcrinon  ill  ordi- 
nalii)ii  of  II.  DaviM,  IHlOi  licfon'  ;\Tm>ri('aii 
hoiird,  I.SJUi  III  iiiHlallalioii  of. I.  rroiiiKlt,  IM'JS;  j 
ruin  niid  recovery  of  man,  I-'ino.,  IH0(1|  tlicolo- 
fficiil  work»,  -1  vols,,  li'ino.,  1H15.  —  Oliserver, 
June  10. 

ritOl'DFOOT,  AVii.i.iAM,  died  nt  London, 
Cnnadii  WcHl,  Jan.  1(1,  I S, j  I ,  ajjed  Oli,  |)rofi'!tNor 
of  theology  in  tin-  I'resliyteriaii  ciinrcli. 

I'UOVOO.sr,  Samiiii,",  I).  I).,  IjImIiop  of  New 
York,  died  ill  New  York  in  lHI,'i,  af^cd  ".').  Ho 
gradunted  at  CoIiinii)iii  eoiiei^e  in  the  flrNt  claNW 
in  1758.  lliN  imnio  in  Honu-timi'H  written  Provost, 
and  I'revoHt. 

I'lUDDKN,  Petkk,  the  flmt  minister  of  Mil- 
ford,  Conn.,  died  in  lO.JO,  a;{ed  M\.  He  was  liorn 
in  Herefordshire,  Ivijjland  ;  arrived  in  comjiany 
of  J.  Davenport  in  \(>'M ;  resided  for  Konio  lime 
at  ])edh;ini;  and  was  settled  at  M.  in  KilO.  IHh 
four  next  successors  were  U.  Newton,  S.  Andrew, 
8.  AVliiltJesey,  S.  Wales.  —  Farmei: 

I'liCDDlvV,  John,  supposed  to  liiive  been  the 
Bon  of  I'eter,  died  in  172.'),  a^ed  7)).  He  grad- 
uated ot  Harvard  in  1008;  woh  nettled  an  mi n- 
iNter  of  Jamaica,  L.  I,,  in  1(170,  and  thence 
removed  to  Newark,  N.  J.,  in  1002,  but  resigned 
his  charge  in  lO'Ji). 

rilLDDKN,  Jon,  the  minister  of  Milford, 
Conn.,  died  in  1774,  aged  about  61.  He  was  the 
pastor  of  the  second  church.  He  graduated  at 
Yale  in  1713. 

PllUHDKN,  NiciiKMiAil,  minister  of  Enfield, 
Conn.,  died  in  181,0,  uged  do.  Horn  in  Milford, 
ho  graduated  at  Yole  in  1775,  ond  was  ordained 
in  1782.  His  predecessors  were  N.  Collins,  P. 
lleynolds,  and  13.  Potter ;  his  successor  was  F. 
L.  llobbins.  He  jjublished  a  treatise  on  marry- 
ing a  sister  of  a  deceased  wife,  1811 ;  a  sermon 
to  a  missionary  society,  1815.  —  Hprague's  An- 
nals. 

PUFFER,  Reuben,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Berlin, 
Mass.,  died  April  0,  1829,  oged  73.  Horn  in 
Sudbury,  he  graduated  at  Horvard  in  1778.  In 
1781  he  was  ordained  in  Bolton,  south  parish, 
now  Berlin.  Ho  died  of  a  rheumatic  fever.  It 
is  remarkable  that  he  had  jjrepared  in  advance, 
for  preaching,  about  fifty  sermons.  By  his  first 
wife  he  had  thirteen  children ;  and  one  child  by 
his  second  wife.  He  was  a  man  of  dignity  and 
of  suavity,  acceptable  as  a  ])reacher,  orthodox  in 
his  faith.  When  he  preached  the  Dudleian  lec- 
ture at  Cambridge,  the  students  generously  pub- 
lished it  in  a  manner  to  furnish  a  sum  of  mrmcy 
to  the  preacher,  who  was  a  poor  man  with  a  large 
family,  living  on  a  salary  of  80  pounds,  lie 
published  the  election  sermon,  1803;   Dudleian 


Ipftiirr,  lH08i  ronventioii  xirmon,  l«1t;  nddrfmi 
on  fiiurlli  of  July  ;  two  seniioiiH  on  leaviii)^  the 
old  and  entering  the  new  meuting-hoiise,  — 
SitraijHi'n  AniKiU. 

Pl)l,.\.SKI,  eoiint,  lirigadjir-grnernl  in  the 
army  of  the  I'lilted  States,  died  October  II,  1770. 
Ili>  was  II  I'olinider  of  high  birth,  who  with  a 
few  men  in  1771  curried  olf  King  Stanislaus  frotn 
till)  iniddle  of  liin  rnpitni,  though  surrounded  witji 
II  nuinerouH  body  of  giinrilN  iind  a  Hussiun  arniv. 
The  king  soon  ('sca[ied  and  declared  Pulaski  an 
outlaw.  After  his  arrival  in  this  country  ho 
offered  his  services  to  congress,  ond  was  lionorcil 
v*ith  the  rank  of  brigadier-gi  tieral.  He  discov- 
ered the  greatest  intrepidity  in  an  engageineiit 
with  a  jiarty  of  the  llrilisl.  near  Chiirleston  in 
May,  1770.  In  the  assault  iijion  Savunnah,  Oct. 
Dili,  by  CJeii.  Lincoln  and  Count  l)'I'",staini;, 
I'lilaski  was  wonnded  at  the  head  of  two  huiidn  d 
horsemen,  as  he  was  gallojiing  into  the  town  wiih 
the  intention  of  charging  in  the  rear.  Congress 
resolved  that  a  monument  should  bo  erected  to 
his  memory. 

PU.MHAM,  sachem  of  Shawomet,  near  Provi- 
dence, ])ut  himself  in  1(M3  under  the  government 
of  .Massachusetts,  in  order  to  esca]ie  the  tyniiiny 
of  Miuntonomo.  The  government  of  Massadm- 
setts  made  u  grant  of  land  to  settlers  from  Brain- 
tree,  being  a  part  of  the  territory  relinquished  by 
Piimham.  —  FfU'a  Hist,  nf  New  Knijland. 

PUNCHABI),  Jon.N,  deacon,  died  at  Salom, 
MttsH.,  Feb.  13,  1857,  aged  neorly  04  years.  Be 
WHS  born  April  12,  1703,  in  Salem,  wliere  all  his 
jiatrrnal  ancestors  were  born  and  lived,  back  to 
William,  who  emigrated  to  that  town  ])revious  to 
1009.  His  father  was  Jomes,  a  shipmoster  niul  « 
jiatriot.  He  was  himself  a  volunteer  soldier  of 
the  Revolution,  and  was  probably  the  last  sur- 
vivor of  a  regiment  stationed  at  West  Point  at 
the  time  of  Arnold's  defection,  and  was  on  duty 
at  head-cjuarters  on  the  memorabh;  night  alter 
Andre  was  brought  in  a  prisoner.  At  the  expi- 
ration of  his  term  of  service  he  settled  in  Salem 
as  a  mechanic  j  but  by  his  industry,  intelligence, 
and  integrity  gradually  raised  himself  to  po.sitions 
of  trust  and  imi)ortancc  in  his  native  town, 
county,  and  State.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Tabernacle  church  in  Sulem  seventy-four  years, 
and  one  of  its  deacons  and  its  clerk  for  alxmt 
forty  years.  The  succession  of  ministers  in  this 
church  has  been  us  follows:  From  1771  to  IH.'M, 
N.  Whituker,  J.  Spaulding,  S.  Worcester,  K. 
Cornelius.  J.  P.  Cleaveland,  and  S.  M.  '\\'orccs- 
ter.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts niissionury  society,  and  its  treasurer  about 
thirty  years.  Ho  encouraged  the  various  enter- 
prises of  benevolence.  He  was  a  man  of  wisdom 
and  energy,  of  integrity  and  trustworthiness, 
and  of  unslacked  zeiil  in  doing  good,  sustaininj,'  a 
high  Christian  choractcr,  venerated  and  beloved 


rUNDEUSON. 

in  old  aR*  A«  tho  gnat  nim  nf  \nn  long  life  was 
to  jirinnotc  (iod's  Klory  in  liiitimii  li:i|i|)iin>»,  o«- 
iiiH-iall>  iliiit  liii|i|iim'»N  wliirli  is  iinpciisliiilili'  an 
nprinjjiiiK  •'•■"'"  •'"'  r«'<'''litii)ii  ot'  l)i\iiu'  iniili  into 
the  lirart,  wln>  it  lliiTf  nn.oiit;  ihr  ]ir()H|ipraiiN 
niprcliaiiti,  Hf"'"'  sdiolavN,  and  illiihtrioiis  jiin.sf» 
mid  KtatOHiiu'ii,  the  lioiiHt  of  Salem,  that  can  Niaiid 
liij;hrr  in  tla-  rstiinato  of  infinite  reason  and 
fr()oilne»N,  than  IIiIn  hiunliie,  zealous,  unwearied 
Cliristianl'  Itev.  (Ji'orKC  I'nnrhard,  the  aiitlinr 
of  two  valnalile  hooks,  a  view  of  eonjjre^atiotial- 
ism  and  a  liistory  of  Congregationalism,  in  his 
8on. 

I'UN'DKUSOX,  r.itr-NK/En,  Episcnpul  minister 
in  New  Haven,  died  in  l"(iJ,  aged  nhout  M.  He 
was  graduated  at  Yale  in  1720  j  was  settled  over 
a  new  ]ireeinct  in  Oroton,  Coini.,  from  IT'JO  to 
17;j(i!  had  the  charge  of  the  I'',pisc(ipal  society  in 
New  Haven  from  l"").')  to  17()L';  and  then  re- 
moved to  Itye.     He  was  siiccreded  liy  S.  I'almer. 

rL'N'DKIlSOX,  Thomas,  minister  of  llniiting- 
foii,  Conn.,  died  in  18 IH,  aged  ahont  (IJ.  Horn 
ill  New  Haven,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  IHOIj 
was  the  minister  of  the  second  church  in  I'itts- 
field,  Mass.,  from  1809  to  1817 ;  and  was  in- 
stalled at  H.  in  1818. 

rUUCHAS,  Sami;ki,,  a  minister  in  London, 
died  ahout  1028,  aged  CI.  He  puhlishcd  his 
l)ilgrimage,  or  relations  of  the  world,  five  vols., 
fol.,  liOndon,  16'U,  etc.  It  is  a  rare  aud  valuable 
collection  and  abridgment  of  travels. 

rUllCHASE,  Thomas,  the  owner  of  Pejep- 
scott.  Me.,  settled  there  in  the  third  year  of 
Charles  I.,  and  lived  there  till  the  war  just  liefore 
]C83.  His  deed  was  from  the  council  of  I'ly- 
mouth  in  England,  given  to  him  and  George 
AVay  of  Dorchester,  E.  His  heirs  sold  to  Kich- 
ard  Wharton  of  Boston. 

PUKKITT,  Henry,  colonel,  died  in  Boston 
March  3,  1846,  aged  91.  He  was  a  Revolution- 
ary soldier,  and  assisted  in  the  destruction  of 
tea  in  Boston. 

PURSH,  Frederic,  a  botanist,  was  born  at 
Tobolski  in  Siberia,  and  educated  at  Dresden. 
He  resided  in  this  country  from  1799  to  1811, 
em|)loyed  in  various  cxcur.slons  by  Mr.  Hamilton 
of  Philadelphia  and  Dr.  Hosack  of  New  York. 
On  gohig  to  England  in  1811  witli  a  collodion 
of  ])lants,  he  was  patro!iized  by  Sniilii  and  Banks, 
who  opened  to  him  their  botanical  stores.  After 
])ublisliing  his  book  in  IHll,  lie  returned  to 
America,  and,  while  engaged  in  collecting  mate- 
rials for  a  Canadian  ilora,  died  at  Montreal  Juno 
11,  1820,  aged  46.  He  published  a  valuable 
work,  flora  Aniericic  seplentrionalis,  or  the 
plants  of  North  America,  London,  8vo.,  1814. 

PUUVL\NCE,  Joii.N,  died  in  Baltimore  in 
1854,  aged  81,  nearly  thirty  years  a  judge  of  the 
county  court. 

PUSHMATAHA,  a  Choctaw  chief,  died   at 


riTNAM. 


CSS 


Washington  in  IS'.' I.  To  hi<i  Indian  -nrnpnoi-.n, 
he  said:  "I  >iiii|l  dj,.,  l,ut  y,„  v,i|,  return  tn  \oiir 
brcthi-eii.  A»  )..,i  go  iiloiig  the  paths  y«u  will 
see  the  lloweis  anil  hear  the  blrd'ii  but  I'ii»lmia- 
fain  will  see  them  and  hear  iheni  no  mi>rp. 
When  you  come  to  your  home,  they  will  ii>k  \uu. 
Where  is  Piishmalalia':'  aiid  jou  will  say  to  iliern. 
He  is  no  mine.  Thc\  «ill  iiei.r  the  liilinas  like 
the  Aouiid  of  the  fall  of  a  inighly  oak  in  the  still- 
ness  of  the  wimxI." 

PI;T\.\M,  Dami'I,.  first  minister  of  Ueinllng, 
Mass.,  died  in  1759,  aged  ()2.  Horn  in  Danviis, 
he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1717,  and  was  sellied 
ni  1720.     His  successor  was  \',.  Stone. 

PI  r.\.\M,  IsKAii,,  niiijor  gi  iieral  in  the  army 
r.f  the  I'liilid  States,  (lied  at  llrooklvn,  Cimn., 
.May  2!l,  17!M),  aged  72.  He  was  a  d'escenilant, 
like  all  of  the  name  in  New  I'.ngland,  front  .lohn 
Putnam,  who  came  from  llueki  "liaMishlre  to 
Salem   in    Id;) I   with    three    Kins,    i'lininiiH,   Na- 


thiiniel,  ami  John,     lie  was  born  in  Salem 

Jan.  7,  1718,     His  mind  was  vigorous  '  ' 

never  cultivated.     In  running,  Ici'. 

ling  he  almost  always  bore  awa 

17l!9  he   removed   to   Pomfict.  Conn.,  ,.■ 

cultivated  a  consideraiile  tract  of  land 


Mass., 

■•  was 

"I- 

h, 

ni>    lie 

He  had 

however  to  encounter  many  ilillioullies,  and 
among  1  !*  troubles  the  depiedatious  of  wolves 
njion  his  sheepfold  were  not  the  least.  In  one 
night  seventy  line  sheep  and  goats  were  killed. 
.\  she  wolf  being  considered  as  tho  jirincipal 
cause  of  the  havoc,  Mr.  Putnam  entered  into  a 
(  inibination  with  a  number  of  his  neighbors  to 
hunt  alternately,  till  they  should  destrov  her. 
.\t  length  the  hounds  drove  her  i.ito  her  den  in 
Pomlret,  and  several  ])ersoiis  soon  collected  with 
guns,  straw,  fire,  and  sulphur,  to  attack  the  com- 
mon enemy.  But  the  dogs  were  afraid  to  a])- 
]n-oach  her,  and  the  fumes  of  brimstone  could  not 
force  her  from  her  cavern.  It  was  now  ten 
o'clock  at  night.  Mr.  Putnam  jirojiosed  to  his 
black  servant  to  descend  into  the  cave  and  shoot 
the  wolf;  but,  as  the  negro  declined,  he  resolved 
to  do  it  himself.  Having  divested  himself  of  his 
coat  and  waistcoat,  and  having  a  long  rope  fast- 
ened round  his  legs,  by  which  he  miglit  be  jiulled 
back  at  a  concerted  signal,  ho  entered  tlic  cavern 
head  foremost  with  a  blazing  torch,  made  of  .strips 
of  bird;  bark,  m  his  hand.  He  descended  fifteen 
feet,  passed  aiong  horizontally  ten  feet,  and  then 
began  the  gradual  ascent,  which  is  sixteen  feet  in 
length.  He  slowly  jirocecded  on  his  hands  and 
knees  in  an  abode  which  was  silent  as  the  house 
of  death.  Cautiously  glancing  forwards  ho  dis- 
covered the  glaring  pyel)alls  of  the  wolf,  who 
started  at  the  sight  of  his  torch,  gnashed  her 
tooth,  and  gave  a  sullen  growl.  Ho  immediately 
kicked  the  rope,  and  was  drawn  out  with  a 
friendly  celerity  and  violence  which  not  a  little 
bruised  him.    Loading  his  gun  with  nine  buck- 


686 


PUTNAM. 


PUTNAM. 


shot,  and  carryinfr  it  in  one  hnnd,  while  lie  licld 
the  torcli  with  the  other,  lie  descended  a  second 
time.    As  he   aii])roiiched  the  wolf,  she  liowled, 
rolled  her  eyes,  .snapped  her  teeth,  dro])])cd  her 
head  lirlween  her  icf;s,  and  was  evidently  on  the 
point  of  s])vinj;in}i;  at  him.     At  this  moiTieut  he 
fired  at  her  iiead,  and  soon  found  himself  drawn 
out  of  the  cave,     llavinf^  refreshed  himself  he 
again   descended,  and  seizinj,'  the  wolf  hy  her 
ears,  kicked  the  ro])e,  and  his  companions  above 
with  no  small  exultation  dragrged  them  both  out 
together.     During  the  French  war  ho  was  ap- 
pointed   t)   command  a   comjiany   of   the   first 
troops  which  were  raised  in  Connecticut  in  1755. 
lie  rendered  much  service  to  the  army  in  tlu; 
neighborhood  of  Crown  ]'oint.     In    1750,  while 
near  Ticonderoga,  he  was  rej)eatedly  in  the  most 
imminent  danger.     He  escaped  in  an  adventure 
of  one  night  with  twelve  bullet-holes  in  his  blan- 
ket.    In  August  he  was  sent  out  with  several 
hundred  men  to  watch  the  motions  of  the  enemy. 
Being  ambuscaded  by  a  jjarfy  of  equal  numbers, 
a  general  but  irregular  action  took  place.     lie 
had  discharged  his  fusee  several  times,  but  at 
length  it  missed  fire,  while  its  muzzle  was  j)re- 
sented  to  the  breast  of  a  savage.    The  warrior 
with  his  lifted  hatchet  and  a  tremendous  war- 
whoop  compelled   him   to   surrender,  and  then 
bound  him  to  a  tree.     In  the  course  of  the  action 
the  parties  changed  their  position,  so  as  to  bring 
this  tree  directly  between  them.     The  balls  Hew 
by  him  incessantly;  many  struck  the  tree,  and 
some   passed  through  his   clothes.     The  enemy 
now  gained  possession  of  the  ground,  but,  being 
afterwards   driven  from  the  field,   they  carried 
their  prisoner  with  them.      At  night  he   was 
stript,  and  a  fire  was  kindled  to  roast  him  alive ; 
but  a  French  officer  saved  him.     The  next  day 
he  arrived  at  Ticonderoga,  and  thence  he  was 
carried  to  Montreal.    About  the  year  1759  he 
was  exchanged  through  the  ingenuity  of  his  fel- 
low-prisoner, Col.  Schuyler.    After  the  jjeace  he 
returned  to  his  farm.     He  was  j)loughing  in  his 
field  in  1775,  when  he  heard  the  news  of  the 
battle  of  Lexington.    lie  immediately  unyoked 
his  team,  left  his  plough  on  the  spot,  and  without 
changing  his  clothes  set  off  for  Cambridge.    He 
soon  went  to  Connecticut,  levied  a  regiment,  and 
repaired  again  to  the  camp.    In  a  little  time  he 
was  jjromoted  to  the  rank  of  major-general.     In 
the  battle  of  Bunker's  Hill  he  exhibited  his  usual 
intrepidity.     He   directed   the   men   to   reserve 
their  fire  till  the  enemy  was  very  near,  reminded 
them  of  their  skill,  and  told  them  to  take  good 
aim.    They  did  so,  and  the  execution  was  terrible. 
After  the  retreat  he  made  a  stand  at  Winter  Hill 
and  drove  back  the  enemy  under  cover  of  their 
ships.     When  the  army  was  organized  by  Gen. 
W  ashlngton  at  Cambridge,  Putnam  was  apiiointcd 


to  command  the  reserve.    In  Aug.,  1770,  ho  was 
stationed  at  Brooklyn,  on  Long  Island,     .\ricr 
the  defeat  of  our  army  he  went   to  New  York, 
and  was  very  scrvieeable  in  the  city  and  neigh- 
borhood.    In  October  or  Xovcmber  he  was  sent 
to   Pliiladcli)hia   to   fortify  that  city.     In   Jiiii., 
1777,  he  was  directed  to  take  post  at  Princeton, 
where  he  contiiuicd  until  spring.     At  this  yilucu 
a  sick  j)risoner,  a  captain,  requested  that  a  friend 
in  the  British  army  at  Brunswick  might   be  sent 
for  to  assist  him  in  making  his  will.     Putnam  was 
perplexed.     He  had  but  fifty  men  imder  his  com- 
mand, and  he  did  not  wish  to  have  his  weakness 
kno\ra  ;  yet  he  was  unwilling  to  deny  the  request. 
He  however  sent  a  flag  of  truce,  and  directed  tlic 
oilicer  to  be  brought  in  the  night.    In  the  even- 
ing lights  were  jjlaced  in  all  the  college  windows, 
and   in   every  aj)artment  of   the  vacant   houses 
throughout  the  town.     The  officer  on  his  return 
reported  that  General  Putnam's  army  could  not 
consist  of  less  than  four  or  five  thousand  nion. 
In  the  spring  he  was  appointed  to  the  command 
of  a  sojiarate  army  in  the  highlands  of  New  York. 
One  Palmer,  a  heutenant  in  the  tory  new  levies, 
was  detected  in  the  camp ;  Gov.  Tryon  reclaimed 
him  as  a  British  officer,  threatenhig  vengeance  if 
he  was  not  restored.     Gen.  Putnam  wrote  tiio 
following  ])ithy  rei>ly  :  "  Sir,  —  Nathan  Pldmcr,  a 
lieutenant  in  your  king's  service,  was  taken  in  inv 
camp  as  a  spy  ;  he  was  condemned  as  a  s])y  ;  anil 
he  shall  be  hanged  as  a  spy.     P.  S.   Afternnnn. 
He  is  hanged."    After  the  loss  of  Fort  Mont- 
gomery, the  commander-in-chief  determined  to 
build  another  fortification,  and  he  directed  I'ut- 
nam  to  fix  upon  a  spot.    To  him  belongs  the 
])raise  of  having  chosen  West  Point.    The  cam- 
l)aign  of  1770,  wliich  was  jjrincipally  spent  in 
strengthening  the  works  at  this  jjlace,  finished 
the  military  career  of  Putnam.     A  jjaralytic  nf- 
fection  impaired  the  activity  of  his  body,  and  lie 
passed  the  remainder  of  his  days  in  retirement, 
retahiing  his  relish  for  enjoyment,  his  strengih  of 
memory,  and  all  the  fiiculties  of  his  mind.    His 
only  surviving  daughter,  Mrs.  Mary  Waldo,  died 
at  Conway,  N.  II.,  Nov.,  1825,  aged  72  \cars. 
His  son.  Col.  Israel  P.,  died  at  Beljire,  Ohio,  in 
.March,  1812.     Peter  Schuyler  P.,  his  seventh  son, 
died  at  Williamstown,  ^Ia.ss.,  in   1827,  aged  O.'i. 
Gen.  P.  was  excmi)lary  in  the  various  relations 
of  life,  a  constant  attendant  on  piddic  worshij), 
and  a  wor.siiipper  of  God   in    his   house.    For 
many  years  he  wa.s  a  ])rofossor  of  religion.    In 
his  last  years  he  jirofcssed  a  deep  sense  of  sin, 
yet  a  strong  hope  of  salvation  through  the  Re- 
deemer of  sinners.  —  llumplirci/n  Life  of  1'. 

PUTNAM,  Amos.  Dr.,  died  at  l)a!iver.s,  Mass., 
July  20,  1807,  aged  85. 

PUTNAM,  A.MioN,  minister  of  Pomfrct,Coim., 
died  in  1813,  aged  70.    The  son  of  llev.  Daniel 


rUTXAM. 

p.,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  lTv>2;  was  or- 
dained in  17iJ();  resigned  his  pastoral  charge  in 
1802. 

I'UTXAM,  RUFIS,  general,   a    soldier  of  the 
Kevoliilion,  and   the  father  ol' the  west trn  eoiiu- 
try,  died  at  Marietta,  Oiiio,  May  1,  IS'J  1,  aged  S(i. 
]Ic  was  horn  at  Sutton,  Mass.,  in  I'.jS,  niid  \vi\s 
a  wheelwright,     lie  iirst  settled  in  Itiooklleld  :  in 
17S2    he   hought  and   removed  to    a  confiscated 
estate  of  Col.  Murray  in  llnllaiid.     He  engaged 
in  the   war   of  17.J(5,  and   in   the  llevolutionary 
struggle  took  an  active  part.     At  the  connnenci'- 
nient  of  hostilities    he  commanded  a  regiment ; 
and  during  the  war  was  an  engineer.     His  com- 
mission as  hrigadicr  in  the  army  of  the  United 
States  Is  dated  Jan.  7,  1783.     On  the  return  of 
the  ])eace  he  retired  to  his  larm.     For  several 
years  he  was  a  nicmher  of  the   legislature.     In 
1780  and  1787  he  was  engaged  in  organizing  the 
Ohio  company  for  the  jjurposo  of  settling  the 
Northwest  Territory.    The  aifairs  of  the  company 
were  intrusted  to  him.     A]n-il  7,  1788  he  planted 
himself  with  ahout  forty  others  in  the  wilderness 
on  the  west  hank  of  the  Ohio,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Muskingum,  and  called  their  settlement  Ma- 
rietta.    He  lived  to  sec  Ohio  a  flourishing  State, 
having  nearly  seventy  counties  and  a  jjojndation 
of  700,000    souls.     In    1789    AVashington    ajj- 
pointed  him  a  judge  of  the  sni)reme  court  of  the 
Northwest  Territory;  and   in    1791   he  was  a])- 
pointed  a  hrigadier-gencral   under   "Wayne;    in 
1793  surveyor-general  of  the  United  States,  which 
oflice  he  held  till  some  years  after  the  accession 
of  Mr.  JciTersou   to  the  presidency.     He  was  a 
memher  of  the  convention  which  framed  the  con- 
stitution   of   Ohio.     He  was    lilieral,   generous, 
hosjntahle,  a  ])hilanthropist,  and  a  Christian.     Of 
the  ]{evolutionary  army  lie  was  the  last  sm-viving 
general  odicer,  except  Lafayette.     Mr.  liohhins 
hecame  his  esteemed  pastor  in  1800.     AVith  oth- 
ers he  in  1812  formed  the  first  hihle  society  west 
of  the  mountains.     l:i  Sabhath  schools  and  mis- 
sionary societies   he  was   deejjly  interested.     In 
his  old  age,  in  all  kinds  of  weather,  he  attended 
public  worship  as  long  as  he  could  walk.     His 
end  was  full  of  liojie  and  heavenly  consolation. 
His  wife,  with  whom  he  lived  fifty-five  years,  was 
Pcrsis  Ilice  of  Westborough :    by  her   ho   had 
many  children.     He  \,as  nearly  six  feet  tall,  stout, 
and  commanding,  of  strong  features,  with  a  calm, 
resolute  ex]n'ession  :  one  of  his  eyes  had  an  out- 
ward cast,  from  an  injury  in  childhood  :  his  man- 
ner ahru|)t  and  decisive.     A  long  account  of  his 
life  is  in  Hildrelh's  biographical  memoirs. 

PUTNAM,  Aauon  Waldo,  the  son  of  Col. 
Israel  P.,  died  of  the  ejiidemic  in  Ohio,  in  1822, 
aged  4(5.  liorn  in  Pomfret,  Conn.,  he  went  to 
Ohio  in  1788,  with  his  father;  he  encountered  at 
TJelpre  the  perils  of  the  early  settlers.  His  elder 
son,  William  Pitt,  lived   on  the  homestead   in 


J'YNCllOX. 


G87 


18,VJ  ;  and  five  other  chi'dren  were  li\!rg,  ranked 
with  the  most  res])ectabie  r'iti/ens. —  llU^lidh. 

I'UTXAM,  Ji;s.si:,  regarded  as  the  fallier  of 
the  merchants  of  l)(i>ti)ii.  died  April  11,  l.s;57, 
aged  8,'!  years.  He  is  one  of  the  manr  who  re- 
pose beneath  a  monumental  sttme  at  Mount 
Aubiu'n. 

PUTNAM,  SAMtr.r.,  judge,  I.T..  D.,  died  in 
Sonier\ille,  Mass.,  July  ■'),  1S,",,'J,  :\gcd  SO.  Pxirn 
in  Danvers  in  1708,  he  graduated  at  Cambridge 
in  1787.  As  a  lawyer  he  livid  in  Salem.  He 
was  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  from  1811  to 
1812:  and  was  held  in  high  respect. 

I'U'l'X.VM,  Wii.i.iAM  ItiiTs,  died  at  Marietta 


Jan.   1,  18,'),').  aged    8.'}.     ,\    son  of   Cu 


Kufi 


P.,  he   settled  in  M.  in  ISO,"],  and  was   highly  es- 
teemed ;  was  a  l"gislat(n'  and  a  useful  man. 

I'UTNAM.  Davip.  died  at  Marietta  March 
31,  1S,:0,  aged  87.  He  was  the  son  of  Col.  Israel 
and  grandson  of  Gen.  Israel  Putnam,  and  was 
Ixn'n  in  Pomfret,  Conn.,  I'eb.  21,  1709.  He  was 
the  last  survivor  of  the  family  of  Col.  Israel  Put- 
nam. 

PYNCHOX,  Wii.i.iAM,  died  at  Wraisbury  on 
the  Thames,  in  Piuckinghanishire,  in  Oct.,  1GG2, 
aged  71  or  73.  He  came  from  Sjirlngfield,  Plssex 
county,  England,  in  1(!3(),  to  lloxbury.aiul  thence 
went  to  Springfield  with  Moxon,  as  one  of  the 
first  settlers,  about  1()37.  in  which  yearthe  court  at 
Hartford  contracted  with  him  for  iM)  bushels  of 
corn,  in  which  contract  he  failed.  He  jiublished 
in  England,  in  lO.V),  the  merittn'ious  price  of 
Christ's  redemjition,  which  displeased  the  author- 
ities of  Massachusetts,  who  employed  Norton  to 
answer  him.  The  liook  was  burnt  on  the  com- 
mon, by  order  of  the  court,  ami  lie  was  dejiosed 
from  the  magistracy  and  recanted.  He  went  to 
I'.ngland  in  10.52,  and  a  new  edition  was  pub- 
lished in  lO.J.J.  He  taught,  that  Christ  did  not 
bear  hell-torments  Un-  us,  and  that  he  bore  not 
our  .sins  by  imputation.  Vane  was  his  friend. 
His  descendants  have  been  r.umercnis.  His  son, 
Col.  John  P.,  died  in  1703,  aged  82;  his  grand- 
son, Col.  John  P.,  died  in  1721,  aged  71;  his 
great-grandson,  C(d.  John,  died  in  1712,  aged  08. 
His  daughters  married  11.  Snn'lh  and  I',.  Holyokc, 
of  Springfield,  and  A\'m.  l)a\ies  of  liosfon.  lie- 
sides  the  book  referred  to,  he  ])ubhshed  on  the 
Sabbath,  4 to.,  10,54. 

PYNCHON,  John,  colonel,  son  of  William 
Pynchon.  was  a  man  of  distinction,  for  more 
than  fifty  years  a  magistrate  of  Springfield,  and 
a  chief  promoter  of  the  settlement  of  Northamp- 
ton in  10.54.  He  died  Jan.  17,  1703,  aged  76 
years.  His  wife  was  Amy,  daughter  of  (iovernor 
Wyllis,  whom  he  married  at  Hartford  Oct.  30, 
KMo.  In  the  Indian  war  there  were  burnt,  Oct..'}, 
l()7o,  twenty-nine  dwelling  houses  with  barns j 
but  Maj.  Pynchon's  house  escaped  destruction. 
Few  hvcs  were  lost,  as  a  friendly  Indian  gave  no- 


688 


PYNCHON, 


QUIXCY. 


tice  of  the  pro]!Osc(l  attnck.     The  ministor,  Mr. 
Glover,  lost  his  vi\lual)lc  lil)rary  with  his  houpc. 

PYN'CIION,  JosKPil,  Dr.,  died  in  Boston,  un- 
married, lie  was  the  lirothcr  of  .John,  i>orn  hi 
1046;  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1004  ;, was  the 
rejiresentativo  of  Sj)ringfield  in  lORl  and  1C82. 

PYXCIION,  John,  the  son  of  John,  died  at 
Springfield,  in  1721,  aged  73.  His  wife,  Marga- 
ret, wa.s  a  daughter  of  Kev.  "\V.  Hubbard.  He 
was  clerk  of  court  and  register  of  deeds.  He 
had  sons,  John  and  William,  born  at  Ipswich. 

PYNCHON,  Cii.vuLKS,  a  distinguished  phy- 
sician of  Sj)ringfield,  JIass.,  died  before  1789. 
He  was  probably  the  son  of  John,  who  died  in 
1721. 

QUADEQUINA,  an  Indian  sachem,  accom- 
panied his  brother,  Massassoil,  in  his  first  visit  to 
the  pilgrims  at  Plymouth,  'rinirsday,  March  22, 
1C21,  about  throe  months  after  their  landing.  He 
received  as  presents,  "  a  knife,  a  jewel  to  hang 
in  his  car,  and  withal  a  ])ot  of  strong  water,  a 
good  quantity  of  biscuit,  and  some  butter." 

QU  ANNOPIX,  a  Narragansett  sagamore,  bought 
Mrs.  llowlandson  of  the  Indians,  who  made  her 
prisoner  in  107G;  and  by  his  means  she  was  re- 
stored to  her  friends.  The  20  pounds  he  received 
for  her  freedom  were  raised  by  Mr.  Usher  and 
the  ladies  of  Boston. 

QUANONCHET,  prince  or  sachem  of  the 
Narragansetts,  was  captured  by  Caj)t.  Denison  in 
the  Indian  war  of  1670,  and  was  beheaded  by 
the  Indians  of  his  eomj)any.  The  result  of  the 
fight  was  very  extraordinary.  Caj)t.  1).  had  in 
his  command  sixty-six  volunteers  and  one  hundred 
friendly  Indians,  and  he  slew  seventy-six  of  the 
enemy  without  the  loss  of  a  man  on  his  side. 

QUASON,  or  QUOSSEN,  Samuel,  was  in 
1762  sachem  of  the  Monymoyk  or  Monamoy 
Indians  in  Chatham,  on  Caj)o  Cod,  only  thirty  in 
number.  At  an  earlier  period,  in  1698,  John 
"  Quosscn,"  was  one  of  the  rulers  over  fourteen 
houses  at  "  ^lonimoy,"  as  the  names  were  then 
printed  :  John  Coscns  was  jireachcr  and  school- 
master. 

QUASSON,  JosKPir,  an  Indian,  of  whose  life 
and  death  "  Father  Moody  "  of  York  published 
an  accoinit. 

CiUIXCY,  Ediiuxi),  a  judge  of  the  superior 
court  of  Massachusetts,  died  Feb.  23,  1738,  oged 
50.  He  was  born  at  Braintree  Oct.  24,  1681. 
His  grandfather,  Edmund  Quincy,  came  to  Bos- 
ton with  John  Cotton  in  1633,  and  became  a  pro- 
prietor of  lands  at  Mount  AVollaston  or  Brain- 
tree  in  lG3o,  and  died  soon  afterwards,  aged  33. 
Ilis  father,  I.ieut.-Col.  Edmund  Quincy,  died  Jan. 
7,  1698.  Ilis  mother,  Elizabeth,  was  the  daugh- 
ter of  Maj.-Gen.  Gookin.  He  was  graduated  at 
Harvard  college  in  1099,  and  afterwards  sustained 
several  important  oifices,  tlie  duties  of  which  he 
discharged  with  ability  and  fi-ithfulncss.    He  was 


a  judge  of  the  superior  court  from  1718  till  a 
short  time  before  his  death.  Being  sent  as  ;in 
agent  to  London  for  the  purjiose  of  settling  the 
boundary  line  between  Massaclnisctts  and  New 
Ilamjjshire,  he  died  in  that  city  of  the  small  pox. 
His  wife  was  the  daughter  of  Josiah  Flint.  Ho 
left  two  sons,  Edminid  and  Josiah ;  and  two 
daughters,  Mrs.  AVendell  and  Mrs.  Jackson. 
The  general  court  made  a  donation  to  his  heirs  of 
one  thousand  acres  of  land  in  I.enox,  Berkshire 
county,  and  erected  a  monument  at  Buidiill-nelds, 
London.  Ilis  uncommon  ]iowcrs  of  reasoning 
and  of  eloquence  were  joined  to  the  Christian 
virtues.  As  a  member  of  the  council,  he,  for 
twenty  years,  had  great  influence  in  giving  direc- 
tion to  the  proceedings  of  government.  In  liis 
family  it  gave  him  jileasnre  to  worship  the  (iod 
of  all  the  families  of  the  earth,  and  to  imjiart  to 
his  children  religious  instruction.  —  Memoirs  />/' 
J.  (Jifiiiri/,  3. 

QUIXCY,  Joiix,  colonel,  the  son  of  Daiiiil 
Quincy,  died  July  13,  1707,  aged  78.  He  was 
the  grandson  of  Lieut.-Col.  I'ldmund  Quincv,  ])v 
his  first  wife,  Joainia  Hull,  daughter  of  ^Iv.  Ilnlj^ 
an  assistant  preacher  with  Thomas  Thaclicr  in 
Boston,  and  was  born  in  1689.  Having  griuUiafid 
in  1708,  he  was  early  employed  in  jiublic  life,  br- 
ing appointed  a  major  in  the  militia,  and  colonel 
on  the  resignation  of  his  uncle,  Judge  F.dnuiiul 
Quincy.  For  forty  years  without  interruption  he 
was  a  representative  and  a  member  of  the  coun- 
cil. He  was  long  the  speaker  of  the  house.  He 
discharged  the  duties  of  his  various  ofllccs  with 
fidelity,  honor,  and  acceptance,  carefully  avoid- 
ing all  temptations  to  unfaithfulness,  and  rctainiii" 
a  high  sense  of  accountabieness  to  God.  His 
ample  fortune  did  not  corruj)t  him.  He  was  just 
and  devout,  adorning  by  his  holy  conduct  and 
attendance  to  the  ordinances  of  the  gospel  ilic 
Christian  jirofession,  and  being  exemplary  in  the 
relations  of  jirivate  life.  When  that  part  of 
Braintree  in  which  the  Quincy  farms  lay,  was 
incorjiorated,  the  general  court,  iu  honoraljle  re- 
membrance of  his  long  and  faithful  services,  gave 
it  the  name  of  Quincy.  He  left  an  only  son, 
Norton  Quincy,  an  amiable  and  virtuous  man, 
who  died  without  issue.  His  daughter  married 
Kev.  William  Smith  of  Weymouth,  and  was  the 
rriother  of  Mrs.  Cranch  and  of  the  wife  of  John 
Adams.  His  paternal  estate.  Mount  Wollaston, 
became  the  property  of  his  greuv-grandson,  John 
Quincy  Adams,  president  of  the  United  States. 

QUINCY,  Edmund,  the  son  of  Judge  llchmmd 
Q.,  died  July  4,  1788,  aged  So.  He  was  horn 
in  Braintree  in  1703  and  graduated  at  Harvard 
college  in  1722.  For  many  years  he  was  a  mer- 
chant in  Boston ;  he  afterwards  lived  on  the 
paternal  estate.  His  fourth  daughter,  Esther, 
married  Jonathan  Sewall ;  she  was  the  worthy 
wife  of  an  eminent    man.     Another  daughter 


QUINCY. 

Married  Gov.  Hancock.    He  published  a  treatise 
on  lirnip  liusbandry,  ITGiJ. 

(iUIN'CY,  JosiAH,  jim.,  an  eminent  patriot, 
died  Ajjril  20,  17To,  aged  31.  He  was  the  grand- 
son of  J  udi;c  Quincy;  his  fatlicr,  Josiah,  a  mer- 
chant in  Hoston  and  a  zeahius  friend  of  his 
country,  died  at  IJraintree  in  1784,  aged  To.  He 
was  born  Feb.  2.3,  1714.  While  at  college  he 
was  distinguished  for  unwearied  industry,  for  the 
eager  thirst  for  learning,  and  for  a  refined  taste. 
AVith  unblemished'  reputation  he  was  graduated 
in  1763.  His  legal  studies  were  pursued  for  two 
years  under  the  care  of  Oxenbridge  Thaeher,  of 
Boston,  an  eminent  lawyer.  On  commencing  his 
profession,  his  talents,  diligence,  and  fidelity 
secured  to  him  an  extensive  and  profitable  prac- 
tice. At  this  period  ho  wrote  several  manuscript 
volumes  of  "reports"  of  decisions  in  the  supreme 
court,  in  which  are  preserved  abstracts  of  the 
arguments  of  Auchmuty,  Thaeher,  Gridley,  Otis, 
Adams,  and  othe»"  lawyers.  The  circumstances 
of  the  times  soon  directed  his  attention  and  all 
the  energies  of  a  very  sensitive  mind  to  the  politi- 
cal condition  of  his  country.  In  opposition  to 
the  measures  of  the  British  government  he  began 
to  write  pohtical  essays  as  early  as  1707.  In  the 
next  year,  after  the  landing  of  two  British  regi- 
ments at  Boston,  he  made  a  most  forcible  ap])eal 
to  the  patriotism  of  his  countrymen  in  a  jjioco 
signed  "  Hyperion."  Of  the  boldness  of  his 
views  a  judgment  mfy  be  formed  from  his  lan- 
guage in  1708:  "Did  the  Iilood  of  the  ancient 
Britons  swell  our  veins,  did  the  spirit  of  our  fore- 
fathers inhabit  our  breasts  ;  should  we  hesitate  a 
moment  in  preferring  death  to  a  miserai)le  exist- 
ence in  bondage  ?" — and  from  his  declaration  in 
1770,  "  I  wish  to  .see  my  countrymen  break  olf 
—  iijf  forever !  —  all  social  intercourse  with  those 
wliose  commerce  contaminates,  wliose  luxuries 
poison,  whose  avarice  is  insatiable,  and  whose 
unnatural  oppressions  are  not  to  be  borne." 

After  what  is  called  "  the  Boston  massacre," 
March  o,  1770,  wlicn  five  citizens  were  killed  by 
the  British  troo])s,  Mr.  Quincy,  with  John  Adams, 
defended  the  ]).isoners,  C'ajjt.  I'reston  and  eight 
soldiers.  To  undertake  their  defence  against  the 
remonstrance  of  his  father  and  in  resistance  to 
the  strong  tide  of  jjopular  indignation  required  a 
strong  love  of  justice  and  a  fixed  jmrjjose  of  sold. 
With  great  ability  he  jilead  their  cause,  and  the 
dcl'ence  was  closed  by  Mr.  Adams.  In  the  re- 
sult C'apt.  I'reston  and  six  soldiers  were  acquitted, 
and  two  were  convicted  of  manslaughter  only. 
This  administration  of  justice  in  the  midst  of  an 
excited  and  furious  jieojile  was  an  event  ;uost 
honorable  to  !Mr.  (inincy  and  to  the  American 
cause.  Li  1771  and  1772  he  continued  his  jjro- 
fcssional  and  ])olilical  labors  with  accustomed  in- 
dustry and  zeal ;  but  in  I'eb.,  177Ji,  a  ])>ilmc)nary 
complaint  compelled  him  to  seek  the  renewal  of 
87 


(iUINCY. 


CS9 


his  healtli  or  the  jireservation  of  his  life  by  a 
voyage  to  Carolina.  In  Ciiarleston  he  fornud'an 
acipiaintance  with  the  eminent  lawyers  and  pat- 
riots of  the  day,  who  received  iiini  with  wonted 
southern  hos])il;dily,  —  with  Bee,  Parsons,  Simj)- 
son,  Scott,  Charles  C.  I'inekney,  llulledge.  Lynch, 
and  others.  He  returned  by  land  to  New  York, 
In  Philadelphia  he  met  with  ,T.  Dickinson,  J. 
]{ecd,  J.  Ingcrsoll,  Dr.  Shiiijien,  Chief  Justice 
Allen,  and  his  sons,  and  Mr.  Galloway.  His 
journal  of  this  tour  is  found  in  his  IJfe,  jiublished 
liy  his  son.  After  an  absence  of  three  or  four 
months  he  reached  home,  and  soon  wrote  the  bold 
essays  under  tlie  title  of  >Lirchmont  Nedhnm. 
His  chief  ]]olitical  work,  observations  on  the  act 
of  parliament,  commonly  called  "the  Boston 
port  bill,"  with  thoughts  on  civil  society  and 
standing  armies,  was  published  in  May,  1774. 

By  the  advice  of  his  poUtical  friends,  and  in 
the  hope  of  rendering  eminent  service  to  hia 
country  by  counteracting  Hutchinson,  and  in 
other  ways,  he  relinquished  his  professional  busi- 
ness and  emb. liked  at  Salem  iirivatcly  for  Lon- 
don, Sept.  28,  1774.  His  voyage  was  serviceable 
to  his  health.  At  London  he  had  a  conference 
on  American  affairs  with  Lord  North,  and  ex- 
l)lained  to  him  his  views  with  great  freedom  j  but 
the  British  minister  seemed  anxious  to  intimidate 
one  who  could  not  be  reached  in  that  way,  by  allud- 
ing to  the  1)0 wer  of  Great  Britain,  and  her  determi- 
nation to  exert  it  to  eflect  the  submission  of  the 
colonies.  He  visited  also  Lord  Dartmouth  and 
Lord  Shelburnc,  and  consulted  much  with  Dr. 
Frankhn,  Governor  I'ownall,  Dr.  Price,  Sheriff 
William  Lee,  Arthur  Lee,  and  otiier  friends  of 
America.  He  also  occasionally  attended  the  sit- 
ting of  parliament.  It  was  at  this  jieriod  that 
Lord  Camden  said,  "  Were  I  an  American,  I  would 
resist  to  the  last  droj)  of  my  blood."  Colonel 
Barre,  who  once  travelled  through  this  country, 
assured  him  that  such  was  the  ignorance  of  the 
L'nglish,  that  two-thirds  of  them  on  his  return 
imagined  the  Americans  were  all  negroes  ! 
While  in  England,  Dr.  Warren  wrote  to  him, 
Nov.  21st,  "It  is  the  united  voice  of  America  to 
jireserve  their  freedom  or  lose  their  lives  in  de- 
fence of  it."  He  attended  the  debates  in  the 
house  of  Lords,  Jan.  20,  177.J,  and  on  that  day 
had  the  high  satisfaction  of  hearing  the  celebrated 
speech  of  Lord  Chatham  against  the  ministry 
and  in  defence  of  America,  of  which  he  drew  up 
an  interesting  report.  "  His  language,  voice,  and 
gestures,"  said  ]\lr.  Q.,  "were  more  pathetic  thaii 
I  ever  sav.  or  heard  before,  at  the  bar  or  senate, 
lie  seemi.'d  like  an  old  Roman  senator,  rising 
with  the  dignity  of  age,  yet  speaking  with  the  fire 
of  youth.  The  illustrious  sago  stretched  forth 
his  hand  with  the  decent  solemnity  of  a  Paid,  and, 
rising  with  his  subject,  he  smote  his  breast  with 
the  energy  and  grace  of  a  Demosllienes."    In 


6d0 


QUIXCY. 


RADCLIFF. 


this  speech  Chatham  said :  "  For  genuine  saga- 
city, for  singular  moderation,  for  solid  wisdom, 
manly  spirit,  sublime  sentimonts,  and  simplicity 
of  language,  for  every  thing  resjjcctable  and  hon- 
orable, the  congress  of  l'liiladel|)liia  shine  un- 
rivalled. This  wise  i)eo])lo  sjieak  out.  They  do 
not  hold  the  language  of  .slaves ;  they  tell  you 
what  they  mean.  They  do  not  ask  you  to  repeal 
your  laws  as  a  favor;  they  claim  it  a  right, —  they 
demand  it.  They  tell  you,  they  will  not  submit 
to  them  i  and  I  tell  you,  the  acts  must  be  re- 
pealed ;  they  will  lie  rejiealcd  ;  you  cannot  enforce 
them."  Lord  Camden  followed  Chatham  on  the 
side  of  America,  and  equalled  him  in  every  thing, 
"  excepting  his  fire  and  pathos.  In  learning,  per- 
spicuity, and  inire  eloquence,  probably  no  one 
ever  surpassed  Lord  Camden."  lie  exclaimed : 
"  This  I  will  say,  not  only  as  a  statesman,  poli- 
tician, and  philosoiiher,  but  as  a  common  lawyer, 
—  my  lords,  you  have  no  right  to  tax  America. 
I  have  searched  the  matter ;  I  rejieat  it,  you  have 
no  right  to  tax  America.  The  natural  rights  of 
man  and  the  immutable  laws  of  nature  are  all 
with  that  people."  "  Kings,  lords,  and  commons 
may  become  tyrants  as  well  as  others ;  tyranny 
in  one  or  more  is  the  same  ;  it  is  as  lawful  to  re- 
sist the  tyranny  of  many  as  of  one.  When  Mr. 
Selden  was  asked,  in  what  law  book  you  might 
find  the  law  far  resisting  tyranny,  he  replied, '  It 
has  always  been  the  custom  of  England,'  and 
"  the  custom  of  England  "  is  the  law  of  the  land.' 
Supported  by  such  authorities  and  by  conference 
with  a  multitude  of  the  friends  of  America,  and 
des])airing  of  any  change  of  measures  without  a 
previous  struggle,  Mr.  Quincy,  by  the  advice  of 
many  friends  to  his  country,  determined  to  return, 
probably  in  order  by  verbal  communications  to 
arouse  his  fellow  citizens  to  the  mighty  contest. 
Indeed,  as  early  as  Dec.  14,  1774,  he  wrote: 
"  Let  me  tell  you  one  very  serious  truth,  in  wliich 
we  are  all  agreed,  your  countrymen  must  seal 
their  cause  with  their  blood."  While  in  London 
he  was  in  active  correspondence  with  Dickinson, 
Beed,  and  other  patriots.  He  embarked  for  Bos- 
ton March  16,  1775,  with  a  bad  cough  and  de- 
clining health.  In  his  last  interview  Dr.  Franklin 
said,  that  "  New  England  alone  could  hold  out 
for  ages  against  Great  Britain,  and,  if  they  were 
firm  and  united,  in  seven  years  would  conquer 
them."  After  being  at  sea  a  few  weeks,  he  be- 
came convinced  that  liis  fate  was  inevitable.  He 
had  but  one  desire,  that  he  might  live  long 
enough  to  have  an  interview  with  Samuel  Adams 
or  Joseph  Warren.  In  the  lust  letter,  which  he 
dictated  April  21,  he  exjilaincd  the  reasons  of  his 
proceeding  to  America  so  early,  against  his  own 
inclinations  and  jirospects  us  to  health.  He  had 
ascertained  the  sentiments  of  many  learned  and 
respectable  friends  of  America  in  regard  to  the 
course  of  conduct  exacted  by  the  existing  crisis. 


"To  commit  their  sentiments  to  writing  was 
neither  jjracticable  nor  jirudent  at  this  time.  To 
the  bosom  of  a  friend  they  could  intrust  what 
might  be  of  great  advantage  to  my  country.  To 
me  thattrust  was  committed,  and  I  was,  immedi- 
ately upon  my  arrival,  to  assemble  certain  ])cr- 
sons,  to  whom  I  was  to  communicate  my  trust, 
and,  had  God  spared  my  life,  it  seems  it  would 
liave  been  of  great  service  to  my  country." 
"  Had  Providence  been  pleased  that  I  should 
have  reached  America  six  days  ago,  I  should  have 
been  able  to  converse  with  my  friends.  I  am 
persuaded  that  this  voyage  and  passage  are  the 
instruments  to  put  an  end  to  my  being.  His 
holy  will  be  done! "  Such  were  his  last  recorded 
words.  Perhaps  the  battle  of  Lexington  had 
rendered  his  communications  unnecessary.  He 
died  when  the  vessel  was  in  sight  of  land.  The 
ship,  in  a  few  hours,  entered  the  harbor  of  Glou- 
cester, Cape  Ann.  His  wife,  the  sister  of  the 
late  Deacon  Wm.  Phillips,  who  survived  him 
twenty-three  years,  being  at  this  time  with  her 
child  and  parents  at  their  place  of  refuge  at  Nor- 
wich, Connecticut,  the  funeral  rites  were  per- 
formed by  the  inhabitants  of  Gloucester.  His 
remains  were  afterwards  removed  to  Braintree. 
It  was  the  strong  passion  of  Mr.  Quincy's  soul  to 
become,  by  reason  of  his  patriotic  labors,  immor- 
tal in  the  liearts  of  his  countrymen.  A  just  mon- 
ument to  his  memory  has  been  raised  in  his  Life, 
written  by  his  son.  Amidst  the  miserable  aban- 
donment of  principle,  honor,  and  country,  from 
the  most  selfish  motives,  presented  frequently  to 
the  eye  of  every  modern  observer  of  public  men, 
it  is  refreshing  to  behold  the  noble,  daring,  truly 
patriotic  zeal  of  such  a  man  as  Josiah  Quincy. 
His  son,  Josiah  Q.,  late  jjresident  of  Harvard 
college,  published  his  memoir,  1805 ;  to  which  is 
added  the  celebrated  piece,  observations  on  the 
Boston  ])ort  bill,  etc.,  first  jmnted  in  1774. 

QUINCY,  Samiix,  died  in  Boston  in  1789, 
aged  about  65.  The  son  of  Colonel  Josiah,  he 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1754.  In  his  poUtics  he 
differed  from  the  other  Quincys.  He  was  ap- 
pointed soUcitor-general,  when  Jonathan  Sewall, 
who  married  his  cousin,  was  attorney-general. 
He  left  Massachusetts  with  the  loyalists  and  died 
in  the  West  Indies. 

QUINCY,  Rev.  Mr.,  bom  in  Boston,  was  as- 
sistant minister  of  St.  Philip's  church  in  Charles- 
ton, S.  C.  He  published  a  volume  of  sermons 
about  1750. 

QUOY,  John,  an  Indian  sachem  at  Sandwich 
in  1698.  He  was  one  of  three  rulers  over  three 
hundred  and  forty-eight  Indians,  who  had  a  meet- 
ing-house, and  Ralph  Jones,  a  sober  man,  one  of 
their  i)reachers. 

RADCLIFF,  Jacob,  judge,  died  in  Albany 
June  25,  1823,  aged  62.  He  was  a  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  New  York.     His  wife  was  Juli- 


RADCLIFFE. 


IIAMSAY. 


C9l 


ana,  the  daughter  of  Rev.  C.  M.  Smith  of  Sha- 
ron. Conn. 

IIADCLIFFE,  lloiiKnT,  the  founder  of  the 
first  EpiKcopal  church  in  New  England,  estab- 
lished in  IJoston  in  1CH6,  the  church  which  after- 
wards l)uilt  King's  chapel  in  Tremont  street.  Of 
the  time  of  liis  death  nothing  has  been  ascer- 
tained. 

IIAE,  LrZEKXE,  died  in  Hartford  Sept.  16, 
18j 4,  aged  43.  A  graduate  of  Yale  in  1831,  ho 
became  a  teacher  in  tlie  asylum  for  the  deaf  and 
dumb  ;  he  also  engaged  in  various  literarj'  labors. 
He  edited  the  religious  herald,  and  six  vols,  of 
the  annals  of  the  deaf  and  dumb.  He  had  col- 
lected materials  for  a  history  of  New  England. 

R.VFINESQUE,  S.  C.  S.,  professor,  died  at 
Philadelphia  in  1840,  aged  56.  His  father  was  a 
Levant  merchant  of  Versailles.  He  was  born  at 
Galata,  a  suburb  of  Constantinople.  At  the  age 
of  16  he  was  sent  to  Philadelphia  with  his  brother : 
he  cultivated  a  taste  for  botany  and  natural  his- 
tory. From  1805  he  spent  ten  years  in  Sicily ; 
but  in  sailing  for  New  York  in  1815,  with  his  col- 
lections, the  result  of  many  years'  labor,  he  was 
wrecked  on  Long  Island,  and  lost  all  his  treasures, 
books,  manuscripts,  and  drawings.  Dr.  Mitchell 
befriended  him.  He  made  a  scientific  tour  to  the 
West,  and  was  appointed  professor  of  botany  at 
Lexington  university.  He  again  travelled,  lec- 
tured, and  settled  at  Philadelphia.  He  published 
in  Italy  various  works  in  1810  and  1814  ;  also  ad- 
dress on  botany  and  zoology,  1816  ;  florula  Ludo- 
viciana  from  the  French,  1817;  ichthyologia 
Ohiensis ;  annals  of  Kentucky,  1824 ;  Atlantic 
journal,  begun  in  Philadelphia  in  1832  ;  life  and 
travels,  1836.  —  Cycl.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

RAGUET,  CONDY,  died  in  Philadelphia  in 
1842,  aged  58,  president  of  the  chamber  of  com- 
merce. He  was  the  author  of  several  works  on 
political  economy. 

RALLE,  Sebastien,  a  missionary  among  the 
Indians  of  North  America,  died  Aug.  23,  1724. 
He  was  a  French  Jesuit,  and  arrived  at  Quebec  in 
Oct.,  1689.  After  travelling  in  the  interior  sev- 
eral years,  he  went  to  Norridgewock  on  the  Ken- 
nebec river,  where  he  tarried  twenty-six  years  till 
his  death.  Being  considered  as  the  inveterate 
enemy  of  the  English,  and  as  stimulating  the  In- 
dians to  their  frequent  depredations,  Cajjtains 
Harmon  and  Moulton  were  sent  in  1724  against 
the  village  in  which  he  lived.  They  surprised  it 
August  23d,  and  killed  Ralle,  and  about  thirty 
Indians,  all  of  whose  scalps  were  brought  away 
by  Harmon.  The  Jesuit  was  found  in  a  wigwam, 
and  he  defended  himself  with  intrepid  courage. 
He  was  in  the  67th  year  of  his  age.  By  his  con- 
descending deportment  and  address  he  acquired 
an  astonishing  influence  over  the  Indians.  Such 
was  his  faithfulness  to  the  political  interests  of 
France,  that  he  even  made  the  offices  of  devotion 


servo  as  an  incentive  to  savage  ferocity ;  for  he 
kc])t  a  (lag,  on  which  was  dt'pictcd  a  cross  sur- 
rounded with  bows  and  arrows,  and  he  raised  it 
at  the  door  of  his  little  church,  when  he  gave  ab- 
solution jireviously  to  the  commencement  of  any 
warlike  enterprise.  He  was  a  man  of  good  sense 
and  learning,  and  was  particularly  skilful  in  Latin, 
which  he  wrote  with  great  purity.  He  sj)oke  the 
Al)niikis  language,  which  was  the  language  of  the 
Norridgewocks,  and  was  acquainted  with  the  Hu- 
ron, Outflwi.s,  and  Illinois.  In  his  preaching  he 
was  vehement  and  pathetic.  For  the  last  nine- 
teen years  his  health  was  feeble,  as  his  limbs  had 
been  broken  by  a  fall.  An  ineflfectual  attempt 
was  made  to  seize  him  in  1722  j  but  some  of  his 
papers  were  secured,  and  among  them  a  diction- 
ary of  the  Abnakis  language,  wiiich  is  now  in  the 
library  of  Harvard  college.  It  is  a  quarto  vol- 
ume of  five  hundred  pages.  Two  of  his  letters 
of  considerable  length  are  preserved  in  the  Icttres 
edifiantes. 

RALPH,  James,  died  at  Chiswck,  Eng.,  in 
17G2.  Born  in  Philadelphia,  he  lived  in  England 
thirty-two  years ;  he  was  a  poet,  and  wrote  on 
politics  and  history. 

RALSTON,  Robert,  died  at  Philadelphia  Aug. 
11,  1836,  aged  74.  He  was  long  a  successful 
merchant,  and  was  a  ])liilanthropist  and  Christian, 
a  promoter  of  benevolent  and  charitable  objects. 
His  daughter  married  first  Ebcnezer  Rockwood 
of  Massachusetts,  and  next  Rev.  Dr.  Vermilye  of 
New  York. 

RALSTON,  SAMtEl.,  D.  D.,  died  in  Carroll, 
Pa.,  Sept.  25,  1851,  aged  96.  He  had  been  in 
the  ministry  seventy  years. 

RAMAGE,  Adam,  died  in  Philadelphia  July  9, 
1850,  aged  80.  He  was  the  inventor  of  the  Ram- 
age  j)rinting  press,  by  a  change  of  shape  in  the 
screw ;  said  still  to  be  very  useful  in  certain  cases. 

RAMSAY,  David,  M.  D.,  a  physician  and  his- 
torian, died  in  Charleston,  S.  C,  May  8,  1815, 
aged -69.  He  was  the  youngest  son  of  James  R., 
an  Irish  emigrant  and  farmer,  and  was  bom  in 
Lancaster  county.  Pa.,  April  2,  1749,  and  was 
graduated  at  Princeton  college  in  1765.  Two 
brothers  also  received  a  public  education.  He 
settled  in  the  practice  of  physic  at  Charleston, 
where  he  was  eminent  in  his  profession.  During 
the  war  he  was  a  determined  whig  and  a  leading 
member  of  the  legislature  ;  ho  was  also  a  surgeon 
in  the  army.  With  thirty-seven  other  citizens  he 
was  seized  by  the  British  Aug.  27,  1780,  and 
transported  to  St.  Augustine,  where  he  was  de- 
tained nearly  a  year.  From  1782  to  1780  he  was 
a  respected  member  of  congress,  being  for  one 
year  the  president.  He  was  subsequently  for 
many  years  a  member  of  the  legislature  of  South 
Carolina,  and  president  of  the  senate.  His  death 
was  occasioned  by  a  wound,  received  from  an  in- 
sane man,  named  Wm.  Linning,  who  shot  him  in 


G92 


RAMSAY. 


RAND. 


the  back  witli  a  larf;o  jjistol,  loaded  with  tlircp 
balls.  He  MilFi  red  cxcniciiitiiif?  |)ain  ulioiit  thirty 
hours.  Liiiiiiii},',  Home  years  lielbre,  had  been 
brouf^ht  into  eoiirt  for  an  attempt  to  murder,  and, 
indigiumt  because  J)r.  U.  exjjresseil  the  opinion 
that  he  was  deran^jcd,  Imd  deelared  his  jnirjiose 
to  take  his  life.  His  first  wife  was  the  daughter 
of  President  \\'ithers])oon  ;  she  died  of  the  scar- 
let fever,  soon  after  the  Ijirth  of  a  son,  in  1781. 
His  second  wife  was  the  daiifjhter  of  Henry  Lau- 
rens. He  left  four  sons  and  four  duuj^hters. 
His  son,  ])r.  John  W.  ]{.,  died  in  July,  1H13, 
nged  20.  His  dau}j;liter,  Kubina  I'.Uiot,  married 
llenry  L.  I'inckney.  Dr.  11.  was  for  many 
years  a  memlicr  of  the  Independent  or  Conj^rc- 
gational  church  of  Charleston,  and  he  died 
in  the  peace  of  the  Christian.  His  life  was  de- 
voted to  benevolent  and  patriotic  labors.  In  his 
zealous  anticijjations  of  public  improvements  he 
was  led  to  invest  his  property  in  ])rojects,  l)y  the 
failure  of  which  lie  lost  his  private  fortune.  He 
was  a  man  of  unwearied  industry,  and  most  eco- 
nomical of  time,  usually  sleejnng  only  four  hours. 
In  every  relation  of  life  he  was  exemjjlary.  His 
historical  writings  are  valuable.  He  ])ublished  a 
history  of  the  Kcvolutiou  in  South  Corolina,  2 
■vols.  8vo.,  1785  ;  history  of  the  American  Revo- 
lution, 2  vols.,  1789 ;  review  of  the  imj)rovements, 
etc.,  of  medicine,  1800;  the  life  of  Washington, 
1801  ;  medical  register,  1802  ;  oration  on  the  ac- 
quisition of  Louisiana,  1804 ;  history  of  South 
Carolina,  2  vols.,  1809,  with  valuable  public  docu- 
ments annexed ;  a  biographical  chart ;  memoirs 
of  Martha  L.  Ramsay,  1811  ;  eulogium  on  Dr. 
Rush,  1813;  history  of  the  United  States,  3  vols., 
181(5 ;  universal  history  Americanized,  8  vols. 

RAMSAY,  ^Iarhia  Laukens,  the  wife  of  the 
preceding,  died  June  10,  1811,  aged  51.  The 
daughter  of  llenry  Laurens,  she  was  born  Nov. 
3,  1759.  After  jjassing  ten  years  in  England  and 
France  she  returned  to  thir  country,  and  was 
married  in  Jan.,  1787.  She  was  the  mother  of 
eleven  cluldren,  eight  of  whom  survived  her. 
She  was  a  woman  of  talents,  learning,  and  piety. 
She  fitted  her  sons  for  college.  One  of  her  Sun- 
day employments  was  reading  the  New  Testament 
in  Greek  with  her  sons,  and  in  French  with  her 
daughters.  When,  in  the  absence  of  her  hus- 
band, she  was  tlie  head  of  lier  family,  she  daily 
prayed  with  them  and  read  the  Scriptures.  Of 
her  benevolence,  the  following  is  an  instance : 
When  in  France  she  received  from  licr  father  a 
present  of  500  guineas.  With  a  part  of  this 
sum  she  purchased  and  distributed  French  testa- 
ments, and  established  a  school  at  Vigan.  Me- 
moirs of  hsr  life,  with  extracts  from  her  writings, 
were  published  by  her  husband,  2d  ed.,  1812. 

RAMSAY,  Alicxandku,  M.  D.,  an  anatomist, 
was  a  native  of  England,  but  resided  for  many 
years  in  this  country  as  a  lecturer  on  anatomy 


and  physloldgy.  llv  died  nt  Parsonsfield, Maine, 
Nov.  L'l,  IHL'l,  apjcd  about  70.  He  had  been  bit- 
ten two  5 oars  before  by  a  ralilisnahp ;  and  ho 
sii]>])osi'<l  that  iiis  last  sickness  wa«  thi'  consn- 
(pieiicc  of  the  ])oison,  jiroduting  an  altered  state 
of  tlu)  lyni])hatics  of  his  lunf,'s.  He  was  a  very 
skilful  anatomist.  lie  ])ui)lislied  anatomy  of  the 
heart,  cranium,  and  brain,  with  a  series  of  plates, 
2d  ed.,  Edinburgh.  1813. 

1{.\MS.\Y,  William,  captain,  died  in  Hoon 
county,  Mo.,  May  21, 1M5,  aged  101.  He  served 
during  the  whole  of  the  IJcvohiliomiry  war,  and 
was  an  Indian  tighter  in  Kentu?ky.  He  removed 
to  Missouri  in  1802. 

R.\MSEY,  Mrs.,  wife  of  AViUiam  R.,  mission- 
ary, died  at  liombay  June  11,  1831,  aged  29. 
Her  name  was  ^lary  Wire,  of  l'hiladelj)hia. 

RAMSEY,  Jamks,  D.  I).,  died  at  Frankfort, 
I'a.,  ^lareh  tJ,  1855,  aged  84. 

RAND,  William,  minister  of  Kingston,  JIass., 
died  in  1779,  aged  within  a  week  of  80.  liorn 
in  Charlcstown,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1721, 
in  the  class  of  Drs.  Chauncy  and  Pemberton.  He 
was  the  minister  of  Sunderland  from  1724  to 
1745,  and  of  Kingston  from  1740  to  1779,  in  all 
about  fifty-five  years  in  the  ministry.  He  was  a 
man  of  eminence.  He  published  a  sermon  on 
jjrcaching  Christ,  173G;  at  ordination  of  1).  Par- 
sons, 1739;  of  A.  Hill;  of  A.  Williams;  at  the 
convention,  1757. —  Sprague's  Annals. 

RAXD,  Is.uc,  M.  D.,  vice-president  of  the 
medical  society,  died  in  Charlcstown,  Mass.,  in 
1790,  aged  71.  He  studied  medicine  with  Dr. 
Thomas  Greaves  of  C,  his  native  town.  In  1775 
he  had  a  small  pox  hospital  in  Cambridge.  With- 
out a  college  education,  lie  was  respectable  for 
his  attainments  and  was  held  in  high  esteem. 

RAND,  John,  first  minister  of  Lyndeborough, 
N.  11.,  died  in  Bedford  in  1805,  aged  78.  Born 
in  Charlcstown,  Mass.,  lie  graduated  at  Harvard 
in  1743,' and  was  pastor  from  1757  to  1762.  He 
was  college  librarian.  There  being  no  meeting- 
house when  he  was  settled,  he  was  ordained  Dec. 
3d  in  a  barn. 

RAND,  Isaac,  M.  D.,  a  physician,  died  in  Bos- 
ton Sept.  11,  1822,  aged  79.  The  son  of  Dr. 
Isaac  R.  of  Charlcstown,  Mass.,  he  was  born 
April  27,  1743,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  college 
in  1761,  in  which  year  he  and  Samuel  Willihins 
accompanied  Professor  Winthrop  to  Newfound- 
land, to  observe  the  transit  of  Venus.  In  1764  he 
settled  as  a  jihysician  in  Boston,  and  rose  to  emi- 
nence. In  the  Revolution  he  was  a  royalist,  but, 
taking  no  active  part  in  politics,  he  was  not  mo- 
lested. He  remained  in  Boston  while  it  was  pos- 
sessed by  the  enemy.  From  1798  to  1804  he  was 
])resident  of  the  Massachusetts  medical  society. 
He  was  for  many  years  a  professor  of  religion. 
Such  was  his  charity  to  the  poor,  that  he  gave 
them  not  only  his  services,  but  his  money.    For 


RAND. 


RATTini'X. 


C93 


ycnrs  several  fnmllii's  were  .supported  I)y  his  Ixnin- 1 
ty.    His  manners  were  difjiiilied  and  eourtly.    He 
i)ulilislied  a  tract  on  liydroce])ludus  intcrnus,  and  , 
a  (liscoiirne  on  the  use  of  llie  warm  hath  and  I'ox- 
gldve  in  jilithisis.  —  Thdchcr. 

HAND,   ItKNJAMiN,   LI- D.,   died   in   Hoston  ] 
Ajiril  -0,  IH.VJ,  af^ed  (i".      Horn   in  AVuston,  lie 
grudnated  at  Harvard  in  ISOH,  and  was  a  distin- 
guished meniher  of  the  Hostcn  har. 

IIAXDALL,  llKHAiii),  M.  1).,  governor  of 
Lii)eria,  died  April  10, 1H29.  He  was  horn  in  An- 
napolis, studied  physic  in  I'hiladeljjhia,  was  sur- 
geon's mate  in  the  navy,  and  in  182u  commenced 
tlie  ])ractice  in  Washington.  Ho  was  one  of  the 
managers  of  tlie  colonization  society,  and  in  1H'2K, 
after  the  death  of  Mr.  Ashinun,  was  ajjpointed 
governor  of  Liheria.  He  accepted  the  pirilous 
otiice  ;  hut  soon  died. 

]{AM)Al,L,STi:niEN,Dr.,dicd  at  North  Prov- 
idence !March  \6,  1843,  aged  81. 

IIANDALL,  John,  M.  J).,  an  esteemed  phy- 
sician in  IJoston,  died  Dec.  20,  1843,  aged  67. 
lie  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1802. 

RANDALL,  Archibald,  judge,  died  at  Phila- 
deljihia  May  30,  1840,  aged  4fi.  lie  was  a  judge 
of  the  United  States  district  court. 

RANDALL,  Abiuiiam,  died  at  Stow,  Mass., 
March  3, 1852,  aged  80.  Born  in  Stow,  he  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  in  1798,  was  settled  at  Man- 
chester in  1802,  and  dismissed  in  1808.  He  then 
returned  to  his  native  town. 

RANDOLPH,  Edward,  a  man  worthy  of  in- 
famy in  New  England,  was  sent  over  to  inquire 
into  the  state  of  the  colonies  in  167G.  In  his 
zeal  for  Ei)isco])acy  he  wished  to  destroy  the  New 
England  churches,  and  was  the  cause  of  the  tak- 
ing away  of  the  Massachusetts  charter.  He  was 
conjoined  with  Governor  Andros.  He  died  in 
the  AVest  Indies.  —  Eliot. 

RANDOLPH,  Peyton,  first  president  of  con- 
gress, died  Oct.  22,  1770,  aged  52.  He  was  a 
native  of  Virginia,  of  which  colony  he  was  attor- 
ney-general as  early  as  1756.  In  this  year  he 
formed  a  company  of  one  hundred  gentlemen, 
who  engaged  as  volunteers  against  the  Indians. 
He  was  aflenvards  speaker  of  the  house  of  hur- 
gcsses.  Being  appointed  one  of  the  deputies  to 
the  first  congress  in  1774,  he  was,  Sept.  5,  elected 
its  ])resident.  He  was  also  chosen  president  of 
the  second  congress.  May  10,  1775,  hut  on  the 
24th,  as  ho  was  obliged  to  return  to  Virginia,  Mr. 
Hancock  was  placed  in  the  chair.  Mr.  llandol])h 
afterwards  took  his  seat  again  in  congress.  He 
died  at  Philadelphia  of  an  apoplectic  stroke. 

RANDOLPH,  Edmund,  governor  of  Virginia, 
died  Sept.  12,  1813.  He  was  the  only  son  of 
Joim  R.,  attorney-general,  who,  being  a  loyalist, 
left  the  cou?itry  at  the  beginning  of  the  Revolu- 
tion with  Lord  Dunmore.  He  was  bred  under 
his  father  to  the  law,  but  refused  to  accompany 


him  to  England.  After  seeing  a  liltle  militiiry 
service  in  the  suite  of  Wiivliiiij^loii,  he  n]ij)lied 
liinisi  If  to  the  prolession  of  the  l.iw,  and  was  ap- 
jioiiited  atlorney-geueral.  He  was  governer  after 
Patrick  Henry  from  I7K.(i  to  17N.S,  wluii  he  was 
succeeded  by  lievcily  Randulph.  In  ITDO  Wash- 
ington appointed  him  attorney-gcnerid  of  the 
I'nilcd  State-:  and  in  171)1  he  succeeded  Mr. 
JeH'erson  as  secietary  of  Slate,  hut  in  conse(|uence 
of  some  diflicuilics  with  the  administriilion  lie  re- 
signed Aug.  li),  17i)5.  In  his  jirivate  allairs  he 
was  much  emharrasscd.  He  died  in  I'rederic 
county,  Va.  His  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Robert 
Carter  Nicholas,  treasurer  under  the  royal  gov- 
ernment ;  and  l>y  her  he  had  several  children. 
He  published  a  vindication  of  his  resignation, 
1795. 

R.VNDOLPH,  Thomas  M.,  colonel,  governor 
of  Virginia,  died  at  Monticello  June  20,  IN2S. 
His  wife  was  a  da\ighter  of  Mr.  .lefl'erson.  Other 
governors  of  the  name  were  Edmund,  from  1780 
to  1788;   and  lieverlv,  from  1788  to  1791. 

RANDOLPH,  M.umtA,  died  in  Albemarle 
county,  Virginia,  Oct.  10,  18;j(),  aged  n])wards  of 
70;  the  last  survivor  of  the  daughters  of  Thomas 
Jefferson.  She  was  the  widow  of  Governor 
Thomas  M.  Randolph,  and  a  woman  of  eminont 
talents  and  virtues. 

RANKINS,  Cathakim:,  died  at  Rrayne<:..'ic;, 
Caroline  county,  Miss.,  Oct.,  1833,  aged  lOO;  born 
near  Port  Royal,  Virginia. 

R.\NTOUL,  RoiiKUT,  Ji\.,  senator  of  the 
United  States,  died  at  Washington  Aug.  7,  1852, 
aged  40.  He  was  horn  at  Beverly,  Alass.,  Aug. 
13,  1805,  and  graduated  in  1820,  delivering  the 
valedictory  poem.  After  being  admitted  to  the 
bar  he  became  a  resident  of  Gloucester  in  1833, 
of  which  town  he  was  a  representative.  As  chair- 
man of  a  committee  he  drew  up  several  reports 
in  favor  of  the  abolition  of  the  punishment  of 
death  in  all  cases.  It  is,  jierhajis,  as  much  owing 
to  him  as  to  any  man,  that  so  many  have  come 
to  disregard  the  ancient  Divine  injunction  to  pun- 
ish the  murderer  with  death, — an  infiict ion  neces- 
sary to  the  safety  of  human  society.  He  was  on 
the  democratic  side  in  politics.  In  1843  he  was 
collector  in  Boston  ;  in  1845  he  was  ajjpointed 
di.strict  attorney  for  four  years.  In  1851  he  was 
chosen  senator  to  supply  for  a  few  days  the  va- 
cancy occasioned  by  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Web- 
ster. In  November  he  was  chosen  a  member  of  • 
congress  by  the  united  votes  of  the  democratic 
and  free-soil  parties.  His  .speeches  and  writings 
have  been  collected  in  one  volume. 

RAPP,  FRKDiiUic,  died  in  July,  1834,  aged 
59  ;  the  leader  of  the  Harmonists,  so  called,  at 
Economy,  their  seat  in  Pennsylvania.  George 
Ra])p,  the  founder  of  the  society,  a  German,  died 
in  1847,  aged  92. 

RATHBUN,  Valentine,  was  born  in  Ston- 


C94 


ItATIIBUX. 


RAY. 


U  >  \ 


inj^ton  in  1723,  and  wns  l)y  trade  a  dntliicr.  IFc 
formed  u  liiptist  clnirdi  in  l'ittslii.ld,  Mass.,  in 
1771.',  and  wiis  llicir  ])ast()r;  il  was  a  lar;,'i'cliurcli 
in  17H().  He  ni)\v  jdini'd  liic  Shakers  in  ilie 
neifflibDriii-i;  town  ol'  Ihineoek,  witli  a  larf,'e  ])art 
of  his  einirch;  and  aNo  Mr.  .Johnson,  rresliyte- 
rian  niinisier  of  New  Lebanon.  In  about  tliree 
montlis,  however,  lie  left  tliem,  and  wrote  Itath- 
bun's  hints  aptainst  their  delusions,  a  tract,  of 
whieh  live  editions  were  soon  published.  His 
brother,  Daniel  Itathliun,  remained  with  them 
four  years;  then  withdrew  and  i)ublislied  a  more 
full  account  of  their  madness,  in  17Hj.  The 
Ua])tist  tliurcli  once  under  his  care  becnmiiif?  ex- 
tinct, a  new  one  was  formed  in  I'ittsfield,  of  which 
John  Frunels  was  the  minister  from  l.SOO  to  his 
deuthin  18i;3. 

IIATIIJJUN,  Ilr.NJAMiN,  died  in  Springfield, 
New  York,  in  l.Sjl,  bequeathing  12,000  dollars 
to  the  bible  and  other  toeietiea. 

ItAUCII,  C'llRlsTiAX  lIi;xuY,  a  Moravian  mis- 
sionary, arrived  at  New  York,  July,  1710,  and 
proceeded  thence  to  .Shekomeko,  an  Indian  vil- 
lage bordering  on  Connecticut,  near  the  Stis.sik 
mountain.  He  was  successful  in  liis  labors.  lie 
baj)tizcd  the  three  first  Indians  Feb.  22,  1712, 
and  twenty-six  more  before  the  end  of  the  year. 
Some  of  his  brethren  were  maltreated  by  inter- 
ested whites,  ojipcscd  to  the  civilization  of  the 
Indians,  jiarticularly  at  New  Milford  and  Pecki])si, 
now  called  Poughkcei)sio.  —  Ilcclcciceldcr'a  Nar. 

RAUCII,  F.  A.,  minister  at  Mercersburg,  Pcnn., 
died  March  2,  1841. 

RAVENSCIIOFT,  John  S.,  D.  D.,  bishop  of 
North  Carolina,  died  at  Raleigh  March  5,  1830, 
aged  57.    He  was  the  author  of  sermons. 

RAWDON,  Earl  of,  or  Francis  Rawdon  Hast- 
ings, Marquess  of  Hastings,  died  on  board  ship 
Revenge  near  Naples,  Nov.  28,  182G,  aged  73. 
In  1778  he  was  adjutant-general  of  the  British 
army  in  America.  At  the  battle  of  Camden,  Aug. 
16,  1780,  ho  commanded  one  wing  of  the  army. 
Severe  illness  induced  him  to  return  to  England. 
In  1793  he  was  major-general ;  in  1803  com- 
mander-in-chief in  Scotland ;  in  1812  governor- 
general  of  British  India;  in  1824  governor  of 
Malta.  His  wife  was  Flora  Muir  Cara])bell ;  as 
he  was  about  to  die  he  requested  that  his  right 
hand  might  be  cut  off  and  preserved  till  the 
death  of  his  wife,  to  be  interred  in  the  same  coffin 
•  with  her.  It  was  cut  off.  Whether  tfhc  jire- 
served  it  is  not  stated. 

RAWLE,  AViLLiAM,  died  April  12, 183G,  aged 
77.  He  was  one  of  the  first  lawyers  of  I'hila- 
delphia,  an  eminent  jurist,  respected  for  his  vari- 
ous learning,  and  an  honor  to  his  jirofession  for 
fifty  years.  He  ])ublished  an  address  to  the  ag- 
ricultural society,  1819;  a  view  of  the  constitu- 
tion of  the  United  States,  2d  edition,  1829  j  dis- 
course on  law,  1832. 


[  RAWSON,  EmvAliD,  secretary  of  :\ra>sarhn- 
I  setts  colony  aliove  forty  years. died  at  l)orili(ster 
I  in  l(i!)l,  a;,'(il  about  (iO.  He  <:iiuluat((l  at  Har- 
I  vard  in  Kl.j.'} ;  his  name  is  printed  iu  italics  ns  a 
minister.  His  son  (irindall,  born  in  lO.VS,  mar- 
I  ricd  _Susan,  daughter  of  Rev.  John  \\'i!M)n  of 
Medlicid,  and  had  eijjlit  sons  and  live  dauf^liters. 

R.VWSON,  Giit.MiAi.i,,  minister  of  Mendon, 
Mass.,  died  Feb.  (i,  17 lo,  aged  'li).  He  was  the 
son  of  .Secretary  I'.dwanl ;  was  graduated  at  Har- 
vard college  in  l(i7H,  and  was  ordained  successor 
of  Mr.  iMiierson  al)out  the  year  !(iSO,  when  there 
were  but  about  twenty  families  in  the  town.  Such 
was  his  benevolence,  that  he  studied  the  Indian 
language  that  he  might  be  able  to  preach  the 
gospel  of  salvation  to  the  Indians  in  Mendon. 
He  usually  iireachcd  to  them  in  their  own  tongue 
every  Sunday  evening.  His  discouragements 
were  great,  for  he  had  but  little  success;  but  he 
persevered  in  his  humane  exertions.  He  was 
highly  respected  for  his  talents,  ])iety,  and  be- 
nevolence. Ho  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Dorr. 
When  on  his  sick  bed,  as  he  was  reminded  of  his 
faithfulness  in  the  service  of  God,  he  rejilied : 
"O,  the  great  im])erfection  I  have  been  guilty  of! 
How  little  have  I  done  for  God  ! "  He  continued : 
"  If  it  were  not  for  the  imperfection  of  the  saints, 
there  would  be  no  need  of  a  Saviour.  In  the 
Lord  Jehovah  I  have  righteousness  and  strength." 
The  last  words  which  he  uttered  were :  "  Come, 
Lord  Jesus,  come  quickly."  He  published  tho 
election  sermon,  1709.  —  C.  Mather's  Death  of 
Good  Men. 

RAWSON,  GrinD/VLL,  first  minister  of  South 
Hadley,  and  of  Iladlymc  in  East  Iladdam,  Conn., 
died  in  1777,  aged  69.  The  son  of  Rev.  G.  R. 
of  Mendon,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1728. 
He  was  the  first  minister  of  South  Hadley,  Mass., 
from  1733  to  1741 ;  then  of  Iladlyme,  and  re- 
mained pastor  until  in  1745  he  was  dismissed. 

.  RAWSON,  GuiNDALL,  minister  of  Yarmouth, 
Mass.,  died  in  1794,  aged  73.  The  cousin  of  the 
preceding,  born  in  Milton,  he  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1741 ;  was  from  1751  to  1754  the 
minister  of  Ware ;  and  was  pastor  at  Yarmouth 
from  1755  to  1760.  —  fiprague's  Annals. 

RAWSON,  James,  D.  I).,  died  in  Ilungan's 
parish,  Virginia,  Aug.  26,  1854. 

RAY,  William,  a  poet,  died  at  Auburn,  N.  Y., 
in  1827,  aged  56.  lie  was  born  in  Salisbury, 
Conn.,  and  had  but  little  education.  After  several 
ineffectual  attemjits  to  provide  for  his  family, 
be  sailed  to  the  Mediterranean  in  1803  on  board 
the  frigate  riiiladeliihia,  which  struck  upon  a  rock 
near  Tripoli,  and  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Tripo- 
litans.  He  was  a  slave  for  a  year  and  a  half,  and 
bis  sufferings  were  great.  In  1809  he  settled  in 
Essex  county,  N.  Y. ;  but  was  unsuccessful  in 
trade.  In  the  war  of  1812  he  was  a  major  in  the 
detached  militia.    lie  afterwards  lived  in  Onon- 


RAY. 

(lapa.    His  vnliimo  of  ])ncms   wns   published  in 
18:J1.     In  till'  exordium  ho  says: 

"  Whon  you're  cnptunil  liy  n  Turk, 
?it  dnwii  jinil  wiltc  ii  Ix'ttiT  W(irk." 

—  ftpnr.  Anirr.  Purlri/,  U.  137. 

UW,  JdSKPii,  M.  i).,dicd  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
Ai>ril  1",  li^'j'i,  ii^'i'd  I.S.  lit'  was  an  I'niiiipiit 
teacher  in  varioi.s  ict's,  iind  i)ri'sl(h'iit  of  llii' 
AVoodward  hif;h  school.  Ik-  puhlishcd  three 
treatises  on  arithmetic,  and  two  on  iil-^cbra,  in 
good  repute  ut  the  west. 

IIAY.MOXI),  Wii.i.iAM,  cnjitnin,  commanded 
a  company  of  young  men  of  JSeverly  in  the  ex- 
jiedilion  to  Canada  in  1090  j  to  Ijim  and  them  a 
townsiiip  of  land  was  given  in  reward  of  their 
services.  'J'heir  pastor,  .Mr.  Hale,  was  chaplain. 
— 11.  liiintouVs  Memoir  of  llulc,  in  coll.  hist, 
soc.  Ud  series,  vol.  7. 

]{AYNEU,  Joii.v,  or  Iteyncr,  died  at  Dover, 
N.H.,  in  April,  KiC!),  jirohahly  as  old  as  70  years. 
]Ie  had  his  degree  at  Magdalen  college,  Cam- 
bridge, in  162J.  He  began  to  preach  at  I'ly- 
moiitli  about  March,  lG3o,  and  was  successor  of 
K.  Smith  as  the  teacher  from  1030  to  10o4, 
when  he  left  the  town  in  consequence  of  the  dim- 
inution of  his  church  by  emigration  and  of  pre- 
judices against  a  learned  ministry.  He  was 
installed  at  Dover  in  lGi57.  He  manifested  the 
Christian  virtues  and  was  on  able  und  faithful 
])reaclicr.  The  instruction  of  children  occujjied 
much  of  his  attention.  He  married  Frances 
Clark  of  JJoston  about  10-12. 

IIAYXEU,  Joii.N,  minister  of  Dover,  N.  H., 
died  in  Uraintree  Dec.  21,  1070,  aged  34.  The 
son  of  J.  llayner,  born  in  Plymouth  ;  he  gradu- 
ated in  1003,  und  settled  in  1071,  the  successor 
of  his  lather. 

lU'LM),  Gkougk,  chief  justice  of  Delaware, 
died  in  1798,  aged  01.  He  was  a  patriot  of  the 
lievohition,  was  of  Irish  descent,  aiul  borzi  in 
Maryland  in  1734.  After  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  he  relinquished  to  his  brothers  his  right 
to  two  shares  of  his  father's  estate.  He  was  at- 
torney-general of  the  three  lower  counties  from 
1703  till  177o.  In  August,  1774,  he  was  chosen 
a  member  of  congress  and  continued  in  that  body 
during  the  Ilevolutionary  war.  Though  he  voted 
against  the  declaration  of  indei)cndencc,  thinking 
it  i)rematurc,  yet  ho  signed  the  instrument,  and 
was  truly  a  friend  of  his  country.  He  presided 
in  the  convention  which  formed  tlic  lirst  consti- 
tution of  Delaware,  and  was  a  member  of  that 
which  formed  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States.  Ho  was  also  a  senator  of  the  United 
States,  and  chief  justice  from  1793  till  his  death. 
He  was  a  distinguished  judge,  and  in  jjrivate  life 
respectable  and  estimable.  —  Goodrich. 

HEAD,  Clement,  mhiister  in  Charlotte  county, 
Virginia,  died  in  1841,  aged  71. 


RED  JACKET. 


C95 


RE.\D,  Lnfiii,  Iirlgaiiicr-gcneral.  died  at  Tal- 
hilmssec.  I'jorida.in  In  1 1,  aged  .'11;  a  brave  cillictr 
in  the  Scniimile  war  in  1N30. 

Ul'..\l),  John,  a  great  lawyr  in  Massachu- 
setts, died  Feb.  7.  1719,  aged  about  72.  Ho 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1097.  He  was  a  man 
of  talents  and  integrily,  and  a  .•'riend  of  the  peo- 
j)le.  Ho  was  a  re|)reseMtative  ot  lloston  and  a 
councillor.  The  next  ago  was  fond  of  (juothig 
his  opinions  and  sayings.  —  Klinl. 

READ,  John,  M.  D.,  died  at  I'hiladelphia  in 
November,  1792. 

]{I':.\]),  Coi.i.iNSON,  published  abridgment  of 
the  laws  of  IVnnsylvania,  INOI. 

RE.VD,  ]).,  jjublished  Anu'rican  singing  book, 
also  a  new  collection  of  psalm  tunes,  Dedlmni, 
180,i. 

]{1:A1),  Thomas,  I).  D.,  died  at  Wilmington, 
Delaware,  in  1823.  He  was  nuniy  years  an  ex- 
cellent i)reacher  in  the  Presbyterian  church.  As 
ho  received  an  honorary  degree  at  Priiieet(m  in 
1772,  he  was  j)robably  aged  7.J  or  more  at  his 
death. —  Rev.  T.  R.  died  in  Montgomery  county, 
Maryland,  Jan.  5,  1838,  aged  90,  nearly  forty 
years  rector  of  Prince  George's  j)arish. 

Rl'l.VD,  AVii.i.iAM,  doctor,  died  at  Charleston, 
S.  C,  April  20,  1840,  aged  91.  He  had  the  rank 
of  lieutenant-colonel,  and  was  of  Washington's 
staif  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution. 

RE.VD,  Nathan,  judge,  died  in  Hallowell, 
Maine,  Jan.  20,1849,  aged  89.  He  graduated 
in  1781,  and  soon  ojioncd  a  school  in  Salem  for 
young  ladies,  and  he  became  noted  for  his  me- 
chanical science  and  inventions.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  congress  from  Essex  county  in  1801.  He 
emigrated  to  Maine.  Of  the  American  academy 
ho  was  a  member.  Such  were  his  high  inventive 
powers,  that  before  F\dton  he  applied  steam  to 
navigation,  but  with  jjaddles  instead  of  wheels. 

READING,  Thomas,  a  distinguished  patriot 
of  the  Revolution,  died  near  Fleminglon,  N.  J., 
in  1814,  aged  81.  He  was  religious  from  youth ; 
in  dying  ho  said,  "  I  am  now  ready  to  be  offered." 

REAM,  Jekemiah,  a  preacher  in  Sumter  dis- 
trict, South  Carolina,  after  he  was  ninety  years 
old  ;  died  after  1797,  aged  100.  —  Uuiiisaij. 

REDFIELD,  AViei.iam  C,  died  in  New  York 
Feb.  12,  18j7,  aged  08.  Rorn  in  ^liddletown, 
Conn.,  ho  came  to  New  York  in  182j.  He  was 
a  man  of  science  and  /oalously  jiromotod  steam 
navigation.  In  1828  he  published  a  j)aper  on  a 
route  of  a  great  western  railway.  He  began 
early  to  study  the  theory  of  storms.  His  writ- 
ings on  meteorology  appeared  in  the  .American 
journal  of  science,  and  in  the  nautical  magazines 
and  journals.  He  gave  much  attention  also  to 
geology. 

RED  JACKET,  chief  of  the  Seneca  Indians, 
died  near  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  20,  1830,  aged  80. 
llis    Indian  name   was   Sagryuwhahad,  Keeper 


69G 


REDLOX. 


REED. 


Awnkc.  Tic  had  iilwavH  Hfrcnuoii.sly  opposed  the 
introduclidii  of  Christianity,  of  mIiooIs,  and  of  tlic 
arts  of  civih'<od  Hfi-  unions  liis  pcojilc.  Ileforu 
liis  doiith  h(  was  rt'storcd  to  hit  (li;,'nity  of  fiiii'f, 
from  whi' '.  Iio  had  licuu  di'|)o.scd  ii  few  years  for 
liis  iiiteinjieraiice  and  other  viees.  IUn  peojih' 
were  divided  into  the  Christian  party  and  tlie 
liciithen  party.  He  ihed  u  pa;,'an  ;  reqnesting 
his  wife  to  put  into  liis  liand  when  he  was  ahout 
to  die  a  vial  of  water,  that,  as  the  devil  inif,'ht  al- 
temjit  to  take  his  soul,  he  niif,'ht  thus  he  secure. 
This  e.\])edient  nn'f;ht  have  heeii  the  result  of  a 
dream,  or  of  the  Catholic  practice  of  spriuklinfj 
with  Iioly  water. 

REDLOX,  SAiuir,  died  nt  Duxton,  Maine, 
Dec.  20,  \H,')l'>,  aged  100;  the  widow  of  Ehcnezer 
R.,  n  Revolutionary  soldier.  She  retained  her 
faculties  in  old  nge.  The  mother  of  eleven  chil- 
dren, lier  descendants  were  two  hundred  and 
Bcventy-threc. 

RjiDMAN,  John,    M.  D,,  first  i)residcnt  of 
the   collej^e  of  ])hysicians  of  I'hiladeljjhia,   died 
March  10,  18()H,  aged  80.     He  was  horn  in  that 
city  Eel).  27,  1722.     After  finishing  his  jwcpara- 
tory  education   in   Mr.   Tcnnent's   academy,  he 
entered   uj)on   the   study  of  jihysic   with   John 
Kcarsely,  tlien  one  of  the  most  respectable  physi- 
cians of  l'hiladel])hia.     AVlien  lie  commenced  tlie 
practice  of  his  profession  lie  went  to  Bermuda, 
where  he  continued  for  several  years.     Thence 
he  jirocecded  to  Eurojic  for  the  i)urpose  of  j)er- 
fecting  his  ac(piaintancewitli  medicine.     He  lived 
one  year  in   Edinburgh  ;  he   attended   lectures, 
dissections,  and  the  hospitals  in   Paris;  he  was 
graduated  at   Lcyden  in  July,  1748;  and,  after 
passhig  some  time  at  Gray's  hos])ital,  he  returned 
to  America,  and  settled  in  his  native  city,  where 
he  soon  gained  great  and  deserved  celebrity.    In 
the  evenuig  of  his  life  he  withdrew  from  the  labors 
of  his  jirofession  ;  but  it  was  only  to  engage  in 
business  of  another  kind.     In  the  year  1781  he 
was  elected  an  elder  of  the  second  rresbyteiian 
church,  and  the  benevolent  duties  of  this  olfice 
cniijloyed  him  and  gave  him  delight.     The  death 
of  his  jDunger  daughter  in   1800  was  soon  suc- 
ceeded by  the  death  of  his  wife,  with  whom  he 
had   lived   nearly  sixty  years.     II-  liinisclf  soon 
died  of  the  ai)0])lexy.     lie  was  below  the  middle 
stature ;  his  complexion  was  dark  and  his  eyes 
animated.     In  the  former  part  of  his  life  he  pos- 
sessed an   irritiible   temjier,  hut  his   anger  was 
transient,  and  he  was   known  to  make  acknow- 
ledgments to  his  pupils  and  servants  for  a  hasty 
expression.     He  was  a  decided  friend  to  dcj)le- 
tioii   in    all  the  violent  diseases  of  our  country. 
He  bled  freely  in   the  yellow  fever  of  17G2,  and 
threw  the  weight  of  his  venerable  name  into  the 
scale  of  the  same  remedy  in   the  year  1703.     In 
the  diseases  of  old  age  he  considered  small  and 
frequent  bleedings  as  the  first  of  remedies.     lie 


pntrrtalned  a  high  o|)Iiiion  of  mercury  in  nil 
ihroniL  discasrs,  and  he  gave  it  in  the  ni'linal 
smidl  pox,  with  the  view  of  touching  the  salivary 
glands  al)out  the  turn  of  the  pock,  lie  intro- 
duced the  use  of  turbith  mineral  as  an  emetic  in 
the  gangrenous  sore  throat  of  17(11.  Towiirils 
the  ♦lose  of  his  life  he  read  the  later  mcdiciil 
writers,  and  embraced  with  avidity  some  of  the 
modern  o]iiiiioiis  luid  modes  of  jiractiee.  In  a 
sick  room  his  talents  were  ]jcculiar.  He  sus- 
pended pain  by  his  soothing  manner,  or  chased 
it  away  liy  his  eonversalion,  which  was  oecasicju- 
ally  facetious  and  full  of  r.necdoles,  or  serious  and 
instructing.  He  was  remark.'t<)ly  attached  to  ;i. 
the  nieml)ers  of  his  family.  At  the  funeral  of 
his  brother,  Josejih  R.,  in  1770,  alter  the  com- 
pany were  assembled,  he  rose  from  his  seat,  and, 
gras])ing  the  lifeless  hand  of  his  brother,  said: 
"  I  declare  in  the  presence  of  (iod  and  of  this 
comjiany,  that  in  the  whole  course  of  our  lives 
no  angry  word  nor  look  has  ever  passed  between 
this  dear  brother  and  me."  He  then  kneeled 
down  by  the  side  of  his  coflin,  and  implored  the 
favor  of  God  to  his  widow  and  children.  He  was 
an  eminent  Christian.  While  he  was  not  ashamed 
of  the  gos|)el  of  Christ,  he  thought  humbly  of 
himself,  and  lamented  his  slender  attainments  in 
religion.  His  piety  was  accomjianied  Ijy  benevo- 
lence and  charity.  He  gave  liberally  to  the  jioor. 
Such  was  the  cheerfulness  of  his  temjier,  that 
upon  serious  subjects  he  was  never  gh)omy.  He 
sjioke  often  of  death,  and  of  the  scenes  which 
await  the  soul  alter  Its  separation  from  the  bodv, 
with  perfect  composure.  He  published  an  inau- 
gural dissertation  on  abortion,  1748 ;  and  a  de- 
fence of  inoculation,  1750. 

REDMAN,  J()si;i'ii,  Dr.,  died  at  Bordentown, 
X.  .!.,  in  1818:  he  had  lived  in  Thiladelijliia. 

REDWOOD,  AiiUAiiAM,  a  friend  of  learning, 
died  in  Xewjjort,  R.  I.,  hi  1788,  aged  78.  He 
was  a  (iuaker,  and  came  from  Antigua  to  Xew- 
port.  In  17;5()  a  number  of  gentlemen  formed  a 
society  for  the  ])romotion  of  knowledge  and  vir- 
tue.    The    establishment    of    a    library    beiii"' 

If  O 

deemed  important,  Mr.  Redwood  gave  MO 
])ounds  sterling  for  the  ])urpose.  In  consc(iuciiec 
an  incorporation  was  obtained  for  the  comjKinv  of 
the  Redwood  library ;  Mr.  Collins  gave  u  lot  of 
laud;  and  wealthy  citizens  subscribed  .j,()()0 
pounds.  The  building  was  finished  in  I7,j0. 
The  British  troD])s  in  the  war  carried  away  some 
of  the  finest  works  ;  but  the  library  now  contains 
six  or  seven  thousand  volumes.  —  Cijrt.  of  Amcr. 
Lit. 

REED,  John,  an  eminent  lawyer  of  Danbuiy, 
Conn.,  settled  there  jjerhajis  before  the  begiiiiu'iig 
of  the  last  century.  He  was  as  singular  as  lie 
wari  learned.  Anecdotes  of  him  may  yet  be  ])rc- 
served  in  I). 

REED,  Joseph,  general,  president  of  rcim- 


iir.i:i). 


nr.Ki). 


607 


Kvlvniiia,  ilicil  M:ircli  I,  ITS.'),  njfcd    13.     Ho  wns| 
liiirn  in   Ni'"  .(fi>ry  Aii^'.  L'T,  17II,.iiiil  t,'rutlii- 
ritcil  iit  I'liiici'tiiM  ill  IT.)",     lie   studied   law  with  ' 
]t.  Stiickloii !  alMi  at  llic  'Irniplc  in  I.hikIoii.     On 
hiH  riturii  ho  ri-Hidrd  in  I'liiladclphia,  wiicrc  lii' 
was  one  (if  the-  ronmilttt'c  ol'  correspondence  in 
ITTl    anil    prenidcnt    of    tlie    ennvcnlion.      He 
n('('oni]ianied  Wasliiii;;ton  to   Canilnidice  in  .Inly, 
]TT.»,  and  as  his  aid  and  secretary  remained  with 
him  diiriii;;  the  campai),'ii.     In  I  hi'  cainpai),'n  of 
1TT(>  he  was  adjulant-jjeiieral,  and   proved  hini- 
Bclt'  a  brave,  active,  and  nseful  oflicor.     Ity  direc- 
tion of  WanhiiiKtoii,  he  coiiperaled   in   the   alfair 
of  I'rinceton,  by  attackiii);  the  nei>;hborinn  Ilritisii 
posts.     In    the  Kjirinp;  of  ITTT  lie  waH  appointed 
ft  f;eneral  oflicur  in  the  cavalry,  but  declined   the 
station,  though  he  still  attended  the  army.     He 
was  en){af»ed  in  the  battle  of  (jlcrmaiitowu.     In 
177T  lie  was  chosen  a  member  of  congress,     In 
Mav,  1TT8,  when  he  was  a  member  of  emigrcss, 
the  three  commissionors  from  iMigland  arrived  in 
America.     Gov.    JohiiKtunc,   one   of   them,   ad- 
dressed jirivatc  letters  to   F.  Darn,  1{.  Morris, 
and  Mr  Iteed  to  secure  their  influence  towards 
the  restoration  of  harmony,  f,''^''"t?  *"  '''t'  two 
latter  intimations   of  honors    and   emoluments. 
Hut  he  addressed  himself  to  men  who  were  (Irni 
in  their  attachment  to  America.     Mr.  llecd  had 
a  yet  severer  trial,  for  direct  propositions  were 
made  to  him  in  June,  through  the  agency  of  an 
accomiilished  American  lady,  known  to  be  Mrs. 
Ferguson,  wife  of  llcnry  Hugh  F.,  a  Scotchman, 
who  joined  the  British.    She  assured  him,  as  from 
Gov.  Johnstone,  that   1(),()()0  pounds  sterling  and 
the  best  ollicc  in  the  gift  of  the  crown  in  America 
should  be  at  his  disposal,  if  he  could  efl'cct  a  re- 
union  of  the   two  countries.     Ho  replied,  that 
"  lie  was  not  worth  ])urcliasiiig;  but,  such  as  he 
was,  the   king  of  Great   Uritain   was  not  rich 
enough  to  do  it."    In  Oct.,  17T8,  he  was  chosen 
president  of  Pennsylvania,  and  ho  continued  in 
this  office  till  Oct.,  1781.     During  his  adminis- 
tration violent  jiarties   sprung  up  frimi  various 
causes,  as  the  paper  currency,  opposition  to  the 
State  constitution,  and  personal  nmbition,  and  ho 
was  rudely  assailed,  as   many  other  illustrious 
men  have  been,  in  the  ]iublic  ])apcrs,  tho  vehiclos 
of  ])assion  and  slander.     Yet  he  remained  in  of- 
fice so  long  as  he  was  oligllilo  ;  and  then  returned 
to  the  profession  of  the  law.     He  was  content  to 
rest    tho    merits   of  his  administration   on   the 
arrangements  for  establishing  the  university,  for 
the  gradual  abolition  of  slavery,  and  tho  demo- 
lition of  proprietary  l)o\vor.     He  ever  enjoyed  the 
confidence  of  Wa.sliiiigton  and  Greene.    In  1784 
ho  visited  England  for  his  health,     llis  wife  was 
the  daughter  of  Dennis  Do  Itordt,  an  eminent 
merchant  of  London  and  agent  for  Massachu- 
setts ;  bis  son,  Jos.  R.,  was  a  respected  citizen  of 
Philadelpliia  j  liis  youngest  son,  Geo.  \V.  II.,  cdu- 


ratcd  at  I'rinceton.  ser\id  under  Peratin  in  \H(\\ ; 
coiiiniaiiiieil  the  \i\en  bilg-ip|-war  in  the  war  i.f 
iSlL'i  and  dill!  a  priMHiei  in  I'luiiand.  (ieii,  l{. 
was  pure  in  nmrals  mid  imli.-lied  In  nianiierM.  He 
published  riinarkN  on  JohnKtone's  speech,  with 
papers  relative  to  lii'^  propositions,  etc.,  lTTi>| 
remarks  on  a  pubiiciitioii  in  the  (ln/etteer,  witii 
an  address  to  the  piople  cm  the  in, my  libels,  etc., 
ITs.J.  This  was  aililressed  to  Gen.  Cadwallader, 
will)  replied.  —  Mursliiill,  III,  .VJ!I,  .■(11;  /I'n./c/-,*. 
U1'',1''.D,  Siii.DMiiN,  minister  of  .Middlebormigh, 
Mass.,  died  in  ITMo,  aged  fis.  Horn  in  .Miington, 
he  graduated  at  Har\aid  in  IT.')!):  was  ordained 
minister  111'  l''raiiiingliaiii  in  IT  IT;  and  installed 
at  M.  in  M'll.  Of  bis  sons,  John  was  al'iiitarian 
minister!  Sii|iimon,the  inlnisler  of  Petersham,  died 
in  INOH.iiged,).-)  •  mid  Samuel, the  ministerof  War- 
wick, died  ill  IMli!,  aged  oT.  —  Siinii/iic'n  AiiikiIs. 
UI'.I',! ),  Si  ii.oMi  IN,  minister  of  Petersham,  .Masd., 
died  in  IHOM,  aged  ri.'t.  Horn  in  .Middlebormigh, 
he  graduated  at  Yale  in  ITTS,  and  was  pastor 
from  1780  to  18()(». 

IIKKD,  Sami'i:i„  minister  of  Warwick,  Mass., 
died  in  l8l'J,  aged  o'l,  Itorn  in  Middleborough, 
he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1 778,  uiid  was  set- 
tled in  17Ti). 

lil'.KD,  Jdii.v,  D.  ]).,  minister  of  West  Hridge- 
water,  Mass.,  dii'd  Feb.  17,  18,'Jl,age(l  80.  Ho 
was  the  son  of  Solomon  IL,  minister  of  Middle- 
borough  j  was  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1772, 
and  ordained  as  colleague  with  D.  Perkins  Juno 
7,  1780.  He  and  his  two  jircdeccssois,  D.  Per- 
kins and  J.  Keith,  occu]iied  one  hundred  and 
sixty-seven  years  j  that  is,  Mr.  Keith  from  1004 
to  1719,  Mr.  Perkins  from  1721  to  1782,  and  Dr. 
II.  from  1780  to  IS.'M.  Ho  was  a  member  of 
congress.  Ho  published  a  convention  sermon, 
1807;  before  the  Plymouth  association,  1810;  a 
treatise  on  baptism,  12mo. 

UI'-I'^D,  Wii.i.iAM,  a  missionary,  dioi  on  his 
return  from  India  in  18,'H. 

UKKD.  Ai;(ii's'n-s  H.,  minister  of 'Ware,  Mass., 
died  in  1838,  aged  38.  Ho  graduated  at  Provi- 
dence in  1821. 

IlEKD,  Nei.sov,  died  at  Unltimoro  in  1840, 
aged  88 ;  tho  oldest  Methodist  minister  in  the 
United  States. 

HEED,  Jc)si;ril,  died  hi  Ilordentown,  N.  J., 
Jan.  7,  1843,  aged  95.  He  was  a  soldier  of  the 
llevolution :  his  father  was  one  of  tho  first  set- 
tlers in  the  region  in  which  he  lived. 

RF.ED,  John,  D.  I).,  died  at  Pouglikeepsie, 
N.  Y.,  July  0,  1845,  aged  08. 

llI'jED,  Isaac;  (}.,  colonel,  died  in  Waldobor- 
ough  Feb.  20,  1847,  aged  (i3.  His  father,  Isaac, 
was  a  graduate  of  Cambridge  ;  his  mother,  Mary, 
was  tho  daughter  of  Isaac  Gardner,  who  was 
slain  April  10,  1775.  Ho  graduated  at  Cam- 
bridge in  1803,  studied  law,  and  settled  in  "W. 
lie  was  a  legislator  of  Massachusetts  and  Maine, 


C98 


nr.KD. 


nnii.AY. 


A  mr-mbor  nT  tlio  Miiiiic  ronvcntlon,  ami  lie  ilr- 
tii|(iu'il  iiiiil  |ir('|iiiri'(l  llic  >Stnt('  niuI,  lie  wim  ii 
wortliy  Clirisiiiiii  profriiKor,  niid  dicil  in  iiciici'. 

IIKKI),  {'am  n,  II  nr;nluiit('  v(  lsi7,  wiix  the 
■on  of  Krv,  JoliM  Itrcil,  anil  (Hid  in  lln^toii  Oct. 
M,  IHol,  n^i'il -iT.     Ill'  imlili^liril   ii  Miiiill  worit, 

—  the  Ki'iirrul  |)rinii|ilcs  nl'  l',iiKii>li  j^riiniiiiar, — 
18;»1.  For  morn  tlmn  twinty  yinrs  lir  wim  idilor 
of  the  New  JcriiMali'in  miiKazini',  anil  u  liilii'ViT 
in  the  strunj^o  notioiiH  of  llie  Swi'diiiboiKiiin  ho- 
cicty. 

RKEI),  Wll.i.lAM,  dicil  nt  MnrMclu-nd,  dtid- 
denly,  I'Vb.  IH,  1h;17,  ngi'd  00,  wiiiln  uttiiidinj< 
the  nu'i'fin;;  of  the  Siiniluy  Htbnol  childri'ii.  lie 
waa  an  cmiiii-nt  nuTctianf,  and  of  ii  licncvoli'Mt 
and  religious  character.  He  wuh  a  member  of 
congress  from  IHII  to  181,0  j  wan  prcNideiit  of 
the  Sabbath  Nchool  union  of  iMaHHneiuiNettK,  and 
of  the  American  tract  Kociety,  and  a  member  of 
tho  board  of  visitorH  of  the  theological  Kemiiiary 
at  Andovcr,  and  of  the  truMteea  of  Dartmouth 
college,  lie  left  CH.OOO  dollars  to  benevolent 
objects)  of  which  17,000  were  to  Dartmouth  col- 
lege, 10,000  to  Amherst,  lO.OOO  to  the  American 
board  of  missions,  0,000  and  7,000  to  tho  two 
churches  of  Marblehead,  and  0,000  to  increase 
the  library  of  Andovcr  seminary. 

RKED,  IIkmiy,  jirofeHsor  of  Knglish  litera- 
ture in  the  university  of  I'cnnsylvania,  jierished 
on  his  return  from  Europe  in  the  steamer  Arctic, 
Sept.  27,  1S5-1,  aged  10.  He  was  a  grandson  of 
the  patrii/i  Jose])h  Iteed,  and  graduated  at  the 
university  in  1820.  His  wife  was  Elizabeth  W. 
lironson,  a  grand-daughter  of  Ilishop  White.  He 
studied  law,  and  was  an  eminent  scliolar  and 
teacher.  lie  edited  a  dictionary,  and  Arnold's 
lectures  on  history;  he  wrote  essays  and  reviews, 
and  a  life  of  General  Heed.  Since  liis  death,  his 
brother,  W.  H.  Keed,  has  jjublished  his  lectures 
on  English  literature,  from  Chaucer  to  Tennyson. 

—  Cycl.  of  Amcr.  Lit. 

REED,  Hannah,  widow  of  William  Reed, 
died  at  Marblehead  May  10,  185o,  aged  about  77. 
Her  maiden  name  was  Ilooiier,  of  one  of  the 
principol  families  of  M.  Her  house  was  the  seat 
of  hospitality,  and  she  was  always  engaged  in 
works  of  charity.  In  attending  distant  me-etings 
of  tho  American  board  of  missions,  she  some- 
times took  with)  her,  at  her  own  exjiense,  half  a 
dozen  femole  compauions.  She  was  a  most  ac- 
comphshed  lady  and  eminent  Christia!i. 

REESE,  Thomas,  D.  D.,  minister  in  South 
Carolina,  was  graduated  at  the  college  of  New 
Jersey  in  170H,  and  was  for  several  years  settled 
over  the  Presbyterian  church  at  Salem,  S.  C.  He 
died  at  Charleston  in  Aug.,  1706.  He  published 
an  essay  on  the  influence  of  religion  in  civil  soci- 
ety, 17tS8;  death  of  Christians  is  gain,  in  Ameri- 
can preacher,  i. ;  and  the  character  of  Ilaman,  in 
ibid.  vol.  II, 


lirr.*!IDr,  Jami  s,  Inng  «  fummm  mail  ron- 
tractor,  lullril  "  the  land  udniiral,"  ditil  at  I'liila* 
di'ljihiii  in  INI'.'. 

HKEVi;.  i;/ii\,  minister  of  lloilniid.  Mai.ii. 
iliiil  in  |H|N,  iigi  >|  K'l.  Iliirn  on  Long  Isjiuiil,  he 
gniiliiiitcil  at  Vale  in  I'.u,  ami  Was  settled  it) 
I7N,« 

lU'.EVE.TAi'riMi.ibiif  justice  of  ('oniieftlrnf, 
died  at  I.itdiliild  Dec.  I.'t,  INj.-i,  aged  70.  lie 
was  the  son  of  .Miner  II,,  niinihter  of  llrooklm- 
veil,  I,.  I.,  was  born  in  Ort,,  1711;  waMgraibialcil 
in  I7<l,'i  lit  I'rinci'lon  ciillcgc  I  and  entcrid  upon 
the  profrsKion  of  the  law  at  l.itchtii'lil,  Conn.,  in 
177L*.  He  was  a  patriot  in  the  time  of  (lie  Ilevii- 
liition.  He  was  a  judge  of  the  superior  court 
from  170N  till  be  was  7o  years  old.  In  170'J  he 
eomnienced  a  law  school,  and  continued  to  give 
lei'tures  to  students  at  law  nearly  thirty  years  till 
1S20.  His  pii]iils  were  numerous.  His  first 
wile,  the  daughter  of  I'res.  Jturr,  wos  in  feeble 
health,  demanding  his  care,  for  twenty  years. 
His  only  child,  Aoron  Ilurr  R.,  died  Sept.  I, 
IHOK,  oged  28.  He  was  not  only  a  ])rof(iund  law- 
yer, but  also  an  eminent  Christian.  Much  of  liin 
time  was  employed  in  devotion.  He  was  accus- 
tomed to  jiray  particularly  for  the  conversion  of 
individuals  among  his  ac(|iiaintance.  His  chari- 
ties were  extensive.  His  minister  said  of  him : 
"  I  have  never  known  a  man  who  loved  so  many 
jiersons  with  such  ardor,  and  v,  is  himself  beloved 
by  so  many."  He  publishcil  a  tract  on  the  do- 
mestic relations,  1810. —  liecrhrr'n  Fun.  Scrmnn. 

RI'.ID,  (iivoiu;!;,  general,  died  in  Londonderry, 
N.  II.,  in  181.5,  aged  81.  He  was  a  colonel  in 
the  war,  in  17M0;  in  1785  was  brigadier-general 
of  the  militia)  in  1701  sherilf  of  Rockingham. 

REID,  John,  major,  aid  to  (Jeneral  Jackson, 
died  in  1810.  He  was  born  in  Camjibell  county, 
Va.,  and  wos  the  son  of  Major  Nathan  Reid,  a 
hero  of  the  Revolution.  I'.ducated  at  Lexington, 
Rockbridge  cou!ity,  ho  settled  as  a  lawyer  in  Ten- 
nessee, and  afterwards  in  New  Orleans,  where  liia 
inactiee  was  very  ])rofilable.  Uecmning  aid  to 
Jackson,  he  manifi^sted  a  commendable  humanity 
in  the  war  with  the  Creeks.  He  was  an  able  of- 
ficer. He  died  at  the  house  of  his  I'alher,  of  tliu 
typhoid  pneumonia.  —  Nulional  Jtfijiiitcr,  vol.  i. 

REID,  RoHKUT  R.,  governor  of  Eloridn,  died 
near  Tallahassee  in  1841,  aged  01.  IJorn  in 
South  Carolina,  he  was  n  member  of  conf,rcss 
from  Georgia,  and  a  judge  of  the  superior  court. 
Mr.  Van  Uuren  appointed  him  governor  in  INUI). 
He  was  a  (scholar  and  jurist,  and  of  a  kindly 
temper. 

REID,  Jaukd,  minister  of  Relchcrtown,  Mn.ss., 
died  in  IS-yl,  aged  obout  08.  Uoni  in  Colchester, 
Conn.,  he  graduated  ((t  Yale  in  1817,  and  was  set- 
tled in  18a;j,  as  the  successor  of  L.  Coleman. 

REILAY,  John,  captain,  died  in  Troy,  N.  Y., 
in  1838,  oged  104. 


nEINKKR. 


nr.YNoi.Ds. 


cm 


ni'.rVKrH,  Ahuamvm,  a  Mipr.i\iim  mlnUtcr, '  prndmi    nf   *h<    )ii'i)|ilc,    (Jm-   nuiii   onlx,   Mr. 

(lidliil   l.ill/.  I'ii.  ill   l"*;!'!.  iit;i  il  7n.  i  I'raH    nl'    (  lirl-cil.    ln-it.iliil ;   liiit    lie,    wliiii    the 

liI'.MIN'i  I  ON.  JoNMiMN,  jiiil;,'!'  of  till'  Ml-  t'liit  r  jiiviii  (' lull!  I,i  11  il  miH  iiiuiuiKiriiiiit  wli^tliiT 
prrmc  cmirl  I  r  Mii'-mii'IiiimII",  ilii  d  at  Cainlirid^'t'  llii' criittii  or  .llif  |ir<iviiui'  paiil  llir  oalaricfi,  rc- 
,Sr|it.  .'JO.  I7I'»,  iiKi'il  nlxmt  "(t.  lie  ^rail'ialcil  at  joiiu'tl,  "  I  won't  mirft,"  'riii»  wiih  the  liiit  (jranil 
IlarMird  in  liIiMl,  and  wan  tlic  ficond  lutur  frniii  Jury  iif  llir  rrnwn.  In  1"".»  lir  rii};ravi<l  the 
17i)7  111  1711.     II.  I'ImiI  w.ii.  iIic  lir>l.  I  |ilalt<H  tor  lln'  Ma-f  arliiiMllH  |iii])t'r  niniiry  ;  and 

Itr.Ni^llAW,  .Iami.s,  coniniodiiic  in  tin- navy  llic  prciviiicial  ('iili>;ri  ^s  m  iit  liiin  In  l'liiliidil|iliin 
(if  tlic  I  iiili'd  Statci,  di'd  at  \VaNliiii)^'luii  in  May,  Id  M--il  llic  only  |n)\vili'r-liiill,  to  Irani  llir  art  nf 
IsKi.  M^'i'il  li'J.  !  nvilviii^  powdrr.     On  liii*  rrliirn  lie  set   nji  a  mill. 

UI'.N  I'.li.  JiilIN,  line  (iC  till' llvr  llr>t  iiiidrita- i  lli' wan  cinpiiiu'd  on  iilliir  ('iiii(idinliul  ImsinriH. 
kcTH  of  Ni'w  I'.nnland,  and  an  nHHi«tant  in  KiiMl,  I  IIiMvan  one  of  thoHc  wlio  planned  llic  drslriicliim 
rctiirni'd  to  Mntjlaiid  in  Ui.'IO  or  Ki.'H.  'llic  |  of  llic  tra  in  Itnstim  liarlmr.  lie  liciniijjcd  In  n 
(itliir  four  were  NN'iiillirop,  I)ndlcy,  JoliiiMm,  and  (111!)  of  palriulic  \iiuiif'  nun,  eoneeriuiiff  wlinno 
Sallonstall.        J^lint.  I  npcraliiins  a  Idler  of  his  i:,  in  print.     He  lieramo 

UI'',Vl'!Ui'',,    I'aI'I.,   colonel,   a    patriot   and   a    a   licuienanl-eolcincl  in  the  rcjjiniciil  lor  the  dc- 


a 
inoNt  ingeniouN  artist,  died  in  DonIoii  in  May, 
IHIS,  a){ed  N.'J.  He  was  liorn  in  1(.  in  Decemlicr, 
17!n.  or  Jan.  1,  17.').'),  new  style.  The  name  was 
wrillen  llivoire  liy  his  ancestors  in  I''ranre.  His 
^raiulfallier,  n  lliijjueiiot,  emixraled  from  St. 
J''oy  toCiueriiKey  Island.  His  father,  when  a  lioy, 
was  sent  to  lloston  to  learn  the  trade  of  a  gidd- 
Miiilli;  married  there,  and  I'aiil  was  his  eldest 
son.  He  was  lironj^ht  up  to  his  father's  trade; 
was  skilful  with  thej^raver;  and  having  a  taste 
for  diawiiif.',  executed  all  the  enf;ravin}?H  on  silver 
iilale.  In  the  war  of  17,3(i  he  was  a  lieutenant  of 
artillery  in  the  army,  and  was  stationed  at  fort 
Kdward  on  I.ake  Ocorj^e.  On  his  return  he 
married  and  settled  down  for  life  as  ii  g(ddsniilli, 
dee]ily  interested  in  various  nieelmnical  and  man- 
ufatturinf,'  arts.  He  studied  ineclianits  as  a  sci- 
ence. In  the  art  of  eiifjraviiifi;  on  co]iper  he  was 
sell-instructed.  One  of  his  first  ])roduetions  was 
an  eiifjraved  jiortrait  of  his  friend  ])r.  Mayhew, 
whose  ministry,  to  the  ffrief  of  his  father,  he  was 
disjiosed  to  attend  ;  another  was  a  re]iresentat!on 
of  the  repeal  n!'  ihestam]i  act  in  1700.  Another 
was  '■  jiTcat  note.  The  house  of  re|)rcscntatives 
had  isKucd,  ill  1 70S,  a  circular  to  the  other  prov- 
inces on  the  alarming  claims  of  the  mother  coun- 
try-. Gov.  llornard  required  them  to  rescind  it ; 
feuti  for  com))liancc  tliere  were  only  seventeen 
rtitcs,  while  ninety-two  stood  firm.  The  scven- 
eiiteen  rescindors,  as  they  were  called,  were 
treated  with  great  contemiit.  Mr.  ]{evere  lent 
Ills  art  to  the  side  of  the   peo])lc.    The  design 


fence  of  Ihc  State.  The  irunnions  of  the  cannon 
licing  liroken  off  liy  the  llriiish  us  ilicy  left  castlo 
William,  SVasliiiiglon  called  on  Mr.  Ilcverc  to 
render  them  useful,  which  he  did  liy  a  new  car- 
riage. After  ihe  peace  he  creeled  an  air-furnace 
and  cast  church  hells  and  hrass  cannon.  HiH 
mills  were  at  Canton,  near  lloston.  He  vva.i  flr»t 
president  of  the  choritatile  mechanic  nsHociution, 
and  a  lihcral  supjiorter  of  various  licnevolent  in- 
sliiuiions.  He  prospered  and  educated  a  largo 
liiniilv  of  children,  who  venerated  the  memory  of 
such  a  father.  His  large  house  was  in  Iti^nnct 
street.  His  son,  .losejih  W.  Hevere,  lives  ih  IJoa- 
ton.  His  youngest  son  was  I)r.  John  Itcvcre. 
His  letter,  referred  to,  relating  to  the  affairs  of 
177.'),  is  in  historical  collections,  vol.  V.  Notices 
of  him  arc  in  New  I'.ngland  magazine,  and  in 
annals  of  Massachusells  mechanic  association, 
IS.j.'J.  The  magazine  has  a  fine  lithograph  of 
him  from  a  painting  liy  Stuart.  —  N.E.Mag,, 
III.  ;{().>. 

RllVKIU',  John,  M.  1).,  died  at  New  York 
April 'JO.  IN  17,  aged  (JO.  He  was  a  professor  in 
the  nuilicalschoid  of  the  university  of  New  York  j 
also  in  Jetferson  college,  I'hiladelphiai  a  graduate 
of  Harvard  in  1S()7. 

IlEXrOlU),  Ki.iJAii,  the  first  minister  of 
Monroe,  Conn.,  died  in  1807,  aged  nhout  CO. 
He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1703;  was  settled  in 
1700 ;  and  was  succeeded  hy  Chaunccy  G.  Lee 
in  18121. 

JIEYNOLPS,  Methodist    hishop    in  Canada, 
was  a  ])airof  ojien  shark's  jaws,  with  flames  issn-    died  at  Hamilton,  Canada  West,  Jan.  17,  1857, 


iiig.  and  the  devil  with  a  ])itchl'ork  driving  the  re- 
scinders  into  the  "warm  ]ilacc,"  iis  it  w  i  died. 
The  foremost  of  them,  supposed  to  he  .Mr.  llug- 
gles  of  Worcester,  seeming  reluctant,  a  special 
winged  agent,  witli  his  fork,  is  flung  towards  him, 
saving,  "Push  on,  Tim."  In  1770  he  i.uhlished 
an  engraved  jirint  of  the  massacre  in  King  street 
March  6,  1770,  of  which  a  lithograjjh  has  been 
rcpulilishcd.  In  the  same  year  he  was  one  of  the 
grandjury,  which  refused   to  act,  in  consequence 


aged  71.  He  was  horn  at  Clynehill,  near  Hud- 
son, N.  Y.,  and  had  been  a  jiroacher  fifty  years. 
His  last  sermon  was  from  this  text :  "  For  there 
shall  he  no  night  there." 

llKYNOLDS,l'Kn-.s,ministerofEnfield,Conn., 
died  May  11,  1 70S,  aged  07.  Born  in  Bristol, 
U.  I.,  he  gradual  'd  at  Yale  in  17'J0,  and  was  in 
the  ministry  at  K.  42  years.  The  jKietic  inscrip- 
tion on  his  monument  is  jircserved.  He  p'.'.b- 
lishcd  the  eleciion  sermon,  \'61.  — Barber's  Jliat- 


of  an  act  of  parliament  making  the  judges  inde-  [  Coll.  of  Conn. 


700 


REYNOLDS. 


RICH. 


REYNOLDS,  Joseph,  died  at  Whitehtill,  N.  Y., 
Sept.  10,  1840,  aged  100;  a  Ucvolutionar,  officer, 
a  pensioner  as  a  lieutenant  in  the  United  States 
army.  . 

REYNOLDS,  Thomas,  governor  of  Missouri, 
killed  himself  at  Jeilerson  city  Feb.  9,  1844,  aged 
61.  It  is  said  he  assigned  as  a  reason  for  his 
crime  the  violence  of  his  political  enemies :  was 
he  a  madman  ?  A  native  of  Kentucky,  he  be- 
came a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Illinois, 
and  afterwards  judge  and  governor  of  Missouri. 

REYNOLDS,  FnEEGUACE,  minister  of  Wil- 
mington, Mass.,  died  in  Dec.,  1854,  aged  88. 
Born  in  Somers,  tlie  son  of  a  j)hysician,  he  grad- 
uated at  Yale  in  1787,  and  was  ordained  in  1795. 
After  thirty-five  years  he  removed  to  Leverett, 
where  he  was  pastor  seven  years,  but  returned  in 
1839  to  W.,  where  he  died.  He  was  a  plain, 
evangelical  preacher. 

REYNOLDS,  J.  A.,  Catholic  bishop,  died  at 
Charleston,  S.  C,  March  6,  1855,  aged  56. 

REYNOIJ)S,  MiCAJAii,  colonel,  died  at  New- 
ark in  August,  1856.  He  left  11,000  dollars  to 
Baptist  missionary  and  bible  societies  and  other 
charities. 

RIIEES,  Morgan  J.,  D.  D.,  an  eminent  Bap- 
tist minister,  died  at  Williamsburg,  N.  Y.,  Jan. 
15,  1853,  aged  49.  lie  lived  much  in  Philadel- 
pliia,  and  was  at  first  a  lawyer.  His  sermons 
were  well  studied,  without  useless  verbiage,  short, 
and  impassioned ;  and  remembered. 

RHOADES,  FosTEU,  died  in  Pensaeola  Nov. 
17,  1846.  As  the  United  States  naval  constioietor 
he  built  some  of  our  most  beautiful  ships  of  war ; 
he  also  built  vessels  for  the  Turkish  navy.  He 
was  fisteemcd  for  his  virtues. 

RICE,  Caleb,  first  minister  of  Sturbridge, 
Mass.,  died  in  1759,  aged  46.  Born  in  Hingham, 
he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1730,  and  was  settled 
in  1736.  Some  of  his  successors  were  O.  Lane, 
A.  Bond,  and  J.  S.  Clark. 

RICE,  AsAPii,  minister  of  Westminster,  Mass., 
died  in  1816,  aged  83.  Born  in  Hardwick,  he 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1762,  and  was  ordained 
in  1765.  In  1762  he  went  on  a  mission  with  Dr. 
Forbes  to  the  Oneida  Indians,  with  the  care  of 
whom  he  was  left.  —  Sprague's  Annals. 

RICE,  David,  supposed  to  have  been  the  first 
Presbyterian  minister  in  Kentucky,  died,  it  is 
thought,  about  1810  or  1820.  He  commenced 
his  labors  when  the  country  was  a  wilderness,  in- 
habited chiefly  by  Indians.  In  this  year,  1857,  it 
is  proposed  to  remove  his  remains  to  Louisville, 
Ky.,  and  to  erect  a  monument  to  liis  memory. 

RICE,  Jacob,  first  minister  of  Henniker,  N.  IL, 
died  in  Maine  in  1824,  aged  84.  Born  in  North- 
borough,  Mass.,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1765, 
and  was  pastor  from  17G9  to  1782.  M.  Sawyer 
succeeded  him. 


RICE,  TiLi.ET,  Dr.,  died  in  Brookfield,  Mass., 
in  1824,  aged  06. 

RICE,  John  IL,  ]>.  D.,  professor  in  the  Union 
theological  school  in  I'rincc  luhvard  county,  Va., 
was  for  many  yeare  a  distinguished  minister  in 
that-State.  The  theological  seminary  was  estab- 
lished in  1824.  He  died  Sept.  3,  1831,  aged  52. 
Memoirs  of  his  life  were  published  by  Mr.  Max- 
well. A  paper  of  "  resolutions "  was  found  in 
liis  pocket-book,  among  which  were  the  follow- 
ing :  "  Never  sjiare  person,  property,  or  reputa- 
tion, if  I  can  do  good ;  necessary  that  I  should 
die  j)oor.  Endeavor  to  feel  kindly  to  evcrj'  one; 
never  indulge  cnger,  envy,  jealousy  towards  any 
human  being.  Endeavor  to  act  so  as  to  advance 
the  present  comfort,  the  intellectual  improvement, 
and  the  j)urity  and  moral  good  of  all  my  fellow 
men."  He  was  for  some  years  the  editor  of  the 
Virginia  evangelical  and  literary  magazine.  He 
published  memoirs  of  S.  Davies ;  an  illustration 
of  the  Presbyterian  church  in  Virginia,  1816;  on 
the  qualifications  for  the  minister,  in  the  quarterly 
register ;  a  discourse  before  the  foreign  board  of 
missions,  1828. 

RICE,  Luther,  missionarj',  died  Oct.  25, 1836, 
aged  about  46.  He  was  born  in  Northborough, 
Mass.,  and  graduated  at  Williams  college  in 
1810.  He  sailed  as  a  missionary  of  the  American 
board  to  India  in  1812 ;  but  afterwards  becoming 
a  Baptist,  he  returned  to  this  country  and  was 
actively  employed  in  promoting  missions  among 
his  brethren,  the  Baptists.  He  died  in  Edgefield 
district,  S.  C.  Columbia  college  was  chiefly 
founded  by  his  efibrts  in  the  District  of  Columbia. 

RICE,  Benjamin,  minister  of  Winchendon, 
Mass.,  died  in  1847,  aged  63.  He  was  a  grad- 
uate of  Brown  university  in  1808. 

RICE,  Henry  Gardner,  a  merchant  in  Bos- 
ton, died  March  26,  1853,  aged  69.  The  son  of 
Dr.  Tilley  R.  of  Brookfield,  born  Feb.  18,  1784, 
he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  the  large  class  of 
1802.  He  was  a  man  of  amiable,  respectable 
character. 

RICE,  Benjamin  Holt,  D.  D.,  died  in  Prince 
Edward  county,  Va.,  Feb.  or  March  17,  1856, 
being  struck  with  the  palsy  as  he  was  preaching 
in  his  own  pulpit.  He  was  a  minister  of  dis- 
tinction ;  and  a  younger  brother,  it  is  believed, 
of  Dr.  John  Holt  Rice.  His  title  of  D.  D.  was 
given  him  by  Princeton  college  in  1832  ;  and  he 
was  for  years  a  minister  in  the  town  of  Prince- 
ton. 

RICH,  Obadiah,  died  in  London  Jan.  20, 1850. 
He  was  a  member  of  various  learned  societies. 
He  was  American  consul  at  Valencia.  In  Lon- 
don he  did  good  service  to  literature  as  a  diligent 
collector  of  rare  books  and  manuscri[)ts,  esjjc- 
cially  relating  to  America.  He  published  manu- 
scripts  and  books   relating  to  America,  1827  j 


RICH. 

bih!lothcpa  Anioricana  nova,  London,  1835,  and 
by  Harper,  N.  Y. 

IMC-'ll,  I'ZIKII'.I.,  minister  at  Deep  Uiver,  Conn., 
died  in  ISol,  ajjed  71.  He  was  educated  at  An- 
flover.  and  was  many  jears  the  minister  of 
Troy.  \.  H. 

lilCHAUI),  OAnRlKi.,  a  Catholic  priest,  died  in 
Detroit  in  18'i'2,  aged  08;  a  man  of  learninp;. 
liorn  in  France,  lie  came  to  America  during  the 
Frencli  llevoUiti(>n  ;  was  a  missionary  to  Illinois ; 
went  to  Detroit  in  1798,  and  was  a  member  of 
coi'gress  in  1823. 

KICHAUDS,  John,  minister  of  North  Guil- 
ford, Conn.,  died  in  1811,  aged  about  80.  liorn 
in  Waterbury,  lie  graduated  at  Yale  in  174j  ;  was 
])astor  from  1748  to  17Cj,  when  ho  removed  to 
Vermont. 

UICH.VllDS,  John,  first  minister  of  Piermont, 
N.  11.,  died  in  1814,  aged  84.  Born  in  Water- 
bury,  Conn.,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1745,  and 
was  ])astor  from  1776  to  1802. 

IIICHAIIDS,  James,  a  missionary,  died  at 
Ceylon  Aug.  3,  1822,  aged  28.  He  was  bom  in 
Al.'ington,  Mass.,  Feb.  23,  1784;  his  parents, 
while  he  was  young,  removed  to  riainfield.  Ht 
graduated  at  WiUiams  college  in  1809,  being 
there  the  associate  of  Mills.  Having  studied 
theologj-  at  Andover  and  medicine  at  Philadel- 
phia, he  embarked  for  Ceylon  in  Oct.,  1815.  Of 
a  pulmonary  disorder,  which  interrupted  his  mis- 
sionary labors,  he  at  last  died.  His  widow,  Sarah 
IJardwell  of  Goshen,  a  sister  of  Mr.  Bardwell, 
the  missionary,  married  llov.  Joseph  Knight,  and 
died  at  Xellore  April  20,  1825.  He  was  emi- 
nently pious  and  died  in  peace.  —  Miss.  Ilerald, 
XIX.  241-247;  8prague's  AnnaJs. 

IIICHAIIDS,  J.\MES,  D.  D.,  professor  of  theol- 
ogy at  Auburn,  died  Aug.  2,  1843,  aged  75.  Born 
in  Canaan,  Conn.,  he  was  ordained  over  the  first 
Presbyterian  clim-cli  in  Morristown,  N.  J.,  1794 ; 
installed  at  Newark,  1809;  was  professor  of 
theology  from  1823  to  his  death.  He  was  a  de- 
scendant from  Samuel  II.,  who  came  from  Wales 
and  lived  near  Stamford.  His  mother  was  llulh 
Hanford,  a  woman  of  intellect  and  piety.  He 
had  an  honorary  degree  at  Y'ale  in  1794;  and 
was  a  man  eminently  useful  in  the  various  labors 
of  a  minister  and  Christian  teacher.  His  lec- 
tures, with  a  sketch  of  liis  life,  by  S.  II.  Gridlcy, 
were  ])ublished  by  Dodd,  New  York,  in  1840, 
witli  a  portrait.  His  lectures  relate  to  the  will, 
the  dejjravity  of  man,  the  atonement,  election, 
justification,  ability,  and  other  subjects.  Dr. 
Sprague  published  a  sermon  and  an  essay  on  his 
character  in  1849.  He  ])u))liKhed  an  address  at 
the  funeral  of  Sarah  Cummings,  1812 ;  several  ser- 
mons, 1830;  sinners'  inability  to  come  to  Christ. 

IHCILVUDS,  William,  missionary  at  the 
Sandwich  Islands,  died  at  Honolulu  Nov.  7,  1847, 
aged  54.    He  was  minister  of  public  instruction 


lllCHARDSON. 


TOt 


in  the  service  of  the  king.  Born  in  Plninfield, 
Ma's.,  he  graduated  at  Wiui;\nis  college  in  1819, 
at  .Vndiiver  in  1.SJ2,  and  embarked  Nov.  U),  and 
arrived  in  Ajjril,  1823.  His  residence  was  at 
Lahiiina.  He  toiled  as  a  most  faillil'ul  missionary 
till  1838;  being  among  the  first  as  a  i)r(acl!er  and 
translator,  no  one  shared  more  highly  in  the  af- 
fections of  the  Hawaiian  people.  His  wife  was 
Clarissa  I.ynian  of  Northampton.  In  1838  he 
entered  u])on  his  secular  career  as  adviser  of  the 
king,  and  introducer  of  law  and  order.  He  went 
on  a  successful  embassy  in  1812  to  the  United 
States,  to  Great  Britain,  and  France,  to  vindicate 
the  rights  of  the  Sandwich  Islands.  He  returned 
from  his  embassy  March  23,  1845,  and  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  king  his  minister  of  ])ublic  in- 
struction in  1840.  He  did  great  service  in  regard 
to  the  publication  of  the  laws  in  I^nglisli  and 
Hawaiian.  He  was  a  man  of  a  kind,  noble,  and 
disinterested  mind.  He  left  nothing  for  his  wife 
and  seven  or  eight  children.  His  widow  lived  in 
New  Haven  in  1850;  a  daughter  married  Pro- 
fes.sor  Clark  of  .Vniherst  college.  —  New  York 
Ubserccr,  March  18,  1848;  Sprague^s  Annals. 

lUCIIAllDS,  William  L.,  a  niissionary,  son 
of  Uev.  Wm.  11.,  died  on  his  return  from  China, 
and  was  buried  in  the  ocean  off  St.  Helena  June 
5,  1851,  aged  about  25.  Pres.  Brown  of  Jefibr- 
son  college  adopted  and  educated  him.  He 
studied  theology  at  the  Union  seminary.  New 
York ;  and  in  1847  went  as  a  missionary  to 
China,  where  in  three  years  he  acquired  a  good 
knowledge  of  the  Chinese,  and  had  begun  to 
preach  in  it,  when  illness  interrupted  his  labors. 
—  Spragiie's  Annals. 

IIICHAKDSON,  John,  minister  of  Newbury, 
Mass.,  died  in  1090,  aged  49.  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  IGCG,  and  was  ordained  in  1075.  He 
was  the  son  of  Amos  It.  of  Stonington,  Coim. — 
Fanner's  ]te;/istcr. 

BICHAKDSOX,  AniJAii,  Dr.,  died  in  Medway, 
Mass.,  in  1822,  aged  70. 

lUCHAllDSON,  William,  colonel,  a  distin- 
guished odicer  in  the  llcvolution,  died  in  Caroline 
county,  Md.,  in  1825,  aged  90.  He  was  treas- 
urer of  the  eastern  shore. 

mCHABDSOX,  William  M.,  LL.  D.,  died 
at  Chester,  N.  IL,  March  23,  1838,  aged  04.  He 
was  chief  justice  of  New  Ham])shirc.  He  was 
born  in  Pelham,  N.  H.,  Jan.  4,  1774,  and  grad- 
uated at  Cambridge  in  1797.  He  was  precc])tor 
of  the  academy  at  Groton,  and  also  ])ractised  law 
there,  and  was  a  member  of  congress  from  1811 
to  1814,  in  which  last  year  he  removed  to  Ports- 
mouth. From  1810  for  twenty-two  years  he  was 
chief  justice;  and  was  highly  respected  and  es- 
teemed. He  was  the  author  of  the  New  Hamp- 
shire justice,  and  of  the  town  officer,  A  largo 
part  of  the  matter  in  four  volumes  of  reports  was 
prepared  by  him. 


702 


RICHARDSON. 


RINGGOLD. 


RICHARDSOX,  AVii.i.iam,  died  at  Hath,  yic, 
Dec.  22,  IHIO,  a;j;c(l  (iO;  a  ])rosi)eroiis  mereluiiif, 
a  man  of  lllu'ial  cliarilii's,  and  ii  C'liristian.  Ho 
bequeallied  10,000  dollars  to  the  Maine  nii«sion- 
ary  aocietv. 

RICIIAIIDSOX,  Joiix  J.,  judfje,  died  in  South 
Carolina  in  INJO.     Ho  was  a  member  of  congress. 

RICIIMON]),  llDWAiii),  I).  I).,  minister  of 
Stoughton  from  1702  to  1817,  died  in  IJoston 
April  10, 1.S42,  aged  IC).  IJorn  in  Middleborough, 
he  graduated  nt  Uro\vn  university  in  17S9.  lie 
was  pastor  in  Dorchester  from  1817  to  1833  ;  then 
lived  several  years  in  IJraintrcc.  He  was  re- 
garded as  an  Armininn,  and  in  his  last  days  as  a 
Unitarian.  He  publisl"^''  a  sermon  at  ordination 
of  S.  Wordsworth ;  to  a  masonic  lodge,  1801 ;  to 
Derby  academy,  1807;  at  last  meeting  in  old 
house,  1808;  at  ordination  of  C.  Briggs,  1819. — 
8pra(/uc's  Auunls. 

RICH  SON  VILLI':,  a  principal  chief  of  the 
Miami  Indians,  died  Aug.  13,  1811,  aged  80,  on 
St.  Mai-j's  river,  near  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana.  He 
left  200,000  dollars  in  sjjecic  and  a  large  landed 
estate. 

RIDDEL,  Wii.i.Lnr,  a  minister,  who  ])rcachcd 
in  various  places  in  New  England,  died  Oct.  24, 
1829,  aped  82.  Born  in  Coleraine,  ho  gradiaited 
at  Dartmouth  in  1793;  was  pastor  at  Bristol, 
Me.,  from  1790  to  1804;  lived  in  Townsend  and 
Whitingham,  Vt. ;  in  Bcrnardston,  Iladley,  and 
South  Dcerfield.  His  wife  was  a  daughter  of 
Rev.  S.  Hopkins  of  Hadley.  lie  was  the  father 
of  Rev.  Samuel  11.  Iliddel. —  Spnir/uc's  Awials. 

RIDDEL,  Joii.v,  1).  1).,  mhiister  of  the  Dutch 
church  at  Robinson's  Run,  Pa.,  died  in  1829, 
aged  70. 

RIDDLE,  J.uiKS,  judge,  died  at  Chambers- 
burg,  Pa.,  Feb.  5,  1837,  aged  82.  lie  graduated 
at  Princeton  in  1779,  and  was  a  tutor.  He  was 
a  lawyer  of  respectable  talents,  of  learning  and 
worth;  and  a  judge  of  the  high  court  of  errors 
and  appeals. 

RIDGE,  Joiix,  an  Indian,  died  June  10,  1839, 
aged  about  38,  murdered  by  Indians.  lie  was  a 
Cherokee,  educated  at  the  Indian  school  at  Corn- 
wall, Conn.,  and  there  married  Miss  Gold,  of  a 
respectable  family.  lie  was  an  attorney  among 
the  Chcrokecs,  and  president  of  the  senate  of 
that  Indian  nation. 

RIDGELY,  C'ii.\ULES,  a  physician,  died  Aug. 
26, 1785,  aged  47.  The  son  of  Nicholas  II.  of  Do- 
ver, Delaware,  he  was  born  Jan.  2(),  1738.  Hav- 
ing studied  mediciuo  in  Philadelphia,  he  settled 
in  Dover  in  17ii8,  and  there  passed  his  life  in  ex- 
tensive practice  and  high  re])utation.  lie  was 
often  also  a  member  of  the  legislature,  and  a 
judge  in  several  courts.  By  his  first  wife  his  son 
was  Nicholas  R.,  chancellor  of  Delaware;  by  his 
Becond  wile  his  son  was  llcnry  Moore  R.,  a  sen- 
ator of  the  United  States ;  his  daughter,  Mary, 


'  married  Dr.  Wm.  W.  Morri»:,  of  Dover.  Ho 
was  a  man  of  intelligence,  jiulgnient,  and  learn- 
ing, and  amiable  in  the  relalions  of  li!'e.  Of  the 
Ejiistopal  church  he  was  an  exemplary  member. 
To  the  religious  education  of  his  children  he  was 
very  attentive,  deeming  merely  inlellectual  cul- 
ture without  the  discipline  of  the  jjassions  and  of 
the  heart  of  little  value.  To  his  children  and  all 
around  him  he  recommended  the  diligent  study 
of  the  Scriptures. —  Tlmchcr. 

RIDGELY,  Henry  JIooue,  died  in  Dover, 
Del.,  in  1847,  aged  09.  He  was  an  eminent  law- 
yer ;  twice  chosen  a  meml)er  of  congress ;  and  a 
senator  of  the  United  States  in  1827. 

RIDGELY,  Cn.\RLi:.s  G.,  commodore,  died  at 
Baltimore  in  1848,  aged  G3.  Born  at  B.,  he  en- 
tered the  navy  in  1799,  and  was  at  the  battle  of 
Tripoli  with  Preble. 

RIDGEWAY,  Jacoh,   died    at    Philadeli)hia, 

April  30,  1843,  aged  74 ;  said  to  l>e  worth  (i.OCO,- 

\  000  dollars.      How  a  man  of  immense  wealth 

j  ought  to  dispose  of  his  money  is  an  important 

:  question  for  him  to  settle. 

I      RIEDESEL,   FiiEDEUiCA,   baroness,  died    at 

j  Berlin,  Prussia,  in  1808,  aged  02.     At  the  age  of 

i  sixteen  she  married  Lieutenant-Colonel  Riedescl, 

I  who,  in  1777,  commanded  the  Brunswick  troojis 

j  in  the  English  service  in  America.     She  accom- 

jjanied  him,  and  returned  to  Euroi)e  in   1783. 

lie  died  in  1808.     Her  adventures  in  America 

were  published  by  her  son-in-law,  Coimt  de  Reuss, 

entitled  voyage  to  America,  or  letters  of  Madame 

Von  Riedesel,  translated.  New  York,  1827. 

RIGDALE,  John,  came  over  with  his  wife  in 
the  Mayflower  in  1()20,  and  died  in  the  first  sick- 
ness at  Plymouth  in  1G21. 

RIGHTEli,  CiiESTEH  N.,  a  minister,  agent  of 
the  American  bible  society,  died  at  Diarbeker, 
Turkey,  in  Dec.,  1850,  nr;ed  about  30.  He  grad- 
uated at  Yale  in  184G.  'le  had  been  on  an  ex- 
tended tour  among  the  missionary  stations  in 
Turkey  when  he  was  taken  sick.  Among  his 
last  words  were  often  these,  "  God  is  good  ! " 

RHCER,  Richard,  recorder  of  New  York  for 
nearly  tliirty  years,  died  in  1842,  aged  09. 

RILEY,  James,  captain,  died  at  sea  March  15, 
1840,  aged  63.  He  was  of  Middletown,  Conn. ; 
and  published  a  narrative  of  snfl'erings  in  North 
iVfrica,  on  the  coast  of  which  he  was  wrecked. 
As  tc  his  rescue  from  a  horrible  captivity  two 
names  should  be  mentioned  with  honor :  A\'illiani 
Willshire,  a  native  of  London,  a  merchant  in 
Mogadore,  who  paid  1200  dollars  for  his  redeni])- 
tiou  and  that  of  some  of  his  comp-anions ;  and 
Horatio  Sprague,  an  American  merchant  at  Gib- 
raltar, who  paid  at  once  Riley's  draft  to  W.  for 
that  sum. 

RINGGOLD,  Samuel,  major,  was  killed  i:i 
battle  in  Texas,  May  8,  184G,  aged  50.  He  was 
the  son  of  General  Samuel  R.  of  Maryland ;  his 


RU'LKY. 

mother  M'as  a  daughter  of  General  CuJwiilladcr. 
]Ic  graduated  at  West  Point;  lie  entered  the 
nrniy  an  a  lieutenant  of  artillery  in  IMS.  Ho 
served  in  Florida  ;  and  organized  the  lly;n>;  ar- 
tillery. Hy  a  cannon-ball  was  ho  killed  with  his 
Lorso.     Ho  was  an  oIKcer  of  distinction. 

lUriiEY,  David,  first  minister  of  .Miington  in 
I'omfret,  Coiui.,  died  in  I  "SO,  aged  about  ol). 
Graduated  at  Yalo  in  1719,  lie  was  settled  in 
17,j,'},     Ho  was  tiio  brother  of  J)r.  II.  Jlipley. 

lliriiKY,  SYI.V.V.NIS,  first  jirofessor  of  divinity 
in  Durtmoutii  college,  died  in  1787,  aged  about 
37.  He  was  a  graduate  of  the  lirst  class  in  1771, 
and  was  early  ordained  as  a  mission;:ry  among 
the  Indians.  He  returned  from  ti  mission  in 
Sept.,  1772,  bringing  with  him  ten  Indian  boys 
from  Calignawaga  and  the  tribe  at  Loretto,  to  be 
educated  in  Moor's  school,  of  which  he  was  the 
preceptor  from  1770  to  1770.  He  was  apj)ointed 
professor  of  divinity  in  17iS2,  and  wac  a  preacher 
to  the  church  connected  with  the  college.  He 
died,  in  consequence  of  an  injury  received  while 
riding  in  a  sleigh.  His  widow,  Abigail,  the  daugh- 
ter of  President  E.  Wheelock,  died  at  Fryeburg, 
Maine,  In  April,  1818  ;  his  daughter,  the  wife  of 
Judah  Dana,  died  also  in  Fryeburg  ;  his  son.  Gen- 
eral Elcazer  W.  11.,  was  distinguished  on  the 
Canadian  frontier  In  the  war  of  1812;  his  son, 
General  James  W.  K.,  was  the  collector  at  I'as- 
saniaquoddy,  Maine. 

IIII'LEY,  Wiu.iAJr  13.,  minister  In  Goshen,  of 
Lebanon,  Conn.,  died  In  1822,  a^ed  about  00.  He 
graduated  at  Yale  In  178G ;  was  settled  at  Ikill- 
ston,  X.  Y. ;  then  hi  1 708  at  Goshen,  and  was 
succeeded  by  E.  llipley  hi  1823. 

IIII'LEY,  IIi;zi;kl\ii,  I).  I).,  mhilster  at  Green's 
Farms,  Fairfield,  Conn.,  died  iii  1831,  aged  88. 
He  was  descended  from  Governor  llradford  of 
I'lyinouth,  whoso  daughter  married  his  grand- 
father llipley.  His  father  was  David  11.  of  AVInd- 
haiu.  Conn.  He  graduated  at  Yale  In  17G3 ;  was 
ordained  at  Green's  Farms  in  I'airlield  in  1707. 
His  predecessor,  1).  Buckingham,  graduated  In 
1730,  and  was  ])astor  from  1712  to  1700.  In 
1821  he  resigned  his  charge:  T.  F.  Daniels  was 
uistalled  in  his  place  in  1820, — Dr.  U.,in  his  87th 
year,  giving  the  charge.  His  son,  W.  II.  ltlj)ley, 
minister  of  Goshen  in  Lebanon,  a  graduate  of 
178(),  died  hi  1822.  Ho  was  an  e.xci'Ueiit  minis- 
ter, and  a  jjatriot  of  the  Revolution  ;  a  man  of  a 
commanding  presence,  tall,  and  athletic.  — 
i^jirai/uc's  Annals. 

IIII'LEY,  DoiiOTllKA,  died  in  Mecklenburg 
county,  Va.,  in  Jan.,  1832,  aged  GO.  Born  In 
Whitby,  England,  she  early  joined  the  Metho- 
dists, but  left  them,  as  they  did  not  encourage 
her  purpose  of  becoming  a  preacher ;  the  Qua- 
kers refused  to  receive  her  as  a  member.  Yet 
she  preached  all  her  life,  crossing  the  Alhintic  In 
her  travels  nineteen  times,  addressing  hundreds 


lUrLEY- 


703 


of  thousands  of  jicople.     Of  Jic  usefulness  of 
her  laljora  nothing  is  known. 

liII'LI'.Y,  Ja.iIi;s  W.,  gener.-.l,  the  In'othcr  of 
(iencral  l'",.  W.  liij  ley,  died  at  Fryeburg,  Me.. 
June  2,  18.'iO.  Ho  was  a  menilier  of  congress 
from  1827  to  1831,  and  eoUeeti  r  of  the  United 
.States  at  Ivistport.  IUk  mother,  .\liig;iil,  died  in 
1818;  his  brother,  John  rinlliiis  K.,  in  ISIG. 

KIl'l.EY,  Ei.KAZAH  A\'in.i;i.()(  K,  brigadier-gen- 
eral, son  of  I'rofessor  Ki]iley  of  Dartmoiith,  died 
in  Xew  Orleans  March  2,  1830.  ■■,,,,  .iruiut  07. 
He  was  the  nephew  of  President  John  Wheelock, 
and  was  graduated  at  Dartnu)uih  in  ISOO.  Hav- 
ing studied  law,  he  commenced  the  practice  on 
the  Kennebec  in  Maine,  and  thence  removed  to 
Portland.  As  a  member  of  the  legislature  of 
Massachusetts  he  was  speaker  of  the  house  aiiout 
1811.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  of  1812  he 
entered  the  army.  At  the  battle  of  nridgewalcr, 
after  Scott  was  wounded,  he  succeeded  to  the  com- 
mand of  the  troo])s  ci.. -aged,  and  was  regarded 
as  the  saviour  of  the  army.  It  was  m  answer  to 
hlin  that  Miller  said,  "I'll  try,  sir."  After  the 
war  he  was  an  eminent  lawyer  In  Xew  Orleans, 
and  a  member  of  the  twenty-fifth  congress.  His 
wife,  who  died  before  him,  was  Love  Allen,  the 
daughter  of  Rev.  Thomas  Allen  of  Pittsfield. 
She  nursed  him  on  the  frontier  after  his  severe 
wound,  being  shot  through  the  neek  at  the  sortie 
from  fort  Erie.  Congress,  by  resolution,  Xov.  3, 
1811,  jiresented  him  with  a  medal,  c^  ntaining  a 
bust  of  General  Ripley,  and  on  the  i'ev(  rse  Victory 
holding  up  a  tablet  among  the  branches  of  a 
])alin  tree,  hiscribed  with  "Xiagara,  Chippewa, 
Erie."    He  published  oration  July  4,  1800. 

RI1'LF:Y,  David  B.,  muilster  of  .Marlborough, 
Conn.,  died  in  Illinois  Sept.  4,  1830,  aged  al)out 
01.  Born  in  Pomfret,  he  graduated  at  Yale  In 
1708;  was  mhilster  from  1807  for  twenty  years, 
and  was  succeeded  in  1828  by  Chaunccy  Lee.  He 
afterwards  was  the  minister  of  Eudor  in  Illinois, 
where  he  died. 

RIPLEY,  E/i  A,  I).  ]).,  died  at  Concord,  Mass., 
Sept.  21,  1841,  aged  90.  lie  was  born  in  Wood- 
stock, Conn.,  May  1,  1701;  graduated  at  Har- 
vard In  1770 ;  and  was  ordained  Xov.  7,  1778. 
He  ])reached  for  the  last  time  !May  1,  1841,  his 
ninetieth  birth-day.  His  son,  Samuel,  minister 
of  Wallham,  di''d  In  1847,  aged  04  ;  a  graduate 
of  1804,  and  settled  1800.  He  iiulllshed  a  ser- 
mon at  ordination  of  W.  Emerson,  1702 ;  of  R. 
Messenger,  1708 ;  on  iei)alr  of  mectlng-housc ; 
at  execution  of  Samuel  Smith,  1709 ;  masonic 
sermon,  1802;  at  ordhiation  of  S.  Ripley,  1809; 
of  W.  Frothinghani,  1819  ;  of  E.  Q.  Scwall,  1820  ; 
at  funeral  of  Ab.  Adams,  1813;  history  of  the 
fight  at  Concord,  1827 ;  half-century  sermon, 
1828. 

RIPLEY,  EitvsTUS,  mhilster  of  Mcrlden,  Conn., 
died  Nov.  17,  1843,  aged  73.    He  graduated  at 


704 


RITCIIIE. 


P.ITTENIIOUSE. 


Yale  in  ITO-I,  and  was  ministor  of  Bronkficld, 
Conn.,  from  IHOl  to  1802.  lie  was  in  M.  from 
180.'J  to  1Si>'_>.  lie  removed  to  Goslicn  in  Leba- 
non in  IS'J.'J. 

IIITCIIII',  ■William,  minister  of  Noedham, 
Mass.,  died  in  1812,  a<;;od  about  00.  Uo'-n  at 
Peterliorough,  N.  H.,  lie  graduated  at  Dart- 
moutli  in  1H04,  and  succeeded  S.  I'i'.lmcr  in  1821. 

lUTCIIIE,  Thomas,  the  editor  of  the  Rich- 
mond Enquirer,  died  May  21,  1854.  He  was  a 
native  of  Essex  county,  Virginia.  For  n  long 
period  lie  wielded  a  great  political  influence  in  his 
native  State.  In  his  last  years  he  went  to  Wash- 
•ngion  to  relieve  his  ])overty  by  the  aid  of  the 
public  printing.  His  father,  Thomas  II.,  died  a 
few  weeks  after  him,  Julv  3,  1854,  aged  70. 

RITTEXIIOUSE,  I).\viD,  LL.  I).,  F.  11.  S., 
an  eminent  ])hilosophcr,  died  June  20,  1700,  aged 
G4,  at  Philadelphia.  He  was  descended  I'rom  an- 
cestors who  cniigratcd  from  Holland,  and  was 
born  in  Germantown,  Penn.,  A])ril  8,  1732,  The 
early  i)art  of  his  life  was  spent  in  agricultural 
employments;  and  his  'augh,  the  fences,  and 
even  the  stones  of  the  field  were  marked  with 
figures,  which  denoted  a  talent  for  mathematical 
studies.  A  delicate  constitution  rendering  him 
unfit  for  the  labors  of  husbandry,  lie  devoted  him- 
self to  learning  ihe  trade  of  a  clock  and  mathe- 
matical instrument  maker.  In  these  arts  he  was 
his  own  instructor.  Diu'ing  his  residence  with 
his  father  in  the  country  he  made  himself  master 
of  Newton's  jn-incijiia,  which  he  read  in  the  Eng- 
lish translation  of  Mott.  In  this  retired  situ- 
ation, while  working  at  his  trade,  he  jilanncd  and 
executed  an  orrery,  by  which  he  rejiresented  the 
revolutions  of  the  lieavenly  bodies  more  com- 
pletely than  had  ever  before  been  done.  This 
master])iece  of  ineclianism  was  purchased  by  the 
college  of  New  Jersey.  A  second  was  made  by 
him,  after  the  same  model,  for  the  use  of  the  col- 
lege of  Philadeljihia.  In  1770  he  was  induced, 
by  the  urgent  reciuest  of  some  friends  wh.r  knew 
his  nierii,  to  exchange  his  beloved  retirement  for 
a  residence  in  I'hiladelphia.  In  this  city  he  con- 
tinued his  employment  lor  several  years ;  and 
his  clocks  had  a  high  reputation,  and  his  math- 
ematical instruments  were  thought  superior  to 
those  imported  from  Europe.  His  first  commu- 
nication to  the  philosophical  society  of  Philadel- 
phia, of  which  he  was  elected  ii  member,  was  a 
calculation  of  the  transit  of  Venus,  as  it  was  to 
happen  June  3,  1709.  He  vas  one  of  those  ap- 
pointed to  observe  it  in  the  township  of  Norriton. 
This  ijhenonienon  had  never  been  seen  but  twice 
before  by  any  inhabitant  of  our  earth,  and  would 
never  be  seen  again  by  any  person  then  living. 
The  day  arrived,  and  there  was  no  cloud  in  the 
horizon  ;  the  observers  waited  for  the  jiredicted 
moment  of  observation  ;  it  came,  and  in  the  in- 
stant of  contact  between  the  planet  and  sun,  an 


emotion  of  joy  so  powerful  was  excited  in  the 
breast  of  Mr.  lUttenhouse,  that  he  fainted.  Nov. 
9tli  ho  observed  the  transit  of  Mercury.  An  ac- 
count of  these  observations  was  ])ublislied  in  the 
transactions  of  the  society.  In  177o  he  was  ap. 
pointed  one  of  the  commissioners  for  settling  a 
teiritorial  dispute  between  Pennsylvania  and  Vir- 
ginia ;  and  to  his  talents,  moderation,  and  firm- 
ness was  ascribed  in  a  great  degree  its  satisfactory 
adjustment  in  1785.  He  assisted  in  detevmiiiing 
the  western  limits  of  Pennsylvania  in  1784,  and 
the  northern  line  of  the  same  State  in  1780.  Ho 
was  also  called  iijioii  to  assist  in  fixing  the  I)oun- 
dary  line  between  Massachusetts  and  New  York 
in  1787.  In  his  excursions  through  the  wilder- 
ness he  carried  with  him  his  habits  of  inquiry  and 
observation.  In  1791  he  was  chosen  president  of 
the  ])hilosophical  society,  as  successor  to  I)r. 
FrankHn,  and  was  annually  re-elected  till  his 
death.  His  unassuming  dignity  secured  to  him 
respect.  Soon  after  he  accepted  the  president's 
chair  he  made  to  the  society  a  donation  of  300 
ponnds.  He  held  the  office  of  treasurer  of  Penn- 
sylvania by  an  annual  vote  of  the  legislature  from 
1777  to  1789.  In  this  period  he  declined  pur- 
chasing the  smallest  portion  of  the  public  debt 
of  the  State,  lest  his  integrity  should  be  im- 
peached. In  1792  he  accepted  the  office  of  di- 
rector of  the  miiit  o."  the  United  States,  but  his 
ill  state  of  health  induced  him  to  resign  it  in 
1795.  In  his  last  ihncss,  which  was  acute  and 
short,  he  retained  the  usual  patience  and  benevo- 
lence of  his  temper.  lie  died  in  the  full  belief 
of  the  Christian  religion,  and  in  the  anticipation 
of  clearer  discoveries  of  the  perfections  of  God  in 
the  eternal  world.  He  was  a  man  of  extensive 
knowledge.  From  the  French,  German,  and 
Dutch  languages  he  derived  the  discoveries  of 
foreign  nations.  In  his  jiolitical  sentiments  he 
was  a  republican  ;  he  was  taught  by  his  father  to 
admire  an  elective  and  rejircsentative  govern- 
ment ;  he  early  predicted  the  immense  increase 
of  talents  and  knowledge,  which  would  be  infused 
into  the  American  mind  by  our  republican  con- 
stitutions J  and  he  anticipated  the  blessed  cfTccts 
of  our  llevolution  in  sowing  the  seeds  of  a  new 
order  of  things  in  other  parts  of  the  world.  He 
believed  })olitical  as  well  as  moral  evil  to  be  in- 
truders intc  the  society  of  man.  In  the  more 
limited  circles  of  private  life  he  commanded  es- 
teem and  affection.  His  house  and  his  manner 
of  living  exhibited  the  taste  of  a  philosojiher,  the 
sim])licity  of  a  republican,  and  the  temper  of  a 
Christian.  He  possessed  rare  modesty.  His  re- 
searches into  natural  philosophy  gave  him  just 
ideas  o.'  the  Divine  perfections,  for  his  mind  was 
not  pro-occupied  in  ea-,ly  life  with  the  Actions  of 
ancient  poets  and  the  vices  of  the  heathen  gods. 
Rut  he  did  not  confine  himself  to  the  instructions 
of  nature ;  he  believed  the  Christian  revelation. 


RIVINGTON. 


KOrniNS. 


705 


ITc  obscnTd  ns  an  arj^iimcnt  in  favor  of  its  truth, 
that  till"  miracles  of  our  Saviour  iliiFercd  from  all 
nrctcndcd  miracles  in  Umv^  entirely  of  a  benevo- 
lent nature.  The  testimony  of  a  man  possessed 
of  so  exalted  an  understanding;  outweij^hs  the  de- 
clamation of  thousands,  lie  jniblisliod  an  ora- 
tion, delivered  before  the  ])hiloso])hical  society, 
177,5,  the  subject  of  which  is  the  history  of  as- 
tronomy ;  and  a  few  memoirs  on  mathematical  and 
astronomical  subjects,  in  the  first  four  volumes  of 
the  transactions  of  the  society.  Dr.  Hush  deliv- 
ered an  eulogium  on  him,  and  memoirs  of  his 
life  were  imblished  by  W.  Barton,  8vo.,  1813. 

lUVIXGTON,  Jamks,  died  in  New  York  in 
1802,  aged  77.  Bom  in  Great  Britain,  ho  was 
manv  years  an  eminent  j)rinter  and  bookseller  in 
New  York ;  he  was  king's  [irinter  in  1777.  Hav- 
ing failed  as  a  bookseller  in  I'ngland,  he  came  to 
America  in  1760.  lie  commenced  the  New  York 
Gazetteer  in  1773.  In  1777  he  called  his  paper 
tlie  Nev  York  lloyal  Gazette.  He  remained  after 
the  war,  and  his  jjaper  became  Itivington's  New 
York  Gazette.  That  he  lived  undisturbed  by  the 
ijatriots  is  explained  by  his  being  known  to  have 
been  a  sjjy  employed  by  Washington. —  Cycl.  of 
Aiiici:  Lit. 

KOAXE,  Spencer,  judge,  died  Sept.  4,  1822, 
a^ed  00.  lie  was  born  in  Essex,  Va.,  April  4, 
1702,  and  thoroughly  studied  law  with  Mr. 
"Wythe,  and  in  I'hiladelphia.  lie  was  early  elect- 
ed a  member  of  the  assembly ;  then  of  the  coun- 
cil, and  senate.  In  1789  ho  was  ajjpointcd  a 
judge  of  the  general  court,  and  in  1794,  at  the 
age  of  33,  a  judge  of  the  court  of  errors  in  the 
jjlace  of  Mr.  Tazewell,  who  resigned.  In  1819 
lie  was  one  of  the  commissioners  for  locating  the 
university.  His  wife  was  a  daughter  of  I'atrick 
Henry.  In  his  politics  he  was  a  republican,  an 
adherent  of  Mr.  Jefferson.  Ho  published  in  the 
liichmoud  Enquirer  several  essays,  signed  Alger- 
non S\dney,  asserting  the  supremacy  of  the  State 
in  a  question  of  conflicting  authority  between  Vir- 
ginia and  the  United  States. 

HOAX]'.,  William  IL,  died  :May  1 1, J8 1 J,  aged 
57,  at  Tree  Hill,  near  Ilichmond,  Va.  He  was  a 
senator  o''  the  United  States,  and  an  ardent  poli- 
tician. He  was  also  of  an  afFectiouate  disposition, 
and  had  the  love  of  man}'  friends. 

liOliWXS,  PlliLEMOX,  minister  of  Branford, 
Conn.,  died  in  1781,  aged  about  71.  He  was  the 
grandson  of  Nathaniel  11.,  who  came  from  Scot- 
land in  1070,  and  died  at  Charlcstown,  Mass.,  in 
1719;  and  the  son  of  Nathaniel,  who  died  in 
1741.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1729,  and 
was  settled  in  1732  a  successor  of  S.  I'ussell. 
Sympathizing  with  Mr.  Whitcfield  in  1740,  and 
ventiuiiig  to  preach  in  a  neighboring  parish  with- 
out the  niiuiNter's  consent,  he  was  deposed  from 
oHicc;  l)ut  he  contemned  the  injustice  of  the  law, 
and  continued  liis  labors :  his  next  text  was,  "  Woe 
89 


is  me,  if  I  preach  not  the  gospel."  In  the  end 
he  triumi)hed.  His  second  wife  was  widow  Jane 
Mills,  whom  he  married  in  1778,  the  mother  of 
S.  J.  Mills  of  Torringford.  He  ])ublished  an  ac- 
count of  ecclesiastical  ]iroceodings,  1713;  a  nar- 
rative, 1747;  defence  of  it,  1748;  at  ordination 
of  his  son,  C.  Bobbins,  1700  ;  of  his  son,  A.  1{. 
Kooiiins,  1701. —  Sprajue's  Annah. 

IIOBBIXS,  NATiiA.Mi:r.,  minister  of  Milton, 
Mass.,  died  May  19,  179o,  aged  08.  Born  in 
Lexington,  he  graduated  in  1747,  and  in  17jO 
succeeded  at  Milton  John  Taylor,  remarkable  for 
his  scholarship  and  maimers.  He  was  a  ])rudent, 
usefid  minister.  He  ])ublished  a  sermon  at  the 
ordination  of  P.  Thacher,  1770;  of  B.  AVads- 
worth,  1773  ;  at  election,  1770  ;  at  artillery  elec- 
tion, 1772  ;  on  the  Lexington  tragcdv,  1777. 

BOBBINS,  Cii.VNDLKR,  1).  D.,  minister  of  Ply- 
mouth, Mass.,  died  Juno  30,  1799,  aged  00.     lie 
was  the  son  of  I'liilemon  11.,  mii.istcr  of  Branford, 
Conn. ;  was  Ijorn  Aug.  24,  1738  ;  and  was  gradu- 
ated at  Y'ale  college  in  1700.     Jan.  .'50,  1700,  ho 
was  ordained  at  Plymouth  as  successor  of  Mr. 
Leonard.     Here  he  continued  till  his  death.    His 
wife  was  Jane  Prince,  daughter  of  a  jjliysiciiui  in 
Boston.     His  son,  Samuel  Prince  11.,  minister  of 
Marietta,  a  graduate  of  Harvard  in  1798,  died  in 
1823,  aged  4j.      He  was  succeeded  by  James 
Kendall.     Ho  was  a  man  of  eminent  talents,  and 
ho  discharged  the  duties  of  a  minister  of  the  gos- 
pel with  unabating  zeal  and  fidelity.    Searching 
the  Scriptures  for  religious  truth,  and  coinciding 
in  the  result  of  his  investigations  with  the  senti- 
ments of  the  founders  of  the  first  church  in  New 
England,  ho  inculcated  the  doctrines  of  the  gos- 
pel with  energy  and  fervor.   He  was  unwearied  in 
his  endeavors  to  impress  the  thoughtless,  and  to 
render  sinful  men,  holy.     In  jjrivatc  and  social 
life  he  was  amiable  and  exemplary.     He  pub- 
lished a  sermon  on  the  death  of  Mrs.  E.  Watson, 
1707  ;  of  Mrs.  Hovey ;  at  the  ordination  of  L. 
Le  Baron,  1772  ;  of  E.  Gillet.  179,5  ;  of  AV.  Cot- 
ton, 1797  ;  on  the  French  Bevolutio'i,  1793  ;  cen- 
tury sermon  at  Kingston,  for  E.  Cobb,  1 794 ;  a 
reply  to  J.  Cotton  ;   some   brief  remarks  on   a 
])iece  by  J.  Cotton  in  answer  to  the  preceding, 
1774  ;  election  sermon,  1791  ;  at  tlic  convention  ; 
on  the  landing  of  our  forefathers,  1793;  before 
the  humane  society,  1790. — S/iaw'd  Sermon  on 
his  ihd/li  ;   Spriir/iii-';)  AlDUll.'!. 

BOBBINS,  CiiAULi;s,  jniblishcd  the  Colum- 
bian Ilannony,  Portland.  ISO.j. 

KOlUiJXS,  Ammi  lUiLVMAii,  first  minister  of 
Norfolk,  Conn.,  died  Oct.  31,  1813,  aged  73,  in  the 
fifty-third  year  of  his  ministry.  He  was  the  son 
of  I'ev.  IMiilemon  Bobbins  of  Branford,  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  hi  1700,  and  married  Elizabeth  Le 
Baron  of  Plymouth,  a  descendant  of  Governor 
Bradford.  In  177()  he  was  a  chajilain  in  the  army 
in  its  retreat  from  Canada.     He  was  a  faithful 


^'(> 


706 


nOBBES'S. 


minister  nnd  n  good  prcnchrr  and  teacher,  lie 
jirenclicd  more  thnn  six  tliousnnd  five  hun- 
dred sermons.  His  funeral  sermon  was  pul)- 
lifihed  by  C.  Leo.  His  i;on,  James  W.  Jlol)l)ins, 
a  man  of  great  worth,  died  at  Lenox  in  1H47, 
aged  Gl.  Another  son  was  Ilcv.  Dr.  Thomas 
llobbins.  He  juiMished  a  sermon  at  ordination 
of  J.  Knnpj),  1772  i  at  election,  I78i>j  cahimity 
omong  the  wicked,  1707  j  a  half-century  sermon, 

1811.  —  Sprar/iic's  Aniuds. 

IIOBDIXS,  Sami:i:i.  I'uinch,  son  of  Rev.  C. 
bobbins,  and  minister  of  Marietta,  Oliio,  died  in 
Anijust,  Wl'^,  aged  about  4ii.  He  died  of  on 
,c  ic  fever,  which  jjrevailed  along  the  wotcra 
if  Ohio.  He  was  a.  graduate  of  Harvard  in 
i(u8,  and  studied  theology  with  Dr.  Hyde  of 
Lee.  His  wife  was  a  grand-daughter  of  Gen.  II. 
Putnam.  —  Ilihlrctk. 

IIOBBINS,  Edward  H.,  lieutenant-governor 
of  Massachusetts,  died  in  Milton  in  1829,  aged 
about  74.  He  was  the  son  of  Rev.  Nr-thaniel  R. 
of  Milton,  and  a  graduate  of  1775.  He  was 
speaker  of  the  house  and  judge  of  jirobate.  Of 
his  children,  Sarah  Lydia  married  Judge  Howe, 
and  Anne  Jean  married  Judge  liyman  of  North- 
ompton.    His  son,   Dr.  Robbins,  a  graduate  of 

1812,  died  in  1850. 

ROBBIXS,  AsiiUR,  LL.  D.,  died  at  Newport, 
R.  L,  Feb.  25,  1845,  aged  88.  Born  in  Wethers- 
field,  he  was  a  graduate  of  Yale  in  1782.  For 
fourteen  years  he  was  a  senator  of  the  United 
States.  His  deep  learning,  his  scholarship  and 
forcible  eloquence  made  him  conspicuous  in  the 
senate.  He  had  the  misfortune  to  fall  upon  the 
ice  two  months  before  his  death,  and  this  was 
the  cause  of  it.  He  jjublishcd  address  on  domes- 
tic industry,  1822;  oration  July  4,  1827;  speech 
on  domestic  industry,  1832. 

ROBBINS,  Isaac,  o  minister,  died  at  Alexan- 
dria in  Maj-,  184C,  aged  77.  He  was  the  son  of 
Rev.  Chandler  R. 

IIOBBINS,  Samuel  II.,  M.  D.,  died  in  Boston 
Jan.  10, 1850,  aged  68. 

ROBBINS,  I'KTKR  Oilman,  M.  D.,  died  at 
Roxbury,  Mass.,  May  18,  1852,  aged  73.  He 
was  the  son  of  Rev.  Cliimdler  R.,  and  a  man  of 
worth,  a  beloved  physician. 

ROBBINS,  Thomas,  D.  D.,  secretary  of  the 
Connecticut  historical  society,  died  in  Colebrook 
Sept.  13, 1850,  aged  79.  Born  in  Norfolk,  Conn., 
he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1700,  and  was  minister 
of  East  Whidsor  from  1809  to  1827 ;  then  of 
Stratford  from  1830  to  1831 ;  then  of  Mattapoi- 
set  in  Rochester,  Mass.,  the  successor  of  L.  Lc 
Baron.  For  years  he  lived  in  Hartford  and  was 
librarian  of  the  historical  society,  to  which  he  be- 
queathed his  very  valuable  library.  His  mental 
powers  failed  him  in  his  last  days.  He  published 
a  century  sermon  delivered  at  Danbury  Jan.  1 , 
1801;  a  fast  sermon,  1815;  at  installation  of  E. 


ROBINSON. 

L.Clark,  1820;  to  military  at  Hartford,  1822; 
on  the  death  of  E.  B.  Cook,  1823. 

ROBERTS,  Natilvxiel,  first  minister  of 
Torrington,  Conn.,  died  in  1770,  aged  abort  CO. 
(iraduated  at  Yale  in  1732,  he  was  settled  in 
1741.  Ho  was  followed  by  A.  Gillet  nnd  W.  K. 
Gould. 

ROBERTS,  Wili.lvm,  published  on  occount 
of  the  discovery  and  natural  liistory  of  Florida, 
4to.,  1703. 

ROBERTS,  Ctiari-es,  remarkable  for  longev- 
ity, died  in  Berkeley  county,  Virginia,  Feb.  17, 
1790,  aged  110.  lie  wos  a  native  of  Oxfordshire, 
England,  but  had  resided  in  America  about  eighty 
years.  During  his  long  life  he  never  knew  sick- 
ness. 

ROBERTS,  Joseph,  died  at  Weston  in  1811, 
aged  91.  A  native  of  Boston,  he  graduated  in 
1741,  and  was  minister  of  Leicester  from  1754  to 
1702. 

ROBERTS,  John,  major,  died  in  Rappahan- 
nock county,  Virginia,  in  1843,  aged  85.  He  was 
a  major  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  many 
years  a  member  of  the  legislature. 

ROBERTS,  Robert  R.,  died  in  Indiana  March 
20,  1843,  aged  07;  a  venerable  Methodist  bishop. 
Born  in  Frederick  county,  Maryland,  ho  was  con- 
secrated bishop  in  1810;  and  was  benevolent, 
zealous,  and  useful. 

ROBERTSON,  Georoe.  Congregational  min- 
ister in  Amelia  county,  Virginia,  died  March  8, 
1838,  aged  79. 

ROBERTSON,  Alexander,  an  artist,  a  painter, 
died  in  New  York  May  27,  1841,  oged  09.  lie 
was  secretary  of  the  academy  of  fine  arts. 
■  ROBIE,  Thomas,  eminent  for  science  nnd 
scholarship,  died  in  1729.  lie  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1708,  and  was  a  tutor  from  1714  to 
1723,  and  librarian,  lie  wrote  much  in  the 
magazines  and  papers.  He  published  a  discourse 
to  the  students,  the  knowledge  of  Christ  supe- 
rior to  all  other  knowledge,  1721.  —  Eliot. 

ROBIN,  a  sachem  of  a  remnant  of  the  Pc- 
quots,  who^lved  at  Mystic  in  Connecticut,  and 
afterwards  at  ^lashantuckot.  Ho  died  in  1C92. 
His  Indian  name  Avas  Cassasinamon,  which  Miss 
Caulkins  thinks  is  rather  spicy, — cassia,  cinna- 
mon. —  Miss  Caulkins'  A^eio  London. 

ROBIN,  Marie,  a  colored  woman,  died  at 
New  Orleans  in  1839,  aged  107. 

ROBINSON,  JolL\,  minister  of  the  English 
church  at  liCydcn,  a  part  of  which  first  setilod 
New  England  in  1020,  died  Feb.  19,  1025,  old 
style,  or  March  1,  new  style.  He  was  born  in 
Great  Britain  in  1575,  and  educated  at  Cambridge. 
After  holdhig  for  some  time  a  benefice  near 
Yarmouth  in  Norfolk,  when  a  society  of  Dissenters 
was  formed  in  the  north  of  England  about  the 
year  1002,  he  was  chosen  their  pastor  with  Clif- 
ton.   Persecution  drove  his  congregation  into 


ROBINSON. 


ROBINSON. 


707 


Holland  in    lfi08,  and  ho  soon  followed  them.  | 
At  AniRtcrdani,  where  they  found  emifjrants  of 
the   same  religious   Kentiiiients,   they    reniiiiiied  [ 
nbout  a  year;  but  as  the  minister,  J.  Smith,  was 
unsteady  in  his  opinions,  Mr.  Robinson  pro])osed  ! 
a  removal    to  Leydcn.     Here    they   continued 
eleven  years,  and  their  numliers  so  increased  that 
they  had  in  the  church  three  hundred  communi- 
cants.   They  were  distinguished  for  perfect  liar- 
mony  among  themselves  and  for  iriendly  inter- 
course with  the  Dutch.     Mr.  Robinson,  when  he 
first  went  into   Holland,  was  a  most  rigid  Sepa- 
ratist from  the  Church  of  England  ;  but  by  con- 
versation with  Dr.  Ames  and  R.  I'arkcr  he  was 
convinced  of  his  error  and  became  more  moder- 
ate, though  he  condemned  the  use  of  the  liturgy 
and  the  indiscriminate  admission  to  the  sacra- 
ments.   In  1613,  Episcopius,  one  of  the  profes- 
Bors  of  the  university  of  Leyden,  the  successor 
of  Arminius,  and  of  the  same  doctrine  with  him, 
published  some  theses,  which  he  engaged  to  de- 
fend against  all  opjjosers.     Mr.  Robinson,  being 
earnestly  requested  to  accept  the  challenge  by 
Polyander,  the  other  professor,  who  was  a  Calvin- 
ist,  held  the   disputation  in  the  presence  of  a 
numerous  assemby,  and  completely  foiled  Episco- 
pius, his  antagonist.    In  1G17,  when  another  re- 
moval wp.s  contemplated,  Mr.  Robinson  entered 
zealously  into  the  ])lan  of  making  a  settlement 
in  America.     His  church  was  liable  to  be  cor- 
rupted by  the  loose  habits  of  the  Dutch,  and  he 
wisiied  it   '  "■  be  jjlanted  in  a  country  where  it 
might  SI'       1  in    purity.     The  first  settlers  of 
riymout .  in  1C,0,  who  took  with  them  Mr.Brew- 
ster,  the  ruling  elder,  were   the  members  of  his 
church,  and  it  was  his  intention  to  follow  them 
with  the  majority  that  remained ;  but  various  dis- 
appointments prevented.     A  part  of  his  church 
and  his  widow  and  children  came  to  New  Eng- 
land in  1C30.     Isaac  and  John  were  his  sons. 
He  was  a  man  of  good  genius,  quick  penetration, 
ready  wit,  great  modesty,  integrity,  and  candor. 
His  classical  learning  and  acuteness  in  disputa- 
tion were  acknowledged  by  his  opponents.    He 
was  aiso  discerning  and  prudent  in  civil  affairs. 
In  his  principles  of  church  government  he  was 
himself  an  Independent  or  Congregationalist,  be- 
ing of  opinion  that  every  church  is  to  consist  only 
of  such  as  ajjpear  to  believe  in  and  obey  Christ ; 
that  the  members  have   a  right  to  choose  their 
own  officers,  which  are  pastors  or  teaching  elders, 
ruling  elders,  and  deacons  i  that  elders,  being 
ordained,  have  no  power  but  by  consent  of  the 
brethren ;  that  all  elders  and  churches  are  equal ; 
and  that  only  the  children  of  communicants  are 
to  be  admitted  to  baptism.    He  celebrated  the 
Sujjper  every  Lord's  day.     In  his  farewell  ad- 
dress to  tlie  first  emigrants  to  New  England,  he 
said  to  them  :  "  If  God  reveal  any  thing  to  you 
by  any  other  instrument  of  his,  be  as  ready  to 


receive  it  as  ever  you  were  to  receive  any  trutli 
by  my  ministry;  for  I  am  verily  iiersuadcd,  1 
am  very  conlident,  tliat  the  Lord  has  more  truth 
yet  to  break  forth  out  of  his  lioly  word.  l''orniy 
part,  I  cannot  sufficiently  l)ewail  the  condition  of 
the  reformed  churches,  who  are  come  to  a  |)eriod 
in  religion,  and  will  go  at  ])resent  no  furtiier 
than  the  instruments  of  their  reforniiition.  Tho 
Lutherans  cannot  be  drawn  to  go  beyond  what 
Luther  saw  ;  whatever  part  of  his  will  our  good 
God  has  revealed  to  Calvin,  they  will  rather  die 
than  embrace  it.  And  the  Calviiiists,  you  see, 
stick  fast  where  they  were  "it  by  that  great  man 
of  God,  who  yet  saw  noo  ,,  1  things."  He  pub- 
lished, 1.  a  justification  of  s.  paration  from  the 
Church  of  England,  1010;  '2.  of  religious  com- 
munion, 1614 ;  3.  apologia  justa  et  necessara, 
1619,  (translated  into  English,  Kill) ;  4.  a  de- 
fence of  the  doctrine  projiounded  by  the  synod 
of  Dort,  1624 ;  5.  a  treatise  of  the  lawfulness  of 
learning  of  the  ministers  in  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, 1634  ;  6.  essays  or  observations.  Divine  and 
moral  16li8  (second  edition,  1638).  His  col- 
lected works  were  jjublished  i)y  the  Cong.  Board 
of  Publication,  Boston,  in  3  vols.,  1851.  —  Bd- 
knap's  Aiiiei:  Biog.,  II.  101-178. 

ROBINSON,  Isaac,  the  son  of  John  Robin- 
son, died  at  or  near  Cape  Ann,  aged  92.  Ho 
was  at  Duxbury,  l(;3o  ;  of  Scituate  in  1636,  and 
of  Barnstable  in  1039.  He  bought  land  at 
Island  Creek,  Duxbury.  His  wife  was  a  sister  of 
Elder  Eaunce.  His  brother  Abraham,  not  John 
as  by  one  account,  lived  also  on  the  Cape  Ann 
side  of  the  bay,  and  died  in  l(j4o,  and  was  the 
father  of  Abraham,  living  in  1730,  who  died  at 
the  ago  of  102.  He  left  a  family  of  twelve  chil- 
dren, one  of  whom  was  Andrew,  fro'ii  whom  Mrs. 
I'lesident  'Webber  descended.  To  Isaac's  daugh- 
ter, Mercy,  Captain  Standish  becpieathed  three 
pounds;  of  whom  be  said,  "  M'hom  I  tenderly 
love  for  her  grandfather's  sake."  Isaac's  children 
were  baptized  at  Barnstable:  John  hi  1640;  Is- 
rael in  lOol,  Jacob  in  16o2  ;  daughters  Eear  and 
^Icrcy,  and  a  child,  whose  name  is  lost,  in  1642. 
—  Deune's  Scituate ;  Dcane's  Bradford. 

ROBINSON,  Joiix,  minister  of  Duxbury, 
Mass.,  died  in  Lebanon,  Conn.,  in  174j,  aged  70. 
He  was  the  son  of  James  of  Dorchester,  grand- 
son of  William  R.  of  Roxbury  in  1636 ;  was 
born  in  1).  in  ^lareh,  1071;  wa.s  graduated  in 
169.j;  and  settled  in  1702;  dismissed  in  1738, 
when  he  removed  to  Lebanon,  Conn.,  where  he 
had  two  daughters  married ;  Betty  to  Rev.  J. 
Eliot,  and  Faith  to  Governor  J.  TrimibuU.  He 
was  a  man  of  talents,  eccentric,  imi)etuous,  rough. 
J.  Wiswall  preceded,  S.  Veazle  succeeded  him. 
His  wife,  Hannali,  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Wi.Nwall, 
was  drowned  with  his  daughter  Mary  near  Nan- 
tasket  beach  in  1722;  her  body  was  found  on 
Cape  Cod  and  buried  at  Herring  Cove.     He  left 


708 


ROBINSON. 


ROBY. 


a  largo  estate :  lands  and  money  to  John  j  2000 
pounds  to  Ichiibod,  a,  mcrchunt ;  iOO  pounds  to 
Althea.  John  iind  William,  ministers,  were  the 
Bons  of  Ichubod  ;  and  Althea  married  Uev.  Daniel 
Ripley  of  Abington  in  I'omfret.  —  Spragiie's 
Annals. 

ROBINSOX,  MosKs,  LI,.  J).,  second  governor 
of  Vermont,  died  at  Bennington  May  'JO,  181.'), 
aged  72.  He  succeeded  Mr.  Chittenden  in  1789, 
and  was  succeeded  by  him  in  171)0.  He  was  af- 
terwards a  senator  of  the  United  States,  in  the 
administration  of  Mr.  Adams.  Ilia  politics  were 
republican ;  he  was  opposed  to  Jay's  treaty.  His 
son,  Moses  li.,  died  at  licnnington  in  Jan.,  1825, 
aged  01. 

ROBINSOX,  Jonathan,  cliief  justice  of  Ver- 
mont, the  brother  of  the  preceding,  died  at  Ben- 
nington Nov.  3,  1819,  aged  01.  lie  was  chosen 
cliief  justice  in  1801,  in  the  place  of  Mr.  Smith, 
and  succeeded  him  also  in  1800  as  a  sen.itor  in 
congress.     He  was  also  a  senator  in  1815. 

ROBINSOX,  William,  first  minister  of  South- 
ington.  Conn.,  died  Aug.  15,  WL:<,  his  birth-day, 
aged  71.  Born  in  Lebanon,  the  son  of  Ichabod, 
a  merchant,  be  graduated  at  Yale  in  1773;  he 
was  pastor  from  1780  to  1821,  forty-one  years; 
and  was  succeeded  by  1).  L.  Ogden.  His  wife, 
Naomi  Wolcott  of  East  Windsor,  died  of  the 
small  pox  in  1782,  aged  27.  His  second  wife 
was  Sophia  Moseley  of  Westfield,  Mass.,  who 
Boon  died.  His  third  wife  was  Anna  Mills  of 
Simsbury.  His  fourth,  in  1790,  was  Elizabeth 
Norton  of  Farmington ;  and  by  her  he  had  six 
children,  one  of  whom  is  Professor  I'dward  Rob- 
inson, D.  D.,  of  New  York.  —  Sprague's  Annals. 

ROBINSON,  Ciiaules  S.,  minister  of  St. 
Charles,  Missouri,  died  in  1828,  aged  34.  Bom 
in  Massachusetts,  he  graduated  at  Andover  theo- 
logical seminary  in  1819. 

ROBINSON,  John,  minister  of  Westborough, 
Mass., from  1789  to  1807,  died  in  Lebanon,  Conn., 
his  native  place,  suddenly,  in  1832,  aged  71.  He 
gruuiiatcd  at  Yale  in  1750.  He  was  the  son  of 
Ichabod,  and  grandson  of  Rev.  John  R.  of  Dux- 
bury.  He  succeeded  E.  Parkman,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  E.  Rockwood. 

ROBINSON,  Peteu,  associate  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Delaware,  died  in  1830. 

ROBINSON,  James,  died  at  Ottawa,  Illinois, 
in  1843,  aged  50;  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court, 
a  man  of  integrity  and  courteousness.  He  was 
twelve  years  a  senator  of  the  United  States. 

ROBINSON,  David,  general,  died  in  Ben- 
nington Dec.  10,  1843,  aged  89.  He  was  born 
in  liardwick,  Mass.,  Nov.  11,  1754,  and  came  to 
Vermont  with  his  father  Samuel  in  1701,  to  live 
in  a  log  hut  iii  the  centre  of  the  present  town 
of  B.  There  he  lived  82  years.  Capt.  Stephen 
was  another  early  settler,  whose  daughter  he 
married.    Temperate  and  active,  be  encouraged 


all  public  institutions,  civil  and  religious.  He 
early  breamc  a  member  of  the  church. 

ROBINSOX,  John,  D.  1).,  died  in  Cabarrus 
county,  North  Carolina,  Dec.  14, 1813,  aged  about 
80,  having  been  long  a  distinguiithed  and  useful 
minister. 

JIOBINSOX,  William,  Dr.,  died  in  Stoning- 
ton,  Mass.,  Dec.  28,  1845,  aged  81 ;  a  suceesslul 
praclilioner  in  the  town  for  fifty-seven  years, 
much  respected.  He  was  a  soldier  of  the  Revo- 
lution. 

ROBIXSON,  CiURLES,  missionary  to  Siam, 
died  at  sea  on  his  return,  March  3, 1847,  aged  45, 
one  week  after  leaving  St.  Helena.  Mrs.  R.,  with 
four  children,  arrived  at  New  Bedford  April  10. 
Born  in  Lenox,  Mass.,  at  the  age  of  fifteen  he 
made  a  profession  of  religion ;  he  graduated  at 
Williams  college  in  1829,  and  embarked  June 
10,  1833,  with  his  wife,  and  Munson  and  Lyman 
and  their  wives,  for  Batam.  He  proceeded  to 
Bangkok.  Ill  health  removed  him  from  Siara 
in  Nov.,  1845.  Ho  died  in  jjcaee,  and  his  body 
was  committed  to  the  mighty  deep.  His  wife 
was  Maria  Church  of  Riga,  N.  Y. 

ROBINSON,  M.  M.,  died  in  Louisiana,  May, 
1850  ;  a  lawyer.  He  published  sixteen  volumes 
of  reports,  enticing  great  labor  and  fidelity, 
with  marginal  notes,  which  are  models  of  exact- 
ness. 

ROBINSON,  Eli  P.,  captain,  died  in  Wind- 
ham, Greene  county,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  14,  1851,  aged 
71.  He  served  in  the  northern  army  in  1812  at 
the  head  of  volunteers  ;  and  was  both  an  ardent 
patriot  and  an  exemplary  Christian,  embracing 
the  faith  of  his  ancestor,  John  R.  of  Leyden. 

ROBINSON,  Isaac,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Stod- 
dard, N.  II.,  died  July  9,  1854,  aged  75,  in  the 
52d  year  of  his  ministry.  Born  in  Hudson, 
N.  H.,  he  improved  his  few  literary  advantages, 
and  was  settled  in  1803.  He  preached  one  week 
before  liis  death.  On  the  day  of  his  death  he  paid, 
"  If  it  be  the  will  of  the  Lord,  may  my  earthly 
labors  end  on  this  Sabbath."  He  was  distinguished 
as  a  scholar  and  theologian.  He  published  a 
tract  on  Universalism ;  sermon  on  the  deatii  of 
S.  Payson ;  on  the  divinity  of  Christ ;  and  answer 
to  T.  R.  Sullivan's  strictures.  —  Sprague's  Annuls. 

ROBINSON,  Tracy,  died  at  Binghamton, 
N.  Y.,  Dec.  7,  1855,  aged  77.  Bom  in  Wind- 
ham, Conn.,  he  removed  to  Chenango  valley  in 
1800,  to  B.  in  1810,  when  in  that  place  was  only 
a  squad  of  cabins.  lie  was  a  physician,  jjost- 
master,  judge,  and  a  warden  in  Christ's  church ; 
and  died  greatly  lamented. 

ROBINSON,  John,  died  m  Brookline,  Jan. 
13, 1855  aged  91  years.  I'e  was  long  a  deacon  of 
the  church  under  the  care  of  Dr.  John  Pierce. 

ROBY,  Joseph,  minister  of  Lynn,  Mass., 
died  Jan.  31,  1803,  aged  79.  Born  in  Boston, lie 
graduated  in  1742,  and  was  ordained  in  1752,  &8 


ROBY. 

gucecuRor  of  Mr.  Chccvcr,  niul  continund  liis  In- 1 
born  lilly  yt-iirs.     lie  was  ii  fiiitlifiil  miniHtcr  and 
nil  cxci'lK'iit  CliriNtian.     lie  publislii-d  n  fust  scr- I 
nioii,  17H1,  and  17i)l.  j 

llOHY,  Thomas,  iniiiistor  of  Harrison,  Mc, 
died  in  IHiJO,  aged  70.  JIu  graduati'd  at  Har- 
vard in  1770. 

]t()('H.\MnK.\U,  Jkan  IUptistk  Donatil.n 
I)K  VlMKl'U,  comit,  marshal  of  I'ranfp,  died  in 
1807,  aged  82.  He  was  born  in  1725.  Afti-r 
niiicli  military  service,  he  wiw  ajipointcd  lieuten- 
nnt-Roneral,  and  hi  1780  sent  with  nn  array  of 
0,000  men  to  the  assistance  of  the  United  States 
in  the  war  witii  Great  IJritain.  In  the  siege  at 
Yorktown  he  rendered  important  services,  for  whicli 
he  received  the  present  of  two  cannon  tolicn  from 
Cornwallis.  In  the  .Ucvolutiun  he  narrowly  es- 
caped suffering  death  under  the  tyranny  of  Ilo- 
bcspierre.  In  1803  Bonaparte  gave  him  a  pen- 
sion and  the  grand  cross  of  the  legion  of  honor. 
His  memoirs  were  published,  8vo.,  1809. — Encyc, 
Amer. 

110CHE3TER,  NAxnANiFX,  colonel,  died  at 
Rochester,  N.  Y.,  May  17,  1831,  aged  79.  lie 
was  an  officer  of  the  Revolution :  the  town  of  II, 
was  named  after  him. 

ROCHESTER,  Willum  B.,  judge,  of  Buf- 
falo, was  lost  off  the  coast  of  North  Carolina 
June  15,  1838,  with  many  others,  by  the  explo- 
sion of  the  steamboat  Pulaski.  Ho  was  a  mem- 
ber of  congress  from  1821  to  1823,  and  was  much 
respected. 

ROCKWELL,  AViLT.UM,  ancestor  of  the 
Rockwells  in  tliis  country,  came  from  Plymouth, 
England,  with  Warham  and  Maverick,  in  1630. 
He  w.is  of  tlic  church  in  Dorchester  and  removed 
to  \\'ind8or.  He  was  a  deacon :  and  had  sons 
John  and  Samuel. 

ROCKWELL,  Alfha,  deacon,  died  in  Win- 
chester, Conn.,  June  1,  1818,  aged  50.  His  name 
was  given  him,  Alpha,  the  first  letter  of  the 
Greek  alpliabet,  because  he  was  the  first  child 
born  in  the  town  of  Colebrook.  lie  became 
pious  at  the  age  of  17.  He  died  in  great  peace 
and  triumph.  His  excellent  character,  and  his 
zeal  to  do  good  to  all  around  him,  are  described 
in  Mr.  Beach's  sermon  at  his  funeral,  extracts 
from  whicli  are  in  the  Boston  Recorder  of  July  7. 

ROCKWELL,  Lathrop,  minister  of  Lyme, 
Conn.,  died  in  1828,  aged  about  00.  He  grad- 
uated at  Dartmouth  in  1789,  and  was  ordained 
in  1790  as  successor  of  S.  Johnson,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded bv  C.  Colton. 

ROCKAVELL,  James  Otis,  died  in  Pro^^- 
dcnce  in  1831,  aged  24.  Born  in  Lebanon,  Conn., 
he  was  self-educated,  became  a  printer,  and  took 
the  charge  of  tlio  Providence  Patriot  for  his  last 
two  years.  lie  wrote  many  pieces  of  poetry, 
with  the  imperfections  of  an  undisciplined  genius. 
—  Cycl.  of  Amer,  Lit. 


nODGERS. 


709 


ROCKWELL.  Maiitin,  died  in  rolrl)rook. 
Conn.,  Dec.  11,  IHrd,  nged  80,  the  yoiintresi  and 
last  survivor  of  the  brothers  of  that  luitne,  wiio 
as  men  of  business,  iiliilanthropists,  ami  {'hriB- 
tiuiis  did  no  di.slionor  to  their  I'liritaii  aiiecslrv. 

ROCKWELL,  SAMUia,  died  nt  Holland  Pa- 
tent, Oneida  countv,  N.  Y.,  Mav  27,  \^oo,  aged 
101. 

ROCKWOOD,  EBENt^r.n,  M.  I).,  died  at 
Wilton,  N.  H.,  in  1H30,  ngrd  87.  He  graduated 
at  Harvard  college  in  1773;  and  was  highly  re- 
spected. His  widow,  Mary,  died  at  the  liouse  of 
lier  son-in-law,  Rev.  Leonard  Swetf,  in  Hollis,  in 
1848,  aged  91.  His  son,  l''l)enezei-  Rockwood,  a 
lawyer  of  high  promise,  a  graduate  of  1H02,  died 
at  Charlestown,  Mass.,  May  8,  1815,  aged  only 
32.  He  married  the  daughter  of  Ebcnezer  Haz- 
ard of  Pliiladcli)hin. 

RODGERS,  JoiiN,  I).  D.,  minister  in  New 
York,  died  May  7,  1811,  aged  83.  He  was  bom 
in  Boston,  Mass.,  Aug.  2,  1727.  His  parents 
having  removed  to  Philadelphia,  he  was  educated 
for  the  ministry  by  Mr.  Blair.  It  was  by  means 
of  tlie  preaching  of  Mr.  vVliitefield  that  his 
mind  was  impressed  by  religious  truth.  He  was 
ordained  Moich  16,  1749,  at  St.  George's,  Dela- 
ware, where  his  labors  were  very  useful  until 
July,  1705,  when  the  synod  sent  him  to  New 
York.  Upon  the  death  of  Mr.  Bostwick  he  be- 
came colleague  pastor  in  the  church  in  Wall 
street,  then  the  only  Presbyterian  church  in  the 
city.  He  died  in  the  triumph  of  the  believer. 
His  widow  died  March  15,  1812,  aged  87.  He 
was  the  intimate  friend  of  I'res.  Davies,  after 
whose  death  the  mother  of  Pros.  D.  resided  in 
liis  family.  As  a  preacher  ho  was  energetic, 
i:ealous,  and  faithful.  For  his  excellent  character 
he  was  highly  respected.  Several  of  his  sermons 
are  found  in  the  American  preacher.  His  life 
was  written  by  Samuel  Miller. 

RODGERS,  George  W.,  captain,  command- 
ing a  squadron  on  the  S.  A.  station,  died  at  Bue- 
nos Ayres  March  21, 1832,  aged  45;  a  brother  of 
Com.  John  R. 

RODGERS,  Jon.-^,  commodore,  died  at  Phila- 
delphia Aug.  1,  1838,  aged  about  73  years;  the 
senior  commander  in  the  navy.  He  had  been 
fifteen  months  in  the  naval  asylum,  most  of  the 
time  closely  confined  as  a  confirmed  hinatic.  He 
was  born  in  Maryland,  and  educated  for  the  nau- 
tical profession,  and  had  high  qualifications.  In 
1803  he  commanded  the  New  York  and  the  John 
Adams  in  the  Mediterranean :  bo  assisted  Preble. 
As  commander  of  the  marines  he  defended  Bal- 
timore in  the  war  of  1812. 

RODGERS,  J.  Kruuxet,  M.  D.,  died  at  New 
York  Nov.  9,  1851,  aged  58;  surgeon  in  the  hos- 
pital, one  of  the  founders  of  the  eye  and  ear  infir- 
mary. He  was  the  son  of  Dr.  J.  R.  B.  Rodgers, 
and  grandson  of  Rev.  Dr.  R.    lie  waa  an  cmi- 


710 


RODMAN, 


ROOEIIS. 


ncnt  durgcon,  and  won  once  (iuccrf»ful  in  lyinff  the 
Mubcluviaii  vein.  lie  wiih  not  ii  writer,  hut  n  Ml- 
ful  iiiid  honest  practitioner.  —  .V.  J'.  (I'iserccr, 
Nov.  1!7. 

IIODM.VX,  John,  Dr.,  a  Quaker,  lived  on 
Block  Island  in  .July,  lOHU,  when  three  French 
])rivnleer.s  took  jws.se.sHioii  of  the  iNliind  and  ])lun- 
dered  the  ijoople.  Oue  oC  the  rudians  iiiNiilled 
his  wife:  when  he  inlerposed  for  her  i)rotcction 
the  villain  liircateiied  to  shoot  him  with  his  jjistol. 
Opcnin;;  his  breast,  the  Dr.  said,  "Thee  inayest 
doit  if  thou  ])leaseNt,  l)ut  tho\i  nIuiU  not  alnwe 
my  wife."  His  two  slaves  joined  the  jjrivnteer's 
men.  A  slave  of  Simon  Hay,  an  aged  inhabitant, 
was  killed  by  them, 

JIODMAX,  Samufi,,  a  merchant,  died  at  New 
Bedford  Dec.  30,  IS.'J.i,  aged  8.'5. 

RODNEY,  C.v..s.\ii,  jjrcRident  of  Delaware, 
died  in  1783.  He  was  the  descendant  of  an  an- 
cient Enfjlish  family,  the  son  of  William  J{.  ;  was 
born  in  Dover,  Delaware,  about  1730.  Do  inher- 
ited a  large  real  estate.  In  170j  he  was  n  mem- 
ber of  congress  at  New  York,  lie  early  resisted 
the  tyrannical  claims  of  Great  Britiiin.  Being  a 
member  of  the  congress  of  1774,  he  was  placed 
on  several  important  committees.  He  voted  for 
the  Declaration  of  Inde])endence  in  177G.  His 
colleagues,  M'Kean  and  Read,  being  divided  in 
opinion,  his  vote  determined  the  vote  of  the  State. 
Indeed,  Mr.  M'Kcan  sent  ^m  express  for  liim,  as 
he  was  then  absent,  and  he  entered  the  hall  with 
his  spurs  on  his  boots  just  before  the  great  ques- 
tion was  put.  After  the  first  constitution  of 
Delaware  was  adopted,  he  was  the  president  of 
the  State  from  1778  till  1782,  when  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  John  Dickinson ;  during  this  difficult 
period  his  energy  afforded  efficient  aid  to  Wash- 
ington in  the  prosecution  of  the  war.  A  cancer 
on  his  face,  which  for  many  years  had  afflicted 
him,  was  the  cause  of  his  death.  He  was  a  man 
of  patriotic  feeling  and  generous  character.  — 
Qoodrich. 

ROE,  AzEL,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Woodbridgc, 
N.  J.,  died  Dec.  2, 181o,  aged  77.  He  graduated 
at  Princeton  in  1 750,  and  was  the  pastor  fifty-six 
years.  Mr.  McDowell  preached  his  funeral  ser- 
mon. 

ROESE,  WiLLUM,  died  in  ^laryland  in  1813, 
aged  108. 

ROGERS,  TnoMAS,  one  of  the  passengers  in 
the  Mayflower,  arrived  at  Plymouth  in  1620,  and 
died  in  the  first  sickness,  about  April,  1C21.  His 
son  Joseph  survived,  and  other  children  came 
over.     His  descendants  were  numerous. 

ROGERS,  Natiiamel,  minister  of  Ipswich, 
Mass.,  died  July  3,  1655,  aged  57.  He  was  the 
son  of  Rev.  John  Rogers  and  Elizabeth  Gold, 
of  Dedham,  in  England,  and  a  grandson  of  John 
Rogers  the  martyr.  He  was  born  in  1598,  and 
was  educated  at  Emanuel  college,  Cambridge. 


The  evils  to  which  hin  Puritan  principles  pxponcd 
him  induced  him  to  come  to  Ni  w  England.  1|,. 
loiilcd  Jinie  I,  1030;  but  did  hot  iii^t  inuhor  in 
MiissachiiNetts  bay  till  Nov.  l(i.  In  the  folli'.-vint; 
year  he  was  ii  member  of  the  synod,  together  with 
Mr.  l'artri<lge,  who  came  in  the  siime  vesKel.  IIo 
w^ssettlrd  in  the  place  of  Mr.  Word,  asoolh  agiie 
with  Mr.  Norton  at  Ipswith,  I'el).  JO,  10."!).  lii>i 
son,  John,  was  president  of  lliirvnid  coll(';,'c  j  his 
only  daughter  married  Rev,  William  llubbnrd. 
As  a  pr'jaeher  he  jjosse^sed  a  lively  elfl(|iien((', 
which  chormed  his  hearers.  Though  one  of  the 
greatest  men  among  the  first  settlers  of  New 
I'.ngland,  he  was  very  humble,  modest,  and  re- 
served. He  published  a  letter  to  a  member  of 
the  house  of  commons  in  1043,  in  which  he  pleads 
for  a  reformation  of  church  affairs,  and  he  left  in 
mamiscrijit  a  vindication  of  the  Congregational 
church  government,  in  Lathi.  —  Mag.  ill.  104, 
108  J  S/irat/ue'ii  Annals. 

ROGERS,  EZEKIEL,  first  minister  of  Rowley, 
Mass.,  died  Jan.  23,  1001,  aged  70.  He  wns  a 
cousin  of  the  jireceding  ;  was  born  in  England  in 
1500,  the  son  of  Riclmrd  Rogers  of  Wcthersfield. 
After  being  educated  at  Cambridge,  he  became 
the  chaplain  of  Sir  Francis  Barrington.  His 
j)reaching  was  in  o  strain  of  oratory  which  de- 
lighted his  hearers.  He  afterwards  received  the 
benefice  of  Rowi<y,  where  his  benevolent  labors 
were  attended  with  great  success.  At  length  his 
nonconformity  obliged  him  to  seek  a  refuge  from 
persecution  in  New  England,  where  he  arrived  in 
1038,  bringing  with  him  a  number  of  respectable 
families.  He  commenced  the  plantation  at  Row 
ley  in  April,  1030,  and  Dec.  3  was  ordained. 
He  died  after  a  lingering  sickness.  His  thiid 
wife  was  the  daughter  of  John  Wilson.  Ills 
library  he  bequeathed  to  Harvard  college,  and 
his  house  and  lands  to  the  town  for  the  su])]ion 
of  the  raini.stry.  In  the  latter  part  of  his  lile  it 
pleased  God  to  overwhelm  him  with  calamities. 
A  fall  from  his  horse  deprived  him  of  the  use  of 
his  right  hand  j  much  of  his  property  was  con- 
sumed by  fire ;  and  he  buried  two  wives  and  all 
his  children.  He  was  pious,  zealous,  and  jicrsc- 
vering.  His  feeble  health  induced  him  when  in 
England  to  study  the  science  of  medicine. 
Though  his  strong  passions  sometimes  mi.slcd 
liim,  yet  he  was  so  humble  ns  readily  to  acknow- 
ledge his  error.  He  preached  the  election  .ser- 
mon in  1643,  in  which  he  vehemently  exhorted 
his  hearers  never  to  choose  the  same  man  gover- 
nor for  two  successive  years  j  but  his  exhortation 
was  disregarded,  for  Mr.  Winthrop  was  re-elected. 
—  Magnalia,in.  101-104;  Sprai/nc's  Annals. 

ROGERS,  John,  ])resident  of  Harvard  col- 
lege, died  July  2,  1684,  aged  53.  He  was  grad- 
uated at  this  seminary  in  1049.  He  was  the  son 
of  N.  Rogers,  with  whom  he  preached  some  time 
as  an  assistant  at  Ipswiuh,  but  at  length  his  inch- 


ItOCiF.RS. 


nocir.ns. 


m 


n.iiion  to  iho '•'iiily  i)f  ])liysi(' wiilidrow  !il«  aftrn- '  ministn-.  Ifc  jxradimtnl  in  ICiSI,  nnd  «;>«  or- 
tioii  friim  llu'(.li);/y.  Alter  llic  tlcalli  nf  I'roidriit  daiiicd  in  Hi'.lJ,  \\  ixj,'li-.«i)rtli  priMilifd  ii  »fr- 
OiikcH  he  wnx  (dcrtcil  liii*  Hticccs.Hor  in  April,  lOH'j, !  mot)  on  liin  dculh.  Ili»  r<uM,  l)nniid,  wn*  tlio 
nnil  was  installed  Aiif^.  1'.*,  lUSU.  He  died  siid-  tuinistcr  of  I'.xrliT.  )|c- ui\k  Iiitn)>rll°  the  sun  of 
donlv  iIh"  day  alter  eoiiimeneeinent,  and  was  une-  I'residi'iit  John,  ii  |irea(lier,  whii«c  anceslorH  wi  ro 
teeded  ^y '"crease  MatiuT.  lie  was  reniarkahli'  ininistei-.  in  this  ascendiii^{  nider :  Nalhaniil  of 
for  tiie  HWiedie^N  of  his  temper,  and  he  united  to  Ijiswich,  Jnljn  id'  llidliani,  l'.n|;liMid,  wIki  \ias  tho 
t.iifei"ncd  piety  tlie  ner'umpiislinientK  of  the  tfeii-    KraiMlson  olMidiii,  lh(  niartjr  ol  Siiiitlilield,  l''eli,, 


vliinan.  His  wife  was  Klizahetli  Dennisun;  his 
dauxliler  married  President  l.everett  i  iiis  Hon, 
])aniel,  a  physieian  in  Ipswich,  died  in  a  Rnow- 
gtorni  on  Hampton  lieacli,  I)ec.  1,  17U'-',  leavin;^ 
(I  8on,  J)nniel,  tlic  minister  of  I-ittleton  ;  his  son, 
Nathaniel,  wan  the  minister  of  Portsmouth  ;  his 
Bon,  John,  the  minister  of  lj)s\vich,  who  loll  three 
sons,  who  were  ministers,  —  John  of  Kiltery,\vho 
died  Oct.  l(i,  1773,  aged  82;  Nathaniel  of  Ips- 
wich, a  colleague  ;  and  Daniel  of  Exeter.  John 
K.,  the  minister  of  CJlonecster,  who  died  Oct.  J, 
i7S2,  aged  03,  wim  the  son  of  J.  R.  of  Kittery, 
or  Eliot.  Truly  this  was  a  fnmily  of  ministers. — 
Mnqu.  IV.  130  J  Sprngue's  Annals. 

UOGEIIS,  John,  the  founder  of  the  small  sect 
of  the  Uogerencs  in  New  London  county.  Conn., 
was  the  son  of  James,  wh.o  died  in  1088,  a  rc- 
spectahle  (Juidicr  or  seventh-day  man.  It  was  a 
provision  in  his  will,  "  There  shall  be  no  lawing 
among  my  chilli  ren;"  he  required  tliem  to  decide 
niiv  diHercnce  by  lot.  Hut  they  were  regardless 
of  his  injunction.  He  ma.  ried  Elizabeth,  daugh- 
ter of  M.  Oriswold  of  J^jme ;  she  obtained  a  di- 
vorce, and  married  I'ctcr  Pratt.  His  son,  John, 
was  a  disciple  :  he  was  the  fathia'  of  twenty  chil- 
dren. The  fanatics  of  this  family  worked  on  the 
Sabbath,  and  sometimes  disturbed  the  worship  of 
others,  and  drew  upon  themselves  various  j)enal- 
ties.  Once  J.  K.  sent  in  a  wig  as  his  conlributior 
for  the  support  of  n  wigged  ministry;  but  he  la- 
mented his  folly.  Tiie  sect  is  not  yet  quite  ex- 
tinct.    Jolin,  the  second,  died  in  1721,  aged  73, 


\'t't').  He  pul)lished  death  the  wages  of  sin, 
17t)l  ;  election  sermon,  l'(N)|  on  death  of  J. 
.Vppleton,  173!);  an  aeeount  of  a  revival  in  the 
Christian  history. 

IHKil'.US,  Joii.N,  minister  of  lloxCord,  Mans., 
ili('(l  in  17.V),  aged  about  72.  Horn  in  .Saieni,  ho 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  no'i,  and  was  pastor 
from  17()!»  to  about  1713;  and  was  succeeded  by 
E.  HolM)ke. 

IKMil'.US,  John,  minister  ol'  Kittery,  Me.,  died 
in  1773,  aged  HI.  The  son  of  Itcv.  John  It.  of 
Ipswith,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  171  1,  and 
was  ordained  in  1721.  His  jiarisli  bieamc  the 
town  of  I'.liot  in  1810. 

ItOCiEU.S,  Natii.\xii;i„  son  of  Kev.  John  of 
Ipswich,  and  his  colleague,  died  May  10,  177.*, 
aged  72,  having  been  pastor  nearly  lllty  years. 
He  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1721.  He  wiis  a 
man  of  eminent  learning  and  goodniMs.  Tiie 
jiastors  of  Ijjswich  were  of  the  name  of  Kogers 
for  more  than  one  hundred  years.  The  family 
descended  from  Rogers  the  martyr,  the  grand- 
father of  ^Ir.  Rogers  of  Hedliam,  I'.ngland, whoso 
son,  Nalhainel,  came  to  New  I'.ngland.  He  pub- 
lished a  sermon  on  the  death  of  J.  .\])])leton, 
173!);  at  the  ordination  of  J.  Treadwell;  on  tho 
death  of  S.  Williams,  1703. 

ROCil'.RS,  R(iiu;i(T,  major,  the  son  of  James 
R.,  an  Irislnnan,  an  early  settler  of  I)unbart(m, 
N.  H.,  commanded  a  comijany  in  the  war  of  17.;<), 
and  "Rogers'  Rangers"  were  celebrated  lor  their 
exploits.     March  13,  17.58,  with  one  hundred  and 


and  was  b\n'ied  on  the  Mamacdck  farm,  on  the    seventy  men  he  fought  one  hundred  I'rench  and 


river  Thames.  He  ])ublislie(l  tlic  midnight  cry 
and  other  books.  —  Miss  Cuiillchis'  Jlislory  of 
New  London. 

ROGERS,  l)A.Nli;i,,  a  physician  in  Ii),swicli, 
Mass.,  died  in  a  snow-storm  on  1  lampton  beach, 
Dec.  1,  1722,  aged  about  .00.  He  was  the  son  of 
President  J.  Rogers,  and  grad.iatcd  at  Harvard 
in  lOSG. 

ROGERS,  Natiianiei.,  minister  of  Portsmouth, 
N.  II.,  died  Oct.  3,  1723,  aged  about  50.  The 
son  of  Piesident  llogcrs,  lie  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1087,  and  was  ordained  in  1G99.  In  con- 
sequence of  building  a  meeting-house  the  chiu'ch 
was  divided  into  two  churches.  His  sons  were 
Nathaniel,  who  was  the  father  of  Judge  II.  of 
Exeter,  and  Daniel,  who  was  a  councillor. — 
Elioi. 

]{OGERS,  Joiix,  minister  of  I])swich,  died 
Dec.  28,  171j,  aged  79,  in  the  5Gth  year  of  his 


SIX  hundred  Indians;  after  losing  (aie  lumdred 
men  and  killing  one  hundred  and  Ul'ly  be  retreat- 
ed. In  17")!)  he  was  sent  liy  .\inlierst  from  ('nwn 
Point  to  destroy  the  Indian  village  of  St.  i  an- 
cis,  which  service  was  performed ;  two  hundred 
Indians  were  killed.  Obliged  to  return  by  tho 
way  of  the  Coniwclieut  liver,  the  jiarly  sullu'ed 
great  hardshi])s.  After  serving  in  the  C'herokec 
war  he  was  apjjoinled  in  1700  governor  of  .Mich- 
illimackinac.  Accused  of  a  jdot  for  j)lundering 
the  fort  and  Joining  the  I'rench,  he  was  sent  in 
irons  to  Montreal  ainl  tried  by  a  coiirt  martial. 
In  1709  he  went  to  England  and  was  ])resented 
to  the  king ;  but  was  soon  imprisoned  for  debt. 
In  the  war  of  the  Revolution  be  joined  the  ene- 
my, and,  while  commanding  a  cor])s  at  an  out- 
post near  Maniaroncck  narrowly  esca])cd  being 
taken  prisoner  Oct.  21,  1770,  by  a  ])arty  sent  out 
by  Lord  Stirling.    He  soon  went  to  Ijigland. 


712 


ROfJFRS. 


noi.FK. 


IliK  nnmp  U  incliidrHl  in  tlio  nrt  of  New  Hnmp- 
•hire  iiKiiiiiHt  tiirii'M,  nf  Ndv.  lit,  177m.  UIn 
futhor  wii.i  nIioI  ill  the  wcimls,  liciiiK  nii^tiikin  tor 
a  \nn\T  \  liift  Itrotiiir,  (',i|)l  liii  Jdmicn  It.,  ilicil  nt 
LoiiiNliiirf;  i  liii  hroliicr,  Kicliiiril,  mum  oliiiii  in 
1700.  Hi'  puliliKlicil  It  coiii'iNt'  iiccoiiiit  ol"  North 
Amcrirn,  I.diKJDn,  I7(1.J!  jonnmN  of  the  I'rrnch 
war,  (7<).^;  tliis  wiih  ri'|iulili»hi'il,  cnliilcil,  rciiii- 
niHCL'i.HCd  of  tiic  I''n'iich  wiir,  with  th«i  iilu  of 
Utiirk,  i'.'mo.,  ('uncord.  |n;{|. 

llOCiI'.U.H,  John,  ininittcrof  (ilonrcHtrr.  Mhnh., 
died  (Jcl.  •»,  17SL',  iiKi'd  <i'>.  Horn  in  Kittfry, 
Mc,  ho  f^rndiiiitud  iit  Harvard  in  1730,  and  wun 
nettled  ill  1711. 

IKXJKltS,  Daniki.,  miniNtcr  of  Littleton,  Mann., 
died  in  17NL',  n^^ed  Id.  He  wan  the  Hon  of  Dr. 
Daniel  ]{. ;  graduated  in  172<>  i  and  waH  ordained 
in  171)2.  He  waH  a  man  of  talents  and  reNearch, 
and  courtly  in  IiIn  niannerH. — h'liol. 

nOiil'MS,  D.VMia.,  HrHt  miniNtcr  of  the  second 
church  in  J'Aeter,  N.  IL,  died  Dec.  I),  MM,  ajfcd 
78.  The  Non  of  llev.  J.  11.,  he  Kra'h'i'ted  at  Hor- 
vnrd  in  172i> ;  was  tutor  from  1732  to  1711  i  and 
was  settled  .Viik.  >'H,  171H. 

KOGKllS,  John,  llrst  minister  of  LcominHtcr, 
Mass.,  died  in  Oct.,  17Si),  aged  about  80,  and  woh 
succeeded  by  F.  Gardner.  Horn  in  Uoxford,  he 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1732,  and  was  settled 
Sept.  4,  1713)  resigned  in  1757.  He  publislied 
three  sermons,  17i>(). 

IIOGKUS,  Sus.\>NiUI,  published  an  account  of 
LoveweU's  fight. 

IIOGFUS,  C'LAiiK,  the  first  minister  of  Han- 
cock, Mass.,  died  Jan.  11,  1800,  aged  70,  in  the 
thirty-fourth  year  of  his  ministry.  He  was  a 
Baptist.  His  sons,  Samuel  and  William,  were 
also  distinguished  ministers. 

IIOGI'US,  IIi:zi:kiaii,  major,  of  the  war  de- 
partment, died  at  Washington  Se])t.  4,  IHIO,  aged 
07.  He  was  a  gallant  oflicer  in  the  Kevolution- 
ary  army  ;  a  man  of  worth.  In  great  suffering, 
the  gosjiel,  which  he  hud  early  embraced,  bus- 
taiiipd  him. 

JlOGI'WtS,  Saiiaii,  born  without  hands,  died  at 
Philadeljjhia  in  Oct.,  1813.  She  could  paint, 
holding  the  brush  in  her  mouth. 

IIOGKUS,  AVii.i.UM,  D.  J).,  a  minister  in 
I'hiladelphia,  died  April  24,  1824,  aged  72.  He 
was  born  at  Newjiort,  11.  I.,  July  22,  17.51, 
and  was  the  first  student  at  the  college  of  11.  I., 
graduating  in  170!).  In  May,  1771,  he  was  or- 
dained over  the  first  Hajitist  church  in  I'hiladel- 
phia. During  five  years  he  was  a  ehajilain  in  the 
army.  In  1789  he  was  ajipointcd  professor  of 
belles  lettres  in  the  college  of  Philadelphia,  which 
oflice  he  resigned  in  1812.  He  ])ublished  a  ser- 
mon on  the  death  of  Jlev.  0.  Hart,  1790. 

ItOGEUS,  Mi:i)Al),  minister  of  New  Fairfield, 
Conn.,  died  in  1824,  aged  about  08.    He  gradu- 


ated nt  Ynle  in  1777,  mid  wan  urttled  In  1780. 
.\.  O.  Sliiimliiiry  was  I'ii  «iie(eK»or. 

lt()(i!;itS.  .\hAM.  died  in  .Man-flild,  Conn.,  in 
Nov.,  IH.'II,  iiKid   l();i. 

It'XH'.ltS,  lldiiiiiT,  ciloiirl,  died  nt  Newport 
Aug.  a,  IN.'l.j,  aged  7H,  an  ollleer  in  the  Hcvipju. 
lionury  iirniy.  He  wiis  a  graduate  in  177.')  of 
I'l-ovideiii'c  colic  ge,  p'or  many  years  lie  was  at 
the  head  of  a  ciiiKsicMl  scliofd,  and  librarian  of  tlm 
lied  wood  library.  He  was  a  highly  respected 
memlxr  of  the  Ilaptist  church. 

llOGF.ItS,  .Nathan,  died  at  Ilridgehomptnn, 
Ij.  I.,  in  1814,  ii;{ed  /i7.  He  was  an  orlist  of  merit 
and  re|iutatii)n,  a  niemher  of  the  national  ocndc- 
my  of  design.  He  lent  his  aid  to  institutions  of 
morals  and  charity. 

lUKiKUS.  John,  chief  of  the  Western  riiero- 
kees,  died  at  Van  Iluren  July  4,  18  Id,  aged  70. 

JIOGKUH,  'I'lMoTllv  I''.,  minister  of  Ilernards- 
ton,  Mass.,  died  in  1817,  aged  00.  Horn  in 
Tewkslmry,  he  graduated  at  Horvard  in  1H02, 
and  was  settled  in  1801).  The  church,  of  which 
he  was  the  fourth  postor,  was  formed  at  Deer- 
field  in  1741,  when  John  Norton  was  ordained 
over  what  was  called  Fall  Town.  He  iiublislud 
dedication  sermon,  182/5. 

HOOI'',UH,  ]'i;ti;ii,  died  nt  Waterloo,  111.,  in 
1849,  aged  99  ;  a  niinister.  He  was  one  of  AVash- 
ington's  life  guards. 

IIOGFHH,  J.  Smyth,  M.  D.,  died  at  New  York 
March  30,  18r)l,  aged  fl7.  He  was  a  man  of  ed- 
ucation and  acconi])liNhments;  jirofessor  of  chem- 
istry and  mineraliigy  in  Trinity  college,  Hartford. 

liOGEUS,  WiMTAM  .M.,  minister  in  Hoston, 
died  Aug.  11,  18',  1,  aged  nearly  4.'5.  He  was 
born  in  the  island  of  Alderney,  near  the  coast  of 
France  i  his  brother,  an  officer,  was  killed  in  the 
battle  of  the  Nile.  Left  without  parents,  he  was 
sent  to  this  count ly  luid  became  a  member  of  J)r. 
Codman's  church,  Donhester.  lie  graduated  in 
1827.  For  five  years  he  was  the  minister  (if 
Townsend  j  then  of  I'raidilin-street  church  in 
Hoston  in  18.'J.j,  removed  to  AVinter  street  in 
1841.  He  was  buried  at  Leominster.  He  took 
a  great  interest  in  the  welfare  of  seamen,  and 
was  a  verv  jiopular  and  useful  minisler. 

KOGFJiS,  Jamds  H.,  M.  D.,  died  at  Philmlel- 
])hia  June  ]!>,  18,'>2.  He  was  professor  of  cliein- 
istry  in  the  university  of  Pennsylvania. 

IIOGKUSON,  UoiiKliT,  second  minister  of 
Uehobofh,  Mass,,  (lied  in  179!),  aged  77.  llenas 
l)orn  in  Portsmouth,  Fnghind,  and  succeeded  1). 
Turner  July  2,  1751.  O.  Thompson  succeeded 
him. 

HOLFF,  Hknjamin,  second  minister  nf  Haver- 
hill, Mass.,  was  slain  by  the  Indians  Aug.  20, 
1708,  aged  45.  The  son  of  Heiij.  11.  of  New- 
bury, he  was  born  Se])t.  13,  1002;  graduated  at 
Harvard  college  in  1084 1  began  to  preach  at  II. 


HOLFK. 

in  IflW,  niul  via*  ordiiintMl  in  Jnn.,  Irtftl.  Tlir 
ItKliiiii't  niid  I'rciicli  rniiii  Cmmlii  nmilc  lln  ir  iil- 
t.ii'l^  <><>  lliiviM'liill  on  Siiriiliy,  mil  witli  IiIki  liis 
will"  hikI  line  eliilil  wcrf  also  killcl.  Two  (liui;,'li- 
teri»  wcro  |)n'Norvc(l  liy  llnniir,  llip  niiiid  niTvint, 
wlio  CDVcrcd  them  Willi  tiilw  ill  till'  rcilnri  oiii'  of 
whom  iiiiurird  Suniiiri  Cliccklcy,  iiiinislcr  of  llos- 
ton.  'I'lic  diMir  of  llii-  |mrMoiin({c  lumsr,  jiiciTcd 
with  ImJlrl-iiolcs,  wim  iiiiilcd  tip  iii  ii  niciiioritil  in 
tjic  porch  of  the  niccliiin-hoiisc. 

ItOI.I'i;,  IJr.NiA.MiN,  llrHt  miiiistiT  of  I'lirMoni- 
fiolil,  Mc,  dii'd  in  IM17,  aifvd  uhoiit  (!'J.  Horn  in 
Ncwiiiiry,  he  (graduated  at  Ilnrviird  in  1777  ;  whm 
gfttlcd  ill  Xl'.h'i ;  and  dismlsMcii  in  iHl.j. 

IIOI-FK.  William,  miniMter  of  Oroton,  Conn., 
dird  in  1H;J7,  n(?('d  nhoiit  70.  His  widow.  Juditli, 
died  at  ('aiitt-rhury  in  18J9,  nxcd  16.  Ho  was 
Iwirn  in  I'laistow  j  ^raduatvd  nt  Dartmouth  in 
17!)!);  and  was  pastor  from  IHOU  to  IS'JH. 

JIOMKYN,  Tiii:oiM)iii(;  Dim  K,  J).  D.,  minisfrr 
of  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  died  Ajiril  10,  IKOl,  aged 
00.  He  won  the  son  of  Nieh(»his  1{.  j  wr  •  horn 
Jan.  12,  1711,  at  New  Hnriiadoes,  New  ierNey. 
His  early  studies  were  directed  by  his  brother, 
Thomas  11.,  then  a  minister  in  Delaware.  Hefjrad- 
uated  at  I'rineuton  in  IVOii  j  was  ordained  by  the 
Cd'tus  over  the  Dutcli  church  in  Ulster  Ciiity 
May  I'l,  1706,  and  afterwards  installed  at  Hack- 
cnsack,  where  he  remained  until  his  removal  to 
Schenectady  in  Nov.,  1784.  In  1707  he  wan 
appointed  |)rofessor  of  theolof^y  in  the  Dutch 
church.  The  estalilishment  of  the  colle>,'e  at 
Schenectady  is  ])rincij)ally  to  be  ascribed  to  his 
efforts.  His  colleague,  Mr.  Meyer,  represents 
him  as  a  son  of  thunder  in  tlic  j)ulpit.  He  was 
liiglily  instrumental  in  ])romoting  tlio  inili'])eiid- 
once  of  the  ]  )utch  churches,  or  their  separation 
from  the  jurisdiction  of  Holland. 

IIOMKYN,  Jkkkmiaii,  minister  of 'Woodstoek, 
Ulster  county,  N.  Y.,  died  July  17,  1818,  aged  -10. 
He  was  a  professor  of  Hebrew  in  the  Ilcformcd 
Dutch  church. 

110.M1;YX,  John  B.,  D.  D.,  minister  in  New 
York,  died  Feb.  22,  182.J,  aged  40.  He  was  the 
only  son  of  the  minister  of  Schenectady ;  was 
born  in  1778;  graduated  at  Columbia  college  in 
1795;  and  was  settled  in  1799  as  'u  ;>a»tor  of 
the  Dutch  church  in  llhinebeck,  '  1803  he 
succeeded  Dr.  Clarkson  at  Schenectaay ;  in  1804 
lie  succeeded  Dr.  Nott  at  Albany ;  and  in  1808  was 
removed  to  the  Presbyterian  church  in  Cedar 
street,  Xow  Y'ork,  of  which  he  was  the  first  min- 
ister. His  sermons  were  jjublished,  2  vols.  8vo., 
1810. 

IIOMEYN,  JAMK.S  V.  C,  minister  at  Hacken- 
saek,  X.  J.,  died  June  27,  1840,  aged  74. 

IIOXALDSON,  Jamks,  died  at   Philadelphia 
March  31,  1841.     A  native  of  Scotland,  he  was  a 
type-founder   and    horticulturist.    The  beautiful 
30 


nosi:. 


Tit 


TmrtiTv,  lioaring  hii  nsme.  was  Mtnbliihod  by 
him.      n<'  W:h  iiprlchl,  frii^nl.  lionrM. 

ItOOT.  JiHsi:,  jiid^'c,  n  pniriiit  of  the  Ilevolu- 
li.m,  died  M.irili  •.';».  i8J'.'.  ngrd  M,V  Hr  was  tha 
son  1)1'  I'.beiir/iT  H.,  and  grandson  of  riiomiis  U., 
both  of  whom  rcinovfil  Ironi  Xnrihaniploii  to 
('iiM'iitry.  Conn.;  «ns  JHirn  in  J. in.,  17.17;  lii« 
niDlhrr  WHS  Sarah  Strmi;,',  diiiglitir  of  Joseph 
S.,  also  from  Niirthiunpton.  Hiniiig  graibiuud 
at  I'rinceton  college  in  I7.>0,  he  prcaclicd  aliout 
three  years,  and  iheii  in  coiisri|ueiice  of  the  cir- 
cumstances of  his  family  was  induced  to  study 
law.  In  17(',.l  be  was  ailmilted  to  the  bar.  lie- 
aiding  lit  Ihirlt'ord,  early  in  1777  he  raised  a  com- 
pany and  niaiched  tojoin  the  army  of  Washington, 
and  was  made  a  lieutenanl-colonel.  I'rom  May, 
1779,  till  the  clo«e  of  the  war,  he  was  a  member 
of  congress.  In  ;  ,  9  he  was  appointed  a  judge 
of  the  superior  c.  m"',  and  was  eliief  justice  from 
1790  till  his  resignation  in  tsi)7,  on  reaching  the 
age  of  70.  ns  a  judge  he  was  learned  and  dig- 
nified. He  wns  through  life  a  man  of  exemjilary 
l)iety.  To  the  great  doctrines  of  the  gospel  he 
was  evc!  strongly  attached  ;  and  he  abounded  in 
nets  of  ';harity.  At  the  age  of  8.")  he  was  accus- 
tomed 10  attend  prayer  meetings  and  religious 
conf  •  .'nces.  In  ^"le  cveni.ig  of  his  death  he  said, 
"  I  set  out  on  a  •■  asant  journey  in  the  morning, 
and  I  shall  ^'"t  .u  ,ugh  to-night." 

HOOT,  O;  M.,;,  colonel,  died  in  Pittsfield  May 
2.  "^'.'0,  aged  85.  He  ser'  d  in  the  French  war; 
w  a  )).•>.  ■lene  at  the  surre.  ::  r  of  Purgoyne ;  and 
w  s  wi.i'.  Colonel  lirown,  when  he  was  killed, 
skilfully  conducting  the  retreat.  He  was  a  man 
of  gi'eat  worth,  highly  respected. 

ItOOT,  FuAsrrs,  general,  died  in  New  York 
Dec.  21,  1840,  aged  7.3.  Porn  in  Hebron,  he 
graduated  at  Dartmouth.  As  a  lawyer  he  .settled 
a»  Dellii.  He  served  in  public  life  as  representa- 
tive, senator,  4iMd  lieutenant-governor,  and  as  a 
senator  of  the  United  States.  He  was  a  political 
disciple  of  G.  Clinton.  Tall  and  stout,  he  was 
bold,  frank,  zealous,  and  trustworthy. 

IIOPER,  John,  was  killed  by  the  Indians  at 
Lancaster  in  1070,  aged  about  55.  He  was  a 
freeman  of  Dedham  in  1041.  His  first  wife  was 
killed  in  1075.  His  second  wife,  a  daughter,  and 
his  son,  Ephraim,  were  killed  in  1097. 

POPES,  Gkouge,  an  early  settler  of  Salem, 
Mass.,  in  1037,  died  in  1070,  leaving  sons,  John 
and  George,  whose  descendants  have  been  nu- 
merous and  respectable. 

POPES,  BiiXJAMiN,  a  brave  ofHcer  in  the  war  of 
1812,  died  at  Salem  July  29,  1845,  aged  71.  He 
was  in  the  battles  on  the  Niagara  river  in  Canada. 

ROSE,  Aqlila,  a  poet  of  Philadelphia,  is 
spoken  of  by  Franklin.  His  poems  on  several 
occasions  were  published  by  his  son,  Joseph,  in 
1740.  —  C'jcl.  o/Amer.  Lit. 


714 


ROSE. 


ROWLAND. 


ROSE,  TiMOTllY,  nn  early  settler  of  Granville, 
Ohio,  (lied  Nov.  10,  1815,  aged  50.  lie  was  l)orn 
in  Granville,  Mass.,  Juno  1,  1702,  and  was  a  soldier 
in  early  life,  afterwards  a  deacon,  lie  conducted 
a  colony  to  Ohio ;  and  Granville  has  now  a  col- 
lege and  two  academies,  and  about  a  quarter  of 
the  Inhabitants  arc  professors  of  religion.  lie 
was  a  judge,  and  he  left  a  character  worthy  of 
remembrance  for  enterprise,  and  benevolent,  use- 
ful labors. 

HOSE,  Daniel,  M.  D.,  died  at  Thomaston, 
Mi. ,  Oct.  25,  1833,  aged  02.  lie  was  warden  of 
the  State  prison,  and  agent  for  the  sale  of  lands. 

ROSE,  Israel  G.,  minister  of  Chesterfield, 
Mass.,  died  Feb.  0,  1812,  aged  43.  Born  in  Cov- 
entry, he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1821,  and  was  first 
the  minister  of  Canterbury,  also  of  Wilbraham. 

ROSS,  George,  judge,  a  patriot  of  the  Revo- 
lution, died  in  July,  1779,  aged  49.  lie  was  the 
son  of  an  Episcopal  minister  at  New  Castle,  Del- 
aware, and  was  born  in  1730.  Having  studied 
law  with  his  brother  in  Philadelphia,  he  settled  in 
Lancaster.  Being  a  member  of  congress  from 
1774  to  1777,  he  signed  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence. For  his  public  services  the  people  of 
the  county  voted  him  150  pounds  out  of  the 
treasury;  but  he  declined  to  receive  it,  deeming 
it  the  duty  of  a  representative  o*  the  jieople  to 
promote  the  public  welfare  without  expecting 
pecuniary  rewards.  In  April,  1779,  ho  was  aj)- 
pointed  a  judge  of  the  court  of  admiralty,  lie 
died  of  a  sudden  attack  of  the  gout.  Wliile  he 
was  a  patriotic  citizen  and  a  learned  and  skilful 
lawyer,  he  was  also  kind  and  afiectionate  at  home. 
—  Ooodrich. 

ROSS,  Robert,  minister  of  Bridgeport,  Conn., 
died  in  1799,  aged  about  00.  He  graduated  at 
Princeton  in  1751,  and  was  settled  in  1700.  S. 
Blatchford  was  lus  successor  in  1797. 

ROSS,  Alexander,  died  in  New  Hampshire 
in  September,  1818,  aged  120.  —  N.  II.  Patriot, 
Sept.  29. 

ROSS,  William,  general,  died  at  Wilkesbarre 
Aug.  9,  1842,  aged  82  ;  an  early  settler  from  New 
London  county,  a  man  of  great  wealth,  the  father 
of  William  S.  Ross,  of  the  senate  of  Pennsylva- 
nia. 

ROSS,  James,  died  at  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  Nov.  27, 
1847,  aged  85 :  a  senator  of  the  United  States 
from  1794  to  1803. 

ROSS,  Edward  C,  LL.  D.,  died  at  New  York 
May  16, 1851 ;  professor  of  mathematics  in  the 
free  academy. 

ROSSETER,  BRY,iN,  Dr.,  was  an  early  .  ettler 
of  Guilford,  Conn.,  in  1650.  He  j)urchased  Dr. 
Desborow's  house  and  lands  when  lie  returnei  to 
England.  His  son  Josiah  was  a  magistrate  :  i  ne 
of  his  daughters  married  Rev.  John  Cotton  of 
Plymouth.     It  is  supposed  that  he  was  a  freeman 


in  Massachusetts  in  1031,  and  removed  to  Wind- 
sor in  1040,  iiy  mistake  called  Bray  Rosseter. 

ROSSETER,    EnEN?:zER,    third    minister  of  , 
Stonington,  Conn.,  died  in  1702,  aged  about  (14.  ' 
He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1718,  and  succeeded  J, 
Noyes  in  1722,  and  was  dismissed  in  1730. 

Rosseter,  A-shur,  second  minister  of  Pres- 
ton, Conn.,  died  in  1791,  aged  about  00.  Gradu- 
ated at  Yale  in  1742,  he  succeeded  S.  Treat  in 
1744. 

ROSSITER,  Edward,  an  assistant  in  Massa- 
chusetts in  1029,  came  from  England,  but  died 
in  1030.  He  was  a  man  wealthy,  grave,  and 
pious,  whose  loss  was  deeply  felt.  —  Eliot. 

ROTCH,  AVilliam,  died  at  New  Bedford  in 
May,  1828,  aged  93. 

ROUSE,  Peter  P.,  minister  of  the  reformed 
Dutch  church  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  died  in 
1832,  aged  37. 

ROWAN,  Stephen  N.,  D.  D.,  died  in  New 
York  in  1835,  aged  49.  Born  in  Salem,  N.  Y., 
he  graduated  at  Union  college,  and  was  the  min- 
ister of  the  eighth  Presbyterian  church  in  New 
York  from  1819  to  1830.  He  was  succeeded  by 
II.  Hunter,  who  died  before  him  in  1834. 

ROWAN,  John,  died  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  July 
13,  1843,  aged  70.  He  was  bom  in  Pennsylva- 
nia. He  held  many  offices,  from  1804,  when  he 
was  secretary  of  Kentucky,  till  he  was  elected  to 
the  senate  of  the  United  States  in  1824.  His 
literary  attainments  were  great  and  his  eloquence 
persuasive  and  commanding. 

ROWLAND,  David  Sherman,  minister  of 
Plainfield  and  Windsor,  Conn.,  died  in  1794, 
aged  74.  Graduated  at  Yale  in  1743,  he  suc- 
ceeded J.  Coit  in  1748;  was  dismissed  in  1761 ; 
settled  at  Windsor,  1770,  and  dismissed  in  1789; 
and  was  succeeded  by  II.  A.  Rowland  in  1790, 
probably  his  son.  He  published  a  farewell  ser- 
mon, 1761 ;  on  the  repeal  of  the  stamp  act,  17GG; 
on  his  installation,  1776;  before  the  ministers  of 
Rhode  Island,  1772  ;  on  death  of  Rev.  li.  Bissell, 
1783. 

ROWLAND,  Henht  A.,  minister  of  Windsor, 
Conn.,  died  Nov.  28, 1835,  aged  71.  A  graduate 
of  Dartmouth  in  1785,  he  succeeded,  in  1700, 
D.  S.  Rowland,  probably  his  father.  By  his  wife 
Frances,  the  daughter  of  Moses  Bliss  of  Spring- 
field, he  had  eight  children.  Her  mother  was 
Abigail  Metcalf,  the  daughter  of  William  of  Leb- 
anon, who  married  Abigail,  daughter  of  Rev. 
Timothy  Edwards. 

ROWLAND,  William  Frederic,  minister 
of  Exeter,  N.  II.,  died  in  1843,  aged  about  80. 
Born  in  Plainfield,  Conn.,  he  graduated  at  Dart- 
mouth in  1784,  and  was  settled  in  1790.  He 
published  New  Hampshire  election  sermons, 
1790  and  1809. 

ROWLAND,  Thomas,  major,  died  at  Detroit 


ROWLANDSON. 


lU'GGLES, 


715 


in  IS-lf),  a  bravo  soldier  in  tlie  war  of  lfil2.  For  I  was  llopriRi'iI  liy  the  ])r('sl)ytovy  of  Mlssissiiipi, 
a  time  ho  eommaiulcd  the  jiost  at  Di'troit.  !  consist iiif^  of  four  mcinlx  is,  in  IHlli, and  soon  rc- 

IIOWI.AN'DSOX,  Josr.l'li,  first  minister  of  paired  to  A.,  imiiiIom  d  by  I  lie  Coiinectieut  mis- 
Lancaster,  Mass.,  died  at  Wetlierslield,  Conn.,  sionary  society,  lie  went  where  no  I'rotcstant 
Xov.  21,  1C7S,  apted  about  41.  lie  was  born  in  preacher  ever  went.  He  said:  "I  am  fond  of 
lMi;;land.  His  father,  Thomas,  came  from  Ips- ,  jjoiiif;  foremost  with  the  standard  of  Christ, 
wich  to  Lancaster,  and  died  in  1(3 J".  He  was  a  i  There  is  not  one  relip;ious  person  in  the  place." 
solitary  j^radnate  of  1052  at  Canibrid;j;e ;  was  or-  lint  he  soon  fell,  in  all  the  fervor  of  his  self-sacri- 
dained,  after  ])reacliing  some  years  in  the  place, ,  liciiif;  zeal. 

ill  KiOO,  at  Lancaster,  which  town  was  destroyed  '  lll'l)!),  Aiugaii.,  died  in  Bozrah,  Xor%vich, 
bv  the  Indians  Feb.  10,  ICTfl,  when  his  wife  and  !  Conn.,  in  IMjT,  ajjed  !)!).  Her  name  was  Allen, 
children  were  carried  away  cajjtives.  He  was  at  |  .She  was  married  in  17H(),  and  had  a  pension  for 
that  time  in  Boston.  He  next  succeeded, in  1077,  j  her  husband's  Kevolutionary  services.  She  could 
Mr.  Bulkley,  at  Wethersfield,  and  was  succeeded  !  repeat  the  whole  of  Milton's  paradise  lost,  and 
bv  J.  Woodbridgc.     His  son  Joseph  died  in  W.    much  of  the   bible.     Ketainiiifj;  her  fiiculties   to 


ill  1712;  and  hii  son  Wilson  died  in  1735.  A 
fast  sermon,  preached  Nov.  21,  1078,  was  pub- 
lished in  1082.  His  wife,  Mary,  published  an  ac- 
count of  her  captivity  :  5th  ed.,  1828. 

IIOWLEY,  Thomas,  died  at  Cold  Spring, 
AVcsthaven,  Vt.,  in  August,  1790,  aged  75.  He 
was  a  patriot  and  poet,  and  was  called  "  the 
Green  Mountain  i)atriarch."  He  was  an  early 
settler  in  Vermont,  and  an  associate  in  coiracil 
and  in  the  field,  of  Allen  and  Warner.  He  was 
a  magistrate  in  Rutland  county.  His  i)0])ular 
poetical  writings  appeared  in  various  publications. 
IIOWSON,  SusAX-NA,  died  in  Boston  in  1821, 
a"ed  02.  She  was  the  daughter  of  William 
llaswell,  a  British  naval  officer,  who  was  wrecked 
in  1709,  on  Lowell's  Island,  and  then  lived  at 
Nantasket  wiih  his  daughter.  Ho  returned  to 
England  ;  and  there  she  married  William  Rowson, 
the  leader  of  a  musical  military  band.  She  came 
to  America  with  her  husband  in  1793,  under  a 
theatrical  engagement;  and  was  for  years  use- 
fully employed  in  the  education  of  youth  in  Mcd- 
ford,  Newton,  and  Boston.  She  published  novels 
and  jjlays,  Charlotte  Temple,  etc. ;  poems,  1804  ; 
geograjihy  and  history,  1800 ;  biblical  dialogues, 
1822. —  /Jncyc.  of  Amci:  Lit. 

ROYALL,  .:Vxxr.,  a  notorious  woman  for  some 
years,  died  in  1854.  Born  in  Virginia,  she 
was  kidnapped  by  the  Indians  and  detained  fif- 
teen years ;  she  then  married  Capt.  R.,  and  lived 
in  .Vlabama.  She  established  papers  in  Wash- 
ington, I'anl  I'ry  and  the  Huntress.  From  sim- 
])le  men  she  extorted  money  by  her  personalities 
or  threats.  Siie  published  sketches,  1820;  the 
Teiinesseean,  1827;  the  black  book,  1828. 

ROYCE,  Sami  i;i,,  died  of  the  pestilence,  near 
Alexaiuliia,  on  lied  river,  Louisiana,  in  October, 
1819,  aged  28.  His  name  is  unknown  upon  the 
earth  ;  but  it  will  stand  high  in  the  roll  of  heaven, 
where  the  names  of  great  statesmen  and  con- 
querors will  not  be  found.  His  family  friends 
lived  in  Clinton,  X.  Y.  He  graduated  at  Sche- 
nectady in  1813.  Determined  to  devote  himself 
to  the  benefit  of  the  new  settlciiicnts  of  the 
south,  wliich  were  in  a  spiritual  desolation,  he 


the  last,  she  died  in  peace  and  hope. 

RUDE,  William,  died  at  Cumberland,  R.  L, 
Oct.  24,  1845,  aged  97.  He  fought  at  Bunker 
Hill  and  White  Tlains. 

RUGGLES,  Thomas,  minister  of  Guilford, 
Conn.,  succeeded  J.  Eliot  and  died  in  1728,  aged 
about  58  or  03.  Born  in  Roxbury,  Mass.,  the 
son  of  John,  a  rej)resentativc,  he  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1090,  and  wa.s  ordained  in  1095. 
One  account  says  he  was  born  in  1055,  which  is 
probably  a  mistake  for  1005,  as  it  would  render 
his  age  35  at  the  time  of  his  graduation.  His 
son  Thomas  succeeded  him  in  1729,  and  died  in 
1770,  aged  about  CO:  he  graduated  at  Yale  in 
1723. 

RUGGI-ES,  Samuel,  the  second  minister  of 
Billerica,  Mass.,  died  in  1749,  aged  08.  Born  in 
Roxbury,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1702,  and 
was  ordained  in  1708,  succeeding  S.  Whiting. 

RUGGLES,  Timothy,  minister  of  Rochester, 
Mass.,  died  in  1708,  aged  84.  Born  in  Roxbury, 
he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1707,  and  succeeded 
S.  Arnold  in  1710. 

RUGGJ,ES,  TiioMAd,  minister  of  Guilford, 
Conn.,  died  in  1770.  He  graduated  at  Yale  in 
1723;  succeeded  his  fother,  T.  R.,  in  1729 ;  and 
from  1740  was  one  of  the  fellows  of  the  college. 
He  published  the  usefulness  of  soldiers,  1736  j 
a  sermon  on  the  death  of  Dr.  J.  Eliot,  1703. 

RUGGLES,  Blxjamin,  minister  of  New  Brain- 
tree,  Mass.,  died  in  1782,  aged  82.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  in  1721;  was  ordained  at  Mid- 
dleborough  in  1724;  installed  at  N.  B.  in  1754} 
and  received  D.  Foster  as  a  colleague  in  1778. 
—  Sprcij/tif'.s  Annals. 

RUGGLES,  Tiioji.vs,  minister  of  Cheshire, 
Conn.,  died  in  1830,  aged  about  52.  Born  in 
Guilford,  he  graduated  at  Y'ale  in  1805,  and  was 
pastor  from  1809  to  1811. 

RUGGLES,  David,  Dr.,  a  colored  man,  died 
at  Northampton  Dec.  10,  1849,  aged  40.  He 
established  a  water-cure;  and  was  so  much  of  a 
bewildered  man  or  impostor,  as  to  claim  the  skill 
of  deteruiining  diseases  by  the  greater  or  less  ra- 
pidity of  perspii-ation,  ascertained  by  feeling  the 


716 


RUMP. 


RUSSELL. 


skin.  On  tho  sume  spot  on  Mill  river,  two  miles 
from  the  centre  of  the  town,  has  grown  up  the 
large  water-cure  of  Dr.  Mundc,  from  Germany. 

RUMP,  Fni'DKUlC,  a  Revolutionary  jicn- 
sioner,  died  at  Urbana,  Ohio,  Nov.  9,  1841,  aged 
106.  A  German,  he  served  in  the  American  war. 
He  was  twice  married  and  had  eighteen  children. 

RUMSEY.  Jamks,  resided  in  Uerkelcy  county, 
Va.,  and  died  in  Philadelphia.  In  1782  he  in- 
vented a  inetiiod  of  em])loying  steam  in  naviga- 
tion, for  which  he  obtained  a  patent  in  Virginia  in 
1787.  In  1784  he  published  a  treatise  on  the 
subject,  in  controversy  with  J.  Fitch,  who  claimed 
0  similar  invention.  His  method  did  not  succeed 
in  experiments  made  in  this  country  and  in  Eng- 
land. He  died  while  employed  in  describing  his 
invention. 

RUNNELS,  Harm.l\,  colonel,  died  near  Mon- 
ticello,  Miss.,  in  1841,  aged  about  90 ;  a  soldier  of 
tho  Revolution,  a  legislator  of  Georgia  and  Mis- 
sissippi. 

RUSH,  Benjamin,  M.  D.,  a  physician,  died 
April  19,  1813,  aged  07.  He  descended  from 
ancestors  who  early  emigrated  from  England  to 
Pennsylvania.  He  was  born  at  Byberry,  four- 
teen miles  northeast  of  Philadelphia,  Dec.  24, 
1745.  After  the  death  of  his  father,  his  mother 
sent  him  to  the  academy  of  his  uncle,  Dr.  Finley, 
in  Nottingham,  Maryland,  where  he  lived  eight 
years  and  became  deeply  impressed  with  moral 
and  religious  sentiments.  Having  graduated  at 
Princeton  in  17(50,  he  studied  physic  with  Red- 
man and  Shippen,  and  also  at  Edinljurgh  from 
1766  to  1708.  He  returned  to  Philadelphia  in 
1769,  and  was  elected  the  professor  of  chem- 
istry in  the  college;  in  1791  he  was  appointed 
professor  of  medicine.  In  his  practice  he  re- 
lied much  on  the  lancet  and  on  cathartic  medi- 
cines. In  the  yellow  fever  of  1793,  when  4,044 
persons  died,  he  Pucces&fuUy  resorted  to  his  favor- 
ite remedies.  Being  a  member  of  congress  in 
1776,  his  name  is  affixed  to  the  declaration  of 
independence.  In  1777  he  was  appointed  physi- 
cian-general of  the  hospital  in  the  middle  mili- 
tary department ;  in  1787  he  was  a  member  of 
the  convention  for  adopting  the  constitution  of 
the  United  States;  and  for  the  last  fourteen  years 
of  his  life  treasurer  of  the  United  States  mint. 
He  was  jjrosident  of  the  society  for  the  abolition 
of  slavery;  vice-president  of  the  Philadelphia 
bible  society ;  and  connected  also  with  many 
other  charitable  and  literary  societies.  His  short 
inquiry  into  the  effect  of  ardent  spirits  upon  the 
human  body  and  mind  was  a  most  valuable  trea- 
tise and  one  of  ihe  earliest  productions  on  the 
subject  of  temj)erance.  lie  also  wrote  against 
the  use  of  tobacco,  describing  the  effect  of  its  ha- 
bitual use  on  health,  morals,  and  property.  His 
zeal  for  the  interests  of  learning  induced  him  to 
1)6  one  of  the  founders  of  Dickinson  college  at 


Carlisle ;  he  also  eloquently  advocated  the  imi- 
versal  establishment  of  free  schools.  He  died  of 
the  i)Icurisy,  after  an  illness  of  five  days.  His 
wife  was  Julia,  the  daugiiter  of  Richard  .Stockton. 
Nine  children  survived  him.  Richard  Rush,  his 
son,  was  secretary  of  the  treasury  in  the  admin- 
istration of  John  Q.Adams.  In  1811  the  em- 
peror of  Russia  sent  him  a  gold  ring,  as  a  testi- 
mony of  respect  for  his  medical  character.  Dr. 
Rush  was  one  of  the  most  eminent  physicians 
and  most  learned  medical  writers  of  our  coun- 
try. His  writings  contain  many  expressions 
of  piety.  It  was  his  usual  practice  at  the  close 
of  each  day  to  read  to  his  collected  family  a 
chapter  in  the  bible,  and  to  address  God  in 
prayer.  His  character  is  fully  described  in 
Thacher's  medical  biography,  where  may  be  found 
a  list  of  the  subjects  of  his  various  writings.  His 
medical  works  are  in  six  volumes.  He  j)ublishcd 
also  a  volume  of  essays,  literary,  moral,  and  ])hi. 
loso])hical,  1198.  —  Thacher,  u.  29-71. 

RUSH,  Jacob,  LL.  1).,  judge,  brother  of  the 
preceding,  was  born  in  1740 ;  graduated  at 
Princeton  college  in  1705 ;  and  was  for  many 
years  president  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  for 
Philadelj)hia,  where  he  died  Jan.  5,  1820,  aged 
74.  In  the  controversy  between  Dickinson  and 
Reed,  he  was  a  writer  on  the  side  of  the  for- 
mer. He  published  his  charges  on  moral  and 
religious  subjects,  1803. 

RUSSELL,  John,  a  Wedderdop'd  shoemaker 
of  Wcburn,  after  the  result  of  the  sraod  of  1039, 
published  a  brief  narrative  concerning  the  first 
gathering  of  a  church  of  Christ  in  gospel  order 
at  Boston,  —  in  favor  of  the  anabaptists.  Hub- 
bard says :  "  Surely  he  was  not  well  aware  of  tho 
old  adage,  '  Ne  sutor  ultra  crepidam,'  or  else  he 
would  not  have  made  such  botching  work."  But 
this  witticism  proves  nothing.  Mr.  Russell  might 
have  bad  just  cause  of  complaint  of  persecution. 

RUSSELL,  Richard,  died  in  Charlestown, 
Mass.,  in  1076,  aged  64.  He  came  from  Here- 
fordshire, Eng.,  in  1640  ;  and  was  speaker  of  the 
house,  assistant,  and  treasurer  of  the  colony. 
Among  his  descendants,  of  the  fifth  generation, 
was  Judge  Chambers  Russell  of  the  su]irenie 
court,  the  son  of  Daniel,  a  graduate  of  1731, 
who  died  in  1767,  aged  53 ;  also  Thomas  Russell, 
and  Margaret,  who  married  John  Codman  and 
was  the  mother  of  Rev.  Dr.  Codman. 

RUSSELL,  John,  the  first  nunistcr  of  tlie 
Baptist  church  in  Boston,  was  settled  Julv  L'S, 
1679,  and  died  Doc.  24,  1680.  The  Russells  r,f 
Providence  descended  from  him.  He  might  have 
been  the  son  of  John,  a  freeman  of  Woburn  in 
1640,  and  a  Baptist,  who  died  in  1670. 

RUSSELL,  John,  the  first  minister  of  Wcth- 
crsfield.  Conn.,  and  of  Hadicy,  Mass.,  died  in  H. 
Dec.  10,  1692,  aged  05.  He  was  tho  son  of 
John,  who  lived  in  Cambridge  and  in  Connect!- 


RUSSELL. 


nuSSELL. 


717 


cut;  and  was  born  in  England,     llo  graduated    from  lOSS   to  1713,  a   pracitiatc  of  Harvard  in 


at  Harvard  in  H'A,').  He  was  succeeded  at  Wetii- 
ersfield  by  O.  IJulkley.  He  came  to  Hadley  in 
KwS)  i  in  Ids  house  tlic  rcf^icides,  Ciofle  and  ; 
■\Vhalley,  were  concealed  from  l(i(>4  for  fifteen  or 
sixteen  years.  His  son,  S.imuel,  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1081  j  was  ordained  at  IJraiiford, 
Conn.,  in  If*^'  i  o"'l  '^''''l  ">  1"31,  aged  71.  His 
elder  son,  Jonathan,  was  the  minister  of  IJarn- 
stablc.  It  is  sujjjiosed  tlio  remittances  to  his 
English  hoarders  enabled  the  ])Oor  country  min- 
ister to  educate  his  sons. 

EUSSELL,  Jonathan,  minister  of  Barnsta- 
ble, Mass.,  died  Feb.  21,  1711,  aged  C>o.  He 
was  the  son  of  John  11.,  first  minister  of  Weth- 
crsfield,  then  of  Hadley.  He  was  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1G7j,  and  ordained  Se])t.  19,  1083. 
His  successor,  from  1712  to  17j8,  was  Jonatlian 
11.,  his  son,  a  graduate  of  Yale  in  1708.  He  was 
a  minister  of  distinction.  Dr.  John  li.  of  Barn- 
stable, a  graduate  of  1704,  is  supposed  to  have 
been  his  son.     He  published  tlie  election  sermon, 

1701. 

RUSSELL,  NoADlAli,  minister  in  Middle- 
town,  Conn.,  died  Dec.  3,  1713,  aged  •'34.  He 
was  the  son  of  William,  who  came  from  Eng- 
land and  died  at  New  Haven  in  1004;  he  was 
graduated  at  iliirvard  in  1081 ;  was  a  schoolmas- 
ter at  Ipswich;  was  ordained  Oct.  24,  1088.  He 
was  one  of  the  twelve  who  founded  Yale  college 
in  1712,  for  which  act  he  deserves  to  be  held  in 
honorable  remembrance.  Nathaniel  Collins  was 
his  predecessor,  settled  Nov.  4,  1088 ;  and  his 
successor  was  his  son,  William  llussell,  ordained 
June  1,  1715,  died  June  1,  1701.  From  him  de- 
scended Samuel  and  E.  Augustus  Ru.ssell,  living 
in  18.54.  Rev.  Mr.  N.  R.,  by  his  wife,  Mary 
Hamlin,  had  nine  children.  Some  poetic  effu- 
sions on  his  death  were  reprinted  in  the  Sentinel 
and  Witness  of  Feb.  7,  1854,  the  longest  of 
which  was  written  by  Rev.  N.  Collins  of  Enfield, 
born  in  M.  June  13,  1077,  graduated  at  Harvard 
1097.  His  diary  is  in  N.  E.  hist,  register  for 
Jan.,  1853. 

RUSSELL,  Saiiuel,  second  minister  of  Bran- 
ford,  Conn.,  died  in  1731,  aged  70.  He  suc- 
ceeded A.  Pierson  in  1087.  The  son  of  Rev.  J. 
R.  of  Hadley,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1081. 
lie  was  first  the  minister  of  Dcerfield,  Mass. 
Ilis  wife  was  the  daughter  of  Major  John  Whit- 
ing.    Ho  publislied  election  sermon,  1099. 

RUSSELL,  Samiix,  first  minister  of  North 
Guilford,  Conn.,  died  in  1740,  aged  about  41. 
Born  in  Branford,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in 
171'-'. 

RUSSELL.  Wll.l.iAM,  forty-six  years  minister 
of  Middletown,  Conn.,  died  in  1701,  aged  about 
70.  He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1709;  was  tutor 
and  trustee;  was  ordained  in  1715  as  succes.sor 
of  his  father,  Noadiidi  Russell,  the  second  pastor 


KjSI.     He    was    ••iiccecdcd    by    I'..    Huatiiigton. 
He  ])ublislu'd  ehdion  serni()i\  173(1. 

RUSSELL.  Damki.,  first  minister  of  Stepney, 
in  Wetlurstield,  Conn.,  died  in  1V04,  aged  about 
57.  He  graduate  d  at  Yale  in  1724,  and  was  set- 
tled in  1727.  C.  Chapin  was  one  of  his  succes- 
sors. 

RUSSELL,  Wii.i.iAM,  minister  of  Windsor, 
Conn.,  died  in  177  I,  ai;cd  about  5<l.  'I'lio  son  of 
Rev.  William  of  Middletown,  he  graduated  at 
Yale  in  1745.  In  a  class  of  tweni  -seven  his 
name  stands  the  first,  when  the  names  were  ar- 
ranged according  to  family  rank.  He  was  tutor 
from  1748  to  1750.  He  was  settled  in  1751. 
1).  S.  Rowlaiul  succeeded  him. 

RUSSELL,  NoADi.vii,  minister  of  Thompson, 
in  the  parish  of  Xillingly,  Conn.,  died  in  1795, 
aged  ()5.  The  son  of  Rev.  William  R.  of  Mid- 
dletown, he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1750,  and  was 
ordained  in  1757,  and  was  ])astor  nearly  thir- 
ty-eight years.  He  and  his  ])redecessor,  Marston 
Cabot,  both  died  of  the  ajjoplcxy. 

]{USSELL,  T110.MAS,  died  in  Boston  April  8, 
1790,  aged  55.  He  was  the  son  of  James  R., 
and  a  descendant  of  Richard,  born  in  Charles- 
town  in  1740.  A  successful  and  wealthy  mer- 
chant, he  was  abundant  in  charitable  distributions 
and  good  works.  'I'he  amount  of  his  annual 
gifts  most  men  would  regard  as  a  fortune.  Of 
the  gos])el  he  was  not  ashamed,  but  made  a  public 
profession  of  his  love  to  the  Saviour  of  sinners. 
Dr.  Morse  ])ublished  a  sernnjn  on  his  death. 

RUSSELL,  Jamks,  a  councillor  of  Massachu- 
setts, was  the  descendant  of  Richard  /<.,  who 
settled  in  Charlestown  in  1040  and  was  treasurer 
of  the  colony.  He  was  born  in  C.  Aug.  IG,  1715, 
and  died  April  24,  1798,  aged  82.  He  discharged 
the  duties  of  a  judge,  and  of  other  public  oflices, 
which  he  sustained,  with  the  greatest  fidelity.  To 
the  jioor  he  was  a  steady  and  liberal  I'riencl.  He 
respected  the  institutions  of  the  gospel,  and, 
while  his  family  and  his  closet  witnessed  his  con- 
stant devotions,  his  hfe  adorned  the  religion  w  Inch 
he  jjrofessed.  In  his  last  illness  he  was  supported 
and  consoled  by  the  truths  of  the  gospel.  He 
was  the  father  of  Thomas  Russell. 

RUSSELL,  WiLMAM,  colonel,  died  in  Fay- 
ette county,  Ky.,  in  July,  1825,  aged  about  66. 
At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  entered  the  army  of 
the  Revolution  as  a  soldier,  and  rose  to  the  rank 
of  captain :  in  all  subsequent  wars  he  also  served 
about  twenty  eain])aigus. 

RUSSELL,  Jonathan,  commissioner  of  the 
United  States  at  Ghent,  died  Feb.  10,  1832,  aged 
00. 

I'USSELL,  IL,  widow,  died  in  Nantucket  in 
April,  l83(i,  aged  99,  tlie  oldest  [lerson  in  X. 

RUSSl'.LL,  liKNJAMiN,  major,  died  in  Boston 
Jan.  4,  1845,  aged  83.     A  soldier  of  the  Revolu- 


718 


RUSSWURM, 


RUTLEDGE. 


tlon,  a  practical  printer,  he  edited  for  about  forty 
years  the  Centincl,  a  Kcmi-wcelily  jmper  at  Uos- 
ton  of  j^reat  influence,  tlie  freeiuent  contributors  to 
which  were  Ames,  Lowell,  Cabot,  lIif;ginson,  and 
Pickering.  The  first  number  was  issued  March 
24, 1784.  lie  was  a  man  cheerful  and  l)encvoIcnt. 
He  knew  how  to  consult  in  his  jiajjcr  the  taste  of 
the  people.  "  The  Centincl  was  always  as  rich 
in  deaths  as  a  t'lureh-yard,  and  in  marriages  as 
prohfic  as  an  asjmragus  bed," —  "  the  gate  to  ter- 
restrial immortality  of  all  the  people  of  New 
England  who  died  during  its  continuance." 

RUSSWURM  John  Buown,  governor,  died 
in  Africa  in  V  '•'  aged  52.  lie  was  a  colored 
man,  a  gradua'o  of  Bowdoin  college  in  1820, and 
governor  of  L  )criu  by  the  appointment  of  the 
American  colo"iza! .  jii  society. 

RUST,  Ili.;,'RY,  first  minister  of  Stratham, 
N.  II.,  died  in  1749,  aged  02.  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1707,  and  was  ordained  in  1718. 

RUTER,  Martin,  D.  I).,  died  May  10,  1838, 
aged  53.  He  was  born  at  Charlestown,  Mass., 
April  3,  1785  ;  and,  with  little  education,  was 
licensed  to  ])reach.  He  studied  with  diligence 
■while  a  preacher.  He  was  president  of  Augusta 
college,  in  Kentucky,  from  1827  to  1832,  and  of 
Alleghany  college,  at  Meadville,  Pa.,  from  1831 
to  1837.  Then  he  superintended  a  mission  to 
Texas,  where  he  died. 

RUTGERS,  lIicXRT,  colonel,  a  patriot  of  the 
Revolution,  died  in  Feb.,  1830,  aired  84.  He 
fought  at  Brooklyn  heights.  The  British  occuj)ied 
his  house  as  a  hospital  and  barracks.  In  1807 
he  delivered  an  address  on  lading  the  corner 
stone  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  church  in  Orchard 
street.  He  was  a  respected,  useful  citizen  of  New 
York ;  in  his  politics  a  decided  partiisan,  but  never 
engaging  in  any  important  measure  without  mak- 
ing it  a  s])ecial  subject  of  prayer.  It  were  well 
if  politicians  would  follow  his  example ;  there 
would  then  be  likely  to  be  in  their  movements 
less  of  greedy  selfishness  and  vindictive  ])assion, 
and  more  of  disinterestedness  and  of  virtuous 
calmness.  Being  very  rich,  Col.  Rutgers  was 
abundant  in  his  charities  for  almost  all  public 
objects  and  towards  numerous  individuals.  He 
expended  for  others  an  immense  sum.  In  one 
instance  he  received  a  note,  in  which  the  writer, 
then  at  the  door,  begged  his  assistance,  intimating 
that  in  the  failure  of  it  he  should  kill  himself. 
He  conversed  with  the  young  man,  and  foiuid 
that  he  had  ruined  himself  by  gamblisig.  But 
he  cautiously  interj)osed,  and  saved  him  from  the 
meditated  crime,  and  rescued  him  from  misery ; 
and  the  same  young  man  jccame  respectable  and 
pious.  —  McMitn-a^'s  Sermon. 

RUTIIRAUFF,  J.,  minister  of  the  German 
Reformed  church,  Greencastle,  Pa.,  died  Dec.  15, 
1837,  aged  73. 
RUTLEDOE,  John,  chief  justice  of  the  United 


States,  died  i;i  July,  1800.  He  was  the  son  of 
Dr.  John  R.,  who,  with  his  brother  Andrew,  a 
lawyer,  emigrated  from  Ireland  to  Chiirlcston 
a!)()ut  1735.  Having  studied  law  at  th(;  Tcnijiio, 
he  returned  to  Charleston  in  1701,  and  sodii 
Ijrovcd  himself  an  able  lawyer  and  aecoml)li^llt•(l 
orator.  He  took  an  early  and  distingiMshed  |)nrl  in 
support  of  the  liberties  of  his  country,  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  American  Revolution.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  first  congress  in  1774.  W'lwn 
the  temjjorary  constitution  of  South  Carolina  was 
established  in  March,  1770,  he  was  a|)])ointed  the 
president  and  commander-in-chief  of  the  colonv. 
lie  continued  in  this  station  till  the  adojHion  of 
the  new  constitution  in  March,  1778,  to  which  he 
refused  to  give  his  assent.  He  was  ojijjoscd  to  it, 
l)ccause  it  annihilated  the  council,  reducing  ijio 
legislative  authority  from  three  to  two  branches, 
and  was  too  democratic  in  its  features.  In  1779 
however,  he  was  chosen  governor,  with  the  au- 
thority, in  conjunction  with  the  council,  to  do 
whatever  the  public  safety  required.  He  soon 
took  the  field  at  the  head  of  the  militia.  All  the 
energies  of  the  State  were  called  forth.  During 
the  siege  of  Charleston,  at  the  request  of  Gen.  Mn- 
coln,  he  left  the  city,  that  the  executive  authoritv 
might  be  preserved,  though  the  ca])ital  should 
foil.  Having  called  a  general  assembly  in  Janu- 
ary, 1782,  he  addressed  them  in  a  speech,  in  which 
he  de])icte(l  the  ];erfidy,  r'pine,  and  cruelty  which 
stained  the  British  arm:-..  In  1784  he  was  a 
judge  of  the  court  of  chancery ;  in  1789  a  judge 
of  the  su])reme  court  of  the  United  States ;  in 
1791  chief  justice  of  South  Carolina;  and  in  1T!)0 
chief  justice  of  the  United  States.  He  was  a 
man  of  eminent  talents,  vatriotisni,  decision,  and 
firmness.  His  son.  Gen.  John  R.,  a  distinguished 
member  of  congress,  died  at  Philadeljihia  Se|.t. 
1,  1819,  aged  53. 

RUTLEDGE,  Edward,  governor  of  South 
Carolina,  brother  of  the  ])receding,  died  Jan.  23, 
1800,  aged  50.  He  was  born  in  Charleston  in 
Nov.,  1749.  In  17C9  he  went  to  England  to 
complete  his  legal  education  at  the  Temi'le,  and 
returned  in  1773.  In  his  practice  he  would  not 
engage  in  a  cause  which  he  did  not  believe  to  be 
just.  His  powers  of  jiersuasion  were  not  eni- 
l)loyed  to  supjjort  iniquity  or  to  shield  oj)j)ressif,ii. 
Being  a  member  of  congress  Lorn  1774  to  1777, 
he  signed  the  declaration  of  indejiendence.  He 
had  much  of  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  Wash- 
ington. He  commanded  acomjianyof  the  niilliia 
in  1779,  when  the  British  were  driven  from  I'ort 
Royal  Island.  Being  taken  a  iirisoner  hi  1780, 
he  was  sent  with  others  to  St.  Augusiine  and  de- 
tained nearly  a  year.  After  he  was  exchanged 
he  resided  near  Philadel])hia  till  the  evacuation 
of  Charleston  by  the  enemy  in  Dec,  1782.  Ai'icr 
an  exile  of  almost  three  years,  he  returned  and 
resumed  his  profession.     In  1798  he  was  elected 


IIUTLKDGE. 

(Tovprnor.  In  ppvson  he  was  nhovo  tlio  niiddk- 1 
lu'i"!it,  riitlicr  corpiiloiit,  of  a  fair  complixioii, 
and  a  plcasiiif,'  couiitenaiicf.  His  constitution  I 
was  l)r()kcii  down  liy  liori'ditary  f,'<mt.  l!y  Ills 
wife,  the  dauffliter  of  Henry  Middleton,  he  had  a 
son,  Major  Henry  M.  It.  of  Tennessee,  and  a 
dau"hter.  He  had  {jreat  address  in  moderating 
those  collisions  which  often  produce  duels.  II  is  elo- 
quence was  less  vehement  than  that  of  his  hrother 
John,  hut  more  insinuatin};  and  conciliatory. 

ItUTliEDG]':,  J^DWAKI),  died  at  Savaimiih  in 
ISItL'j  he  was  ])resident  elect  of  Transylvania 
university.  He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1H17;  and 
was  professor  of  moral  philosophy  in  the  univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania. 

ilUXTOX,  Gkoiige  v.,  died  at  St.  Louis  of 
dysentery,  Sept.  2!),  1848,  a;,'ed  88;  he  was  a 
lieutenant  in  the  Britisli  army.  He  wrote  the 
series  in  Blackwood,  of  life  in  the  far  west,  and 
was  the  author  of  adventures  in  ^Mexico  and  the 
llocky  Mountains. 

IIYALLS,  Hknky,  died  at  Darien,  Georgia, 
Sept.  12,  1838,  aged  110.  A  soldier  of  tlie  Kev- 
olution,  ho  retained  his  fiicultics  to  the  last. 

KYLANH,  William,  chaplain  of  the  navy, 
died  at  Washington  Jan.,  184G,  aged  77. 

SAFFOKD,  Daniel,  died  in  Boston  Feb.  3, 
1856,  aged  C3 ;  a  deacon  of  Mt.  Vernon  church. 
He  was  for  many  years  a  successful  mechanic, 
a  gentleman  of  jirincely  beneficence,  of  remarka- 
ble courtesy,  kindness  and  cheerfulness  of  dis- 
i)osition,  and  a  devout  and  consistent  Christian. 
The  members  of  the  church  were,  at  the  time 
of  his  death,  upwards  of  seven  hundred  in  num- 
ber. 

SAGE,  Sylvf.sticr,  minister  of  Westminster, 
Vermont,  died  in  1841,  aged  74.  Born  in  Had- 
dam,  Conn.,  he  gradualed  at  Yule  in  1787,  and 
was  the  jiastor  of  Westminster  till  his  death,  ex- 
cepting that  from  1807  to  1800  he  was  colleague 
with  Mr.  Weld  ot  Braintree,  Mass.  He  pub- 
lished farewell  sermon  at  Braintree,  1809. 

SALES,  FllAXCis,  died  at  Camliridge  Feb.  10, 
18j4,  aged  82.  He  was  instructor  in  the  Span- 
ish language.  He  published  S])aiiish  grammar  ; 
colmena  lispanola,  182.3 ;  Cadalso,  1827  j  selec- 
cion  do  obrUN  maestras  dramaticas,  1828. 

SALLl'],  lloiiiniT  i)i:  la,  embarked  at  llochelle 
Julv  14,  1078,  and  reached  Quebec  in  September. 
I'loceeding  up  the  St.  Lawrence,  ho  laid  the 
foundation  of  fort  Niagara  in  the  same  year.  In 
1079  he  passed  up  the  Niagara  river,  the  falls 
of  which  he  estimated  at  six  hundred  feet!  Ho 
jjroeecdcd  to  Michillimackiiuic,  and  the  Sault  de 
St.  Marie.  He  visited  the  lake  of  the  Illinois 
and  Green  Bay,  and  built  a  fort  on  the  St.  Joseph 
of  lake  Michigan  ;  and  another,  called  Creve- 
cri'ur,  in  the  midst  of  the  tribes  of  the  Illinois. 
Ill  trafficking  with  the  Indiana   he  found  abun- 


SALTONST  vLL. 


719 


dance  of  Indian  cor').  He  sent  out  persons  to 
explore  the  .Mississippi;  and  returned  to  fort 
Fiiiiitenac  on  lake  Ontario  in  1080.  In  the  fol- 
lowing year  he  i)rosecnted  his  discoveries.  In 
Ajiril,  10s;j,  he  was  at  the  mouth  of  the  Missis- 
sipi)i.  Beturning  by  the  way  of  the  lakes  to 
(iuebec  and  I'raiiee,  he  was  again  sent  out  bv 
the  king  with  four  ships  ai.d  two  huiubed  men. 
Leaving  llochelle  in  July,  lO.Sl,  lie  ])r()eeeded  to 
the  gidf  of  Mexico.  In  I'eb.,  108,<,  he  built  a 
fort  in  the  liay  of  St.  Louis,  and  I'oniided  a  set- 
tlement ;  but  was  at  last,  in  1087  or  lOSS,  assas- 
sinated by  one  of  his  own  pinly.  An  ;iccount 
of  his  discoveries  was  ])ublis!ie(l  by  the  Chevalier 
Touti ;  an  account  is  also  in  New  York  hist,  coll., 
vol.  II. 

S.VLTI'.H,    UiciiAUi),  I).  1).,  second  minister 
of  Mansfield,  Conn.,  died  in  17.S!t,aged  O.j.    Born 
in  Boston,  the  son  of  John,  a  merchant,  he  grad- 
uated at  llarvanlat  the  age  of  sixteen.     He  then 
studied  iioth   medicine  and  theology.     In  1744 
he  succeeded  E.  Williams.     His  successors  were 
E.  Gridley,  J.  Sherman,  S.  V.  Williams..    He  had 
in  his  church  great  difficulty  on  account  of  the 
Separatists ;  of  the   members,  twenty-four  were 
excommunicated.     He  gave  by  deed   a   farm  to 
Yale  college,  worth  2000  dollars,  to  jjromote  the 
study  of  the  Hebrew  and  other  languages.     His 
wile  was  ^lary,  the  daughter  of  i;.  M'illiimis ;  but 
his  three  children  died  in  infancy.     His  second 
wife  was  a  diuighter  of  Itev.  Solomon  ^^'illiams. 
His  health  failed  him  hi  his  last  two  years.    He 
was    a  very   great  smoker  of  tobacco ;  whether 
thiit  habit  injured  his  health  is  not  known.     He 
was  a  man  of  a  dignified  and  commanding  ap- 
pearance, of  a  powerful  intellect,  and  of  power- 
ful passions,  not  always  laid  under  restraint.     In 
his  preaching  his  morning  sermon  was  usually 
doctrinal ;    in   the  afternoon   he   presented  the 
practical  bearings  of  the  subject.     He  published 
the  election  sermon,  1708.  —  Sjn-af/n&s  Annals. 
SALTONSTALI,,  Bichauu,  Sir,  one  of  the 
fathers  of  the  Massachusetts  colony,  died  in  Eng- 
land about  10o8;  and  from  him  descended  those 
of  the  name  in  New  England.     He  came  over  in 
the  Arabella  with  Governor  AViiithroj)  in   1030. 
AVilli  Mr.  riiillips  he  commenced  the  settlement 
of  Watertown ;  but,  discourag(.'d,  he  returned  to 
England  the  next  year,  leaving  two  sons  behind. 
A  lii)eral  Purilau,  he  was  through  life  a  friend  of 
the  colony  ;  he  was  also  a  iiateiitee  of  Connecti- 
cut.    His  wife  was  a  daughter  of  John  Hampden. 
SALTONSTALL,   IIkiiaud,  son  of  the  pre- 
cedhig,  died  in  l-ngliuid  in   1004,  aged  84.     lie 
settled  at  Ipswich,  and  was  an  assistant  in  1037. 
He  entered  his  protest  ag;iinst  the  introduction 
of  negro  slavery.    A  friend  of  Whalley  and  Goflb, 
he  gave  them  in  1072  fifty  ])ounds.     He  visited 
England   several  times.     His  son  Nathaniel,  a 


V20 


SALTONSTALL. 


SAMPSON. 


gu'duntc  of  1G5D,  "^ttlcd  in  Haverhill  on  nn  es- 
tate kr.own  i;.;  the  ;:  tltontitall  Bcati  and  died  in 
1707. 

SALTOXSTALl,  OfUDON,  governor  of  Con- 
necticut, died  Sojit.  'M,  1724,  nged  OH.  lie  wm 
born  in  Ilnverhill,  Mnss.,  Miirch  21,  10G(i,  nnd 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  KJ84.  His 
father  was  Col.  Natlmii,  the  son  of  Richard  of 
W'.i'^rtown,  who  was  the  son  of  Sir  Ilichard  S. 
He  was  ordained  >.;v.  25,  IGOl,  minister  of  New 
London,  where  ho  continued  for  several  ycors, 
highly  esteemed.  l\i  1707,  by  the  advice  of  the 
clergy,  \w  '.'.ns  persuaded  to  undertake  the  chief 
direction  of  the  civii  affairs  of  the  colo.iy,  and  J:o 
was  aiinually  chosen  , 'governor  till  his  d'-ath.  iio 
was  both  a  jjrofoutil  divine  and  a  ."uisummotc 
Statesman.  The  coinjiltxion  ol  tlip  Snybrool. 
platform  was  oi\  fug  to  iii-i  desire  of  lirn^'ing  the 
mode  of  church  govi  <iui.i  nt  somewhat  nearer  to 
the  Presbyterian  Ijrra.  To  o  quick  jicrcepiic-i 
and  a  srlowinj?  imagination  lo  united  coircctiu-.s 
of  judgimiii.  The  majesty  of  his  eye  and  d'- 
portmeut  w:':;  softened  by  the  features  of  benevo- 
Irnec.  As  uu  orator,  th"-  music  of  his  voice,  the 
i'orce  of  his  nrgumen!  the  beauty  of  Jiis  allusions, 
the  cat"  .f  his  tniD.si'ions,  ond  the  fulness  of  his 
di'.!:o,i  j^ave  him  u  liigh  rank.  His  temper  was 
v,uru  ,  in'.t  he  L.vl  been  taught  the  art  of  self- 
covn.-nL'id,  for  1  e  was  a  Christian.  His  widow, 
"Miiry,  the  dam^hter  of  William  Whittingham  and 
the  relict  of  Wm.  Clark,  died  in  Jan.,  1730.  She 
was  distinguished  for  her  intelligence,  wit,  wis- 
dom, niul  j)iety.  To  Harvard  college  she  be- 
qu(  allied  1000  pounds,  for  two  students  designed 
for  the  miiiistry. 

SALTOXSTALL,  Richard,  judge,  grandson 
of  Nathaniel,  died  in  Massachusetts  in  17oG,  aged 
53;  a  graduate  of  1722.  In  173G  he  was  made 
a  judge  of  the  supreme  court.  He  was  aflable 
and  j)olished,  liberal  to  the  ])oor,  and  generously 
hos])ital)le.  Ilia  third  wife  was  Slary,  daiightrr 
of  E.  Ccoke  of  Boston,  the  mother  of  Dr.  Na- 
thaniel S.  He  loft  three  sons,  and  two  daugh- 
ters, married  to  Col.  George  Watson  of  Plymouth, 
and  to  Moses  Badger,  Episcopal  minister  in  Pro- 
vidence. 

SALTONSTALL,  Nathaniel,  a  physician,  a 
descendant  of  Richard,  and  brother  of  Gur- 
dou  S.,  was  the  son  of  Richard  S.,  a  judge  of 
the  supreme  court  of  Massachusetts,  and  was 
born  at  Haverhill  Feb.  10,  174G.  He  was  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  college  in  1766,  and  died  at 
Haverhill  May  15,  1815,  aged  69.  His  maternal 
ancestor  was  Governor  Levcrett,  While  his 
brothers  were  royalists,  Dr.  S.  was  a  whig  of 
the  Revolutiin.  He  wa:s  an  intelligent,  skilful, 
humane  ])liysician,  a  friend  of  science  and  reli- 
gion, and  highly  respected  by  his  fellow  citizens. 
—  Tfiacher;  2  Hist.  Coll.  IV. 

SALTONSTALL,  LiiVERETr,  LL.  D.,  died  in 


i  'AC  n:iK  a  benefactor  of  Harvard 
Ixf'i'M-  !C;idenr-  He  published  a 
1  of  HtcVL'thill.  \  memoir  of  him 
Id  serin,  vol.  ix 

n  Clark  county, 
,n    in  Germany 


Salem  May  8,  1845,  aged  nearly  62.  The  son 
of  ])r  Nathaniel  S.  of  Haverhill,  he  graduated 
in  the  large  class  of  1802,  and  praciised  law  in 
Salem.  He  was  a  learned  and  faithful  and  hon- 
est lawyer,  a  member  of  congress,  and  connected 
with  various  hterary  and  charitable  societies. 
His  cnre  for  the  poor  was  such  that  he  stored 
his  cellar  with  reference  to  their  wants  in  the  win- 
ter. In  his  « 
college  ii.id  f  f 
histi-ricsl  kIc.; 
is  in  lii:t.  CO  ! 

SAMPL).;.».iN.Gt,iUGi:,:-o 
Ohio  "iin,  \^V\  ajjc'.  UQ-  \ 
June  J'/    173?. 

SAM!  SON,  Ezra,  died  in  >Tcv  York  in  1823, 
aared  74  Horn  in  Middleborough,  the  son  of 
I'riidi,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1773,  and  was 
ordained  it  Plymouth  in  1776,  ;is  colleague  with 
J.  Pniker.  in  the  firsi  cm  i.paign  he  was  a  chnj)- 
la'a  III  the  army  at  C'aml  ndgc.  Bcnig  dismissed 
in  179G,  iiR  rcraovfd  to  liudfon,  devoting  liim- 
fiif  lo  liferatuit  nd  pnarhing  occasionally. 
His  lest  yts''s  wete  .'.pent  with  his  sons  in  New 
Yovi;.  ]te  died  in  peace.  He  and  Dr.  Harry 
Croswell  published  the  newsj)aper,  the  Balance. 
IIo  published  a  sermon  to  soldiers,  1775  ;  beau- 
ties of  the  bible,  1802 ;  the  historical  dictionary, 
J  h04 ;  the  sham  patriot  unmasked ;  the  brief 
reraarker.  —  Sprague's  Annals. 

SAMPSON,  Dkiiouah,  several  years  a  woman 
ti'klier,  died  about  1830.  Born  in  1758  in  Pl)- 
moiith  county,  she  was  the  child  of  poor  and  un- 
hap]iy  parents.  Yet  she  made  every  effort  to 
acquire  some  education.  She  shared  the  patriotic 
feeling  of  the  Revolution.  By  keejiing  school 
she  gained  twelve  dollars,  with  which  she  jnir- 
chased  fustian,  which  she  made  into  a  suit  of 
men'i.  clothes,  and  joined  the  army  as  a  man  in 
October,  1778.  For  three  years  she  jjcrformcd 
all  the  duties  of  a  soldier  without  the  discoviry 
of  her  sex,  imder  the  name  of  Robert  Shirtlitlp. 
While  sick  of  a  fever.  Dr.  Binney  of  Philadeljiliia 
made  the  discovery.  When  she  was  recovered, 
he  sent  her  with  a  note  to  Washington,  disclos- 
ing the  fact.  Washington  said  not  a  word,  hut 
gave  her  a  discharge  and  a  sum  of  money.  As 
her  conduct  had  been  irreproachable,  she  mar- 
ried Benjamin  Gan?v  "  Sharon,  n  r"s])ottable 
farmer,  and  became  i  ..lother  of  three  children  ■ 
the  eldest  in  1805  was  aged  19.  She  claimed 
of  the  court  in  Dedham  in  1820  a  reward  for  her 
services.  Her  husband  died  in  February,  1837, 
aged  80. 

SAMPSON,  William  C,  missionary  to  Bom- 
bay, died  Dec.  22,  1835.  Born  in  Kingston, 
U.  C,  he  went  to  B.  in  1833.  His  wile  was 
Mary  L.  Barker  of  Augusta,  N.  Y. 

SAMPSON,  WiLLUM,  died  at  New  York  Dec. 
27, 1836,  aged  73.    He  was  an  eminent  counsel- 


SAMPSON. 


SANGER. 


?2l 


lor  nt  law,  a  native  of  Ireland,  lie  published  a 
report  on  n  trial  for  lil)cl,  1807  ;  speech  on  the 
trial  of  James  Chcctham,  ISIO;  trial  of  journey- 
jnen  cordwniners  ;  is  a  whale  a  iish  ?  heiiij?  a  re- 
port, etc.,  IHU);  discourse  before  the  New  York 
historical  socioty,  18:;4. 

SAMl'SON,  FiiAXCis  S.,  D.  1).,  died  licforc 
18J0  ;  he  was  many  years  a  teacher  of  the  old 
school  theological  seminary  in  Virginia,  and  had 
reputation  as  a  scholar.  His  critical  commentary 
on  the  epistle  to  the  Hebrews  was  published,  ed- 
ited by  i)r.  Dnbney,  in  18,j(). 

SASiSON,  Danikl,  died  in  Barrc,  N.  Y.,  May 
28,  1842,  aged  83.  He  was  a  soldier  of  the  dev- 
olution, and  for  fifty-seven  years  a  professor  of 
relli'ion  and  eminent  Christian,  of  rare  humility, 
simplicity,  and  benevolence.  Before  he  removed 
to  15.  he  lived  in  Cornwall,  Vt. 

S.VNDEMAN,  lloiiKirr,  the  founder  of  the 
sect  of  Sandemanians,  died  at  ])anbury,  Conn., 
Ajjvil -.  1771,  aged  53.  He  was  born  at  I'ertli 
in  .Scotland,  and  educated  at  St.  .\ndrews.  Hav- 
iu"  married  a  dauglitcr  of  Mr.  Glass,  he  became 
one  of  his  I'oUowers.  He  re])resenled  faith  as 
tiie  mere  operation  of  intellect,  and  niaintahied 


S.WDKUSOX,  Ai.VAN,  minister  of  As'.lii  Id, 
Mass.,  died  in  1817,  aged  'M  Horn  in  Wliately, 
he  graduated  at  AViiliams  college  in  ISO'J.  After 
a  mission  in  Maine,  he  was  settled  in  .\.,  the  suc- 
cessor of  Nehemiah  I'orter.  Hciiig  dismissed  in 
ill  health  in  1814,  lie  estal)lisluil  a  gramniur 
school.  He  was  a  faitlil'ul  ininistcr,  gentle,  totu'- 
teous,  an  exam])lc  of  Christian  goodness.  H.iving 
none  in  his  house  to  |)rovide  for,  he  lieiiucailu'd 
400  ilol.'iirs  to  his  religious  society,  olK)  dollars 
for  missions,  and  luOO  or  '2iM)  dollars  to  his 
school. 

S.\XnEllS()N.  John,  died  at  IMiiladclphln  In 
1844,  aged  01.  He  was  the  auliior  of  the  iiiog- 
raphy  of  the  signers  of  the  decl:iration  of  inde- 
))endenee,  in  several  volumes,  and  also  of  tho 
American  in  I'aris,  and  sketches  of  Paris. —  ('yd. 
of  A  III  n\  IJt. 

'  SAXDFOKI),  I'liTi-.u]'..  1).  1)..  a  Methodist 
minister,  died  at  Tarrytowii,  N.  Y..  .Fan.  14.  18,j7, 
aged  7G.  He  for  sometime  laliored  in  the  city 
of  New  York,  and  was  highly  esteemed. 

SANDS,  ]t()i!i;uT  ('.,  diedat  New  York  Hee. 
10,  1832,  aged  .'J.'J.  A  graduate  of  Columl)ia 
colleije  ill  INl.j  ;  lie  was  a  nuiii  of  trenius  and  an 


that  men  were  justilied  without  holiness,  merely  |  elegant  writer.  He  was  one  of  the  editors  of  the 
on  speculative  belief  This  faitli,  however,  he  Commercial  .\dvertiscr.  Heiiublislicd  Yamoulen, 
contended  would  always,  wherever  it  existed,  a  poem,  written  princijially  by  liim;  notice  of 
produce  the  Christian  virtues  ;  so  that  his  system  i  Cortes  ;  life  of  Paul  Jones. — ( 'tjclopeil'ui  of  Ante r- 
cannot  be  charged  with  opening  a  door  to  Keen-  j  icuii  Li/i  I'lliire. 

tiouiness.  In  1702  he  went  to  London  and  es- 1  SAXFORl),  David.  niiiiisterofMedway. Mass., 
tabiished  a  congregation.  He  came  to  America  died  in  1810,  aged  73.  Horn  in  Milford.  Conn., 
in  October,  1704,  and  from  Boston  he  went  to  his  fother.ai.  admirer  of  tlie  character  and  preacii- 
Daiibury.  In  that  town  he  gathered  a  church  ing  of  David  Brainerd.  gave  his  .son  tlie  name  of 
ill  Jiilv,  1703.  He  published  an  answer  to  Her-  David.  He  graduated  at  Yale  in  17.k");  lived 
ve\'s  Tiiei'on  iiiid  Aspasio,  in  2  vols.,  8vo.,  17o7.  '  some  years  in  (iroat  iiarringtoii  under  the  teach- 
'fliis  work  is  ingenious,  tluuigli  it  exhibits  agreat  !  ing  of  Dr.  Hopkins ;  and  was  settled  in  1773,  so 
deal  of  asperity.  Mr.  Hervey  himself  acknow-  that  he  was  in  the  ministry  about  thirty-seven 
ledged  that  the  author  had  |)oiiited  out  some  years,  .\mong  his  people  were  extensive  reviv- 
errors  in  his  vvrithigs,  and  had  the  most  exalted  .  als  iu  1784  and  178,5.  'I'he  sermon  at  his  fu- 
views  of  Divine  grace.  i  neral  was  ])reaclied  by  Dr.  iMumons,  and  is  in  his 

S.VNDERS,  DaxiK!,  Ci.ARK,  president  ofVer-  wcnks,  vol.  i.,  p.  330.  'I'lierewas  iirobably  much 
mont  university,  died  suddenly  in  Medfield  in  of  bluntness  and  straigiit-forwardness  in  his 
IH.JO,  aged  82.  liorn  in  Sturbridge,  he  gradu-  i)reaehinf:, .  Mr.  Bellamy  and  he  married  sisters, 
ated  ai  Cambridge  in  1788 ;  was  ordained  at  Ver-  ,  \n  anecdotis  as  to  the  dltlereiice  iietween  his  and 
gcniies  iu  1794;  and  chosen  pre.sident  of  the  !  Bellamy  \  iireaching.  may  i)e  found  under  tlic 
university  of  Vermont  in  1801.  He  resigned  in  name  of  Bellamy.  He  pul)lislied  a  dissertation 
IS i;i,  during  the  war,  and  was  installed  at  Med-  on  the  law  to  Adam  ;  also  on  the  scene  in  the 
iickl  ill  IMS,  and  dismissed  mi  182i).  For  iil'tv  garden,  1810.  —  Sj)rii'/iii''.f  AiiikiIs. 
yeaft  he  kept  a  meteorological  journal.  He  ])ub- j  S.VXFOKD,  Xatuan,  died  on  Long  Island 
lishotl  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  M.  Uussell,  1805;  I  O>tobei\  1N38.     He  was  a  senator  of  the  United 


a  history  of  the  Indians,  1812. 

sANi)EUS,  Musks  C.,  died  iw  Peru,  Ohio, 
May  IS,  1850,  aged  CO.  A  native  of  Massachu- 
setts, he  removed  to  Ohio  in  1818,  and  was  an 
eminent  physician  and  surgeon.  He  was  for 
)ears  an  lulidel.  but  in  1837  he  became  a  Chris- 
tian. Practising  ])hysic  in  a  new  country,  some- 
times he  was  guided  to  his  patients  through 
pathless  forests  by  a  pocket  compass. 


Slates  from  1815  to  1821,  and  from  1825  to 
1830.  and  chancellor  of  New  Y'ork  two  years. 

SANFOUl),  Jdsiu  A.  died  in  Duidiii,  N.  IL, 
Dec.  12,  1S,')(),  aged  103  years  and  8  months. 
He  had  a  strong  frame,  took  much  exercise,  and 
was  temjieratc  in  all  things. 

SAN(il",U,  Zi;i)i:kiaii,  minister  in  South 
Bridgewater,  died  Nov.  17.  1820,  aged  72.  Born 
in   Sherborn   iu  1748,  he  was  a  descendant  of 


722 


SAUGEiVNT. 


SAWYER. 


Itk'hnrd  S.,  n  lilncksmitli,  who  rcmovod  from  Sud- 
Imry  to  WutcrtiiHii,  niul  died  in  l(i!M  ;  whose  koii 
Itichard,  born  in  KidT,  niarrifd  Eli/iiljt'tli  Morse; 
and  his  son  Jti('liard,l)orn  ITOli,  iniirriod  Dulioruli 
llidcr,  nnd  died  17M(i,  his  eij^lilii  child  lieing 
Zedukiuli.  Mr.S.  j,'radiiiiied  at  Harvard  in  1771, 
nnd  was  ordained  at  Diixhury  Jnly  ■'!,  1770,  and 
dismissed  in  1780.  lie  was  selilcd  at  l{ridf,'e- 
water  JJec.  17,  17'S8,  as  collea^fiie  of  .John  Shaw. 
His  wife  was  Irene  Freeman.  His  cliildren  were 
Kicliard,  born  1778;  Josejjh,  in  17H1  ;  CaroHne, 
17HU,  married  Uev.  Samuel  Clark;  Zedekiali, 
in  1784)  Samuel  I''.;  Jtev.  Italpli,  graduated  in 
1808,  married  Charlotte  ]<liiij,'man,  settled  at  Do- 
ver; and  several  daughters,  ile  was  u  scholar 
and  learned  divine.  Young  men  lie  jirepared 
for  college,  and  he  had  students  in  divinity.  His 
llltcessor  at  Duxbury  was  J)r.  J.Allyn. 

SAllCil';ANT,  XATitAMi;i,  I'lasm;!:,  chief  Jus- 
tice of  the  supreme  court  of  Massachusetts,  died 
at  Haverhill  in  Octoljer,  1791,  aged  00.  'i"he  son 
of  t'liristojilier  S.  of  .Melhui  ii,  he  graduated  at 
Harvard  college  in  1700.  In  1770  hu  was  a]j- 
pointcd.  a  judge  of  the  superior  court,  and  cliief 
justice  in  December,  1780. 

S.\llGKN"r,  .loil.v,  colonel,  was  the  first  child 
born  in  Vermont.  The  time  of  hin  death  has 
not  been  aseertiiined ;  but  his  widow  died  at 
Brattleboro  in  July,  1822,  aged  87. 

SAIM'I,  Signor,  died  in  Jioston  Sej)!,,  IS.'jO  ; 
manufacturer  of  line  anatomical  figures  in  wax. 
He  was  a  native  of  Florence. 

S.VTTJ'IKM'',!'",  A.  Jl.,  Jlaptist  missionary  to 
Akyab,  Arrican,  died  July  1,  I8,j0,  of  cholera. 
A  graduate  of  IJrown,  he  liad  been  in  service  but 
a  few  years,  and  was  highly  rcsjjccted. 

SAUI5EKT,  Xaviku,  Dr.,  died  Jan.  20, 1830; 
called  the  lire  king.  In  making  experiments  with 
phosphoric  ether,  or  prussie  acid,  it  exploded  and 
killed  him, 

SAUXDEUS,  riiixci;,  a  colored  man,  attor- 
ney-general of  Hayti,  was  born  at  Thctford,  Vt. 
He  was  well  educated.  About  1800  lie  taught  a 
free  colored  school  in  Colchester,  Conn.,  and  af- 
terwards in  Boston.  Going  to  Hayti,  Christoj)he 
employed  him  to  imjirove  the  state  of  education 
in  his  domini(ms,  for  which  purpose  he  was  sent 
to  England.  His  Christian  name.  Prince,  being 
mistaken  for  his  just  title  of  dignity,  he  was 
conversant  with  the  nobility.  Ileturning  from 
Ilayti  to  this  country,  he  studied  divinity  and 
preached  at  I'hiladelphia.  Hut  he  went  again 
to  Hayti,  where  he  died,  as  attorney-general,  In 
February,  1830.  He  published  several  tracts, 
one  concerning  Ilayti. 

S.VUSAMAX,  John,  was  the  son  of  an  Indian 
convert.  He  was  cunning  and  plausible,  well 
skilled  in  the  English  language,  and  cmj)loyed 
as  a  scLooI-iu  abler  at  Natick.    Upon  some  misde- 


meanor ho  left  the  English,  and  became  Recretnry 
of  King  I'hilip  in  1072.  He  was  ])revaile(l  upon 
by  the  sohcitations  of  Mr.  lOliot  to  return  to  Xa- 
tick ;  lie  was  ba])tized,  and  l)ecaine  an  Indian 
preacher,  well  gifted.  He  discovered  a  plot 
r.gttinst  tl'.c  English,  and  communicated  it  to 
Gov.  WinsldW.  Xot  long  afterwards  he  was 
murdered  l)y  three  of  Philip's  men.  nnd  his  body 
was  put  under  the  ice  in  Assawampset  pond. 
His  murderers  were  seized  and  executed  at  I'lv- 
mouth  in  107o. 

S.W.VOl';,  Thomas,  major,  tlie  ancestcn-  of  the 
families  of  Savages  in  Xew  F'.ngland,  died  l^'eb.  M^ 
1082,  aged  71.  He  came  over  from  I'.ugland  ns 
early  as  K;  ;"),  and  was  rejireseutative  of  Boston, 
Hingliam,  and  .Vndover,  and  sj)eaker  of  the  house. 
He  commanded  the  troops  in  the  early  ])«rt  of 
l'hili|)'s  war  in  1075.  He  married  I'aiih,  tlio 
daughter  of  William  and  llie  celebrated  Ann 
Hutchinson;  and  from  them  (lesccnded  James 
Savage  of  Boston,  the  learned  anli(piarian,  who 
si  ill  lives  in  a  good  old  age.  The  generations 
and  fimiilies  are  as  follows :  1.  ]Major  Thomas 
Savage  and  Faith  llnnlingtoii ;  2.  Lieul.-Colonel 
Abijah  Savage  and  Hannah  Tyng;  .'i.  I.ieut.- 
C(d(jnel  Thomas  Savage  and  Elizabeth  Seottow; 
■1.  I, ieul. -Colonel  Habijah  Savage,  who  died  in 
17-10,  aged  71 ;  6.  the  father  of  Mr.  S.,  whose 
name  does  not  occur;  0.  James  Savage  of  Bos- 
ton, born  in  1781.  If  he  bears  no  military  title, 
yet  he  knows  how  to  wield  the  pen  instead  of 
the  sword. 

SAV.\GE,  EdwaiU),  a  ])aintcr,  died  at  rrinco- 
lon,  Mass.,  in  1817,  aged  50.  lie  was  l)orn  at 
r.  in  1701.  He  was  at  first  a  goldsmith.  After 
studying  for  a  while  uiuler  West  in  I/Oiidoii,  lie 
repiiired  to  Italy.  Before  he  wcjit  abroad  ho 
painted  the  W'ashiiiglon  "amily,  and,  fiiidini,'  no 
engraver,  engraved  the  jiieture  himself.  Of  this 
print,  it  is  said  that  he  sold  nine  tlipusand  copies 
at  nine  dollars  each.  lie  was  a  man  of  good 
talents;  but  his  attention  was  too  much  divided 
amoi\ ,  diH'erent  pursuits  to  allow  of  his  attain- 
ing the  highest  eminence  as  a  jiainter.  He  com- 
menced a  museum  in  Xew  York,  and  brought  it 
to  Boston  ;  where  it  became  a  jiart  of  the  old 
New  England  museum.  — Kiuipj/n  Levi. 

SAVAGE,  Maiiy,  died  at  Woolwich,  Muiac, 
in  1825,  aged  102. 

SAVAGE,  Samuel,  M.  D.,  an  eminent  ])hy- 
sieian  of  Barnstable,  Mass.,  died  in  1831,  aged 
83.    He  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1700. 

SAV.VGE,  Sakah,  Miss,  died  at  Salem,  Mass., 
in  1837,  aged  52,  a  lady  worthy  and  refined.  .She 
wrote  factory  girl,  and  other  works. 

SAWY'EU,  MiCAJAii,  M.  D.,  a  jilivsician,  the 
son  of  a  physician,  was  born  at  Xewbury,  Mass., 
July  15,  1737;  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
175C;    and,   after  practising   physic   more  than 


SAWYER. 

fiffv  vonr'<  in  Nrnl)ury])()rt,  diod  Sopt.  20,  1813, 
(,.ri.(,  7,.  lie  was  nil  cniinciil  jiliysifuiii  and  a 
ma-  of  ]>iin'  morals  niid 


nliH:ioii.  —  T/iiir/in: 
S.V'VYKll,  KMZAiilTll.dlid  ill  llnlion,  Mns.s., 
ill  INl.j,  a;i;i'(l   IOj,  rL'taiiiiiif;  lii'i-  l;iciillios  to  tiiu 
Inst.     IKt  dcscciidaiits  wcro  tiiici'  or  lour  liuii- 
driMJ. 

SAXTOX,  or  S1',XT()N,  CJit.rs,  ministir  of 
Scituatf,  Mass.,  as  early  us  l(i;j().  Ilccaini,'  from  |  Wood 
York.-liire.  He  was  admit  led  fret  man  in  Kill!,  j  lars. 
It  is  said  ho  retiirncd  to  England,  'ind  that  on 
the  vova^je  he  cried  out,  in  a  perilous  hour,  "  (), 
who  is  now  for  heaven  '.'  Who  is  hound  for 
heaven." — FcII'k  Hint.  Xcw  Kinj. 

.S.\Y.  Thomas,  died  Oct.  10,  l.S.'Jl,  a-jed  10,  at 
Jsew  Harmony,  Ind.  He  was  a  merchant.  He 
madeahundant  coiitrihutioiis  to  science.  His  writ- 
in"son  insects,  on  frosh-water  and  land-shells,  on 
univalves,  etc.,  are  in  the  American  philosophical 


SCHUYLER. 

school  from  forty  to  six   hiimlred  seholi.rs, 
wife  was  a  dauKhtrr  of  Sheldon  Martin. 
SCIIXKIDKU,  Mrs.,  wife  of  Kev.  11.  S. 


728 

Hix 
mill- 


died  Sej)!.  L'H,  1S,')(1,  at 


sionary  to  the  Armenians, 
.Miilal),  a;.""'   IT. 

SCllOl.i.i',  ('.\T!ir,uiNi:,  Mrs.,  died  in  Selotn, 

Ohio,    July  .),    iH.j,),   (if  ueuralHia !  the    larj;est 

woman   in   the  world,  who  was  exhiliile.l   liy  Col. 

He  had  her  life  insured  for  i;."),(l(l(l  dol- 


SClIOOI.CltAIT.  T.AWlil.M r,  colonel,  died 
at  \'(  rona,  .\.  Y.,  June  7,  ISIO,  a;i;ed  SO;  u  sol- 
dier of  the  Hevoliilion,  a  man  niiieh  resjiected. 

SCIIOONMAKr.K.  J.Mdli,  1).  1).,  died  at  Ja- 
maica, I,.  I.,  in  lN,j(i,  aged  74.  His  father  wa.s 
minister  at  AiiiaKUanoek  over  forty  years  ;  liis 
grandfather  was  the  first  niiuistcr  at  Jamaica. 
Dr.  S.  was  jiastor  hoth  of  Newtown  and  Jamaica 
till    I  HI!).     The  old   dominie   jneached  his  fare- 


transaclioiiR.     He  piihlished  American  eiitomol-    well  discourse  in  IH.'iO,  assisted  hy  his  friend,  Hr. 


Qirv,  .'J  vols.,  1H21  nnd  181i.S  ;  explanation  of  terms, 
18L'j.  —  Cijd.  of  Avici:  Lit. 

SCAMMELL,  Ai.i:xA.M)i;n,  colonel,  a  soldier 
of  the  Revolution,  died  Oct.  (i,  17H1,  aged  ahoiit 
3,'J,  He  was  horn  in  Mendon,  now  Milford,  Mass., 
and  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1701).  He 
studied  law  with  Cieii.  Sullivan  ;  assisted  Capt. 
Jlolland  in  surveys  for  his  map  of  New  Hamp- 
shire; and  in  177;>  was  appointed  hrlgade-major, 
nnd  in  1770  colonel.  In  the  liattle  of  Saratoga 
ill  1777  ho  was  wounded.  Ahout  1780  ho  was 
adjutant-general  of  the  American  armies,  and 
deservedly  popular.  At  the  siege  of  Yorktown, 
heing  olliccr  of  the  day,  Sejit.  30,  1781,  while  rc- 
connoitering  he  was  surprised  hy  n  party  of  the 
enemy's  horse,  and  after  being  taken  prisoner 
was  inhumanly  wounded.  Ueing  conveyed  to 
Williamsburg,  he  died  of  liis  wound.  General 
lirooks  and  General  Dearborn  each  named  a  son 
after  tlunr  friend. 

SCAMMELL,  John,  Dr.,  died  at  Bellingham 
March  9,  18-Ij,  aged  8,1.  His  father  and  grand- 
father were  physicians  before  him.  He  served  a 
short  time  in  the  Revolutionary  war. 

SCIIAEFFER,  F.  G.,  D.  D.,  died  in  Phila- 
delphia in  ^larch,  1831,  aged  38;  pastor  in  the 
Lutheran  church,  professor  of  German  in  Colum- 
bian college. 

SCIIAEFFER,  Fiicdkric  D.vvid,  D.  D.,  died 
nt  Frederic,  Md.,  Jan.  27,  1830,  aged  77.  He 
had  been  pastor  of  a  German  Lutheran  church 
in  Philadelphia ;  and  was  n  man  of  learning, 
skilled  in  languages ;  a  native  of  Germany. 

SCIIERMERHORN,  II.  O.,  died  at  Utica 
Sept.  22,  1804,  aged  36.  He  was  seized  will  Lis 
last  sickness  on  his  return  to  New  Y'ork  from 
a  wedding  tour  to  Niagara.  A  distinguished 
scholar,  he  settled  as  a  minister  first  at  Ticonde- 
roga,  then  in  New  York  city.  His  labors  were 
great  and  incessant.    He  increased  a  Sabbath- 


IJrodhead.  at  the  Lord's  Sii])])er. 

SCIIOOP,  John,  a  Mohican  Indian,  died  at 
Uethlehem  in  1710;  a  convert,  baptized  in  1742. 

SCHCREMAN.  John,  D.  I).,  professor  in 
the  theological  college  of  New  lirunswick,  N.  J., 
died  in  1818,  aged  30.  He  had  been  a  minister 
of  the  Dutch  church  in  the  city  of  New  York. 

SCHUYLER,  ]'i;Ti,n,  maydr  of  the  city  of 
.Vlbaiiy,  was  much  distinguished  for  his  jiatriot- 
ism,  nnd  for  the  influence  which  he  possessed 
over  the  Indians.  In  the  year  1091  he  headed  a 
jiarty  of  three  hundred  Mohawks,  and  with  about 
the  same  number  of  F.nglish,  made  a  hold  attack 
ujion  the  F'rench  settlements  at  the  north  end  of 
lake  Champlain.  He  .slew  three  hundred  of  the 
enemy.  Such  was  the  authority  of  Col.  Sclinyler 
with  the  five  nations,  that  whatever  Quider  (for 
so  they  called  him,  as  they  could  not  jironouncc 
Peter)  recommended,  had  the  force  of  law.  In 
1710  he  went  to  England  at  his  own  expense, 
taking  with  him  five  Indian  chiefs,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  exciting  the  government  to  vigorous 
mcasui.  against  the  French  hi  Canada.  The 
chief  command  in  New  York  devolved  ujion  him 
as  the  eldest  member  of  the  council  in  1719; 
but  in  the  following  year  Governor  Unmet  arrived. 
He  often  warned  the  New  England  colonies  of 
cx))editions  meditated  against  them  by  tlie  French 
and  Indians. —  SmHh's  Keic  I  oi7i,  00-102. 

SCHUYLER,  Piiii.ii',  a  major-general  in  the 
Revolutionary  war,  died  at  .\lbany  Nov.  18, 1804, 
aged  72.  He  received  his  appohitment  from 
congress,  June  19,  1770.  He  was  directed  ir. 
j)rocecd  from  New  Y'ork  to  Ticonderoga,  to  se- 
cure the  lakes,  and  to  make  jircparations  for 
entering  Canada.  Rehtg  taken  sick  in  Septem- 
ber, the  command  devolved  on  Montgomery.  On 
his  recovery  he  devoted  himself  zealously  to  the 
management  of  the  affairs  in  the  northern  de- 
partment.   The  superintendence  of  the  Lidiau 


724 


KCHWI'IMTZ. 


SCl'DDF.Il. 


concprnn  cluimi'd  much  of  Iun  altenlioii.  On  tin' 
approiicli  of  KiifKoMic  in  1777,  lie  nmdi'  every 
exertion  to  olistruel  liis  progress  i  Imt,  thceviieii- 
ntion  oi'  'I 'ieon(lero(,';i  liy  St.  Clair  occaNioning 
unreiiKonuhle  jealousies  in  re^furd  to  Sehiiyler  in 
New  llii^iland,  he  was  in  Aii;,'iisl  superseded  liy 
V  ites,  and  eoMf,'res»  direeled  an  iM(|iiiry  to  lie 
made  into  his  eondiiet.  It  was  a  mailer  of  ex- 
treme cha^-rin  to  him  to  he  reealli'd  at  the  mo- 
ment when  he  was  ahoiit  to  face  the  enemy.  He 
afterwards,  thoufjh  not  in  the  regular  service, 
rendered  imjiortant  services  to  his  country  in  tlie 
military  transuelions  of  New  York.  He  was  a 
memher  of  the  old  con^jress,  and  when  tlhc  ])res- 
cnt  ffovcrnment  of  the  United  States  commenced 
itH  o])erations  in  17H!»,  he  was  appointed  with 
lluftis  Kin;.?  ii  senator  from  his  native  State.  In 
17i)7  he  was  ajjain  appointed  a  senator  in  the 
place  of  Aaron  JJurr.  His  daujjiiter  married 
Gen.  Hamilton.  Another  (hiu<;hter  married  John 
U.  Church,  an  J'',nf(lishmaii,  contractor  for  the 
French  army  in  tlu^  Jlevohilionary  war,  and  after- 
wards memher  of  parliament,  who  died  Ajjril, 
1818;  she  died  in  1811.  ])istinf;ui.shed  l)y 
strength  of  intellect  and  upright  intentions,  lie 
was  wise  in  the  contrivance,  and  enterprising  and 
persevering  in  the  e.\ecutioii  of  i)lans  of  puhlic 
utility.  In  private  life  he  was  dignified,  but  cour- 
teous, a  plea.sing  and  instructive  companion,  af- 
fectionate in  his  domestic  relations,  and  just  in 
all  his  dealings.  — JA/rs/(a//,  II.  237,  301-300; 
III.  3,  4,  22G-L'.J8,  273  ;  IV.  449. 

SCIIWEINITZ,  Lons  David  de,  died  at  Deth- 
lehem.  Pa.,  Fel).  8,  1834,  aged  52.  He  was  a 
minister  among  the  Moravians,  their  second  head; 
and  was  the  author  of  several  valuable  works  on 
botany. 

SCOBY,  Wij.Ll.VM,  one  of  the  first  planters 
of  Londonderry,  N.  II.,  died  in  that  town  at  the 
age  of  104.  lie  came  over  from  Ireland  witli 
Mr.  Macgregore.  These  planters  lived  on  an  av- 
erage to  eighty  years,  some  to  ninety,  and  others 
to  one  hundred. 

SCOTT,  CiiAUMCs,  hrigadiei-gencral,  governor 
of  Kentucky,  died  Oct.  22.  1807,  aged  74.  lie 
was  a  Virginia  soldier  of  the  Ilevolution.  His 
commission  of  brigadier  is  dated  April  2,  1777. 
He  was  governor  from  1808  to  1812,  when  ho 
w^as  succeeded  by  Shelby. 

SCOTT,  JoxATiLVN,  minister  of  Minot,  Me., 
died  in  1819,  aged  7o.  He  was  installed  in  1796. 
His  successor  was  Elijah  Jones,  whose  labors 
were  very  successful.  He  was  first  a  minister  in 
Yarmouth,  Nova  Scotia ;  then  in  Poland,  Me. ; 
and  about  twenty-three  years  in  Minot.  lie  pub- 
lislied  a  sermon  on  death  of  S.  Foxcroft ;  before 
missionary  society ,  1808.  —  Spnujuts  Annals. 

SCOTT,  JoHX,  a  lawyer  and  judge,  died  in 
Virginia  in  18.50,  aged  08. 


SCOTT,  l)AMi:i.,  died  at  Philadelphia  June  20, 
IH.jd  i  many  years  pastor  of  the  colored  church. 

SCOTTOW,  JoMll  A,  ea|itiiin,  died  in  Itoston 
in  l(i!)N,  aged  al)onl  8(1.  His  daughter,  I'.iizahetli, 
married  Colonel  'I'hoinas  Savage,  an  ancestor  of 
tlu'  learned  anti(piarian,  Jiimes  Savage,  who  will 
soon,  it  is  said,  tell  the  New  Fngliiiid  people 
more  than  any  one  else  can  tell  them  of  tlu'ir 
ancestors.  He  pui)lished  a  narrative  of  |)laiiliiig 
of  .Massiichiisetts  colony,  etc.,  lOOl  j  old  men's 
tears  lor  their  own  declensions,  lliOI. 

SCIUA'F.X,  Wii.MAM,  died  at  Georgetown, 
S.  C.,  in  1713,  aged  84.  A  native  of  Fngland, 
born  in  l(i29,  he  came  to  Massadnisetts,  wlienee 
as  an  unwelcome  Uaptist  miiiiste.-  he  removed  to 
I'iscataway,  where  he  married  a  Miss  Cutis. 
Thence  he  went  to  Cooi)er's  river,  S.  C,  in  Kis.'j, 
and  formed  a  church.  His  successors,  Ila])tist 
ministers  at  Charh'ston,  were  Fry,  White,  Tilly 
Simons,  Clmnler, Uedgewood.IIart,  dowii  to  \'m. 
The  late  Col.  Thomas  Screven  and  Uev.  Charles 
O.  Screven  were  liis  descendants.  He  ])uhlished 
ornament  for  church  members.  — lliimaay. 

SCUKVEN,  TiK).MAS,  brigadier-general,  died 
in  1778.  He  was  a  descendant  of  A\'illiam  S. 
He  commanded  the  mihtia  when  Georgia  was  in- 
vaded by  East  Florida  in  Nov.,  1778.  While  a 
party  of  the  enemy  was  marching  iiom  Sunhuvy 
towards  Savannah,  lie  liad  repeated  skirmishes 
with  them  at  the  liead  of  a  hundred  militia.  In 
an  engagement  at  Midway,  the  place  of  his  rcsi- 
dcnce,  he  was  wounded  by  a  musket  ball,  and 
fell  i'rom  his  horse.  Several  of  the  Uritish  im- 
mediately came  up,  and,  upbraiding  him  with  the 
manner  in  which  a  Caj)tain  Moore  had  been 
killed,  discharged  their  pieces  at  him.  He  died 
soon  after  of  his  wounds.  Few  officers  had  done 
more  for  their  country,  and  few  men  were  more 
esteemed  and  beloved  for  tlieir  virtues  in  private 
life. 

SCREVEN,  Charles  Odingsells,  D.  ]).,  died 
at  New  York  July  2,  1830,  aged  57.  He  was  of 
Sunbury,  Georgia.  Born  at  Midway,  Liberty 
county,  at  the  age  of  thirteen  he  was  baptized  by 
Dr.  Furman  of  Charleston  ;  graduated  at  Provi- 
dence in  1795  i  and  l)ecame  the  minister  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Sunbury  in  1803.  He  was  a 
faithful  and  successful  minister. 

SCUDDER,  John,  died  at  Now  York  in  1821 ; 
proprietor  of  the  American  museum. 

SCUDDER,  John,  M.  D.,  missionary  in  Ma- 
dras, died  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  at  Wynherg, 
Jan.  13,  1805,  of  apoplexy,  aged  01.  His  ven- 
erable mother,  Mary,  aged  more  than  80,  survived 
him.  He  was  born  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. ; 
but  his  parents  removed  to  Freehold,  where  he 
■was  brought  up.  He  was  graduated  in  IKl  1,  and 
went  to  Tilllpally  in  Dec.,  1819,  as  a  missionary 
physician,  but  was  soon  ordained.     For  sixteen 


SCLDDKU, 

year*  ho  liiljurril  at  the  dlatinn  of  I'nM(lt<tcri|io  in  ' 
'(■(nlni.     In    iH.'Jti    lie    niiil    Mr.    \\|]i>1uh-    Nwrc 
traiis|)laiitt'il  In  t!u"  I'ilx  of  Mailriis,  whirr  it  w,i» 
i)uri)o.'«il  to  UK'        ri'll;;ioii.s  |)rc»H  in  tlu'  'rmniil 
laiij^uii^'i'-     Frill.       "iVi  to   1MI7  ho  wiw  in  liif 
riiltcd  Shitrs,  pr'ini')tinj{  ihi'  cau^c  of  niU".iiins 
hv  vUiiiiij?   iIk'  iliiir(  hcs,  cvcrywlicrc  most  im- 
pri'SNJvi'ly  iiiiiirrs^iii^f  llic  clillclicn.      )|c  wii-.  cilu- 
catcil   ill    llii'    I'liuii   Jtcruriucd  ( liuii  h,  of  whicli 
hi'wasJJii'  lirsl  iiii--f.ioniiry,iiiMl  to  «lii(  Ji  hi'wascvcr  I 
iittaclu'd.     Jiy  ills  wii'c,  llarrirt,  lie  liad  fmrU'cn 
chililri'ii,  of  wiiom  Ni'vcn  sons  niul  two  (laii),'iiti'rH 
survivi'd   iiiiii      Six   of  tlic   nous   ch  voted   liicni- 
Ki'lvoM   fn  forci;,'!!  niisNioiis,  three  of  whom  were. 
lit  the  liiiH  of  ills  deatii,  in  tiie  lieid  in  liidiii,  at 
Areot,  seventy  miles  from   MadraM.     His  appeal  | 
to  the  youth  in  liehalf  of  the  lieathen  wuh  ]iuI)-  1 
lislied  ill  ISHii  lie  wrote  also  a  tract,  jirovisioii  ■ 
for  passing;  over  Jordan.  | 

SCl'DDKU.  Katiia1!INi:,  wife  of  W.  W.  Scud- ' 
der,  missionary  at  Arcot,  died  of  the  cholera 
Manh  II.  lSli»;  she  had  lieen  less  than  two 
years  ill  India.  She  had  no  rejjret,  mid  no  fears. 
Iler  Saviour  wns  with  lior.  She  died  on  hoard  a 
vessel,  anchored  near  the  continent,  and  was 
li'iried  in  a  fjrove  of  thorn  trees,  which  looks  out 
n|ii)ii  the  ocean.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Tlios. 
Hastings  of  Xew  Yolk. 

S('rJ)l)];Jt,  Mrs.,  wife  of  Dr.  Scudder,  mis- 
sionary ni  Madras,  died  Nov.  11),  184!),  a),'ed  ol. 
She  had  been  connected  with  missions  thirty 
vears.  Her  name  was  Harriet  Waterluiry,  of 
New  York.  She  was  married  in  ISKi,  and  sailed 
ill  181!)  for  India,  with  the  wives  of  Messrs.  \\'ius- 
low,  Spaulding,  and  Woodward.  I'rom  Ceylon 
she  removed  to  Madras  in  183(5.  Tor  several 
\  cars  hefore  184(5  she  and  lier  linshand  were  in 
America.  Just  hefore  she  died  she  oxclaiined, 
"Glorious  htaven  !  fjlorious  salvation!" 

SKAUritY,  Samlki.,  ]).  1).,  first  bishop  of 
the  Eiiiscop.d  church  in  the  I  iiited  States,  died 
l''el).  2.5,  17U(1.  a^'cd  158.  He  was  the  son  of  Mr. 
Seabury,  Con^i  ■  ;,'ational  minister  at  Groton,  and 
afterwards  Mjiiscojial  minister  at  New  London, 
and  was  born  in  1728.  After  being  graduated  at 
Yalo  college  in  1161,  he  went  to  Scotland  for  the 
purpose  of  studying  medicine  ;  but,  his  attention 
being  soon  directed  to  theology,  he  took  orders  in 
Loudon  in  1753.  On  his  return  to  this  co.intry 
he  was  settled  in  the  ministry  at  Hruuswiok  in 
Xew  Jersey.  In  the  beginning  of  1757  ue  re- 
moved to  Jamaica  on  Long  Island  ;  and  theiiie 
ill  Dec,  17(5(5,  to  West  Chester.  In  this  place  he 
remained  till  the  commencement  of  the  war, 
when  he  went  into  the  city  of  New  York.  At 
the  return  of  ])eacc  he  settled  in  New  London. 
In  1784  he  went  to  England  to  obtain  consecra- 
tion as  bishop  of  the  Ei)iscopal  church  of  Connec- 
ticut, but,  meeting  with  some  obstruction  to  the 
accomplishment  of  Ids  wishes,  he  went  to  Scot- 


KK.MU.K. 


I2r, 


land,  whrro,  Nov.  lllli,  he  wa«  rnr.«( rratcd  by 
thr.  (•  iioiijuriiig  bl^l  ipM.  Afiir  ilii-  period  hj. 
<li^charg(■d  for  ii  nuu.l.i  r  of  years  at  New  l.ouiUm 
the  duties  of  hit  othee  In  an  exeniphirx  maiiniT. 
He  pnliliHhed  the  duly  of  eonsideriiia  our  w;i\ii, 
l7Hi)'  a  disconrs"  at  the  ordiiiatinii  of  |{.  ImiwIc, 
171)1  i  and  two  vciIiiiiiim  of  setmon-,  tthi<h  e\iiiee 
a  viLjorous  and  W(Hi.ifi>rmed  niliul.  .Xfier  bis 
death  n  supplementary  >oluine  was  piilill^hrd  in 
171)H. 

Sl'.AMAX,  Vm.kntim;.  M.  D.,  died  in  New 
York  in  Jiiiic,  |HI7.  aged  17.     lie  was  the   son 

of  Samuel  and  desci  iidant  of  Captain  Jului,  who 
settled  at  lleni|isl(iid,  I,.  I.,  alioiil  KiiiO.  He  was 
of  the  society  of  I'lieiids,  and  adhered  to  it.  He 
studied  Willi  Dr.  Nichol.is  Itoiiieyu,  and  in  I'hilu- 
delphia,  and  was  an  eminent  pliysieimi.  For  the 
good  of  the  .MVicaii  nice  he  toiled  niucli,  being  a 
iiicmber  ol  the  manuinission  society. — WitlKuiin' 
Mill,  liiiiij. 

Si;.\M.\NS.  Jim,  a  Itaptist  minister  in  Xew 
Loudon,  Conn.,  died  in  1  s;io,  ajred  ml'.  Jtiu-n  in 
Swaiizey,  Mass.,  he  was  first  a  minister  in  .\ttle- 
boroiigh,  Mass.,  and  removed  to  Xew  Loudon  in 
178.S,  when  the  Itaptist  church  was  formed. 

Sl'.AM.VXS,  Aakon,  a  lla| '^t  niinisier,  died 
at  Marion,  Iowa,  Oct.  1,  IN5(i,  aged  .S7.  Horn 
in  lU'hoboth,  his  father  removed  to  Cheshire, 
Masr,.,  and  there  became  religious  under  the 
lireaching  of  lUder  Lelaiid.  lM)r  about  forty 
years  he  was  the  pastor  of  the  liaptist  church  in 
Xorthville,  X.  Y.  In  1812  he  removed  to  Iowa. 
His  life  was  useful  j  his  end  peace. 

SI'.AUl.E,  John,  the  second  minister  of  Sha- 
ron, Conn.,  died  in  Stoi.i'ham,  Mass.,  in  1787, 
aged  about  (il.  He  graduated  nl  Yale  in  1743, 
and  was  succeeded  by  C.  .M.  Smith  in  17.")5,  and 
riiuoved  to  Sioneham,  where  he  was  |  astor  from 
1758  to  177(i.  He  ])nlilished  a  sermon  at  the  or- 
dination of  S.  I'ealiody.  —  Sjtr(i;/iii'.t  Aiiiiuls. 

SI'',AKI,i;,  JoN.VMlAN,  first  minister  of  Mason, 
N.  IL,  died  in  1812,  aged  CiS.  I'.oru  in  Howley, 
he  graduated  af  Harvard  in  17(51  ;  was  pastor 
from  1772  to  1781. 

SEA  I!  1,1',,  Jd.NATiiAN,  first  minister  of  Salis- 
bury, X.  H,,  died  in  Dec,  181!).  aged  74.     Horn 
in  Uowley,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  17(>5,  and 
vas  ])aslor  from  1773  to  1701,  and  was  succeeded 
by  'I'liomas  Worcester. 

SICAltLE,  TlioMA.s  C,  the  minister  of  ^ladi- 
.  in,  Ind.,  died  Oct.  10,  1821,  aged  about  32. 
Born  in  Uowley,  he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in 
1812,  and  studied  theology  at  Princeton.  He 
was  a  preacher  of  talents  and  eloquence.  His 
zeal  for  the  advancement  of  religion  in  the  West 
induced  him  in  181!)  to  emigrate  from  his  beloved 
New  England.  I'robably  not  more  than  one  or 
two  I'resbyierian  ministers  had  been  settled  in 
Indiana  before  liim.  He  opened  an  academy  in 
Madison,  and  preached  incessantly.    His  great 


720 


Kr.AIlS. 


«r,i-.fii;Fi. 


Inl'orn  l)rniif(ht  on  n  fiitnl  fever.     Win  wi<tnw,  An- ' 
lulte,   I  WDiimti   of  MIC   excelleiiee  of  ( li;iiaeter, 
the  ihiii^lilcr  ni'  I'ldl'i'sMoi'  II.  Woiiiluaid  ol'  Iturl- 
niiiuili,  tlii  il  .Nov.  27,  IM.'I,  n^ed  .'J I. 

iSI'.AItS,  .losltr.V, 'L  inci'cliiuit  of  llcislon,  (lied 
in  l''i  II.,  1S,)7,  leaxiiip;  |ir(i]i(Ttv  t<i  llie  iiiiiniint  "I' 
1,(iO(l,()IJ()dcillurN.  lie  lie(|iieiitlie(l  |.'<.(l(l(l  d(dhirit  ' 
to  tlu;  town  of  Y:irnM>iitli,  his  liirlli  |ilare,  to  es-  j 
tnldisli  IV  nnuiienl  hiliool  i  N,t)()()  dollars  to  the 
et'Uineii'M  friend  hoeiet)  of  llntton  ;  and  lejjntieH  : 
to  hi>  liroihers  and  t)ilier  relativeH  to  th(^  amount 
of  1(17,(1(10  dollars,  'the  iiinainder,  nearly  n 
niillioii  and  a  luilf,  is  left  to  his  soti  of  three  \earN 
of  11)^0,  who>e  f;uardlan  in  Aljihi  us  ll:u'(ly.  'I'he 
hoy,  on  reuehiuff  twenty-one  years,  is  to  receive 
30,000  dollars  ;  ihen  J.Ot'lO  dollars  n  year  for  tlire(< 
ycnrH  (  then  O.OOt)  dollars  ii  year  till  he  reael-.CH 
the  a^c  of  lliirlyj  and  10,0(10  (l<'ll;\rs  a  year  af- 
terwards. It  is  said,  Mr.  S,  h  <  fjiven  to  the 
poor  of  the  town  of  Ynrnioutli  within  ii  few 
years  lO.OOO  dollars.  Had  he  given  his  Kon 
100,000  dollars  or  half  n  million,  and  lel^  one 
million  for  great  charities,  and  esjjccially  to 
Rpread  nliroad  the  revealed  truth  of  that  Ciod 
who  intruNted  him  with  his  wealth,  all  eiiliirlitened 
Christian  men  would  have  ajiproved  of  his  he- 
quest.  Yet  what  other  rich  man  has  had  the 
])lensurc  of  distrihuting  with  hiii  own  hands 
40,000  dollars  anion(^  the  poor  of  his  native 
village  P 

SK.WY,  ILv-NXAii,  widow,  died  at  Kennchuuk 
Port  in  lH'J!,aged  lOI. 

SKCCOMllK,  Jdiin,  first  mim'stcr  of  Harvard, 
Muss.,  died  in  Chester,  Nova  Scotia,  in  Jan.,  170,'J, 
aged  ohout  So.  Horn  in  Mcdford,  lie  graduated 
at  Cambridge  in  17l.'8;  was  from  1733  to  17>57 
the  minister  of  Harvard  ;  thence  before  1772  he 
removed  to  Chester.  He  was  a  descendant  of 
llichard,  of  Lynn  from  1000  to  1094.  He  wrote 
Father  Abbey's  will,  a  lihort  humorous  poem ; 
and  jiublishcd  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  Abigail 
Belcher,  1772;  also  at  ordination  of  IJriiin  K. 
Comingoe  over  the  Dutch  congregation  at  Lunen- 
burg, preached  at  Halifax,  1770,  the  first  in  Xova 
Scotia  on  such  an  occasion. 

SKCCOMUi:,  JoHKl'li,  died  in  1700,  aged  54. 
lie  was  a  brother  of  the  jireccding,  a  graduate  of 
1731,  and  was  installed  at  Kingston,  N.  II.,  in 
1737.  He  pulillsiied  ways  of  pleasure  and  paths 
of  ])cacc  ;  rehearsal  of  the  0])erations  of  Christ 
as  God,  1740  ;  and  a  sermon  to  a  fishing  party,  a 
discourse  written  at  sea. 

SEriJEK,  Hkxuy,  died  in  German  Flats  May 
15,  1845,  aged  104.  He  was  born  in  Indian  Cas- 
tle, and  served  in  the  French  and  subsequent 
wars.  At  Oriskany  he  received  three  wounds, 
and  bore  a  ball  in  his  body  to  his  death.  He 
lived  to  see  the  si.xth  generation,  and  left  two 
hundred  and  tlm-teen  descendants. 

SEDGWICK,  lloBiiKT,  general,  died  in  Ja- 


mnira  Mny  '^  I,  lO.'iO.  His  widow  mnrrird  lUv. 
ThoniMf.  Alii'  U"  wo*  nn  (uriy  seilhr  (jf 
Charli'ito^'-'',  Mat.*.,  ii  man  of  disliiielinn,  iho 
head  of  ti^'  .i!  liliti*  .if 'u'dg'iiekN  in  tliii  country. 
He  engiigi '.!  ri  liie  Hcrvlrc-  of  Croniwi  II,  luid  i'iin<- 
luanded  an  ex|iediii<>n,ii'"<ign('d  agniiiNi  the  l)iili  h 
at  New  York  j  but.  lis  ji<'iiee  was  made,  lu'  siiili  d 
from  IloKton  again-.!  the  {''reiuh  and  caiitiu'cd  .St. 
John's  and  I'ort  Itoyal,  He  was  an  cnteriiriHiiig 
man,  a  merchant  |  and,  tbou^'h  far  from  an  intol- 
erant spirit,  he  was  religious'.  His  letters  to 
(Vomwell  are  in  Thurloe's  state  papers.  —  (loml. 
trill,  |).  175. 

SEI)(i\VICK,'riit;(iiK)ni:,  I, I,.  I).,  judge,  diid 
Jan.  24,  1NI3,  aged  (iO.  Horn  at  West  llartf(,rd, 
Conn.,  in  May,  1740,  ho  wns  a  desceinlnnt  of 
Ilobert  S.,  an  early  settler  and  dlstingiiislicrl  mil- 
itary odlcer  of  Massachusetts,  residing  at  Cliarlcs- 
towi).  His  father,  Jlenjaniin  S.,  relin(|tiislii'(l 
mereanlile  business,  removed  to  Cornwall,  and  at 
his  death  left  a  widow  and  six  children.  Of  tlicso 
Theodore  N.  was  the  youngest  son.  He  settled 
as  a  lawyer  at  Hliellield,  then  nt  Slockbridgc  in 
17H5.  In  the  wnr  of  the  Itevolution  he  was  nn 
aid  to  (ienerid  'I'honuis  in  177(1  in  the  expedition 
to  Canada  !  and  in  the  Shnys  rebellion  he  exert- 
ed hiniM'lf  most  zeuloiisly  in  its  Mi|tpressi()n.  In 
1785  and  178({  lie  was  a  member  of  congress; 
also  from  1780  to  170(1.  Frcmi  1700  to  17!)H  ho 
was  a  senator  of  the  I'nited  States.  In  17!)!l  lir 
was  a  member  of  the  house  and  was  chosen 
speaker.  From  1H02  till  his  death  he  was  a 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Massachusetts. 
He  died  nt  Doston.and  was  bnried  at  Stoekbridgc. 
His  daughter,  Catln  rine  S.,  is  known  by  her  vari- 
ous writings.  His  life  was  active  and  nscfid.  As 
his  attachments  and  aversions  were  strong,  he 
WHS  zealous  as  a  politician  ;  in  his  maimers  he 
was  dignified,  and  his  liabits  were  social.  He 
was  a  communicant  in  the  church  of  Dr.  Chtiii- 
ning  at  Uoston. 

SEDGWICK,  'riir'.()l)OitK,  the  oldest  son  of 
Judge  Sedgwick,  a  lawyer  of  Albany,  and  then  a 
resident  of  Stoekbridgc  for  the  last  twelve  or 
more  years,  died  of  the  apoplexy  nt  I'ittsficKl, 
while  attending  a  ])oliticnl  meeting,  Nov.  7,  bS.'iO, 
aged  about  00.  He  graduated  nt  Y'ale  hi  171)f<. 
His  three  brothers,  men  much  rcsjicefcd,  arc  nlso 
deceased.  Hetiry  D.,  a  lawyer  of  New  Y'ork,  a 
graduate  of  Williams  in  1804,  died  in  1831,  ngcd 
45  ;  Jtobert,  ii  lawyer  of  Now  York,  died  at  Sa- 
chem's Head  in  1841,  aged  54;  and  Charles,  a 
lawyer,  and  for  many  years  clerk  of  the  lieik- 
shire  courts,  died  at  Lenox  in  1850,  agrd  04, 
highly  esteemed  for  liis  social  qindities  and  active 
licnevolenee,  and  greatly  lamented  by  his  numer- 
ous friends. 

SEEGICH,  CitARl.ra  L.,  a  distinguished  phy- 
sician, died  in  Northampton  in  May,  1848,  aged 
80.    Uc  was  a  native  of  Germany,  and  had  been 


8KIXAH. 

nrlllol   ill  N*.  tii-nrly  Imlf  n  rciitury.     He  putt- ' 

lisllt'd  cirntioil  Jul)    I,   iHlO;    li'L'tui'l'    oil    till'  I'lliil- 
ITU.  IH.TJ.  i 

SHIX.VS,  (Jkihiioih,  iiiiriiHtir  of  llic  .1i\\i»h 
coiiKriKiitioii  ill  tlio  city  of  N'l'w  York,  ilit  tl  in 
IHKi,  u'^i'<l  "0,  ill  lliu  liltii'lh  year  of  hi-t  luiii- 
idiry. 

SKI.ni'.N,  1)1  lil.KY,  III!  cmiiiciit  lawyir  of  N't-w 
\ork,  ilii'tl  ill  I'lriw,  I'liiiu'i-,  in  l.s.'j,).  j 

!Sr,L\VIN',  or  .Si;i,YNS,  1II.NUV,  died  in  1T0(», ' 
]Ii' wii.H  liistalii'd  UN  the  niiiiistcr  of  tlii>  l)utrh 
I'liiirili  ill  Itrookiyii  Sc|)f.  .'(,  KilKt.  lie  ri'sidcd 
at  New  AiiiNtrrdaiii.  lie  aildrcNM'd  a  Latin  poi  ni 
to  V.  Matlii'r,  dated  l(>!)7,  wiiicii  is  prclix-d  to  the 
Ma^iialia. 

Sll.MMIvS,  'I'lio'iAS,  Dr.,  an  ciiiiiit'iit  pliVNiciaii 
of  Alexandria,  Va.,  dii'd  uliout  iNiJU,  a^^i'd  aliont 
51.  In  tliu  cliolcra  of  IN.'JL*  lie  wan  very  assidu- 
ous in  his  laliors.  —  H'illinm.i'  Mid.  Itini/.  j 

SKMIM.K,  UoiiKUT  IJ.,  J).  1).,  died  in  Vir<,Miiia 
J)i'C.,  IHill.     Jl<'  had  l)t'C'n  a  prcacht-r  forty-two 
years,  and  was  president  of  the  liaptist  mission- 1 
ary  eonvention.     lie  published  u  history  of  the 
Daplists  ill  Va.,  IKOO.  | 

.SlCNTJ'^lt,  Is.v.xc,  M.  1).,  an  eminent  ])liysieiaii 
of  Newjiort,  11.  I.,  died  in  Dec.,  17!)!),  af,'ed  11. 
He  was  born  in  N.  II.,  and  studiiil  with  Dr. 
Tlioiims  Motfatt  of  Newport.  He  was  a  sur^;eon  , 
in  the  ItevoliiliDiuiry  war,  and  accompanied  Ar- 
nold in  his  ex])edilion  to  (iuebec,  of  which  he 
))vepaicd  uii  iicconiit  for  the  press.  After  the  war 
lie  practised  for  a  time  in  I'awtucket ;  then  settled 
at  Newport.  His  wife  was  Miss  Arnold  of  I'aw- 
tucket. He  wrote  for  jieriodicals  in  America  and 
J'.iirope.  —  T/i(irlicr's  Med.  Jllni/.  j 

.SI',UCii;.\N"r,  .John,  missionary  amonji;  the  In- 1 
(liaiis,  (lied  at  Stockbrid},'e  July  27,  171!),  afjed  IJH. 
He  was  born  at  Newark,  N.  J.,  in  1710,  and  was 
fjraduated  in  172U  at  Yale  colle;^e,  where  he  was  | 
afterwards  a  tutor  for  four  years.     In  Oct.,  17lil,  i 
he  went  to  Houssatonnoc,  an  Indian  villaj;e  in  i 
the  western  part  of  Mas.saeluisetts,  and  bef,'aii  to 
])reach  to  the  Indians.     That  he  niif,'ht  bo  en- ' 
allied  to  administer  to  them  the  Christian  ordi- ' 
nances  he  was  ordained  at  Deerfield  Aug.  .')1, 
17oj.     Jonathan  Edwards  succeeded  him.     Mrs. 
Serfifcant  was  a  sister  of  Colonel  Kphraim  Wil- 
liams, the  daughter  of  Mr.   K.  Wilhams,  one  of 
the  tirst  settlers  of  Stockbridge.     Parsons  in  his 
life  of  I'epperrell  speaks  of  a  faction,  composed 
by  her  husband,  Brigadier  Dwight,  and  the  Wil- 
liainses,  for  disijlacing  Jonathan  I'^dwards  from 
his  charge  of  the  Houssatonnoc  Indian  mission  j 
and  he  ))ubllshes  a  letter  of  Secretary  WiUard  to 
Sir  William,  written  in  HijO,  in  favor  of  Edwards. 
Mrs.  Dwight  was  a  teacher  of  the  Indian  girls. 
His  son,  Dr.  Erastus  S.,  died  at  Stockbridge  in 
Nov.,   1814,  aged  72 ;    his   son,  John  S.,  .sixty 
years  a  missionary  to  the  Indians  at  New  Stock- 
bridge,  N.  Y.,  died  Sept.  8,  1824,  aged  77.      He 


HI •.VI' II. 


727 


was  siipp.irtid  in  part  Ij\  the  comnii"i..ni'r'.  of  tho 
Miiielj  liir  |.ii>;iii;.MlinK  'be  Kinpd.  imd  in  p.irt  liy 
iiidi>idiiaN  in  I'.iiKland,  wjioir  miinilld  nee  rciulnd 
him  through  the  hands  i,(  Dr.  (•(.Ini.iii  o'  Ilo^lon. 
He  had  Impli/ed  imi'  lumdnd  :ind  '■  i.n  'nu 
lii(li:iiiH,  and  lortx-twn  «i  re  eoniiiinii!  ,,.  is  iii  |iv 
liiuf  of  his  (b;ilh.  Willi  griiit  laim.  !,.■  r.aiiK- 
latdl  till  whole  of  the  New  TeNtali-.i'iii,  e.\fepling 
the  Kevelation.into  the  Indian  langiiitge, and  >e\- 
eial  parts  of  the  Old  Testament.  In  his  life  Im 
was  just,  kind,  and  benevolent.  The  ll(>iiv<a!cin- 
noe  or  Stockbridge  Imlians  i  inigratcd  to  .New 
Stockbridge  ill  the  Stale  of  New  York,  aliil  were 
for  many  jears  under  the  care  of  his  son.  Ho 
published  a  letter  to  Dr.  Ci)linaii  on  the  eduea- 
lion  of  tjie  children  of  the  Indians,  and  a  sermon 
on  the  causes  and  danger  of  delusions  in  reliifioii, 
I7i:f.  —  Itdjihiiin'  Miiiii.iis  «;/'  lliiiisn.  Iiiiliiinn; 

I'lnin/iliKl,  II.;    Sindi/lli'.-t  Allliillx. 

S1',U(;E.\.\T,  I'.iiAMis.  a  pli\>i(ian  in  Stock- 
bridge,  Mass.,  died  hi  IMll,  aged  72.  He  was 
the  son  of  Kev.  John  S.  j  studied  two  years  in 
I'rinceton  college,  then  studied  physic  with  his 
uncle,  Dr.  Thomas  William,  of  Dicilield;  and 
eommenced  the  practice  in  bis  native  town  in 
I'O.j.  He  was  a  skilful  surgeon  us  well  as  pliy- 
sieian  ;  his  business  extemled  to  the  neighboring 
towns.  He  was  sedate,  kind,bene\olenl,ad(uned 
with  the  Christian  graces.  I''or  many  years  he 
was  a  deacon  of  the  church.  In  the  war  he  was  n 
major  in  the  garrison  at  Lake  Chaniplain  in  1777. 
He  died  of  a  pulmonary  ilisease.  At  dinner  ho 
was  taken  with  bleeding  and  died  immediately. 
It  is  remarkable,  Ihalllioiigh  neither  ]iiirent  had 
a  clouded  reason,  live  of  his  children  were  in- 
saiie.  His  son,  Era.-tus,  a  physician  in  I.ee,  died 
in  18112, aged  about  GO;  a  graduate  of! )artmouth 
in  17!)2. 

SERGEANT,  John,  died  in  IMiiladelphia  Nov. 
23,  18rj2,  aged  nearly  7li.  He  graduated  at 
I'rinceton  in  I7!).j.  Eor  more  than  half  a  cen- 
tury he  was  honored  for  his  great  ability  as  a  law- 
yer ;  he  was  also  distinguished  in  congress.  In 
1832  he  was  whig  candidate  for  vice-])resident, 
Mr.  Clay  f(n-  i)residcnt.  He  was  a  worthy  mem- 
ber of  the  E])iscoj)al  church.  His  father,  Jona- 
athan  Dickinson  Sergeant,  was  a  grandson  of 
President  Dickinson,  and  son  of  Jonathan  Ser- 
geant. He  was  a  ])atriol  in  the  Uevolution,  and 
was  the  first  attorney-general  of  the  State.  He 
died  a  victim  to  the  yeUow  fever  in  17U!1.  His 
mother  was  a  daughter  of  llev.  I  )r.  I'^lihu  Spen- 
cer. His  sister,  Sarah,  married  Kev.  Dr.  Samuel 
Miller,  and  lived  w  ith  him  nearly  fifty  years.  Ho 
published  a  eulogy  on  Adams  and  Jetlerson  ;  and 
1  a  speech  on  the  Missouri  (jiiestion,  1820. 
I  SEVER,  N1CII0LA.S,  mhiister  of  Dover,  N.  II., 
died  in  Massachusetts  in  1704,  aged  84.  IJorn  in 
Roxbury,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1701,  and 
was  tutor  and  fellow;  lie  was  settled  in   1711. 


728 


SEVi:UAXCE. 


SEWAIX. 


pm 


The  ministers  l.cforc  liiin  wore  Miir.d,  Rayncr, 
I'iko  ;  and  .iIUt  luni  J.  Cushin^',  J.  Jit'lknii]),  U. 
Crnv,  etc. 

SJ;VJ;UAXCr„  I.i  thkk,  died  ill  Aii^'usta,  Mc. 
Jan.  L'.j,  IHoo;  t-diloi- (if  tlio  Ki'nnclifc  Jom-nal. 
lie  was  a  nu'uibcr  ot'  coiij;rcss,  and  a  coinmis- 
sioiiiT  ti)  llie  Sandwich  Islands. 

SJAlKIt,  .)(;ii.N,  KDVtinor  of  Tennessee,  died 
in  Oclohci-,  ISl,;.  Ik'  ^^as  a  soldier  of  the  llev- 
olution,  and  was  dislin;,'ia;.!ied  in  the  battle  at 
Kinj^'s  Mountain  willi  (  olonel  ]'"ergnson  in  IT.SO. 
lie  and  Colonel  .SliiHiy  jiroji/cted  and  execulcd 
th'.'  enterjjiif  e,  for  which  llie  Icf^islaturc  of  North 
r.irolina  in  lK!,'j  voted  liini  a  sword.  In  17 SO  he 
coininandc'd  the  loices  which  defeated  the  Creek 
and  Cherokee  Indians.  lie  was  a  (general  in  the 
provisional  army,  and  in  1798  governor  of  Ten- 
nessee. 

.Si;VIER,  .Vjii'.uost:  H.,  colonel,  died  in  the 
last  hour  :ji  1S|H,  af,'ed  -19.  IJorn  in  the  uionn- 
tains  ol  I'ast  Tennessee,  he  settled  in  Arkansas, 
and  was  lonj,'  a  delegate  to  congress,  first  in  1S27, 
and  a  niend)er  of  the  senate  of  the  United  States. 
Among  his  last  services  he  perfected  a  treaty  of 
j)eace  with  the  repnblic  of  Mexico.  He  held  pub- 
lic stations  for  a  quarter  of  a  century.  He  was 
sincere,  straight-forward,  zealous,  faithful  to  his 
principles,  energetic,  honorable. 

SEWALL,  Samukl,  chief  justice  of  the  su- 
preme court  of  JIassachusetts,  died  Jan.  1,  1730, 
a^ed  77.  He  was  born  at  Uishop-Stoke,  Eng- 
land, March  28,  lGo2.  His  father,  Henry,  had 
before  this  lime  been  in  America,  and  in  1034  be- 
gan the  settlement  of  Xewbury.  He  finally  es- 
tablished himself  in  th>s  country  in  1(301,  when 
his  son  was  nine  years  old.  In  his  childhood 
Judge  Sewall  was  under  the  instruction  of  Mr. 
Parker  of  Newbury.  He  was  graduated  at  Har- 
vard college  in  1071,  and  afterwards  jjreached  for 
a  short  time.  In  1088  he  went  to  England.  In 
1092  he  was  apjiointed  in  the  new  charter  one  of 
the  council,  in  which  station  ho  continued  till 
172o.  He  was  made  one  of  the  judges  in  1092, 
and  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court  in  1718. 
This  oflice,  as  well  as  that  of  judge  of  probate 
for  Suffolk,  he  resigned  in  1728,  on  account  of  in- 
firmities. His  brothers  were  John  and  Stephen. 
His  wife,  Hannah,  was  the  only  child  of  John 
Hull.  His  daughter,  Elizabeth,  married  Grove 
Hirst,  and  her  daughter  married  Sir  William 
Pe])pcrcll;  his  daughter,  Mary,  married  S.  Ger- 
rish,  and  Judith  married  Wm.  Cooper  in  1720, 
but  died  in  the  same  year.  Uy  his  wife  he  re- 
ceived a  large  fortune,  30,000  pounds  in  si.\- 
pences,  which  he  emjjloyed  for  the  glory  of  CJod 
and  the  advantage  of  men.  Eminent  for  piety, 
wisdom,  and  learning,  in  all  the  relations  of  life 
jie  exhibited  the  Christian  virtues,  and  secured 
universal  respect.  For  a  long  course  of  years  he 
■was  a  member  of  the  old  so  .th  clmrch,  and  one 


of  its  greatest  ornaments.  He  was  constant  in 
his  attendance  ni)on  ],nblic  worliip,  keeping  his 
biliie  betore  him  to  try  every  doctiine.  He  rend 
the  sacred  volume  every  morning  and  evening  in 
his  family,  and  his  jjrayers  with  his  household  as- 
cended to  heaven.  A  friend  to  every  follower  of 
Christ,  he  was  liberal,  hosjjitable.and  benevolent. 
For  the  praying  Iiulir.ns  ut  Nati(k  he  at  his  own 
exjjense  built  a  hcnise  of  worshij) ;  and  he  uni- 
formly, as  a  memlier  of  the  council  and  of  the 
society  for  projjagating  the  gospel,  exerted  him- 
self for  the  benefit  of  his  coj)per-coiored  brethren. 
He  dee])ly  felt  also  for  the  ennlavcd  negroes. 
Uetween  1700  and  1710  ho  published  the  sell- 
ing of  Joseph,  in  which  he  advocated  their 
rights.  He  was  critically  acquainted  with  the 
Latin,  Greek,  and  Hebrew  languages.  In  his 
last  sickness  he  was  resigned,  ])atient,  and  com- 
l)osed,  placing  his  whole  dependence  for  salvation 
upon  the  Redeemer.  He  left  behin<l  him  several 
volumes  of  eojnes  of  letters,  and  a  diary  in  three 
volumes,  which  embraces  about  forty  years. 
From  this  it  appears,  that  as  one  of  the  judges 
at  the  trial  of  the  Salem  witches  in  1092,  he  con- 
curred in  the  sentence  of  condemnation  ;  but  ho 
afterwards  of  In's  own  accord  made  n  confcssitin 
of  his  error.  It  was  read  by  his  minister,  Mr. 
AVillard,  on  a  day  of  ])nblic  fast,  and  is  jireserved 
in  his  diary.  He  published  an  answer  to  queries 
respecting  America,  1090 ;  ])ro])osals,  touching 
the  accomplishment  of  the  ]iroj)hecies,  4to.,  17l.'ij 
a  descripticn  of  the  new  hea\ens  and  earth,  4to., 
2d  edit.,  1727.  —  rriiirc'n  Fun.  Senii. 

SEAVALL,  Josi:ni,  1).  I).,  minister  in  lioston, 
the  son  of  the  jireceding,  died  June  27, 1709,  aged 
80.  He  was  born  Aug.  20,  1088,  and  was  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  college  in  1707.  Having  evuiced 
a  serious  disjjosiiion  from  his  earliest  days,  ho 
now  directed  his  attention  to  the  study  of  theol- 
ogy. Though  a  member  of  one  of  the  first  fam- 
ilies in  the  country,  he  sought  no  worldly  object, 
it  being  his  su])rome  desire  to  serve  God  in  the 
gospel  of  his  Son.  He  was  ordained  the  minis- 
ter of  the  old  south  clnnxh  in  lioston,  as  colleague 
with  Mr.  r  mberton,  Sept.  10,  1713.  .Vf'ier  mr- 
viving  thr(>e  colleagues,  Pemherton,  Prince,  ami 
Cumming,  he  died  in  the  fifty-sixth  year  of  his 
ministry.  His  colleag\ie,  Sanuiel  IJlair,  was  dis- 
missed in  October  of  the  same  jear,  and  in  1771 
John  liacon  and  John  Hunt  were  ordained  minis- 
ters of  this  church.  Dr.  Sewall  ])osscsscd  rc- 
s|)ectable  abilities,  and  was  well  acquainted  Aviili 
classical  learning.  In  1724  he  was  chosen  jres' 
dent  of  Harvard  college,  but  suih  was  his  humil- 
ity and  the  elevation  of  his  vie\is,  that  he  de- 
clined the  a])i)ointment,  wishing  rather  to  eonliiuio 
in  the  of!i>;e  of  a  minister  of  the  gospel.  His 
chief  glory  was  the  love  of  God  and  the  zeal  to 
do  good,  for  which  he  was  conspicuous  among 
his  brethren.      Few  ministers  have  ever  lived 


SEWALL. 

with  such  uniform  rcfcrciicp  to  the  <;rcut  t-iul  of 
tlicir  otiicc.  I)('(']il\  iiilcn'stcd  liimsi'lf  in  tlic 
truths  of  rcli^jion,  lie  roatlicd  lliu  hearts  of  liis 
hearers;  niul  sometimes  liis  voiic  was  so  m(>ilii- 
lateil  by  his  feciinf^s,  and  elevated  with  zei'.l,  as 
irresistibly  to  seize  the  attention.  Though  lie 
was  delilieratc  and  cautious,  lie  was  couraf^cous  in 
withstanding;  error.  He  could  sacrillce  every 
tliiiif,'  for  jieacc  but  duty,  and  truth,  and  holiness. 
During  his  last  illness,  which  continued  for  a 
number  of  months,  he  waj;  rcmarkalile  for  his 
Bubmission  and  patience,  '\^'llile  he  acknow- 
led"ed  himself  to  be  an  unprofitable  servant,  he 
looked  to  the  atoniuf;  sacrifice  of  Christ  for  par- 
don. Tie  spoke  of  dyin};  with  cheerfulness. 
Sometimes  iie  was  heard  to  sr.y  with  f,'reat  pathos, 
"Come,  Lord  Jesus,  come  qu'ckly."  At  len<rth 
he  died  as  one  who  wa.s  nssured  of  a  ha]ipy  im- 
mortality. He  married,  Oct.  29,  1713,  Elizabeth 
AVallev,  who  died  before  him.  Only  one  child 
purvivcd  him,  his  son,  Samuel,  who  was  a  deacon 
in  the  church  from  17G3  to  1771.  He  jmblished 
a  sermon  on  family  religion,  1710;  on  the  death 
of  Wait  Winthrop,  1717;  of  King  George  I., 
Thomas  Lewis,  and  Samuel  Hirst,  1727  ;  of  his 
father,  1730;  Benjamin  AVadsworth,  1737;  Jo- 
siah  Willard,  1706;  Thomas  Prince,  1758;  Alex- 
ander Cumming,  17G3 ;  a  caveat  against  covct- 
ousncss,  1718;  election  sermon,  1724;  on  a  day 
of  prayer  for  the  rising  generation,  1728;  at  the 
ordination  of  three  missionaries,  1733;  fast  ser- 
mon before  the  general  court,  1740 ;  sermon  at 
Thursday  lecture  ;  the  Holy  SjHrit  convincing  the 
world  of  sin,  of  righteousness,  and  of  judgment, 
four  sermons,  1741 ;  on  a  day  of  jn-ayer  ;  on  the 
love  of  our  neighbor,  1742;  sermon  on  Revela- 
tion v.  11,12,  1745;  on  the  reduction  of  Ha- 
vana, 1762.  —  Chauncy's  Fun.  iSerm. ;  Wisnei's 
Jlixt.,  08. 

SEWALL,  Stopiien,  chief  justice  of  the  supe- 
rior court  of  Massachusetts,  died  in  17'')0,  aged 
57.  The  nephew  of  Samuel  Sewall,  iic  was  the 
son  of  Major  Stephen  Sewall  of  Salem.  His 
mother  was  Margaret,  the  daughter  of  Jonathan 
Mitchell.  He  was  born  in  Dec,  1702,  and  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1721.  Having 
instructed  a  st':ool  in  ^Lirlilehead  for  several 
ver.rs,  lie  began  to  preach  with  great  acceptance. 
In  1728  he  was  chosen  a  tutor  in  the  college,  and 
he  filled  this  office  till  1739,  when  he  was  called 
to  take  a  seat  on  the  bench  of  the  su])erior  court. 
On  the  death  of  Chief  Justice  Dudley  in  1752  he 
was  appointed  to  succeed  him,  though  not  th«> 
senior  judge.  He  was  also  soon  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  council,  an('  continued  such  till  his 
death,  t'jough  it  was  with  difliculty  that  he  could 
be  prevailed  upon,  to  accept  the  ajipointinent  as 
he  questioned  the  propriety  of  sustainii-:;  at  the 
same  time  the  two  oflices.  His  estate  was  insol- 
vent.   He  was  distinguished  for  geniui;  and  leiirii- 


SEWALL. 


729 


ing.    He  united  an  uncommon  degree  of  (piickncsn 
of  ai)])ri'liension  with   a   deeply   ))eu('tniliiig  and 
(  qmcious   mind.      .\s   a  tutor,   he   jui)v<(l  tliat 
tliiii.'  \v,i>  I  ])erfect  consistency  bel\v(>en  the  most 
vigorous  and  resolute  exertion  of  authority  and 
the  most  gentle  and  com])lacent  manners.   Though 
he  was  a  very  humble  and  modest  man   he  sup- 
ported the  dignity  of  a  judge.     He  was  an  ex- 
emplary   Christian,    and    while     he    constantly 
attended  upon  the  institutions  of  the  gosjiel,  he 
offered  up  sacrifices  to  the  Lord  in  his  own  house, 
though,  as  he  was  never  married,  his  family  can- 
not be  sujiposed  to  have  had  tiie  deejiest  interest 
in  his  affections.     His  charity  to  those  in  want 
was  so  great  that  it  has  been  thought  excessive. 
He  had  a  deep  reverence  of  the  Supreme  lleing, 
and  often  spoke  with  apjirobation  of  the  circum- 
stance in  the  characterof  SirMatthew  Hale.that  ho 
never  mentioned  the  name  of  God  without  making 
a  tiause  in  his  discourse.  —  Miiithnr'a  Fun.  tSeriii. 
SEWALL,  StkI'IIKX,  first  llancock  ])rofessor 
of  Hebrew   in   Harvard   college,  died  July  23, 
1804,  aged  70.     He  descended  from  Henry  S.  of 
Newbury,  b.y  his  second  son,  John.     He  was  born 
at  York,  Maine,  in  Ajiril,  1 734,  and  was  gradu- 
ated in  1761.    He  succeeded  Mr.  .Monis  in  1762. 
Hebrew  had  sunk  into  contemjit  in  the  liands  of 
Mr.  Monis,  but  it  was  now  brought  into  honor. 
When  Mr.  Hancock  founded  the  profes.sorshi])  of 
Hebrew,  he  was  inaugurated  Juno  17,  1(65,  and 
continued  in  office  above  twenty  years.     He  took 
an  early  part  in  the  devolution.     After  he  lost 
his  professorship,  he  led  a  very  retired  life  till 
his  death.    His  wife  wa;,  a  daughter  of  I'rofessor 
Wigglesworth.     His  lectures  proved  him  to  have 
posse.'ised  nn  elegant  taste.     He  jmbiished  a  He- 
brew grammar,   8vo.,  17G3;   oratio   i'unebris  in 
obitum  1).  lAh:ir<!i  Holyoke.  1760  ;  an  oration  on 
the  death  of  l'rofet'i»or  Winthrop,  1770;  transla- 
tion of  tlie  first   book  of  Young's  niglit   thoughts 
in  Latin,  1780  ;  carniina  sacra,  qua'  Latine  Gr.T- 
ceque  condidit  America,  1789;  the  scrijjture  ac- 
count of  the   Sohechinah,   1704;    the   scripture 
historv,  relating  to  the  overthrow  of  Sodom  and 
fiomorrah,  and  to  the  origin  of  the  salt  sea,  or 
lake  of  Sodom,  1796.     He  wrote  a  Chaldee  and 
]'',ngli.sli  dictionary,  which  is  ir.  the   library  of 
Harvard  college. 

Sl'lW.VLL.  Jox.vrilA.X,  atfoniey-general  of 
Massachusetts,  died  at  Halif':ix  in  1706.  A  de- 
scendant of  Heiu'v  S.,  ho  was  the  nephe\v  of 
Chief  Juxtice  Stephen  S.  Having  lost  his  i)aren:s 
in  early  life,  he  was  educated  by  the  charity  of 
his  friends,  and  graduated  at  ilarvard  college  in 
1748;  taught  school  in  Salem  till  175<);  then 
studied  law  with  Judge  Chambers  Kuss;'ll  of 
liincolii ;  and  comincnced  the  practice  in  Ciuirles- 
town.  About  1767  he  was  a]ii)(iinted  attorney- 
general.  Iking  a  tory  in  the  Jtcvolu'ion,  lie 
retired  from  this  country  in  1775,  and  resided  iu 


730 


SEWALL. 


SIIWAI.L. 


ii:;i«! 


^>i' 


Uristol.  In  17H8  he  wont  to  Halifax.  His  wife- 
was  ]';stlic'r,  (Iaii;,'iitcr  of  IMmMiid  Quincy  of 
Quincy.  One  of  liis  sons  was  !itlf)rney-;jf'noral 
and  the  other  cliiefjnsticc  of  Canada.  !Ie  liad 
an  insinnatingcloquence,  was  an  acute  and  learned 
lawyer,  and  one  of  llie  finest  writers  of  his  day 
in  New  Enfjland.  He  wrote  various  ])olitical  ])a- 
pers,  the  chief  of  which,  sifjned  .Massaciiusotten- 
sis,  were  answered  liy  J.  Adams,  under  whose 
name  an  account  of  tlieni  is  jjiven. 

SEWALI-,  David,  J,L.  1).,  jud-e,  died  Oct. 
22,  1S2J,  aged  90.  He  was  a  descendant  of 
John,  tlie  second  son  of  Henry  S.,  who  lived  in 
Xewhury  in  1G3I ;  was  horn  at  York,  Maine,  and 
graduated  at  Harvard  collej^e  in  17oo,  heing  n 
classmate  and  friend  of  John  Adams.  In  1777 
he  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court 
of  Massachusetts;  and  in  1789 judge  of  the  dis- 
trict court  of  the  United  States,  lie  died  at 
York.  lie  was  an  honest  lawyer;  a  learned  and 
upright  judge  ;  a  sincere  patriot;  and  an  exem- 
plary Christian. 

SEWALL,  Jonathan  Mitciiki.i.,  a  poet,  was 
born  in  York  in  1719.  Being  adopted  by  his 
uncle,  Chief  Justice  Stephen  S.,  he  .studied  law, 
and  in  1774  was  register  of  probate  for  Grafton 
county,  X.  II.  lie  afterwards  removed  to  Ports- 
mouth, where  he  died  March  29,  1808,  aged  59. 
His  ode  of  war  and  Washington  was  celebrated, 
and  was  sung  in  the  Itevolutionary  war.  A  volume 
of  his  poems  was  published,  1801. —  Sp;c.  tinier. 
Poef.  I.  198. 

SEWALL,  SAMfEi.,  LL.  D.,  chief  justice  of 
Massachusetts,  died  June  8,  1814,  ;iged  ,j(i.  He 
was  the  grandson  of  Joseph  S.,  the  minister  of 
Boston;  was  born  in  Boston  Dec.  11,  1757;  his 
mother  was  a  daughter  of  Edmund  (iuincy,  I'o 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  177G.  Ho  set- 
tled at  Marblehead,  and  in  1797  was  a  member 
of  congress  ;  in  1800  ho  was  j)laced  upon  the 
bench  of  the  supreme  court  of  Massachusetts. 
After  the  death  of  Judge  Parsons  in  1813,  ho  was 
appointed  chief  justice.  He  died  suddenly  at 
Wiscasset,  and  was  succeeded  by  Chief  Justice 
Parker.  The  gentlemen  of  the  bar  erected  a 
monument  to  his  memory.  His  sons,  Samuel 
and  Edmund  Q.,  were  ministers  of  Burlington 
and  Danvers.  — Knopp's  Ih'or/.,  219-231. 

SEAVALL,  Danikl,  died  at  Kennebunk,  Me.. 
Oct.  14,  1842,  aged  87.  Born  in' York,  tlu'' 
brother  of  Jotham,he  was  early  devoted  to  farm- 
ing and  mechanics,  yet  found  tii.'O  tr  study 
much,  and  became  skilled  in  mathematics  and 
natural  philosophy.  After  being  a  while  in  the 
army,  ho  became  a  teacher.  He  was  register  of 
probate  from  178,'}  to  1820;  then  jjostmaster,  and 
clerk  of  the  supreme  court.  He  held  various 
other  oHices.  Xo  or.e  doubted  that  he  was  a 
man  of  intej^rity  and  faithfulness.  He  was  the 
brother  of  Gen.  S.  I 


SEWALL.  Thomas,  M.  T).,  died  in  AVashing- 
ton  Ajiril  10,  18|.j,  aged  ,J8.  Born  in  Augusta, 
Me.,  he  studied  medicine  in  Ifoston.  I'roni 
Es.'cx  he  removed  to  AVashiugton  in  l.sjo.  In 
1821  he  was  ajipointcd  professor  of  anatotnv  in 
the  medical  college,  and  ntaincd  this  place  till 
his  death.  He  be  longed  to  the  Methodist  ehurth, 
and  was  never  ashamed  of  the  religion  of  ('iiii.vt. 
A  weekly  prayer-meeting  of  pious  nieni'  irs  of 
congress  was  held  :if  his  house.  He  ])uKl,.-.|ic(l  a 
lecture,  1825;  an  essay  on  |]hren(jlog\  ;  and  a 
learned  tract  on  lemiierance,  which  was  liaushitcd 
into   German   and   circulated   in    ICint.jjc;    also 

charge,  1827  ;  a  sketch  of  Dr.  Godmaii,  ]8u0 

X.  v.  OWrctc,  April  19,  1815. 

Sl'^WALL,  Hi;.\KY,  general,  died  in  Augusta, 
Me.,  in  Sej)t.,  1815,  aged  93.  Born  in  York  in 
1752,  the  brother  of  Jotham,  he  learned  to  be  a 
mason  of  his  father.  He  joined  the  army  in 
1775  and  continued  in  it  till  the  j)eace.  When 
the  church  was  formed  in  llallowell  in  1791  he 
united  with  if,  and  was  it*  deacon.  He  was 
useful,  beiievok  nt,  and  honored,  during  his  long 
life,  being  an  eminent  Christian. 

SEWALL,  DlMMiR.  died  at  Chesfcrville,Me., 
in  184C,  aged  85.  He  was  a  jiatriol  of  the  Kcv- 
olution  and  a  ])ensioner.  He  went  to  C.  in  1781; 
when  it  was  an  mibroken  wilderness. 

SI'AVALL,  Jotham,  died  at  Chesterville,  Me., 
Oct.  ;J,  1850,  aged  90.  He  was  the  son  of  Henry, 
a  mason,  the  brother  of  Prof.  Ste])hen  S.  Ho 
was  born  in  York  Jan.  1,  1700:  in  the  early  jiart 
of  his  life  he  was  a  mechanic.  Eor  many  vears 
he  was  emi)loyed  as  a  niissi(inaiy  by  societies  in 
Massachusetts  and  Maine ;  and  Im!  was  wideh' 
useful.  His  memoirs,  by  his  son,  were  jjublishcd 
in  1853.  He  wa.s  rigidly  temiitrato:  for  forty 
years  he  had  used  neither  tea  nor  coffee.  Bread 
and  milk  and  fruits  were  his  diet.  Ho  had  tliii'- 
teen  children.  As  an  vnieducated  jjreacher  iic 
had  remarkable  j)owcr,  with  a  voice  of  great 
depth,  and  a  heart  of  great  tenderness.  He  was 
nearly  forty  years  old  when  he  began  to  preach ; 
yet  he  ])reache(l  tn  fourteen  States,  in  four  hun- 
dred and  thir:(rn  ditl'erent  jilaees,  and  twelve 
thousand  five  hundr(  d  and  uinety-lhne  tinus. 
Once,  as  he  was  the  jjreaeher  .t  Brunswick,  hi 
said  to  President  A])pleton,  ••  You  have  one  fault ; 
when  you  would  be  earnest  in  the  i)ulj)il  or  out, 
\ou  open  your  eyes  so  wide  as  to  .^liow  the  white, 
which  is  a  little  unpleasant."  The  reply  was, 
"A'ery  well."  After  ]>rcaclilng  himself.  Mr.  fS. 
asked  for  the  jjresident's  friendly  criticism,  the 
text  being  "  A  golden  bell  and  a  ijomegrunatc," 
Exod.  -XXVIII.  34,  in  the  description  of  the  ])ricst's 
robe;  the  doctrine  deduced  being,  that  good  fruit 
should  attend  a  sounding  profession.  Dr.  A.  re- 
])lied  :  "  Your  sermon,  Mr.  S.,  was  valuable,  but 
not  the  le.ss  so  because  it  had  no  connection  with 
your  text."  —  Spniyuc's  Annuls. 


SEW  ALL. 


SHAW. 


731 


SF.^VALL,  IIknuy,  minister  of  Px'tlicl  and  of  and  was  pastor  IVoni  1717  to  17.'}0,  and  w;\s  mi<- 
otlicr  towns,  died  at  San^i'rvillc,  Mc,  in  l.S.jO,  cctilid  1)\  I).  ]lii;,'crs.  'riic  time  of  his  d(  ;illi  is 
aacd  '^-  ISoi'H  ''•  Hatli,  lie  bejiaa  to  preach  as  a  not  known.  His  vile  was  a  f;rand-d,iii^:litt  r  of 
missionary  in  IMOH;  lie  was  settled  ii  IHll'  in  John  Shi'rnian  of  Watertown. —  'I'I-iicIiit. 
llehron  and  AVest  Minot,  and  about  18J0  in  |  SH-VITUCK,  lit-SJAMiN,  Dr.,  a  disiin>;uisiied 
Beinel;  in  1S28  lie  removed  to  S;;n'?erville  and  |  ])liysieiaii  of  Tem])leton,  NLis8.,  died  in  17i»l,af;ed 
was  the  niinister  u'uout  sixteen  years.  He  was  a  o'2.  He  was  grandson  of  Jii  iijaniin,  ilie  rust 
faithfid  preacher  ;  hut  he  was  obliged  to  toil  with  '  minister  of  Littleton.     He  gradiiati  d  at  Harvard 


his  own  hands  for  the  suiijiort  of  his  lainily. 

SKWAltD,  Wii.i.iAM,  minister  of  Nortli  Kil- 
liiigworth,  (-'onn.,  died  in  178'J,  aged  about  "0. 
He  graduated  at  Yale  in  17:54. 


justiec  of  Lower  Canada. 

Sl^YBEllI',  AlMM,  M.  ]).,  die 


2,  \H2rj,  aged  . 


d  at  Pari.s  May 
IJorn  and  educated  in  Pliila- 


in  17o,j.     His  wife  was  Lucy  liairoii,  thi'  daugh- 
ter of  a  brave  man,  who  fell  in  Johnsoii'.s  light  in 
17 jo.  —  'J'li)ichei'n  Mill,  liiifi/. 
SlLVl'TUCK,  Gkuhgi;  C.,">L]).,  died  in  Hos- 
SKWr^LL,  Jonathan,  LL.  ]).,  judge,  died  at  ',  ton  March  18,  isjl,  aged  70.     He  was  the  son  of 
Quebec  Nov.  12,  18.'i!),  aged  7;J.     He  was  chief  j])r.  lienjainin  Shattuck  of  Ttniiilcton,  who  piar- 

I  ried  Lucy  Larron,  and  died  in  17114,  aged  .VJ.and 
who  was  the  grandson  of  Jkiijamin  Shal  tuck,  the 
first  muiister  of  Littleton.  He  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  m  180.'J,  and  was  jiresident  of  the 
MassarhuKctts  medical  society.  He  pMbiished 
three  dissertations,  1W)8. 

iSlLWEU,  JmiN,  died  at  liurlington,  .'?oone 
county,  Ky.,  Ajiril  22,  IS.Jl,  aged  ll)j. 

iSHAW,  ()AKi:s,  minister  of  Ijarnstable,  died 
Feb.  n,  1807,  aged  about  70.  J'.orn  at  Ihidge- 
water,  the  son  of  Kev.  John  Shaw,  he  graduated 
at  Hr.rvard  in  17.J8.  He  was  settled  as  the  min- 
ister of  Grci't  ^Lu•sIles,  West  liarnstable.  Oct. 
1,  17G0  :  the  scmon  was  by  John  Shaw.  A 
grate*'.il  monument  \.  as  erected  by  his  jicople, 
whoiii  he  faithfully  served  for  forty-si.\  years,  cora- 
memorati'ig  his  talents,  jiiety,  zeal,  constancy, 
his  sincerity  and  kind  afl'ectioi'.s.and  liismany  vir- 
tues. James  Otis  was  liorn  in  his  parish.  Mr.  S. 
was  the  father  of  Leniuel  Shaw,  the  venerable 
chief  justice  of  ^Lissachusetls,  at  wliose  house  in 
Boston  his  widow  died  in  18o9.  a^ed  04.  He 
had  a  brother,  who  «as  a  minister  hi  Haverhill. 
—  IJuir's  HciiiKin  ;  fdiiiiplisf,  lii.  )).  43-4 J. 

SliAW,  John,  iv  piivsician  and  poet,  died  Jan. 
10,  1809,  aged  :i<».  Hv  was  born  at  Vnnapolis, 
May  4,  1778;  graduati'd  at  the  college  there  in 
1705;  and  in  1800  prix-'-eded  to  the  Mediterra- 
nean in  the  frigate  I'li  .adeljihla.     At  'I'unis  he 


delphia,  in  1703  he  went  to  Europe  and  studied 
nt  Paris,  London,  J'.dinburgh,  and  C-ottingcn, 
devoting  es];ecial  attention  to  chemistry  and  min- 
eralo"v.  On  his  return  to  Philadelphia  \\v 
brought  a  ^o  I  cabinet.  For  eight  years  he  was 
a  member  of  congress.  From  1810  to  1821  he 
travelled  in  Europe ;  and  made  a  tliird  voyage  in 
1824.  He  beipieathed  1,000  dollars  for  educating 
the  d*'af  ind  dumb,  and  000  dollars  to  the  (ir- 
iiluin  asylum.  He  jiublished  statistical  annals  of 
the  United  States  from  1780  to  1818,  4to. 

SHAFf;U,  Jo.sKi'ii  L.,  D.D.,  died  at  Newton, 
N.  J.,  Nov.  12,  1853,  aged  CO.  A  graduate  of 
I'rinceton  in  1808,  he  was  settled  in  1812.  His 
labors  were  greatly  blessed;  in  all  he  received 
into  his  church  six  hundred  members.  Ho  toiled 
successfullv  for  the  establishment  of  an  academy. 
llis  character  was  that  of  great  excellence.  He 
was  gentle  ;  but  faithful,  bold,  and  energetic  as  a 
preacher. 

SH.VLER,  Wli.i.lAM,  died  at  Havana  ISLirch 
20, 1833,  of  the  cholera,  aged  o'>.  He  was  Amer- 
ican consul  ,»•-  H.  He  was  long  consul-general 
at  Alj^ers.     11*-   had  no  family.     He  published 

sketch   of   Algiers.  1826;  on  the   ;■  ■••uage,  etc., 
of  the  iJerbers  in  Africa,  ^n  Am.  piu.'.  irans.,  new 

series,  vol.  II.  W!'s  'li"-'  secr''ta''y  of  Cnnsul  Iviton.     In  the  next 

SHAXKLIN,  -Vnv,  Mrs.,  died  at  tne  house  of  year  he  innsued  his  .ucdical  studies  at  Mdinbnigh, 

her  grandson,  0(  orge  V>'.  Dunlop,  Washington,  j  and  in  1803  accominmied  Lord  Selkiil.  to  Canada. 

Dec.  -O.  18j0,  a"-'.d  1 16.  j  Settling  afterward.s  ul  lialtimoie,  he  was  ajipointed 

SH.\NKLIN,  J.  A.,  an  Lpiscopalian  minister,    professor   of  chemistry.      He   died  while   on  a 

died  in  Charleston,  S.  C,  in  i8')G. 
SHARP,  Danii'.i.,  D.  D.,  a  Paptist  minister  of 

]}()ston,  (lied  June  23,  18o3,  aged  00.     liorn  in 

Yorkshire,  England,  he  cauie  to  New  Y'ork  ar,  a  ;  ter,  Mass.,  died 

ineivlmnt  at  the  ago  of  19.    As  a  Baptist  minis- 1  sixtieth   year 

ter   ho  was    first   settled    in   Newark,  N.  J. ;    in  |  liridgewater,  he  graduated   at   Harvard  in  1720, 

Charles  street,  ]5ostoii,  lie  was  installed  April  20,    and  was  (,rdaln<'d  in   1731.     He  succeeded  Bcn- 

1812.     For  his  piety  and  useful  labors  forty-one 'jamin  Allen,  wh.' was  settled  in    1718;    and  was 

years  he  was  held  in  general  r.nd  high  respect  in  :  succeeded   by  /.    Sanger.      Nuidietest  was  the 

Boston.  Indian  name  of  the  town.     He  published  a  ser- 

SH.VrTUCK,  Benjamin,  first  minister  of  Lit- '  mon  at  ordination   of  JI,  Taft,  17-j2;  of  Oidies 

tleton,   Mass.,  graduated  at   Jlarvard   in  1709,  |  Shaw,  17U0. 


vovage  for  his  hea'th.     His  poems  were  pidilished 
in  one  vol.  12mo.,  ISiO. 

SHAW,  John,  second  minister  of  liridgewa- 
in  1701,  age'  aliout  84,  in  the 
f    llis   minis    v.     Born    in    F'ast 


732 


SHAW, 


SHEPARD. 


tl    Hi 


#" 


If* 


fU 


SIIAW,  "William,  D.  T>.,  diid  at  Marshfield, 
Mass.,  July  1,  IHIO,  nj^cd  7.'j.  TIio  son  of  Kev. 
John  S.,  niul  ii  {jraduatc  of  Harvard  in  1702,  ho 
was  ordained  April  2,  1700,  the  successor  of 
Thomas  Urown.  His  own  successors  have  lieen 
M.  Parris  and  Seneca  AVhitc,  who  was  installed 
in  1H38.  Mr.  S.  was  the  brother  of  Kev.  Oakes 
Shaw.  He  ])ul)lislicd  n  sermon  at  ordination  of 
J.  C.  Shaw,  17(».'{;  on  the  death  of  C.  Kobbins, 
D.D.,  at  Plymouth,  1799. 

SHAW,  Icii.\i!()i),  an  ingenious  artist,  of  Ply- 
mouth, Mass.,  died  in  1822,  aged  87  ;  a  descendant 
of  Jolin,  an  early  settler.  He  venerated  the  pil- 
grim fathers,  and  his  manners  were  simple  like 
theirs. 

SHAW,  Jerkjiiaii,  minister  of  Moultonbor- 
ough,  N.  H.,  died  in  1834,  aged  t<S.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  in  1707. 

SHAW,  PiilLAXDER,  minister  of  Eastham, 
died  Dec.  10,  1841,  aged  72.  The  son  of  Rev. 
William  S.  of  Marshfield,  he  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1702,  and  was  ordanied  in  1797.  He 
published  a  sermon  ])reached  at  Welflcct,  1803. 

SHAW,  John,  died  in  Woolwich,  Me.,  June 
C,  1843,  aged  91 ;  a  soldier  during  the  Revolution- 
ary war,  a  man  held  in  esteem. 

SHAW,  RonEKT  G.,  fii>y-six  v  ears  a  merchant 
in  Boston,  died  May  3,  1803,  aged  78.  He  was 
president  of  the  eye  and  ear  infirmary. 

SHAYS,  Daniel,  captain,  the  leader  of  the 
rebels  in  Massachusetts,  in  1787,  was  a  captain  in 
tlie  Revolutionary  war.  In  the  rebellion  ho  ap- 
peared at  Springfield  at  the  head  of  two  thou- 
sand men,  and  attempted  to  seize  the  arsenal; 
but  his  forces  were  disj)erscd  by  Gen.  Shepherd. 
He  next  assembled  a  force  at  Pelham ;  but  in 
Feb.,  1787,  Gen.  Lincoln  by  a  forced  march  sur- 
prised the  rebels  and  took  one  liundrod  and  fifty 
prisoners,  and  ])ut  an  end  to  tlie  insurrection. 
Such  was  *'.ie  lenity  of  the  government,  that  not 
a  man  was  executed.  Even  Shays,  after  hiding 
himself  a  year  or  two  in  Vermc  't,  obtained  a 
pardon.  He  removed  to  Sparta,  in  New  York. 
In  liis  old  age  he  had  a  pension  of  20  dol- 
Jars  a  month  for  his  Revolutionary  services.  He 
died  Sept.  29,  1825,  aged  85.  The  clemency 
which  he  experienced,  and  which  is  honorable  to 
Massachusetts,  made  liim  a  good  citizen. 

SHEAFE,  Samson,  died  in  1772,  aged  91. 
The  sou  of  Samson  of  Newcastle,  N.  H.,  he 
graduated  at  Harvard  ni  1702,  and  was  a  coun- 
cillor of  N.  H. 

SHEDD,  William,  a  minister  for  only  a  year 
of  Abington,  Mass.,  died  in  1830,  aged  32. 
Born  in  Mount  Vernon,  N.  H.,  he  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  in  1819,  was  ordained  as  an  evange- 
list in  1823,  and  at  New  Orleans  toiled  for  the 
benefit  of  seamen  ;  and  by  a  voyage  to  England 
obtained  aid  for  founding  the  Mariner's  church 
in  New  Orleans.     He  wrote  for  the  Spirit  of  the 


I  Pilgrims,  Canonicus,  and  a  review  of  Stuart  en 
the  Hebrews. 

SHEFTALL,  Levi,  a  respected  Jew,  died  at 
Savannah  in  Jan.,  1809,  at  an  advanced  age.  He 
had  some  agency  for  the  U.  S. 

SHELBY,  Isaac,  colonel,  the  first  governor  of 
Kentucky,  died  in  Lincoln  county  in  1820,  aged 
75.  He  was  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution  and  dis- 
tinguislied  himself  in  the  battle  of  King's  T^Iouii- 
tain  ;  also  on  the  Thames,  in  Upper  Canada,  in 
the  war  of  1812.  He  was  governor  from  1792 
to  1790,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Garrand ;  he 
also  succeeded  Scott  in  1812,  and  was  Rucccedrd 
by  Madison  in  181().  He  lost  the  use  of  his 
right  arm  by  palsy  in  1820;  and  died  of  apo- 
plexy. 

SHELDON,  Daniel,  general,  died  at  New- 
port, R.  L,  in  1^22  or  1823,  aged  71,  He  was  a 
jjatriot  of  the  Revolution,  and  many  years  major- 
general  of  the  militia. 

SHELDON,  Daniel,  Dr.,  an  eminent  phvR- 
cian  of  Litchfield,  Conn.,  died  in  1840,  aged  80. 
Born  in  Hartford,  he  studied  with  the  eccentric 
Dr.  Seth  Bird  of  L.,  and  first  practised  in  Wood- 
Ijury,  having  for  his  partner  Dr.  Seth  Hastings, 
father  of  the  celebrated  musician.  He  succce(lcd 
Dr.  Lemuel  Hopkins  in  L.,  on  his  removal  to 
Hartford.  —  Williams'  Med.  Biog. 

SHELDON,  Noaii,  minister  of  Stockbridge, 
Mass.,  died  in  1850,  aged  C8.  He  graduated  at 
Williams  college  in  1815, 

SHELDON,  Samuel,  deacon,  died  at  Suffield 
August  1,  1850,  aged  ';/9,  in  consequence  of  be- 
ing thrown  from  his  wagon. 

SHEPARD,  Thomas,  minister  of  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  died  Aug.  20,  1049,  aged  44.  He  was 
born  near  Northampton,  England,  Nov.  5,  1C05 
and  was  educated  at  Emanuel  college,  Cambridge. 
While  in  this  seminary  it  pleased  God  in  infinite 
mercy  to  awaken  him  from  his  natural  state  of 
thoughtlessness  and  sin,  to  convince  hiia  that  he 
had  been  entirely  selfish  in  his  desires  and  con- 
duct, to  inspire  him  with  holy  jirineiples,  and  to 
render  him  a  humble  disciple  of  Jesus  Christ. 
He  met  afterwards  with  many  kinds  of  temjjta- 
tions ;  but,  as  he  said,  lie  was  never  tempted  to 
Arminianism,  his  own  experience  so  perfectly 
confuting  the  freedom  of  the  will.  After  lie  left 
the  university  he  was  eminently  useful  as  a 
preacher.  His  Puritan  princi])le8  exposing  him 
to  persecution,  he  narrowly  escaped  the  pursui- 
vants, and  arrived  at  Boston  in  tliis  country 
Oct.  3,  1C35.  After  the  removal  of  Mr.  Hooker 
and  Mr.  Stone  to  Connecticut,  he  formed  a  church 
at  Cambridge,  and  took  the  charge  of  it  Feb.  1, 
1030.  Here  he  continued  till  his  death.  He 
was  succeeded  by  Mr.  MitcheB.  As  a  preacher 
of  evangelical  truth  and  as  a  writer  on  experi- 
mental religion,  he  was  one  of  the  most  distin- 
guished men  of  his  time.    It  was  on  account  of 


SIIEPAP.D. 

the  rnorgy  of  his  proarhin-j.  and  liis  vifrilnnce  hi 
ilctcctiii;,'  :iii<l  zeal  in  ()]i]ii)sMi^j  ihi'  .  rrors  (if  the 
dav,  thill  when  the  foiUKhilion  of  a  cullc^'c  was  to 
lie  laid,  ('aml)iid;^e,  rather  than  any  other  ])laci', 
was  pitchi'd  upon  ns  the  seat  of  the  Kcnilnnry. 
lie  was  the  patron  of  leariiinf,'niid  essentially  ]>ro- 
iiioteil  its  interests,  lie  was  distini,'ui>lie(l  for 
his  humility  and  Jiiety.  I'luler  heavy  alUietlons 
ho  acknowledged  that  he  deservid  nolhiii;,'  but 
misery,  and  bowed  submissive  to  the  ])ivino  will. 
]Ie  usually  wrote  his  sermons  so  early  for  the 
Sabl)atli,  that  lie  could  devote  a  jiart  of  Saturday 
to  prei)are  his  heart  for  the  solemn  and  alfection- 
ate  dist'harfje  of  the  duties  of  the  follow iii>>  day. 
lie  jiulilished  thesis  sabbatiea' ;  a  letter,  entitled 
New  ]'',n;^land's  lamentation  for  Old  I'jif;lai;d's 
errors,  Kilo;  cautions  af^ainst  sj)iritual  drunken- 
ness, a  sermon  ;  subjection  to  Christ  in  all  his  or- 
dinances the  best  means  to  preserve  our  liberty, 
to  which  is  added  a  treatise  on  ineffectual  hearinjj 
of  the  word  ;  the  sincere  convert ;  the  sound  be- 
liever, a  treatise  on  evangelical  conversion  ;  sing- 
ing  of  psalms  a  gospel  ordhiaiicc  ;  the  clear  sun- 
tihiiic  of  the  gospel  upon  the  Indians,  4to.,  164S; 
a  treatise  of  liturgies,  power  of  the  keys,  and 
matter  of  the  visible  church,  in  answer  to  Mr. 
]iall,  4to.,  1C.53  ;  the  evangelical  call ;  select  cases 
resolved  and  first  princijiles  of  the  oracles  of 
God  ;  these  were  republished,  together  with  med- 
itations and  spiritual  exjieriences,  extracted  from 
his  private  diary,  by  ]Mr.  Prince  of  Uoston,  1747  ; 
of  the  right  use  of  liberty ;  reply  to  Gauden, 
1001  ;  the  parable  of  the  ten  virgins;  the  church- 
nicrabership  of  children  and  their  right  to  bap- 
tism, 1003;  the  saint's  jewel  and  the  soul's  imita- 
tion of  Jesus  Christ,  two  sermons ;  the  four  last 
things,  4to.  —  Mather's  MagnuLiu,  III.  84-03; 
t:)pi'(iijii(''s  Annuls. 

fSIIKPAlll),  Samuf.l,  minister  of  Kowley, 
:Mass.,  died  in  1G()8,  aged  27.  The  son  of  Ilev. 
Thomas  S.  of  Cambridge,  ho  graduated  in  \GoS, 
and  was  ordained  in  IGCJ  a.s  colleague  with  Mr. 
rhilli])s.  His  wife  was  Dorothy,  daughter  of 
Kev.ll.  FHnt. 

Sin'.PARI),  Thomas,  minister  of  Charles- 
town,  Mass.,  the  son  of  llcv.  Thomas,  was  born 
in  London  April  5,  lC3ij;  was  graduated  at  Har- 
vard college  in  1G53;  and  ordained  April  13, 
Kl.j!),  as  colleague  to  Mr.  Synimes.  After  a  min- 
istrv  of  eighteen  years  he  died  of  the  small  pox 
])cc.  '22,  1G77,  aged  42.  President  Oakes  in  a 
Latin  oration  represents  Mr.  Shepard  as  distin- 
guished for  his  erudition,  jjrudence,  modesty,  and 
integritv,  as  a  strenuous  defender  of  the  ortho- 
dox faith,  and  as  holding  tlie  first  rank  among 
the  ministers  of  his  day.  lie  published  the  elec- 
tion sermon,  1G72.  In  Mather's  Magnalia  there 
is  preserved  a  pa])er  of  excellent  instructions  to 
his  son,  a  student  at  college,  who  afterwards  suc- 
ceeded liim  at  Cliarleslown  iu    1G80,  but  died 


SIIEPAim. 


733 


in  \CtHr).—  Maffnalia,  iv.,  180-202;  0,f/,r.,'  /.V. 

SllKPAItl),  Jl.ui.MIAII,  minister  of  Lynn, 
Mass.,  died  in  1720,  aged  72,  in  the  forty-second 
year  of  his  ministry.  The  son  of  l{ev.  'riionias 
of  Cambridge,  he  graduati  d  in  IGOtl.  He  first 
preached  for  a  time  in  llowlcy  and  Ipswich,  He 
was  faithful,  couriigcous,  zeah  us,  active:  of  a 
free,  generous  sjiiiit  and  cheerful  c(>nver,silion. 
He  published  a  Sort  of  believers  never  saved, 
1711  ;  election  sermon,  171  ">. 

SllKPAJtl),  Mask,  I).  ]).,  minister  of  Little 
Comjitem.  K.  I.,  died  I'lli.  14,  1N21.  ai;ed  G3. 
l!orn  in  Norton,  l;e  was  a  descendant  <if  I'homas, 
who  died  in  Milton,  171!).  He  graduated  nt 
Dartmouth  in  \'s:t,  and  was  settled  in  Seiitem- 
ber,  1787.  He  was  a  distinguished  and  success- 
ful preacher;  a  man  of  commanding  ])resencc 
and  ])«werful  voice,  addressing  the  ]ieo])le  with  a 
warm  heart,  without  any  notes.  In  his  conversa- 
tion and  conduct  he  won  the  atfeelions  of  all. 
His  chosen  theme  in  ])reaching  was  the  sovereign 
mercy  of  God.  In  one  of  several  revivals  of  re- 
ligion, he  received  in  one  year  one  hundred  and 
twenty  jiersons  into  his  church.  He  was  the 
father  of  Prof.  Charles  U.  Shejiard. —  Sprar/ne's 
Aiuuils. 

SHEPAIvD,  Sti'.I'Iii.n,  missionary  printer  at 
the  Sandwich  Islands,  died  July  G,  1834,  at  Him- 
olulu.  Porn  in  Johnstown,  N.  Y.,  he  embarked 
at  Poston  Nov.,  1827,  to  succeed  Mr.  Loomis  ns 
printer  soon  after  the  jirinting  of  Luke  was  com- 
menced. He  was  anxious  to  give  the  Scri])tiire8 
to  the  islanders;  but  ill  health  took  him  off  from 
his  labors  in  1831.  His  death  was  ]ieacci'ul  and 
joyfnl,hismindrestingon  tlic])romisesofthebibl(fc 
'sHL:PAIII),  Thomas  "\V.,  died  at  Northamp- 
ton, Mass.,  in  1843,  aged  40.  He  was  ])ostmaster, 
and  publisher  of  the  Hampshire  Gazette. 

SHEPAUD,  Mr.,  died  near  Cleveland,  about 
184G,  aged  118. 

SHEPARD,  Samuix,  D.  1).,  minister  of 
Lenox,  Mass.,  died  Jan.  4, 184G,  aged  72.  liorn 
in  Chatham.  ;:'"■•  Portland,  Conn.,  the  son  of 
Daniel,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1703.  He  lived 
at  Lenox  more  tiian  half  a  century.  His  brother. 
Deacon  Daniel  S.,  died  in  Portland,  Conn.,  in 
1850,  aj;ed  OG.  He  published  the  election  ser- 
mon, 1800  ;  at  execution  of  II.  AVheeler ;  on  fif- 
tieth anniversary  of  his  ordination,  1845.  — 
Sprof/ttc's  Annals. 

SHEPAllD,  Mkiiael,  died  iu  Salem,  Mass., 
Oct.  10,  185G.  He  had  been  forty-three  years  a 
member  of  the  first  Baptist  church  and  a  very 
exemplary  Christian.  Among  his  ways  of  doing 
good  was  the  gift  of  thousands  of  dollars  to  tho 
Newton  theological  institution  and  to  a  missionary 
society.  He  managed  most  wisely  the  i)ro]ierty 
of  many  widows  and  orphans,  securing  their 
warmest  gratitude ;  and  he  was   liberal  to  the 


784 


SIIEPIIKRI). 


SHERMAN. 


'■*: 


hi:  ^ 


m 


m^ 


poor.  ITc  wns  ever  devout ;  and  he  c ntcrod  into 
rent,  tnistinj,'  for  salviition  in  tliu  I.oril  Jesus 
Christ. 

SIIF.I'lli;il]),S\Ml-|I,\..  son  of  I«rv.  .Smnncl 
S.,  ami  tlic  minister  of  Madison,  Conn.,  died 
l^t.  30,  18")(l,  ajjed  57,  liavin;,'  Iieen  a  snccessfid 
pastor  thirty-one  >ears,  liif,'lily  esteemed.  He 
was  n  ^rllduute  of  Williams  Cdlle^re  in  ISlil.  In 
pood  licnilh,  lie  was  sii/ed  with  illness  in  the 
niornint;  and  died  in  the  afternoon. 

SlIKrill'.lUi,  l.i.vi,l)r.,di(<l  at  Xortliamjitou, 
Mass.,  in  ISO,').  lie  «as  tin  t'atlKr  of  Thomas, 
postmaster,  "ho  died  in  IHIti,  a},'ed  08. 

RHEl'IIKlll),  M'll.l.iAM,  K'-iieral.  died  at 
■\Vesllleid  Nov.  11,  1817,  af^ed  iienrlv  ^0,  heinp; 
born  Dec.  1,  1737.  He  was  the  son  of  /ieac</n 
John  S. ;  cnterini;  the  army  at  the  a}j;e  of  17,  he 
was  six  years  a  captain  under  Amherst,  from 
17.)0,  and  was  in  various  hallles,  as  of  fort  Wil- 
liam Henry,  Crown  Point,  etc.  lie  married  Sa- 
rah Dewey,  who  was  fifty-seven  years  Ids  wife. 
Entering  the  army  of  the  Ifevolmion  as  a  lien- 
tenant-colonel,  he  was  in  I7X'i  a  lirigadier-ffenc .  i' 
He  foufflit  in  twenl>-lwo  Latlles.  He  was  nnijoi- 
general  of  the  militia.  From  1797  ho  was  a 
memher  of  eonj^ress  for  si.\  years.  A  virtuous, 
good  man,  he  was  thirty-four  years  q  jirofessor  of 
relifjion  and  a  constant  attendant  U])on  jniblic 
■worship.     His  honsi;  was  a  house  of  ])rayer. 

SHEPPAKD,  .MosKs,  a  retired  merchant  of 
Charleston,  S.  C,  died  Jan.  31,  18(57.  lie;  left 
600,000  dollars  as  a  fund  for  an  insane  asylum. 

SIIEPI.EY,  John,  a  lawyer,  died  at  Saco, 
Me.,  18G7,  aijed  about  70.  There  was  a  John 
Shepley  in  Salem,  in  1030.  who  niifjht  have  been 
tiio  ancestor  of  men  of  the  name  in  New  En-,'- 
land.  He  once  lived  in  Fitchburg,  Mass.,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  legislature.  Ilemoving  to 
Maine,  he  was  a  law-])artncr  of  his  brotlier. 
Chief  Justice  lather  SIiej)ley.  lie  was  reporter 
of  the  tiiipreme  court  four  years. 

SIIEIUIAN,  Joiiv,  minister  of  Watertown, 
Mass.,  died  Aug.  8,  l(J7o,  aged  71.  He  was  born 
hi  England  in  1013,  and  educated  at  Cambridge. 
His  Puritan  ])rinci])les  induced  him  to  come  to 
this  country  in  1034.  After  being  a  short  time 
an  assistant  to  Mr.  Phillips  at  Watertown,  he  re- 
moved to  Coiniecticut,  where  he  preached  occa- 
sionally. IJnt  after  the  death  of  Mr.  Phillips  in 
1G41,  he  returned  to  AVatertown,  and  was  minis- 
ter in  that  place  till  his  death,  lie  was  succeeded 
by  John  B.iiley.  Ilesides  be'  „  a  distinguished 
divine,  Mr.  .Sherman  was  an  eminent  mathema- 
tieian,  and  ])ul)lished  a  mmiber  of  almanacs,  to 
which  pious  reflections  were  added.  Though  he 
was  a  very  humble  man,  in  his  j)reaching  there 
was  an  unatt'ected  loftiness  of  style,  and  his  dis- 
courses were  enriched  with  figures  of  oratory. 
He  was  twice  married,  having  by  his  first  wife  six 


children,  and  twenty  by  his  last.  —  Muynalin, 
III.  lO'-'-lO."). 

SIIEU.M.\N,  JosiAll,  minister  of  Woburn, 
Mass.,  died  in  1780,  aged  about  05.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Princeton  in  1754.  He  was  the  brother 
of  Roger  Sherman  of  Connecticut.  His  ]>r(de- 
ccssors  were  T.  Carter,  Jabcz  Fox,  John  Fox,  l". 
Jackson. 

SHERMAN,  RoGnn.  senator  of  the  Fnitrd 
States,  died  July  23,  1793,  aged  72.  He  was  r 
descendant  of  Capt.  John  S.,  who  lived  in  Wa- 
tertown,  Mass.,  in  1037,  and  was  a  rejiresentativo 
in  1003;  he  was  born  ot  Newton,  Moss.,  Ajiril 
19.  1721.  His  father,  William  S.,a  farmer,  conkl 
giv  him  no  odvantages  for  education,  excepting 
til.  .e  of  a  common  school.  Yet  wos  he  eager  in 
the  i)nrsnit  of  knowledge.  Apprenticed  to  a 
shoemaker,  he  often  had  a  book  open  before  him 
while  at  work  on  his  seat.  The  care  of  a  numer- 
ous family  devolved  on  him  on  the  death  of  his 
father  in  1741.  He  kindly  Jirovided  for  his  mother, 
and  assisted  two  brothers,  aftervards  ministers, 
to  obtain  an  education.  He  remi  ed  in  1743  to 
New  !Milford,  Conn.,  carrying  his  tools  upon  his 
back.  He  soon  relinquished  his  trade  and  bo- 
eam(  li  e  partner  of  nn  elder  l)rother,  a  countrv 
mere;)'' it  at  New  Milford.  In  1745  he  was  np- 
ji- minted  comity  surveyor.  Having  acquired  a 
competent  knowledge  of  the  law,  ho  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1754.  In  the  following  year  he  was 
ip])ointed  a  justice  of  the  peace ;  he  was  also 
chosen  a  representative  in  the  legislature,  and  a 
deacon  in  the  church.  Removing  to  New  Haven 
in  1701,  he  was  in  1700  chosen  an  assistant  nf 
the  colony,  and  ajipointed  a  judge  of  the  superior 
court,  which  office  he  held  for  twenty-three  vears. 
lie  was  a  member  of  the  first  congress  in  17T-1, 
and  continued  a  member  nineteen  years  till  his 
death.  He  was  one  of  those  who  signed  the 
act  of  independence  in  1770.  During  the  \v,ir 
he  was  a  member  of  the  governor's  council 
of  safety.  After  the  adoption  of  the  consti- 
tution of  the  United  States,  of  the  convention 
for  framing  which  he  was  a  conspicuous  mem- 
ber, he  was  elected  a  representative  to  con- 
gress. Being  chosen  a  senator  in  1791,  he  con- 
tinued in  this  station  till  his  death.  Ry  two  wives 
he  had  fifteen  children.  Jeremiah  Evnrts  mar- 
ried a  daughter.  His  son,  Roger,  died  March  "i, 
1856,  aged  88,  the  oldest  man  in  New  Ilavcn. 
His  talents  were  solid  and  useful ;  his  judgment 
unfailing.  Mr.  Macon  said  of  him :  "  Roger 
Sherman  had  more  common  sense  than  anv  man 
I  ever  know."  Mr.  Jefferson  pointed  him  out  as 
a  man  "  who  never  said  a  foolish  thing  in  his 
life."  He  was  eminently  a  self-taught  man.  Few 
young  men  can  reach  the  iH)liiieal  distinction  of 
Roger  Sherman  ;  all  ma\  |)ossess  his  integritv, 
and    industry,   and  love  of  scienc*    K»d  truth. 


Miirti.r.Y.  7;i5 

SIIII'MAV.  N'ATiiwn  I,  iu(l;,'c,  <l!f.(l  III  Xor- 
widi,  Conn.,  .Inly  11,  is.i;!,  n^'cd  !S!i;  a  luncli  rc- 
s|i(c-l('il  cilizi'n.  Ill'  li(t:nn(  ii  inciulnT  of  iho 
chunli  seven  Vcn-M  licl'urc  liU  di'nili,  and  lir  dlfd 
in  jieacc.  His  only  ^on,  'I'.  I,.  Sliipnian,  wiis  then 
a  niinislcr  of  Jewetl  cliy. 

SlIll'I'l'N',  I'.nWAHIi,  one  of  llic  lir-t  --fllU'rs 
of  I'cnnNvlvania,  was  a  native  of  I'.ni'l md,  and  ii 


siir.itM.w. 

iruvinp;  nmdo  a  pnlilie  ]jrofession  of  rcli^'ion  at  ' 
the  a"-e  of  twenty-one,  lie  was  never  aslianied  to 
iidviicate  the  Jieenliar  doetrines  of  llie  ;;os|)el, 
whiili  are  often  so  nnwele(>nie  to  men  of  worldly 
eniiiieiice.  Hit*  sentiments  were  derived  from  the 
rtord  of  (i'ld  and  not  from  the  exertions  of  his 
own  reason.  In  the  relations  of  private  life  lie 
■.ecnnd  esteem  and  alfeetion.  —  < iiiiidi-icli. 

Slll'.KMAN,  Naiiiami;!.,  minister  of  Moimt  !  mend)er  of  the  soeiety  of  Triends.  lie  came  to 
Carinel,  Conn.,  died  in  1T!I7,  a;;ed  7  I.  Horn  in  Ma^^achnsetts  to  avoid  perseention,  and  settled 
Xewto:i,  Mass.,  he  fi;radnated  at  rrinceton  in  at  Huston  as  early  as  10'i!»,  lint  persecution  drovo 
IT.'iIJ;  was  pastor  at  Hedford  from  17JGtol7G7|  liim  thence  to  I'ennsylvania,  in  which  colony  ho 
and  was  installed  at  M.  C.  in  17(i.S.  was  speaker  of  the  house  of  assenilily,  and  mem- 

Slll'.UM-VN,  John,  minister  of  Mansfield, '  her  of  the  ^;ov(vnor's  council.  He  was  also  the 
died  at  Trenton,  X.  Y.,  in  KSliS,  n-jed  ahont  .J4.  first  may(n-  of  ]'liiladel|;liia.  His  descendants 
A  Uraiulson  of  HiiJ,n'r  Sherman,  and  a  f,'raduate  have  been  jirrsons  of  distinction  to  the  present 
of  Yale  ill  1702,  lie  was  settled  in  1797   in  the  |  day.  —  Milli'r,u.  WW. 

sontli  iiarish  of  M.  Soon  in  a  revival  many  were  j  SHII'IM'.X,  AVii.i.iam,  Dr.,  a  iihysieian  of 
added  to  his  chnrch.  In  liis  religions  o])ini(nis  ,  I'liilailclphia,  died  in  ISOl,  a^jed  W).  lie  was 
lie  hecame  anll-trinitarian,  lirst  adoptinjj:  A\'atls'  born  In  1'.;  and  was  one  of  the  fonnders  of  the 
scheme,  then  bccomiiif^  an  Arian,  next  a  Socinian.  '  collei^o  of  New  Jersey,  and  a  vahiable  member 
lie  was  dismissed  by  a  ministerial  council  in  180.3.  |  for  seventy  years  of  the  Presbyterian  church. — 
He  published    one   God    in   one   jierson    only,    Tliiirlitr'n  Mnl.  [lior/. 

wliicli  was  answered  by  I).  Dow;  also  statement  SIIIPI'EN',  Edwauu,  LT..  D.,  chief  justice  of 
of  his  diHiculties.  Judge  Vanderkemp  answered  Pennsylvania,  a  descendant  of  I'.dward  S.,  re- 
Mr.  Dow  ;  and  Mr.  AVelsh  answered  the  state- .  ceived  this  appointinent  in  1709,  but  resijjned  it 
],jcnt.  i"  I'd).,  ISOO.     He  died  April  l.'j,  1S()(J,  afjed  77. 

.SIIKKMAX,  David  A.,  died  in  Kacinc  county,  I  SIIIl'PKN,  William.  M.  D.,  first  professor 
Wisconsin,  Dee.  4,  IHl.'i,  aged  Oil.  Horn  in  Xew  'of  anatomy  in  the  university  of  Pennsylvania,  died 
Haven,  he  graduated  in  IKO'J,  and  was  six  years  j  ut  Oermantowii  July  11,  ISOS,  aged  74.  Hewas 
a  tui<n-  ill  the  college;  afterwards  lie  was  the  i  a  descendant  of  I'.dward  S.,  and  was  graduated 
president  of  a  college  in  Kast  Tennossee,  and  a  '  at  the  eollcg*  in  Xew  Jersey  in  17.'>4.  The  son 
missionary  in  AVisconsin.  :  of  Dr.  AVilliam  S.,   after  studying   medicine  for 

SllKUMAX,  PiOGKll  MlNO'iT,  juilge,  died  in  some  time  in  Philadelpliia,  he  comjileteil  his 
Fairlield,  Conn.,  Dec.  30,  1.S44,  aged  71.  lie  '  medical  education  at  I'.dinburgh.  After  his  re- 
was  horn  in  Woburn,  Mass.;  the  son  of  Rev.  i  turn  he  commenced  in  1704  a  course  of  lectures 
Joslah  and  the  nejihew  of  lloger  Sherm.an,  and  on  anatomy  at  Phila.lelpliia,  which  were  tlie  first 
irradiiated  at  Yale  in  1702.  As  a  lawyer  he  was  ever  ))ronounced  in  the  new  world.  l!eing(nieof 
eminent  in  Xorwalk  and  I'airlield.  He  was  a  1  the  founders  of  the  medical  school,  he  was  a]i- 
indge  of  the  suiierior  court,  from  ISlOto  1842.  j  iiointed  professor  of  anatcnny  in  17(1.3.  He  liad 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Hartford  convention  in  |  to  struggle  with  many  diilicitlties,  and  his  life  was 
1814.  He  united  the  enibellislinieiits  of  litera-  Uomctimes  endangered  by  a  mob  in  consequence 
tare  and  science  and  the  graces  of  Christianity,  i  of  liis  dissections.  But  he  lived  to  see  the  in.sti- 
llis  wife  was  I'.lizabctli,  daughter  of  Dr.  AVilliam  tution  divided  into  five  branches,  all  of  which 
Gould  of  Hraiiford  and  Xew  Haven.  !  were  snjijilied  with  able   iirofessors,  his  own  ]m- 

SllHHMAX,  JosLi'il,  LI,.  1).,  president  of  !  Jiils,  and  become  a  rival  to  the  meuical  .school  at 
Jackson  college,  Teiin.,  died  in  1849,  aged  49 :  1  Kdinbuigh.  Instead  of  the  ten  students,  whom 
a  "laduate  of  Howdoin  in  182G.  |  he  first  addressed,  he  lived  to  address  two  hun- 

'f5l  IKK  WOOD,  Uki  I!i;n,  D.  D.,  an  Episcopa- j  died  and  fifty.  About  the  year  1777  he  was  ap- 
liaii  minister,  died  at  llyde  Park,  X.  Y.,  in  1800,  j  pointed  director-general  of  the  medical  depart- 
.i„(,,;  (J7_  I  ment  in   the  army  of  the  I'liiied  IStates,  in  the 

''Mn':W,  Joi  I,  died  at  Oyster  Hay,  Long  Isl-  |  liln'e  of  Dr.  Morgan.     The  (h'atli  of  an  only  son 


and,  Oct.  0,  180J.  An  eminent  water-cure  doctor, 
he  died  of  the  dropsy. 

SlllNI',,  I)A:ai:L,  a  Metliodist  minister,  died 
at  l.ouisburg,  X.  C,  in  1829,  aged  02. 

SIIIPIIKKD,  John  J.,  dievl  Sept.  10,  1840, 
at  Walton,  Michigan,  aged  42.  He  had  been  a 
minister  at  Elyria.  He  was  the  projector  and 
fou'.uler  of  Oberliii  institute  and  colony. 


1708  caused  an  almost  entire  abandonment  of 
his  duties  as  a  practitioner  and  lecturer;  but  he 
partially  recovered  liis  sjiirits  and  delivered  a 
course  of  lectures  in  1807.  As  a  demonstrator 
of  anatomy  and  a  physician  he  was  very  distin- 
guished. He  resigned  his  jirofessorsliip  in  1800 
into  the  hands  of  his  colleague.  Dr.  Wistur. 

SHIRLEY,  William,  governw  of  Massacho- 


736 


SHORT. 


SHUTE. 


RettH,  died  (if  Iloxlmry  in  1771,  ngpd  CO  or  70. 
lit'  wiiH  n  imtiv(>  of  I',nf{lniul,  and  wan  Iircd  to 
the  Inw.  After  Jiis  nrrival  nt  IJo.Hton  al»out  llie 
year  ll'M,  lie  practised  iti  liis  iirofession  till  lie 
received  his  cDmtniNHion  as  governor  in  1741,  in 
the  place  of  Mr.  I>1o1ut.  He  |)lanncd  (lie  siic- 
ccssful  expedition  nffiiinHt  Cajie  Ureton  in  1745; 
hiif,  while  his  enterjuijiin^  spirit  doserves  coni- 
liiendution,  some  of  liis  schemes  did  not  indicate 
much  skill  in  the  arts  of  navi}j;ation  and  war.  He 
went  to  riiiffland  in  174.5,  le.avinjf  S|)enccr  l'hi])])N, 
the  lioiitenant-fjovernor,  commander-in-chief,  hut 
returned  in  I7.j;j.  In  17.J4  hu  lu^ld  a  treaty  with 
the  ea.stcrn  Indians,  and  ex|)lored  the  Kennehec, 
erecting  two  or  three  forts.  In  \1')'),  heingcom- 
mnrider-in-chief  of  the  I)riti.sh  forces  in  America, 
he  planned  an  expedition  ngniiiNt  Niagara,  and 
proceeded  himself  as  far  as  Oswenjo.  In  June, 
17.3(>,  he  was  sujjcrseded  in  the  command  of  the 
army  hy  Aiiereromhie.  lie  emharkcd  for  Kng- 
land  in  Se|)teml)er,  and  wn.s  succeeded  hy  Mr. 
Pownall.  After  huvin;^  lieen  for  a  number  of 
year?  provernor  of  one  of  the  IJahama  islands,  he 
returned  to  Mas.sachusetts.  Though  he  licid  sev- 
eral of  the  most  lucrative  offices  within  the  gift 
of  the  crown  in  America,  yet  ho  loft  no  jirojierty 
to  his  children.  The  abolition  of  thi'  jiajier  cur- 
rency was  owing  in  a  great  degree  to  his  firmness 
and  perseverance.  His  pcnetrati.ju  "nd  unre- 
mitting industry  gained  him  a  higli  reputation. 
But  it  was  thought,  that,  as  a  military  oflicer,  he 
was  not  suflicienlly  active  in  seizing  the  moment 
for  success.  During  his  administraaon  Li'ngland 
learned  the  im])ortiince  of  this  country,  and  the 
colonists  learned  to  fight,  and  thus  were  trained 
for  the  mighty  contest  which  in  a  few  years  com- 
menced. His  instructions  to  Peppercll,  with  a 
full  account  of  the  expedition  against  Louir.burg, 
tiro  ])reserved  in  the  first  volume  of  the  historical 
collections.  lie  published  Klectra,  a  tragedy,  and 
birth  of  Hercules,  a  masque,  17Go. 

.SHOUT,  \V  ILLIAM,  died  in  Philadelphia  Dec. 
5,  IHiJO,  aged  91.  A  native  of  Virginia,  a  class- 
mate at  college  with  Judge  Marshall,  in  1774  he 
was  secretary  of  lege 'ion  under  Jefferson  to 
France.  Under  the  j)resent  constitution  he  was 
the  first  citizen  nominated  to  a  ])iiblic  office,  hold- 
ing a  commission  from  Washington  as  charge  to 
the  French  republic;  and  by  him  was  appointed 
minister  at  the  Hague,  and  to  Spain.  His  State 
papers  were  written  with  great  research  and  clear- 
ness. 

SHOSIIAXIM,  the  last  sachem  of  the  Nash- 
away  Indians,  joined  Pliilij)  in  his  war.  He  was 
taken  jirisoner  and  executed  at  Boston. 

SHOVE,  GixiitOE,  minister  of  Taunton,  died 
in  1687,  aged  about  42.  Born  in  Dorchester,  he 
was  ord:iined  in  IGOo. 

SHO\'E.  Seth,  the  first  minister  of  Danoury, 
Coim.,  died  in  17l3u,  aged  about  68.    He  woh  the 


I  son  of  flfiT.  Oeorge  S.  ;  gradufHrd  at    Harvard 

I  in  10N7;  and  was  settled  in  1(;!)7. 

'  Slini'.VK,  Hr.NUY  M.,  died  in  St.  Louis  Murrh 
(!.  IH.'il  ;  for  forty  years  identified  with  western 
navigation.     He   invented  the   rtenni    nnagboat 

,  and  was  superintend*>nt  of  western  river  improve- 
ments. —  llriniicrdlir  Iterii'ir. 

j  SHUIiUIf'K.  IiiMNi:,  lieutenant  in  the  navy, 
'  died  at  Plilladeljjhia  in  1K40.  aged  .'i'J.  He  was 
!  a  native  of  South  r'arolina,  and  was  diMtingiiishcd 
j  in  various  actions  in  the  war  of  1812. 
[  SHUCK,  i:i,i/\  O.,  wife  of  J.  L.  Shuck,  Dap- 
I  tist  missionary  in  China,  died  in  \K)\.  aged  'IH. 

SHULTZ,  .loiiN  \.,  governor  of  I'ennsylvanin, 
died   in   Lancaster  in    1H,j2,   aged  HO.     He  was 
I  chosen  governor  in  1H23  and  1820. 
I      SHURTLl'.FF,  Wir,i,i.\.M,  minister  of  Ports, 
moiilli,  died  May  !),  1747,  aged  about  00.     Horn 
■  in  Plymouth,  Mass.,  he  was  graduated  at  Hiirvard 
in  1707;  ordained  at  New  Castle  in  1712.  and  re- 
moved in  I7i'J2;  installed  in  the  south  jjarish  of 
Portsmouth  Feb.  21,1733,  as  successor  of  .Mr. 
I'^mersou  ;  he  v.ns  followed  by  Job  Strong.     Ilo 
was   a  faithful    minister.     In    1742    there  were 
added    to   his   church   sixty-three  ],ersons.     Ho 
jniblished  these  sermons:  at  the  ordination  of 
N.    Morrill,   1720;    on    the   sufferings  of  ship, 
wrecked  mariners ;  at  ordination  of  N.  Cookiu; 
on  the  execution  of  two  persons,  1739  ;  at  a  lec- 
ture in  Boston,  1741  ;  account  of  the  revival  at 
Portsmouth  in  Christian  history  ;  a  letter  to  his 
brethren  refusing  to  admit  AVhitefield  into  their 
pulpits. 

SHURTLEFF,  Bkxjamin,  M.  D.,  died  nt 
Boston  April  12,  1847,  aged  71.  A  graduate  of 
Brown  university  in  1790,  he  was  a  physician  iu 
extensive  and  successful  practice. 

SHUTE,  S.VMUIX,  governor  of  JIassachui-elts, 
died  in  1742,  aged  80.  He  was  the  son  of  nii 
eminent  citizen  of  London.  His  mother  was  (lie 
daughter  of  Mr.  Caryl,  a  dissenting  minister  of 
distinction.  His  early  educatior.  was  under  the 
care  of  Charles  Morton.  From  London  he  was 
sent  to  Leyden,  and  afterwards  he  ei  tered  the 
army  of  King  William,  served  undci-  Marlbo- 
rough, and  became  a  heuteuant-cohinel.  He  was 
wounded  in  one  of  the  principal  battles  in  Fkin- 
ders.  Arriving  at  Boston  as  governor  Oct.  1, 
1710,  in  the  place  of  Dudley,  he  conti.iued  in 
office  a  little  more  than  six  years.  He  emliaikrd 
Jan.  1,  1723,  on  his  return  to  England,  with  com- 
plaints against  the  province.  Governor  liiiriu't 
succeeded  him.  During  his  admhiistrali<iii  he 
maintained  a  warm  controversy  with  the  house 
of  re])resentatives.  lie  endeavored  in  vain  to 
jirocure  a  fixed  salary,  an  object  which  Dudley 
had  sought  without  effect.  His  right  o"  negativ- 
ing the  speaker  was  denied,  and  his  jjoivers  ns 
commander-in-chief  were  assumed  by  the  lioiii-e. 
Iu  cousequcucc  of  his  compiaiuts  an  explanatory 


8IIUTE. 


SK  I'.NONDOU. 


737 


cliiirter  was  ])rociircd  in   1721,  which  confirmed  j  liculth  cnrriiil  him   to  C'oiicoril,  the  place  of  hi« 
the  fjovfi'iior  in  Ihi-  rights  lor  whitii  he  hud  con-  j  dciitli. 

tciidi'd.     lU'dii'din  I'.njjliiinl.  —  Jliilrhiit.idii,  U.  i      SIMMON'S,  CuAiii.r.s,  died  nt   North  Wrcn- 
21.J-21".  L'DS;  Mhiiit,  I.  (il.  I  tham  May  ll',  IS.'iC,  a;,'cd  .>S.     lli>  was   a  minis- 

Sill  Tl'',  l)AMi:i.,  I).  1).,  niiiiister  of  IIint,'hani,  tcr,  and  known  as  []\v  aiiihorof  Scripture  manual, 
Mass.,  died  Am;,'.  JJO,  1H{)'_>,  ajjcd  SO.  He  was  and  also  of  u  laconic  manual, 
horn  Jii'iV  1!',  1  "•-".'.  and  was  graduated  at  liar- |  SIMONUS,  1!i;nj.\min,  cohmel,  died  nt  Wil- 
vard  eollef^e  in  1711).  He  wa.s  ordained  pastor  i  liamstown  A]iril  11,  im)7,  a;{cd  !<l.  lie  was  an 
of  the  second  church  in  II.,  Dec.  10.1710.  Uy  j  early  settler,  a  soldier  nt  the  ago  of  twenty,  a 
the  failure  of  his  ui^^ht  beini,'  under  ?Iie  necessity  man  of  enterprise  and  wealth, 
of  ([uillin;,'  his  puhlic  labors,  Mr.  Whiiney  was  I  SIMI'KIXS,  .IiniN.  mim'sler  of  lirewstcr,  died 
ordained  his  colleaf,'iie  Jan.  1,  IHOO.  I'nder  the  at  Uostoii  I'eh.  'JM,  1S1;{,  a;,'ed  7.j.  A  son  of 
iniirniilies  of  a},'c  he  was  serene  and  patient.  He  Deacon  John  S.  of  IJnston,  he  graduated  at  Ilar- 
was  a  memher  of  the  convention  which  formed  vard  in  17S(),  andin  1791  was  ordained  nt  Har- 
the  constitution  of  the  United  States.  He  jnih-  wicli,  now  lirewstcr,  ns  successor  of  J.  Dunster, 
lished  artillery  election  sermon,  1707  ;  election  |  who  was  pastor  forty-three  year.s.  He  was  a 
sermon,  17GS;  on  the  death  oi'  E.  Gay,  17.S7.  j  ;;ood  scholar  and  divine,  evangelical  hut  liheral. 
SIHLEY,  M.MIK  H.,  Judge,  died  nt  Canandai-  j  I'or  some  years  he  was  in  poor  health  and  had 
gua  Sejjt.  S,  1852,  aged  00.     liorn  in  Great  IJar-    retired  from  the  ministry. 

rington,  he  .settled  in  1814  as  a  lawyer  inC.    He        SLMl'SOX,  Samsox,  a  Jew,  died  at  New  York 
sustained  various  oflices  ;  was  eloquent,  and  had    in  18.37,  leaving  50,000  dollars,  the  interest  to  bo 


applied  to  meliorate  the  condition  of  the  Jews  at 
Jerusalem,  by  ])ronioting  .\lucation  and  skill  in 
various  art.s. 

SIMS,  EDWAni)  D.,  died  suddenly  April  15, 
1845.  He  was  ])rofessor  of  E.nglish  literature  in 
the  university  of  Alabama  i  and  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  church. 

SITGREAVES,  John,  district  jiid^jo  of  North 
Carolina,  was  an  ofHccr  in  the  Revolutionary  war, 
and  a  member  of  congress  after  the  peace.  Ho 
died  at  Halifax,  X.  C,  in  March,  1802. 

SKELTOX,  Sami'kl,  one  of  the  first  minis- 
ters of  Salem,  Mass.,  died  Aug.  2, 1G34.  He  was 
a  preacher  in  Lincolnshire,  England,  and,  being 


rare  coUocjuial  powers 

SICCARY,  Dr.,  died  in  Virginia.  Mr.  Jeffer- 
lion  says  he  introduced  the  tomato  plant.  He 
maintained  that  by  eating  in  sufficient  abundance 
of  the  plant  one  need  not  die.  He  did  not  cat 
enough,  according  to  his  theory;  for  he  died, 
though  in  a  good  old  age.  He  was  a  Portu- 
guese Jew. 

SIGX.VY,  JcsEPli,  Catholic  archbishop  of  Que- 
bec, died  Oct.  3.  1850,  aged  71.  lie  was  made 
bisho])  in  1833,  and  archbishop  in  1844. 

SILLIMAN,  RoBEHT,  minister  in  Saybrook, 
Conn.,  died  hi  178G,  aged  about  70.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  in  1737.    He  was  the  first  minister 

of  New  Canaan,  about  1770,  and  went  to  S.  in  ■  persecuted  for  his  nonconformity,  came  to  this 
1774.  country  in  Jiuie,   1()29,  and  was  ordained  with 

SILLDIAX,  Gf.rsiiom,  a  Baptist  elder,  died  ,  Mr.  ll'igginson  at  Salem  August  Gth.  After  the 
in  Illinois  in  1857,  aged  73.  He  was  born  in  '  death  of  his  colleague  he  had  for  his  assistant 
AVeston,  Coini.,  and  was  one  of  the  fathers  of  the  Rogi.'r  AVilliams.  Though  strict  in  discipline,  he 
Ila])tist  church  in  the  west.  ,  was  a  friend  to  the  utirf^st  equality  of  jn-iyileges 

SILSHEE,  Xatiianiel,  died  at  Salem  July  1,  |  in  church  and  Slate.  His  fears  of  the  assump- 
1850,  aged  77.  He  was  a  successful  merchant,  tion  of  authority  by  the  clergy  made  him  jealous 
and  sustained  various  offices  ;  he  was  a  senator  1  of  the  ministers,  avIio  used  to  hold  a  meeting  once 
of  the  U.  S.  from  182G  to  1835.  a  fortnight  for  mutual  improvement.  —  Magna- 

SIMMOXS,  GlA)KGEF.,died  in  Concord,  Mass.,  1 /(Vr,  I,  10;  III.  74,70;  Saiuir/e's  Winthrop,i.  26, 
Sept.  5,  1855,  aged  41,  a  graduate  of  Harvard  in  !  31 :  Morton,  82-S();  Prince,  183-lUl  ;  Neal,  I. 
1832;  and  much  of  a  martyr  to  his  opinions  and  140,  157  ;  ///.s7.  Coll.  Vi.  244. 
utterances  concerning  slavery .  He  was  ordained  I  SKEXOXDOU,  an  Indian  chief,dicd  atOneida, 
in  1838  as  an  evangelist  in  Boston,  and  soon  was  I  New  York,  in  1810,  aged  100  or  110.  In  his 
a  minister  in  Mobile  ;  but,  offending  the  slave-  youth  he  was  very  savage  and  addicted  to  dnuik- 
holdi'rs  bv  a  sermon,  he  was  obhged  to  Hee,  eon-  enncss.  In  1755  he  was  ])reseut  at  a  treaty  made 
cealed  in  a  vessel,  —  such  are  'ho  sellish  bigotry  at  Ali>any.  At  night  bo  was  drunk,  and  in  the 
and  rullian  tyranny  of  southorr.  y'  ,ve-tnasters.  morning  he  found  himself  in  the  street,  stripped 
He  next  was  a  minister  in  Waltliani,  a  colleague  '  of  his  ornaments  and  clothing.  Indignant  at  his 
with  hi-  father-in-law,  Mr.  Ripley;  and  after-  own  folly,  he  resolved  that  he  would  never  again 
wards  in  Springfield,  as  the  successor  of  "VV.  R.  O.  ,  deliver  hiiisclf  ov  n-  to  the  jmwer  of  strong  water. 
Tcabody  ;  but  both  places  he  was  compelled  to  ;  Through  the  inst  actions  of  Mr.  Kirkland,  a  mis- 
leave  on  account  of  his  anti-slavery  p\dj)it  utter-  sionary,  he  lived  a  reformed  man  for  more  than 
ances.  lie  next  was  settled  m  Albany ;  his  ill-  j  sixty  years.  He  died  in  Christian  hope.  From 
93 


738 


RKIWF.U. 


SMIIIF.RT. 


attttclimrnt  to  Mr.  Kirkland,  he  hnd  nfton  rx- 

prt'sscd  ;i  (IcNirc  to  lie  Imriod  r  'wr  liis  niiiiistrr, 
tliiil  li<  nii;,'lit,  ns  lie  snid,  "  (i<>  tip  with  liim  iit 
the  fjrcnt  rc-uricctioli."  At  llio  npiiioncli  of 
dentil,  nfU'r  liNtciiin;?  to  the  prnycrs.  wliich  were 
read  iii  '^  licdhidc  liy  his  j,'rc'al-;;i:iiiil-diiii^dit('r, 
lie  ri']i'  i  liiH  rt.'(iticst.  Ai  coidiii;;!)- liis  corjisu 
was  (•<  )cd  to  llie  villiiffc  of  Cliiiton,  whore  he 
wiiKlmiit(i,  March  1. 'I,  with  disiiiution  ;  nii  iid- 
drcss  iM'itif,'  made  to  the  rndiniis  liy  Dr.  llacktiH, 
pri'sidi'iit  of  llaniilioii  collcf^c,  mid  intcr[)ret('d 
hy  JihIkl"  l>f'iui  of  W't'stiiiorrla.id.  After  tlic 
funeral  the  only  surviving;  koii  of  Skcnondoii  re- 
turned thanks  for  the  resjiect  nIiowu  to  his  father. 
In  jierson  he  was  tall  and  hrawny,  hut  well  made. 
IIIh  countenance  exjircssed  the  di(i;iuty  of  an  In- 
dian chief  He  was  a  hrave  and  intrei)id  warrior 
in  youth,  and  an  able  counsellor  in  a^'  .  Ho 
wtttehed  the  Canatliau  invasions  \vith  the  cunning 
of  the  fox,  and  re])elled  them  with  the  a^'ijitynnd 
fierceness  of  the  niountiiii  cat.  To  his  vij^llance 
the  inhahitaiifs  of  (Jerinn  l''lats  on  the  Mohawk 
were  indebted  for  ])n  servation  from  massacre. 
His  influence  hrou^jht  his  tril)e  to  our  assistance 
in  the  war  oftlie  llevolulion.  Among  the  Indian 
tribes  he  was  called  "  the  white  man's  friend." 
For  Hcver.il  years  lie  kept  his  dri"-s  for  tlie  grave 
l)re])ared.  He  often  went  to  Clintem  to  die,  that 
his  body  miglit  lie  near  his  Christian  teacher.  A 
short  time  before  his  death,  he  said  to  a  friend  l)y 
nil  interpreter:  "I  am  an  aged  hemlock;  the 
winds  of  .an  hundred  winters  have  whistled  tlirough 
piy  brunches ;  I  am  dead  at  the  top.  The  gener- 
ate iri  to  which  I  belonged  have  run  away  and 
kft  vie;  why  I  live,  the  (irent  Goo<l  Spirit  only 
knt,  .vs.  I'rny  to  my  Jesus,  that  1  may  hnve  jin- 
tiejn  J  to  wait  for  my  aj)pointcd  time  to  die." 

.'••KINNEll,  liiciiAUi),  governor  of  Vermont, 
i!i(  J  nt  Manchester  May  2'<i,  1833,  aged  53.  He 
was  born  at  Litchfield,  Conn.,  in  1778;  removed 
to  ^laiichester  in  1800 ;  was  a  member  of  con- 
gress in  1813;  judge  of  the  sujireme  court  in 
181G;  chief  justice  in  1817;  and  governor  in 
1820-1822.  He  was  again  chief  justice  from 
1824  to  1829.  For  his  private  worth  and  Ids 
public  services  he  was  much  respected. 

SKINNI'^ll,  Damkl,  died  in  Corinth,  Mo.,  in 
1841,  aged  OS.  JJorii  in  Mansfield,  he  served  in 
the  French  war.  Ho  .>as  a  member  of  the  Free- 
will Baptist  church,  an  exemplary  Christian.  The 
thought,  that  all  temporal  as  well  as  spiritual  good 
came  through  the  sulferings  of  Christ,  deej)ly  and 
long  afiected  him. 

SKIXNLR,  J  .UN,  Dr.,  died  at  Xew  Haven, 
Conn.,  in  18.J0,  aged  85. 

SKINNER,  John  S.,  colonel,  died  at  Balti- 
more in  1851,  aged  about  70.  Ho  was  postmas- 
ter twenty  years.  He  Avas  a  writer  on  agricul- 
ture ;  and  editor  of  the  Plough,  the  Loom,  and 
the  Anvil. 


SKINXF.R,  TitriMv*.  minister  of  Cnjchester, 
Conn.,  died  in  17<12,  iiged  ulioii*  ''.'.  lie  gradu- 
iitcd  lit  Harvard  in  1732.  ?li'  publislutl  a  ser- 
mon (III  the  dcalii  r)f  bis  wife    ITIi. 

SlvIXNF.R,  IdlAMdl)  I.oi!'  (lied  at  ItrodkJu), 
N.  Y.,  .Ian.  2!»,  1H5.',  aged  about  HO.  He  grad- 
uated at  Yale  in  1703. 

SK'VNF.R,  F.ziKiii,,  M.  1).,  a  HajillHt  minis- 
tcr  ;'i  <  iford  and  Westport,  Conn.,  (lied  in  1N,)5, 
np.i\  "...  He  made  three  voyages  to  Afiica  for 
the  benefit  oftlie  llaptist  mission  and  the  n     iny, 

KLATKR,  SaMI  i:i„  died  at  Webster,  .Mass., 
April  20,  1835,  aged  (i7.  He  was  the  father  of 
cotton  maiiufactureH  of  the  United  States.  The 
first  manufactory  built  in  this  country  was  built 
by  him  in  I'awtutket,  R.  I.  He  acquired  a  great 
estate.—  Ai'/'c  hi/  ./.  A.  Illdhc. 

SL,\TER,  ,I()llX,died  at  Slntcrvillc,  R.  I.,  Juno 
3,  1813,  aged  07.  The  beautiful  village  of  his 
name  was  liuilt  up  under  his  direction.  He  left, 
besides  that,  an  immense  estate. 

SLUYTl'.R,  RicnAni),  ministc-  of  tho  Dutch 
church  of  Claveraek,  N.  Y.,  died  in  1843,  aged  ,'>!). 
In  1H15  ho  was  settled  as  colleague  with  Mr. 
(lebhnrd  over  the  churches  of  C.  and  Hillsdale. 
He  was  horn  in  Nassau.  In  his  church  were  re- 
vivals in  1821-182.3,  1833,  1835,  1838,  1812.  lie 
received  uito  the  communion  eleven  hundred 
souls. 

SMALL,  Isaac,  died  nt  Canterbury,  N.  H..  in 

1821,  aged    101;  his   widow,  Hannah,  died  in 

1822,  aged  102. 

SMALLEY,  John,  I).  D.,  minister  of  Rerllii, 
Conn.,  died  Juno  I,  1820,  aged  nearly  80.  Ho 
was  born  in  Lebanon  Crank,  now  Columbia, 
Conn.,  in  1731,  the  son  of  Uenjamin.  His  ]ia- 
rents,  especially  his  mother,  led  him  in  the  jiatli 
of  piety.  He  graduat'-d  nt  Yale  college  in  17.jii, 
and  was  ordained  April  19,  1758.  He  was  n  dis- 
tinguished theologian  and  a  faithful  and  success- 
ful preacher.  He  published  sermons  on  natiiriil 
and  moral  inability,  1700;  eternal  salvation  not 
a  just  debt,  against  John  Murray,  1785;  concio 
ad  clerum ;  at  the  election,  1800;  sermons  on 
connecled  subjects,  1803;  sermons,  2  vols. — 
Sj)r(if/ue'.i  Anudh. 

SMALLWOOl),  Wll.l.TAM,  general,  goveriuir 
of  Maryland,  died  in  1792.  Ho  was  a])])ointed 
a  brigadier  in  1770,  and  major-general  Sept.  13, 
1780.  In  the  defeat  on  Long  Island  in  August, 
his  brigade  suffered  most  severely.  Among  tlio 
two  hundred  and  fifty  men  whom  ho  lost,  wore 
many  from  the  first  families  of  Maryland,  lie 
was  in  the  battle  of  Camden  and  in  that  of  Gcr- 
mantown  in  1777.  In  1785  he  was  a  delegate  to 
congress.  Ho  succeeded  I'aca  as  governor  in 
1785,  and  was  succeeded  hy  Howard  in  1788. 

S^IIIJERT,  John,  an  eminent  jiortrait-painter, 
died  in  1751,  aged  07.  Ho  was  born  in  Edin- 
burgh in  1G84.  .\fter  serving  his  time  as  a  house- 


<>{  till!  colony  of 
'I,  ngiil  i,\.  lie 
''  111  I.i7!>.  II.. 
'1  il,li({liU'(l 
"'  Vt  tlio  it^e 
.1  .chcl  to  ruiNc 
"  ivntely  loscii, 
]ire'iiti(.'e  to  u 


SMITH. 

pninfpr.  lie  rPi)airo<l  to  London,  nntl  thnncp  to 
Iiily,  wlii'ri-  li'-  H|)cnt  ihrrc  mmis  in  cojijinj^  Uu- 
pliai'l,  Titian,  Vandxck,  iind  IliilicnM.  ||(>  wiin 
indiii'i'd  ill  ITliS  to  cidnc  to  iWih  countiy  ;  lio  nct- 
tli'd  in  llocton,  whure  lio  married  i»  woniun  wilii 
a  rousidi'inldc  fortune,  wlimn  lit'  lift  with  two 
children  lit  liis  death.  His  son,  Nitlianiel,  a 
pninter  of  ffreat  promise,  dii  il  in  early  life.  Tlie 
jtazette  of  .May  .),  \~,'il,  mwnk^  of  liin  death.  He 
jiaintcd  .Mr.  I.ovell,  his  HchoolniaMter.  Many  of 
the  iiortruits  of  Mr.  S.  nre  regarded  an  j^ood 
J  ;iinlin;.'s.  His  head  of  Cardinal  llenti\of,'lio,  anil 
til  Dr.  Mayhew,  have  heen  commended.  At  Yiilr 
ci)lle;;e  his  lar>;c  |)aintiiij,'  of  I  Jean  llerkeley  and 
his  family  is  i)reser\ed.  Smibert  himself  is  one 
of  the  figures,  with  iin  c.\j)res  .\e  tountcnanec. 

SMITH,  JiiII-N.  the  father 
Vir^;iiii:i,  died  in  Lond 
was  horn  in  I/inecdiis! 
early  discovered  a  roi 
in  daring  nnd  extra\. 
of  thirteen  he  sold  his 
money  in  order  to  convey  in:; 
hnt  was  jirevented.  Ucing  ^ 
merchant  he  quitted  his  master  al  the  i(j,'e  ■  T  lif- 
tcen,  and  went  to  Trance  and  the  low  ccniutries. 
After  his  return  he  studied  military  history  and 
tactics,  nnd,  having  recovered  a  jmrt  of  the  estate 
which  his  lather  left  him,  he  was  enabled  to  set 
out  again  on  his  travels  at  the  ago  of  Hcventeen, 
in  a  better  condition  than  before.  Having  cm- 
biii  ked  at  Marseilles  for  Italy  with  some  [lilgrims, 
a  temiicst  obliged  them  to  anchor  near  a  small 
island  oif  Nice.  As  hi.s  comjjanions  attributed 
their  unfavorable  voyage  to  the  jiresenceof  .Smith, 
they  threw  the  heretic  into  the  sea  ;  Init  by  swim- 
ming he  was  enabli  d  to  reach  the  shore.  After 
going  to  Alexandria,  he  entered  into  the  service 
of  the  emperor  of  Austria  against  the  Turks.  IJy 
his  exploits  ho  soon  obtained  thccommandof  two 
hundred  and  fifty  horsemen.  At  the  siege  of 
llegal  the  Ottomans  sent  n  challenge,  |)urj)orting 
that  tho  lord  Turbisha,  to  divert  the  ladies,  would 
fight  any  captain  of  the  Christian  troojjs.  Smith 
accepted  it,  and,  meeting  his  antagonist  on  horse- 
back in  view  of  the  ladies  on  the  battlements, 
killed  him  and  bore  away  his  head.  A  second 
antagonist  met  the  same  fate.  Smith  then  re- 
quested, that,  if  the  ladies  wished  for  more  diver- 
sion, another  champion  might  ajjpear.  His  head 
was  added  to  tho  number  of  the  others,  though 
Smith  narrowly  escajicd  losing  his  own.  He  was 
afterwards  taken  prisoner  ;  but  by  killing  his  ty- 
rannical master  ho  csca])ed  into  Kussia.  A\'hen 
he  returned  to  England,  he  formed  the  resolu- 
tion to  seek  adventures  in  North  America.  Hav- 
ing persuuded  a  number  of  gentlemen  in  HiOO  to 
obtain  a  patent  of  soutli  Virginia,  he  engaged  in 
the  expedition,  which  was  fitted  out  under  the 
command  of  Christopher  Newport,  and  arrived 


HMITH. 


730 


with  the  first  rmigranlx,  who  made  a  p<  rmnnent 
Mitliiiuiil,  in  the  (  his.ii.iiKc,  .\pril  Jii.  lilliT.  A 
colony  was  begun  at  Jiiminlowii,  and  the  govern- 
ment was  in   the  hands  of  n  i.iuncil,  of  which 
Smith  wasa  miniber.     Wlivn  Newport  nturned. 
more  tlian  oiif  Inindred  persons  wt're  U-fl  in  Vir- 
ginii.     'I  i,ry  woiiM  ha\e  pi-ri-hcd  wiili  hunger 
but  for  the  exertioiiv  of  .Sniitli  in  |ir>iciiriiig  corn 
of  the   Indians.     When    he  coulil   not  etlect  lii« 
olyect    by  purchase,  he   resorted  to  force.     He 
once  kcized  lln»  Indian  idol,  Okce,  nmde  of  skins 
stullid  with  moss,  fur  the  redenipliim  of  which  as 
niiK  II  corn  was   bripughl   to   him   as   he  required. 
While  e\|)loring  the  Chickaliomiiiy  river   he  waH 
tiikiii  prisoner,  alter   having  killed  with  his  own 
hand  lliieeof  the  enemy.     He  was  can'  •'  'o  th*} 
cmpercH' I'owhatan,  who  received  bin,      ■■    ■  '  in 
a  robe  of  raccoon  skins,  and  M'ale('  •  v  '  i,.   ,1  ,f 
throne,  with   two  beautiful   girls     '       i!:;i  •;,.tr.(i, 
near  liini.     Aflira  long  consultii. 'on  ,\.      ''I'gu 
stones   were  broiighl  in,  aiul  his  head  was  laid 
upon  one  of  them.     .\t  this  niomini,  when  tho 
war-dubs  were  liited  to  d'  natch  him,  roeahontas, 
the  king's   favorite  daiiglitei,  shielded  him   from 
the  blows,   and  by  her  eiitri.ilies  saved  his   life. 
He  was  sent  to  Junicstowii,  where,  by  his  resolu- 
tion,   address,   aiid   industry,  he    prevented    tho 
abandininient  of  the  plantation.     In  KidS  he  ex- 
jjlored  the  whole  country  from  Cajie  Henry  to 
the  river  Susciueliaiuiah,  sailing  about  three  lliou- 
saiiil  miles.     On  his  rclnni  he  drew  a  map  of  tho 
bay  and  rivers,  from  wliieh  siiltsi'qiii'iit  maps  have 
been  eliiclly  copied.     In   this  year,  uhen   he  was 
president  of  the  council,  by  his  severity  and  his 
example   he   rendered  the  colonists  exceedingly 
industrious.     Il  hapiiened,  however,  that  tin.' blis- 
tered hands    of   si'vcral   young  gentlemen,  who 
had  known  better  limes  in  I'.ngland,  called  1  .rth 
lre(pient   expressions  of  impatience  and  iirol.me- 
ncss.     Smith  caused  thi'  number  of  every  man's 
oaths  to  bo  noted  daily,  and  at  inght  as  many 
cans  of  water  to  be  jxinrcd   inside   his   sleeve. 
This  di.scipliiu!  so  lessened   the  number  of  oaths, 
that  scarcely  one  was  heard  in  a  week,  and  it 
l)erfeclly  restored  the  Kiibjecis  of  it  to  good  hu- 
mor.    In  !()()!»,  being  much  injured  by  an  cxido- 
sion  of  gunpowder,  he  returned  to   Mngland  for 
the  bcnelit  of  medical  assistance.     In    l(ill  ho 
ranged  the  coast  of  v.hal  was  then  calleil  north 
Virginia,  from  I'enobseot  to  Cape  Cod,  in  an  o])cn 
boat  with  eight  men.     On  his  return  he  formed  a 
map  of  the  country,  and  desired  I'rince  Charles, 
afli.'rwards  the  royal  martyr,  to  give  it  a  name, 
liy  him  it  was  for  the  first  time  called  New  Kng- 
land.     l''or   all    his   services   and   sutl'erings  ho 
never  received  any  recompense.     He  published 
the  sixth  voyage  made  to  Virginia,  UiOfi;  the  first 
voyage  to  New  Kngland  with  the  old  and  new 
names,   1011;  a   relation  of  his  second  voyage, 
1G15  J  desciiptiou  of  New  Knjjland,  1017  ;  New 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


11.25 


iM    111112.0 


1.4 


1.6 


♦4 


V 


V] 


^^i>^ 

^^^'C/ 


^^w 


4V 


'^' 


Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)872-4303 


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SMITH. 


SMITII. 


England's  trials,  dcclnring  the  success  of  twenty- 
six  Hhi])H,  cm])lojTd  thitliiT  within  these  six  years, 
etc.,  1020;  the  f^eneral  history  of  V'irfjinia,  New 
England,  !<nd  the  Summer  Isles,  with  tiie  names 
of  the  adventurers,  etr.,  from  1.381  to  1C2C,  also 
the  maps  and  descrijitions  of  all  those  countries 
in  six  books,  folio,  HJ27  ;  his  frieiul,  Mr.  I'urchas, 
had  published  in  his  pil>,'rims  most  of  the  narra- 
tive part  before  ;  the  true  travels,  adventures,  and 
observations  of  Cajjlain  John  Smith  in  Europe, 
Asia,  Africa,  and  America,  from  1G03  to  1C29, 
folio,  ICiO;  2d  edit.,  2  vols.,  8vo.,  llichmond, 
1819;  this  is  preserved  entire  in  Churchill's  col- 
lections ;  advertisements  for  the  inexperienced 
planters  of  New  England,  4to.,  IGS'^V  —  Smith's 
Travels;  Tldknap's  Amcr.  Bioy.,  I.  240-319. 

SMITH,  ItAi.i'ii,  the  first  ordained  minister  of 
Plymouth,  Mass.,  died  at  Uoston  in  1002.  lie 
was  pastor  from  1029  to  lG3o.  Elder  Brewster 
had  previously  officiated  as  the  religious  teacher, 
although  he  did  not  administer  the  ordinances. 
He  graduated  at  Cambridge,  England,  in  1013, 
and  John  Kayner  succeeded  him  at  Plymouth. 
In  1645  he  was  called  to  preach  in  Manchester, 
Cape  Ann.  —  Sprague's  Annals. 

SMITII,  IlEXUY,  minister  of  Wcthcrsfield, 
Conn.,  died  in  1048,  aged  91.  lie  was  bom  in 
1557,  the  first  of  fifteen  children. 

SMITII,  JosEPii,  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  married 
in  1050  Lydia,  daughter  of  Rev.  E.  Huit,  and 
was  the  father  of  Joseph,  who  removed  to  Iladley 
in  1680,  and  was  the  ancestor  of  Rev.  Ethan 
Smith.  There  lived  in  Iladley  about  the  same 
time  Philip  Smith,  a  representative  and  deacon, 
and  Samuel,  also  a  representative.  Whether 
they  were  brothers  of  Joseph  is  not  known. 

SMITH,  Caleb,  minister  of  Orange,  N.  Y., 
died  Oct.  22,  1702,  aged  38.  Horn  on  Long  Is- 
land, he  was  educated  at  Yale ;  ordained  Xov.  30, 
1748;  married  Martha,  daughter  of  Jonathan 
Dickinson.  He  published  a  sermon  on  the  death 
of  Aaron  Burr. 

SMITH,  CUARLES  Jeffeuy,  died  on.Long  Is- 
land Aug.  10,  1770,  aged  29.  He  was  found 
dead,  his  gun  by  his  side.  He  had  gone  out  a 
gunning ;  his  gun  was  so  placed,  as  if  he  had  shot 
himself.  Some  believed  he  was  murdered.  By 
some  his  death  was  ascribed  to  suicide ;  hut  his 
friends  knew  that  he  was  subject  to  a  violent  pain 
in  his  breast,  passing  to  his  head,  and  by  some  it 
was  thought  his  death  was  occasioned  by  this  dis- 
ease. He  was  ordained  as  a  missionary  at  Lebanon 
June  30,  1703.  He  was  eminent  for  his  gifts  and 
graces,  extensively  known,  and  very  useful,  espe- 
cially at  the  South.  Ho  died  in  the  prime  of  life. 
Mr.  Buell,  who  was  his  intimate  friend,  pubUshed 
a  sermon  on  his  death,  relating  to  the  mysterious 
events  of  providence.  He  was  the  only  son,  and 
inherited  the  estate  of  his  father,  who  lived  at 
Brookhaven,  L.  I.,  and  died  in  1748.    His  estate 


in  Long  Island,  in  lands  and  money,  amounted  to 
six  or  seven  thousand  pounds.  After  being  for  a 
time  with  the  Indians,  he  labored  for  the  instruc- 
tion of  slaves  in  Virginia;  and,  having ])urchaRed 
])roperty  in  that  State,  he  returned  to  Long  Is- 
land to  settle  up  his  affairs.  He  published  a 
sermon  on  regeneration,  1700. 

SMITH,  Samuel,  a  historian,  was  a  native  of 
Burlington,  N.  J.,  in  which  place  he  died  in  1770. 
He  jjublished  a  history  of  New  Jersey  from  its 
settlement  to  1721, 8vo.,  1755,  which  is  a  judicious 
compilation. 

SMITII,  WiLLMM,  chief  justice  of  the  prov- 
ince  of  New  York,  the  son  of  William  S.,  an 
eminent  lawyer  and  judge  of  the  supreme  court, 
who  died  Nov.  22,  1709,  aged  73,  was  graduated 
at  Yale  college  in  1745.  In  the  Revolution  he 
was  a  tory,  and  afterwards  chief  justice  of  Canada. 
Tie  published  a  history  of  the  province  of  New 
York,  from  the  first  discovery  to  the  year  1732, 
4to.,  1757;  2d  ed.,  1814.  A  continuation  from 
1732  to  1762  was  written  by  his  son,  William  ,S. 

SMITH,  JosiAil,  minister  in  South  Carolina, 
died  in  1781,  aged  76.  He  was  the  first  native 
of  that  province  who  received  a  literary  degree. 
He  was  born  in  Charleston  in  1704,  being  the, 
grandson  of  Gov.  Thomas  Smith,  and  graduated 
at  IIar^'ard  college  in  1725.  He  was  ordained 
in  Boston  as  minister  for  Bermuda  July  11, 1726, 
and  ifterwards  became  minister  of  Cainhoy,  and 
j)astor  of  the  Presbyterian  church  in  Charleston. 
Having  become  a  prisoner  of  war  at  Charleston, 
he  was  sent  on  parole  in  1781  to  Philadelphia, 
where  he  died.  He  maintained,  in  the  early  part 
of  his  ministry,  a  learned  disputation  with  Hugh 
Fisher  on  the  right  of  private  judgment.  He 
published  a  sermon  at  his  own  ordination ;  the 
Spirit  of  God  a  holy  fire,  1727  ;  the  duty  of  pa- 
rents to  instruct  their  children,  1727  ;  the  j-oung 
man  warned ;  Solomon's  caution  against  the  cu]), 
1729;  human  impositions  proved  unscriptural ; 
answer  to  a  sermon  of  Hugh  Fisher ;  the  divine 
right  of  private  judgment,  1730;  on  the  preach- 
ing of  Mr.  Whitefield,  1740;  on  the  death  of 
Hannah  Dart,  1742 ;  letters  to  W.  Cooper,  1743 ; 
Jesus  persecuted  in  his  disciples;  zeal  for  God 
encouraged  and  guarded,  1745;  a  volume  of 
sermons,  8vo.,  1752;  the  church  of  Ephesiis 
arraigned,  the  substance  of  five  short  sermons 
contracted  into  one,  1705.  —  Sprague's  Annals. 

SMITH,  Aaron,  minister  of  Marlborough, 
Mass.,  died  in  1781,  aged  about  67.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  in  1735 ;  was  ordained  in  1740 ; 
was  dismissed  for  iii  health  in  1778. 

SMITH,  William,  minister  of  Weymouth, 
died  in  1783,  aged  77.  Born  in  Charlestown,  he 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1725,  and  was  settled  in 
1734.  Among  his  predecessors  were  J.  Hull  and 
T.  and  P.  Thacher.  His  successor  was  J.  Nor- 
ton.   His  wife  was  Elizabeth,  the  datighter  of 


SMITII. 


SMITII. 


741 


Col.  John  Qiiincy  of  Mount  Wollaston  in  Brnin- 
trcc.  She  (lied  in  177'>,  nfjt'd  oX  IIi-  was  the 
son  of  Daniel,  who  niarrii'd  Anna  Slu'imrd,  the 
dnuKhtcr  of  Uev.  Tiiomas  S.  His  (lanj,'litcf(( 
married  distin;;uisiicd  men.  He  had  three 
daughters;  Mary,  who  married  Kiciiard  Craneli; 
Alii^ail,  who  married  Joliii  Adams  ;  and  Eliza- 
heth,  who  married  first  Kev.  John  Shaw,  and 
then  llcv.  Mr.  I'eabody.  The  following  family 
anecdotes  ore  repeated :  that  Mr.  Cranch  and 
Mr.  Adams  were  suitors  of  Mary,  and  that  the 
former,  who  was  in  good  business,  was  preferred 
1)V  Mary  and  the  family,  the  father  j)rcaching  on 
the  marriage  from  this  text,  "  Mary  hath  ch(.'sen 
that  good  part,  which  shall  not  he  taken  away." 
In  the  course  of  time,  Abigail,  who  had  a  strong 
and  cultivated  mind,  was  married  to  John  Adams, 
and,  as  the  father  asked  her  what  text  he  should 
preach  from,  she  replied,  "  And  John  came,  nei- 
ther eating  nor  drinking,  and  ye  say,  he  hath  a 
devil."  Slie  lived  to  sec  her  chosen  one  chosen  by 
the  people  the  president  of  the  United  States. 

SMITII,  TuoM.\S,  minister  of  Pembroke,  Mass., 
died  in  1788,  aged  83.  Born  in  Barnstable,  he 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1724,  and  succeeded  in 
17.54  Daniel  Lewis,  the  first  minister,  who  was 
ordained  in  1707. 

SMITII,  Robert,  D.  D.,  minister  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, died  about  178j,  aged  62.  He  was  born 
of  Scotch  ])arents  in  Londonderry,  Irelond,  about 
the  year  1723,  and  was  brought  to  this  country 
about  the  year  1730.  At  the  age  of  about  sev- 
enteen years  he  became  the  subject  of  that  Divine 
influence,  which  so  eminently  acconi])anied  and 
blessed  the  preaching  of  Mr.  Whitefield  during 
his  first  visit  to  America.  His  classical  and  theo- 
logical studies  he  pursued  under  the  instruction 
of  Samuel  Blair.  In  17(51  he  was  settled  in  the 
Presbyterian  church  at  Pequea  in  Pennsylvania, 
in  which  station  he  continued  to  officiate  with  re- 
putation and  usefulness  till  his  death.  His  wife, 
the  sister  of  Mr.  Blair,  was  intelligent  and  pious ; 
in  his  absence,  she  conducted  the  family  worship. 
Two  sons  were  physicians  and  three  ministers. 
He  was  one  of  the  most  able  theologians,  the 
most  profound  casuists,  and  the  most  successful 
preachers  of  his  age.  Soon  after  his  settlement 
he  founded  a  school  at  Pequea.  Many  young 
men,  who  have  since  filled  very  honorable  sta- 
tions in  church  and  state,  received  in  it  tiieir  clas- 
sical education.  It  was  his  care  to  instil  with  tiie 
elements  of  literature  the  principles  of  a  jjure 
and  ardent  piety.  In  the  American  preacher, 
vol  IV.,  there  are  published  three  of  his  sermons, 
entitled,  the  nature  of  saving  faith;  the  excrl- 
Iciicy  of  saving  faith;  practical  uses  from  the 
nature  and  excellency  of  sa\ing  faith. 

SMITII,  Thomas,'  first  minister  of  Portland, 
Me.,  died  May  23,  179^,  aged  93.  He  was  the 
son  of  Thomas  S.,  merchant  of  Boston ;  was  born 


Marrh  21,  1"(I2,  and  was  graduated  at  Harvard 
collc^'c  in  1720.  In  172.')  lie  went  to  I'alniouth, 
now  Portland,  a'<  tliaplain  to  tlic  tr(H)|)s  station.'d 
there,  and  jjreacher  to  the  inliabitants.  Hr  was 
ordained  Marcii  8,  1727,  the  day  on  which  a 
cinircli  was  gathered.  Thoiigli  he  received  for 
his  colleague  Mr.  Deane  in  17<)7,  he  ])reache<l  till 
the  close  of  17n4,  and  ofliciated  in  public  prayer 
till  within  a  year  and  a  half  of  his  death.  He 
renounced  all  self-deiiendcnce,  and  placed  his 
hope  in  the  mercy  of  God  through  the  merits  of 
the  Iledecmer.  He  published  a  sermon  at  the 
ordination  of  Solomon  Loml)ard  at  Gorham,  and 
a  sermon  to  seafaring  men.  —  Spraijue's  Annals. 

SMITII,  Ki.illt:  HfiiiiAUl),  a  i)hysician,  died 
of  the  yellow  fever  in  179H,  aged  27.  He  was 
born  at  Litchfield,  Conn.,  and  was  graduated  at 
Yale  college  in  1780.  After  pursuing  a  regular 
course  of  medical  studies  under  the  direction  of 
his  father,  he  conmienced  the  practice  at  AVeth- 
ersfield  in  1792,  but  removed  to  New  York  in 
1793.  Ill  1797  ho  commenced  the  medical  repos- 
itory in  conjunction  with  Drs.  Milch^'Il  and  Miller. 
At  his  early  ago  lie  had  explored  a  vast  extent 
of  .nedical  learning.  His  writings  display  singu- 
lar acutcness,  great  force  of  reasoning,  and  the 
talent  of  accurate  and  extensive  observation. 
Besides  his  medical  productions  in  the  repository, 
he  published  Kdwin  and  Angelina,  or  the  ban- 
ditti, an  opera  in  three  acts,  1797. 

SMITH,  John  Blair,  first  president  of  Union 
college  at  Schenectady,  the  son  of  Dr.  Robert  S., 
died  Aug.  22,  1799,  aged  43.  In  early  life  he 
exhibited  marks  of  uncommon  energy  of  mind. 
He  was  the  subject  of  many  ])ious  prayers,  and 
those  prayers  were  heard  in  heaven.  When  he 
was  about  fourteen  years  of  age,  it  pleased  God 
to  excite  among  the  youth  in  the  academy  at 
Pequea  a  serious  attention  to  religion.  His  mind 
was  at  this  period  deeply  impressed  by  the  truths 
of  the  gospel ;  he  was  renewed  by  the  agency  of 
tlie  Holy  Spirit;  and  in  a  short  time  ho  avowed 
himself  a  discijjie  of  Jesus.  From  the  year  1773, 
when  he  was  graduated  at  the  college  of  New 
Jersey,  he  devoted  himself  almost  entirely  to 
theological  studies,  under  the  direction  of  his 
brother,  Samuel  S.  Smith,  at  that  time  president 
of  Hampden  Sidney  college  in  Virginia.  In 
1770  he  was  settled  over  o  church  in  Virginia, 
and  at  the  same  time  he  succeeded  his  brother  as 
principal  of  the  seminary.  Here  he  was  emi- 
nently honored  by  the  Great  Head  of  the  church 
in  being  made  instrumental  in  promoting  a  gen- 
eral religious  solicitude  and  reformation  among 
the  j)eoi)le  of  his  charge  and  of  the  neighborhood. 
As  he  was  now  called  to  extraordinary  exertions, 
he  generally  preached  once  at  least  every  day, 
and  in  the  evenings  he  was  commonly  engaged  in 
religious  conversation.  His  engagements  inter- 
fering wldi  the  attention  due  to  the  college,  he 


742 


SMITH. 


SMITH. 


resifjncd  tliis  part  of  his  charge,  that  ho  mijilit  I 
{five  liiniHcir  wholly  to  the  work  of  the  Christian  ! 
ministry.  His  zeal  was  rewurdcd  hy  ihi' success  ' 
which  atteiult'd  his  labors  j  Imt,  as  his  health  was 
enfeebled,  he  was  j)ersuad(.'d  to  accept  an  invita- 
tion from  the  third  I'resbylorian  church  in  I'hil- 
adclphia,  where  he  was  installed  in  Dec,  1791. 
When  Union  coIle;;c  was  founded  in  170.3,  he 
presided  over  it  for  three  years  with  liif,'h  reputa- 
tion. Hut,  amidst  his  literary  occujiaiions,  the 
duties  of  the  sacred  office  most  warmly  interested 
him.  He  improved  every  ojiportunity  for  preach- 
ing the  gosjiel  of  his  Redeemer.  Being  again 
invited  to  his  former  charge  in  I'hiladeljjliia,  he 
returned  to  that  city  in  May,  1799.  His  succes- 
sor in  the  care  of  the  college  was  Dr.  Edwards. 
In  a  short  time  he  was  seized  with  the  yellow 
fever,  of  which  he  died  in  resignation  and  joyful 
hope. 

SMITH,  RonERT,  D.  D.,  first  bishop  of  the 
Episcojjal  churches  in  Sguth  Carolina,  was  conse- 
crated bishop  in  1790,  and  died  at  Charleston  in 
Nov.,  1801,  aged  72.  lie  had  for  forty-seven 
years  discharged  the  duties  of  a  minister  of  St. 
Philijj's  church. 

SMITH,  "William,  D.  D.,  first  provost  of  the 
college  ill  Philadelphia,  died  May  14,  1803,  aged 
76.  lie  was  a  native  of  Scotland,  received  his 
education  at  the  university  of  Aberdeen,  where 
he  was  graduated  in  1747.  After  being  employed 
as  a  private  tutor  in  the  family  of  Gov.  jSIartin  on 
Long  Island,  he  was  invited  to  take  the  charge 
of  the  college  in  Philadelphia,  and  he  aceeptcd 
the  invitation.  After  revisiting  England,  and  re- 
ceiving regular  ordination  in  the  Episcopal  church 
in  Dec,  1753,  he  returned  to  America,  and  in 
May,  17."'4,  was  placed  at  the  head  of  the  infant 
seminary.  His  pojiular  talents  and  taste  in  jjolite 
literature  contributed  greatly  to  raise  the  charac- 
ter of  the  college.  He  was  principally  assisted  by 
Dr.  Allison.  After  being  for  many  years  a  distin- 
guished preacher  and  writer,  and  rendering  im- 
portant service  to  the  literary  interests  of  Amer- 
ica, he  died  at  Philadelphia.  He  publ'shed  a 
sermon  to  freemasons,  1755 ;  discourses  oh  several 
public  occasions  during  the  war,  1759,  and  2d 
edit.,  with  sermons  added,  1763;  concerning  the 
conversion  of  the  heathen  in  America,  1760;  an 
account  of  the  charitable  corporation  for  the 
widows  of  clergymen,  17G9;  an  oration  before 
the  American  philosophical  society,  1773;  on  the 
present  crisis  of  American  affairs,  1775;  an  ora- 
tion in  memory  of  Montgomery,  1776;  on  tem- 
poral and  spiritual  salvation,  1790;  eulogium  on 
Franklin,  1792.  His  works  were  published  in 
two  vols.,  8vo.,  1803. 

SMITH,  James,  colonel,  a  patriot  of  the  Revo- 
lution, died  ill  1806,  aged  about  92.  He  was  a 
native  of  Ireland.  He  settled  as  a  lawyer  and  a 
surveyor  in  York,  Penn.    He  raised  in  1774  the 


first  volunteer  company  in  the  State  for  tlip  ])ur- 
])Ose  of  resisting  (ircat  liritaiii.  In  177(1  lie  was 
a  nu'iiiber  of  congress  and  sif,'iicd  the  dctlaialion 
of  indciiendence.  In  Nov.,  177S,  he  rcMiincd  his 
])rofessional  jnirsuitK.  I'or  many  years  he  was 
a  professor  of  religion. 

SMITH,  Corrox  Matiieu,  minister  of  Sharon, 
Conn.,  dit'd  Nov.  27,  IHOtJ,  aged  75.  The  son  of 
Samuel  of  Suffield,  who  was  grandson  of  Rev. 
Henry  Smith,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1751 ;  was 
ordained  at  .Sharon  Aug.  28,  1755  ;  and  continued 
fifly-onc  years.  He  succeeded  J.  Searle  and  was 
succeeded  by  1).  L.  Perry.  He  was  an  excellent 
minister,  a  man  of  eminent  virtues.  Several  of 
his  contemporary  neighboring  brethren  attained 
a  great  age,  as  I,ee  of  Salisbury,  Farrand  of  Ca- 
naan, Chani])ion  of  Litchfield,  and  Mills  of  Tor- 
ringford.  He  was  the  father  of  Gov.  Smith.  His 
wife  was  Temperance,  the  widow  of  Dr.  Moses 
Gale  of  Goshen,  N.  W,  daughter  of  Rev.  W. 
Worthington.  She  died  at  the  house  of  her  son- 
in-law.  Judge  Jacob  Raddiff  of  Albany,  in  18C0. 
—  Spragite's  Annals. 

SMITH,  John,  D.  D.,  professor  of  languages 
at  Dartmouth  college,  died  at  Hanover  in  May, 
1809,  aged  06.  He  was  born  at  Byfield,  Mass., 
Dec  21,  1702,  and  was  graduated  in  1778  at 
Dartmouth,  where  he  was  a  tutor  from  1774  to 
1778,  and  professor  from  1778  till  his  death.  He 
was  a  preacher,  as  well  as  a  teacher  of  the  ancient 
languages.  His  daughter,  Sarah,  who  had  a  fine 
taste  for  jjoctry,  and  of  whom  a  memoir  is  given 
in  the  panojilist,  IX.  380,  died  Aug.  17,  1812, 
aged  23.  He  published  a  dedication  sermon, 
1790;  Hebrew  grammar,  1803;  Greek  grammar, 
1809;  Latin  grammar,  3d  edit.,  1812;  a  sermon 
at  dedication,  Hanover,  1796;  at  ordination  of 
T.  En  '  ••■'n,  1801. —  Spraguc's  Annals. 

S  ■  i.siUEL,  governor  of  Vermont,  died  in 

181t  ^   51.    He   was  born  in   Connecticut 

April  4,  1709,  and  graduated  at  Y'ale  college  in 
1781.  He  studied  law  with  his  brother  at  Ben- 
nington. He  lived  first  at  Rupert,  then  nt  lUit- 
land.  In  1791  he  was  elected  one  of  the  first  rep- 
resentatives from  Vermont,  and  continued  in  that 
body  till  1797,  when  M.  Lyon  was  elected.  At 
this  period  he  was  chosen  by  the  legislature  chief 
justice;  but  in  1798,  in  the  prevalence, of  feder- 
alism, another  was  elected.  From  Dec,  1801,  till 
1803  he  was  a  member  of  congress.  From  1803 
to  1807  he  was  a  senator  of  the  U.  S.  In  1807 
he  was  chosen  governor,  but  ere  his  term  of  odice 
ended  his  nervous  system  became  so  impaired  as 
to  terminate  in  derangement.  He  died  at  liis 
residence  in  Rutland.  His  diffidence  was  allied 
to  bashfulness.  He  was  a  man  of  strict  integrity, 
with  a  metaphysical  turn  of  mind.  On  the  trial 
of  Judge  Chase  he  voted  to  acquit  him  on  every 
article ;  on  that  of  Judge  Pickering  he  voted  to 
convict  him. 


SMITH. 


SMITH. 


74» 


SMITIl,  'William  Loronrox.  I.L.  D.,  ambas- 
gndor  to  Si)ain,  died  in  Soutli  ("iiroliiia  in  1M12. 
lie  was  elected  in  1789  a  nieniUer  i)f  corif,'resn 
from  Soiitli  Carolina,  and  with  f,'r('at  ability  sup- 
ported the  administrations  of  Washini^ton  and 
Adams.  Ir  1707  he  was  appointed  minister  to 
Portugal,  and  in  1800  to  S|)ain;  hut  the  next 
vcar,  on  the  accession  of  Mr.  Jefferson,  liis  func- 
tions ceased.  He  pul)lished  an  oration  July  4, 
1796;  a  comparative  view  of  the  constitutions  of 
the  States  and  of  the  U.  S.,  1797 ;  a  pamphlet 
as'iinst  the  pretensions  of  Mr.  Jefferson  to  the 
presidency;  essays  signed  I'hocion.  Uis  speeches 
and  letter  to  his  constituents  were  repul)lished, 
London,  1795. 

SMITH,  Isaac,  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court 
of  New  Jersey,  died  in  1807,  aged  (i7.  He  was 
graduated  at  the  college  in  that  State  in  17.55, 
and  afterwards  commenced  the  jjractice  of  jjhysic. 
From  the  beginning  of  the  troubles  with  Great 
Britain  he  was  distinguished  for  his  patriotic  ser- 
vices in  the  cause  of  his  country.  In  1776  he 
commanded  a  regiment,  and  during  the  periods 
of  gloom  and  dismay  he  was  firm  and  jjcrsever- 
ing.  He  associated  valor  with  discretion,  the 
disciplined  sjnrit  of  the  soldier  with  the  sagacity 
of  the  statesman.  Soon  after  the  termination  of 
the  struggle,  he  received  liis  appointment  as 
judge,  and  for  eighteen  years  discharged  the 
arduous  duties  of  that  station.  After  the  present 
constitution  of  the  U.  S.  was  formed,  he  was  a 
member  of  the  house  of  representatives,  and  was 
esteemed  by  Washington  and  Adams.  Endowed 
with  fine  talents,  and  having  enjoyed  a  classical 
education,  he  united  the  character  of  a  Christian, 
scholar,  soldier,  and  gentleman.  He  died  in 
hope  of  mercy  through  the  Iledeemer.  —  Fort- 
fulin,  new  series,  I.  135,  136. 

SMITH,  S.VJIUEL  Stanhope,  D.  D.,  president 
of  Princeton  college,  died  Aug.  21,  1819,  aged 
69.  He  was  the  son  of  Robert  Smith,  1).  1).; 
was  born  at  I'cquea,  town  of  Salisbury,  Lancaster 
county,  Penn.,  March  16,  1750  ;  and  graduated 
in  1769  at  Princeton,  where  he  was  afterwards 
two  years  a  tutor.  Being  an  eloquent  and  popu- 
lar preacher  in  Virginia,  Hampden  Sidney  college 
was  instituted  with  the  design  that  he  should  be- 
come its  president.  After  being  at  the  head  of 
that  college  a  few  years,  he  was  appointed  in  1779 
])rofes8or  of  moral  philosophy  at  Princeton  ;  and 
was  succeeded  in  Virginia  by  his  brother,  John  S. 
In  the  absence  of  Dr.  Witherspoon  as  a  member 
of  congress,  much  of  the  care  of  the  college  de- 
volved upon  him;  and  after  his  death  in  1794  he 
was  elected  his  successor.  In  consequence  of  his 
infirmities  he  resigned  his  office  in  1812.  He  was 
succeeded  by  Dr.  Green.  His  wife  was  a  daugh- 
ter of  Dr.  Witherspoon ;  his  daughter  married 
J.  M.  Pintard,  consul  at  Madeira.    He  published 


a  sermon  on  the  death  of  H.  Stockton,  1781 ;  an 
essay  on  tlio  causes  of  the  variety  of  llic  com- 
plexion and  fi^Mirc  of  the  human  species,  1788; 
in  which  he  ascviljcd  iiU  the  variety  to  climate, 
the  state  of  soeifty,  and  the  manner  of  living; 
sermons,  8vo.,  1801  ;  lectures  on  tlie  evidences  of 
the  Christian  religion,  12nio.,  1809;  on  tlie  love 
of  praise,  1810;  a  continuation  of  Kanisay's  his- 
tory of  the  U.  H.,  from  1808  to  1817;  lectures 
on  moral  and  political  ])hilosophy;  the  i)rinciples 
of  natural  and  revealed  religion. 

SMITH,  Joiix,  the  second  minister  of  Dighton, 
Mass.,  died  in  Kentucky,  about  lsl5  or  1820, 
aged  about  70  or  75.  Horn  in  Plainfield,  Conn., 
he  gradiuifed  at  Princeton  in  1770;  was  settled 
in  1772  as  the  colleague  of  N.  Fisher;  and  was 
dismissed  in  Dec,  1801.  The  sermon  at  his  ordi- 
nation, by  Levi  Hart  of  Preston,  was  |)rinted  by 
S.  Southwick,  Xewi)ort.  In  1802  he  removed  as 
a  missionary  to  the  neighliorhood  of  Canandaigua, 
N.  Y.  In  his  liberality  he  gave  a  deed  of  nx 
thousand  acres  of  land  to  found  a  seminary  of 
learning  in  C.  Afterwards  he  was  a  missionary 
and  settled  on  a  farm  in  Athens  townshij).  Bloom- 
field,  Lycoming  co.,  Penn.,  where  he  remained 
till  1811  or  1812.  He  next  removed  to  Kentucky, 
where  his  son  Francis  was  a  lawyer,  at  Shep- 
herdsville,  Nelson  county ;  and  there  he  acted  for 
a  time  as  a  missionary.  I'rancis  removed  to 
Monmouth,  111.,  and  died  highly  respected  in 
1838,  aged  72,  leaving  a  large  family.  Other 
sons  were  John,  a  lawyer  in  M'ashington ;  Lem- 
uel, a  farmer  now  living  near  Alton,  111. ;  Henry, 
a  merchant  of  Portland,  Me.,  who  died  in  1853, 
and  whose  son  is  Ilev.  Dr.  Henry  B.  Smith,  now 
professor  of  theology  in  Union  theological  semi- 
nary, in  the  city  of  New  York. 

SMITH,  GicouGE  A\'ii.LiAM,  governor  of  Vir- 
ginia, was  elected  as  successor  of  Mr.  Monroe  in 
1811.  Being  one  of  the  attendants  at  the  thea- 
tre in  Richmond  in  the  evening  of  Dec.  26,  1811, 
when  it  took  fire,  he  lost  his  life  with  Mr.  Vena- 
ble  and  seventy  others. 

SMITH,  Isaac,  the  first  minister  of  Gilmanton, 
N.  H.,  died  in  1817,  aged  72.  Born  in  Sterling, 
Conn.,  he  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1770,  and 
was  settled  Nov.  30,  1774.  L.  A.  Spofford  was 
his  successor. 

SMITH,  EmvARD  Darrell,  M.  D.,  professor 
of  chemistry  and  mineralogy  in  the  college  of  So. 
Carolina,  died  near  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  Aug.  17, 
1819.  He  translated  Desault's  surgical  works, 
two  vols.,8vo.,  1814. 

SMITH,  Daniel,  died  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  in 
1822,  aged  33.  Born  in  Bennington,  Vt.,  he 
graduated  at  Middlebury  in  1810;  studied  theol- 
ogy at  Andovcr ;  and  went  with  Mills  in  an  ex- 
ploring tour  to  the  southwest.  He  was  a  mis- 
sionary in  Natchez  from  1816  to  1820,  when  he 


744 


SMITH. 


SMITH. 


removed  to  L.  lie  had  intellect,  and  taste,  and 
piety,  and  was  an  excellent  jireacher.  —  Spraijue's 
Annals. 

SMITH,  Nathaniel,  judge,  died  at  'Wood- 
bury, Conn.,  March  9,  1822,  aged  GO.  He  was 
born  Jan.  C,  1702,  and  with  few  nd vantages  for 
education  rose  to  diNtinction.  He  practised  law 
in  his  native  town.  In  179ti  he  was  a  member  of 
congress;  from  1800  till  1819  he  was  a  judge  of 
the  supreme  court.  He  was  learned  in  the  law ; 
his  mind  was  acute  and  powerful ;  and  he  was 
respected  for  his  integrity  and  piety. 

SMITH,  KniAKER,  a  Baptist  minister,  died  in 
Fredonia,  N.  Y.,  in  1824,  aged  89.  Two  persons, 
who  heard  him  jireach  his  first  sermon  in  1 753, 
heard  him  after  seventy  years  i)reach  his  last  in 
1823,  in  a  i)lace  five  hundred  miles  distant  from 
the  place  where  they  heard  the  first  sermon,  — 
such  is  the  tide  of  emigration  in  our  country. 

SMITH,  JoXA'niAX,  died  at  Iladiey  in  1829, 
aged  80.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1708,  and 
was  o  preacher  on  Martha's  A'inejard  forty  years. 
SMITH,  ISA.\C,  died  in  Boston  in  1829,  aged 
79;  chajilain  to  the  alms-house.  He  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1707,  and  was  tutor  and  librarian. 
SMITH,  Natiian,  M.  D.,  jirofessor  in  the  med- 
ical schools  of  Dartmouth,  Yale,  and  Bowdoin 
colleges,  died  at  New  Haven  Jan.  20,  1829,  aged 
60.  He  was  born  in  Itehoboth,  Mass.,  Sept.  30, 
1702.  As  his  parents  removed  to  Chester,  Vt., 
he  was  brought  up  as  a  farmer  at  the  foot  of  the 
Green  Mountains.  At  the  age  of  twenty-four  he 
began  the  study  of  physic.  After  practising  a 
few  years  at  Cornish  he  projected  a  medical  insti- 
tution at  Dartmouth  college.  Being  chosen  a 
professor,  he  went  to  Europe  in  1790  for  his  im- 
provement in  science.  In  1798  the  school  was 
opened ;  for  twelve  years  he  lectured  on  the  vari- 
ous branches  usually  taught ;  in  1810  Dr.  Cjtus 
Perkins  was  ajipointed  professor  of  anatomy.  In 
1813  he  was  chosen  professor  of  the  theory  and 
practice  of  physic  and  surgery  at  Yale  college, 
and  removed  from  Hanover  to  New  Haven.  In 
1821  he  was  the  first  lecturer  in  the  medical 
school  of  Maine  at  Bowdoin  college,  and  he  lec- 
tured there  for  five  years.  His  son,  Nathan 
Ryno  Smith,  is  a  distinguished  physician  and 
professor  at  Baltimore.  Dr.  S.  was  eminent 
both  as  a  jjhysician  and  surgeon,  and  had  prac- 
ticed more  extensively  in  New  England  than  any 
other  man.  His  maimers  wt^-e  pleasing  and  in- 
teresting i  in  his  friendships  he  was  steady  ;  and 
he  was  beloved  by  his  numerous  pupils.  His 
works,  entitled  medical  and  surgical  memoirs, 
were  published,  8vo.,  1831,  —  Williams'  Med. 
Biog. 

SMITH,    Gut,    a   minister,  died  in  Wilkes 
county,  Geo.,  Aug.,  1830,  aged  73. 

SMITH,  John,  D.  D.,  professor  of  theology 
in  the  theological  seminary  at  Bangor,  Me.,  died 


in  1831,  aged  05.  He  was  born  in  Belehertown, 
Mass.,  in  170(i;  graduated  at  I)ar1mr)uth  col- 
lege in  1791;  and,  having  studied  theology  with 
Dr.  I'.mmonN,  was  ordained  at  Sulem,  N.  H.,  in 
1797.  After  twenty  years  he  was  dismissed  and 
settled  at  Wenham,  Mass.  In  1819  he  succeeded 
A.  Wines  as  professor  of  theology  at  Bangor, 
where  he  died  in  Christian  jjcace.  His  successor 
was  Kev.  Mr.  Pond.  He  jjublished  a  treatise  on 
ba])tism  j  two  fast  sermons  ;  on  the  peace,  1815  ; 
to  the  senior  class,  1822  ;  to  missionary  societv, 
1830;  at  ordination  of  S.  II.  Peckham.-l- 
Sprague's  Annals. 

SMITH,  Jon.v  M,,  professor  of  languages  in 
the  Wesleyan  college  in  Middlctown,  Conn.,  died 
in  1832,  aged  37.     He  was  a  Methodist  minister. 

SMITH,  Peter  Thacher,  died  in  Oct.,  1820, 
aged  95.  The  son  of  llev.  Thomas,  he  grad- 
uated at  Ilorvard  in  1753 ;  was  ordained  at  Wind- 
ham, N.  II.,  in  1702  ;  and  dismissed  in  1790. 

SMITH,  Preserved,  minister  of  Itowe,  died 
in  1834,  aged  75.  Born  in  Ashfield,  he  gradu- 
ated at  Brown  in  1780,  and  was  pastor  from  1787 
to  1832,  excepting  the  interval  between  1804  and 
1812,  in  which  time  he  was  settled  in  Mcndon. 
He  published  masonic  sermon,  1798;  farewell 
sermon,  1804. 

SMITH,  Nathan,  a  senator,  brother  of  Judge 
Nathaniel,  died  suddenly  at  Washington,  Dec.  C, 
1835,  aged  08.  He  was  born  in  Woodi)ury,  Conn., 
in  1770.  He  commenced  the  practice  of  law  in 
New  Haven,  where  he  made  his  home  till  his 
death.  None  understood  law  better  than  he : 
such  was  his  regard  for  the  right,  that  he  would 
not  undertake  a  cause  obviously  unjust.  He  was 
U.  S.  attorney  for  Connecticut;  in  1833  he  was 
elected  to  the  Senate.  He  was  of  the  demo- 
cratic party. 

SMITH,  Charles,  LL.  D.,  judge,  died  at 
Philadelphia  March  18,  1830,  at  an  advanced 
age.  He  arranged  and  published  the  laws  of 
Pennsylvania. 

SMiTH,  Sarah  1<ansun,  the  wife  of  the  mis- 
sionary to  Syria,  Dr.  Eli  Smith,  died  at  Boujah.a 
vdlage  near  Smyrna,  Sept.  30,  1830,  aged  34. 
She  had  been  three  years  in  the  east.  She  was 
the  daughter  of  Deacon  Jabez  Hunthigton  of 
Norwich,  Conn.  Her  mother,  an  excellent  Chris- 
tian, had  the  name  of  Lanman.  Born  in  1802, 
she  became  early  pious.  In  1830  and  1831  she 
and  Sarah  Breed  established  and  conducted  a 
Sabbath  school  among  the  Mohegan  Indians,  ilic 
remnants  of  the  tribe  of  Samson  Occom,  at  Mo- 
hegan or  Montville,  five  miles  distant.  In  18;5:j 
she  married  Rev.  Eli  Smith,  and  sailed  from  Bos- 
ton in  September.  She  arrived  at  Malta  in  No- 
vember and  at  Alexandria  in  December.  Her 
brief  but  useful  missionary  labors  were  chiefly  at 
Beirut.  In  1830,  in  ill  health,  on  a  voyage  to 
Smyrna,  she  was  wrecked  on  the  coast  of  Asia 


SMITH. 

Minor,  but  Pscnpptl  in  n  boat,  llcr  private  jour- 
nals wrrt'  lost.  She  Burvived  only  a  ffw  wockH. 
She  (lif*!  nt  the  house  of  Mr.  Adffer,  and  was 
buried  in  tiic  cemetery  of  Houjnh,  a  villajje  lour 
or  five  niilen  from  Smyrna.  Just  before  her 
death  she  naid,  "Tell  my  friends,  I  would  not  Ib.- 
all  the  world  lay  my  remains  anywhere  but  here, 
on  missionary  ground."  Her  last  words  were, 
"  Lord  Jesus,  receive  my  spirit !  "  An  intcrest- 
inff  memoir  of  her  life  was  published  by  Dr.  E. 
W.  Hooker, in  1833. 

S>HTH,  Thomas  O.,  a  minister  in  the  Hutch 
Keformed  churcli,dicd  at  Tarrytown,  X.  Y.,  April 
10,  Wil,  aped  79. 

SMITH,  Petkr,  judge  of  Madison  county, 
died  at  Schenectady  of  apoplexy  in  1837.  He 
was  enterprising  and  wealthy;  the  father  of  Ocr- 
rit  Smith. 

S>HTH,  SAMtncL,  general,  died  at  Baltimore 
April  2*5,  1839,  aged  8G.  He  was  a  merchant, 
and  held  various  public  offices.  Ho  was  in  the 
house  or  senate  from  1793  to  1833.  He  hod  re- 
turned from  a  ride,  and  was  found  dead  on  the 
sofa.  He  had  been  mayor  of  the  cityj  and  was 
a  soldier  of  the  llevolution. 

SMITH,  Isaac,  Dr.,  an  eminent  physician  of 
Chatham,  Conn.,  died  in  Christian  faith  and  hope 
in  1839,  aged  67.  —  Williams'  Med.  Biog. 

SMITH,  JoiiN,  major,  died  at  Iladley,  Mass., 
in  1840,  aged  88.  He  was  a  patriot  of  the  Rev- 
olution, an  officer  of  the  Mass.  line. 

SMITH,  Sibyl  Worthington,  died  in  Had- 
ley,  Mass.,  perhaps  about  1830  or  1840,  aged 
102.  She  was  the  widow  of  Deacon  Elijah 
Smith  of  Belchertown,  who  died  about  1709, 
when  his  son,  Ilev.  Ethan  S.,  was  seven  years 
old.  Deacon  Jacob  Smith  of  Iladley  wos  her 
son. 

SMITH,  Jeuemiah,  LL.  D.,  governor  of  N.  H., 
died  in  1842,  aged  about  62.  He  was  born  at 
I'eterborough,  N.  II.,  and  graduated  at  Rutgers' 
college,  X.  J.,  in  1790.  He  was  a  representative 
in  congress  from  1791  to  1797.  He  was  gov- 
ernor in  1809,  and  was  for  several  years  chief 
justice  of  the  superior  court,  residing  at  Exeter. 
He  died  at  Dover.  He  was  highly  respected  as 
a  statesman  and  jurist,  as  a  lawyer  and  judge; 
and  was  of  a  good  literary  taste.  His  extraor- 
dinary mental  powers  were  uniuijiaired  in  liis 
old  age.  His  life  was  written  by  J.  II.  Morri- 
son, 1845. 

SMITH,  Mauu  Ward,  wife  of  the  mission- 
ary, Eli  Smith,  died  at  Beirut  May  27,  1842, 
aged  23.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Moses  Cha- 
l)iu  of  Rochester,  X.  Y.,  and  embarked  on  her 
mission  a  year  before  death.  She  said,  she  was 
not  sorry  she  had  come  to  Syria,  though  but  to 
die.  On  her  sick  bed  she  received  a  letter,  an- 
nouncing the  conversion  of  brothers  for  whom  she 
had  earnestly  prayed. 
94 


SMITH. 


745 


SMITH.  RdiiKiiT,  died  at  Bnltimorc  Xov.  26, 
lt>:2,  aged  K."i.  II p  was  a  volunteer  soldier  in 
the  Revnlutionnry  war  ;  appointed  by  JelTer«on 
Kecretary  of  tlie  niivy,  and  iiy  Madison  secretary 
of  State,  in  which  otiice  he  continued  one  vear. 

S.MITH,  JdSKi'li,  the  l'i>i;nder  of  the  Mor- 
mons, (lied  Jtuic  27,  1NI4.  He  was  born  in 
Vermont  in  1805:  in  hislioyliood  his  parents  re- 
moved to  Palmyra,  N.  Y.  After  the  age  of 
twenty  he  began  his  imposture.  He  pretended 
to  have  received  golden  |)lates  from  an  angel: 
these,  with  the  help  of  ().  Cowdery,  he  says  ho 
translated,  and  thus  made  the  nv.'^U  of  Mormon. 
He  lived  in  Kirtland,  Ohio;  and  thence  removed 
to  Illinois.  His  book  was  made  up  of  a  manu- 
script story  of  Mr.  Spaulding,  written  in  1809, 
which  fell  into  Smith's  hands.  About  1843  he 
had  as  many  as  ten  tliousand  followers.  Such  is 
the  amazing  madness  of  men.  In  consequence 
of  a  dispute  of  two  rival  newsjjapers,  Joseph  was 
cast  into  prison,  and  a  mol)  murdered  him  and 
his  brother  Hiram,  June  27,  1844.  The  next 
prophet  was  Brigham  Young,  by  whom  the  Mor- 
mons were  removed  to  Utah,  the  central  wilder- 
ness of  the  west,  where  it  was  thought  he  had 
convened  100,000  followers  and  slaves  in  1855. 
Young  is  a  shameless  impostor.  He  has  seventy 
young  women  enslaved  as  his  wives ;  and  his  dis- 
ciples choose  as  many  wives  as  they  can  feed. 
Doubtless,  if  common  sense  is  not  entirely  lost  in 
these  women,  they  will  make  a  revolt  and  over- 
throw the  atrocious  tyranny  which  keeps  them 
as  j)rostitutes. 

SMITH,  Eli,  died  in  Xorthford,  formerly 
a  part  of  Branford,  Conn.,  July  7,  1845,  aged 
79;  a  humble,  devoted  Christian.  He  could 
count  twenty-five  persons,  who  becnme  converts, 
while  members  of  his  family.  His  son,  Rev.  Dr. 
Eli  Smith,  the  missionary  in  Syria,  visited  him 
in  his  sickness. 

SMITH,  Samuel  H.,  died  at  Washington 
Xov.  1,  1845,  aged  73.  He  edited  a  paper,  the 
Xew  World,  in  Philadelphia  in  1796,  and  at  Wash- 
ington, when  it  became  the  seat  of  government, 
he  established  the  Xational  Intelligencer,  which 
he  edited  till  1810.  He  was  a  friend  of  Jefifer- 
son,  Madison,  and  Monroe. 

SMITH,  Olim-r,  died  at  Hatfield  Dec.  22, 
1845,  aged  80;  leaving  an  estate  of  half  a  mil- 
lion of  dollars,  of  which  20,000  dollars  was  for 
the  establishment  of  an  ogrieultural  school  in 
Xorthamj)ton,  and  300,000  dollars  to  eight  towns 
for  or])han  and  poor  children,  and  10,UU0  dollars 
to  the  colonization  society. 

SMITH,  John  Cotton,  LL.  D.,  governor  of 
Connecticut,  died  at  Sharon  Dec.  7,  1845,  aged 
80.  He  was  born  in  Sharon  Feb.  12,  1765. 
Graduating  at  Yale  in  1783,  he  settled  in  his  na- 
tive town  as  a  lawyer.  For  several  terms  he  was 
a  member  of  congress,  but  resigned  in  1806.    In 


746 


SMITII. 


SMITII. 


1809  he  won  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court,  ond 
governor  from  IHIU  to  1817.  lie  was  also  pres- 
ident of  the  AmiM'icnn  board  of  commisHionerA, 
and  of  the  American  Ijibic  society.  lie  was  tall 
and  slender,  and  graceful ;  of  dignified  manners, 
yet  courteous  and  persuasive.  At  this  period 
some  may  be  glad  to  learn  what  was  his  dress. 
He  wore  breeches,  black  silk  stockings  ond  shoe- 
buckles  ;  his  hair  powdered,  tiu-ncd  back,  with  a 
queue,  and  a  fri^  over  his  ears.  His  boots,  when 
he  aj)peared  in  them,  were  white-topped,  lie 
was  a  zealous  federalist  in  nis  political  principles; 
and  an  exemplary  Christian  professor,  a  man  of 
piety  and  benevolence.  —  Goodrich's  Ilccollec- 
tions. 

SMITII,  Sl'SAN,  widow  of  Prof.  John  Smith, 
died  nt  Hanover  Dec.  20,  1845,  aged  82.  She 
was  his  second  wife,  the  daughter  of  Col.  David 
Mason  of  Boston  and  Springfield.  She  wrote  a 
memoir  of  her  husband.  She  had  a  strong  and 
well-furnished  mind,  and  was  a  woman  of  benevo- 
lence and  earnest  piety  and  great  usefulness. 

SMITII,  Daniel,  minister  of  Stamford,  Conn., 
died  in  1846,  aged  78.  Born  in  New  Canaan,  he 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1791,  and  was  ordained  in 
1793. 

SMITH,  Amasa,  a  minister  in  Maine,  died  at 
Cumberland  in  1847,  aged  91.  One  minister, 
still  older,  in  Maine,  Mr.  Sawyer,  survived  him, 
and  now  lives,  1857,  aged  101.  He  was  bom  in 
Belchertown,  Mass.,  the  brother  of  Ilev.  Eli  S. 
He  was  first  settled  at  Turner,  then  in  Cumber- 
land, in  1806,  remaining  fourteen  years;  then 
was  elsewhere  a  preacher. 

SMITH,  Eli,  minister  of  Hollis,  N.  II.,  died 
in  1847,  aged  86.  Born  in  Belchertown,  he 
graduated  at  Brown  university  in  1792,  and  was 
pastor  from  1793  to  1830. 

SMITH,  Joseph,  died  at  Mercer,  Penn.,  July 
31,  1849,  aged  84.  Born  in  the  county  of  Derry, 
Ireland,  in  1765,  at  the  age  of  nine  his  parents 
brought  him  to  this  country.  His  ancestors  were 
pious,  and  he  early  became  pious.  His  trade 
was  that  of  a  millwright.  He  settled  at  M.  in 
1800,  and  was  an  elder  of  the  new-formed  church ; 
and  was  an  eminent  Christian :  a  son  was  a  min- 
ister. A  long  account  of  him  by  Dr.  W.  S. 
Plumer  is  in  the  N.  Y.  Observer  March  16,  1850. 
He  became  a  Hebrew  scholar :  the  bible  was  his 
constant  companion. 

SMITH,  Ethan,  minister  of  Hopkinton,N.  II., 
a  descendant  of  Ilev.  Henry  S.,  of  AVethersfield, 
died  Aug.  29,  1849,  oged  86.  He  died  at  the 
house  of  liis  son-in-law,  Eev.  W.  II.  Sanford,  of 
Boylston.  He  was  born  in  Belchertown  Dec.  19, 
1762,  the  son  of  Deacon  Elijah ;  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  in  1790;  was  a  minister  at  Haverhill, 
N.  H.,  nine  years,  and  then  from  March  12, 1800, 
for  eighteen  years  at  Ilopkinton,  N.  H.  He  also 
lived  some  years  at  Hebron,  N.  Y.,  Poultney.Vt., 


and  Hanover,  Mass.  He  was  descended  from 
lU'v.  1'^.  lluil.  His  mother  died  at  Iladley  ojfcd 
102.  His  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Ilev.  1).  Snn- 
ford.  On  the  Sabbath  before  his  last  illness  ho 
preached  with  animation.  His  lost  words  were, 
"Joy  and  peace  in  believing."  He  published  a 
dissertation  on  the  jjrophecies ;  view  of  the  Trin- 
ity, in  onswer  to  N.  Worcester ;  lectures  on  bap- 
tism i  key  to  the  figurative  language  of  the 
bible ;  memoirs  of  Mrs.  Bailey ;  key  to  the  Reve- 
lation ;  jiropheticol  catechism  ;  a  tract  to  prove 
the  Indians  to  be  descendants  of  the  ten  tribes  ; 
two  sermons  on  episcojmcy;  farewell  sermon  ;  one 
at  Ilopkinton  ;  two  sermons  on  voin  excuses  of 
man;  on  the  moral  perfections  of  Ood;  on  the 
daughter  of  Zion ;  on  the  death  of  Mrs.  Harris ; 
at  the  ordinations  of  S.  Martindale  ond  II. 
Smith.  —  Sprague's  Annals. 

SMITII,  Wateiis,  yi.  D.,  died  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.,  Sept.  19,  1850.  He  was  surgeon  of  the 
U.  8.  naval  hospital,  one  of  the  oldest  and  most 
skilful  surgeons  in  the  navy. 

SMITH,  Azariah,  JI.  I).,  missionary  at  Ain- 
tab,  died  June  3,  1851,  oged  34.  Born  at  Man- 
lius,  N.  Y.,  he  graduated  at  Yolejfollegc  in  1837, 
ond  studied  both  physic  and  theology.  He  was 
ordained  in  1842,  and  embarked  lor  Western 
Asia  in  November.  lie  married  in  1848;  his 
M'ife,  Corinth  I.  Smith,  survived  him.  He  wns  a 
man  of  skill  as  a  physician,  of  eminent  jjicty,  of 
unwearied  diligence,  self-denying,  and  libcrul,  en- 
tirely consecrated  to  his  work. 

SMITH,  Daniel,  died  in  Kingston,  N.  Y., 
in  June,  1852,  aged  about  45  ;  an  eminent  Meth- 
odist minister,  formerly  in  New  York  city.  He 
was  the  author  of  several  excellent  books  for 
youth  and  Sunday  school  libraries. 

S:snTII,  John  R.,  died  at  Salem,  N.  C,  Dec. 
16,  1852,  aged  68.  As  a  preacher  in  the  United 
Brethren's  church  he  spent  years  among  the  In- 
dians in  Canada  and  the  Cherokees. 

SMITII,  Junius,  died  in  Astoria,  N.  Y.,  Jan. 
23,  1853,  aged  72.  Born  in  Plymouth,  Conn.,  he 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1802  :  for  many  years  he 
lived  in  London  as  a  merchant.  He  devoted 
much  of  his  life  to  two  objects,  steam  navigation 
and  the  introduction  of  the  tea  ])lant  into  this 
country.  He  cultivated  it  at  Greenville,  S.  C. 
He  published  oration,  July  4,  1804. 

SMITH,  Theophilus,  minister  of  New  Ca- 
naan, died  Aug.  29,  1853,  aged  63.  lie  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  in  1824,  and  was  a  scholar,  skilled 
in  biblical  literature,  a  man  of  sound  judgment, 
a  diligent  preacher  and  faithful  pastor. 

SMITII,  William  Moore,  published  poems 
written  in  Penn.,  1785.  His  son,  Richard  P. 
Smith,  died  near  Philadelphia  in  1854.  He  pub- 
lished novels,  stories,  and  plays.  — Cycl.  of  Amcr, 
Lit. 

SMITH,  S.  Lisu:,  one  of  the  most  brilliant 


SMITII. 

orators  of  the  west,  died  at  Chicago  July  30, 1 
1854. 

SMITH,  Jonathan,  n«i)iist  iiiiiil»tt>r  nt  Ciiic- 
opcc,  dii'd  at  llurtCord  Juii.  2,  lN,jo,  ngid  IM. 
Horn  in  Norton,  he  was  a  Uevolutionary  soldliT 
three  years:  he  was  present  wlien  tlie  llritish 
evacuated  Boston.  He  then  liecame  a  Haptist 
minister  and  labored  seventy  years  in  ]ireaching 
the  gospel.     His  residence  was  {'hicoi)ce. 

S.MITH,  lloUKUT,  an  Kpiscojjal  missionary. 
died  at  Cavalia,  West  Africa,  May  2.),  lHo:>,  nj^ed 
30.  He  was  a  native  of  Tennessee,  a  graduate 
of  Yale,  and  a  theological  student  of  Alexandria. 
SMITH,  Jacou  J.,  died  at  Cleves,  O.,  Dec. 
12,  18">5,  aged  101. 

SMITH,  WouxnixOTON,  D.  D.,  president  of 
the  university  of  Vermont,  died  at  St.  Albans 
Feb.  13, 1856,  aged  02.  He  was  born  in  Hadley, 
the  son  of  Deacon  Seth  Smith.  He  graduated 
at  Williams  college.  As  a  minister  and  as  the 
head  of  the  college  he  was  highly  respected. 

SMITH,  Em,  D.  D.,  the  eminent  missionary 
to  Syria,  died  at  Beirut,  in  Syria,  of  a  cancer  of 
the  stomach,  Jan.  11,  1857,  aged  55.  lie  was 
born  in  1801,  the  son  of  Eli  Smith  of  Branford, 
Conn.,  Northford  society,  about  ten  miles  from 
New  Haven  ;  a  village  remarkable  for  the  num- 
ber it  has  furnished  of  educated  youth.  He 
graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1823,  and  at  Ando- 
ver  theological  seminary  in  182G.  In  the  same 
year  he  embarked  as  a  missionary  of  the  Ameri- 
can board  for  Malta  ;  went  to  Cairo ;  crossed  the 
desert  to  Syria  in  Feb.,  1827;  was  at  Beirut  till 
1828,  when  ho  returned  to  Malta  and  had  care 
of  the  press.  In  1830  and  1831  he  and  Dr. 
Dwight  nndc  an  exi)loring  tour  in  Armenia,  oc- 
cupying almost  a  year.  They  ,vore  at  Tebroez  in 
Persia  in  Jan.,  183!.  They  returned  to  Con- 
stantinople in  May ;  to  Mu'.ca  in  July.  He  made 
also  two  exploring  toure  ivith  Dr.  Itobinson.  Af- 
ter an  absence  of  six  ^ears  he  visited  this  country 
in  1832,  and  jjublished  his  researches  in  Armenia. 
In  1833  he  married  Miss  Sarah  Lanman  Hunting- 
ton, the  daughter  of  Deacon  Jabez  Huntington 
of  Norwich,  Conn.,  and  sailed  for  Malta  in  that 
year.  He  soon  settled  down  at  Beirut.  She 
gave  him  important  aid  in  his  labors;  but  she 
died  in  1836  at  Boujah,  a  village  near  Smyrna, 
and  there  was  buried.  Her  memoir  was  writ- 
ten by  Dr.  Hooker.  In  1838  he  and  Professor 
Kobinson  made  an  exploring  tour  in  the  east. 
In  1830  he  superintended  the  easting  of  Arabic 
types  in  Leipsic.  Dr.  Smith  married  for  his  sec- 
ond wife  Miss  Chapin,  the  daughter  of  General 
Chapin  of  Rochester,  N.  Y. ;  but  she,  too,  after  a 
few  years  was  taken  away  and  was  buried  at  Bei- 
rut. In  the  course  of  time  he  sought  another 
com])anion  in  America,  and  was  married  in  Oct., 
1840,  to  Miss  Hetty  S.  Butler  of  Northampton, 
Mass.,  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Daniel  Butler;  and 


SMITH. 


747 


she  now  is  left  a  dcNcdate  widow  nt  her  lieauliftd 
and  lute  ha])py  abode  at   lli'irut  on   the  shore  of 
the  Meditcrnincan.     lli'  icl'l  ii  sou  by  liix  Nieund 
wife  and  four  tbildren  by  his  last,  two  sons  and 
two  daughters.     From  the  beginning  of  his   r.iis- 
sionary  life  it  whs  tlie   great   objict  iif  Dr.  Smith 
to  make  himseir  skilled  in  the  .Vr;iliiu  iungunge, 
so  as   to  lie  able  to  truiLvliitc  into  it,  us  now  spo- 
ken in  the  east,  God's  holy  book  ;  and  in  his  work 
he  had  made  very  eonsideralile  pr()gre>s,  having 
it  is  bi'lleved  translated  tlie  I'eiitiileueh  and  New- 
Testament  j  the  I'salms  and  the  U'smt  Prophets; 
and  Isaiah.     It  must  be  for  his  future  biograjiher 
to  describe  the  variety  and  extent  of  his  etlbrts  in 
accomplishing  the  object  dear  to   the  missionary 
of  the  cross,  —  that  of  communicating  to  the  mis- 
guided and  uninstrueted  the  knowledge  of  Jesus 
Christ,  the  Sou  of  God,  the  Mediator  between 
God  and  man,  the  Saviour  of  uU  them  that  be- 
lieve.    The   memorable   fact    that   this   son   of 
America  slee])s  in  distant   Syria,  at   the  foot  of 
Mount  Lebanon,  whitlu^r  he  went  from  the  new 
world  to  carry  back  the  triumjdis  of  the  cross  to 
the  old  world,  to  Syria,  and  I'-gyjit,  and  Persia, 
and  to  gladden  Jerusalem  with  the  doctrine  of 
redemption, —  this  fact  comjiels  the  remark,  that 
the  glory  of  this  zealous  missionary  easts  con- 
tcm])t  on  the  fame  of  Alexander,  the  great  war- 
rior ;  for  this  mighty  conqueror  sjiread  only  dis- 
may and   terror,  desolation  and  death  over  the 
wide  east ;  but  the  missionary  sought  to  spread 
over  the  same  region  the  beams  of  eternal  truth, 
the  principles  of  virtue,  the  elements  of  happi- 
ness, the  hojjes  of  bliss  beyond  the  grave,  and 
the  sure  ])ossession  of  ineffable  joy,  of  immortal 
glory.     He  was  buried  the  day  after  his  death, 
the  services  being  performed   in    the  American 
chapel,  the  consuls  of  the  Protestant  nations  be- 
ing j)resent,  and    a  crowded  congregation  of 
afflicted    natives.    Kev.  Mr.  Calhoun  made  an 
add/c.is  in  English,  and  llev.  Mr.  Ford  in  Ara- 
bic     J  Ms  body  wT.s  then  placed  in  its  grave  in 
the  ne'  ,'hboring  I'rotestant  burying-ground,  un- 
der the  shade  of  the  cypress,  next  to  the  grave  of 
his  second  wife,  near  the  graves  of  the  eminent 
missionaries,  Pliny  Fisk  and  George  B.  "Whiting. 
Will  not  theirs  be  the  resurrection  of  the  Just  P 
As  to  some  of  the  labors  of  Dr.  Smith,  in  super- 
intending the  casting  of  Arabic  types  in  Germany, 
he  made  an  imi)rovement  in  the  form  of  the  let- 
ters, rendering  them  more  distinct  and  agreeable, 
nearer  to  the  style  of  writing  than  to  the  old 
characters,  to  the  great  satisfaction  of  the  natives 
and  of  the  learned  in  Europe.    In  his  great  labor 
of  translating  he  had  the  assistance  of  Professor 
Bistany  and  of  other  natives ;  and  thus  he  toiled 
incessantly  for  eight  years.     Happily  he  had  fin- 
ished the  New  Testament  and  other  parts  of  the 
Bible;  it  must  be  for  another  to  complete  the 
work  of  giving  the  whole  Word  of  Go4  to  six 


748 


SNELLINO. 


SOUTIlWirK. 


millions  nf  the  hiimnn  family.  A  fi-irnd  at  Dri- 
rut  wrote  a  few  diiys  nflcr  liin  donili  n  letter  n)n- 
cernin^  liim,  iti  wliicli  lir  8ni(l :  "  'I'lic  prcciM'on 
mill  logical  onh'r  of  Iiis  mind  wore  i(N  |)romiii(>nt 
fcnfiircH.  lie  hnd  not  the  vi'Iu'nicncc  iind  wnrnilli 
which  enter  into  hi(;h  orntory ;  while  there  \\nn  a 
■criouRiieNN,  a  foree  of  nrptument,  a  tenderness, 
and  np]iarent  conseientiouNness,  whose  influeiiro 
wns  fur  better  nnd  more  en<lnrinff.  His  Held  of 
knowledge  wns  wide,  his  scholnrNhip  ripe,  nnd  his 
modesty  eqiinl  to  his  nttninments.  Hnt  his 
mornl  qnnlities  were  his  chiefest  fjlory.  He  hnd 
Bulijected  his  whole  nature  to  reason,  nnd  his  ren- 
Bon  to  the  teachings  of  God.  The  study  of  that 
blessed  book,  which  was  constantly  before  him, 
brought  him  into  contact  with  the  jiure  and  the 
heavenly,  nnd  seemed  to  bathe  his  spirit  with 
holy  influences.  A  scholar,  nnd  Inrgcly  ac- 
quainted with  the  world,  he  was  still  ii  very  child 
in  simi)licily,  loving  all,  laboring  for  oil,  nnd  not 
ashamed  of  the  most  humble  service.  His  faith 
in  the  Divine  goodness  seemed  never  to  forsake 
him.  With  collectedness  nnd  serem'ty  he  met 
the  darkest  adversities  in  life,  and  smiled  as  he 
advanced  to  the  dominions  of  death.  When  neor 
his  end  he  said  thnt  he  felt  thnt  he  wns  n  grent 
sinner,  but  there  wns  a  greater  Snviour ;  thnt  he 
had  no  righteousness  of  his  own,  and  relied  en- 
tirely on  the  blood  of  Christ ;  that  for  aught  he 
knew  he  had  more  friends  in  heaven  thnn  re- 
maining on  the  enrth,  and  soon  he  should  be 
with  them  and  all  the  holy  in  the  presence  of 
God.  I  heard  the  grove-clods  fall  upon  the  cof- 
fin of  that  aceom])liNbed  scholor  ond  meek,  guile- 
less, devoted  Christian  j  nnd  never  did  they  sound 
more  harshly.  And  yet,  truly  interpreted,  they 
were  the  notes  of  triumph,  such  only  ns  the  dend 
can  give,  when  they  jjnss  into  the  regions  of  im- 
mortnlity :  '  O  death !  where  is  thy  sting  ?  O 
grave !  where  is  thy  victory  ? ' "  He  published 
researches  in  Armenia,  2  vols.,  1832 ;  missionary 
sermons  and  addresses,  1834.  —  Jotir.  Commerce, 
Feb.  27. 

SNELLINO,  William,  an  early  physician  of 
Newbury,  Mass.,  came  from  Devon,  England, 
and  removed  to  Boston  in  1654,  and  there  died. 

SNEYD,  Samuel  S.,    a  Methodist    minister, 
•  died  at  Philadelphia  in  1840,  aged  47. 

SNIDER,  Andrew,  dif  1  at  Intercourse,  Lan- 
caster county.  Pa.,  Nov,  1,  1845,  aged  112;  a 
Boldier  of  the  Revolution. 

SNODGRASS,  James,  died  in  1846,  aged  82 ; 
r  inister  of  West  Hanover,  Penn.,  father  of  Rev. 
j      S.  of  New  York. 

N'OW,  Joseph,  minister  of  Providence,  R.  I., 
died  April  10,  1803,  aged  89.  He  was  the  son 
of  Joseph,  and  was  born  in  P.  and  settled  in  1743. 
Among  his  successors  were  J.  Wilson,  Cyrus  Ma- 
son, Mark  Tucker  in  the  second  church,  of  which 
he  was  the  first  pastor,  from  1743  to  1793.    He 


was  also  the  first  pastor  of  the  third  church  from 
179.'l,  in  which  T.  Willioms  nnd  W.  I'restun  were 
his  KurccNKors. 

SNOW,  I'.i.tsitA,  0  Ilaptist  minister,  died  in 
'I'lioinnNton,  Me.,  in  IH32,  nged  !»2. 

SN()WI)1:N,  Samikl  I'lXi.F.Y.died  in  iJrown- 
ville,  \.  v..  May  21,  1HI,'>,  nged  77.  Horn  at 
I'hilmlclphin,  son  of  Isnnc  S.,  whose  seven  sons 
were  cdMciitcd  nt  Princeton,  he  wns  jmstor  in 
Princeton,  .\.  J.;  then  in  New  Hortford,  N.  Y. ; 
then  of  Sackctl's  Harbor. 

SXYDEH,  SrMoN,  governor  of  ]  i  ..nsylvnnin, 
died  in  Nov.,  IHIO.  He  succeeded  Gov.  McKinn 
in  1808. 

SOMERUY,  Anthony,  nn  enrly  schoolmnster 
of  Newliury,  Mnss.,  died  in  l(i86,  nged  70.  He 
cnme  from  Lincolnshire,  Englnnd,  in  1630. 

SOMMER,  LtTiii;it,  minister  of  Srolmrie, 
j  N.  Y.,  died  nfter  Sept.,  1786.  then  oged  76  ;  in  that 
month  he  suddenly  recovered  his  sight  ofter  being 
[  blind  seventeen  years.  He  owoked  in  the  morn- 
ing, nnd  looked  out  nnd  snw  distinctly  i  nnd  wont 
to  church  without  his  usual  guide. 

SOUTHALL,  Daniel,  a  Methodist  minister, 
died  at  Washington,  Dist.  Col.,  Oct.  15,  1830, 
aged  67. 

SOUTHARD,  Samiel  L.,  governor  of  Now 
Jersey,  died  June  26,  1842,  aged  55.  He  wns 
born  June  0,  1787,  ot  IJaskenridge,  and  grndu- 
oted  ot  Princeton  in  1804.  In  1815  he  became  a 
judge  of  the  supreme  court.  He  was  a  senator 
of  the  United  States  in  1823,  nnd  in  the  same 
year  secretary  of  the  navy  :  attorney-general  of 
New  Jersey  in  1 829,  governor  in  1832,  and  again 
a  senator  in  1833  and  1838.  Of  the  senate  lie 
was  the  president  in  1841.  His  wife  was  a  Miss 
Harrow.  He  was  distinguished  for  talents  and 
eloquence,  and  for  his  jirivate  virtues.  He  ])uli- 
lislicd  reports  in  the  supreme  court  of  New  Jcr- 
sev,  1819 1  an  eulogy  on  Chief  Justice  Ewing, 
1832. 

SOUTHMAYD,  Jonx,  minister  of  Wator- 
bury.  Conn.,  died  in  1755,  aged  about  80.  He 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1697,  and  wns  jiastnr 
from  1705  to  1735.  J.  Peck  wns  the  first  minis- 
ter from  1669  to  1699. 

SOUTHMAYD,  Daniel  S.,  first  minister  of 
the  Trinitarian  church  in  Concord,  Mass.,  died 
in  1837,  aged  35.  Born  in  Castlcton,  Vt.,  lie 
graduated  at  Middlebury  College  in  1822,  and 
was  settled  in  1827,  ond  resigned  in  1832,  nnd 
was  succeeded  by  J.  Wilder.  He  then  wns  an 
editor  in  Lowell  ond  in  New  York.  He  died  in 
Texas,  He  published  sermon  on  the  advance- 
ment of  gospel  truth,  1830. 

SOUTHWICK,  Solomon,  died  at  Albany  in 
1839,  aged  about  65.  He  was  a  native  of  Rhode 
Islond.  After  being  a  journeyman  printer  he 
established  and  edited  the  Albany  Register,  n 
leading  democratic  paper;  but,  quarreling  with 


SOLTIIWORTH. 

Iiit  party,  it  iVicA  in  IHI".     He-  putnlilixhril  othrr  ' 
|in|n'rK,  the  ('liri«linii  Vislliiiit,  anil    the  I'loiijfli ' 
Ilov)    in    1H'J7  he  cNtnlilislicl    m\  nnti-niii-nmir 
pniirr.    Ho  wan  I'vpn  a  randidntc  for  noviriior :  i 
iiit  thirty  llimisand  volcv  jjnvc  Mr.  Vnii  Ktircn  n  ' 
plurality  over  Smith  'I'liompsnrt.     ||i>  cxin'rirnccil 
rcvrrscM  utid  inivtortiitK-s.  mid  liiMpnlltind  dfciiins 
vnnislKMl.     From  iiii   Infidel    licconiiiitf  n  flirin-  ; 
tiim.  ho  ponncptcd  liiinHcdf  with  the  Methodist  1 
chnrrh.     For  years  lie  wnn   a   piiMie  leeturer  on 
lemiieranee,  liiMiral  literature,  and  nelf-cducation,  I 
fhii'<  nhtainins  n  preearions  Hiippnrt.  I 

SOrTIIWOHTir,  Thomas,  a  ynunpor  hrntlier 
of  Constant  S..  waN  liorn  in  Kill!  mid  died  Dee.' 
8.  1000,  a^'ed   .Ml.     TFe  was  selected   to   sneered  I 
Klder  llrewster  ;  but  his  father-i?i-law.  (Jov.  Ilrnd- 
ford,  wished  him  to  enter  upon  eivil  affairs.     He 
wni  a  eominissionerof  the  I'm'ted  f'olonies  from, 
10.')!)  for  several  years,  and  fjovernor  in  1001  of 
the  colony's  territory  in  Maine,  and  was  hifrldy 
esteemed  for  his  (jood  jud(,'ment  and   piety.     He  j 
married  his  cousin,  I'.lizaheth.  daughter  of  Tlev.  | 
,Tohn  Ilayiier  ;  and  his  only  child,  Kli/a,  married 
.losejih,  son  of  the  pilfjrim  ,Iolm  Howland.     Mrs,  i 
Ilayner  then  was  the  sister  of  Mrs.  Urndford,  as 
was  also  the  wife  of  Dr.  Samuel  Fuller,  and  tlie 
wife   of  "William  Wn>ht   of  riymoutli.     Their 
name   was  Carpenter :    their    unmarried   sister, 
Mary  Carpenter,  n  >jodly  woman,  died  at  I'ly- 
niniith  March  19,  \1'20,  aped  00.     It  appears  also 
that  J.  Cooper  of  Scituato  in  Km  called  Olive 
firadford  his  sister;  so  that  prohnlilyhis  wife  was 
another  sister  of  the  Carjientcr  familv. 

SOUTH WOllTFI,  CoNHTANT.  died  at  Duxhtiry 
in  1687,  aged  about  72.  He  was  born  in  F.np- 
land,  flic  son  of  Aliee  S.,  who  married  Gov.  Brad- 
ford when  he  was  about  eight  years  old.  He  came 
over  in  1028  wlien  he  was  thirteen  years  old. 
The  Plymouth  com|)any  paid  ten  pounds  for  hi.s 
passaffc,  and  for  diet  eleven  weeks  at  one  shil- 
linj?  and  cipht  ponce  per  week.  His  father's 
name  is  not  known  ;  but  it  was  probably  Edward. 
Southworth  was  a  Basset-Lowe  family  in  Enjj- 
land.  There  was  an  Edward  in  1014,  the  son  of 
Uohert,  the  son  of  Bichard,  the  son  of  Aymond. 
There  was  alsri  u  rhomas  at  Clarkborough  and  a 
William  at  Heyton.  Robert  about  1604  con- 
eortcd  with  the  Puritans.  Constant's  oldest  and 
youngest  sons  were  called  Edward  and  William. 
He  married  Elizabeth,  the  daughter  of  William 
Collier,  and  sustained  various  offices,  civil  and 
military.  In  Philip's  war  he  was  commissary- 
general  and  accompanied  the  army.  Captain  B. 
Church  married  his  daughter  Alice.  Two  of  his 
sons  were  with  Church  in  his  expeditions.  He 
left  three  sons,  Edward,  Nathaniel,  and  William. 
The  first  occupied  the  homestead ;  the  sons  of 
the  two  last  lived  in  Tiverton.  In  his  estate  of 
300  pounds  was  included  an  Indian  boy  at  10 
pounds.    His  daughter  Mercy  married  Samuel 


fiPAKHAU'K. 


IJ> 


Frogman!  Mary  mnrrird  Hunicl  Aldcn.  F.li/a- 
lieth  had  lii'<|iii allied  to  her  two  Ik<U  and  fiiml- 
tiiie,  "pniNiiled  ^he  do  not  marry  William 
Folibesi  lint  if  she  do.  then  to  haxe  five  khil- 
liiiKH."  J, ike  iiioHt  other  \»\\nK  liidicK,  »|u>  elioRp 
to  deeiile  the  (picsiiiiii  of  a  liiisliand  for  lierMlf. 
She  Heee|,le(i  the  live  >lii!lin|,'s.  Mr.  FoIicm  lived 
in  Diixliiiry  and  Little  Coinpton  ;  his  noii  John 
died  in  lliiilKewater  in  I(i(l|.  Mr.  S.'«  non  I'd- 
ward  had  a  son  Thomas,  whose  son  .leijliliali  wan 
a  deaeon  of  the  chiireb  in  North  Yannniitli,  >Ie.  j 
and  his  noii,  Deacon  John,  died  in  IHI  I,  a>;e(l  HI. 
I'roni  the  daughters  of  this  family  there  were 
many  deseendants. 

si'AKillT,  ItKiiAUii  D.,  governor  of  N.  C, 
n  miserable,  iinpriiieipled  (Ineilist,  dlid  as  a  fool 
ilietb,  in  1NI»'_'.  On  account  of  some  insiilt  given 
or  received  in  a  political  dispute,  he  set  himself  up 
as  a  mark  to  be  shot  at  by  John  Stanley,  and  was 
killed.  Stanley  was  convicted  and  sentenced  to 
death  for  innriler,  but  obtained  a  ]iardon. 

SPAl.DIXfi,  Samson,  the  first  minister  of 
Tewkslmry,  Mass.,  died  in  1700,  aged  NO;  in  the 
sixtieth  year  of  his  ministry.  He  graduated  ot 
Harvard  in  17.'12,  and  was  settled  in  17;i7.  T.T. 
Barton  was  settled  in  1702;  J.  Coggin  in  1806. 

SPALDING,  Lyman,  M.  ]).,  died  at  Ports- 
mouth Oct.  .31,  1821,  aged  JO.  His  death  wan 
caused  by  a  wound  in  the  head.  He  was  born  in 
Cornish,  N.  IL,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1707.  He  settled  at  Portsmouth.  In  1812,  be- 
ing a])i)ointcd  president  of  the  college  of  jihysi- 
cians  at  Fairfield,  \.  Y.,  and  pr(>fess<ir  of  anat- 
omy and  surgery,  ho  removed  to  the  city  of  Xew 
York.  He  was  a  skilful  phjsicinn  and  surgeon. 
M'ilh  him  originated  the  ]ilaii  of  a  jiharmaco- 
IKi'ia  of  U.  S.  He  iniblishcd  a  nomenclature  of 
chemistry,  1700;  inaugural  address,  181,3;  his- 
tory of  Scutellaria;  reflections  on  yellow  fever, 
18 1!).  _  Tharhn-'K  Med.  liio;/. 

SPALDINTj,  JiLSllfA,  minister  in  Salom,  Mass., 
died  at  Newburg,  or  South-l'.ast,  N.  Y'.,  in  182.'5, 
aged  05.  About  1780.  at  the  age  of  twenty,  he 
was  settled  over  the  Tabernacle  church  in  S., 
where  he  continued  till  1802 ;  then  for  three  years 
ho  was  in  Xew  Jersey.  Boturning  to  Salem,  ho 
preached  in  the  Branch  church  till  1813,  wlien  ho 
removed  to  South-EaKt  in  Xew  York.  I'or  four 
years  he  lingered  under  an  attack  of  the  palsy. 
For  forty  years  he  was  a  zealous,  devoted  niinis- 
ter.  He  published  a  sermon  at  the  execution  of 
Coombs,  1787  ;  defence,  1802  ;  at  ojiening  of  the 
Branch  church ;  the  Lord's  songs,  I80o ;  to  a 
charitable  society,  1808. 

SPABHAWk,  Jonx,  minister  of  Bristol,  B.  I., 
died  in  1718,  aged  40.  He  graduated  at  Harvard 
in  1689,  and  was  ordained  KiOii.  His  son  was 
the  minister  of  Salem,  Slass.,  and  died  in  1705, 
aged  41.  A  graduate  of  Harvard  in  1731,  he  was 
ordained  in  1736. 


m 


SI'AriHAWK. 


HI'AnirAWK,  (inmiv.,  a  iihyxirinn,  dird  nt 
Wnlpolr.  N.  II.,  I'll).  \\1,  ISIT,  ii'n<<l  IMi.  Horn 
in  iiriKliloii,  Ik'  uai  );ni<lii!ilril  at  lhii'\iiril  in  1777. 

Sl'.MtMNCi,  III  i.K.Mi.  Mrn.,  dud  at  Oswi'ko 
In  Miircli  or  A|ii'il,  tSOL',  iikoI  IK*'  Mx'  wiih 
horn  ut  \\'iil|ia(k,  N.  J.,  iiml  wiim  uniiiidcd  liy  tlip 
Indi  UN  in  tlii'  old  IVcncli  war. 

KrA('l,l)I\(;.  JuNiAM,  minister  of  Itnrkiaiid, 
MiiNH.,  died  iii  iNl'.'l,  M;(('d  7l!.  Ilo  graduated  at 
Yitlu  in  I77N;  waN  lirnt  the  niiniNtcr  of  I'laintlcid, 
Conn.,  and  wan  inKlMJlcd  at  H.  in  171)1.  lio  ptil)- 
liNhcd  II  NiTinon  on  inaliility,  l7S'Ji  L'lilviTNaliitm 
conrmindN  and  dcNtrovH  ilNcil',  |H(),>, 

SrAl'MUN'O,  'rilAlililt  s,  a  patriot  of  the 
Itcvolntioii,  and  an  I'lnini'iit  CliriNtiiin,  died  in 
Townsfiid  I'VI).  1(».  lH;t(),  a>ftd  7N:  Ih'm  will',  Olivo 
nioiid,  dii'd  I'i'l).  II),  ai;i'd  70.  IIih  nod,  l)t'. 
Thiiddcim  Spauldiii^',  died  at  Noutii  UoadiiiK  in 
1844,  a;(i'd  iJU  i  a  k"'><1  pliysii'ian,  and  useful  civ- 
ilian, and  rc'specteil  ('liri>tian.  —  TIuk-Idi: 

SrAl'I,I)I.\(i,  Ki'iiiiAiM,  inis.'.ioimry  at  the 
Snnihvicli  IslaiulN,  died  in  WeNtlioroiip;ii  June  2S, 
1810.  Horn  in  I.udluw,  Vt.,  ho  f^raduated  nt 
Middieliury  in  IHU'8.  From  IN.'M,  for  Hcvcral 
yeovH,  he  waN  a  mi«nioiinry  j  Init  a  hleedin^  at  his 
lunffn  compelled  his  return.  —  Amlevnon's  S,rin. 

SI'l'JX'I',,  Cd.miaI),  ]).  I).,  died  in  Staunton, 
Vo.,  in  18;{0j  n  I'resliyterian  minister.  IIIn  de- 
gree WBH  f{iven  hy  I'rineeton  in  18U0. 

SPKXC'I',,  John,  M.  ]).,died  in  Dumfries,  Vn., 
in  182!),  a^rcd  OU;  n  native  of  Scotland.  He 
zealously  i)romoted  the  vaccine  inoculation;  ho 
wrote  for  the  journals. —  Williaiiin'  Mcil.  liioij. 

SI'E\('K]{,  JoHia-ii,  a  surgeon,  died  in  the 
early  i)nrt  of  this  century  nt  Vienna,  Wood 
county,  Vn.,  h'aviiiff  sl.\  sons  niid  live  datightors. 
lie  was  the  son  of  Gen.  Spencer;  was  a  surfjcon 
in  the  army  of  the  Itevolution;  and  in  1704  emi- 
grated from  Now  York  to  Ohio,  and,  with  Col. 
Abner  Lord,  jmrchased  n  trnct  of  land,  lying  five 
miles  on  the  river  at  Marietta.  His  daughters 
married  Gen.  Cass  of  Detroit,  Gen.  Hunt  of 
Maumee,  Kev.  ^latthcw  Wallace  of  Iiulinnn. 
Another  was  ^Irs.  Martha  liraincrd  Wilson,  who 
died  at  Marietta  in  1852,  aged  UO,  and  who  was 
born  at  Lolmnon,  Conn. 

SPENCER,  Eijnu,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Eliza- 
bethtown  and  Trenton,  N.  J.,  died  in  1784.  He 
■was  a  graduate  of  Harvard  in  174G.  A  native  of 
East  Iladdam,  he  was  a  descendant  of  Jarcd,who 
lived  in  Camhridge  in  1034,  then  in  Lynn,  Hart- 
ford, and  Ilnddani,  where  he  died  in  1G85.  His 
daughter  married  Jonathan  D.  Sergeant,  who 
died  in  179.'1,  leaving  ten  children,  of  whom  the 
eminent  John  Sergeant  was  one. 

SPENCEU,  JosKPH,  major-general  in  the  army 
of  the  llevolution,  died  in  1789,  aged  75.  He 
received  this  appointment  in  Aug.,  1776;  he  had 
been  previously  a  brigadier,  and  in  the  war  of 
1758  hud  served  as  a  major  and  colonel.    He 


BPENCEH. 

I  wan  with  Iho  army  in  the  rxprditir)n  to  Ithode 
Ixland  and  in  the  nlrt'at  in  I77H.  On  liii  renlg- 
nation  he  Mas  clinsrii  Ji  tncnilirr  of  c()iigr(t>'<.  Up 
died  at  I'.iist  lladdiini,  tiie  place  of  his  liirth. 
Ills  fatiicr  was  Isaacs  his  wife  was  Martha,  the 
sister  of  David  liraincrd.  His  lirothrr,  I-',ldni  S., 
I).  D.,  »IK(  cssively  minister  of  Jamaica,  I,.  I., 
and  of 'I'renton,  N.  J.,  died  I)ec.  27,  I7n|.  Hjh 
nephew,  Oliver  S.,  mpii  of  ('apt.  Samuel  S.,  mar- 
ried n  daughter  of  ilolicrt  Ogdeii ;  poiumaniled  a 
regiment  in  the  battle  of  Princeton  ;  nnd  niter 
the  wnr  was  judge  of  probate  in  Obi),  where  ho 
died  Jan.  22,  1811. 

SPI:N(1;K.  SaMII:i..  LL.  I).,  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  of  X.  ('.,  died  in  17!)3,  aged  ubout 
.Ol.     He  grnduated  at  I'rimeton  in  1751). 

SPENCl'.U,  JacoII,  died  in  Washington,  N.  J., 
Oct.  13,  183(1,  aged  nearly  100.  Ho  had  hovcii 
wives,  and  left  one  child. 

SI'F.NCI'.U,  .Vmiiiiosi:,  ibief  justice,  a  descend- 
ant of  William  S.,of  Canibridgo  and  Hartford  nt 
their  settlement,  died  at  Lyons,  N.  J.,  Mnrcli  l;j, 
1848,  nged  82.  Ho  was  born  in  Salisbury,  Conn. 
His  father,  Philip,  a  mechanic  nnd  fnrnier,  eilii- 
cnted  his  two  sons  in  Yale  nnd  Harvard;  at  Har- 
vuril  they  grnduated  in  1783.  He  studied  law  in 
])art  with  J.  Cunfleld  of  Sharon,  whoso  daughter, 
Laura,  he  married,  and  settled  in  Hudson,  lie 
was  attorney-general  in  1802,  and  a  judge  of  the 
supreme  court  in  1819.  A  federalist  at  first,  he 
early  joined  the  ro])ublicans  and  was  the  warm 
friend  of  Do  Witt  Clinton,  two  of  whose  sisters 
he  mnrriod  for  his  second  nnd  third  wives.  In 
1823  ho  retired  from  the  bench  and  resumed  the 
])rnctiee  of  the  law.  From  the  neighborhood  of 
Albany  he  removed  to  Lyons  in  1830,  there  living 
in  his  calm  old  ago,  yet  ])residing  at  the  whig 
national  convention  at  Baltimore  in  1844,  which 
nominated  Clay  and  Frelinghuysen  for  president 
and  vice-])rosident. 

SPENClsIl,  WiLMAM  A.,  co])tain  in  the  navy, 
brother  of  the  iireceding,  died  in  New  York  March 
3,  1854,  aged  61.  He  fought  in  the  battle  of 
lake  Clmmplain  under  McDonough.  He  married 
two  daughters  of  Peter  Lorillard  of  N.  Y. 

SPENCER,  IciiAnoD  Smith,  D.  D.,  minister 
in  Brooklyn,  died  Nov.  23,  1854,  nged  57.  He 
was  born  in  Rupert,  Vermont,  Feb.  23,  1797,  and 
studied  at  Salem  acndcmy,  N.  Y.  He  graduated 
at  Union  college  in  1822.  While  teaching  school 
at  Schenectady  and  Canandaigun,  he  studied  the- 
ology. He  was  first  settled  in  the  ministry  at 
Northampton,  Sept.  11,  1828,  as  colleague  with 
Mr.  Williams,  and  toiled  there  with  great  success 
between  three  and  four  years,  the  additions  to 
the  church  being  two  hundred.  He  was  dismissed 
March  12,  1832,  and  became  the  first  pastor  of 
the  second  Presbyterian  church  in  Brooklyn, 
where  he  remained  till  his  death.  At  his  funeral 
Dr.  Spruig  preached  the  sermon;  the  bearers 


SPKNtr.ll. 

wiTC  miiiiKlTiiwiihiirnrfn.of  till'  ItcfKrincd  F>iitc'h, 
('i)liKr<'^'iitiiiiiiil,  Mi'tliixli't,  llu|ili>il,  l''|ii«rii|iiil, 
nii<l  rt'i"<>i>li'ri'iti  (li'ii<iMiiiiMlii)ii>t.  Ill-  liail  lici'ii 
ill  lor  twit  jfiirHj  |ii<<  Ktillciin;.".  for  tlic  lint  llirii' 
wci'liK  wiTf  Kri'nt.  lit'  liml  ii  (lisfUNC  of  the  kiii- 
nv\H  iilid  iilccralion  of  thi*  liliidtlcr.  WIiimi  iiNkcd, 
••Ik  it  iK'iicf  with  you P"  lit'  ri'|)ll(il,  '•  ll  \n  ull 
peace."  lie  wiiN  II  taitlil'til  mid  very  kik'cckhI'uI 
luiiii-tiT.  K'*'"*f  liiniNi'lf  wholly  to  liin  projirr 
work,  llf  imltliihcd  two  voliiinci  of  p;iHinnd 
hkflclicH,  nnd  viirirxm  diiij^lf  KcriiioiiH.  His  ncr- 
inoii*)  with  n  Nki'trh  of  hitt  life,  wi>ri-  puldishcd 
hv  J.  M.  Sherwood,  with  ii  i)ortrait,  in  2  voU., 
1 «.').'». 

,srKN('I''Il,  Ki.iniAi.KT  M.,  miiuHtiT  of  Cnrroll, 
X.  Y.,  died  Mnrch  '■'((,  IHj.O,  iij^cd  (IS,  n  incinlicr 
of  thu  OtKi-go  I'rcMhytt'ry.  IIu  won  horn  in  (iri-iit 
HarrinKtoii,  Mmn.,  and  wait  a  hrotlicr  of  JuKhun 
,S.  of  L'ticn. 

Sl'KNCKH,  John  C,  ton  of  Judge  Anihroso 
S.,  died  of  the  conHUin]ition  at  Alliuny,  May  17, 
IH.j.J,  aj^c'd  07.  He  was  a  nieniher  of  ton);rt's,s 
from  Ontario  in  1810;  secretary  of  war  in  1811-1; 
and  Kccrctary  of  the  treasury.  He  lived  in  Can- 
andaigua  till  184i3,  when  he  removed  tq  Alhany. 
He  was  a  RUCCeNsful  lawyer,  and  held  variouH 
ofliceN  in  jjuhlic  life.  By  his  revision  of  the  stat- 
utes of  New  York  lie  gained  high  re])utation. 
He  WUM  a  man  of  intellect  and  intense  energy. 
He  helonged  to  the  anti-masonic  party,  when  Mr. 
Van  Huren  was  governor. 

SI'EN'CKU,  Gkouok,  died  ot  Clinton,  Iowa, 
Aug.  20,  1850,  aged  00.  He  lived  in  Utica,  and 
was  for  years  principal  of  the  academy ;  hut  ill 
health  compelled  him  to  ahundon  his  literary 
pur.suits.  lie  was  secretary  of  the  railroad  to 
Binghamton  ;  and  he  invented  a  car  ventilator. 
Ho  wos  serene  and  resigned  in  suffering,  lie 
went  to  Iowa  for  his  health.  He  pu'ilihhed  an 
irtroduction  to  Latin,  and  an  elahorutc  Knglmh 
grammar. 

SrOONER,  EPIIRAIM,  deacon,  a  venerable, 
much  esteemed  citizen  of  Plymouth,  Mass.,  died 
Sunday,  Morch  22,  1818,  oged  82.  He  was  a 
merchant  and  a  judge,  a  representative  and  coun- 
cillor. He  was  most  courteous,  and  he  performed 
all  the  acts  of  kindness  promised  hy  his  man- 
ners. In  the  Itcvolutiou  he  was  a  zealous  ])atriot. 
For  thirty-four  yeors  he  was  a  faithful  deacon  of 
the  church.  His  wife,  Elizabeth  Shurtleff,  died 
a  month  before  himj  he  departed  in  peace.  His 
sons,  James  and  Ebcnezer,  survived  him.  — 
Thacher's  Plymouth. 

SPOONER,  William,  M.  D.,  died  in  Boston, 
his  native  town,  in  1830,  aged  nearly  70.  He 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1778.  He  studied  with 
Dr.  Danforth,  ond  then  served  as  a  surgeon  in  a 
ship-of-war.  He  afterwards  studied  at  Edinburgh 
under  CuUcn,  Monro,  and  Black.     In   1786  he 


SI'll.UilK. 


751 


settled  ill  llo«lon.  whrre  he  olitninrd  a  giHMl 
»hare  of  Miciliiiil  priiclirr.  He  «a»  lieiii'Milciit 
mid  |iiililli-.|,iiiiid,  mid  in  his  inminer^  iilhiMo 
iilid  coiirlioiii..  Jiisrlili'Mt  son.  Williiiin  JnueHH., 
a  lawyer  of  l(o«loii,  died  in  IH'.'I  i  the  iiiilhiir.if 
II  phi  beta  knppii  orition,  wIiom-  nienioir  is  in  the 

hi-.!.  (i>ll..  vol.  .\.    -    Willi, im:i'  M,,l.   Iti<,;/. 

SI'OISO,  KamkI.,  wiiH  III!  Indian  leiieher  ut 
Naiiluckel  ill  l(i!tS.  There  \m  re  ihcii  on  the 
iiliiiid  two  (liiircluN,  tl\e  eongregalions,  and  llvo 
hiindreil  liidiiitiH.  Some  of  the  other  preaelierii 
were  Jo!)  Miikeniuk,  John  .VHlicinmii,  Netowuh, 
WiiniiiiliNOM,  iiiiil   .\oidi. 

Sl'lt.\(iri'.,  ltl(  IIAIIK,  V  plain,  an  eaily  set- 
tler of  Cliarlestown,  MusN.,  iliid  in  ICON,  iij{(.(l 
(i;i,  heipieathiiij;  about  ;l()  pouiwU  to  the  ehurrh. 
He  and  his  brothers  Kalph  and  William  began 
the  settlement  of  {".  in  1028,  two  uais  before 
Wiiithi'op  ami  bis  eoni|miiy  arrived  in  the  .\ro- 
belhi.  His  son,  Ciiiiluiii  Uiehanl.  died  in  ITOU, 
be(pieathiiig  a  parsonnge-hoiise  mid  lands  to  the 
cliiireh.  William  •removed  to  iliiigham.  H. 
Sjirague  of  Hiiigham  piibli^lied  an  lueotnit  of  the 
Spraguesin  1H28. —  Jtmliii'jlun'n  tJi.it.  <,f('/iarle»' 
loirii. 

SPIlAOri;,  .Toiix,  a  physician  in  Newbury- 
port,  died  in  17^  '  iged  li  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  17:10. 

SPHAfiir,,  John.  M.  I).,  a  physician  in  Ilos- 
tou,  died  in  17!)7,  aged  81.  He  was  graduated 
in  17!17;  married  the  daughter  of  Dr.  Lewis  Dal- 
Honde,  a  Frentli  physieian ;  and  had  extensive, 
jirolltable  jirncliee.  He  retired  to  Dedham  with 
a  second  wife,  a  lady  of  fortune.  In  I77!)hewa> 
a  member  of  the  .Massachusetts  constitutional 
convention.  —  T/iarlin: 

SPHAOUi;,  I'.DWAiiii,  minister  of  Dublin, 
X.  II.,  died  in  1817,  aged  7H.  He  was  the  son 
of  Dr.  Sjirague,  an  eminent  jihysician  of  Dedhnm, 
iind  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1770.  He  was  or- 
dained at  Dublin  before  1780.  Coming  into  pos- 
session, by  inheritance,  of  a  large  estate,  which  he 
sold  for  A)  (WO  dollars,  the  consequence  was  in- 
jurious by  reason  of  his  foolish  ex]ienses.  He 
died  from  wounds  by  the  ujiseliiiig  of  his  car- 
riage.    He  left  his  estate  to  his  ]mrish. 

SPllAGUE,  I)i;ii()KAii,  wife  of  Seth  Siirogue, 
died  at  Duxbury  Nov.  2,  18i;i,  aged  82.  She 
lived  with  her  husband  sixt)-four  years,  and  was 
the  mother  of  fifteen  children,  ull  of  whom  lived 
to  have  families ;  in  all,  her  descendants  at  the 
time  of  her  death  were  one  hundred  and  seventy- 
seven. 

SPUAGUE,  Sami'kl,  died  in  Boston  June  20, 
1844,  aged  00  ;  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution.  He 
was  an  enterprising  and  successful  mechanic, 
many  public  buildings  being  the  monuments  of 
his  skill  and  labor.  He  lived  ha|)])y  with  his  wife 
aud  children,  and  respected  and  esteemed  hy  Ids 


752 


SPKAGUE. 


Sl'KOAT. 


many  fripiidn.  The  name  of  hix  snn,  riiarlcs 
Spniffui',  skilled  in  theconstruttidn  of  good  verse, 
in  well  known. 

Sl'JlAUUK,  Sktii,  the  son  of  I'liiiieaK  of  Dux- 
bury,  was  horn  July  i,  17(i(),  and  died  .July  S, 
18-17,  njjed  87.  A  soldier  of  the  IJevolution,  he 
settled  in  Duxhury  in  husbandry  and  other  l)usi- 
iiesH, and  was  lonf^  a  mafjistrate  and  senrtor.  lie 
was  a  democrat  in  |)olllics.  In  various  moral  re- 
forms he  took  an  early  part,  lie  was  the  father 
of  many  eiiildren,  one  of  whom  is  I'ek'K,  horn 
A])ril  'J.~,  17!''\  Judge  of  the  l'.  S.  district  court. 
.SPKAGL'h,  Timothy  1).,  editor  of  the  literary 
magazine  at  Andover,  Conn.,  died  in  Oct.,  IS'li), 
aged  30.     He  graduated  at  Yale  in  XHio. 

Sl'UAGUK,  JosKi'ii  E.,  sheriff  of  Essex,  died 
of  apoi)lexy  at  Salem  Feb.  22,  18j2,  aged  C!). 
Born  in  S.,  the  son  of  Dr.  William  Stearns,  lie 
assumed  the  name  of  his  grandfather  Sprague, 
and  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1801.  A  member 
of  the  Essex  bar,  he  was  an  active  politician  of 
the  Jefferson  school.  He  was  clerk  of  court, 
postmaster,  and  high  sheriff.  lie  published  ora- 
tions. July  4,  1810.  and  1813. 

SrU.\CiUE,  AVn.i.i.\M,  governor  of  Ilhode 
Island,  died  in  Providence  Oct.  10,  1850,  aged 
56.  He  was  the  son  of  William  of  Cranston; 
was  a  representative  to  Congress  in  1835;  gov- 
ernor in  1838;  senator  of  the  United  States  in 
1842.  He  wa  connected  with  the  largest  cotton 
manufactory  in  the  State.  He  Iiad  talent  and 
judgment,  firmness  and  integrity,  and  in  his  liab- 
its  was  ])lain  and  abstemious. 

SPUING,  ALi'iiias,  minister  of  Eliot,  Maine, 
died  in  1791,  aged  abo\it  40.  He  graduated  at 
Princeton  in  1700,  and  was  settled  in  1708.  John 
Rogers,  the  first  minister,  was  settled  in  1721. 

SPRING,  Samiki.,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Ncwbu- 
ry])ort,  Mass.,  died  March  4,  1819,  aged  73.  lie 
was  born  in  Northbridge  Feb.  27, 1740,  and  grad- 
uated at  Princeton  college  in  1771.  He  was  the 
only  cha])lain  in  Arnold's  detachment,  which  pen- 
etrated through  the  wilderness  of  Maine  to  Que- 
bec in  1775.  On  his  return  in  1770  ho  left,  llie 
army.  He  was  ordained  Aug.  0,  1777.  His  wife 
was  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Ho])kins,  minister  of  llad- 
ley  ;  his  two  sons  were  ministers  in  New  York 
and  in  Hartford,  Conn.  Besides  his  labors  as 
minister.  Dr.  Sjiring  ])erformed  various  other 
important  public  services  ;  he  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Massachusetts  missionary  society 
in  1799,  and  its  ])resident;  he  assisted  also  in 
founding  the  theological  seminary  at  Andover, 
and  the  American  lioard  of  commissioners  for 
foreign  missions,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the  jiru- 
dential  committee.  In  his  theological  views  he 
accorded  with  Drs.  Hopkins,  Bellamy,  and  West, 
who  were  his  teachers,  lie  was  distinguished 
for  metaphysical  acuteness.  He  published  friendly 
dialogue  on  the  nature  of  duty,  1784;  disquisi- 


tion and  strictures  on  Rev.  D.  Tappnn's  letters 
to  Philalethes,  1789;  thanksgiving  sermon,  17!)1; 
a  missionary  sermon.  1802  ;  at  the  ordination  of 
H.  Bell,  1784;  ofC.ColHn.  1804;  of  S.  Walker. 
181)5;  inauguration  of  E.  I).  Griffin;  at  three 
thanksgivings;  on  the  death  of  Washington  ;  of 
T.  Thomjjson;  of  N.  Noyes,  1810;  on  sinners 
coming  to  Christ  immediately,  1780;  on  family 
j)rayer ;  to  missionary  society,  1802;  to  humane 
society,  1807  ;  on  agency  of  God  and  man  in  sal- 
vation, 1807;  to  benevolent  society,  1818;  on 
the  duel  between  Hamilton  and  Burr,  1804;  two 
discourses  on  Christ's  self-existence,  1805;  two 
fast  sermons,  1809,  which  occasioned  a  letter  from 
Mr.  Aikin ;  before  the  American  foreign  mission 
society,  1818. —  Spmijuc's  Aimah. 

SPiUNG,  ^Iaiisiiai.i.,  M.  1).,  a  physician, 
died  in  Jan.,  1818,  aged  75.  He  was  born  in 
Watertown,  Mass.  :  graduated  at  Harvard  col- 
lege in  1702;  and  settled  at  Waltham,  where  he 
had  extensive  jjractice.  He  disapproved  of  the 
resistance  to  Great  Britain,  and  was  n  tory ;  yet 
in  1801  ho  was  a  democrat,  or  an  atilierent  of 
Mr.  Jefferson.  To  his  son  he  left  a  fortune  of  be- 
tween two  and  three  liundred  thousand  dollars  ; 
but  betpieathed  nothing  to  religious  or  charita- 
ble institutions.  He  had  a  high  rejiutation  for 
medical  skill.  Many  resorted  to  him  as  to  iin 
oracle.  He  was  a  man  of  keenness  of  wit.  — 
Tliacher. 

SPROAT,  James,  D.  D.,  minister  in  Philadel- 
phia, died  in  1793,  aged  71.  He  was  born  at 
Scituate,  ^lass.,  Ajjril  11,  1722,  and  was  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  college  in  1741.  While  a  member 
of  this  seminary  he  heard  a  sermon  by  Gilhert 
Tennent,  which  made  the  most  permanent  im- 
])ressions  upon  his  mind.  He  was  ordained  Aug. 
23,  1 743,  a  minister  in  Guilford,  where  he  was 
highly  po])ular  and  very  useful.  Thence  he  re- 
moved to  I'liiladeljihia,  and  succeeded  Mr.  Ten- 
nent at  the  close  of  the  year  1708.  Here  he 
continued  til!  his  death.  Dr.  Green,  his  colleague, 
survived  him.  The  manner  of  his  funeral  showed 
the  high  esteem  in  which  he  was  held.  It  wa.'  at 
the  time  when  the  yellow  fever  made  such  ravages 
in  the  city,  and  when  even  two  or  three  mourning 
friends  were  seldom  seen  attending  a  corpse  to  the 
grave.  About  fifty  persons  followed  him,  and 
some  religious  negroes  voluntarily  offered  them- 
selves to  carry  the  bier.  He  was  a  respectable 
divine,  and  in  his  jiroaching  he  loved  to  dwell  on 
the  peculiar  doctrines  of  the  gospel.  His  life 
exhibited  a  most  amiable  view  of  the  influence  of 
religion.  The  copious  e-xtracts  from  his  diary  in 
the  assembly's  magazine  evince  his  piety  and  siili- 
mission  to  the  will  of  God  under  the  heaviest 
afHictions,  and  give  an  afl'ecting  account  of  the 
distress  occasioned  by  tlie  yellow  fever. 

SPROAT,  Ebexkeu,  colonel,  died  ot  Marietta 
suddenly  in  Feb.,  1805,  aged  03.    lie  was  the 


SPUltZIIEIM. 

Ron  of  Col.  Kbt'iiozer  S.  of  Mi(l(lIcl)orouf;h,  Muss.  ■ 
In  the  war  ho  had  tlic  rank  of  major;  and  was: 
nol)lo  in  ajipearanci',  six  fi'i-t  four  inches  hi^h, 
with  ii  model  form.     He  loved  his  fellow-soldiers, ! 
and  he  loved  a  joke.     Once  three  soldiers  dined  | 
on  ])oor  fare  at  his  mother's  inn  :  when  the  hill  1 
was  asked  for,  he  went  to  his  mother,  and  in-  j 
quirid  "IIow  much  it  was  worth  to  pick  those 
hones  ?"     She  said,  "  A  shilling."    lie  returned,  I 
and  from  the  money-drawer  paid  each  man  a  shil- 
liu;»,  much  to  their  satisfaction.    He  was  appointed 
ft  surveyor  of  lands  in  Ohio.     The  Indians  called 
him  Hctuck  or  Big  Ihickeye  ;  hence  the  name  of 
Buckeye  to  the  natives  of  Ohio.     lie  was  sheriff 
fourteen  years  of  the  county  of  Washington. — 
JJildrclIi's  Bioij.  Memoirs. 

SrUUZIIEIM,  John  Gaspak,  M.  D.,  died  at 
Boston  Nov.  10,  1832,  ngcd  oo.  lie  was  horn 
near  Treves  on  the  Moselle  in  Germany,  and  be- 
came acquainted  with  Dr.  Gall  in  1800,  and 
became  his  fellow-laborer.  After  lecturing  in 
Europe  he  came  to  America,  and  commenced 
some  courses  of  lectures  on  ])hrcnology  Sept.  17, 
and  soon  died  after  an  illness,  by  the  tyjjhus  fever, 
of  three  weeks. 

SQl' AXTO,  a  notvvl  Indian  at  riymouth,  called 
also  Sisquantum  and  Tisquantum,  was  a  native  of 
Plymouth,  and  joined  the  Pilgrims  as  their  inter- 
preter in  1621.  He  had  been  carried  off  in  KJH 
with  seven  other  Indians  by  Thomas  Hunt,  and 
sold  as  a  slave  at  20  poimds  in  ^Malaga.  His 
services  were  important.  He  taught  the  peo])le 
how  to  plant  corn  and  catch  fish.  He  died  in 
Dec,  1022. 

SQUAW,  Saciii.M,  queen  of  the  Indians  in 
New  England,  was  the  wife  of  Wcbbacowitts, 
who  was  a  powah  or  jjowwow,  and  king  in  right 
of  his  wife.  She  submitted  to  the  jurisdiction  of 
Massachusetts  in  lO'l  I. 

STACEY,  William,  colonel,  died  in  Marietta 
in  1804.  A  native  of  Massachusetss,  he  was  a 
patriot  soldier,  lie  was  taken  ]n'isoner  by  the 
tories  and  Indians  at  Cherry  Valley,  and  was  a 
])ris()Mer  four  years.  In  1789  he  emigrated  from 
New  Salem  to  Marietta. —  Ilildreih. 

STACEY,  Josi'.PH,  the  first  minister  of  Kings- 
ton, died  in  1741,  aged  47.  Bt)ni  in  Cambridge, 
lie  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1719,  and  was  set- 
tled in  1720.  His  successors  were  Maccarty. 
Hand,  and  Willis.  He  was  very  abstemious,  and 
took  delight  in  fishing  and  fowling ;  but  diligent 
in  his  ministerial  duties  and  of  eminent  ])iety. 
Tiiis  jiarish  was  set  olf  from  Plymouth,  and  Major 
John  Bradford  gave  him  two  acres  of  land,  on 
which  he  built  his  house. 

STAEFOItl),  WaiU),  minister  in  Xew  York, 
died  in  18Jl,  aged  about  (JO.  Born  in  AVashing- 
ton,  X.  H.,  he  graduated  at  Y'ale  in  1812;  and 
was  settled  over  the  Bowery  church,  which  ])lace 
he  resigned  in  1828.  He  was  afterwards  settled 
05 


STANDISH. 


76S 


at  Youngstown,  Ohio.  His  successors  at  Xew 
Y'ork  were  J.  S.  CiuisMnas  and  Dr.  Woodliridge. 
STAXDISII.  Mil  IS,  the  licro  of  Xew  England, 
died  in  Duxbury,  .Mass.,  Oct.  il,  UJ.V!,  aged  about 
72.  He  was  born  in  Lancashire  about  the  year 
l.j84.  After  having  served  for  some  time  in  the 
army  in  the  Xetherlands.  he  settled  with  Mr. 
Robinson's  congregation  at  I.eyden.  Though  not 
a  mend)er  of  the  eli'.rch.  he  endiarked  with  the 
company  that  came  to  Xew  I'.ugland  in  1G20,  and 
was  chosen  captain  or  chief  military  commander 
at  Plymouth.  In  every  hazardous  enterprise,  he 
was  foremost;  he  was  resolute  and  daring;  and 
often,  when  in  great  danger,  was  guarded  by  the 
l)rovidence  of  God.  His  wife,  Bose,  died  Jan.  29, 
1021.  His  second  wife  was  Barbara.  His  chil- 
dren were  Alexander,  Miles,  Josiah,  and  Lora ; 
also  Charles  aad  John,  who  died  early.  Alex- 
ander married  Sarah  .\lden,  and  left  children ; 
Miles  married  Sarah  Winslow,  and  lived  in  Bos- 
ton ;  Josiah.  captain,  lived  in  Xorwich  or  Preston, 
Conn.,  and  had  nine  children.  Lora  died  before 
her  father.  Her  samjjler  is  preserved  in  Pil- 
grim's hall,Plymoutli,  as  follows: 

*•  Lora  Stninlisli  is  my  immo. 
TiOril.  miiiU'  inv  lu'iirt  tliiit  I 
Mny  ilfM'  thy  wiU.     Also  fill 
My  hiimls  with  Htich  coiivi'iili'iit  pkill, 
As  nmy  roiiddci'  to  virtuo  vniil  of  shanio; 
And  1  will  Bivc  tlic  plory  to  thy  iinmc." 

In  1623  he  was  sent  to  Wessagusset  or  Wey- 
mouth, to  jirotect  the  settlers  there  from  a  con- 
s])iracy  of  the  Indians,  which  Massassoit  had 
disclosed.  Having  chosen  eight  men,  he  went  to 
the  ])lantation  under  ])retence  of  trade,  and  he 
found  it  in  a  most  ))erilous  condition.  The  pco])]e, 
by  their  unjust  and  disorderly  conduct,  had  made 
themselves  contemptible  in  the  eyes  of  the  In- 
dians. To  give  the  s;,vr.ges  satisfaction  on  account 
of  corn  whicli  had  been  .■iteleii,  they  pretended  to 
hang  the  thief,  but  burg  in  his  stead  a  poor,  de- 
erepid  old  man.  After  Staiidish  arrived  at  Wey- 
mouth he  was  insulted  and  threatened  by  the 
Indians,  who  had  been  nanie'd  as  cons])irators. 
Taking  an  op])ortunity.  when  a  number  of  them 
were  together,  he  killed  five,  without  losing  any 
of  his  men.  He  himself  seized  Pecksuot,  a  bold 
chief,  snatched  his  knife  from  his  neck,  and  killed 
him  with  it.  The  teiror  witli  which  this  entcr- 
])rise  filled  the  savages  was  of  great  advantage  to 
the  colonists.  When  the  re))ort  of  this  transac- 
tion was  carried  to  Holland,  Mr.  Uobinson,  in  his 
next  letter  to  the  governor,  exclaimed, '•()  that 
you  had  converted  some,  before  you  killed  any ! " 
Ca])taiu  Standish  was  one  of  the  magistrates  or 
assistants  as  long  as  he  lived.  At  Duxbury  he 
had  a  tract  of  land,  known  by  the  name  of"  Cap- 
tain's hill."'  Mr.  Hubbard  says  of  him  :  "A  little 
chimney  is  soon  fired;  so  was  the  Plymouth  cap- 
tain, a  man  of  a  very  small  stature,  yet  of  a  very 
hot  and  angry  temper.      Ho  hud  been  bred  a 


754 


STANDISH. 


STARR. 


Boldier  in  the  low  countries,  and  never  entered 
into  the  school  of  Christ,  or  of  John  the  Baptist." 
It  does  not  appear,  however,  that  in  his  military 
expeditions  he  exceeded  his  orders.  Morton  says, 
that  he  fell  asleep  in  the  Lord.  —  Belknap's 
Amer.  Biog.  i.  310-336. 

STANDISH,  William,  a  descendant  of  Miles 
S.,  died  in  Pemhroke,  Mass.,  in  November,  1828, 
aged  93. 

STANFORD,  John,  D.  D.,  a  Baptist  minister, 
died  in  New  York  Jan.  14,  1834,  aged  80. 

STANFORD,  Joshua,  died  in  Dublin,  N.  II., 
Dec.  12,  1856,  aged  103  years  and  8  months. 

STANLEY,  John,  an  eminent  lawyer  of  North 
Carolina,  died  in  1833.  He  was  a  member  of 
congress. 

STANLEY,  Anthony  D.,  died  in  East  Hart- 
ford March  16, 1853,  aged  42,  professor  of  mathe- 
matics in  Yale  college,  where  he  was  graduated 
in  1830.  He  published  a  treatise  on  spherical 
trigonometry,  an  edition  of  Day's  algebra,  and  a 
set  of  mathematical  tables;  and  left  projected 
labors  unfinished. 

STANTON,  Edward,  died  in  Stonington  in 
1832,  aged  71 ;  a  defender  of  fort  Griswold.  Shot 
through  the  body.  Col.  Van  Buskirk  gave  him  a 
silk  cap  to  place  in  the  wound,  and  gave  him  a 
cup  of  water,  —  the  only  acts  of  kindness  that 
day :  honor  to  the  name  of  this  British  officer. 
S.  kept  the  cap  till  his  death. 

STANTON,  Henry,  brigadier-general,  died  at 
fort  Hamilton  Aug.  2,  1856,  aged  about  70.  lie 
was  of  the  quartermaster's  department. 

STANWIX,  colonel,  commanded  a  consider- 
able force  in  1757,  designed  for  the  protection  of 
the  western  frontiers.  In  1758  he  erected  a  fort 
on  the  north  side  of  the  Mohawk,  at  the  carrying- 
place  to  Wood  creek,  and  called  it  fort  Stanwix. 
It  was  designed  in  part  for  the  security  of  the 
friendly  Indians.  He  then  had  the  rank  of  brig- 
adier-general. 

STAR,  Comfort,  a  minister  in  England,  died 
at  Leeds  in  Sussex  in  1711,  aged  86.  His  father, 
of  the  same  name,  a  ])hysician,  cf.me  from  Ash- 
ford,  E.,  and  lived  in  Cambridge  in  1634;  then  in 
Puxbury;  last  in  Boston,  where  he  died  in  1660. 
Born  in  Ashford,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  the. 
fifth  class  in  1647,  and  was  a  tutor  and  fellow. 
Returning  to  E.,  he  was  a  minister  in  Cumber- 
land till  deprived  by  the  act  of  uniformity ;  then 
at  Leeds. 

STARK,  John,  major-general,  died  May  8, 
1822,  aged  93.  He  was  the  son  of  Archibald  S., 
a  native  of  Glasgow,  who  married  in  Ireland ; 
was  born  at  Londonderry,  N.  H.,  Aug.  28,  1728. 
In  1736  his  fiithcr  removed  to  Derryfield,  now 
Manchester,  on  the  Merrimac.  While  on  a  hunt- 
ing expedition,  he  was  taken  prisoner  by  the  St. 
Francis  Indians  in  1752,  but  was  soon  redeemed 
at  an  expense  of  103  dollars,  paid  by  Mr.  Wheel- 


wright of  Boston.  To  raise  this  money,  he  re- 
paired on  another  hunting  expedition  to  the  An- 
droscoggin. Ho  afterwards  served  in  a  company 
of  rangers  with  Rogers,  being  made  a  cajitain  in 
1750.  On  hearing  of  the  battle  of  Lexington,  he 
repaired  to  Cambridge,  and,  receiving  a  colonel's 
commission,  enlisted  in  the  same  day  eight  hun- 
dred men.  He  fought  in  the  battle  of  Breed's 
hill,  June  17,  1775,  his  regiment  forming  the  left 
of  the  line,  and  repulsing  three  times,  by  their 
deadly  fire,  the  veteran  Welsh  fusileers,  who  ha(l 
fought  at  Mindcn.  His  only  defence  was  a  rail- 
fence,  covered  with  hay  to  resemble  a  breastwork. 
In  May,  1770,  he  proceeded  from  New  York  to 
Canada.  In  the  attack  on  Trenton  he  com- 
manded the  van  of  the  right  wing.  He  was  also 
engaged  in  the  battle  of  Princeton.  Displeased 
at  being  neglected  in  a  list  of  promotions,  he 
resigned  his  commission  in  March,  1777,  and  re. 
tired  to  his  farm.  In  order  to  impede  the  prog- 
ress of  Burgoyne,  he  proposed  to  the  council  of 
New  Hampshire  to  raise  a  body  of  troops,  and 
fall  upon  his  rear.  In  the  battle  of  Bennington, 
so  called,  though  fought  six  miles  northwest  from 
B.,  in  the  borders  of  New  York,  Saturday,  Aug. 
16,  1777,  he  defeated  Col.  Baum,  killing  two  hun- 
dred and  seven,  and  making  seven  hundred  and 
fifty  prisoners.  The  place  was  near  Van  Schaack's 
mills,  on  a  branch  of  the  Iloosuck,  called  by  Dr. 
Holmes  Walloon  creek;  by  others  Walloora- 
sack,  and  Walloomschaick,  and  Looms-chovk. 
This  event  awakened  confidence,  and  led  to  the 
capture  of  Burgoyne.  Of  those  who  fought  in 
this  battle,  the  names  of  T.  Allen,  J.  Orr,  and 
others,  are  recorded  in  this  volume.  In  Septem- 
ber he  enlisted  a  new  and  larger  force,  and  joined 
Gates.  In  1778  and  1779  he  served  in  Rhode 
Island,  and  in  1780  in  New  Jersey.  In  1781  he 
had  the  command  of  the  northern  department  at 
Saratoga.  At  the  close  of  the  war,  he  bade  adieu 
to  public  employments.  In  1818  congress  voted 
him  a  pension  of  60  dollars  per  month.  John, 
his  third  son,  died  in  Manchester,  N.  II.,  in  1844, 
aged  82. — He  was  buried  on  a  small  bilinear  the 
Merrimac;  a  granite  obelisk  has  the  inscription, 
"Maj.  Gen.  Stark."  A  memoir  of  his  lile  was 
published,  annexed  to  reminiscences  of  the  French 
war,  12rao.,  1831. 

STARK,  Andrew,  LL.  D.,  pastor  of  the  asso- 
ciate Presbyterian  church.  New  York,  thirty  years, 
died  in  Scotland  Sept.  18,  1849,  aged  58,  a  faith- 
ful and  useful  minister. 

STARR,  Peter,  minister  of  Warren,  Conn., 
died  in  1829,  aged  84.  Born  in  Danbury,  he 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1764 ;  was  a  pastor  sixty 
years ;  and  was  the  oldest  minister  in  the  State. 
Hart  Talcott  was  settled  in  1825. 

STARR,  John,  a  physician,  died  at  Northwood, 
N.  H.,  Sept.  8,  1851,  aged  67.  The  son  of  Dr. 
Ebenezer  S.  of  Dunstable,  he  graduated  at  Ilar- 


STAUGIITON. 

rard  in  1804,  and  studied  physic  with  Dr.  M.  1 
[■"na-'ilding.     Ho  commenced  i)ractirc  in   Pcter- 
'■      'if^h.     After    thrco    ycais    he    removed    to 
ihwood,  where  he  toiled   in  his   jjrofession 
.,i;v-Hix  years. 

siAl'GIITOX,  William,  T).  1).,  died  nt 
Washington  Dec.  12,  18l!9,  aged  59;  a  Uajjtist, 
formerly  president  of  Columbia  college.  He  was 
on  his  way  to  Georgetown  college,  Ky.  He  came 
from  iMigland  in  1 798 ;  and  had  been  jjastor  of  a 
church  in  Philadelphia  six  years,  from  18()o.  He 
published  an  eulogium  on  Dr.  Hush,  1813;  ad- 
dress at  opening  of  Columbia  college  at  Wash- 
ington, 1822. 

STAUNTON,  Benjamin,  an  eminent  physi- 
cian of  Newjjort,  II.  I.,  died  at  a  very  advanced 
age  in  17C0.  Other  physicians  of  N.,  who  died 
before  him,  were  James  Noyes  and  Clarke  Hod- 
man, and  his  son  William. 

STEAIINS,  JosiAH,  died  in  Epping,  N.  H., 
July  25, 1788,  aged  56,  in  the  thirtieth  year  of 
his  ministry.  He  was  the  son  of  John  of  Biller- 
icn.  and  of  Esther,  who  was  descended  from  the 
celebrated  Capt.  Edward  Johnson.  His  ancestor 
John  lived  in  B.  at  its  incorporation  in  1065,  and 
his  earliest  ancestor  in  this  country  was  Isaac  of 
Watertown,  in  1630,  who  died  Aug.  29,  1670, 
leaving  sons  Isaac,  Samuel,  and  probably  others. 
lie  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1751.  He  had  two 
wives,  Sarah  Abbot  of  Andovcr,  and  Sarah  liug- 
gles  of  Billerica,  and  had  six  sons  and  six  daugh- 
ters. He  published  two  sermons  on  the  love  of 
God,  preached  at  Exeter  for  the  benefit  of  the 
students  of  the  academy ;  also  at  ordination  of 
S.  Gile,  1807;  of  T.  Skelton,  1808;  of  E.  P. 
Sperry,  1813;  on  the  death  of  I).  Bacon,  1810; 
of  ]'i.  Stone,  1822;  on  the  peace,  1815;  at  a 
dedication,  1817;  to  society  for  Christian  knowl- 
edge, 1820.  —  N.  II.  Repos. ;  Spmgiic's  Annal.i. 

STEARNS,  Charles,  D.  D.,  died  at  Lincoln 
July  26, 1826,  aged  74.  A  native  of  Leominster, 
a  graduate  of  1773,  he  was  ordained  in  1781  the 
successor  of  William  Lawrence,  the  first  minis- 
ter. He  published  a  sermon  on  music,  1792  ;  a 
poem,  1797;  principles  of  religion,  1807;  on  the 
death  of  E.  Brooks,  1807 ;  before  a  bible  society; 
convention  sermon,  1815. 

STEARNS,  Samuel,  son  of  Rev.  Josiali  S., 
died  at  Bedford,  Mass.,  Dec.  26,  1834,  aged  66, 
in  the  thirty-ninth  year  of  his  ministry.  He  was 
highly  respected.  He  was  a  grandson  of  Rev. 
Samuel  Ruggles  of  Billerica,  and  father  of  W.  A. 
Stearns,  president  of  Amherst  college.  He  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1794,  and  studied 
tlieology  with  Rev.  Jonathan  French  of  .Vndover, 
whose  daughter  he  married.  Ordained  .\])ril  27, 
1795,  he,  in  consequence  of  a  division,  became, 
June  5,  1833,  the  minister  of  the  Trini  arian  Con- 
gregational society,  yet  pastor  of  the  same  church. 
He  published  a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of  Sam- 


STEBBINS. 


755 


uel  Gile,  1807;  of  T.  Skelton,  Foxborough,  1808; 
on  the  murder  of  David  liucon,  1810;  at  the  or- 
dination of  K.  P.  Sjicrry,  Dunstable,  1813;  at 
the  didiculion  of  n  meeting-house  in  B.  in  1817  ; 
before  Mass.  society  for  iminioting  Christian 
knowledge,  1820  ;  at  the  funeral  of  Mr.  Stone,  of 
Reading;  address  at  Dracut  on  the  return  of 
jjcarp,  1814. — Boston  livcorder,  Jan.  2,  1835; 
April  24. 

STllARNS,  Samitx  Hoiwtio,  a  minister  in 
Boston,  died  in  Paris  July  15,  1837,  aged  35.  He 
was  the  son  of  the  preceding,  born  at  Bedford 
Sept.  12,  1801 ;  was  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1823;  and  ordained  over  the  old  south  church 
in  Boston  .\pril  16,  1834.  In  ill  health,  he  was 
invited  by  Rev.  E.  E.  Salisbury  to  visit  with  him 
the  south  of  Europe.  He  died  in  France.  A 
volume  of  his  life  and  discourses  was  published 
in  1838.  The  interesting  account  of  him,  in  one 
hundred  and  ninety-two  pages,  was  prepared  by 
his  brother,  W.  A.  Stearns,  now  president  of  Am- 
herst college.  —  Sjiragne's  Annals. 

STEARNS,  A.SAHEL,  LL.  D.,  professor  of  law 
at  Cambridge,  died  Feb.  5, 1839,  aged  64.  He  was 
born  at  Lunenburg  in  1774,  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1797,  and  practised  law  many  years  at 
Chelmsford.  He  was  a  member  of  Congress  in 
1815-1817.  He  was  professor  from  1817  till 
1829,  when  he  resigned  his  place.  He  died  at 
Cambridge.  lie  published  a  volume  on  real  ac- 
tions, 1824,  and  was  one  of  the  commissioners  to 
revise  the  statutes  of  the  commonwealth.  He 
was  a  skilful  lawyer,  a  zealous  advocate,  and  a 
man  of  integrity. 

STEARNS,  SiLAS,  a  Baptist  minister,  died  in 
Bath,  ^le.,  in  1840,  aged  55. 

STEARNS,  John,  M.  D.,  died  in  New  York 
March  18, 1848,  aged  nearly  78;  president  of  the 
N.  Y.  medical  society.  A  native  of  Wilbraham, 
Mass.,  he  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1789.  He 
was  a  devoted  practitioner  and  a  CMisistent 
Christian,  being  connected  with  Dr.  Milnor's 
church.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  tract 
society,  and  chairman  of  the  finance  committee, 
lie  died  in  peace. 

STEBBINS,  Stephen  Williams,  minister  of 
Westhaven,  Conn.,  died  Aug.  15,  1843,  aged  85. 
Born  in  Longmeadow  in  1758,  the  grandson  of 
Dr.  Stephen  Williams,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in 
1782.  lie  declined  an  in\itation  to  succeed  his 
grandfather  at  L.,  and  was  settled  at  Stratford, 
where  he  remained  twenty-nine  years,  and  then 
for  twenty-eight  years  was  the  pastor  of  West- 
haven.  His  form  was  erect  and  noble,  his 
countenance  was  bland  and  expressive  :  he  had 
intellect,  judgment,  feeUng.  He  was  humble, 
self-denying,  condescending,  and  holy;  and  his 
death  was  peace. 

STEBBINS,  Cyrus,  D.  D,,  died  at  Waterford, 
N.  J.,  in  1841,  aged  68. 


756 


STEBBINS . 


STEUBEN. 


STEBBINS,  Damf.i,,  Dr.,  died  in  Northnmp- 
ton,  Mass.,  Oct.  7,  lM,j(),  uj;e(l  00  years  nnd  fi 
months.  He  was  tlie  son  of  Josejih  of  Will)ra- 
ham,  a  dcseendniit  of  Itowelaiid,  who  came  from 
Enfrliuul  ill  1(J34  and  wiis  nmoiij,'  the  first  settlors 
of  Springfield  in  KilJO.  To  tliis  ancestor,  from 
■whom  Dr.  S.  descended  in  tlie  seventli  genera- 
tion, he  erected  n  >;raiiitc  moiiunieiit  in  Xortli- 
am])ton,  where  he  died  in  1(!71.  He  f^rnduated 
at  Yale  in  I'HH,  leavinj;  only  two  survivors  of 
his  class,  llev.  ])aiiiel  AViildo,  chaplain  in  con- 
gress, oged  94,  and  Judge  John  Woodworth  of 
Troy.  He  was  educated  as  a  ])hysician,  and  jirac- 
tised  a  few  years.  He  came  to  Xorthamjjtou  in 
1806.  For  thirty-five  years  he  was  the  county 
treasurer,  annually  chosen  by  the  j)eople.  He 
was  a  man  of  integrity  and  ])iety,  industrious,  in- 
terested in  all  the  objects  which  conduce  to  the 
public  welfare.  His  last  days  were  embittered 
by  suffering,  and  by  the  decay  of  his  intellectual 
powers  j  but  ho  cherished  the  hope,  through  the 
gospel,  that  they  would  flourish  anew,  subject  to 
no  second  decay. 

STEDMAN,  C,  published  a  history  of  the 
American  war,  2  vols.  4to.,  London,  1794. 

STEEL,  Stephen,  the  first  minister  of  Tol- 
land, Conn.,  died  in  1709,  aged  62,  in  the-  thirty- 
seventh  year  of  his  ministry.  Born  in  Iladley, 
Mass.,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1718.  Nathan 
Williams  was  his  successor. 

STEELE,  John,  a  useful  magistrate  at  Hart- 
ford in  1636,  was  the  first  secretary  of  the  gov- 
ernment. He  removed  to  Farmington  in  1651, 
and  died  in  1664.  He  was  one  of  the  legislators, 
■who,  to  what  was  called  Newtown,  gave  the  name 
of  Hartford,  probably  because  Mr.  Stone  was 
bom  in  H.,  England.  The  seal  of  Hartford,  by 
Mr.  Hartley,  is  a  hart  fording  a  stream  ;  the  crest 
an  eagle,  with  the  motto,  "  Post  nubila  Phccbus." 
It  is  described  in  "  Hartford  in  the  olden  time." 
STEELE,  John,  general,  died  near  Salisbury, 
N.  C,  August,  1815.  He  was  a  member  of  con- 
gress soon  after  the  ado])tion  of  the  constitution, 
and  comptroller  of  the  treasury ;  a  man  of  pro- 
found knowledge  and  strong  reasoning  powers. 

STEELE,  Marshfield,  minister  of  Machias, 
Me.,  died  in  1832,  aged  60.  Born  in  Hartford, 
Conn.,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1790,  and  was 
ordained  in  1800. 

STEELE,  John,  M.  D.,  missionary,  died  at 
Madura  Oct.  6, 1842,  aged  38.  Born  in  Hebron, 
N.  Y.,  he  embarked  at  Boston  in  1836.  He  was 
highly  respected ;  his  end  was  perfect  peace. 
His  wife  was  Mary  Snell  of  Flainfield,  Mass. 

STEERS,  George,  a  distinguished  shipbuilder, 
died  on  Long  Island  Sept.  25,  1856.  He  was 
riding,  when  his  horse  ran  away  ^nd  threw  him, 
the  injury  causing  his  death.  He  constructed 
the  famous  yacht  America,  which  won  the  race  at 
Cowes  in  1851.    The  steamers  Niagara  and  Adri- 


atic, built  by  him.  exhibited  great  beauty  and 
syninictry. 

STl'.l'ilKNS,  Joji.v  L.,  a  traveller,  died  at 
New  York  Oct.  13,  1K52,  ajjed  4(!.  Born  in 
Shrcwsl)ury,  X.  J.,  he  graduated  at  Cohmibia 
colk'tje  in  1822.  He  studied  and  ])racliscd  law, 
but  ill  hcallh  compelled  him  to  travel.  From 
1834  to  lS3(i  he  visited  Euroj)e,  Greece, and  Tur- 
key. President  Van  Buren  sent  him  as  ambassa- 
dor to  Central  America  in  1839  in  order  to  nego- 
tiate a  treaty.  He  was  concerned  in  the  first 
lines  of  steamers  to  Eurojie ;  was  a  director  in 
the  ocean  steam  navigation  com])aiiy,  and  ])resi- 
dent  of  the  Panama  railroad  company,  and  ])assed 
the  winter  of  1851  on  the  isthmus  of  liaiien. 
The  iron  track  between  the  Atlantic  and  the  ]'a- 
cific  will  be  forever  associated  with  his  name.  He 
published  incidents  of  travel  in  Egyjit,  etc.,  1837  ; 
in  Greece,  Turkey,  etc.,  1838;  in  Central  Amer- 
ica, 1841;  in  Yucatan.  —  Cyl.  of  Am.  Lit. 

STEPHENSON,  James,  D.  D.,died  in  Maury 
county,  Tenn.,  in  1832. 

STETSOX,  Ellen,  Miss,  a  missionary  to  the 
Cherokces,  died  at  Dwight  Dec.  29,  1848,  aged 
05.  Born  at  Kingston,  Mass.,  she  entered  upon 
her  labors  as  teacher  of  the  female  school  in  1821 
at  "  Old  Dwight."  In  1829  she  removed  to  the 
new  station.  She  was  very  humble,  yet  full  of 
peace ;  a  most  faithful  and  useful  laborer  for  the 
good  of  Cherokee  girls  during  27  years. 

STEUBEN,  Frederick  Willlvm,  baron  de, 
a  major-general  in  the  American  army,  died  at 
Steubenville.  N.  Y.,  in  1794,  aged  61.'  He  was 
a  Prussian  officer,  wlio  served  many  years  in  the 
armies  of  Frederick,  and  afterwards  entered  the 
service  of  Prince  Charles  of  Baden.  He  had  the 
ronk  of  lieutenant-general,  and  was  also  a  canon 
of  the  church.  With  on  income  of  2500  dollars 
a  year,  he  passed  his  winters  at  Paris,  and  there 
became  acquainted  with  Franklin.  He  arrived 
at  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  in  Nov.  1777,  with  strong 
recommendations  to  congress.  He  claimed  no 
rank,  and  only  requested  permission  to  serve  as 
a  volunteer.  Ho  was  soon  appointed  to  the  office 
of  inspector-general  with  the  rank  of  major-gen- 
eral. He  established  a  uniform  system  of  ma- 
noeuvres, and  by  his  skill  and  persevering  industry 
eflFected  during  the  continuance  of  the  troo])s  at 
Valley  Forge  a  most  important  improvement  in 
all  ranks  of  the  army.  He  was  a  volunteer  in 
the  action  at  Monmouth,  and  commanded  in  the 
trenches  of  Yorktown  on  the  day  which  concluded 
the  struggle  with  Great  Britain.  He  was  an 
accomplished  gentleman  and  a  virtuous  citizen, 
of  extensive  knowledge  and  sound  judgment. 
His  aids  were  North,  Popham,  and  Walker.  The 
following  anecdotes  will  illustrate  his  character. 
When  in  Virginio,  a  militia-colonel  rode  up  with 
a  boy,  and  said,  "  I  have  brought  you  a  recruit." 
The  baron  patted  the  boy  on  his  head,  and  asked 


STEUBEN. 

his  age,  and  in  his  indignation  nt  tlip  chrnt  ordered  : 
tiie  foloni'l  to  1)0  dismounted,  nnspurrcd,  and 
turned  into  tlie  ranks;  nnd  said  to  tiie  lad,  "(Jo, 
niy  l)oy,  take  tlic  colonel's  spurs  and  horses  to 
his  wife;  —  make  my  eoniiilinients,  and  say,  her 
husliand  has  fjone  to  (ijjlil  I'or  the  t'reedoni  of  his 
country,  as  an  lionest  man  should  do.  liy  jila- 
tonns!  to  the  ri^'ht  wheel!  forward  march !  "  On 
the  arrival  of  the  corjjs  at  Itoanoke,  the  colonel 
cscai)ed,  and  a])])lied  iu  vain  to  (iovernor  Jetl'ersoii 
for  redress.  At  a  review  in  Morristown  l\c  ar- 
rested a  Lient.  Gil)l)ons  for  a  fault  of  which  he 
was  innocent;  hut,  ascertaining  his  innocence,  he 
desired  him  to  come  to  the  front,  when  he  said  : 
"  Sir,  the  fault  which  was  committed  would  have 
hcen  perilous  in  the  presence  of  an  enemy,  hut  it 
was  not  yours;  I  ask  your  pardon;  return  to 
vour  command ;  "  and  this  was  said  with  his  hat 
off,  and  the  rain  ])ouriug  on  his  reverend  head. 
AVhat  officer  would  not  respect  the  veteran  ?  On 
leaving  a  sick  iiid-de-camp  in  Virginia,  he  said, 
"There  is  my  sulkey,  and  here  is  half  of  my 
money;  I  can  do  no  more."  For  amusement  he 
sometimes  miscalled  words  in  English,  similar  in 
sound.  Mrs.  Washhigton,  at  the  dinner-tahle, 
asked  him  once  what  he  had  caught,  when  he 
went  a-fishing.  He  replied  that  he  liad  caught 
two  fish,  adding,  "  I  am  not  sure,  hut  I  think  one 
of  them  was  awliale." — "  A  whale,  baron,  in  the 
North  river  ?  "  —  "  Yes,  I  assure  you,  a  very  line 
whale ;  was  it  not  ?  "  aj>poaling  to  one  of  liis  aids, 
who  replied,  "  An  eel,  baron."  At  the  house  of 
Mrs.  Livingston,  the  mother  of  the  chancellor, 
he  was  introduced  to  a  Miss  Sheaff.  "I  am 
hap])y,"  said  lie,  "  to  be  presented  to  you,  though 
at  a  great  risk ;  from  my  youth  I  have  been  cau- 
tioned against  mischief,  but  I  had  no  idea  that 
her  attractions  were  so  powerful ! "  "When  the 
army  was  disbanded,  and  the  old  soldiers  shook 
hands  in  farewell,  Lieut.  Col.  Cochran,  a  Green 
Mountain  veteran,  said,  "  For  myself  I  could 
stand  it,  but  my  wife  and  daughters  are  in  the 
garret  of  that  wretched  tavern,  and  I  have  no 
means  of  removing  them."  —  "Come,"  said  the 
baron,  "  I  will  pay  my  respects  to  Mrs.  C.  and  her 
daughters  ; "  and  when  he  left  them  their  coun- 
tenances were  brightened,  for  he  gave  them  all 
he  had  to  give.  This  was  at  Newburg.  On  the 
wharf  he  saw  a  poor  wounded  blaek  man,  who 
wanted  a  dollar  to  pay  for  his  passage  to  his 
home.  Of  whom  the  baron  borrowed  the  dol- 
lar, it  is  not  known;  but  he  soon  returned, 
when  the  negro  hailed  the  sloop,  and  cned,  "  God 
bless  you,  master  baron ! '"  The  State  of  New 
Jersey  gave  him  a  small  farm.  New  York  gave 
him  10,000  acres  in  Oneida  county;  a  pension  of 
2J00  dollars  was  also  given  him.  lie  built  him 
a  log  house  at  Steubenville,  gave  a  tenth  j)art  of 
his  land  to  his  aids  and  servants,  and  parcelled 
out  the  rest  to  twenty  or  thirty  tenants.    His 


STEVENS.  757 

library  was  his  chief  solace.  Having  little  exer- 
cise, he  died  of  llic  a|iO|iiixy.  .V^'rceally  tn  IiIh 
recjuest  he  was  wrn|>|M(l  in  lli^  cluak  iuid  liuiiid 
in  a  i)hiin  colIin  williout  a  sldiie.  lie  was  a  lic- 
liever  in  Jesus  Christ,  a  n\tnilier  of  tlu'  rcfornied 
Dutch  church,  New  York.  An  ulistract  of  his 
system  of  discipline  was  published  in  17"!),  and 
in  17NI  he  ])ul)lishe(l  a  letter  on  the  mjI  jcct  of  an 
established  niiiilia  and  inililiiry  arraiifiinicnts. 

Sl'KVKXS,  JosM'll,  minister  of  Ciuuli'stown, 
>Lass.,  tiio  son  "f  Jose]ih  S.,  died  of  tlie  snuill 
l>ox  Nov.  10,  17_'l,  aged  10.  He  was  born  in 
Andover;  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  iu 
1703;  and  was  ordained  colleague  with  Mr. 
Hradstreet  Oct.  13,  1713.  He  was  a  fervent  and 
eloquent  iireachcr,  cheerfid  though  serious  in 
conversation,  gentle  as  a  father,  and  l)elovrd  by 
all  his  congregation.  There  was  ])ublished  from 
his  manuscript  his  last  sermon,  entitled,  another 
and  a  better  country  in  reserve  for  all  true  be- 
lievers; and  annexed  to  it  a  discourse  on  the 
death  of  Mr.  IJrattle  of  Cambridge.  He  was 
the  great-grandliither  of  Josej)h  Stevens  Uuek- 
niinster. 

STEVENS,  Timothy,  first  minister  of  Glas- 
tenbury.  Conn.,  died  Ajiril,  1720,  aged  00.  He 
was  the  son  of  Timothy  of  lloxbury,  and  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  in  10N7.  His  wife  was  Eunice, 
the  daughter  of  John  Chester;  his  second  wife 
was  Alice,  the  widow  of  llev.  John  Whiting  of 
Lancaster. 

STEVENS,  PiiiNEir.vs,  first  minister  of  Bos- 
cawen,  N.  H.,  died  in  ll'i'i,  aged  about  43.  He 
was  born  in  Andover,  and  graduated  at  Harvard 
in  1731 ;  was  settled  Oct.  8,  17-10.  Throe  of  his 
successors  were  li.  Jlorrill,  N.  Merrill,  S.  AVood. 

STEVENS,  lii:NJ.\Jii.N,  1).  ]).,  minister  of  Kit- 
tery,  Maine,  the  son  of  Bev.  Josejdi,  was  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  college  in  1740,  and  ordained 
May  1,  1751.  He  died  May  18,  1701,  aged  70, 
having  been  respected  in  life  as  an  able  minister 
of  the  gospel,  an  exemplary  Christian,  and  a  mod- 
est and  humble  man.  His  only  child,  Sarah, 
married  llev.  Josejjh  Buckminsler.  He  gave  his 
library  to  the  ministers  of  York  and  Kittcry. 
He  iniblished  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  Andrew 
I'ep])erell,  17i>2  ;  on  the  death  of  Sir  AV.  I'ep- 
perell,  1709;  at  the  election,  1700;  at  the  con- 
vention, 1704. —  Sprat/He's  Aiiiialn. 

STEVENS,  EmvAUi),  general,  a  soldier  of  the 
Uevolution,  died  in  Virginia  Aug.  17,  1820.  A 
native  of  Virginia,  he  served  with  distinction  dur- 
ing the  whole  war.  He  was  the  friend  of  Wash- 
ington and  Greene.  At  the  battle  of  the  Great 
Bridge  near  Norfolk,  he  commanded  a  battalion 
of  riflemen.  At  the  battle  of  Brandywine  for  his 
good  conduct  he  received  the  public  thanks  of 
the  commander-in-chief;  and  in  the  same  way 
was  honored  at  the  battle  of  Germantown.  I'ro- 
moted  to  the  command  of  a  brigade,  he  fought 


758 


STEVENS. 


STILES. 


in  the  bnttlc  of  Camden.  In  that  of  Ouilforrt 
court-housp,  he  was  Hcveroly  wounded  in  the 
thigh ;  hut  lie  lirought  olF  his  f roojis  in  good  or- 
der. His  military  career  ended  at  the  siege  of 
Yorktown.  From  the  adojition  of  the  State  con- 
stitution until  171)0  he  was  a  member  of  the  sen- 
ate of  Virginia. 

STEVENS,  Eni:Kr:zi:n,  major-general,  a  sol- 
dier of  the  Revolution,  died  in  18L'3,  aged  71. 
He  was  born  in  Boston  in  17j1,  and  entered  the 
army  as  an  artificer.  He  obtained  the  rank  of 
lieutenant-colonel  of  artillery.  On  the  return  of 
peace  he  settled  in  New  York,  and  was  an  enter- 
prising rtierchant.  For  many  years  lie  com- 
manded the  division  of  the  artillery  of  the  State. 

STEVENS,  Edwin,  missionary  to  China,  died 
at  Singapore  Jan.  5,  1837,  aged  3G.  IJorn  at 
New  Canaan,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  182H,  at 
New  Haven  seminary  in  1831.  He  was  a  chap- 
lain at  Canton  in  1832,  and  was  skilled  in  the 
Chinese  language. 

STEVENS,  John  II.,  died  at  Stonoham,Mass., 
July  9, 1851,  aged  nearly  85 ;  for  thirty-two  years 
pastor  of  the  church  at  S.  Born  at  Canterliury, 
Conn.,  he  was  pastor  of  Methuen,  Mass.,  from 
1791  to  1795;  of  Stoncham  from  1795  to  1827; 
of  the  east  parish  of  Haverhill  from  1828  to  1833. 
He  published  two  sermons  on  the  death  of  a 
young  man,  1803 ;  and  two  fast  sermons.  — 
Sprague. 

STEVENS,  John,  died  in  Talbot  county,  Md., 
in  April,  1856.  He  had  recently  given  36,000 
dollars  for  a  i)acket  to  be  in  the  service  of  the 
Liberian  colonization. 

STEVENS,  IIobertL.,  died  at  Hoboken  April 
20,  1856,  aged  68.  He  was  remarkable  for  his 
inventive  powers.  His  father,  John  S.,  was  con- 
nected with  John  Fitch  in  the  improvement  of 
navigation  by  steam.  Ilis  inventions  are  de- 
scribed in  the  Tribune  of  April  22.  He  is  said 
to  have  died  worth  two  millions  of  dollars. 

STEVENSON,  James,  D.  D.,  died  in  Maury 
county,  Tennessee,  in  1832. 

STEVENSON,  William,  a  Methodist  minis- 
ter, died  at  Hock  Hun,  Md.,  in  1839,  aged  74. 
Edward  S.,  also  a  Methodist  minister,  died  at 
Snow  Hill,  Md.,  in  1839,  aged  45. 

STEVENSON,  Andrew,  a  Virginia  statesman, 
died  of  the  pneumonia  in  Albemarle  countj',  in 
1857,  aged  73.  He  was  in  early  life  an  eminent 
pleader  at  the  bar.  As  a  member  of  congress 
he  was  chosen  speaker  of  the  house,  and  presided 
with  great  dignity  and  ability.  Next  to  Mr.  Clay 
he  was  regarded  as  best  qualified  for  that  station. 
From  congress  he  was  sent  as  a  minister  to  Eng- 
land, and  in  that  position  was  distinguished,  for 
his  character  was  dignified,  his  appearance  splen- 
did, his  social  accomplishments  remarkable.  On 
his  return  he  was  rector  of  the  university  of  Vir- 


ginia, to  which  ho  devoted  much  care,  as  also  to 
the  pursuits  of  agriculture. 

STEWAItl),  Antipas,  first  minister  of  Lud- 
low, Mass.,  died  in  Belchertown  in  1814,  aged 
80.  Born  in  Marlliorougli,  he  graduated  nt  Har- 
vard in  1700  ;  was  ordained  in  1793,  and  dis- 
missed in  1803.  He  well  understood  Hebrew 
and  was  a  good  scholar. 

STE\V.\1{]),  Joseph,  a  painter,  died  in  April, 
1822,  aged  09.  He  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
college  in  1780.  He  became  a  preacher;  but 
losing  his  health  he  devoted  himself  to  i)aiiitiiig, 
being  instructed  by  Trumbull.  He  established  a 
museum  at  Hartford,  Conn. 

STI'^WART,  Daniel,  general,  died  in  Liberty 
county,  Georgia,  in  1829,  aged  09  ;  a  patriot  of 
1770. 

STEWART,  ZURIAII,  widow  of  David  S.,dicd 
at  Kingwood,  N.  J.,  Oct.  31, 1843,  aged  103.  liy 
her  first  husband,  0.  Opdyckc,  she  had  eleven 
children.  She  left  eighty-four  grandchildren,  one 
hundred  and  eighty  great-grandchildren,  and 
thirty-nine  great-great-grandchildren. 

STEWART,  Sarah,  wife  of  Rev.  C.  S.  Stew- 
art, died  June  16,  1854 ;  a  woman  of  great  ex- 
cellence of  character.  —  Observe);  July  17. 

STEWART,  James,  M.  D.,died  at  Baltimore 
Jan.  31,  1840,  aged  90.  Born  in  Annapolis,  he 
studied  medicine  in  Edinburgh  ;  in  1780  became 
to  B.,  and  served  in  the  army.  He  saw  in  the 
city  an  increase  from  fifteen  thousand  inhabitants 
to  one  hundred  thousand. 

STILES,  ISA.VC,  died  at  Nortli  Haven  May  14, 
1760,  aged  62.  He  was  the  son  of  John,  whose 
father  John  came  from  Milbrook,  England,  and 
settled  in  Windsor  in  1635.  Born  in  Windsor, 
a  graduate  of  1722,  he  was  ordained  at  North 
Haven  Nov.  11,  1724;  and  was  succeeded  by  Dr. 
Trumbull.  His  predecessor,  Mr.  Wetmore,  had 
become  an  Episcopalian.  He  was  a  zealous  and 
eloquent  preacher.  His  wife  was  a  daughter  of 
Rev.  Edward  Taylor ;  and  President  Stiles  was 
her  only  child.  He  published  election  sermon, 
1742  i  at  the  ordination  of  his  son  at  Newport, 
1755;  duty  of  soldiers,  1755.  —  Sprague's  An- 
nals. 

STILES,  Abel,  minister  of  Woodstock,  north 
society,  died  July  25,  1783,  aged  74,  in  the  forty- 
sixth  of  his  ministry.  A  brother  of  the  preced- 
ing, he  graduated  in  1733,  was  a  tutor,  a  good 
scholar,  and  eminent  theologian.  Besides  these 
two  sons,  John,  their  father,  had  twelve  children. 

STILES,  Ezra,  D.  1).,  president  of  Yale  col- 
lege, died  at  New  Haven  May  12,  1795,  aged  07. 
He  was  the  son  of  Isaac  Stiles,  minister  of  North 
Haven,  Conn. ;  was  born  Dec.  15,  1727.  He  was 
graduated  in  1746,  and  in  1749  was  chosen  tutor, 
in  which  station  he  remained  six  years.  After 
having  preached  oceasonally,  his  impaired  health 


STILES. 


STILES. 


750 


ami  some  doubt  respcctiiij;  the  truth  of  Chris- 1  faith  j  the  };iPi\t  trutlis  n-spcctinp;  our  ilisra.sr  and 
tianitv  iiKhiccd  him  to  ])ursuo  the  Ntudy  of  the  cure;  the  iihjsiciiui  of  soul',  mid  our  rcini(l\  in 
law.  Ill  I'tJ.'l  lie  took  the  attorney's  oath  at  '  Iiini ;  the  inaimcr  iu  whii  h  thi' sIiuut  is  lirouj^tit 
New  Haven,  and  prntlised  at  tlie  liar  till  I7"j.j.  ;  lionie  to  (iod  in  rr;;iiuralicin,  jiistillealion,  snnc- 
Uut,  havinj;  rc.uimed  preachiii);,  he  was  ordained  tilieation,  and  eteniai  ),'Iiir\  ;  liie  terrors  un;l 
Ott.  '2'2,  \~')'i,  minister  of  the  second  Conjjrejja-  ;  hlessinjjs  of  tlie  woild  to  eoine  i  tiie  iulhienee  of 
li(nial  eliurcii  iu  Xewijort,  Ilhode  Island.  Iu  I  the  Holy  S|)irit  and  liie  etlieney  of  the  trutii  in 
Marcli,  177(!,  the  events  of  tlie  war  dispersed  ills  ,  tlie  jjreat  elianj^e  of  the  eharaeter,  iircparatory 
c'oiit,'re(,'alIon,  and  induced  him  to  remove  to  ]  for  heaven.  The  doctrines  of  the  Irinily  in  niiilv, 
Dijjhtou.    I leafterwardH  preached  at  Portsmouth.  '  of  the  divinity  and  alonement  of  Ciiri^t.  with  tlio 


In  177"  lit-'  was  chosen  president  of  Yale  eolle;{e, 
(is  successor  of  Mr.  Chij),  and  continued  in  this 
station  till  his  death.     It  seems,  from  tlio  private 
journal  of  Mr.  Stiles,  that  lie  was  earnestly  op- 
posed to  the  ucw-fan};led  doctrines  of  Dr.  Hoj)- 
kins  and  Stephen  West,  of  which  lie  speaks  thus; 
»  The  people  hej^in  to  he  tired  of  the  uniiitellif^i- 
ble  and  new  points,  as  1.  that  an  unconverted 
man  had  better  be  killing  his  father  than  jiray- 
in"  for  converting  grace  ;  2.  that  true  repentance 
implies  a  willingness  to  be  damned  j  3.  that  we 
are  to  give  God  thanks  that  he  caused  Adam  to 
sin  and  involved  all  his  posterity  in  total  dejirav- 
itv ;  tiiat  Judas  lietrayed,  etc.  j  4.  tliat  the  chil- 
dren of  none  but  communicants  are  to  be  bap- 
tized ;  5.  that  the  church  and  ministers  are  so 
corrupt  that  no  communion  is  to  be  held  with 
them."    AVlien  he  was  a  candidate  for  the  presi- 
dency of  the  college.  Dr.  James  Dana  wrote  to 
hira,  thai  there  was  a  party  for  Elizur  Goodrich, 
but  that  if  he  was  chosen  "  there  would  be  an- 
other college."    The   nine  ministers,  constitut- 
ing the  trustees,  with  Mr.  Goodrich,  chose  Mr. 
Stiles.    He  was  one  of  the  most  learned  men  of 
whom  this  country  can  boast.     He  had  a  thor- 
ough knowledge  of  the  Hebrew,  Greek,  and  Latin 
languages,  the  former  of  which  he  learned  when 
he  was  about  forty  years  of  age  ;  he  had  made 
considerable  progress  in  the  Samaritan,  Chaldee, 
Syriac,  and  Arabic ;  on  the  Persic  and  Coptic  he 
had  bestowed  some  attention ;  and  the  French 
he  read  with  great  facility.     He  was  also  well 
versed  in  most  branches  of  mathematical  know- 
ledge.   Next  to  sacred  literature,  astronomy  was 
his  fiivorite  science.     He  had  read  the  works  of 
divines  in  various  languages,  and  very  few  have 
had  BO  thorough  an  acquaintance  with  the  fathers 
of  the  Christian  church.     He  possessed  an  inti- 
mate acquaintance  with  the  Rabbinical  writings. 
lie  was  a  most  impressive  and  eloquent  jireacher, 
for  he  spoke  with  that  zeal  and  energy  which  the 
deepest  interest  in  the  most  important  subjects 
cannot  fail  to  inspire.     His  early  discourses  were 
philosophical  and   moral ;  but  he  gradually  be- 
came a  serious  and  powerful  preacher  of  the  mo- 
mentous truths  of  the  gospel.     In  the  room  of 
labored  disquisitions,  addressed  rather    to  the 
reason  than  to  the  conscience  and  heart,  he  em- 
ployed his  time  iu  preaching  repentance  and 


capital  jiriiuiples  of  the  great  theold'/iial  s\»iem 
of  the  doctrines  of  grace,  lie  lielicvcd  \o  have  been 
the  uninterrupted  faith  of  eight-tenths  of  C'liris- 
tendom  from  the  ascension  of  Jesus  Christ  to  the 
present  day.     He  delighted  in  preaching  thegos- 
]iel    to  the  ])oor.     Ainong    the  mcuibers  of  his 
church  at  New]iort  were  seven  negroes.    These 
occasionally  met  iu  his  study,  when  he  instructed 
them,  and,  falling  on  their  knees  logither,  he  im- 
plored for  them  and  for  himself  the  blessing  of 
that  God  with  whom  all  disiinction  exce))ting  that 
of  Christian  excellence   is   as  nothing.     In   the 
cause  of  civil  and  religions  liberty  he  was  an  en- 
thusiast.    He  contended  that  the  right  of  con- 
science and  private  judgment  was  unahenable; 
and  that  no  exigences  of  the  Christian   church 
could  render  it  lawful  to  erect  any  body  of  men 
into   a  standing  judicatory  over   the  churcheo. 
He  engaged  with  zeal  in  the  cause  of  his  country. 
He  thought  that  the  JJtith  of  January,  which  was 
observed  by  the  Episcopalians  in  commemoration 
of  the  martyrdom  of  Charles  I.,  "  ought  to  bo 
celebrated  as  an  anniversary  thanksgiving,  that 
one  nation  on  earth  had  so  much  fortitude  and 
public  justice  as  to  make  a  royal  tyrant  bow  to 
the  sovereignty  of  the  ])PO]de."    He  was  catholic 
in  his  sentiments,  for  his  heart  was  open  to  re- 
ceive all  who  loved  the  Lord  Jesus  in  sincerity. 
He  was  conspicuous  for  his  benevolence,  as  well 
as  for  his  learning  and  piety.     The  following  ex- 
tracts from  his  diary  furnish  evidence  of  his  Chris- 
tian goodness  :     "  The  review  of  my  life  aston- 
ishes me  with   a   sense  of  my  sins.     May  I  be 
washed  in   the  blood  of  Jesus,  which  cloanseth 
from  all  sin.    Purify  and  sanctify  me,  O  blessed 
Spirit !     I  hojie  I  love  my  Savi(jur  for  his  divine 
excellences,  as  well  as  for  his  love  to  sinners  ;  I 
ghn-y  in  his  divine  righteousness  ;  and  earnestly 
beseech  the  God  of  all  grace  to  endue  me  with 
true  and  real  holiness,  and  to  make  me  like  him- 
self.    I  have  earnestly  importuned  the  youth  of 
this  university  to  devote  themselves  to  that  divine 
Jesus  who  hath  loved  them  to  the  death.     And, 
praised  be  God,  I  have  reason  to  hope  the  blessed 
Spirit  hath  wrought  efl'c  i.tually  on  the  hearts  of 
sundry,  who  have,  I  think,  been  brought  home  to 
God,  and  experienced  what  flesh  and  blood  can- 
not impart  to  the  human  mind.     Whether  I  shall 
ever  get  to  heaven,  and  through  many  tribula- 


1   I 


760 


STILLMAN. 


STITII. 


tion«  enter  into  rest,  God  only  known.  This  I 
know,  thut  I  am  the  most  unworthy  of  nil  the 
works  of  God." 

lie  was  a  man  of  low  stature,  nnd  of  a  smoll 
though  well-pro])ortionod  form.  His  voice  was 
clear  and  energetic.  His  countenance,  especially 
in  conversotion,  was  expressive  of  benignity  and 
mildness;  but,  if  occasion  required,  it  became 
the  index  of  mojesty  and  authority.  He  pub- 
lished a  funeral  oration  in  Latin  on  Governor 
Law,  17<31;  a  discourse  on  the  Christian  union, 
preached  before  the  Congregational  ministers  of 
Rhode  Island,  17G0)  in  this  work  he  recommends 
harmony  among  different  Christians,  and  shows 
an  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  ecclesias- 
tical affairs  of  the  country;  a  sermon  at  the 
installation  of  S.  Hopkins,  1770;  a  Latin  oration 
on  his  induction  into  his  office,  1778 ;  the  United 
States  elevated  to  glory  and  honor,  an  election 
Bermon,  preached  May  8,  1783,  which  exhibits 
the  eloquence,  and  patriotism,  and  glowing  sen- 
timents of  liberty,  with  which  the  uugust  occasion 
could  not  fail  to  insjjire  him  ;  account  of  the  set- 
tlement of  Uristol,  178i5i  a  sermon  at  the  ordi- 
nation of  H.  Clmnnhig,  1787;  history  of  the  three 
judges  of  King  Charles  L,  Whalley,  GofTe,  and 
Dixwell,  12mo.,  170ij ;  in  this  work  he  discloses 
very  fully  his  sentiments  on  civil  liberty,  and  j)rc- 
dicts  a  republican  renovation  in  England.  He 
left  an  unfinished  ecclesiastical  history  of  New 
England,  and  more  than  forty  volumes  of  man- 
uscripts. An  interesting  account  of  his  life  was 
published  by  his  son-in-law.  Dr.  Holmes,  in  1798. 
—  Spragne. 

STILLMAN,  Samuel,  I).  D.,  minister  in  Bos- 
ton, died  March  13, 1807,  aged  70.  He  was  born 
in  Philadelphia  Feb.  27,  1737.  When  he  was 
but  eleven  years  of  age  his  parents  removed  to 
Charleston,  South  Carolina,  and  in  an  academy 
in  that  city  he  received  the  rudiments  of  his  edu- 
cation. The  preaching  of  Mr.  Hart  was  the  means 
of  teachnig  him  ttiat  he  was  a  sinner,  and  of 
converting  him.  Being  ordained  at  Charleston 
Feb.  26,  1759,  he  immediately  afterwards  settled 
at  James  Island ;  but  his  impaired  health  in- 
duced him  in  1760  to  remove  to  Borden  town, 
New  Jersey,  where  he  preached  two  years,  and 
then  went  to  Boston.  After  being  an  assistant 
about  a  year  in  the  second  Baptist  church,  he  was 
installed  the  minister  of  the  first,  as  successor  of 
Mr.  Condy,  wlio  now  resigned  his  office,  Jan.  9, 
1765.  In  this  church  he  continued  his  benevo- 
lent labors,  universally  respected  and  beloved, 
till  his  death  by  a  paralytic  shock.  As  an  elo- 
quent preacher  of  the  gospel  Dr.  Stillman  held 
the  first  rank.  Embracing  the  peculiar  doctrines 
of  the  Christian  religion,  he  exjjlained  and  en- 
forced them  with  clearness  and  with  apostolic 
intrepidity  and  zeal.  He  possessed  a  pleasant 
and  most  commanding  voice,  and,  as  he  felt  what 


he  «poke,  he  was  enabled  to  transfuse  his  own 
feelings  into  the  hearts  of  his  auditors.  The  to- 
tal moral  de])ravity  of  man  was  a  j)riiiei])k'  on 
.  which  in  his  preaching  he  much  insisted,  nnd  ho 
I  believed  that  the  Christian  was  de])endi'nt  on 
God's  immediate  agency  for  the  origin  and  con- 
tinuance of  every  gracious  exercise.  From  his 
clear  ap])rchension  of  the  eternal  jjcrsonal  (flec- 
tion of  a  certain  number  of  the  human  race  to 
salvation,  he  was  led  to  believe  the  perseverance 
unto  eternal  glory  of  all  those  who  are  regener- 
ated by  the  Sjjirit  of  God.  The  Godhead  and 
atonement  of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ  were  liis 
frequent  themes.  He  wa«  a  jireacher  of  right- 
eousness,  ond  his  own  life  was  holy.  In  the 
chamber  of  sickness  nnd  nflliction  he  was  always 
among  different  denominations  a  welcome  visitor. 
His  uncommon  vivacity  and  energy  of  feeling 
were  united  with  n  ))erfect  sense  of  prn])ruitv, 
and  with  affability,  ease,  and  jwliteness.  ]loj)ul)- 
lished  a  sermon  on  the  repeal  of  the  stamp  act, 
1766;  cnlistmentH,  1769;  dangers  of  youth, 
1771 ;  at  the  artillery  election,  1770  ;  at  the  or- 
dination of  S.  Shejmrd,  1771  ;  of  Stephen  .S. 
Nelson,  1797  ;  of  Thomas  Waterman,  1801 ;  of 
Lucius  Bowles,  1805  ;  on  the  death  of  Mary  Still- 
man,  1768;  of  S.  Ward,  1770;  election  sermon 
1779;  on  charity,  1785;  before  a  society  of  free- 
masons, 1789;  apostolic  preaching  in  three  dis- 
courses, 1790;  on  the  death  of  N.  Brown,  1791 ; 
of  Washington,  1800;  of  II.  Smith,  1805;  at  the 
execution  of  Levi  Ames,  1773;  thanksgiving  ser- 
mon on  the  French  revolution,  1794 ;  on  the 
national  fast,  1799;  on  opening  the  Baptist  mcct- 
ing-house  in  Charlestown  ;  on  the  first  anniver- 
sary of  the  female  asylum,  1801 ;  on  the  first  an- 
niversary of  the  Massachusetts  Baptist  missionary 
society,  1803.  A  volume  of  twenty  sermons  was 
published,  8vo.,  1808,  of  which  eight  had  never 
before  been  published. 

STILLWELL,  Jaiirat,  general,  died  in  New 
York  in  1843,  aged  86 ;  a  Revolutionary  soldier. 

STILLWELL,  William,  Methodist  minister, 
died  at  Astoria,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  9,  1851,  aged  64. 
He  was  thirty-one  years  pastor  in  Christie  street, 
New  York.  He  performed  the  marriage  service 
eight  thousand  times ;  the  funeral  service  seven 
thousand  times. 

STIRLING,  earl  of,  see  William  Alexander. 

STITII,  WiLLUM,  president  of  William  nnd 
Mary  college,  Virginia,  was  a  native  of  that  col- 
ony, and  for  some  years  a  respectable  clergyman. 
He  withdrew  from  the  laborious  oflice  which  he 
sustained  in  the  college,  soon  after  the  year  1740, 
and  died  in  1750.  He  publishtd  a  history  of  the 
first  discovery  and  settlement  of  Virginia,  Wil- 
liamsburg, 8vo.,  1747.  It  brings  down  the  his- 
tory only  to  1624.  An  appendix  contains  a 
collection  of  charters  relating  to  the  period  com- 
prised in  the  volume.    Besides  the  copious  ma- 


STOCKBRIDGE. 

tcriuU  of  Smith,  the  author  derived  nssisfancp  j 
from  the  mnnuKcriiJts  of  hix  uncle,  Sir  Joiui  lliiii- 
dolph,  and  from  tlie  reeords  of  tlie  l.oinloii  eoni- : 
pany,  put  into  liis  hiiiuls   by  Col.  Williaiu   Ilyrd, ' 
j)resident  of  tlie  council,  and  from  the  valualile  j 
library  of  thiH  jjentlemaii.     Mr.  Slith  was  a  man 
of  classical  learning;,   and   n   faithful  historian  ; 
but  ho  was  destitute  of  taste  in  style,  and  his  de- 
tails are  oxccedinnly  minute. 

STOrKinilDGK,  Cii.\ui.t:s,   M.  ir,  died    at 
Scituate,  Ma.xs.,  in  1800,  a),'ed  7'.',  leavin};  a  son  \ 
Charles,  a  idiysician,  who  died  in  .S.  in  1N27,  a^ed 
38.     His  father,  llenjamin,  was  a  dlstinf;'>ishcd 
physician  before  him  in  S. — Dean'n  Il'mt.  of  S. 

STOCK niUDGE,  Josi;i'ii,  caj)tain,  died  at 
Batli,  Maine,  Au;;.  0,  IK.'J.),  aged  70;  a  soldier  of 
the  llevolution,  ciiKaj^ed  in  various  battles. 

STOCKBUIDGi:,  Chaulks,  M.  ]).,  a  jdiysi- 
cian  of  Scituate,  died  in  Oct.,  1827,  a{?od  .38. 

STOCKING,  Jkhkmiah,  minister  of  Glaston- 
bury, Conn.,  died  in  IS.j.'},  nf^ed  85. 

STOCKING,  Wn,i.i.\M  It.,  late  missionary  at 
Oroomiah,  Persia,  died  at  New  York  April  30, 
1854,  aped  44. 

STOCKTON,  Richard,  a  statesman  of  New 
Jersey,  died  nc'»r  Princeton  Feb.  28,  1781,  aged 
50.  He  was  the  son  of  John  S.,  and  grandson 
of  llichard  S.,  who  died  in  posicssion  of  a  large 
landed  estate  ut  Princeton  in  1720;  was  born  at 
Princeton  Oct.  1,  1730;  was  graduated  in  the 
first  class  hi  1748;  and  studied  law  with  David 
Ogdcn  of  Newark.  In  1706  he  visited  England. 
In  1774  he  was  appointed  ajudgeof  the  supreme 
court  of  New  Jersey,  and  in  1776  a  member  of 
congress.  In  debate  he  took  an  octivo  part,  and 
signed  the  declaration  of  independence.  No- 
vember 30th,  a  party  of  royalists  captured  him 
and  threw  him  into  prison  at  New  York,  where 
his  sufferings  destroyed  his  health.  Congress 
interposed  for  his  release.  The  enemy  destroyed 
his  library  ond  devastated  his  lands.  At  the  bar 
Mr.  S.  aj)pcored  with  unrivalled  reputation  and 
success,  refusing  to  engage  in  any  cause  which  he 
knew  to  be  unjust,  and  standing  forth  in  defence 
of  the  heljdess  and  the  injured.  He  filled  the 
office  of  judge  with  integrity  and  learning.  His 
superior  powers  of  mhid,  which  were  highly  cul- 
tivtttod,  wore  united  with  a  flowing  and  jjcrsua- 
sive  elocpience ;  he  was  also  a  sincere  Christian. 
His  son,  llichard  S.,  LL.  I).,  a  distinguished  law- 
yer and  a  senator  of  the  United  States,  and  for 
thirty  years  a  trustee  of  Princeton  college,  died 
at  Princeton  in  1828. 

STODDAlll),  Antiio.ny,  the  first  in  this 
country  of  the  family  of  Stoddards,  died  at  Bos- 
ton March  15,  1087,  ngcd  about  70.  He  lived 
in  Boston  as  early  as  1039,  and  was  a  representa- 
tive more  than  twenty  years.  His  first  wife  was 
a  daughter  of  Emanuel  Downing,  and  by  her  he 
had  sons,  Solomon,  Samson,  and  perhaps  Simeon. 
96 


sTonnAUD. 


761 


His  second  wife  was  Ihrlmra,  the  widow  of  J. 
Weld,  and  her  hon  was  Stephen.  His  third  wife 
was  Christi.uui,  and  by  her  he  liad  Anthony,  Jo. 
sepli,  and  I'.lienezer. 

STODD.Mtl).  Sdi.omon,    minister  of   North- 
ain])ton.  Mass..  died  Eel).  11,  1720,  aged  85.   He 
was  the  eldest   son   of  Anthony   Stoddard,  was 
born  in  Boston  in    101,'),  and  was  graduated  at 
Harvard  college  in  1002.     He  was  afterwards  aj)- 
piiinted  a  fellow.     His  health  being  inijiaired,  he 
went  to  Barl)>idoes  as  chaplain  to  Gov.  Serle,  and 
l>reaclied   to  the  dissenters  on    that  island   near 
two   years.      After    his    return,  being   ordained 
Sejit.  11,  1072,  as  successor  to  Mr.  Mather  at 
Northampton,  he  continued  in  that  place  till  his 
death.     His  ministerial  labors  were  interrupted 
for  but  a  short  time.    His  colleague,  Mr.  Edwards, 
survived  him.     His  wife  was  Esther,  the  daugh- 
ter of  John  Warham,  and  widow  of  his  j)redeccs- 
sor,  E.  Mather;  she  died  in  17;{(!,  aged  01.     Be- 
sides his  children,  here  mentioned,  Anthony  and 
John,   ho    had   sons    Samuel   and   Aaron,   and 
daughters  Mary,  the  wife  of  Hev.  Stei)hen  Mi.x  ; 
Esther,  of  Bev.  Timothy  Edwards  ;  Christina,  of 
Bev.  William  AVilliams  of  Hatfield;  and  Sarah, 
of  Bev.  Samuel  AVhitman  of  Earmington.    Mr. 
Stoddard  was  a  learned  man,  well  versed  in  re- 
ligious controversies,  and  himself  an  acute  dispu- 
tant.    He  engaged  in  a  controversy  with  Increase 
Mather  respecting  the  Lord's  supper,  maintain- 
ing that  the  sacrament  was  a  converting  ordi- 
nance, and  that  all  bajnizcd  persons,  not  scanda- 
lous in   life,  may  lawfully  ajiiiroach    the  toble, 
though  they  know  themselves  to  be  unconverted, 
or  destitute  of  true  religion.     As  a  preacher  his 
discourses  were   plain,  experimental,  searching, 
and  argumentative.    He  was  blessed  with  great 
success.     He  used  to  say  that  he  had  five  har- 
vests ;  and  in  these  revivals  there  was  a  general 
cry.  What  must  I  do  to  be   saved?    He  was  so 
diligent  in  his  studies,  that  he  left  a  considerable 
number  of  sermons  which  he  had  never  j)reached. 
He  wrote  so  fine  a  hand,  that  one  hundred  and 
fifty  of  his  disfourses  are  contained  in  a  small 
12mo.   manut-eript  volume.    He   published  the 
tripl  of  assurance,  1690 ;   doctrine  of  instituted 
churches,  London,  4to.,  1700,  in  which  ho  main- 
tained that  the  Lord's  table  should  be  accessible 
to  all  ])ersons  not  immoral  in  their  lives ;  that 
the  power  of  receiving  and  crnsuring  members  is 
vested  exclusively  in   the  elders  of  the  church ; 
and  that  synods  have  power  to  excommunicate 
and  deliver  from  church  censures.     He  ]>ul>lished 
also   the    necessity   of   acknowledging   oflences, 
1701;  the  danger  of  degeneracy,  1702;  election 
sermon,  1703;  sermon  on  the  death  of  John  Pyn- 
chon,  1703;   on    the  neglect  of  the  worship  of 
God,  relating  to  the  supper,  etc.,  1707 ;  the  false- 
ness of  the  hopes  of  many  professors,  1708;  at 
the  ordmation  of  J.  Willard,  1718;   of  Thomas 


i 


li 


762 


STODDARD. 


STONE. 


Cheney,  171"!  cxnminntion  of  the  power  of  the 
fraternity,  1718;  appeal  to  the  lenriRMl  on  the 
Lord'H  (iii|)pcr,nKaiiist  the  excejitioiiHof  I.  Mather, 
1709i  i)lea  for  titheH  i  di\inc  tcacliiiigH,  1712!  a 
guide  to  Christ,  or  the  way  of  directing  houIh  in  the 
wny  to  conversion,  com])iled  lor  yoiuif^  ininiHtcrs, 
1714!  three  sermons,  showin)^  the  virtue  of 
Christ's  l)lood  to  cleanse  from  sin,  that  natural 
men  are  under  the  (government  of  self-love,  that 
the  gospel  in  tlie  means  of  conversion,  and  a 
fourth  annexed  to  stir  up  young  men  and  maid- 
,  ens  to  praise  the  Lord,  1717 ;  a  treatise  concern- 
ing conversion  i  the  way  to  know  sincerity  and 
hypocrisy,  1719;  answer  to  cases  of  conscience, 
1722 1  defects  of  preachers,  1723;  whether  Ood 
is  not  angry  with  the  country  for  doing  so  little 
towards  the  conversion  of  the  Indians,  1723; 
safety  of  appearing  at  the  judgment  in  the  right- 
eousness of  Christ  i  this  work  was  republished  at 
Edinburgh,  8vo.,  1702. — Colman'a  Sermon  on 
hia  Death. 

STODDARD,  Sampson,  minister  of  Chelms- 
ford, Mass.,  died  in  1710,  aged  about  CO.  Dorn 
in  Boston,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1701,  and 
was  settled  in  1700.  His  predecessors  were  J. 
Fiske  and  T.  Clark.  Ho  was  succeeded  by  E. 
Bridge  and  H.  Packard. 

STODDARD,  Anthony,  minister  of  Wood- 
bury, Conn.,  died  Sept.  G,  1760,  aged  82.  He  was 
the  son  of  Solomon  S.  of  Northompton,  born  in 
1678;  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1097  i  was  or- 
dained as  successor  of  Z.  Walker,  ^lay  27,  1702; 
and  preached  sixty  years  with  great  success,  hav- 
ing four  hundred  and  seventy-four  admissions  to 
his  church.  He  was  also  clerk  of  probate  forty 
years,  and  was  to  his  i)eo])le  a  lawyer  and  physi- 
cian J  and  was  one  of  the  largest  farmers  in  the 
town.  His  wife  from  1701  to  1714  was  Prudence 
Wells;  he  next  married  Mary  Sherman,  who 
died  in  1720.  He  had  eleven  children.  Among 
his  descendants  were  Major  Amos,  of  Boston, 
and  Col.  Henry  Stoddard  of  Ohio,  lie  pul)- 
lished  election  sermon,  1716.  —  Cothren's  Hist. 
Woodbury. 

STODDARD,  Israel,  sheriff  of  Berkshire 
county,  died  in  Pittsfield  in  1782,  aged  41.  He 
was  the  son  of  John  and  the  grandson  of  Rev. 
Solomon  S. 

STODDARD,  John,  a  member  of  the  council 
of  Massachusetts,  the  son  of  Rev.  Solomon,  died 
at  Boston  June  19, 1748,  aged  66.  He  was  grad- 
uated atHarvard  college  in  1701.  He  discharged 
the  duties  of  several  important  stations  with 
great  ability  and  uprightness.  He  was  many 
years  in  the  council,  was  chief  justice  in  the  court 
of  common  pleas,  and  colonel  of  a  regiment. 
With  a  vigorous  mind  and  keen  penetration  lie 
united  an  accurate  acquaintance  with  the  con- 
cerns of  the  colonies  and  of  the  neighboring 
tribes  of  Indians.     Thoroughly  established  in 


the  prinripleti  and  the  doctrines  of  the  flrdt  fath- 
ers of  New  Kngluiid,  he  greatly  detcHtcd  what 
he  couNidered  the  opposite  crrorn  of  more  nod- 
em  divinity.  His  wife  was  Prudence  Chester  of 
Wethersfleld.  —  F.dwardii'  Sermon. 

STODDARD,  A.M()8,  mnjor,  died  in  18i;j,  nged 
04.  His  father  was  Anthony  of  Woodbury,  Conn., 
who  was  a  grandson  of  Rev.  Antlumy  .S,  lli> 
was  a  soldier  i'rom  1779  to  the  close  of  the  wnrj 
then  clerk  of  the  supreme  court  in  Boston,  lie 
settled  as  a  lawyer  in  Hallowell,  Me.,  about  17!)J  ; 
in  17U9  he  was  a|)pointed  a  captain  of  artiller}' 
in  the  army.  In  the  battle  at  fort  Meigs  he  was 
wounded  by  a  shell,  ond  in  consequence  died  of 
the  lockjaw.  lie  was  civil  commander  of  u])])cr 
Louisiana.  He  was  a  man  of  talents.  Ho 
]>ublishcd  the  ]>olitical  crisis,  London ;  and 
sketches  of  Louisiana,  12mo.,  1812. 

STODDARD,  Solomon,  Jun.,  died  at  North- 
ampton Nov.  11,  1847,  aged  47.  A  graduate  of 
Yale  college  in  1820,  he  was  a  professor  of  lan- 
guages at  Middlebury  college.  He  was  a  de- 
scendant of  Solomon,  the  second  minister  of 
Northampton.  His  father,  Solomon  of  North- 
ampton, still  lives,  aged  86  years,  Feb.  18,  lfi,j7, 
the  son  of  Solomon,  high  sheriff  of  Hampshire, 
who  was  the  son  of  Colonel  John.  His  mother 
was  a  daughter  of  Benjamin  Tappan.  In  IH'iij 
he  united  with  Professor  Andrews  in  ])rej)arinf5 
their  Latin  grammar.  He  was  a  good  scholar 
and  highly  esteemed  teacher  and  ])rofessor. 

STODDARD,  Hauuiet,  wife  of  David  T.  S,, 
missionary  in  Persia,  died  c  if  the  cholera  at  Trebi- 
zond  Aug.  2,  1848,  aged  26;  the  daughter  of  ])r. 
C.  Briggs  of  Marbleheud.  She  was  a  most  ac- 
tive and  useful  member  of  the  mission  at  Orno- 
miah.  Mr.  S.,  with  his  family,  was  on  a  journey 
for  his  health  to  Constantinople. — N.  Y.Ob- 
*cr»er,  Nov.  25. 

STODDARD,  Silas,  captain,  died  in  Mncc- 
don.  Conn.,  July  3,  1850,  aged  91.  He  served 
and  fought  in  the  war  of  independence  on  board 
the  ship  Discovery. 

STOLL,  Jacob,  seventy  years  a  minister  of  the 
Dunkcrs,  died  in  Lancaster  county,  Pa.,  in  April, 
1822,  aged  91. 

STONE,  Samuei,,  one  of  the  first  ministers  of 
Hartford,  Conn.,  died  July  20,  1663.  He  was  a 
native  of  Hertford,  England,  and  was  educaced 
at  Emanuel  college,  Cambridge.  To  esca])e  iiei- 
secution  he  camo  to  this  country  with  !Mr.  Cotton 
and  Mr.  Hooker,  and  was  settled  as  an  assistant 
of  the  latter  at  Cambridge  Oct.  11,  1633.  He 
removed  with  him  in  1636  to  Hartford.  While 
he  was  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  accurate  and 
acute  disputants  of  his  day,  he  was  also  celebrated 
for  his  wit,  pleasantry,  and  good  humor.  Being 
eminently  pious,  he  abounded  in  fastings  and 
prayer,  and  was  a  most  strict  observer  of  the 
Christian  Sabbath.    His  wife  was  Elizabeth  Al- 


8TONF,. 


8T0NE. 


703 


Ifn,  who  lived  till  IfiHt.     UU  dnuRlitrr  I'li/nhptli    BPnrd  in  tlio  wnr.  nmt  thi>n  lived  nt  Ilnxikflrld. 


niurrif'd   Willimn  Sedgwick,  tin-  son  of   Itolirrt,    lie 
from  whom  nIii' w:iH  ilivorcrd  on   uicoimt  of  his    Mcc 


reared     hU    in;;    (uliiii    iit    lU'liirc.   Ohio,  in 
.,    I7h1».     Hi-.   Noii,  Col.  John,  <K'cii|iii'd  iIm 


nhsciit'c  ill  the  West  Iiidii'i  niiil  iic^jlcit.uiid  then  l.iini  in  IN.VJ. —  Hil'liitli. 
miirrii'tl  John  llohorts.  Me  UW  ii  Nim  SamiK'l,  Sl'ONl',.  Juiin  Hoskins,  ^jovrrnor  of  Miry, 
wiio  wiiM  a  prcncher  :  he  fell  down  the  l)n!ik  of  a  land,  ilied  in  IHII  I.  lie  \va»  a  patriot  of  tiie  Uev- 
riviilet  in  tluTvoniii;,' and  was  killed.  IliKilaHffh-  ohition.  In  early  life  anil  at  an  early  piriod  of 
ter  Mary  married  Joso])h  I'iteh,  and  Sarnli  mar-  the  Uevoliition  he  was  the  lirit  raptain  in  the  eel- 
ried 'I'homnR  Hutler.  IliHentate  was  .j(j;i  jiounds  ;  ebraled  ii  ffime.it  of  Smallwood.  \t  tiie  hattlen 
liis  l)()okH  were  eHtiinnted  nt  127  ])<nmtls,  nearly  a  of  I. on;;  iHlaiid,  While  I'liiiim,  and  rrinceton,  he 
quarter  of  the  whole  CHlate  of  this  minihier  in  was  lii^'hly  distinKiiishe<l.  In  the  liattle  of  (Jer- 
thc  wildernesn.  He  pnhlished  a  ('on^'rej;atioiial  nianiown  Ott.  •!,  1777,  hi;  received  a  wound 
church,  etc.,  London,  105'J.  In  this  work,  which  which  deprived  him  of  bodily  activity  for  the  ro- 
IK  a  curiouH  Hjicciinen  of  lo^ic,  he  emleavors  to  n-.ainder  of  his  life.  Ihit  he  siill  hent  his  exer- 
dcmolish  the  system  of  a  national,  i)olitieal  church,  tions  to  promote  the  same  cause  for  which  ho 
lie  left  in  manuscript  a  confutation  of  the  anti- ,  had  hied.  He  was  novcruor  from  17!tl  to  1707. 
noniinns,  and  a  body  of  divinity.  The  latter  was  ,  lie  (lie<l  at  Annaiiolis,  leaving'  behind  liim  the 
80  much  esteemed  as  to  he  often  transcril>ed  by  ;  reputation  of  an   honest  and  honorable  man,  an 


thcoh)nienl  students.  —  Mather's  Maynalia,  III. 
62,  11(i-118. 

STONE,  Natiiamei.,  first  minister  of  Har- 
wich, now  Brewster,  died  in  ll!io,  aj^ed  nhoiit  8,j. 
A  ^'raduatc  of  IG'JO,  he  was  ordained  ut  the  ^ath- 
crinfJT  of  the  church,  Oct.  10,  1700  :  his  successor 
was  J.  Dunster.  He  published  election  sermon, 
1720;  before  the  superior  court  April  24,  1728; 
the  state  of  man  by  the  full,  1731. 

STONE,  Thomas,  a  patriot  of  the  Ilevolution, 
d'cd  nt  Port  Tobacco,  Md.,  Oct.  5,  1787,  aged 
44.  He  was  a  descendant  of  William  S.,  gov- 
ernor of  Maryland  in  1040,  the  son  of  Da- 
vid S.  Having  studied  law,  and  married  a 
daughter  of  Dr.  0.  Hrown,  with  whom  he  re- 
ceived 1000  pounds,  he  jiurchased  a  farm.  Be- 
ing in  1770  and  in  subsequent  years  a  member  of 
congress,  ho  signed  the  declaration  of  indejieii- 
dcnce.  In  1783  and  1784  he  was  also  in  con- 
gress. A  dee])  melancholy  settled  ujjon  him  in 
consequence  of  the  death  of  his  wife  by  the 
small  pox.  Ho  died  suddenly,  leaving  a  son, 
who  died  in  1793,  and  two  daughters.  He  was 
amiable  in  disposition,  and  a  professor  of  religion 
of  sincere  piety. —  Goodrich. 

STONE,  Timothy,  first  minister  of  Goshen, 
in  Lebanon,  Conn.,  died  in  1797,  aged  about  50. 
He  was  a  descendant  of  Itev.  Samuel  S.,  a  clergy- 
man in  England  in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  the 
father  of  llev.  Samuel  S.  of  Hartford,  by  his 
son  John,  an  emigrant  to  Salem  in  1030,  and  to 
Guilford.  He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1703,  and 
was  ordained  in  1707.  His  successors  were 
W.  B.  llipley  and  E.  llipley.  His  wife  was  a 
daughter  of  Kev.  Dr.  Williams  of  Lebanon.  His 
son  Timothy,  minister  of  Cornwall  from  1803  to 
1827,  died  in  1852.  He  published  a  sermon  on 
selfishness,  1778 ;  on  the  death  of  Faith  Trum- 
bull, 1780 ;  at  election,  1792 ;  at  ordination  of  L. 
llockwell  at  Lyme,  1794.  —  Spragtie's  Annals. 

STONE,  Jonathan,  captain,  died  in  1801, 
aged  SO.    Bom   in  New  Brmntree,  Mass.,  he 


intrepid  soldier,  a  firm  patriot,  and  a  liberal,  hoii- 
jjitable,  friendly  citi/en. 

STONE,  Ei.iAii,  minister  of  Heading,  Mass., 
died  Aug.  31,  1822,  aged  H5.  Born  in  Framing- 
ham,  the  son  of  Micah,  h?  graduated  at  Harvard 
in  1758;  was  ordained  in  1701;  and  was  jjastor 
si.'ity-one  years.  He  publisiied  a  sermon  at  ordi- 
nation of  1',.  llubbaril,  1783;  of  M.  Stone,  hi§ 
son,  at  llrooklielcl,  IHOlj  at  funeral  of  I.  Morrill, 
1701;  at  the  fast,  1799;  on  the  death  of  C.  Pren- 
tiss, 1803;  a  half-century  sermon,  1811. 

STONF,  David,  governor  of  N.  C,  died  at 
Raleigh  in  1818.  He  had  been  a  judge,  and  a 
senator  of  the  U.  S. 

STONE,  Bexjamix,  the  first  jjreceptor  of 
Leicester  academy,  died  in  1832,  oged  70.  Born 
in  Shrewsbury,  ho  graduated  in  1770,  and  began 
his  labors  in  the  academy  June  7,  1784.  After 
three  years  of  useful  service  he  became  the  pre- 
ceptor of  Westford  academy  ;  but  for  many  years 
he  lived  in  retirement  on  a  farm  in  Shrewsbury, 
where  he  died.  The  first  boy  who  entered  his 
school,  became  the  governor  of  a  neighboring 
State, —  W.  L.  Marcy,  late  secretary  of  State  of 
the  U.  S. 

STONE,  Atossa,  missionary  in  India,  died  at 
Bombay  Aug.  7,  1833,  aged  35.  She  was  the 
daughter  of  Col.  Josejjh  Frost  of  Marlborough, 
N.  IL,  and  educated  at  Keene,  Plainfield,  and 
Bradford,  Mass.  She  married  Kov.  Cyrus  Stone, 
missionary,  and  embarked  for  Calcutta  in  June, 
1827,  in  company  with  Mrs.  Allen ;  and  she  was 
buried  near  her  and  Jlrs.  Hervey.  In  her  sick- 
ness she  referred  to  the  h)mn  in  Worcester's 
book,  begmning  with  "  Thou  dear  Redeemer,"  m 
expressive  of  her  state  of  mind.  It  was  sung  at 
her  funeral.  She  died,  as  an  English  officer  at 
Bombay  wrote,  — 

"  Scattering  Iho  good  seed  on  ttic  moral  waste. 
Compar'd  witli  hcr'a,  earth's  highest  deeds  how  mean 
Achit'Tcmcnts  antlicm'd  in  a  nation's  shout, 
The  pompous  Tapors  of  a  little  day '." 


704 


KTONE. 


STOIIHS. 


It  wi-rr  wrll  if  nil   Nolilicr*   fi'lt   likr  tliln  ono  i ' 
Biiil  ln'ltrr,  iC  llir  niiiilcrN  of  NolilicrN  fell  »o.  ] 

S'rONI'',,  In\a<',  ^lilli^t(■r  (>r   {((mikIiim',   Miibx., 
•liril  in  1n;17,  ii^fcl  H!».     Iti)rii  in  Shrew slmry,  In' 
){rn(luiit<'<l   lit    lliirviinl  in   177(1,  niiil  wiin    pnsldr  ^ 
from  1771    to   |H().>.     W.   I'liipiii    wttH   the   (IrHt 
miiilHtcr,  ill  1717. 

STON'F',  WiiiiAM  M.,  l',|iittroj)iil  liiNhop  of 
Mnrvlniid,  (lied  in  IK.'IM.  iijfcil  .OH. 

H'i'OXI''.,  Jdliv.  M.  I).,  (lii'il  in  Siirini^flcl.l. 
MaiiH.,  in  IN.'IN,  n^'cil  7'').  Ilnrti  lit  Itntliinil,  lie 
commi'nrc'd  priiflicf  lit  (ircfiificlil,  wlii'nc'C'  alioiit 
IfilO  lie  rcniovrd  for  n  Hliort  tinii'  to  I'rovidcnci'! 
nflrrwardu  lie  lived  iit  S.  ]\v  died  univrrHiilly 
Inmrntc'd.  —  Williinnm'  Meil,  lliiiij. 

8TONF,,  Jo.si.Mi,  II  llnptist  minister,  died  nt 
New  Uoston,  N.  II.,  in  IN.')!*,  iiRcd  7(1. 

8TONI',,  M'll.l.iAM.  niiniHter  nt  Kant  Ilidge, 
N.  Y.,  died  in  INK),  a\;vi\  N'J. 

STONJ;,  Wil.i.lAM  I,.,  died  nt  Snrnto,'ii 
Sprlnj^M  Aiip.  I.),  IHII,  iij,'ed  o'l;  for  ninny  veiirs 
editor  of  tlie  New  York  {'oniniereini  Advertiser. 
His  wife  wiis  n  siNtcr  of  I'resident  Wnylnnd.  He 
piibliHlied  n  memoir  of  Hrniit,  in  2  voInmcH  j  the 
life  of  lied  Jacket ;  and  a  work  on  the  history  of 
Wyoming.  For  ninny  yenr.i  he  wnH  the  usel'iil 
iuperintendent  of  the  common  schools  in  the  city 
of  New  York. 

STONE,  NoAii,  Dr.,  died  at  Oxford,  Conn., 
1851,  ngcd  08. 

STONE,  Enos,  colonel,  died  Oct.  23,  1851, 
aged  70.  He  was  the  first  settler  of  Rochester, 
N.  Y.,  and  built  the  first  house  there. 

STONE,  Timothy,  died  in  .S.  Cornwall,  Conn., 
May  14,  1852,  aged  78;  iimi,-  years  jmstor  of 
the  church.  His  end  was  -lence.  He  was  active 
in  forining  the  Cornwnll  missio  i  school. 

STONE,  MlCAli,  minister  of  UrookfieId,Mnss., 
died  Sept.  20, 1852.  aged  82.  Horn  in  Keadinsf 
in  1770,  the  son  of  Itov.  Eliab  Stone,  he  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  in  1790,  and  was  jiastor  of  South 
Brookficld  from  1801  to  1827.  Then  he  with- 
drew, with  the  church,  from  the  parish,  and 
formed  a  new  society.  His  last  sermon,  nt  the 
age  of  eighty,  was  delivered  on  the  fiftieth  anni- 
versary of  his  ordination,  and  gave  evidence  of 
unimpaired  intellect.  As  a  neighbor,  friend,  and 
minister  he  was  highly  esteemed.  He  published 
a  sermon  on  the  death  of  "Mary  Reed,  1804;  a 
fast  sermon,  1812  j  a  semi-centennial  sermon, 
1851. 

STORER,  Seth,  minister  of  "VVatertovvn,  Mass., 
died  in  1774,  aged  72.  Horn  in  Saco,  tlie  son  of 
Col.  Joseph  S.,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
17i,''"',  and  was  settled  in  1724  as  successor  of  II. 
Oibbf. 

STORER,  Ebenezer,  an  officer  in  the  Revo- 
iution  /  war,  die  at  Gorham,  Me.,  Jan.  20, 1846, 
jg  ?ii  87.  He  V  as  bom  in  Wells :  his  mother 
"vui  a  sister  of  C  ov.  Langdon.    He  was  a  mer- 


rhnnt  of  I'ordniid  niiil    New  York,  nnil  n  Chris- 
linn.  — I'liiiiliiiii  Minur,  I'eli.  12. 

STOItK,  \Vlll,l\M,  |>iililis|iri|  a  dexeriilion  of 
I'.nst  I'loriilu,  «illi  II  journal  of  J.  Ilurtnun,  410., 
1774. 

STOItK  I',,  CiiAiiits  A.  (•.,  minihfir  nt  Rownn, 
N.  ('..died  in  IS.') I,  n^ed  tWI. 

.STOItltS,  Jims,  n,!iii»ter  of  .Soutluild  on 
Long  Ihl.iiiil,  died  in  Mniisdelil,  '^'omi.,  in  I7(»i(, 
aged  about  (i.'i.  He  gni'lii"t(il  at  Yale  in  17,',fl| 
was  a  tutor  in  17(11;  was  onlaiiied  in  I7(i.'l.  In 
eonse(|ueii(e  of  the  war  he  left  bis  ehiirge  from 
1770  to  17H2,  living  in  MniiMlleld,  where  his  jint- 
riniony  lay,  and  neiing  soinetinies  ns  eliajil'iin  in 
the  army.  He  resigned  bis  ebarge  at  Soutliold 
in  17N7,  mill  reliinied  to  .Mansfield.  He  was  the 
father  of  Rev.  It.  S.  Storrs ;  and  ])ublished  n  sri 
moll  at  bis  ordiiuitiini,  I7H(i. 

STOUUS,  llK  iiAiii)  SAiTKit,  ministrv  ,|I,(,n,  . 
meadow,  Mass.,  died  Oct.  .'{,  I.SIK,  n  ,'f d  .M.  Horn 
ill  .M^ll^lil■l(l,  t'oiiii.,  the  son  of  J'-v.  Ji.j.'i  ,S  | 
graduated  nt  Yale  in  1"85,  iiml  MnK  nrdniiii  il 
Dec.  7,  I7N,),  sueeeeding  S.  A\  li',  .us,  nnd  was 
succeeded  by  II.  Hiekinson  in  \^'Sxi,  His  )ireneli- 
iiig  wns  fervent  and  i  ■'  h  in  evniigelicnl  Iriuh,  iiui 
bis  ministry  wns  very  ncceptalile.  His  wife  was 
Sally,  a  dniigbti  i  of  Rev.  N.  Willisfon  :  he  was 
the  fnther  of  distinguished  sons,  one  of  wlmm  is 
Rev.  Dr.  S.  of  Ilraintree,  who  is  the  father  of  a 
distinguished  son.  Rev.  Dr.  S.  of  Urooklyn.  His 
earliest  ancestor  in  America  was  Samuel  of  Mans- 
field, the  son  of  Samuel  of  Sutton  in  England  ; 
next  wns  Samuel,  then  John,  then  again  John, 
then  Samuel  of  Mansfield,  then  Rev.  John  Storrs 
of  Soutliold,  who  wns  bis  father.  He  wns  named 
after  Rev.  Ricbnrd  Salter,  who  adopted  and  edu- 
cated him  in  consequence  of  some  family  ties. 

STORRS,  WiM.iAM,  minister  of  'Ashford, 
Conn.,  died  in  1824,  aged  about  50.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Dartmouth  in  1788. 

STORRS,  CnAni.ES  U.,  jircsident  of  a  col- 
lege  in  Ohio,  died  at  Rraintree,  Mass.,  Sejit.  13, 
183;j,  ngcd  39.  He  wns  the  son  of  Rev.  Richard 
S.  Storrs,  and  studied  theology  from  1817  three 
years  at  Andovcr  seniinnry.  From  1822  to  1828 
he  was  the  i)astor  of  Ravenna,  Ohio.  Afterwards 
he  was  professor  of  theology  and  president  of  the 
We  t.'-n  Jteserve  college  at  Hudson,  Ohio.  In 
ill  ii..iiiih  .'ic  •"i-^ited  his  brother,  Rev.  Dr  Storrs 
aMlniut!"!  *h- iQ  to  die.  ''  ,as  a  man  rcso- 
I  ■  i'  ;-.!,  <-'  and  jierscvering  in  efibrt,  of 
learning  and  deep  jiiety. 

STORRS,  Hexuy  Raxdoi.pii,  died  in  New 
Haven  July  29, 1837,  aged  i9.  Rom  in  IMiddlc- 
town,  he  graduated  nt  Yale  in  1804.  He  settled 
as  a  lawyer  at  Utica,  and  was  a  member  of  con- 
gress 1819-21,  1823-31 ;  of  powerful  elocution, 
and  a  debater  of  high  rank.  From  Utica  he 
removed  to  New  York.  —  Goodrich's  UecoUcc- 
tions. 


STOIUIS. 


STORY. 


7<S 


STOnUS,  XvTilANJM.,  (Hod   in   Ilixfon  Jimr  forttinr  nf  any  Inwyrr  rn)in  hin  pmctirr  ami  liia 

111,  \h:>\,  n;,'i'(l  77  i  n  ilisiiiiniii»h(<l  Iciiclirr  many  li.i>.k»<i  tl.r  iiiriinii'  I'rnm  lii*  IhhiU   In  iiiit  |(i,(Mi4) 

jiMf.     Ik' *»i-  1  iiativu  (if  l.rlmiiDii,  \.  II.  ilolliir*  a   jcur.     II  in  wife,   Sinih    W.iUio    Wet. 

SI'OKUS,    Ji.;(v.    nilnii.Hr   (if    WinclniKldn.  nuiic,  wim  the  (laii)ilitrr  (if  Ji^dj^c  W  nu.mi  M'ri- 

MiN'i.,  ilic'l  i'^  IN.'il.  i/ed.^;.'.     Iliirniii  Man-'tii'lil,  iii'irc.     Ilr    iill    ii   mini     iSu   n   <.';  m.-lii^t-.  nho 

('(itiii..  Ill'  lii'l  '"■«"'>    pii-''f  ill    llirrc  itiiil   lliij-  niiirriril  (iriii){c  \V.  Ciirii-      lu  r<  vxfd   Id  low- 

|i.ilciii,!ili«i  ill  Niin>  ioh.  Conn,  j  miil  wa.t  a^k'nt  of  yem'  tVi  .  Jtulac  Sturx  rclnfcs  «  |ih'iii»mii  nncc- 

llic  Aiiu'riciin  lijlii'    -'»  ''ty.  '  (iotc.     .I>i(l({r  I'iirM'n>.  «u>i  himv  iHit«t«itli<(i  In  jot. 

STOIlY,  lUMi.i.,  first  ni(ii'«tcr  of  Miirirttn,  fcr,  uikI  liit  o|iini<m  uskrd,  :m4  a  (♦><>  nfjit  dullnn 
died  Dec.  ao,  I'  '»».  nuid  |!>  A  'mrlt  of  Jiulxc  wuh  M'n«  lie  n.  ulc  n<i  i»*.swfr  Aflcr  n  *hilo 
J.  Story,  lie  w;is  b(irii  in  HokIum  in  ITii'/,  mid  rnnir  n  ^ocdud  li'ttcr,  t<i  which  ilii'jiiil(,'c  rt'idii'il 
Uriidiiiiit'd  at  Diirtniiiiilli  ill  17SII.  Wliili' prculi-  iJMt  he  luul  cxaniim  d  the  f «»(  iiiid  t'nrmcd  nn 
in;;  at  Worrcstcr,  lie  wax  i  mki'iI  in  17H!I  to  go  opinii/lt  lint  "Komch.-w  or  i.ilicr  i(  hIimU  in  hii 
n»  a  cliiiiilaiM  to  Oliiii,  and  (iiiiiini'iicid  his  laL-r*  ihnmt."  The  ynillcnian  l.xik  llic  hint  ;ii  ^t^nt 
In  the  Ki)rin},',|in';i('hin;;  at  Marietta  and  at  the  sft-  him  lOli  doliarn.  In  iiin  |i(i|iiici(  Judg'  •'^i  •od 
tlcmi'iits  nf  Wati'rford  and  llcljiro  i  at  the  Utter  a  rciiiil'licaii.  di'mnmiiuilcd  n  jai'ol/in.  lui  an  vnt 
jilacc  uiidpr  tlic  hIiikK'  of  u  wiih'-hrani'hinir  tree,  nf  Mr.  ,Mli  rson  :  and  he  dri  w  npiwi  hiniM-i  ^ot 
I'"roni  17!*1  to  17!>.j  he  prcaclu'd  in  the  clianilicr  a  litllc  (idium,  liviii;;  in  the  iniilst  of  «arni  fcUv  - 
(if  the  liloi'k-h(niHt'  of  CainpiiH  Marlins  at  Mari  alistii.  Ifni  hi'  rapidly  riwc  tn  disim.  ficm  as  a 
cita.  He  lircachcd  also  nt  the  month  of  the  ia«}<'i  .  for  h''  ^vnH  alwayH  a  Imi'd  studi'i.'.  and  h(- 
Miiskin^fiiin  on  tilt'  left  liank,  fort  llartrn'r  hcin;,'  had  laifiitH  and  jjcninN.  His  piditlcal  Httn«  liiucnrii 
on  till'  rif,'ht  hank.  He  was  accn  tonicd  to  pjii  to  j  did  not  jiri-vciil  him  from  nnikiiva  somr  ini  "tant 
Itcipro,  illU'cn  miles,  and  to  Watcrford,  twenty  (liHcovcrics  and  from  iilteriiiK;  "inc  iii>  iiant 
jiiiies,  in  a  canoe.  He  collected  a  chnrcli  of  New  l',n)fliind  feelinjfs ;  "  Vir);i;  i  linK  rii  .  h« 
mcmhcrs  from  various  ])!aceH  in  ITOli,  over  which  hy  the  old  nuwim,  divide  nnd  (  ii(|ner."  •■  Wi- 
ns pastor  he  was  ordained, —  not  on  the  spot,  for  have  :  loiislilv  --utlered  onrselven  to  Ik  whF4<(Ur<l 
there  was  no  minister  west  of  the  mountains, ,  liy  miMliern  pr'liticians,  initil  wr  have  alnm^i  i"""' 
hnt  at  Danvers  in   Mass.,  Mr.  f'nflcr  preaching  I  molten    'lat  tht  hnnnrN  and  the  con-^'titutini 


the  sermon,  Ang.  13,  1797.  1I('  was  dismissed 
ot  his  own  rc(piest,  lieinj^  in  had  health,  Mardi 
1,"),  IHOI;  nnd  died  in  the  same  yenr.  He  owned 
lands  ;  hut  he  left  dehts,  which  the  sale  of  them 
was  only  suHicient  to  jiny.  His  jirojierty  ami  liis 
life  were  sacrificod  for  the  relij^iouH  henetit  of  the 
west.  He  wuH  a  pood  jireaclicr;  in  ]irnyer 
L'reatly  jjiftcd.  In  Ins  conversation  he  was  cheer- 
ful and  animated.  He  was  never  married.  His 
name  is  rememhcred  with  lionor.  Mr.  Uohhins 
Buccccded  liim. — Jlildrelli'.i  /iin;/.  Memoirs. 

STOJlY,  IsA.vr,  minister  of  >Iarlilehead,  died 
in  IKIG,  npcd  nhout  70.  He  graduated  nt  I'rince- 
tnn  in  170S;  wns  ordnined  colleague  with  S. 
Uradstroct  of  Mnrhlehend  in  1771  i  and  married 
his  daughter.  After  tliirty  years  lie  left  the  min- 
istry nnd  engaged  in  secular  business.  He  puh- 
lislied  nn  e])istle  from  Yaric?)  to  Inkle ;  n  thanks- 
giving sermon,  1774,  1795  ;  eulogy  on  Wnshing- 
ton;  oration  nt  Worcester,  1S01(  Parnassian 
sho]),  1801. —  Sprnr/Hc. 

STOUY,  JosKi'ii,  judge,  died  in  Cnmhridge 
Sejii.  10,  1845,  aged  nearly  (>0.  He  was  the  son 
of  ])r.  Elisha  Story  of  Marblehead,  and  was  horn 
Sept.  18,  1779,  nnd  graduated  at  Hnrvard  in  1798. 
He  became  a  member  of  the  legislature  in  1805, 
nnd  was  elected  speaker :  he  was  also  a  member 
of  congress.  Mr.  Madi.son  appointed  him  in  1811 
a  judge  of  the  supreme  court,  an  office  he  held 
thirty-four  years  till  his  death.  In  1830  he  was 
appointed  Dane  jirofessor  in  the  law  school  nt 


the  I'l  ion   nre  as  inneh  our  hirihiight   and 
prolroli   n  n*  of  the  rest  of  the   rnif#<l    Stiii 
lie  fomlMied  in   his  character  some '.i  aits  ■ 
are  seldi    n   uniled.     He  was  a  writer  of  poi  i  r\- 
and  a  leiu    ed,  iihi!oso])hical  jurist :  he  was  the  lilr 
of  social  1    nils,  and  almost  uiicfpiallcd  in  conver- 
sntion,  yet      hard  and  laborious  student.     In  the 
extent  of  li       invaluable   legal  writ  iigs  he  standi 
almost  aloiu        His  commenlaiies     iid  his  \Nrit- 
ten  judgmeii's  in   his  circuit  niuki    ;wenty-seven 
voluinesj    nil  ;    his  judgments   in    ilie    supreme 
court  form  ari    imjiortant  ]iart  of  thirty-four  vol- 
umes more,      'he  reporters  of  the  circuit  cases 
were  .1.  (jallison,  W.  1*.  Mason,  ('.   Sumner,  nnd 
W.  W.  Story.     His  commentaries  on  the  consti- 
tution of  the  I  I    led  States  nre  in  three  volumes  ; 
and  on   the  cmllictof  laws  in   one  volume ;  on 
equity  jinis])ru(l(  icc  in  two  volumes;  on  the  law 
of  jilendiiigs  in  one ;  on  the  law  of  hnilments  in 
one.     He  wrote    dso  on   the  law  of  ngency ;  of 
jiartncrship  ;  of  :  ills  of  exchange  ;  of  jiromissory 
notes.     In  his  las   -ickness  he  said  to  his  wife  :  "  I 
shall  die  content,   uul  with   a  firm  faith   in   the 
goodness  of  God.     We  shall  meet  again. "     He 
wns  a  member  of  the  Unitarian  church  in  Cam- 
bridge; but,  nltlioi  i;h  the  author  of  the  account 
of  his  life  says  of  Lim,  "he  believed  in  the  insjii- 
ration  and  doctrine^  of  Christ,  in  the  immortnliiy 
of  the  soul,  in  the   inity  of  God,"  there  docs  not 
seem  to  be  any  evidence,  in  the  two  volumes  of 
his  life,  that  he  regarded  the  Son  of  God  ns  nny 


Cambridge.     It  is  said  he  acquired  the  largest  \  thing  more  than  an  iiispiied  man :  not  one  word 


IM 


766 


STOUGHTON. 


STRIXOIIAM. 


occurs  in  them  intimntinpf  his  belief  of  the  tcach- 
iiigHof  Scripture  (  >nceriiin<jr  the  ])re-exist('ncc  niul 
incariinlion  of  the  Son  of  God,  and  his  death  as 
a  pro])itiation  for  the  sins  of  the  world.  In  no- 
ticing the  diversities  of  construction  amonf,' 
learned  men  of  the  same  Divine  word,  every  re- 
flecting man  must  feel  it  to  he  his  duty  to  Judge 
for  himself,  and  not  to  build  his  faith  on  the  per- 
suasion of  another.  As  to  his  poetry,  if  the 
remarks  of  a  critic  are  true,  the  defects  of  his 
Power  of  solitude,  written  in  early  life,  arc  "  an 
exaggeration  of  feeling,  confusion  of  imagery, 
and  a  want  of  simplicity  of  e.\])ression.  The 
style  is  stilted  and  artificial."  His  life  was  pub- 
lished by  his  son,  William  Wetmorc  Story,  in  2 
vols.,  1851. 

STOUGIITOX,  Wii.T.iAM,  lieutenant-governor 
of  Mass.,  died  at  Dorchester  July  T,  1701,  aged 
70.  He  was  the  son  of  Col.  Israel  Stoughton, 
who  commanded  the  Massachusetts  troops  in  the 
Pequot  war.  Ho  was  graduated  at  Harvard  col- 
lege in  ICOO,  and  bceonn'ng  a  preacher  was  for 
some  years  resident  in  England.  After  the  res- 
toration in  ICOO  he  was  ejected  from  a  fellowshi]) 
in  O.xford,  and  re])alred  to  New  I-]ngland  in  1CG2. 
Though  not  a  settled  minister  he  was  appointed 
to  preach  the  election  sermon  in  1CG8.  This 
sermon  has  been  ranked  among  the  best  delivered 
upon  the  occasion.  After  the  death  of  Mr. 
Mitchell  he  declined  an  invitation  to  become  his 
successor  in  the  care  of  the  church  at  Cambridge. 
In  lfi71  he  was  chosen  a  magistrate,  and  in  1077 
went  to  England  as  an  agent  for  the  jjrovinco. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  council,  and  chief  jus- 
tice of  the  superior  court.  IJcing  ajipointed 
lieutenant-governor  in  1092,  he  was  commander- 
in-chief  from  1G94  to  1C99,  and  again  in  1700. 
He  was  a  man  of  groat  learning,  integrity,  i)r«- 
dence,  patriotism,  and  ])icty.  He  was  a  generous 
benefactor  of  Harvard  college,  giving  to  that 
institution  ai)out  1,000  pounds.  Stoughton  hall 
■was  erected  at  his  expense  in  1C98.  He  left  a 
tract  of  land  for  the  support  of  students,  natives 
of  Dorchester,  at  the  college,  and  another  tract 
for  the  benefit  of  schools.  He  was  never  mar- 
ried. —  Willard's  Sermon. 

STOUGIITOX,  JiAN,  don,  Spanish  consul, 
died  at  Boston  in  1820,  aged  'o.  He  had  been 
consul  at  II.  for  thirty  years. 

STOW,  Samuki,,  first  minister  of  Middletown, 
Conn.,  died  May  8,  1704,  aged  82.  He  was  the 
son  of  Thomas  of  Concord,  and  was  born  in  Eng- 
land ;  was  graduated  in  164o,  in  the  third  Har- 
vard class;  and  went  to  Middletown  in  lC4o, 
remaining  in  the  ministry  ton  years.  He  then 
relinquished  hi-  profession,  and  was  for  the  re- 
mainder of  his  life  a  much-respected  citizen.  His 
wife  was  Hope,  daughter  of  William  Fletcher  of 
Concord :  his  daughter  Hope  married  George 
Phillips  of  Middletown.     He  gave  a  lot  of  land 


to  the  town  for  the  benefit  of  education.  He  Icfl 
in  manuscript  ten  Essays  for  conversion  of  the 
Jews. 

STOWE,  WiM.lAM  B.,  died  at  ;idgovillc,  O., 
in  ISOij,  aged  73.  Born  in  Miull)oi()ii^ii,  In- 
graduated  at  Williams  college  in  181 1,  and  was 
for  many  years  a  minister  in  New  I'"ngland  and 
Now  York,  and  performed  much  missionarv 
labor. 

STIIAWBRIDGE,  William,  a  Baptist  min- 
ister, died  at  Lower  Providouce,  Pa.,  in  IS.'jO, 
aged  73. 

STIIEET,  Nicholas,  minister  of  Taiuiton  and 
New  Haven,  died  in  1074.  He  came  from  I'jig- 
land;  was  colleague  with  Mr.  Hook  at  Taunlon, 
where  he  remained  twenty  years;  and  then  was 
colleague  with  Mr.  Davenport  in  lO.jO,  and  re- 
mained at  New  Haven  till  his  death.  He  was 
])ious,  modest,  judicious,  and  a  good  ])roaclu'r. 
llis  first  wife  was  a  sister  of  Elizabeth  Pool ;  his 
second,  the  widow  of  Gov.  Newman.  —  Sprar/iic's 
Annals. 

STREET,  Samuel,  minister  of  New  Haven, 
the  son  of  Nicholas  S.,  died  Jan.  10,  1712,  aged 
82.  He  had  boon  minister  forty-two  years.  His 
daughter  married  Theophilus  Yale. 

STREET,  Samukl,  first  minister  of  Walling- 
ford.  Conn.,  died  Jan.  10,  1717,  aged  82.  1[,> 
was  the  son  of  Rev.  Nicholas  S.,  and  ordained  in 
1074,  then  40  years  of  age.  The  church  was 
strictly  Congregational,  rejecting  the  Saybrook 
platform,  when  formed.  Mr.  Wliittelsey  was  or- 
dained in  1710. 

STREE  r,  Nicholas,  minister  of  East  Haven, 
Conn.,  died  in  1800,  aged  70.  He  graduated  at 
Yale  in  1751,  and  was  settled  in  1755,  succeeding 
the  first  pastor,  J.  Hemingway.  He  was  distin- 
guished for  jjiety,  prudence,  and  benevolence 

Sprarfue. 

STREETER,  Zi:  bedee,  a  Universalist  minister, 
died  at  Surry,  N.  H.,  in  1808,  aged  70. 

STRICKLAND,  Jonx,  a  muiister,  died  at  Ilnd- 
son,  N.  H.,in  1823,  aged  84.  Born  at  Hadlcy, 
he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1701.  He  was  jjastor  at 
Oakham,  Mass.,  from  1708  to  1773;  was  installed 
at  Nottingham  West  in  1774  ;  at  Turner,  Me.,  in 
1774;  at  Andover,  N.  IL,  in  1780. 

STRINGER,  Samuel,  Dr.,  died  at  Albany  in 
1817,  aged  82.  Born  in  Maryland,  he  was  a  sm- 
geon  in  the  army  in  1758,  and  after  the  war 
settled  and  married  in  Albany.  In  the  Revolu- 
tionary war,  he  was  director-general  of  the  luis- 
pitL.ls  at  the  north.  He  was  esteemed  as  a 
physician.  In  his  habits  be  was  frugal  and  tem- 
perate. —  Thnchcr's  Med.  lUoq. 

STRINGHAM,  James  S.,  M.  D.,  a  physician 
of  New  York  city,  died  at  St.  Croix  in  1817,  ai^cd 
about  42.  Born  in  N.  Y.,  he  graduated  at  t'li- 
lumbia  college  in  1793.  He  studied  niediciiie  in 
part  in  Edinburgh.    He  succeeded  Mitchell  as 


STllOXG. 

professor  of  chcmiHtry  in  Coliimliia  collcpc;  then 
was  ])rofessor  of  medical  jiiris])rii(Iiiu'e.  He  wrote 
for  various  journals. —  Tlitichir's  Mnl.  Jlioi/. 

STllOXO,  Jon,  died  Sept.  ;iO,  17.-)1,  u-rvd  21, 
at  Portsmouth,  N.  II.,  where  lie  had  l)een  a  min- 
ister two  years.  He  was  a  native  of  Northamp- 
ton; a  graduate  of  Yale  in  1747;  a  missionary 
amoiif,'  the  Indians  a  short  time.  A  letter  of  his 
is  i)reserved  in  Brainerd's  lil'e. 

S'l'IU)?>(i,Tn()M.V.>i,  first  minister  of  \ew  Marl- 
horough,  died  Aug.  23,  1777,  aged  about  ()(>. 
Born  in  Northanijilon,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in 
1710,  and  was  settled  Oct.  ai,  1711.  T.  Tattlow 
of  Marlborough,  Conn.,  bequeathed  llein-y's  com- 
mentary, in  six  large  volumes,  to  the  church,  to 
be  lent  out  to  the  members:  they  were  a  treas- 
ure in  the  wilderness.  His  successors  were  ('. 
Alexander  and  T.  Catlin.  Mr.  S.  married  I'.li/.a- 
beth  llarnard ;  and  his  son,  Thomas  liarnard 
Strong,  a  graduate  of  Yale  hi  liSOO,  is  a  citizen 
of  I'ittsfield. 

STllOXG,  X.VTII.\\,  minister  of  Coventry, 
Conn.,  the  first  in  the  north  society,  died  in  17!).), 
aged  aboiit  15.     He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1712. 

STllOXG,  Josi:rii,  minister  of  Williamsburg, 
Mass.,  died  in  1803,  aged  73.  The  .son  of  Jo- 
scjjh  of  Coventry,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1710, 
and  was  first  the  minister  of  Granby,  Conn.,  from 
17J2  to  1770  ;  was  a  chaplain  in  the  army  ;  and 
was  settled  in  W.  in  1781.  His  .son,  Joscjjh, 
minister  of  Glastenbury,  South  Hadiey,  Ik'lcher- 
town,  and  Treble,  N.  Y.,  died  in  1823,  aged  07 ; 
the  father  of  Prof.  Theodore  Strong  of  Clinton. 
He  published  a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of  S. 
Graves;  on  the  death  of  G.  Mills;  the  church 
one,  1783;  two  sermons  in  a  volume,  1790. — 
Sprni/ne'.i  Annals. 

STKOXG,  Simeon,  LL.  I).,  judge,  died  at  Am- 
herst, Mass.,  Dec.  11,  1805,  aged  00.  Horn  in 
Xorthani])ton,  his  father  removed  to  Amherst ;  he 
graduated  at  Yale  in  17<5C ;  was  at  first  a  jireacher, 
but  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1701,  and  was  ap- 
])ointed  a  jndgc  of  the  supreme  co\irt  in  1800. 
lie  was  a  learned  lawyer,  an  upright  judge,  a 
jjious  Christian,  conversant  with  family  and  closet 
devotions. 

STllOXG,  Nkiiemi.\ii,  jjrofessor  of  mathema- 
tics in  Yale  college,  died  in  1807,  aged  79.  Horn 
in  Xorthami)ton,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1750 ; 
was  tutor  three  years ;  then  ordained  in  Sims- 
bury,  now  Granby ;  and  was  professor  from  1770 
to  1781.  He  died  at  Bridgeport.  He  published 
astronomy  improved,  the  substance  of  three  lec- 
tures. 

STllOXG,  Cyprian,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Chat- 
ham, now  Portland,  Conn.,  died  in  1811,  aged  07. 
liorn  at  Farmington,  Conn.,  he  graduated  at  Yale 
in  1703,  and  was  settled  in  1767.  The  first  min- 
ister was  Daniel  Newell,  settled  in  1721,  the  town 
being  then  a  part  of  Middlctown.    Dr.  Strong's 


STUOXG. 

iiftv-'" 


767 


mniistry  contin\ied  iifty-four  years.  He  i)ub- 
lislu'd  a  sermon  (mi  owning  the  covenant,  17S(); 
remarks  on  sermons  of  J.  Lewis,  1789;  iiupiiry 
(m  ba])tisin,  179:t;  at  ordina'iDii  of  S.  Shepard, 
1795;  of  !•:.  Gridley,  1797  ;  of  ,J.  Hushnell.  1800; 
at  election,  1700;  at  the  request  of  masons;  a 
fast  sermon.  —  iS'/'"".'/'"-'*'  Ami/ils. 

STllOXG,  JoNATii.vx,  1).  1).,  minister  of  Uan- 
d()l]ih,  Mass., (lied  .Nov.  9,  lSll,af;ed  50.  He  was 
born  in  liolton,  Conn.,  Sept  1,  1701 ;  his  parents 
removed  to  Orford,X.  H.  He  was  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  college  in  1780;  ordained  as  the  col- 
league of  Mr.  Tafl  in  Jan.,  1789.  His  successor 
was  Thaddcus  Pomeroy.  His  daughter  married 
W.  Cogswell,!).  1).  In  three  ])eriodsof  success- 
ftd  toil  during  his  ministry  he  mnnbered  more 
than  two  hundred  converts.  He  was  a  faithful 
preacher,  of  unpolished  but  jjowerful  eloq\ience, 
lirm  in  his  attachment  to  the  great  truths  of  the 
gospel.  A  memoir  of  him  by  Hev.  Mr.  Storrs  is 
in  the  jianoplist,  vol.  xii.  He  wrote  much  for  the 
Massachusetts  missionary  magazine,  and  also  for 
the  jianoplist.  He  iiubiished  a  sermon  at  the 
thaidvsgiving,  1795;  at  the  ordination  of  L. 
White,  1798;  on  the  landing  of  our  forefathers, 
1803;  on  the  death  of  Dr.  Z.  Bass,  1804;  be- 
fore the  missionary  society,  1808 ;  on  the  national 
independence,  1810;  at  a  dedication,  1814. — 
Spriic/iir's  Annals. 

STUOXG,  John,  general,  died  at  Addison,  Vt., 
in  1810,  aged  79.  He  was  a  soldier  of  the  llevo- 
lution,  and  first  judge  of  Addison  county. 

STUOXG,  X.vniAN,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Hart- 
ford, Conn.,  died  Dee.  25,  1810,  aged  08.  IIc 
was  the  son  of  Xathan  S.,  minister  of  Coventry; 
was  born  in  1748;  graduated  at  Yale  college  in 
1700;  and  was  ordained  Jan.  5,  1774.  In  the 
war  he  was  a  patriot  aiul  a  cha])lain  in  the  army. 
He  was  a  learned  and  very  useful  minister,  dis- 
tinguished for  his  discernment  and  knowledge  of 
men.  Of  the  missionary  society  of  Conn,  he  was 
the  principal  founder  in  1708.  For  some  years 
he  was  the  editor  of  the  Connecticut  evangelical 
magazine.  Dr.  S.  issued  a  ]n'os])ectiis  for  his 
sermons.  As  the  ])oet  Trumbull  one  day  met 
him,  he  inquired,  "  \\'hen  are  your  sermons  to  be 
out  ?  "  The  Dr.  replied,  "  I  camiot  exactly  tell ;  I 
am  waiting  to  find  a  text  to  suit  a  luan  who  never 
comes  to  church,  exce])t  when  ho  has  a  child  to 
be  baptized."  He  published  the  doetrhie  of  eter- 
nal misery  reconciled  with  the  benevolence  of  God, 
in  answer  to  Huntington,  8vo. ;  a  sermon  at  the 
execution  of  M.  Dunbar,  1777;  of  11.  Doane, 
1797;  on  the  death  of  AVashington;  of  S.  Wil- 
liams, 1800;  of  C.  Backus,  1804;  of  J.  Cogswell, 
1807;  of  C.  Goodrich,  1815;  at  election,  1790; 
at  two  thanksgivings  ;  at  ordination  of  J.  Strong, 
1778 ;  of  J.  L.  Skinner,  1794 ;  at  convention  of 
a  church;  before  a  benevolent  society;  on  muta- 
bility of  life ;  on  the  use  of  time ;  a  century  ser- 


!l: 


lip 
tip 


i'l 


768 


STRONG. 


STUART. 


mon,  IROl ;  RormonR,  2  vols.  —  Spragne's  An- 
nals', Am.  Qunr.  He;/.,  Nov.,  1810. 

STI{0.\0,  Calkh,  LL.  1).,  governor  of  Massii- 
chusctfs,  died  siiddonly  at  Northampton,  Nov.  7, 
1819,  af^cd  71.  llo  was  the  son  of  Caleb  S., 
descended  from  John  S.,  who  arrived  from  Taun- 
ton, I'^ngland,  in  May,  1030,  and  settled  at  Dor- 
chester, and  thence  removed  to  AVindsor,  and  in 
1609  to  Norlliampton.  He  was  born  at  N.  in 
Jan.,  1740,  and  ffrtdnatcd  at  Harvard  college  in 
1764.  He  studied  law  with  Mr.  Hawlcy,  but 
from  ill  health  did  not  commence  the  practice 
till  1772.  In  1776  he  was  a  member  of  the  leg- 
islature with  Mr.  Hawley,  and  continued  in  that 
body  an  active  fiiond  of  his  country  till  1780, 
when  he  was  chosen  a  councillor.  In  1779  he 
assisted  in  forming  the  constitution  of  rilassachu- 
sctts,  and  in  1787  that  of  the  United  States. 
Under  the  new  national  government  he  was  eight 
years  a  senator,  from  1789  to  1797.  He  was 
governor  from  1 SOO  till  1 807,  when  ^Ir.  Sullivan 
was  elected;  and  was  again  chosen  governor 
during  the  difficult  ])criod  of  the  war,  from  1812 
to  1815.  His  wife,  the  daughter  of  John  Hooker, 
the  minister  of  Northampton,  died  in  1817.  He 
was  a  man  of  sound  judgment,  and  of  exemplary 
piety.  He  wrote  the  address  of  the  government 
to  the  insurgents  in  1786.  His  s])eeches  from 
1807  to  1808  were  published,  8vo.,  1808. 

STRONG,  Josi:ni,  1).  1).,  died  at  Norwich, 
Conn.,  Dec.  18,  1834,  aged  80.  He  descended 
from  John  Strong;  his  grandfather  removed 
from  AVindsor  to  Woodbury;  his  father,  llev. 
Nathan  S.,  of  the  second  church  in  Coventry,  was 
graduated  in  1742.  He  was  a  brother  of  Nathan 
Strong  of  Hartford.  His  son,  Henry  Strong, 
LL.  1).,  died  at  Norwich,  Nov.  1 1,  1802,  aged  64. 
Dr.  S.  succeeded  R.  Lord.  J.  Fitch  was  the  first 
pastor.  He  had  as  a  colleague  C.  B.  Everett. 
He  published  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  Gov. 
Huntington,  1796;  of  Washington ;  of  Dr.  J. 
Lathrop,  1803;  of  J.  ^lurdock;  of  A.  Hooker, 
1813. 

STRONG,  Titus,  D.  D.,  Episcojjal  minister  in 
Greenfield,  died  June  11,  1850,  aged  68. 

STRYKER,  I.sa.\C  p.,  missionary  for  Borneo, 
died  at  Batavia  March  27,  1842.  lie  sailed  from 
Boston  in  1840,  fitpt.  John  Codman  giving  him 
a  free  jjassage  to  Hatavia  in  the  ship  Sarah  Par- 
ker. Atter  a  resilience  for  some  time  at  B.,  he 
had  embarked  for  Borneo,  when  he  was  attacked 
with  a  fatal  fever. 

STUART,  GiLBKUT,  or  Gilbert  Charles,  a  i)or- 
trait-])ainter,  died  Wednesday,  July  9, 1828,  aged  j 
73.  He  was  born  in  Newj)ort,  R.  I.,  in  1755.  i 
He  was  a  pupil  of  Benjamin  West  in  London. 
He  was  ai)])lauded  in  England,  but  he  returned 
to  America  in  1790  or  1794,  and  resided  chiefly 
in  Philadelphia  and  AVashington  till  about  1801, 


when  ho  removed  to  Boston.  Ho  was  long 
racked  with  the  gout.  He  left  a  daughter,  Mrs. 
Stcl)bins,  a  painter.  He  was  thoroughly  ac- 
quainted with  his  art,  and  as  a  portrait  and  his- 
torical painter  was  unequalled  in  this  countrv. 
He  was  also  a  man  of  a  strong  mind  and  inter- 
esting conversation.  His  jiicturc  of  Washington 
])rescnts  a  head  of  calm  and  majestic  wisdom, 
familiar  to  all  Americans.  His  pictures  of  Madi- 
son and  Jeflcrson  are  in  the  gallery  of  Bowdoin 
college. 

STUART,  Dt'Nf'AN,  an  early  shi])builder  in 
Newbury,  Mass.,  died  in  Itowley  in  1717,  a-'td 
100.     lie  removed  to  R.  l)efore  1680. 

STUART,  RoDKRT,  died  at  Chicago  Oct.  20, 
1848,  aged  63.  He  lived  as  an  enterprising  mer- 
chant at  Mackinaw,  connected  with  the  great 
west;  but  his  chief  residence  was  Detroit.  IJe 
went  to  Illinois  for  a  temporary  abode,  as  con- 
nected with  the  internal  im])rovcments  in  tli;it 
State.  Fidl  of  joyous  hopes  as  to  rejoining  his 
family  in  Detroit,  he  fell  a  victim  to  the  great 
destroyer.  But  he  was  an  exeni])lary  Christian 
and  an  elder  in  the  church.  He  was  Iiulinn 
agent,  and  held  various  offices  of  trust.  —  06,?, 
Nov.  18. 

STUART,  BwiD,  died  at  Detroit,  Nov.  22, 
1853,  aged  88;  one  of  Astor's  agents  in  his  ex- 
pedition to  Columbia  river  in  1810. 

STUART,  R()Bi:nT,  D.  I).,  died  near  Nicholas- 
ville,  Aug.  10,  1856;  the  oldest  minister  of  the 
synod  of  Kentucky,  an  excellent  and  venerable 
man. 

STUART,  Moses,  died  at  Andover  Jan.  4, 
1852,  aged  71.  The  son  of  Isaac,  he  was  born 
at  AVilton,  Conn.,  March  26,  1780;  was  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  in  1799;  was  two  years  tutor,  from 
1802  to  1804.  Ho  first  studied  law,  then  theol- 
ogy, and  was  ordained  as  successor  of  Dr.  Dana 
over  the  central  church.  New  Haven,  March  5, 
1800;  but  in  1810  removed  to  Andover  as  p:»o- 
fessor  of  saored  literature,  where  ho  passed  the 
remainder  of  his  life.  He  had  been  a  j)rcnchcr 
forty-seven  yeors,  a  teacher  forty-one,  a  jirofi'ssor 
in  the  theological  seminary  thirty-eight.  In  per- 
son he  was  tali ;  he  was  frank,  noble,  independent, 
simple  in  manners;  though  at  times  sarcastic  and 
severe,  yet  always  honest  and  highl)  respected 
for  his  integrity  and  directness.  His  wife,  Han- 
nah Clark  of  Danbury,  died  in  1850.  Tliree 
sons  graduated  at  Yale,  two  of  whom  entered 
the  profession  of  law,  and  one  that  of  medicine. 
One  of  his  daughters  married  Professor  I'lielps 
of  Andover,  and  died  in  1852  :  she  was  ii  gifted 
writer.  Professor  Stuart  may  be  regarded  as 
eminently  the  fother  of  biblical  literature  in  this 
country.  His  more  important  writings  may  l.c 
divided  into  four  or  five  classes.  First,  his  gram- 
mars and  other  aids  to  the  theological  student ; 


STUART. 


sTrni'R. 


7G9 


nest,  his  various  commentaries  on  several  books  j  brinp;  called  the  AVdid  or  the  Son  was  undeiivrd 
of  the  Old  Testament,  and  nn  the  epistle  to  the  iiidciieiuleiu,  ('(|ii:\l  wiili  him  who  is  c;illid  the 
Ilonians,  on  that  to  the  llel)rew!:,  and  on  the  j  Fatiier,  Ciod  himsiH',  or  one  of  tlirce  e(|-,ial  per- 
Ajmcalypsc  of  the  New  Testament.  Tlien  come  ,  sons  or  hcin^'<,  ennstituiin}^  (iod.  So  that  the 
his  letters  relatiii};  to  the  Unitarian  writiiifjs  of  controversy  between  ihcm  relates  entirelv  to  (ho 
Dr.  Channinf,' of  Jfoston;  and  lastly  his  contro- '  ajiplication  of  the  term  Son  to  Christ  before  ho 
vcrsy  with  Professor  Miller  of  Princeton.  ]?iit  i  came  into  the  worhl.  The  conscientious  inciiiirer, 
it  was  in  the  lecture-room  that,  in  the  judpjment  ;  who  wislies  to  settle  tlie  (nuslioTi  whether  the 
of  Professor  Stowe,  who  was  one  of  his  stti- j  bihle  does  not  teach  tliat  Christ  was  the  Son  of 
dents,  he  was  more  remarkable  than  even  in  his  Ciod  in  lieaven,  by  whom  CJod  criatcd  the  world, 
writinf,'s,  for  "his  readers  can  never  feel  the  and  that  he  came  to  the  earth  to  tabernacle  in 
kindling  enthusiasm  that  was  never  wantin;;  :  human  flesh,  himself  to  sutler,  in  order  to  make 
amouf;  his  hearers."  The  controversy  in  IH'22  :  atcmement  f(n-  the  sins  of  man,  will  not  build  his 
and  1823  between  this  learned  professor  at  An- j  faith  on  human  aiithorily;  though,  if  authority 
dover  and  ])r.  Miller,  the  head  of  the  theo- j  were  to  govern,  the  ancient  fathers  stand  higher 
logical  school  at  Princeton,  concerning  the  Ron-  j  than  the  modern  ])rof(ssors.  ]!iit  he  will  search 
ship  of  Christ,  is  an  event  of  note  in  the  theolog-  j  the  Scriptures  with  his  own  eyes  and  reason.     It 


icai  history  of  our  country.  AVhat  was  the 
doctrine  of  Professor  Stuart?  Ho  believed  that 
the  title  of  Son  was  not  given  to  Christ  in  refer- 
ence to  his  ])re-existing  nature,  but  only  in  rcsjicct 
to  his  human  nature,  and  that  he  was  the  Word, 
and  not  the  Son  of  God  from  eternity.  He  also 
believed  that  "infinite  power,  wisdom,  justice, 
benevolence,  etc.,  all  belong  to  God  in  his  sim])le 
unity,"  and  that  these  attributes  are  not  to  be 


is  ])leasant  to  record  it,  that  both  these  eminent 
men  reconnnend  a  free,  untramnielcd,  manly  in- 
quiry after  truth.  ])r.  Miller  says,  "I  rejoice 
that  our  lot  is  cast  in  an  age  and  a  country,  in 
which  the  most  unlimited  freedom  of  inquiry 
reigns."  Mr.  Stuart  oxjiresses  the  hope  that  the 
time  will  come  when  we  shall  "hold  ourselves 
more  and  more  free  to  canvass  the  oj)inions  of 
uninspired  men,  and  faster  bound  to  the  simi)le 


distinguished  from  his  substance  or  essence,  which  \  instructions  of  the  bible."     Surely,  what  is  ])lainly 


is  numerically  one.  Dr.  Miller  maintained,  with 
the  ancient  fathers  of  the  church,  that  Christ  was 
the  Son  of  God  in  his  j)re-o.\isting  nature,  before 
he  came  into  the  world,  and  was  generated  from 
the  divine  essence  of  the  Father.  Yet  be  was 
afraid  to  use  the  word  derived,  though  the  word 
generated  can  have  no  other  meaning.  He  says  : 
"  The  generation  of  the  Son  was  eternal.  This  lan- 
guage is  to  be  understood  in  a  Divine  and  ineflable 
sense,  excludnig  derivation,  inferiority,  or  subor- 
dination." It  were  well  for  all  our  theologians 
who  wish  to  teach  any  thing,  not  to  use  words  in 
an  "ineflable  sense."  So  also  Mr.  Stuart  denies 
a  derivation  of  the  Logos:  "I  believe  that  the 
Logos  is  really  and  verily  Divine, —  self-existent, 
uncaused,  independent,  immutable  in  himself." 
Yet  ho  admits  that  he  departs  from  the  opinion 
of  antiquity,  saying,  "the  Nicene  fathers  and 
the  Greek  commentators,  one  and  all,  held  that 
Christ  as  to  his  divine  nature  was  derived  from 
the  Father."  It  was  also  the  doctrine  of  the 
fathers  of  the  three  iirst  centuries,  as  he  admits, 
that  the  Son  was  derived  from  God.  Notwith- 
standing, in  his  view,  whatever  was  the  opinion 
of  the  ancients,  it  is  im])ossil)le  "to  make  the 
idea  of  time  and  jjrojier  divinity  harmonize  with 
that  of  derivation  and  consetpient  dei)endence." 
The  ancient  fathers  believed  that  the  self-existent, 
eternal  God  had  a  Son  generated  before  the  cre- 
ation of  the  world,  in  time  or  before  all  time, 


taught  in  God's  liook  is  to  be  received,  however 
discordant  it  may  be  with  the  teaching  of  vener- 
ated creeds  and  of  learned  professors  and  doctors 
of  theology.  Among  Mr.  Stuart's  writhigs  are 
his  commmiications  to  the  biblical  repository; 
Hebrew  grammars;  commentaries  on  the  He- 
brews, Komans,  Daniel,  Ecclesiastes,  Proverbs, 
Apocalypse ;  a  critical  history  of  the  Old  Testa- 
ment canon ;  a  volume  of  miscellanies,  including 
his  letters  to  Dr.  Channing  on  the  trinity;  two 
sermons  at  New  Haven,  1810;  letters  to  Dr. 
Miller  on  the  eternal  generation  of  the  Son, 
1S22;  two  sermons  on  the  atonement,  1824;  at 
a  dedication;  at  election,  1.S27;  at  ordination  of 
AV.  G.  Schaufller;  on  the  Lamb  of  God;  on  the 
death  of  Mrs.  A\'oods;  at  ordination  of  T.  Pun- 
derson;  of  F'isk,  Sjiaulding,  etc.,  IfilO;  on  fin- 
ishing the  seminary  building,  1821;  sketch  of 
Mrs.  E.Adams  ;  on  distilled  liquors,  IS.'JO;  hints 
on  the  jjropheeies ;  letters  to  Dr.  Channing  on 
religious  lilierty ;  on  the  Old  Testament  canon; 
on  the  wine  question,  1848 ;  various  translations 
of  learned  works  ;  course  of  Hebrew  stud}',  1830  ; 
on  bajilism,  183.'3;  a  grammar  of  the  New  Tes- 
tament dialect ;  conscience  and  the  constitution, 
liS.jl;  connnentary  on  I'.cclesiastes;  on  the  Prov- 
erbs.—  Hj)r(ii/i(i''s  ^\iiii(d.i. 

STLTi]:il,'lIi:.\UY,  Dr.,  died  in  Phihuleliihia, 
about  17!)2,  aged  about  22.  He  was  a  yoimg 
man  of  learnin;,'  and  of  great  jn-omise.     He  wrote 


derived  from  God  the  Father.     These  two  Amcr-  j  a  contiiuiation  of  the   life  of  I'^ranklin.  —  K'lY- 
ican  professors,  on  the  contrary,  believed  that  the  1  Hams. 


77©  STUFFLEBEAN. 

STUFFLEBEAX,  John,  died  in  Illinois  Jan. 
16,  1844,  ay;cd  110  years  and  11  months.  IJoin 
near  Albany,  he  served  in  the  Revolutionary  war; 
in  Kentucky  lie  fought  the  Indians;  he  finally 
lived  with  a  son  near  Kaskaskias.  He  was  three 
times  married. 

STUKTEVAXT,  Zexas,  a  soldier,  died  at 
Plympton  Ajjril  5,  1801,  aged  81.  IJy  his  grand- 
mother Sturtcvant  ho  was  the  sixth  in  descent 
from  llobcrt  Cushman  and  from  Isaac  AUerton. 
He  was  in  the  army  of  Gen.  St.  Clair  in  the  In- 
dian battle  near  the  forks  of  the  Miami  in  Ohio, 
Nov.  4,  1791.  In  the  disastrous  defeat  he  was 
twice  wounded  and  fell,  but  concealed  himself 
from  the  Indians  and  reached  fort  Jefferson  in 
three  days.  His  company  were  all  killed  and 
wounded  but  three :  among  the  killed  was  Lieut. 
Winslow  Warren,  son  of  Gen.  James  W.  of  I'ly- 
mouth,  and  Ensijjn  Cobb,  son  of  Gen.  D.  Cobb  of 
Taunton. 

STURTEVANT,  Newell,  a  merchant  of  Bos- 
ton, died  of  apoplexy  Oct.  20,  18oG,  aged  48. 
On  the  same  day,  from  the  same  cause,  died 
another  Boston  merchant,  E.  D.  Peters ;  both 
natives  of  JIaine.  !Mr.  S.  was  born  in  Winthrop. 
He  was  a  pioneer  in  shij)ping  coal  from  Pennsyl- 
vania, in  which  business  he  acqwired  an  ample 
fortune.     He  was  honorable,  and  was  esteemed. 

STUYVESANT,  Peter,  the  last  Dutch  gov- 
ernor of  Now  York,  began  his  administration  in 
1647.  He  was  continually  employed  in  resisting 
the  encroachments  of  the  English  and  Swedes 
upon  the  territory  intrusted  to  him.  In  1CG4  an 
expedition  from  England  was  sent  out  against 
the  Dutch  possessions.  Three  or  four  frigates 
under  the  command  of  Col.  Nichols  ap])eared 
before  New  Amsterdam  or  New  York,  and  Gov. 
Stuyvesant  was  summoned  to  surrender ;  but,  la 
he  was  a  good  soldier,  having  lost  a  leg  in  the 
service  of  the  States,  he  was  by  no  means  dis- 
posed to  comply.  He  returned  a  long  letter  vin- 
dicating the  claims  of  the  Dutch,  and  declaring 
his  resolution  to  defend  the  place.  He  was, 
however,  obliged  to  capitulate  Aug.  27.  The 
whole  of  the  New  Netherlands  soon  became  sub- 
ject to  the  English.  He  remained  in  this  coun- 
try, and  at  his  death  was  buried  in  a  chapel  on 
his  own  farm  a  few  miles  from  New  York.  — 
Smith's  New  York,  5-23. 

STUYVESANT,  Peter  G.,  of  New  York, 
died  at  Niagara  Falls  Aug.  16,  1847,  aged  75. 
In  good  health,  he  died  in  the  plunging  bath 
near  the  hotel.  He  was  an  early  member  of  the 
historical  society  and  its  j)resident,  and  vice-pres- 
ident of  the  American  bible  society.  His  prop- 
erty was  reported  to  amount  to  15,000,000  dol- 
lars. 

SULLIVAN,  John,  LL.  D.,  major-general  in 
the  American  army,  and  president  of  New  llamp- 


SULLIVAN. 

shire,  died  in  Durham  Jan.  28,  179t),  ngcd  ,jj. 
He  was  apjiointcd  liy  congress  a  brigadier-general 
in  1775,  and  in  the  following  year,  it  is  believed, 
a  major-general.  He  superseded  Arnold  in  the 
command  of  ll  '■  army  in  Canada  June  4,  177()j 
but  was  soon  il  veil  out  of  that  jirovince.  He 
afterwards,  on  the  illness  of  (ireene,  to{)k  the 
command  of  his  division  on  Long  Island.  In  the 
battle  of  Aug.  27,  he  was  taken  jjiivnncr  Aviih 
Lord  Stirling.  In  a  few  months,  however,  he  was 
exchanged.  When  Lee  was  carried  off,  he  took 
the  conmiand  of  his  division  in  New  Jersey,  Dec. 
20.  Aug.  22,  1777,  he  planned  and  executed  an 
expediticm  against  Staten  Island,  for  which,  on  an 
inquiry  into  his  conduct,  he  received  the  ap])roba- 
tion  of  the  eour*-  In  Sept.  he  was  engaged  in 
the  battle  of  Biandywinc,  and  Oct.  4  in  that  cf 
Germantown.  In  the  winter  he  was  detached  to 
command  the  troops  in  Rhode  Island.  In  Aug., 
i778,  he  laid  siege  to  Xew])ort,  then  in  the  hands 
of  the  British,  with  the  fullest  confidence  of  suc- 
cess ;  but,  being  abandoned  by  the  French  fleet 
under  D'Estaing,  who  sailed  to  Boston,  he  was 
obliged,  to  his  unutterable  chagrin,  to  raise  the 
siege.  Aug.  29  an  action  occurred  with  the  ])ur- 
suing  enemy,  who  were  rcjjulsed.  On  the  oOth, 
with  great  military  skill,  he  j)asscd  over  to  the 
continent,  without  the  loss  of  a  single  article,  and 
without  the  slightest  susj)icion  on  the  part  of  the 
British  of  his  movements.  In  the  summer  of 
1779  he  commanded  an  exjicdition  against  the 
six  nations  of  Indians  in  New  York.  Being 
joined  by  Gen.  Chnton,  Aug.  22,  he  marched 
towards  the  enemy  under  the  command  of  Brant, 
the  Butlers,  and  others,  at  Newton,  between  the 
south  end  of  Seneca  Lake  and  Tioga  river ;  at- 
tacked them  in  their  works ;  and  comiiletcly 
dispersed  them.  He  then  laid  waste  the  country, 
destroyed  all  their  villages,  and  left  not  a  singlo 
vestige  of  human  industry.  This  severity  was 
necessary  to  prevent  their  ravages.  General 
Sullivan  had  made  such  high  demands  for  mili- 
tary stores,  and  had  so  freely  complained  of  the 
government  for  inattention  to  those  demands,  as 
to  give  much  ofjence  to  some  members  of  con- 
gress and  to  the  board  of  war.  lie  in  conse- 
quence resigned  his  command  Nov.  9.  He  was 
in  1774  a  member  of  the  first  congress,  and  also 
a  member  in  1780.  In  the  years  1786,  1787,  and 
1789  he  was  president  of  New  Hampshire,  in 
which  station,  by  his  vigorous  exertions,  he 
quelled  the  spirit  of  insurrection  which  exhib- 
ited itself  at  the  time  of  the  troubles  in  Massa- 
chusetts. In  Oct.,  1789,  he  was  appointed 
district  judge. 

SULLIVAN,  James,  LL.  D.,  governor  of  Mas- 
sachusetts, the  brother  of  the  preceding,  died  in 
Boston  Dec.  10,  1808,  aged  64.  He  was  born  at 
Berwick,  Me.,  April  22,  1744.    His  father,  a  man 


SULLIVAN. 


SULLIVAX. 


771 


of  lil)cval  cflncntlon,  came  to  this  country  tibniit  [  not  ns^istrd  In  liis  jiro^^n-s    -o  distinction  liy  tlm 
tlic  vt^nr   17-':{:  lie  took  llio  sole  cliar{i;o  of  tlio  '  advantii^'c  of  o|mlcnro  or  family  onmolions  tlio 


stiitions    wliich     he    lirld    wvw    a    jiroof   of    his 


education  of  hin  son,  .lanics.  ;ii'.(l  lived  to  see  him 

distlnjjiii^hcd  in  the  world;  dyinj,'  In  Jidy,  17!).>,  !  talents,  of  his  indefatij^alile  industry,  and  of  tho 
n;;e(l  lO.J.     (iovernor  Sullivan  was  destined  for    confidence  that  was  reposed  in  his  liite^'rity.     Ai 

hiivo 
the 


military  life;  hut  the  fracture  of  a  limb  in  his  '  a  judfje  he  was  universally  ackiiowird 
early  years  iiuUiccd  him   to  hend   the  vigorous  i  dis])layed'the  most  ]ierfeel  impartial 


of  his  mind  to  tlic  investigation  of  the 


ged  I.)  bi 

tv.     As 


powers 

law.     After   i)iirsuiiig   the   study  of  this  science 
under  his  brother,  fieneral  Sullivan,  and  opening; 
an  olhcc  at  Hiddeford,  on  Suco  river,  he  soon  rose 
to  celebrity,  and  was  ajipoiiited  king's  attorney 
for  the  county  of  York,  in  whicli  lie  resided.     On 
the  aiijiroach  of  the  llcvolution  he  took  an  early 
and  active  part  on  the  side  of  his  country.     IJeing 
a  member  of  the  i)rovincial  congress  of  Massachii- 
Bctts  in  177u,  he  was  intrusted,  together  with  two 
other  gentlemen,  with  a  difficult  commission  to  Ti- 
condcroga,  which  was  executed  in  a  \'ery  satisfac- 
tory manner.     Early  in  the  following  year  he  was 
appointed  a  judge  of  the  superior  court.     Soon 
afterwards  he  purchased  a  farm  in  Groton  and 
removed   hi.s  family  to  that  jilace.     lie  was  a 
member  of  tlic  convention  which  framed  the  con- 
stitution of  the  State  in  1779  and  1780.     In  Feb. 
1782,  he  resigned  his  office  of  judge,  and  returned 
to  the  practice  of  the  bar,  first  at  Cambridge, 
tlien  at  Boston,  where  lie  resided  during  the  re- 
mainder of  Ills  life.     lie  was  ajipointed  a  dele- 
gate to  congress  in   1783;  and  in   the  ensuing 
year  was  one  of  the  commissioners  in  the  settle- 
ment of  the  controversy  between  Massacliusctts 
and  New  York  respecting  their  claims   to  the 
western   lands.     He   was   repeatedly  chosen   to 
represent  the  town  of  Boston  in  the  legislature ; 
in  1787  he  was  a  member  of  the  executive  coun- 
cil and  judge  of  probate  for  Suiiblk;  and  in  1790 
was  appointed  attorney-general,  in  which  olRce 
he  continued  till  June,  1807,  when  he  was  called 
to  the  chief  magistracy  of  the  commonwenllh,  as 
successor  of  Governor  Strong.    He  was  appointed 
by  President  Washington  agent  under  the  iifth 
article  of  the  British  treaty  for  settling  the  boun- 
daries between  the  United  States  and  the  British 
provinces.     Of  the  American  academy  of  arts 
and  sciences  he  was  one  of  tho  members  from  its 
first  institution ;  a  principal  founder  and  many 
years  president  of  tho  Massachusetts  historical 
society ;  and  president  of  the  Massachusetts  Con- 
gregational charitable  society.     He  was  the  pro- 
jector of  the  JNIiddlescx  canal,  to  which  object  he 
devoted  a  great  portion  of  time  and  labor.    Soon 
after  his  second  election  to  the  office  of  governor 
his  health  became  enfeebled,  and  he  sufiered  a 
long  and   distressing  confinement,  which  termi- 
nated in  his  death.     The  various  public  offices, 
which  he  sustained  during  a  period  of  forty  years, 
were  conferred  upon  him  by  the  free  and  unbi- 
assed suHrages  of  his  countrymon.    As  he  was 


])ublic   ]iroseciifor  of  the  Stale  he  Iciupercd  tho 
sternness  of  official   severity  with  liie  rarer  ten- 
derness   of  humai.Ity.     His    styk-   of  ilo(iuenco 
was  original,  and  adapted,  with  judicious  discrim- 
ination, to  the  occasion,  the  subjccl,  and  to  the 
tribunal  before  which  it  was  called  forth.     Deejily 
versed  in  the  science  of  the  law,  and  equally  well 
actpialnted  with  the  sources  of  persuasion  in  the 
human  mind,  he  was  alike  cpialilied  for  tho  inves- 
tigation of  the  most  intricate  and  com])licated 
(piestlons  of  legal  discussion,  and  for  tlie  devel- 
opment of   the  issues  of   fact    before  juries.     As 
the  chief  magistrate  of  the  State,  he  considered 
himself  as  the  delegated  officer,  not  of  a  jiolltical 
soct,  but  of  the  whole  people,  and  endeavored  to 
mitigate  the  violence  of  jiarlies.     In  all  the  rela- 
tions of  domestic  and  social  life  his  conduct  was 
exemplary,    lie  early  made  a  ])rofession  of  Chris- 
tianity,  and   his   belief  of  its   truth   was   never 
shaken.    AVhen  his  frame  was  evidently  shattered, 
and  he  had  reason  to  think  that  God  was  calling 
him  to  his  great  account,  the  faith  of  Jesus  was 
ever   gaining   a   new   ascendency  in   his   views, 
and  his  thoughts  exjiatiated  with  singular  clear- 
ness on  the  scenes  which  awaited  him,  on  tho 
mercy  of  his  God,  his  own  unworthiness,  and  the 
worth  of  the   Itedeemcr.     His   private  prayers 
and  his  domestic  devotions,  expressing  at  times 
both  the  joy  and   the  anguish  of  his    feelings, 
proved  that  his  passions  were  not  all  given  to  the 
world.     He  closed  his  laborious  lil'e  with  the  un- 
shaken assurance  of  renewing  his  existence  in 
another  and  better  state.     Amidst  the  great  and 
constant  jircssure  of  business  which  occujiicd  him, 
he  still  found  time  for  the  pursuits  of  literature 
and  science.     He  was  ever  ready  to  contribute 
the  efforts  of  his  jiowerful  and  original  mind  to 
the  i)ur])oses  of  public  utility.     He  ])ublishcd  ob- 
servations  on  the  government  of  the    United 
States,  1791  ;  dissertation  on  the  stability  of  the 
States;  the  path   to   riches,  or   dissertation   on 
banks,   1 792 ;  history  of  the  district  of  Maine, 
8vo.,  170.5  ;  history  of  land  titles  in  Massachusetts, 
8vo.,    1801;    dissertation   on   the   constitutional 
liberty  of  the  press,  1801 ;  history  of  the  Penob- 
scot Indians  in  the  historical  collection.  —  Buck- 
minsier's  l^crmou  on  his  JJcath. 

SULLIVAN,  Gi-oiioi:,  died  at  Exeter,  N.  IL, 
June  14,  1838,  aged  Gl.  He  was  born  at  Dur- 
ham, th?  son  of  Gen.  John  S.,  an  officer  of  the 
llevolutionary  army,  was  graduated  at  Harvard 
in  1790,  and  for  more  than  forty  years  practised 


772 


SULLIVAN. 


SUMTER. 


law  at  Exeter.  lie  was  a  member  of  congress  in 
1811  and  1S13,  and  attoriicy-gi'ncral  of  Xew 
Ilampsliire  from  IHlfl  to  183.J.  He  was  lii;,'lily 
rcHj)cctc(l  for  his  talents,  his  useful  life,  and  his 
religions  cliaracter. 

SULLIVAN,  William,  LL.  J).,  brigadier- 
general,  died  in  Boston  .Se])t.  3,  INIJO,  aged  Ol. 
He  was  the  son  of  Governor  James  S. ;  was  grad- 
uated in  1792  )  and  for  many  years  praetised  law 
in  Boston.  He  jniblished  orations  in  1803  and 
1813;  familiar  letters  j  moral  class-liook,  1831 ; 
pohtical  class-book,  1831 ;  on  tem])eranee,  1832. 

SU.MMEBFIELI),  Joiix,  a  minister,  died  at 
New  York  June  13,  1825,  aged  27.  lie  was  born 
in  Lancasliirc,  England,  Jan.  31,  1798.  After 
early  dissipation  he  bceame  ])ious,  and  preached 
in  the  Methodist  connexion  in  Ireland.  He  came 
to  New  York  in  1821,  and  preached  almost  with 
the  popularity  of  Whitefield.  Ilis  ill  hcaltli  in- 
duced him  in  1823  to  visit  France,  where,  as  a 
delegate  from  the  American  bible  society,  lie  ad- 
dressed the  Paris  bible  society.  Few  ministers 
have  exhibited  sucli  meekness,  humility,  disinter- 
estedness, and  benevolence  in  life  ;  few  have  been 
BO  eloquent  in  discourse.  His  memoirs  by  J. 
Holland,  with  his  jiortrait,  were  published,  8vo., 
2d  edit.,  1830. 

SUMNER,  Increase,  governor  of  Massachu- 
setts, died  in  Roxbury  June  7,  1799,  aged  52. 
He  was  the  son  of  Increase,  who  died  in  1774 ; 
his  previous  ancestors  m  ere  Edward,  George,  and 
William  of  Dorchester,  who  was  born  in  England 
in  1605.  lie  was  born  in  Roxbury  Nov.  27, 1746, 
and  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1767. 
After  entering  upon  the  profession  of  the  law  he 
was  chosen  a  representative  of  his  native  town  in 
the  legislature,  and  then  a  senator.  In  1782 
Governor  Hancock  placed  him  on  the  bench  of 
the  supreme  court.  As  a  judge  he  was  dispas- 
(donate,  impartial,  and  discerning.  In  1797  he 
was  chosen  governor  as  successor  of  S.  Adams, 
and  he  was  reelected  in  the  succeeding  years  till 
his  death.  His  wife  was  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
William  Hyslop.  His  son,  William  llyslop  Sum- 
ner, a  graduate  of  1799,  still  lives.  lie  possessed 
a  strong  and  well-balanced  mind.  His  judgment 
was  correct,  and,  though  he  maintained  an  unu- 
sual degree  of  self-command,  yet  his  coolness  of 
temper  was  to  be  ascribed  rather  to  the  influence 
of  religious  discipline,  than  to  constitutional  tem- 
perament, lie  was  mild,  candid,  and  moderate, 
being  remarkably  free  from  every  appearance  of 
party  sjjirit.  In  the  intercourse  of  domestic  and 
private  life  he  was  affectionate  and  faithful.  Soon 
after  he  commenced  the  practice  of  the  law,  ho 
made  a  public  profession  of  his  belief  in  Cliris- 
tianity,  and  his  life  was  exemplary.  An  inter- 
esting memoir  by  his  son,  W.  H.  Sumner,  with  a 
fine  portrait,  is  in  New  England  Register,  April, 
1854. 


SUMNER,  Tosrrii,  I).  D.,  died  at  Shrews- 
bury Dec.  <),  1824.  nf,'ed  8(.  Born  in  I'onifrct, 
he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1759,  and  was  ordiiincd 
as  the  successor  of  J.  Ciishiiig  in  1762.  He  wns 
present  at  the  rcgidar  administration  of  the  Lord's 
sujjjier  for  sixty-two  years.  In  the  Revolution 
he  was  an  earnest  patriot,  a  useful  friend  of  learn- 
ing, long  a  trustee  of  Leicester  academy.  His 
white  wig  and  venerable  air  gained  respect.  He 
published  a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of  his  son 
Samuel  at  Southborough,  1791  ;  at  thanksgiviufr, 
1799;  at  ordination  of  Wilkes  Allen,  1803;  Imlf- 
ccntin-y  sermon,  1812. 

SUSlXER,  CliAULics  P.,  died  in  Boston  A])ril 
2,  1839,  aged  about  62.  He  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1796,  and  was  the  sheriff  of  Suffolk.  He 
was  the  father  of  the  eminent  senator  of  the 
United  States,  Charles  Sumner ;  also  of  George 
Sumner,  whose  memoir  of  the  pilgrims  at  Ley- 
den  is  in  hist,  coll.,  vol.  IX.,  third  series,  lie 
jniblished  the  comjiass,  a  college  poem,  1705  ; 
eulogy  on  AVashington,  1800 ;  letter  on  freema- 
sonry, 1829;  discourse  on  the  sheriff's  office, 
1829. 

SUMTER,  Thomas,  general,  a  soldier  of  the 
Revolution,  died  Juno  1,  1832,  aged  97.  After 
the  capture  of  Charleston,  S.  C,  by  the  Briti.'ih, 
ho  fled  to  North  Carolina.  But  ho  soon  returned 
at  the  head  of  a  little  band  of  exiles.  July  12, 
1780,  a  part  of  his  corps  routed  a  detachment  of 
the  British ;  this  success  soon  increased  his  troojjs 
to  six  hundred  men.  Gov.  Rutledge  promoted 
him  and  Marion  from  the  rank  of  colonels  to  that 
of  brigadiers  in  the  militia.  He  was  younger  than 
Marion ;  of  a  larger  frame,  fitted  for  the  toils  of 
war  i  with  a  stern  countenance,  and  determined 
patriotism,  and  indomitable  courage.  He  at- 
tacked, August  Ist,  three  times  unsuccessfully  the 
post  of  Rocky  Mount ;  August  0th,  ho  attacked 
the  British  at  Hanging  Rock,  and  destroyed  Col. 
Brown's  regiment.  About  the  time  that  Gales 
was  defeated  at  Camden,  he  captured  a  British 
convoy.  But  through  his  own  negligence  he  was 
surprised  near  Catawba  ford,  by  Tarleton,  August 
18tli,  at  the  head  of  nine  hundred  and  sixty  men, 
and  his  force  of  eight  hundred  men  instantly  dis- 
j)ersed,  and  his  artillery  lost.  He  retrieved  his 
character  in  the  remainder  of  the  campaign,  lie 
resolutely  kept  the  field  for  three  months.  Nov. 
12th  he  defeated  the  British  under  ^lajor 
Wemyss,  and  Nov.  20th,  at  Blackstock  hill,  near 
Tyger  river,  ho  repulsed  Tarleton,  who  in  vain 
attempted  to  dislodge  him.  The  wounded  of  the 
enemy  were  left  to  the  humanity  of  Sumter.  lu 
this  action  he  was  himself  severely  wounded,  and 
in  eon.sequonce  long  detained  from  the  field  ;  but 
ho  was  consoled  by  the  thanks  of  congress  and 
the  applause  of  his  country.  In  1811  he  was 
chosen  a  senator  of  the  United  States.  He  died 
suddenly  at  his  residence  at  South  Mount,  near 


%^' 


SUMTKR. 

Cnnidpn.     Tlin  only  t-on,  Col.  Tliomns,  dird  in  \ 
IS  10.  :i^,'(m1  7'.'.  1 

Sl'MTl^ll.  'I'liDMAs,  cdloncl,  only  son  ol'  (ien.  I 
S.  of  U(V()liitic)ii;ii-y  nu'iuoiy,  dii'd  iit  his  rcsidi'iici'  ' 
near  Slatilmr^',  S.  ('.,  in    1810,  ofjcd  71.     His 
son,  .1.  I-  f^-.  ^^'i'"  "  nipnibor  of  con^jross. 

srNSl".l'/r<>,  a  MoJR'yan  Indian,  wiiosc  cpi- 
tapli  is  al  Xorwicli : 

'•  IIiT<'  111'"  till'  linily  "f  fnnscrto. 
Own  f(in  til  I'rKvis,  );riiiils«n  tii  Oncikn, 
\Vh(>  wi'iH'  till'  nnnnus  shiIiimii')  of  Mii|ii".-:in  ; 
But  now tUcy  iirt- all  ili'ml,  I  think  It  Is  WirlicoBun." 

Tlio  mcanin};  of  Werlicp-jpn  is,  all's  well,  or 
pood  news.  Tlio  ('iiitapli  was  written  liy  Mr. 
AVorthiiiKto"  of  Xorwalk,  son  of  llev.  Mr.  AV.  of 
Saylirook.  His  irro;,'ularity  of  measure  is  almost 
equal  to  that  of  some  of  our  popular  poets  at  the 
])reseiit  day. 

SITIIKUI-AXI),  Daviti,  minister  of  Bath, 
N.  II.,  died  of  disease  of  the  heart,  .July  '26,  IH66, 
af;ed  7!^.  Ho  was  lonf;  a  very  useful  minister  in 
tiiat  ])art  of  the  State  in  whicli  he  resided,  lie 
pulilished  election  sermon,  ISlo. 

.SUTIIEKLAXI),  C'oi.ix,  died  at  East  Corra, 
Canada,  Oct.  15, 18uC,  aged  103,  a  native  of  Scot- 
land. 

S\VAIX\  JosKPll,  minister  of  Wenham,  Mass., 
died  in  1702,  aged  about  70.  lie  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  174-1,  and  was  ordained  in  17jO. 

SWAX,  Josi.ui,  minister  of  Dunstahle,  X.H., 
died  in  1777,  aged  about  0(5.  Born  in  Lancaster, 
JIass.,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  17311.  The 
first  minister,  from  IGOo  to  1702,  was  Thomas 
Weld. 

SWAX^,  lloswKT.i,  S.,  minister  of  Xorwalk, 
Conn.,  died  in  1810,  aged  40.  Horn  in  Ston- 
ingtoii,  ho  graduated  at  Yale  in  1708,  and  was 
ordained  in  1807.  The  admissions  to  hib  church 
were  two  hundred  and  sixty-one  jjersons  in  twelve 
years.  —  Spnii/iie's  Annalg. 

S\VAX,  Jami;.s,  colonel,  died  in  Boston  or 
Dorchester  about  1831.  Ho  went  with  Judge 
^X.  Lathrop  from  Cambridge,  and  fought  in  the 
battle  of  Bunker  Hill.  He  was  a  representative 
of  Dorchester.  Ho  jjublishod  an  essay  on  the 
fisheries,  1784;  observation.s  on  the  fisheries  of 
JIassachusctts,  178G;  dissuasion  from  the  slave 
trade  ;  on  the  obstructions  to  the  commerce  be- 
tween this  country  and  France,  in  French,  1700. 

SWAX,  Timothy,  died  at  Xorlhfield  in  1842, 
aged  82  ;  skilled  in  sacred  music,  the  author  of 
China  and  other  jjieces. 

SWEAT,  Mosi;s,  first  minister  of  Sanford, 
Maine,  died  in  1822,  aged  about  GO.  He  was 
ordained  when  the  church  was  formed  in  178G. 
Harvard  gave  him  a  degree  in  1700. 

SWEl'iT,  Bi;nom,  died  in  Lebanon,  Conn., 
August,  1840,  aged  80  ;   a  celebrated  surgeon. 

SWEETZEH,  Thomas  W.,  died  in  Salem  in 


SWIFT. 


7<3 


18,V».brqueathiiig   lo.doo  dollars  to  furnish  the 

poor  \\ill'    COoki||--'.loMs. 

SWETT,  lir.N.lAMiN.  ra].tain,  wi.s  kil!<.(l  by 
the  Indians  at  Black  Point,  X.  11.,  I(i77.  He  re- 
moved from  Xewl)ur),  Mass.,  to  Hampton  before 
IGGl. 

SWETT.  John  I!\k\\i!1i,  M.  l)..(lie,l„f  the 
yellow  lexer  at  XcwbuiNjicjit  in  17!l(i,  dj-cd  n. 
Tiu'  son  of  Samuel  S.  of  .MaibKlu;i(l,  lie  ^-radu- 
ated  at  Harvard  in  17(17,  and  studied  iihysie  in 
Edinburgii.  On  his  return  lie  joined  the  .Xnicri- 
ean  army  as  a  Niu'geon.  .Xfter  .settling  in  17so, 
h''  had  a  wide  surgical  jiractiee.  He  was  intelli- 
gent, social,  frank,  good-hmnc.red.  of  polished 
manners,  a  general  tinorite.  His  widow,  a  daugh- 
ter of  W.  Bourne  of  Marbkhead,  married  Gov. 
John  T.  (iihnan.—  'I'/niclnr'ti  Mnl.  lUuij. 

SWETT,  John  \.,  Dr.,  was  born  in  Boston, 
graduated  hi  l.S'JS,  praelised  with  high  reimta- 
tioii  in  Xew  York,  and  died  in  18.VI,  aged  4"). 
His  work  (ui  diseases  of  the  chest,  18,V.',  is  a  val- 
uable text-book.  He  was  connected  with  the 
Xc'w  York  city  hospital,  and  was  a  ])rofessor  of 
the  theory  and  j)raclic(!  of  jjhysic  in  the  univer- 
sity of  Xew  York. 

SWlh'T,  Jou.N,  the  first  minister  of  Framing- 
ham,  Mass.,  died  in  ni.j,  aged  ()7.  Born  in 
Milton,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1007,  and 
was  settled  in  1701  His  successors  were  M. 
Bridge,  1).  Kellogg,  (J.  Trask,  and  D.  Brighaui. 
Two  other  churches  have  been  formed.  His  son 
John  was  a  graduate  of  1733,  and  minister  of 
Acton  thirty-seven  years  from  1738,  dying  in 
1775,  aged  72.  He  jniblished  a  sermon  on  the 
death  of  H.  Breck,  1731;  election  sermon,  1732. 
—  Sprdfiiie'.t  .liitiiils. 

SWIFT,  Jon,  D.  ]).,  minister  of  Bennington, 
Vt.,  died  Oct.  20,  ISOl.  aged  about  01.  He 
was  born  in  Saiulwicb,  Mass.,  in  1743,  and  was 
graduated  at  Yale  college  in  17G5.  About  the 
year  17GG  he  was  ordained  at  Bichmond,  where 
he  continued  seven  years,  making  every  exertion 
to  instruct  his  jicoplc  in  the  peculiar  doctrines 
of  the  gospel.  He  was  afterwards  the  minister 
of  Xiiie  Partners  in  Xew  York  ;  of  Manchester, 
Bennington,  and  Addison  in  Vermont.  In  Ben- 
nington he  lived  about  .sixteen  years.  While  he 
was  on  a  mission,  in  the  northern  ])art  of  Ver- 
mont, undertaken  at  his  own  exjiense,  he  died  at 
I'',noslmrgh.  He  rejoiced  that  his  life  was  to  ter- 
minate at  a  distance  from  his  friends,  without 
witnessing  the  distresses  of  his  fiuiiily.  The  pa- 
tience with  which  he  endured  the  pains  of  his 
last  sickness,  and  the  comiiosure  with  which  he 
met  the  king  of  terrors,  excited  the  greatest  as- 
tonishment in  an  unbeliever  who  was  present. 
While  suliering  a  great  variety  of  evils  in  life,  he 
never  uttered  a  complaining  word  ;  and,  when 
he  discovered  uneasiness  or  discontent  in  any  of 


774 


SWIFT. 


8YMMES. 


the  members  of  liis  fnmily,  he  inculcated  tipon 
them  tlie  duty  of  Nulimission,  nnd  reminded  them 
of  tiic  undeserved  i)lessinf;s  wliicli  they  were  yet 
permitted  to  enjoy.  His  wii'e  was  Mary  Ann,  the 
sister  of  Judge  Sedgwielt.  Slie  died  in  1820. 
Benjamin,  a  senator  from  Vermont,  and  Samuel, 
Bccretury  of  State,  were  their  sons.  A  volume 
of  his  sermons  was  published,  12mo.,  1805. — 
Hpranue's  Aiiitaln. 

SWIl'T,  Skth,  minister  of  Williamstown, 
'  Mass.,  died  in  IKO",  aged  58.  Horn  in  Kent, the 
brother  of  Rev.  Job  S.,  he  f;raduated  at  Yale  in 
1774  ;  studied  theolo(?y  with  J)r.  IJellamy  ;  and 
■was  ordained  in  177(>,  the  successor  of  tlie  first 
mniister.  Whitman  Welch,  and  was  succeeded  by 
Walter  King.  He  was  the  father  of  Rev.  E.  O". 
Swift  of  Stoekbridge,  nnd  of  Rev.  Elisha  V.  Swirt, 
professor  in  the  Alleghany  theological  seminary. 
lie  was  warm  in  his  temper,  and  zealous  nnd  en- 
ergetic, yet  prudent,  revered,  and  loved. 

SWIFT,  Zkpiiamaii,  LL.  ]).,  chief  justice 
of  Connecticut,  died  Sept.  27,  1823,  nged  04.  lie 
was  born  in  Wareham,  Mass.,  in  Feb.,  1759;  his 
father  removed  to  Lebanon.  He  graduated  at 
Yale  college  in  1778.  After  being  a  member  of 
congress  from  1793  to  1790,  he  accompanied  Mr. 
Ellsworth  as  secretary  to  France.  In  1801  he 
■was  elected  a  judge.  From  1806  to  1819  he  was 
chief  justice.  In  1814  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Hartford  convention.  He  died  at  Warren  while 
on  a  visit  to  Ohio.  An  oration  on  account  of  his 
death  was  jironounced  by  S.  Perkins  at  Wind- 
ham, the  place  of  his  residence.  He  left  a  widow, 
Lucretia  Webbs,  and  seven  children.  Unaided 
by  family  friends,  he  mse  to  distinction.  He  was 
a  learned  and  upright  jiiJge.  He  published  ora- 
tion on  domestic  slavery,  1791 ;  a  system  of  the 
laws  of  Connecticut,  2  vols.,  1795  ;  a  digest  of 
the  law  of  evidence,  and  a  treatise  on  bills  of  ex- 
change, 1810;  digest  of  the  laws  of  Connecticut, 
2  vols.,  1823. 

SWIFT,  Heman,  Dr.,  died  in  Bennington  Jan. 
30,  1856,  aged  62 ;  an  eminent  physician  and 
Christian.  The  son  of  Ilev.  Dr.  Swift,  he  gradu- 
ated at  Middlebury  in  1811. 

SYKES,  JamI'S,  M.  D.,  of  Maryland,  died  of 
the  gout  in  1722,  aged  61.  He  was  born  near 
Dover.  As  a  physician  he  practised  four  years 
at  Cambridge,  on  the  eastern  shore ;  then  re- 
moved to  Dover.  While  there  he  discovered 
that  a  dreadful  cholic,  causing  many  deaths,  was 
produced  by  adulterated  Peruvian  bark.  A  work- 
man in  Philadeli)hia,  employed  in  pulverizing 
bnrk,  had  mi.\ed  with  it  oxide  of  lead,  to  increase 
the  weight.  In  1814  he  removed  to  New  York ; 
but  after  a  few  years  returned  to  Dover.  — 
Tfiacher's  Med.  Biog. 

SYME,  AiicniBiVLD,  D.  D.,  died  in  Peters- 
burgh,  Va.,  Oct.  26,  1845,  aged  92 ;  a  respected 


Episcopal  minister  nnd  useful  teacher.  He  was 
l)orn  in  Scotland. 

SY.MMi:S,  ZKCiiAniAii,  the  second  minister 
of  Charlestown,  Mass.,  the  son  of  Rev.  William 
S.,  died  Feb.  4,  1071,  aged  71.  He  was  born  in 
Canterbury,  April  5,  1599;  cnme  to  New  Eng- 
land in  1034  in  the  same  shiji  with  Ann  Hutchin- 
son and  J.  Lathro]) ;  and  settled  as  colleague 
with  Mr.  James,  being  chosen  teacher  Dec.  22, 
1034.  His  son,  Zeelmrinh,  the  first  minister  of 
Bradford,  was  born  in  1038;  was  ordained  Dec. 
27,  1682,  and  died  March  27,  1707,  aged  09.  He 
preached  the  election  sermon,  1648.  —  Sprayuc'n 
Annals. 

SYMJIES,  TnoMAS,  second  minister  of  Brad- 
ford, Mass.,  died  Oct.  6, 1725,  nged  47.  He  was 
the  son  of  Zeehnriah  S.,  the  first  minister  of  that 
town.  He  was  born  Feb.  1,  1678;  was  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  college  in  1098;  was  ordained 
the  first  minister  of  Boxford  Dec.  30,  1702,  but 
was  dismissed  from  thnt  town  in  1708,  nnd  suc- 
ceeded his  father  at  Bradford  in  the  same  year. 
He  was  a  man  of  strong  powers  of  mind  nnd  of 
very  considerable  learning ;  an  animated,  popu- 
lar, faithful,  and  successful  preacher.  His  exer- 
tions to  do  good  in  private  and  public  were  re- 
warded by  large  accessions  to  his  church.  I|o 
was  remarkable  for  the  sanctity  of  his  life,  for 
secret  devotion,  nnd  for  his  regard  to  days  of  fast- 
ing and  prayer.  He  published  monitor  to  de- 
laying sinners  ;  artillery  election  sermon,  1720; 
against  prejudice;  at  the  ordination  of  J.  Emer- 
son, 1721 ;  joco-serious  dialogue  on  singing,  1723; 
on  the  support  of  ministers,  1724;  historical 
memoirs  of  the  fight  of  Piggwacket,  May  9, 
1725,  with  a  sermon  on  Lovewell's  death.  An 
account  of  his  life  was  published  by  J.  Brown,  to 
which  is  annexed  his  advice  to  his  children  and 
to  the  church. 

SYMMES,  William,  D.  D.,  minister  of  An- 
dover,  Mass.,  died  in  1807,  aged  77.  He  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1750,  nnd  from 
1755  to  1758  was  a  tutor  in  that  seminary;  he 
was  ordamed  Nov,  1,  1758.  His  sermons  were 
written  with  great  care  and  in  a  style  remarkably 
neat  and  correct.  He  was  distinguished  for  his 
prudence  ;  was  hospitable,  dignified  in  liis  manners 
nnd  pure  in  his  princii)les  and  conduct.  He  pub- 
lished election  sermon,  1785,  and  two  other  occa- 
sional discourses. 

SYMMES,  John  Cleves,  captain,  author  of 
the  theory  of  the  hollow  earth,  died  at  Hamilton, 
Butler  county,  Ohio,  June  19,  1829.  He  was  a 
native  of  New  Jersey,  but  emigrated  at  an  early 
age  to  the  west.  He  was  the  son,  as  I  suppose, 
of  J.  C.  S.,  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  New 
Jersey,  a  member  of  congress,  and  in  1788  a 
judge  of  the  northwest  territory,  who  died  nt 
Cincinnati  in  March,  1814,  whose  wife  was  Su- 


\;- 


wng 


TACKANASII. 

unnnii,  claughlor  of  Gov.  I.ivinpston,  nnd  wIiorp 
(tiiiif^litpr  inarricil  Ocii.  William  II.  Harrison. 
For  some  ycarH  lit-  was  a  captain  in  the  army. 
DiuiiiK  tliL'  war  of  l.Sl'_',  lie  (lisiinfrnislii'd  liiniscir 
byliis  intrri)i(lityon  tlicN'iaj,'ara.  He  was  an  ami- 
nhk'  and  exemplary  man.  On  his  stranj^c  theory 
of  the  earth  lie  lectured  in  many  cities  and  towns, 
njijiarcntly  in  full  jiersnasion  of  its  truth,  lie 
HU])l)Oscd  that  the  hollow  earth,  ojien  at  tlie  jioles 
for  tlio  admission  of  li{,'lit,  had  within  it  six  or 
seven  concentric  lioUow  sjihercs,  also  open  at 
their  poles. 

TAC'KAXASII,  John,  Indian  minister  on 
Martini's  Vineyard,  died  .Tan.  22,  1084.  He  was 
ordained  coUeafjiio  witji  Iliacoonics  Aujif.  22, 
KiTO,  the  day  of  the  formation  of  the  first  Indian 
chui'ch  on  the  island.  He  jiosscssed  considera- 
ble talents,  and  was  exemplary  in  his  life.  AUow- 
in<?  himself  in  few  diversions,  he  studied  much, 
and  seemed  to  advance  in  piety,  as  he  became 
more  acquainted  with  the  truths  of  the  gospel. 
Of  Indian  preachers  ho  was  the  most  distin- 
guished. In  ))rayer  he  was  devout  and  fervent ; 
faithful  in  his  instructions  and  reproofs  ;  strict  in 
the  discipline  of  his  church,  excluding  the  im- 
moral from  the  ordinances  till  they  repented. 
So  much  was  he  respected,  that  the  Thiglish, 
when  deprived  of  their  own  minister,  attended 
his  meetings  and  received  the  Lord's  supjjcr  from 
his  hands.  He  died  in  the  peace  and  hoj)c  of  tlie 
Christian.  His  place  of  residence  was  at  Xnn- 
paug  at  the  east  end  of  Martha's  Vineyard.  The 
preacher  in  1698,  at  the  visitation  of  Mr.  llaw- 
Bon,  was  Joseph  Taekquannash,  as  his  name  was 
written,  having  charge  of  eighty-four  Indians  at 
Nunnepoag.  — Mmjhew's  Indian  Cnnv.  lo-lG. 

TADEUSKUND,  principal  chief  of  the  Dela- 
■wares,  died  in  1763.  lie  was  burnt  to  death  at 
Wyoming  on  the  Susquehannah.  It  is  sujiposed 
that  lie  was  made  drunk,  and  then  that  his  house 
■was  set  on  fire,  with  the  rest  of  tlic  village.  He 
hiid  been  a  useful  man  to  his  tribe. 

TAFT,  Mosics,  one  of  the  ministers  of  Brain- 
tree,  died  in  1791,  aged  about  (iO.  Horn  in  Men- 
don,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1751,  and  was 
ordained  in  1752.  E.  Eaton  pi-cceded  him,  and 
Dr.  J.  Strong  succeeded  him. 

TAFT,  Cjcz.\Li;r.i,,  the  son  of  Senator  B.  Taft, 
■was  born  in  U.xbridge,  and  died  in  1816,  aged 
C6.  A  graduate  of  Harvard  in  180-1,  he  had  no 
occasion  to  depend  for  his  supjiort  on  the  profes- 
sion of  the  law,  but  lived  on  a  beautiful  farm  on 
the  banks  of  the  Blackstone.  He  was  represent- 
ative, senator,  and  councillor. 

TAGGAIIT,  SamuI'X,  minister  of  Colerain, 
Mass.,  died  in  1825,  aged  71.  For  some  years 
he  was  a  member  of  congress.  Born  in  London- 
derry, he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1774  ;  was 
settled  m  1777  and  resigned  in  1818.  He  was  a 
member  of  congress.    He  published  address  to 


T.VLCOTT. 


775 


'electors,  1811  •  on  imprcssmcntfi,  1«13;  on  final 

ixrsivcrance,  ISOI. 

T.\(i(iAl!T.  CVNTIIU.  u  writer  of  portrv.died 

I  in  1849,  ag.fl  17.  She  was  born  in  Uhode  I'shnid. 
Her  gran.  -r,  aii  olil  soldier,  had  a  farm  at 
Middletdwn     i  miles  from  Newport,  which  in  the 

{  war  the  Ilritisii  laid  waste,  .ind  made  her  father 
a  lU'isoner.  From  the  jail  at  Newport  he  escajied 
through  a  window  whirli    had  wdikIcu   bars,  and 

I  he  crossed  to  the  main  laud  at  Itrislol  ferrv  on  a 
raft  of  rails.  She  was  many  years  an  invalid. 
Many  pieces  of  ])oetry,  of  a  melancholy  east,  sho 
wrote  on  her  sick  bed.  Some  of  them  were  col- 
lected and  ])ublished  in  a  small  volume.  —  ('yd. 
<>/'  .Una:  /.it. 

T.MLEU,  AViLLUM,  licutennnt-governor  of 
Massachusetts,  died  in  1732,  aged  55.  He  camo 
from  ]'',ngland  with  his  commission  from  tho 
queen  in  1711,  and  was  stern  for  the  jirerogativc, 
and  an  F'.piscoiialian  ;  but  pleasant  and  facetious. 
Marrying  a  relative  of  Gov.  Stoughton,  he  came 
in  possession  of  his  estate  at  Dorchester. — Eliot's 
IJioi/. 

TALCOTT,  John,  major,  jirobably  of  Hart- 
ford, a  distinguished  officer  in  the  Indian  wftr  of 
1076,  resigned  the  ofiice  of  treasurer  of  Connec- 
ticut on  receiving  his  military  a])i)ointment.  A 
small  army  of  four  hundred  and  fifty  men,  of 
whom  two  hundred  were  .Mohegan  and  I'equot 
Indians,  was  assembled  at  Norwich,  and  he 
marched  in  June  into  the  Nijjmuek  country, 
where  nineteen  Indians  were  killed  and  thirty- 
three  made  ])risoners.  Thence  he  marched  to 
Quabaug  or  Brookfield,  and  NortIiamj)ton.  After 
he  arrived  at  N.,  a!)out  seven  hundred  Indians 
attacked  the  garrison  at  Hadley  ;  but  he  crossed 
the  river  for  its  relief,  and  thus  saved  the  town, 
and  probably  other  towns,  from  destruction.  He 
scoured  the  country  as  far  as  the  falls  above 
Deerfield.  Then  ho  marched  to  I'rovidenco  and 
did  good  service  in  the  Xarraganset  country.  In 
all,  about  four  hundred  and  twenty  Indians  fell 
in  battle  and  were  captured.  He  returned  to 
Connecticut  in  July,  and  having  recruited,  marched 
to  Westficld,  and  thence  to  the  Iloussatonnoc 
river,  where  he  again  fought  the  enemy  success- 
fully. The  sachem  of  Quabaug  was  killed,  and 
forty-one  Indians  killed  or  taken.  About  the 
same  time  Capt.  ChiU'ch  killed  King  I'hilip,  Aug; 
12,  1670,  and  the  savages  generally  submitted  to 
the  English  or  fled.  Major  T.  was  prol)at)ly  the 
son  of  John  T.,  who  was  of  Cambridge  hi  1032, 
and  was  an  assistant  at  Hartford  in  1054.  — 
TnimbuH's  Hist.  Conn. 

TiVLCOTT,  Jo.sKi'ii,  governor  of  Connecticut 
from  1724  to  1741,  died  Oct.  11,  1741,  full  of 
days,  and  was  succeeded  by  Gov.  Law.  He  had 
long  served  his  country.  Eminent  for  piety,  he 
called  the  periods  of  revival  in  his  last  years 
times  of  refreshing  J  but  Gov.   Law  was  rather 


77G 


TALCorr. 


TAPPAN. 


diHpoHcd  to  RiipprcM  by  rnsli  lognl  cnnctmcntu 
what  he  (Ici'niL'd  ciithuNiuHm.  llin  siKtcr  nmrrivd 
II.  Kdwnrds. 

TALCJOTT,  ILvnT,  minister  of  AVnrrcn,  Conn., 
died  suddenly  in  IS.IO,  ngcd  ■lo.  He  grnchmtcd 
at  Dartmouth  in  1812.  Ho  wns  jittHtor  of  Kil- 
linRWorth,  tlic  Hucccssor  of  .\.  Mansfield,  from 
1818  to  1821.  He  Ruccecded  P.  Sturr  at  W.  in 
1825. 

TALCOTT,  SAMi'fX  A.,  nttonicy-f^cneral  of 
New  York,  died  at  \ew  York  in  18,10,  oRcd  '15. 
Born  at  Hartford,  he  graduated  at  WillianiK  col- 
lege in  1809.  He  had  brilliant  talents,  but,  un- 
haiJjjily  wanting  self-diHcijilinc,  he  was  the  grief 
of  his  friends.  With  what  mighty  weight  for 
good  ought  the  notes  qf  such  warnings  to  come 
upon  the  ears  of  the  young  and  tempted  ? 

TALIAFEllllO,  John,  died  in  Virginia  in 
1803,  aged  85.  For  more  than  twenty  years  he 
was  a  meml)er  of  congress,  and  for  several  years 
was  librarian  of  the  treasury  department  at 
Wasliington. 

TALLMADGE,  James,  colonel,  died  at  Pough- 
kecpsie  in  1828,  aged  78.  He  was  a  soldier  of 
the  llevolution,  and  commonded  a  company  of 
volunteers  at  the  capture  of  Burgoyne. 

TALLMADGE,  Benjamin,  colonel,  died  at 
Litchfield,  Coini.,  March  0,  1835,  aged  81.  He 
was  horn  at  Brookhaven,  L.  L  ;  was  graduated 
in  1773  ;  from  1770  ho  served  in  the  army  until 
the  close  of  the  war,  and  was  a  distinguished 
officer.  Ho  had  the  custody  of  Major  Andrii, 
ond  regarded  him  with  great  affection.  In  many 
actions  he  was  unhurt,  and  he  gratefully  acknow- 
ledged the  divine  protection.  Frrm  1784  till 
liis  death  he  lived  as  a  merchant  ii-.  Litchfield. 
In  1817  he  was  a  member  of  congress.  His  re- 
ligious imjirespions  began  in  1 703,  from  reading 
the  life  of  Col.  Gardiner.  He  was  an  eminent 
Christian,  and  he  died  in  triumph. 

TALL^LVDGE,  James,  general,  diid  sud- 
denly at  New  York  in  1853,  aged  75.  lie  was 
born  in  Stamford,  Dutchess  county,  N.  Y. ;  his 
father,  James,  was  born  in  Sharon,  Conn.,  and 
was  a  soldier  of  tlic  llevolution.  In  1798  he 
graduated  at  Brown  university ;  from  Dutchess 
county  be  was  sent  to  congress  in  1817.  He  op- 
jjosed  Mr.  Clay  in  regard  to  the  extension  of 
blavery  beyond  the  Mississippi,  maintaining  the 
principles  of  the  AVilmot  proviso  in  m  able 
spcecli ;  and  it  is  said  Mr.  Cl:iy's  hostility  pre- 
vented him  from  being  in  the  cabinet  of  J.  Q. 
Adams,  or  from  being  sent  as  a  minister  to  Eng- 
land. He  visited  Ilussia  in  1835.  For  twenty- 
five  years  he  lived  in  New  Y'ork  in  the  winter, 
and  at  bis  seat  on  Wappinger's  Creek  in  the  sum- 
mer ;  and  there  he  was  a  practical  and  skilful 
farmer.  lie  had  great  talents  as  a  public  speaker. 
Of  the  American  institute  he  was  the  president. 
TALLMAN  Peleo,  a  merchant,  died  in  Bath, 


Me.,  in  1811,  aged  72.  Born  at  Tiverton,  U.  [., 
he  entered  the  privateering  service  in  177N,  at 
the  age  of  fourteen.  In  178(1  one  of  bis  arms 
was  shot  off.  From  17NI  to  17H3  he  was  a  jiris- 
oner.  He  next  commaudeil  a  merchant  vessel, 
ond  he  became  a  rich  merchant. 

T.M,.M.\])GE,  MAmiiAs  IIiiinet,  general, 
died  at  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  8,  1819,  n-(<l 
45.  Born  at  Stamford,  N.  Y.,  he  graduated  at 
Yale  in  1795.  He  was  a  judije  of  the  district 
court.  His  wife  was  a  daughter  of  (Jeorge  Cjiii- 
ton.     His  only  daughter  married  John  Suydani. 

TALMAGi;,  Jeiiiei,,  died  at  Itloonifield.X.  J., 
Sept.  20,  1854,  aged  09.  He  was  twenty-tlnce 
years  ])astor  of  Knowlton,  and  then  a  minister  in 
Ohio,  laborious  ond  earnest.  He  was  buried  be- 
side his  Christian  parents  in  Somerville.  ][is 
son,  P.  S.  T.,  is  minister  of  Bloomfield,  at  whose 
house  liL*  died. 

TANTEQUIGGEX,  LtCY,  an  Indian,  the 
widow  of  John  T.,  died  at  Mohegan,  Conn.,  in 
June,  1830,  oged  97.  She  was  the  sister  of  Sam- 
son Occom,  the  ccicbrafed  Indion  preacher,  and 
a  descen<lant  by  her  mother  from  Uncas.  She 
was  regarded  as  a  pious  woman ;  in  her  last  days 
she  expressed  hei  \^'illingne8s  to  die,  that  "  she 
might  go  where  she  should  sin  no  more."  A  few 
weeks  after  her  death  a  Sunday-school  was  ojieneti 
at  her  house,  where  three  or  four  generations  of 
her  descendants  lived,  and  this  commencement 
of  Ijcnevolcnt  efforts  for  the  remnant  of  a  once 
])owerful  tribe  lias  led  to  the  erection  of  a  meet- 
ing-house and  the  establishment  of  a  teacher 
among  these  Indians. 

TAI'PAN,  or  TOPPAN,  Petek,  Dr.,  was  the 
son  of  Abraham,  a  settler  in  Newbury,  Mass.,  in 
1037,  and  Susannah  Goodale.  lie  was  born  in 
England  in  1034 ;  his  sons  were  Peter,  Samuel, 
and  Christopher.  His  last  child  was  born  in 
1074.  lie  was  killed  by  a  fall.  One  of  the  sons 
or  grandsons  of  Abraham  emigrated  to  Xcv. 
Y'ork,  and  from  him,  it  is  sui)i)osed,  the  town  of 
Tapi)an  and  Tajijjan  Sea  derived  their  name. 

TAPPAN,  Edmund,  a  physician  in  Hampton, 
N.  II.,  died  in  1739,  aged  about  40.  Ho  was  the 
son  of  Christopher,  and  grandson  of  Dr.  Peter. 
His  mother  was  Sarah  Angier  of  Cambridge. 

TAPP^VN,  Amos,  minister  of  Kingston,  N.  II., 
died  in  1771,  aged  35.  Born  in  Newbury,  ^'  iss., 
he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1708. 

TAPPAN,  David,  I).  D.,  professor  of  divinity 
in  Harvard  college,  died  Aug.  27,  1803,  aged  51. 
He  was  the  son  of  Benjamin  Tajjpan,  minister  of 
Manchester,  and  was  liorn  April  21,  1703.  The 
name  was  formerly  written  Toppan.  He  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1771.  After 
jiursuing  the  study  of  divinity  for  two  or  three 
years  he  commenced  preaching,  and  was  ordained 
minister  of  the  third  church  in  Newbury  in  Ajjril, 
1774.     In  this  place  he  continued  about  eighteen 


TAPI'AN. 

V(';ir«.  IIi'<  Rucrps.or  was  Leonard  Woods.  In 
Jimc,  IT!'-',  lit'  WHS  tlccli  d  prolcsMir  of  dhiiiiiy 
ill  Harvard  t'ollr>,'<'  in  the  (place  of  Dr.  Wiffj^lcs- 
worlli,  wlio  liad  ri'siffiird,  and  alter  unxious  de- 
lilierallon  and  the  luKice  of  an  eecli'^iasticiil 
council  lie  was  liiauhMiralcd  Dec.  i!(i,  17!>'.'.  When 
lie  was  inlroduced  into  this  odiee,  tiie  stndeiit.H 
of  the  university  were  iinconinioMly  disscdule. 
l<'or  some  time  they  had  received  no  re^ilar  in- 
Btrurtion  in  theolo;;y,  and  the  tide  of  opinion  he- 
pan  to  mil  in  the  channel  of  Infidelity.  Hut  the 
lectures  of  Dr.  Tappan,  which   coinljined   enter- 


TAn*  v."f. 


7T7 


TfhMi    '"-»   wife  pspr. 

whi«'h        re    pxciled  I       -lie   (Imhu 

with  him,   lie  miid:  •■  h  (iod   U 

made  forever.     Can't  yon  l.iv  hoi 

his  sons,   he   said  :  "  I  ehari^e  v 

supremely,  and   to  love  ^■oll^   >:• 

selves;  for  witimut  lhe;-;e  tliei, 

Kioii."     lie   had   such  a  oense  of  the  mU  of  niu 

and   of  ills  own   ill  desert,   that   nothing  could 

rtlford  him  consolation  hut  th<'  all-ulliciint  jjriici) 

of  thi'  liedeeiner.     In  .lesiis  ('hrist  his  sold  found 

r  St.      He  pulilished  two  discourses,  pnaelied  on 


d  Kome  i»f  »!»*■  fprlindi 

of   |IMtillf 

i'"'"«,  t  Ml 

»<i  love  (Inw 
■r  OH  \()ur- 
>>   trm-  reli- 


taiunieut  with  information,  which  were   profound  ,  the    Sahljath    alter   his    ordiualioii,    177  I;  ad 


and  yet  pathetic,  ele);ant   in  style  nn<l  conclusive 
in  argument,  and  which  came  warm  from  a  pious 
heart,  >non  checked  the  prof;ress  of  profaneness 
and  dissipation,  and  jiut  o|)eii  irrelinion  to  shame. 
lie  was   succeeded  by   Dr.  Ware.     His  widow, 
Mary,  died   in    Sept.,    1H;J1,  iv^vd  "'_'.     His  son, 
IJeiijamin  T.,  was  the  minister  of  An^'usta,  Me. 
lie  possessed  much  activity  and  vii^or  of  mind, 
fertility  of  invention,  and  force  of  ima^'ination. 
He  had  a  tiicility  in  fixinfj  his  attention,  and  dis- 
criminating  and   arranging   his   thoughts.     His 
readiness   of  conception  and  command  of  lan- 
guage enabled  him  both  in  speaking  and  writing 
to  express  what  he  thought  and  felt  with  pro- 
priety, perspicuity,  and    force.      The    religious 
principles  which  he  embraced  were  the  doctrines 
of  the  eternal  counsels  of  Jehovah  ;  man's  fallen, 
ruined  state  j    the    electing    love    of  God  j    the 
atonement  of  Christ;  justification  by  griice  ;  and 
the  efficacy  of  the  Divine  Spirit  in  renewing  sin- 
ners and  preparing  them  for  glory.     The  doctrine 
of  reden.ption  by  a  crucified  Saviour  constituted 
in  his  view  the  basis  of  the  gospel.    In  such  a 
liglit  did  he  regard  the  projier  divinity  of  Jesus 
Christ,  that  he  declared  it  to  be  "  the  rock  of 
his  eternal  hopes."    To  benevolence  and  candor, 
sincerity  in  speech,  and  uprightness  in  conduct, 
ho  joined  the  careful  cidtivation  and  practice  of 
the  personal  virtues.     lie  was  superior  to  all  fret- 
ful  and   anxious   thoughts   about   his   temporal 
afl'airs,  and  to  all  vanity  of  external  ai)pcarance. 
When  tried  by  the  ignorance  and  stupidity  or 
by  the  perverseness  and  injustice  of  men,  lie  was 
calm  and  collected.     For  the  conduct  of  those, 
who  had    treated    him   with    the   most  painful 
imkindness,  he  invented  the  most  charitable  ex- 
cuses,  and  even  sought   opportunities  of  doing 
them  good.     His  religion  as  well  as  his  nature 
disposed  him  to  sympntliy,  tenderness,  and  love. 
Kind  affections  lighted  up  his  countenance,  gave 
a  glow  to  his  conversation,  and  cheerfulness  to 
his  active  benevolence.     When  arrested  by  his 
last  sickness,  and  warned  of  his  approaching  dis- 
solution, he  was  not  discomiiosed.    W'hh  many 
expressions  of  humility  and  self-abasement  inter- 
mingled, he  declared  his   hope  in    the   infinite 
mercy  of  God  through  the  atoucmeut  of  Christ. 
98 


course  on  the  character  and  iiest  exertions  rf 
unregenerate  sinners,  ITS'J;  a  sermon  cm  the  fast, 
17H;i;  on  till-  iieare,  nH.'l;  on  the  death  of  M. 
I'arsons,  17H|j  of  eight  pt'rsoiis  lirowiu  il,  17!M; 
of  J.  Itussell.  17'.Hi;  of  Wasl,iiijr|,,ii,  IHOO;  of 
S.  I'hilliiis,  Ihoii;  of  Dr.  Hitchcock,  and  Mary 
Dana,  ISO:);  two  I'riendly  letters  to  I'hiiaiethes, 
ITH.j;  at  the  ordination  of  J.  Dickinson,  17h!)j 
of  J.  T.  Kirkland,  1701  i  of  J.  Kendall ;  of  X.  II. 
Fletcher,  iSOd  •  instnli.ition  of  II.  I'ackard,  INO'J  ; 
address  to  the  students  of  Andover  academy, 
17!M  ;  at  the  election,  17!)'-' ;  before  an  association 
at  I'ortsnioutii,  1702;  farewell  sermon  at  Xew- 
bnry;  on  the  fast,  ITlW;  a  discourse  to  gradu- 
ates; address  to  students  at  Andover  j  to  the 
class  which  entered  college,  17!)  I,  17!)(i,  and 
179H;  on  the  thanksgiving,  170.");  l)cforc  the 
convention,  17!>7  ;  on  the  fast,  170H.  Since  his 
death  there  have  been  ])ublished  sermons  on  im- 
portant subjects,  Hvo.,  and  lectures  on  Jewish 
anti(inities,  Svo.,  1807.  —  I'lDUipli/it,  I, 

TAl'I'AN,  SAXiri.1,,  died  at  Portsmouth  April 
29,  1800,  aged  15;  the  highly  esteemed  teocher 
of  one  of  the  public  schools,  a  very  eminent 
Christian.  He  was  the  son  of  Ilev.  Mr.  T.  of 
Mancliester. 

TAl'l'AX,  Amos,  died  in  Tortsmouth,  X.  IL, 
in  1821,  aged  about  53.  He  was  the  sonof  Kev. 
IJonjamin  T. ;  was  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1788 ; 
and  for  nearly  thirty  years  taught  a  classical 
school  in  1'.  His  wife  was  Isabella,  the  sister  of 
Itev.  Joseph  Ihtckminster. 

TAl'l'AX,  liiAJAJiiN,  minister  of  Mancliester, 
Mass.,  died  in  17!)0,  aged  about  70.  lie  was  the 
son  of  Samuel,  a  farmer  of  Xewbury,  and  grand- 
son of  Dr.  Peter  T.,  and  his  wife,  Abigail  Wig- 
glesworth,  was  the  daughter  of  the  minister  of 
Maiden,  lie  had  twelve  children;  two  of  his 
sons,  David  and  Amos,  were  graduates.  He 
wished  also  to  educate  Penjamin ;  but,  settled 
on  a  salary  of  eighty  pounds,  his  son,  who  over- 
heard him  sjjcaking  of  his  jioverty,  nobly  re- 
solved that  he  would  not  go  to  college.  He 
graduated  at  llai'vard  college  in  1712  ;  his  name 
appears  in  the  catalogue  as  Toppan. 

TAPPAX,  Uex.iamin,  a  merchant  of  North- 
ampton, Mass.,  died  Jan.  2'J,  181il,  aged  8'<i.    Of 


778 


lAl'I'AN'. 


TAl'I'AN. 


Iiii  ttiircntor!!,  *ho  wrote  ihc  name  Toppan  iii- 
Itrnd  (if  'I'ii|jj>Mii,  A'tiIiiiiii  mus  the  {'wt  in  tliit 
country;  he  v.uw  rnini  Yannoiitli,  I'.n^'Iiind,  and 
•c'ttlfil  lit  Niwliury  in  Ki.'lT,  iljin;,'  in  KIT'.',  icav- 
wn  Non.s,  I'ctcr,  Al)raliani,  Jiiculi,  Jolin,  and  Isaac, 
whose  dcML'iidant.M  liavcliccu  niuny.  lie  wai  tlit' 
Hon  of  lU'V.  lliMijaDiin  'I',,  and  the  eldest  of  twelve 
children,  lie  served  his  time  with  Williani 
Homes,  a  ;,'(ildsmiili  of  Jloslon,  a  descemlant  of 
Ilev.  W.  II.,  and  tlie  f^randfalher  of  Henry 
Homes,  and  whose  wife  was  a  daiif^hter  of  .Mrs. 
Mury  Dawes,  Dr.  IVankiin's  sister,  liio  mother 
of  William  Dawes,  a  worthy  eili/eii.  lie  settled 
in  Northampton  as  a  goldsmith  in  I  "(ill,  and 
afterwards  was  a  luercliant.of  the  (irm  of'rap|)aii 
and  Whitney.  He  was  a  patriot  of  the  llevohi- 
tfoii,  mid  marched  with  other  volunteers  from 
Northampton  to  meet  the  forces  of  liurf^oyne  at 
Saratoga.  He  was  a  man  of  most  e.xemjilary 
character,  of  iMte;;rity  and  prudence,  of  Christian 
princi])lc  ond  feelinjf,  who  lirou^ht  up  his  larfje 
family  in  the  jiaths  of  virtue  and  honor,  aiul  who 
lived  to  be  rewarded,  as  many  otlier  New  l''n>{- 
land  parents  have  been,  hy  seeiiifj  his  children 
industrious,  ujirij^ht,  enterprisinj,',  prosj)erouK, 
and  some  of  them  men  of  distinction  in  our  coun- 
try. Insteod  of  remcniheriiifj  and  honorln};  such 
a  citizen  and  head  of  a  family,  why  is  it  that  a 
mere  adventurer,  of  no  j)rincii)le,  who  in  jierhnjis 
an  imjust  war  loses  an  iirin  or  only  feels  the 
breath  of  a  cannon-hall,  is  np])laudcd  through  the 
land,  and  elevated  to  some  ollicc,  and  ])cnsioned 
with  an  annual  bounty  from  the  public  treasury 
during  the  roniaiiuler  of  his  life  ?  Is  it  not  be- 
cause the  race  of  fools  is  not  extinct  ?  or,  to  speak 
more  calmly,  because  we  the  people  are  not  wise  ? 
The  children  of  Mr.  Tajjpan  knew  how  to  honor 
the  memory  of  such  parents  os  God  had  given 
them.  There  assembled  in  the  ])lace  of  their 
birth,  June  1,  1818,  from  different  Stotes  six  i 
'brothers,  —  still  living  in  18j7,  —  and  three  sis- j 
ters,  between  the  ages  of  GO  and  77,  namely  :  i 
Benjamin,  a  democratic  lawyer  of  Ohio,  who  had 
been  a  senator  of  the  United  States  ;•  William,  J 
a  farmer  of  Uinghamton,  N.  Y. ;  John,  long  a 
merchant  in  Boston,  whose  life  forty  years  Le- ' 
fore  Providence  had  jircserved,  when  the  shiji 
Jupiter,  in  which  he  was  returning  from  England,  ^ 
struck  an  iceberg  and  sunk  with  most  of  the  I 
passengers,  and  who  is  well  known  for  his  benev- 
olent deeds ;  Arthur,  one  of  the  founders  of  Ober- 
lin  college,  a  merchant  of  New  York,  who  had 
failed  with  high  honor,  for  with  a  debt  of  a  mil- 
lion of  dollars  he  paid  up  the  whole ;  Charles,  a 
bookseller  in  Boston ;  Lewis,  a  merchant  in  New 
York,  whose  talents  and  zeal  have  been  mani- 
fested in  the  anti-slavery  cause;  Sarah,  since 
deceased,  the  wife  of  Solomon  Stoddard  of  North- 
ampton ;  Ilchccca,  the  wife  of  Col.  William  Ed- 
wards of  New  York  ;  Lucy,  the  widow  of  Uev.  Dr. 


John  I'icrcc  nf  Drnrikline.  Of  this  family  of  nine 
there  weic  a  humbed  rhildren,  iimoiig  them  ^ix 
or  eight  niiiiisttTN,  or  the  wives  of  mIni^ter^, — 
one,  Da'id  Tapjian  Stnddard,  a  nii^-sioiiiirv  in 
I'ersia.  liefides  the>e,  Mr.  'I'apiian's  daughter 
Kli/.abeih,  who  died  in  ISUI,  was  tiic  wife  of  u 
minister,  Ilev.  Alexander  I'lninix. 

T.M'l'.VN,  S.Mt.Ml,  wife  of  Itenjamin  T.,  died 
at  Nortlmnipton  March  'Si,  IS'Jd,  nged  7M.  .She 
was  the  (hiiighter  of  W'illiiiin  Homes,  goldsniilh, 
who  was  an  excellent  Christian,  a  deseendntit  (jf 
Hev.  W.  Homes.  Her  mother  was  a  danghdr 
of  Thomas  Dawes  of  lloston.  Her  life  was  a 
Christian  life  iind  her  end  was  ]ieace.  She  left 
nine  children,  and  sixty-one  grandchildren,  iler 
memoir  was  |)ul)lished  in  iH.'ll. 

TAl'I'AN,  E.NCK  II  S.,  M.  D.,  died  in  Augusta, 
Me.,  in  1817,  aged  M.  The  son  of  I'rofesNor  T., 
he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  IKOl. 

TAI'I'.VN,  CiiuisT()i'iii:ii,  died  at  Newbury 
July  2li,  1717,  aged  'o,  having  been  mhiister  of 
the  first  church  fifty  years.  He  was  the  son  of 
I'eter  T. ;  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1091,  and  was 
ordained  in  1090.  He  was  a  man  of  learning 
and  ])iefy,  a  very  successful  minister,  and  a  useful 
jdiysician  and  surgeon,  demanding  no  fees. 

TAl'I'AN,  Wii.i.iAM  Ui.NCJiiAM,  a  religious 
jjoet,  died  in  West  Needham,  Mass.,  in  IKI!), 
aged  51  j  general  agent  of  the  .\nicricati  Sunday 
school  union.  His  father  was  Samuel  T.  of  liev- 
erly,  a  teacher,  who  died  when  he  was  twelve 
years  old.  His  only  schooling  was  for  six  months. 
An  apprentice,  he  ascril)ed  much  in  the  preser- 
vation of  his  morals  to  his  mother's  prayers.  He 
toiled  and  studied  ;  for  four  years  he  was  not  ali- 
seiit  from  church.  Of  twelve  apprentices  with 
him,  all  but  two  came  to  ruin.  He  was  a  success- 
ful teacher  six  years  in  I'hiladelphia.  After  his 
marriage  he  became  a  religious  man.  Ilemoving 
to  Boston,  he  zealously  engaged  in  Sabbath 
schools,  and  was  salesman  of  the  SundiiN  school 
union.  In  Cincinnati  he  prosecuted  the  same  be- 
nevolent object  (  also  again  four  years  in  I'hila- 
delphia J  then  the  rest  of  his  life  in  Boston.  In 
1810  he  o!)taIiicd  a  license  to  ])re:icli,  and  he 
preached  with  great  interest  at  Matlapoisett  tlie 
last  Sabbath  before  his  death.  His  attack  was 
sudden  and  violent,  but  his  faith  failed  not ;  he 
said,  "I'm  going,  —  my  sight  is  gone,  —  wife, 
daughter,  farewell ;  Lord  Jesus,  receive  my  sjirit."' 
Sucli  a  benefactor  of  men  deserves  honorable  re- 
membrance. He  died  a  poor  man  at  Grantville, 
Needham.  He  jmblished  several  volumes  of 
poetry,  but  without  pecuniary  ])rofit. 

TAl'I'AN,  Jami:«,  colonel,  died  at  Gloucester 
Feb.  0,  1853,  aged  85.  His  death  was  occasioned 
or  hastened  by  a  fall  on  the  ice.  As  he  was  the 
early  schoolmaster  of  I).  Webster,  he  frequently 
in  his  old  age  was  the  grateful  reciiiient  of  his 
bounty.    Such  a  record  is  most  honorable  to  his 


TAPT'EN. 

firmi  M-hnlar,  who  prrccUi'd  him  in  the  drtcent 
t.i  the  itriwr. 

TAI'l'r.\..Iiiii\,iui()frK(rintlit"  Il»vi)lutii)imry 
wur,  i\'<i\  lit  l'"ullsl)urKh  in  \HU\,  ngvi\  !)2. 

TAlCLKrON,  1).,  iiiMitt'iiiint-cdlonol  in  the 
Ilrili'-h  Kcrvicc,  |iul)lii«h<'<l  i»  history  nf  iho  Koulhcrn 
i!uii|mit,Mis  of  I7H(»  and  17HI,  ltd.,  I.oikIoii,  17m7. 

'I'ASH,  TlKiMAS,  coioni'i,  II  l)riiNr  "lliccr  in  the 
Frciiili  1111(1  lli'Voliitidniiry  wiirN,  dicil  in  Ni'w 
Diirimm,  N.II.,  in  IHOI),  iij^cd  M7.  Itdrii  in  Dnr- 
iiain,  he  lived  twenty  yeurs  in  X.  1).,  in  the  nel- 
tloment  of  wliicli  town  he  wns  netivo. 

TASSKMAKI'.ll,  Mr.,  the  tir«t  minister  met- 
tled in  Sehcneetiiily,  wuh  murdered  with  nil  his 
family  hy  the  Iiidians,  who  liurncd  that  eity  in 
KilH).  lie  wiw  of  the  Dutch  church.  Ilev.  J. 
Fonda  could  obtain  no  information  of  his  a^e 
and  character,  the  annuk  of  the  Dutch  church 
having;  |)eriHhe(l. 

TAT  1 1  AM,  Wii.MAM,  an  engineer  and  drunk- 
ard, threw  hiniHclf  before  the  mouth  of  a  j,'uii, 
fired  at  Itichmond,  Va.,  Feb.  22,  181(»,  on  the 
birthday  of  Washington,  and  was  blown  to 
pieces,  aged  (57.  A  native  of  Kngland,  a  lawyer 
in  North  Carolina,  ^Ir.  Monroe  gave  him  an 
otiice  in  the  arsenal  in  Virginia.  He  comi)ile<l  an 
analysis  of  Virginia,  and  published  two  tracts  re- 
lating to  tho  cunal  between  Norfolk  luid  North 
Carolina. 

TAWANQUATUCK,  the  first  sach.em  eon- 
verted  to  Christianity  on  Martha's  Vineyard,  lived 
on  that  island  when  the  F.nglish  first  settled 
there  in  1CI2.  lie  died  about  the  year  l(i7(). 
His  conversion,  through  the  labors  of  Mr.  May- 
hew,  was  a  circumstance  very  irritating  to  his 
copper-colored  brethren,  who  were  indignant 
that  he  should  turn  away  from  the  religion  of 
their  fathers.  One  night,  after  an  assembly  of 
the  Indians,  as  Tawanquatuck  lay  asleep  upon  a 
mat  by  a  little  fire,  an  Indian  approached  him 
ai\d  let  fly  a  broad-headed  arrow,  intending  to 
drench  it  in  his  heart's  blood  ;  but  it  struck  his 
eyebrow,  and  being  turned  in  its  direction  by  the 
solid  bono,  glanced  and  slit  his  nose  from  the 
top  to  the  bottom.  Tho  next  morning  Mr.  May- 
hew  visited  the  sagamore,  and  found  him  ))rais- 
ing  God  for  his  great  deliverance.  He  afterwards 
became  a  Christian  magis^trate  to  his  jieojile,  and 
discharged  faithfully  the  trust  reposed  in  him  as 
long  as  he  lived.  —  Mni/liew's  Indian  Conveits. 

TAYLOR,  JosEl'H,  minister  of  Southampton, 
L.  I.,  died  in  10S2,  iiged  30.  Ho  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1G09,  and  succeeded  llov.  Kobert 
Fordham  in  1G80. 

TAYLOR,  Jou.v,  minister  of  Milton,  Mass., 
died  in  1749,  aged  56.  Born  in  Boston,  ho  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  in  1721,  and  was  ordained  in 
1728,  tho  successor  of  V.  Thacher.  His  succes- 
sor was  N.  liobbius.    lie  was  a  classmate  of 


TAYI,f)n. 


770 


Br.  rhntinry,  to  whom  he  h  t\  hi«  pnprn  with 
order*  1.1  burn  them,  ami  who  x.-tjn  of  him  that 
l«w  mm  wire  more  uiiivvri.ally  u'lovid.  -  lUit. 

Cull.,  Vdl.  \. 

TAVi.oU,  Nmi.vMKi,  miniMtrr  of  Nrw  Mil- 
ford,  Conn.,  iliid  in  I^mm',  a-cd  78,  in  tti-  C.t^y- 
Ktcdiid  year  of  hiK  niiniolrv,  Horn  in  Daiibiiry, 
he  graduated  at  Yule  in  17  I,'.,  and  was  ordained 
in  171s.  He  was  u  Mlmlar  and  a  tinihir  of 
ydiiih  preparing  for  cdlicge,  and  a  trustee  of  ilie 
college.  In  17ri!)  he  was  a  chaplain  at  Ticonde- 
roga,  and  a  jiatriot  in  the  war  of  the  llevolution, 
ill  one  year  reliixpiishing  his  salary  to  his  people. 
S.  (iriswdid  lieraine  his  edllciigue  in  I7!mi.  Ity 
his  tirst  wife,  wlid  was  a  daughlir  of  Rev.  1). 
Hoardnian,  the  tirst  minister  of  New  Milford,  ho 
had  a  son,  Nathaniel,  who  was  the  father  of  Re^, 
Dr.  N.  Taylor  of  the  thedlogical  seniiiiarv  at  New 
Haven.  He  ])ulilished  a  sermon  at  Crown  rolni 
17t)2!  at  th<'  oiiliiiation  of  D.  Itrownson,  17(H. 

—  S/irdi/lir'n  .\itiiiil.i, 

TAYLOR,  I'.iiWAiiii,  first  minister  of  Warro. 
noco  or  W'esllleld,  Mas.s.,  wns  born  in  Ltlce- 
shire,  I'.ngland,  in  I(il2,  and  died  June  2!),  l',..  , 
aged  87,  A  graduate  of  Harvard  in  1071,  lie  in 
the  same  year  went  to  \Vesttield  to  preach ; 
J'iiilip's  war  delayed  liis  settlement  till  .\iig.  27, 
l()7i».  N.  liull  was  his  colleague  in  1720.  Sub- 
secpient  ministers  have  been  J.  Uallantiiip,  N.  At- 
water,  1.  Knapp  and  V..  Davis.  He  married  in 
1071  lUi/abelli.  daughter  of  James  Fitch  of  Nor- 
wich. His  Mcond  wife,  in  10!»2,  was  Ruth, 
daughter  of  ^  amuel  Wyllys  of  Hartford.  By  her 
he  had  live  daughters,  who  married  ministers  j 
Ruth,  who  married  Rev.  B.  Colton  of  West 
Hartford  J  Naomi,  wlio  married  Rev.  F.  Devo- 
tion of  SutUeld  ;  Anne,  who  married  Rev.  B. 
Lord  of  Ncnwieh  ;  Melutalile,  who  married  Rev. 
W.  (iag"r  of  Lelianon  ;  niid  Ke/.iah,  who  married 
Rev.  Isaac  .Stiles,  and  was  the  mother  of  I'resi- 
dent  Stiles.  Ho  had  four  other  daughters,  who 
married  ministers  in  Connecticut.  His  descend- 
ants remain  in  W.  Among  his  descendants  is 
H.  W.  Taylor  of  Canandaigua,  a  judge  of  the  su- 
premo court  of  New  York.  Ho  left  fourteen 
ipiarto  volumes  of  four  hundred  pages  each ) 
much  of  it  in  jioetry.  —  Jlolhind's  Hist,  It.  142  j 
S])r<ii/iic\t  Annuls. 

T.VYLOR,  GKoiiru',  a  patriot  of  tho  Revolu- 
tion, died  at  Faston  Feb.  23,  1781,  aged  05.  IIo 
was  born  in  Ireland  in  171(i.  On  his  arrival  at 
Durham  on  the  Delaware,  he  engaged  in  labor  in 
the  iron  works  of  a  ^Ir.  S.ivage,  who  paid  the 
expenses  of  his  voyage.  Advanced  to  be  clerk, 
after  the  death  of  Mr.  S.  he  married  his  widow, 
and  became  a  man  of  fortune.  Being  a  member 
of  congress  soon  after  the  declaration  of  inde- 
pendence was  ])asKcd,  ho  signed  tho  engrossed 
copy  Aug.  2,  1770.  —  Goodrich. 


780 


TAYLOR, 


TAYLOR. 


TAYLOR,  'Wir.i.iAM,  died  in  Pitt  county, 
N.  C,  in  Oct.,  ITOi,  aged  114.  lie  was  a  native 
of  Virfjinia. 

TAYLOR,  IIezekiaii,  fust  minister  of  New- 
fane,  Vt.,  died  in  1814,  aged  00.  Horn  in  Graf- 
ton, Mass.,  lie  graduated  at  Harvard  iu  1770  and 
was  settled  in  1774. 

TAYLOR,  John,  colonel,  a  senator  of  the 
United  States,  died  suddenly  in  Caroline  county, 
Va.,  Aug.  20,  1H24,  at  an  advanced  age.  lie 
■was  distinguished  for  his  attention  to  agriculture. 
Ho  published  construction  construed ;  an  inquiry 
into  the  princi])les  and  policy  of  the  government 
of  the  United  States,  1814  j  and  other  works. 

TAYLOR,  Richard,  commodore,  died  in  Old- 
ham county,  Ky.,  in  1825,  aged  78.  He  was  an 
officer  in  the  Revolutionary  war. 

TAYLOR,  James,  minister  of  Sunderland, 
Mass.,  died  in  1831,  aged  47.  lie  graduated  at 
WilUams  college  in  1804. 

TAYLOR,  Jon\,  colonel,  governor  of  South 
Carolina  from  1820  to  1828,  died  in  1832.  He 
had  been  a  member  of  congress. 

TAYLOR,  John,  a  Baptist  minister,  died  in 
Franklin  county,  Ky.,in  1835,  aged  82. 

TAYLOR,  Sauaii  Louisa,  died  in  1838,  aged 
27.  Her  memoir  was  written  by  Rev.  Lot 
Jones. 

TAYLOR,  John,  minister,  died  at  Bruce, 
Mich.,  in  1840,  aged  77.  He  graduated  at  Yale 
in  1784. 

TAYLOR,  John,  minister  of  Deerfield,  Mass., 
died  in  1840,  aged  about  76.  Born  in  Westfield, 
he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1784,  and  was  pastor 
from  1787  to  1806,  the  successor  of  J.  Ashley, 
and  was  succeeded  in  1807  by  Rev.  Dr.  Wil- 
lard,  who  still  lives  in  this  year,  1857.  He  pub- 
lished century  sermon,  1804;  farewell  at  Deer- 
field,  1806. 

TAYLOR,  Philip  W.,  a  minister  for  sixty 
years,  died  in  Shelby  county,  Ky.,  about  1840, 
•  aged  npwards  of  80.  Born  in  Caroline  county, 
Va.,  he  was  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution,  and 
present  at  the  surrender  of  Cornwallis.  In  1781 
he  was  a  pioneer  settler  in  Kentucky.  He 
was  not  only  a  preacher,  but  for  two  years  high 
sheriff. 

TAYLOR,  John  ]\L,  colonel,  died  in  Phila- 
delphia in  1843,  aged  92.  He  ^as  commissary- 
general  of  the  American  army  in  1775,  at  the 
siege  of  Quebec,  and  ho  remained  in  the  service 
with  honor  till  1779. 

TAYLOR,  Samuel  Austin,  missionary  to 
Constantinople,  died  at  Worcester  in  1847,  aged 
28.  He  graduated  at  Amherst  in  1837,  and  at 
Andover  theological  seminary  in  1842. 

TAYLOR,  James,  general,  died  at  NewjMrt, 
Ky.,  in  1848,  aged  80.  His  last  political  act  was 
voting,  on  his  sick  bed,  on  the  day  of  his  death, 
for  his  relative,  President  Taylor.    He  served  iu 


the  war  of  1812.  It  was  thought  his  landed  es- 
tate was  worth  3  or  I.OOO/JOO  of  dollars. 

T.VYLOU,  Za(  IIAIIY,  president  of  the  United 
States,  died  at  Washington  July  9,  IK.'jO,  aged 
05.  The  son  of  Col.  Richard  T.,  he  was  born  in 
Orange  comity,  Va.,  S(])t.  24,  1784.  Poiha])s 
Zachary  Tailor,  who  arrived  in  Virginia  in  l(i;j,), 
was  his  ancestor.  In  IHOH  he  entered  the  armv. 
In  1810  he  married  Margaret  Smith  of  Maryland. 
In  the  war  of  1812  he  served  at  the  west ;  in 
1810  he  commanded  at  Green  Bay.  lie  served 
under  Scott  in  the  Black  Hawk  war.  He  was 
also  in  the  Florida  war,  and  was  intrusted  with 
the  command  of  all  the  troops.  At  the  close  of 
the  war  he  purchased  an  estate  and  settled  at 
Baton  Rouge.  He  distinguished  himself  greatly 
in  the  Mexican  war,  and  among  other  victories, 
gained,  Feb.  23,  1847,  the  memorable  one  of 
Buena  Vista  over  Santa  Anna.  The  whig  con- 
vention of  1848,  smitten  with  his  military  fame, 
nominated  him  for  the  ])residency.  He  was  in- 
augurated March  4,  1849.  He  was  ill  only  live 
days,  was  in  office  sixteen  months,  and  was 
succeeded  by  Mr.  Fillmore.  He  left  a  widow,  one 
son,  and  two  daughters:  Ann,  married  to  Dr. 
R.  C.  Wood,  surgeon  in  the  army ;  Bessy,  to 
Major  W,  W.  S.  Bliss.  A  daughter  deceased, 
Sarah  Knox,  was  married  to  Col.  Jefferson  Davis. 

TAYLOR,  Oliver  Aluex,  minister  of  Man- 
chester, Mass.,  died  Dec.  18,  1851,  aged  50. 
Born  at  Yarmouth,  his  mother  was  the  daugh- 
ter of  Rev.  T.  Alden.  His  parents  emigrated  to 
llawley,  where  he  had  no  advantages  of  early 
education.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  joincj  the 
church  with  fifty-three  others.  Having  prepared 
to  enter  college  at  an  academy,  he  borrowed  10 
dollars,  and  made  a  journey  on  foot  to  Alleghany 
college,  where  his  uncle,  T.  Alden,  was  president. 
He  graduated  at  Union  college  in  1825,  and 
studied  theology  at  Andover,  where  he  lived 
twelve  years,  devoted  to  literary  pursuits.  He 
was  the  minister  of  M.  from  1839  till  his  death  ; 
and  was  eminent  for  learning  and  piety.  His 
wife  was  a  daughter  of  Dr.  N.  Cleaveland.  In 
1830  he  was  a  teacher  of  sacred  literature  in  the 
seminary  at  Andover.  He  published  various  ar- 
ticles in  the  biblical  repository  and  spirit  of  the 
])ilgrims;  brief  views  of  the  Saviour,  fir  the 
young,  1835  ;  the  music  of  the  Hebrews,  a  trans- 
lation ;  memoirs  of  Reiuhard ;  catalogue  of  the 
seminary  library,  1838  ;  memoir  of  Andrew  Lee, 
1844  J  also  some  poetical  effusions.  A  memoir 
of  him  by  his  brother.  Rev.  T.  A.  Taylor,  was 
published  in  1853.  —  Sprague's  Annals. 

TAYLOR,  SxEriiEN,  D.  D.,  died  at  Rich- 
mond, Va.,  in  1853,  aged  66.  He  graduated  at 
Williams  college  in  1815,  and  was  for  a  quarter 
of  a  century  one  of  the  most  useful  ministers  in 
Virginia.  He  was  a  professor  in  the  theological 
scnimary;  but,  not  concurring  in  the  acts  of  the 


TAYLOR. 

general  assembly  in  1S3S,  he  resigned  tliatofBcc.  | 
lie  hail  |)eacc  in  dcatli.  i 

TAYLOIl,  llicilAUi),  second  cliirt'  of  the  In- ' 
dian   Ciu'rolceo  nation,  died    at    Tahlequah,    Ar- 
kansas, in  18.53.    lie  commanded  under  Jackson 
in  tlie  Creek  war. 

TAYJ.OIl,  JoTix  AV.,   a  distinpuishod  states- 
man, died  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in   IH.Jl,  afted  "0. 
He  died  in  the  family  of  his  son-in-law,  AV.  I).  ' 
Ueattie.     Itorn   in    Sarato^ja  county,  N.  Y.,  he 
studied   law   in   Albany,  and  was  a  member  of, 
congress  from  1813  to  1833,  and  was  sjieakcr  in 
18:21.     lie  was  most  earnestly  opposed  to  the  i 
admission  of  Missouri  as  a  slave  State,     lie  sm-- 
vived  the  great  debaters  on  that  subject.  King, 
Tallmadge,  Clay,  Holmes,  Ilandolph,  I'inckney, 
and  Storrs. 

TAYLOR,  SxF.pnEN  W.,  LL.D.,  president 
of  Madispn  university,  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  died  in 
18JG,  aged  G6.  He  had  been  wasting  away  by 
disease  two  or  three  years.  He  was  a  graduate 
of  Hamilton  college,  having  borrowed  the  money 
necessary  to  defray  the  expenses  of  his  educa- 
tion. About  1810  he  was  at  the  head  of  Black 
river  academy  at  Lowville ;  in  1831  he  took 
charge  of  the  grammar  school  at  Hamilton.  In 
184G  he  went  to  Pennsylvania  and  built  up  a 
Baptist  college.  In  18.50  he  became  president  of 
Madison  university.  His  son,  B.  F.  Taylor,  was 
an  editor  at  Chicago  ;  and  his  son,  A.  II.  Taylor, 
princi])al  of  Hamilton  academy.  He  was  gen- 
tlemanly, affectionate,  and  generous.  He  had 
an  iron  will.  Ho  said  to  students  in  poverty, 
"  Every  boy  in  this  country  can  acquire  a  liberal 
education,  if  he  wills  it." 

TECUMSEH,  an  Indian  chief,  died  Oct.  5, 
1813,  aged  43.  He  was  the  son  of  a  Shawanee 
warrior,  and  was  born  on  the  Scioto  river,  Ohio. 
He  was  engaged  in  many  incursions  into  Ken- 
tucky, and  intercepted  many  boats  descending  the 
Ohio.  It  is  supposed  that  about  1806  he  and 
his  brother,  Elskwatawa  the  prophet,  formed  the 
project  of  uniting  all  the  western  Indians  in  a 
war  against  the  Americans.  When  Gen.  Harri- 
son attacked  and  defeated  the  prophet  in  the 
battle  of  Tippecanoe,  Nov.  7,  1811,  Tecumseh 
was  absent,  on  a  visit  to  the  south.  In  the  war 
of  1812  he  was  an  ally  to  the  British,  with  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general.  At  the  siege  of  fort 
Meigs,  and  at  the  second  assault  in  July,  he  was 
present,  being  at  the  head  of  two  thousand  warriors. 
In  the  battle  at  Moravian  town,  on  the  Thames, 
Gen.  Harrison  had  for  his  aids  Gen.  Cass  and 
Com.  Perry.  Col.  R.  M.  Johnson  commanded 
on  the  left,  and  came  in  personal  conflict,  it  is 
said,  with  Tecumseh.  His  horse  being  killed  and 
himself  wounded  by  three  balls  in  his  right  thigh 
and  two  in  the  left  arm,  the  savage  chief  rushed 
upon  him  with  his  tomahawk;  but,  drawing  a 


TEMPLE. 


781 


pistol  from  his  hoUtcr,  Johnson  laid  him  dead  at 
liis  IVi't.  In  iIun  I,;iiilc,  {'i.l.  J.\  liriiili.i-.  l.icut.- 
Col.  Jiimcs  J.,\vas  Killed.  Tiie  project  of  uniting 
all  the  western  Indians  against  the  Ainericans, 
and  the  cflbrts  made  to  execute  the  project,  dis- 
l)lay  a  savage  energy  and  |ierseverante,  but  Indi- 
cate very  little  wi.-ddni.  'llic  inc>|iiict  as  well  as 
the  warrior  being  now  deceased,  such  a  cDniblMa- 
tion  will  proliabiy  never  be  nuule  ngiiiii.  King 
I'liillp;  I'onliac.  the  Ottawas  chief,  who  in  1703 
captured  Micliilliniackinac  and  invested  Detroit; 
the  Projihet,  and  Tecumseh,  may  i)e  regarded  as 
the  most  renun-kable  of  the  savage  warriors  of 
.\merica.  His  life  was  written  by  Dr.  Daniel 
Drake,  1811. 

Tl'.l'l'T,  r.i.iZA,  wife  of  Rev.  J.  C.  Tefft,  mis- 
sionary in  Al'iica,  died  at  the  Mendi  station  Juno 
10,  18,31,  iiged  20.  She  was  the  daughter  of 
E.  C.  Benton  of  Pittslield,  .Mass.,  afterwards  of 
Seville,  Ohio. 

T1':LF1:R,  Dr.,  died  at  Toronto,  l^per  Can- 
ada, March  7,  18,57,  an  eminent  ])hysiciau. 

TICMPLI',  D,v.Mi:r,,  a  missionary  in  Malta, 
died  in  Reading,  Mass.,  Aug.  0,  18ol,agcd  61, 
Born  in  Reading,  the  eldest  of  thirteen  children, 
he  worked  at  the  trade  of  a  shoenuiker  till  the 
age  of  twenty-one,  when  he  became  a  Christian 
convert.  Ho  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1817; 
at  the  theological  seminary  in  Andover  in  1820. 
Having  been  an  agent  for  the  American  board  of 
missions  one  year,  he  was  ordained  in  1821.  Ho 
sailed  as  a  missionary  for  Malta  in  1822,  and  car- 
ried with  him  the  first  ])rinling-]iress  for  the  east. 
His  wife,  Rachel,  the  daughter  of  Col.  T.  Dix  of 
Boscawen,  N.  11.,  died  in  Malta  in  1827.  In 
1830  he  married  Martha  Ely  of  Longmcadow, 
Mass.,  and  sailed  again  for  Malta.  From  1833 
to  1844  he  lived  in  Smyrna,  occupied  with  his 
])rcss.  But  now,  a  change  being  determined  up- 
on in  the  Greek  department  of  the  mission  in 
Turkey,  to  which  he  was  .sijceially  devoted/  it 
was  deejpcd  best  that  he  should  return  to  Amer- 
ica. He  was  employed  as  an  agent  of  the  board, 
and  in  preaching  in  various  places.  In  1847  he 
was  installed  at  Phelps  in  New  York,  where  ho 
continued  two  years.  He  died  in  his  patenial 
home,  in  the  midst  of  his  relatives,  in  the  confi- 
dence that  he  was  going  to  his  eternal  home  in 
the  heavens.  He  said  :  "  I  am  a  hajjpy  man.  I 
am  looking  forward  to  an  eternity  of  blessedness." 
His  name  was  venerated  in  the  east  by  Turks 
and  Greeks.  They  knew  him  long  and  well. 
He  was  not  only  noble  in  looks,  but  truthful  and 
generous  in  character.  He  published  a  sermon 
at  Boston,  1822.  In  connection  with  his  jjress 
he  prepared  books  in  the  modern  Greek,  Italian, 
and  Armenian  languages  ;  he  wrote  many  Scrip- 
ture histories,  and  edited  a  magazine  in  Greek. 
—  Spraijues  Annals. 


782 


TEN  BROECK. 


TEXNENT. 


TEX  nnOECK,  PKTlifs,  Episcopal  minister 
at  I'ortliiiKl,  yiv..  (lied  at  J)nnvcis,Mas.s.,  in  IN-l'J, 
aged  ,37. 

TEX  l^Yf'K,  Sakah,  died  in  Somerset  county, 
N.  J.,  in  1811,  aj,'i'd  101  years. 

TEXNENT,  John,  a  ])liysician  of  Virfjinia, 
publislii'd  at  Willianisl)urgli,  in  17.'{(i,  an  essay  on 
the  pleurisy,  which  was  rcj)rinted  in  Xew  York 
in  17-12.  In  this  work  he  first  hroiifrht  into  view 
the  virtues  of  the  Seneca  snake-root.  Tiie  im- 
mediate cause  of  a  ])leurisy  or  ]>erii)neumony,  in 
liis  o])inion,  is  a  viscidity  of  hlood  of  the  same 
nature  with  that  ])roduced  hy  the  venom  of  the 
rattlesnake ;  and,  as  the  rattlesnake  root  had 
been  found  a  cure  for  the  bite  of  the  snake,  he 
proj)oscd  it  as  a  cure  for  the  pleurisy.  —  ]tam- 
sai/'x  Jicr.  ;U). 

TENX1''.XT,  AVILLIAJI,  a  useful  scholar  and 
minister  of  a  Prcsliyterian  church  at  Xeshaminy, 
Penn.,  died  about  1713.  He  received  Ejjiscojjul 
ordination  in  Ireland,  and  cmij^rated  to  this  coini- 
try  in  the  year  17 IS,  with  four  sons,  Gilbert, 
William,  John,  and  Charles.  After  his  arrival  ho 
renounced  his  connection  with  the  Ejjiscojjal 
church,  and  was  admitted  into  the  synod  of  Phila- 
delphia. He  spent  a  short  time  in  the  State  of 
New  York,  and  then  in  1721  or  1722  removed  to 
Bensalem,  Penn.  Here  he  remained  not  more  tlian 
four  or  five  years;  for  in  172C  ho  settled  at  Xesha- 
miny, about  twenty  miles  north  of  the  city  of 
Philadelphia,  where  he  became  pastor  of  a  small 
Presbyterian  conf^rej^ation.  Here  ho  established 
a  seminary  of  learning,  which  soon  received  the 
name  of  the  "log  college,"  by  which  it  was  long 
known.  But  this  institution,  though  humble  in 
name,  was  the  nursery  in  which  many  ministers 
of  the  gospel  were  trained  up  for  eminent  useful- 
ness. Among  these  were  his  four  sons,  who 
were  educated  under  his  sole  instruction,  and 
Messrs.  Rowland,  Cam])bell,  Lawrence,  Beatty, 
Robinson,  and  Samuel  Blair.  Jle  had  the  hap- 
piness to  see  all  his  sons  employed  in  the  ser- 
vice of  the  churcli  for  several  years  before  his 
death.  As  the  calls  for  ministerial  service  were 
urgent,  he  sent  them  out  as  soon  as  they  were 
qualified  for  the  work.  Of  these,  John  died  in 
early  life,  and  the  others  lived  to  an  advanced  age, 
and  were  among  the  most  useful  and  respectable 
ministers  of  their  time.  lie  was  a  man  of  great 
integrity,  simj)licity,  industry,  and  piety ;  and  to 
his  labors  and  benevolent  zeal  the  American 
churches  are  in  no  small  degree  indebted.  —  Boh- 
dinot'a  Life  of  T. 

TENXEXT,  Oii.hert,  minister  of  Philadelphia, 
the  son  of  the  preceding,  died  about  1705,  aged 
62.  He  was  born  in  Ireland.  At  the  ago  of 
14  he  began  to  bo  anxious  for  the  salvation  of  his 
soul ;  he  was  often  in  great  agony  of  mind,  but  at 
length  the  character  of  Jesus  Christ  as  the  Sav- 
iour of  sinners  filled  him  with  peace.     Still  ho 


]  was  diffident  of  his  Christian  character,  and  in 
consequence  ])ursued  the  study  of  ])hvsic  for  a 
year,  but  afterwards  devoted  himself  to  llux.logv. 
In  the  autumn  of  172(i  he  was  ordiiiiicd  minister 
of  Xew  Brunswick  in  X.  J.  For  some  time  ho 
was  the  delight  of  the  ])ious,  and  was  honoiid  bv 
thoi'.c  who  were  destitute  of  religion.  lint,  mIuii 
God  began  to  l)less  his  faithful  labors  to  the 
awakening  of  secure  sinners,  and  to  their  conver- 
sion from  darkness  unto  light,  he  ])resentlv  lo^t 
the  good  o])inion  of  false  jjrofcssors  ;  his  name 
was  loaded  with  reproaches,  and  the  grossest  im- 
moralities were  attributed  to  him.  But  he  liore 
all  with  patience.  Though  he  had  scnsibiljiy  to 
character  as  well  as  other  men,  yet  he  was  wiljinrr 
to  encounter  disgrace,  rather  than  neglect  preach- 
ing the  truth,  however  oti'ensivc  to  the  sinful, 
whom  he  wished  to  reclaim.  Towards  the  close 
of  the  year  X'AO  and  in  the  beginning  of  the 
year  1741,  he  made  a  tour  in  Xew  Engliuid,  at 
the  request  of  Mr.  'VVhitefield.  An  aslonishin" 
efficacy  accom])anied  his  labors.  Visiting  various 
towns,  he  was  everywhere  remarkably  useful.  In 
this  tour  the  dress,  in  which  he  commonly  entered 
the  pulpit,  was  a  great  coat,  girt  about  him  with 
a  leathern  girdle,  while  his  natural  hair  was  left 
undressed.  His  large  stature  and  grave  asjicct 
added  a  dignity  to  the  simjjlicity  or  rather  rus- 
ticity of  his  appearance.  In  1743  he  established 
a  now  church  in  Philadoljjhia,  consisting  of  the 
followers  of  ^Ir.  Whitefield.  In  1753,  at  the  re- 
quest of  the  trustees  of  X'^ow  Jersey  college,  he 
went  to  England  to  solicit  benedictions  for  that 
seminary.  After  a  life  of  great  usefulness  lie  died 
in  much  jjoace,  and  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Sjiroat. 
For  more  than  forty  years  he  had  enjoyed  a 
habitual,  unshaken  assurance  of  his  interest  in  re- 
deeming love.  As  a  preacher,  he  was  in  his  vig- 
orous days  equalled  by  but  few.  His  reasoning 
powers  were  strong,  his  language  forcible  and 
often  sublime,  and  his  manner  of  address  warm 
and  earnest.  His  eloquence,  however,  was  rather 
bold  and  awful  than  soft  and  persuasive.  'W'lioii 
he  wished  to  alarm  the  sinner,  he  could  rc])rcsciit 
in  the  most  awful  manner  the  terrors  of  the  Lord. 
He  was  bold,  courageous,  ardent,  and  indepen- 
dent. A  number  of  Presbyterians,  both  among  the 
clergy  and  laity,  who  were  considered  as  mere 
formalists  in  religion,  violently  opposed  Mr. 
Whitefield  and  Mr.  T.  The  consequence  was 
that  the  synod  of  Philadelphia  was  split  into 
two  synods,  which  treated  each  other  with  great 
censoriousness.  At  length  Mr.  T.,  who  had  been 
principally  concerned  in  promoting  the  separa- 
tion, became  desirous  of  restoring  harmony,  and 
labored  with  great  industry  for  this  purpose.  His 
longest  and  most  elaborate  publication,  entitled 
the  peace  of  Jerusalem,  was  u])on  this  subject. 
The  synods  were  united  in  1758.  The  whole 
transaction  illustrates  his  character.    An  ardent 


TENNENT. 

love  to  what  1,1'  conceived  to  lie  truth  nnd  duty 
always  triumiihed  over  all  cousIiU'rationsof  a  per- 
Boiial  kind.  He  i)ul)li.slied  the  ri^'liteousness  of 
the  scrihcs  and  pharisees  considered ;  a  sermon 
on  justification ;  remarks  upon  a  jirotestation  to 
the  synod,  1711  ;  the  examiner  examined,  or  Gil- 
bert Tennent  liarmonious,  in  answer  to  .Mr.  Han- 
cock's pamphlet,  entitled  the  e.\amiuer,  or  Gilbert 
af^ainst  Tennent ;  three  sermons  on  holding  fast 
the  truth  af^ainst  the  Moravians;  at  the  ordina- 
tion of  C.  Beatty,  17i;5;  on  the  victory  of  the 
British  arms;  two  sermons  at  I'liiliideliihia,  on 
account  of  a  revival  of  religion  in  I'riuce's  Chris- 
tian history,  1744  ;  on  the  success  of  the  e.<wi)edi- 
tion  against  Louishurg;  discourses  on  several 
subjects,  on  tlio  nature  of  justification,  on  the  law, 
anJ  the  necessity  of  good  works  vhidlcatcd,  12nio., 
1745;  on  the  lawfulness  of  defensive  war,  1747; 
on  the  consistency  of  defensive  war  with  true 
Christianity ;  defensive  war  defended ;  a  fast  ser- 
mon; before  the  sacramental  solemnity,  1748 ; 
CBsay  on  the  peace  of  Jerusalem;  at  a  tli  nksgiv- 
ing;  on  the  displays  of  divine  justice  in  the  pro- 
pitiatory sacriiice  of  Christ,  1749;  sermons  on 
important  subjects,  adapted  to  the  ])resent  state 
of  the  British  nation,  8vo.,  17i58;  at  the  opening  of 
the  Presbyterian  church.  —  Asscmbli/s  Misn. 
Mag.  I.  238-248;  II.  4G. 

TENNENT,  William,  minister,  of  Freehold, 
N.  J.)  died  March  8,  1777,  aged  7^  lie  was  the 
brother  of  the  preceding,  and  was  born  in  Ireland, 
June  3,  1705.  lie  arrived  in  America  when  in 
the  14th  year  of  his  age.  Having  resolved  to  de- 
vote himself  to  the  ministry  of  the  goa])el,  his  in- 
tense application  to  the  study  of  theology  under 
the  care  of  his  brother  at  New  Brunswick  so  im- 
paired his  health  as  to  bring  on  a  decline.  He  be- 
came more  and  more  emaciated,  till  little  hojjc  of 
life  was  left.  At  length  he  fainted  and  apparently 
expired.  The  neighbors  were  invited  to  attend 
his  funeral  on  the  next  day.  In  the  evening  his 
physician,  a  young  gentleman  who  was  his  par- 
ticular friend,  returned  to  the  town  and  was  af- 
flicted beyond  measure  at  th.-  news  of  his  death. 
On  examining  the  body  he  attirmed  that  ho  felt 
an  unu.sual  warmth,  and  had  it  restored  to  a 
warm  bed,  and  the  funeral  delayed.  All  proba- 
ble means  were  used  to  restore  life ;  the  third 
day  arrived,  and  the  exertions  of  the  doctor  had 
as  yet  been  in  vain.  It  was  determined  by  the 
brother  that  the  funeral  should  now  be  attended, 
but  the  physician  requested  a  delay  of  one  hour, 
then  of  half  an  hour,  and  finally  of  a  quarter  of  an 
hour.  As  this  last  period  nearly  expired,  indica- 
tions of  hfe  were  discovered.  The  efforts  were 
now  renewed,  and  in  a  few  hours  Mr.  T.  was  re- 
stored to  life.  His  recovery,  however,  was  very 
slow ;  all  former  ideas  were  for  some  time 
blotted  out  of  his  mind,  and  it  was  a  year  before 
he  was  perfectly  restored.    To  his  friends  he  rc- 


TENNENT. 


r83 


peatedly  stated  that,  after  lie  hid  apparently 
<xpir('(l,  he  louiid  hini-cir  in  heaven,  wliiMc  lie  lie- 
hi'ld  a  glory  which  he  could  not  descrilie,  aid 
heard  songs  of  jiraise  before  this  glory  which 
were  uiuitterable.  lie  was  about  to  join  '.ho 
throng  when  one  of  tli;'  heavenly  me'-.riijjers 
said  to  him,  "  Yoi,  must  return  to  the  earth."  At 
this  instant  he  gronned  and  opem  d  bis  eyes  upon 
this  world.  Eor  three  years  afterwards  the 
sounds  which  lie  had  beard  were  not  out  of  his 
ears,  and  earthly  things  were  in  his  sight  as 
vanity  and  nothing. 

In  Oct.,  1733,  be  was  ordained  at  Freehold,  as 
the  successor  of  his  brother,  John  T.  It  w  as  not 
long  before  his  inattention  to  worldly  concerns 
brought  him  into  debt.  In  his  embarrassment  a 
friend  from  New  York  told  him  that  the  only 
remedy  was  to  gel  a  wife.  "  I  do  not  know  how 
to  go  about  it,"  was  the  answer.  "  'I'hen  I  will 
undertake  the  business,"  said  bis  tVjend  ;  "  I  have 
a  sister-in-law  in  the  city,  a  prudent  and  ]iioua 
widow."  The  next  evening  f  ■ind  Mr.  T.  in  New 
York,  and  the  day  after  be  was  introduced  to 
Mrs.  Noble.  Being  ])leascd  with  her  ajiiiearance, 
when  he  was  left  alone  with  her  he  abru])tly  told 
her  that  he  supposed  she  knew  his  erriMid,  that 
nehher  his  time  nor  inclination  W(ndd  suffer  liim 
to  use  much  ceremony,  and  that  if  she  pleased 
he  would  attend  his  charge  on  the  next  Sabbath, 
and  rctm-n  on  Monday  and  be  married.  With 
some  hesitation  the  lady  consented ;  and  she 
jjroved  an  invaluable  treasure  to  liim.  About  the 
year  1744,  when  the  faithful  jireaching  of  Mr.  T. 
and  John  Bowland  was  the  means  of  advancing 
in  a  very  remarkable  degree  the  cause  of  religion 
in  New  Jersey,  the  indignation  and  malice  of 
those  who  loved  darkness  rather  than  light,  and 
who  could  not  quietly  sidimit  to  have  their  Atlse 
security  shaken,  were  excited  against  these  ser- 
vants of  God.  There  was  at  this  time  prowling 
through  the  country  a  noted  man,  named  Tom 
Bell.  One  evening  he  arrived  at  a  tavern  in 
Princeton,  dressed  in  a  parson's  frock,  and  was 
immediately  accosted  as  Kev.  Mr.  ]iowland,wliom 
he  much  resembled.  This  mistake  was  suflicient 
for  him.  The  next  day  he  went  to  a  congrega- 
tion in  the  county  of  Hunterdon,  and,  declaring 
himself  to  be  Mr.  How  land,  was  invited  to  j)reach 
on  the  Sabbath.  As  he  was  riding  to  church  in 
the  family  wagon,  accomjianied  by  his  host  on  an 
elegant  horse,  he  discovered,  when  he  was  near 
the  church,  that  he  had  left  his  notes  behind,  and 
proposed  to  ride  back  i  ir  them  on  the  fine  horse. 
The  pioposal  was  agreed  to,  and  Bell,  after  re- 
turning to  the  house  and  rifling  the  desk,  made 
off  with  the  horse.  Mr.  Rowland  was  soon  in- 
dicted for  the  robbery,  but  it  happened  that  on 
the  very  day  in  which  the  robbery  w  as  committed 
he  was  in  I'eimsylvania  or  Maryland;  and  this 
circumstance  being  proved  by  the  testimony  of 


784 


TENNENT. 


TEXNEY. 


Mr.  T.  mill  two  othor  grntlpmcn,  wlio  accom])n- 
nied   liiin,  llic  jury  l)roiif;lit   in  a  verdict  of  not 
guilty,     .^lr.  Jtowiiiiid  could  not  iijjain  Uv  l)rou;;lit 
before  the  court  j  liut  tlie  witnesses  were  indicted 
for  wilful  and  corrujjt  perjury.     The  evidence  was 
very  strouff  against  them,  for  many  had  seen  the 
su])])()sed   Mr.   llowland    on    the   eU'gant    Iiorse. 
Mr.  T.  emjjloyed  .Tohn  Coxe,  an  eminent  hiwyer, 
to  conduct  his  defence.     He  went  to  Trenton  on 
the  day  aj)pointed,  and  tliere  found  Mr.  Smith  of 
New  York,  one  of  the  ablest  lawyers  in  .America, 
and  of  a  religious  eliaracter,  who  had  voluntarily 
attended   o  aid  in  his  defence.     He  found  also  at 
Trenton  his  brother  Gilbert,  from  l'hiladel])hia, 
with  Mr.  Kinsey,  one  of  the  first  eounselku's  in 
the  city.     Mr.  Tennent  was  asked  who  were  his 
witnesses ;  he  replied  that  he  had  none,  as  the 
persons  who  acconi])anied  him  were  also  indicted. 
He  was  jjressed  to  delay  the  trial,  as  he  would 
most  certaiidy  be  convicted;  but  he  insisted  that 
it  nhould  j)roceed,  as  he  trusted  in  God  to  vindi- 
cate his  innocence.     Mr.  Coxe  was  charging  Mr. 
T.  with  acting  the  j)art  of  an  enthusiast,  when 
the  bell  summoned  them  to  court.     The  latter 
had  not  walked  far  in  the  street,  before  he  was 
accosted  by  a  man  and  his  wife,  who  asked  him 
if  his  name  was  not  Tennent.     The  man  said 
that  he  lived  in  a  certain  place  in  Pennsylvania 
or  Maryland ;  that  Mr.  T.  and  Mr.  llowland  had 
lodged  at  his  house,  or  at  a  house  where  he  and 
his  wife  had  been  servants,  at  a  particular  time, 
and  on  the  next  day  preached  ;  that,  some  nights 
before  he  left  home,  he  and  his  wife  both  dreamed 
repeatedly  that  Mr.  T.  was  in  distress  at  Tren- 
ton, and  they  only  cotdd  relieve  him ;  and  that 
they  in  consequence  had  come  to  that  town,  and 
wished  to  know  what  they  had  to  do.     Mr.  T. 
led  them  to  the  court  house,  and  their  testimony 
induced  the  jury  to  bring  in  a  verdict  of  not 
guilty,  to  the  astonishment  of  his  enemies.     He 
was  well  skilled  in  theology,  and  professed  him- 
self  a   moderate   Calvinist.      The    doctrines   of 
man's  dejjravity,  the  atonement  of  Christ,  the 
necessity   of   the   all-powerful  influence   of   the 
Holy  Sj)irit  to  renew  the  heart,  in  consistency 
with  the  free  agency  of  the  sinner,  were  among 
the  leading  articles  of  his  liiith.    With  his  friends 
he  was  at  all  times  cheerful  and  pleasant.     He 
once  dined  in  comimiiy  with  Gov.  Livingston  and 
Mr.  Whitefit'ld,  when   tlie  latter  expressed  the 
consolation   he   found   in   believing,  amidst   the 
fatigues  of  the  day,  that  his  work  would  soon  be 
done,  and  that  he  should  depart  and  be  with 
Christ.     He  ajjpcalcd  to  Mr.  T.  whether  this  was 
not  his  comfort.     Mr.  T.  rci)lied  :  "  What  do  you 
think  I  shoidd   say  if  I  was  to  send  my  man, 
Tom,  into  the  field  to  ])lough,  and  at  noon  should 
find  liim  loungii;g   under  a  tree,  com])laining  of 
the  heat,  and  of  his  difficult  work,  and  begging 
to  be  discharged  of  liis   hard   service?    What 


should  I  say?  Why,  that  lie  was  an  idle,  Inzy 
fellow,  and  that  it  was  his  business  to  do  the 
work  that  I  had  apjiointcd  him."  He  was  the 
friend  of  the  ])oor.  The  public  lost  in  liini  a 
firm  asserter  of  the  civil  and  religious  rights  of 
i  his  country.  Few  men  have  ever  l)een  more 
j  holy  in  life,  more  submissive  to  the  will  of  (Jod 
under  heavy  afflictions,  or  more  ])eaceful  in  deaih. 
His  account  of  the  revival  of  religion  in  Freehold 
and  other  places  is  jniblished  in  Prince's  Chris- 
tian history. — Assciiibly's  Miss.  Miifj.  ii.  07-103 
14(1,  L'OL',  233. 

TENXEXT,  William,  minister  of  Norwalk, 
Conn.,  died  in  1777,  aged  about  40.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Princeton  in  17.58;  was  settled  in  17(13, 
the  successor  of  M.  Dickinson,  and  was  succeeded 
by  M.  Durnet. 

TEXXEY,  Hanikl,  died  at  Hopkinton,  X.H., 
in  181(),  aged  82;  a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary 
war,  whose  brother  was  killed  at  his  side  in  the 
battle  of  Hunker  Hill. 

TI'^XXEY,  Saxu'el,  M.  D.,  a  i)hysician  ana 
judge,  died  in  1816,  aged  about  Go.  He  was 
born  at  IJyfield,  Mass.,  and  graduated  at  Harvard 
college  in  1772.  Having  studied  physic,  he  rc- 
])aired  to  the  army  on  the  day  of  lirccd's  Hill 
battle,  and  was  emi)loycd  in  the  night  in  dress- 
ing the  wounded.  He  served  in  the  Ithode  Is- 
land line  during  the  war,  a{  the  close  of  which  ho 
settled  at  Exeter,  N.  H.,  but  did  not  resume  his 
profession.  He  was  judge  of  probate  from  1793 
till  1800,  when  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
congress.  He  was  a  man  of  literature,  and  sci- 
ence, and  religion.  In  the  collections  of  the 
historical  society  he  pid)lishcd  an  account  of  Exe- 
ter, and  communications  in  various  journals. 

Tharltcr. 

TEXXEY,  David,  a  missionary,  died  at  Shoal 
Creek,  111.,  Oct.  21,  1819,  aged  34;  a  native  of 
Massachusetts. 

TEXXEY,  Taiutiia,  the  widow  of  Dr.  Sam- 
uel T.,  died  at  Exeter,  N.  II.,  in  1837,  aged  70. 
Her  father  was  Samuel  Gilman  ;  her  motlier  was 
of  the  name  of  llobinson.  She  published  the 
new  pleasing  instructor  ;  female  quixotism,  2  vols., 
1829.  —  Vtjd.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

TEXXEY,  (,'ai.kh  Jkwktt,  D.  D.,  died  at 
Northampton,  Mass.,  Se])t.  28,  1847,  aged  07. 
lie  was  a  son  of  William  T.,  of  Hollis,  X.  H.,  a 
descendant  of  Thomas,  who  came  over  l'ron\  V.wa- 
land  with  llev.  E.  Itogers  in  1038,  and  settled  at 
llowley.  His  mother  was  Phebe  Jeweffcof  Itow- 
ley.  He  was  born  in  Hollis  May  3, 17S0.  At  the 
age  of  twelve  a  good  Providence  jjreserved  his 
life,  as  the  wheel  of  a  cart,  loaded  with  wood, 
went  over  him,  across  liis  hij)s  as  he  lay  on  his 
face.  lie  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1801,  re- 
ceiving the  highest  appointment,  the  valedictory 
oration,  at  commencement.  Daniel  Webster  was 
a  member  of  his  class.    He  had  become  pious  at 


TERllELL. 

the  age  of  sixteen,  in  consequence  of  reading  Da- 
vies'  sermons,  by  request  of  his  mother.     Having 
studied  theology  a  little  while  with  ])rs.  Hurton 
and  Sjjring,  he  was  ordained  at  Newport,  li.  I., 
in  September,  1804,  as  successor  of  Dr.  Hopkins, 
and  there  remained  twelve  years :  and  there  he 
married   liuth  Channing,  the  daughter  of  John 
Channing.     For   twenty-four  years   he  was   the 
minister  of  Wethersficld,  Conn.,  from   1816  to 
18-10,  although  from  ill  health  he  ceased  to  preach 
in  18.33.     So  successful  were  his  labors  in  1820 
and  1821,  that  two  hundred  persons  were  added 
to  his  church.     Ilis  predecessors  in  this  ancient 
town  were  H.  Smith,  Russell,  Uulkley,  Ilowland- 
Bon,  Woodbridge,  Mix,  Lockwood,  Marsh.    Re- 
moving in    1842  to  Northampton,  he   there  suf- 
fered the  great  affliction  of  the  death  of  his  wife. 
His  last  years  were  spent  in  the  acceptable  ser- 
vice of  the  colonization  society.    He  was  a  learned 
theologian  and  a  useful  preacher,  doctrinal,  in- 
structive, solemn,  aiTectionate,    and   earnest;    a 
judicious  and  faithful  pastor ;  and  a  man  of  emi- 
nent and  steady  piety,  amiable,  just,  and  gener- 
ous, a  true  philanthrojjist.    He  was  sick  but  one 
week,  and  not  thought  dangerous  till  just  before 
he  died.    He  said,  "  I  liave  a  comfortable  hope." 
His  wife,  Ruth,  the  daughter  of  John  Channing, 
of  Newport,  died  in  1842,  aged  CO  :  his  daughter, 
Ruth,  has  died   since  his  decease.     Ilis  diary  is 
preserved.    He  published  a  sermon  on  baptism; 
at  ordination  of  R.  Robbins,  1816  ;  New  England 
distinguished,  1827  ;  on  the  death  of  Dr.  ^larsh, 
1821;   of   Dr.    Austin,    1830;    of   A.   Mitchell, 
1832. — N.  ¥.  Observer,  Aiml  1,  1848;  Sprague's 
Annals. 

TERRELL,  William,  M.  D.,  died  in  Sparta, 
Geo.,  July  4,  185*3  ;  a  member  of  congress  from 
1817  to  1821.  He  took  an  interest  in  agricul- 
ture, and  in  1803  made  a  liberal  donation  of 
20,000  dollars  to  found  an  agricultural  professor- 
ship in  the  university  of  Georgia. 

TERRY,  Natiianikl,  died  at  his  son's  in  New 
Haven  June  14,  1844,  aged  76.  A  graduate  of 
Yale  in  1786,  he  lived  in  Hartford,  and  was  a 
member  of  congress,  a  useful  and  resjiected  man. 
His  father  was  Ephraim  of  Enfield,  who  married 
Ann  Collins,  the  daughter  of  Rev.  N.  Collins,  and 
a  descendant  by  her  mother,  Alice  Adams,  from 
Gov.  Bradford.  Besides  Seth  Terry  of  Hartford, 
he  had  brothers,  Samuel,  Ej)hraiin,  Elijah,  Eli- 
plialet. 

TERRY,  Eli,  died  at  Terrysville,  Conn, ,  Feb. 
24, 1852,  aged  80  ;  the  most  e.\tensive  clock  man- 
ufacturer in  the  United  States. 

TESCHEMACIIER,  J.  E.,  died  in  1853;  a 
geologist  and  naturalist. 

TETARD,    Lewis,  a   professor  in  Columbia 

college,  N.  Y.,  died   in   1787.    He  came  from 

Switzerland,  and  was  the  minister  of  the  French 

church  in  New  York,  and  a  chaplain  in  the  army. 

99 


TIUCIIER. 


785 


THACHER,  Thomas,  first  minister  of  the  old 
south  church  in  Boston,  died  Oct.  15,  107H,  a^od 
58.     The  son  of  Rev.  I'cter  T.  of  Old  Siirum,  ho 
was  born  in  England  May  1,  1620,  and  arrived 
in  this  country  June  4,  1635.     He  pursued  big 
studies  under  the  direction  of  Chauiicy.     Jan.  2,_ 
1644,  he  was  ordained  minister  of  Weymouth ; 
but  after  the  death  of  his  wife  in  1664  ho  was  in- 
duced to  remove  to  Boston.     AVhcn  a  new  church 
was  formed  out  of  the  first  by  persons  displeased 
with    the    settlement   of   Mr.   Davenport,   Mr. 
Thacher  was  installed  its  pastor  Feb.  16,  1670. 
His  colleague,  Mr.  Willard,  survived  him.     His 
wife  was   a   daughter  of  Rev.  Italph   Partridge. 
His  son,  Ralph,  was  a  minister  at  Martha's  Vine- 
yard.    Being  well  skilled  in  the  Hebrew,  he  com- 
posed a  lexicon  of  the  principal  words   in  that 
language.     President  Stiles  speaks  of  him  as  the 
best  Arabic  scholar  in  the  country.     As  a  jjreacher 
he  was  very  popular,  being   remarkably  fervent 
and  copious  in  jjraycr.    He  was  also  a  physician. 
He  published  a  fast  sermon,  1674  ;  a  brief  rule 
to  guide  the  common  peoj)lc  in  the  small  jjox 
and  measles,  1077;  2d  ed.,  1702.  —  Maynalia, 
III.  148-153  ;  Sprague's  Annals. 

THACHER,  Pktek,  first  muiister  of  Milton, 
the  son  of  the  ju'cccding,  died  Dec.  17, 1727,  aged 
76.     He  was  born  at  Salem  in   1651,  and  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1671.     In  a  few 
years  he  went  to  England,  where  he  became  ac- 
([uainted  with  a  number  of  eminent  divines.     On 
his  return  he  was  ordained  at   Milton,  June  1, 
1681.     His  successor  was  John  Taylor.     His  wife 
was  Theodora,  daughter  of  Rev.   John  Oxen- 
bridge  ;  his  second  wife,  the  widow  of  Rev.  J. 
Bailey;    his  third,  the  widow   of  J.    Gee.     His 
daughter  by  his  first  wife  married  Rev.  S.  Miles. 
In  his  natural  temper  there  was  a  great  deal  of 
vivacity,  which  gave  an  interest  to  his  conversa- 
tion and  to  his  public  performances.    While  he 
was  cheerful  and   affable,   he  was  eminent   for 
sanctity  and  benevolence.    Besides  the  ordinpry 
labors  of  the  Lord's  day  he  jjreached  a  monthly 
lecture,  and  encouraged  the  private  meetings  of 
his   neighuors   for   religious   purposes.     Having 
studied  the  Indian  language,  he  also  at  a  monthly 
lecture  imparted  to  the  Indians  of  a  neighboring 
village  the  gosj)el  of  salvation.     Beinjj  a  ])hysi- 
cian,  his  benevolence  prompted  him  to  expend  a 
great  part  of  his  yearly  salary  in  the  purchase  of 
medicines  for  the  sick  and  indigent.     His  death 
was  sudden.     The  last  words  which  he   uttered 
were,  "  I  am  going  to  Christ  in  glory."    He  pub- 
lished unbelief  detected  and  condenmed,  to  vhich 
is  added  the  treasures  of  the  fathers  inheritable 
by  their  posterity,  1708;  election  sermon,  1711; 
Chri.st's  forgiveness  a  pattern,  1712  ;  on  the  death 
of  Samuel  Man,  1719;  a  divine  riddle,  he  that  is 
weak  is  strong,  1723;  the  perpetual  covenant.  — 
Sprague's  Annals. 


786 


THACHER. 


TIIACHER. 


THACHER,  Ralph,  was  a  minister  at  Mar- 
tha's Vineyard  in  1G07  ;  diHmisflecl  in  1714.  Hi- 
was  the  son  of  Rev.  Thomas,  of  Boston.  His 
successors  were  Holmes,  lioardman,  and  Jona- 
than Smith,  ordained  in  1788  ;  Joseph  Thaxter 
was  then  pastor  of  Edgartown. 

THACHER,  Pkter,  minister  in  Boston,  died 
Feb.  26,  1739,  aged  61.  He  was  bom  in  that 
town,  the  son  of  Rev.  Thomas  T.,  and  was  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  college  in  1696.  While  a  mem- 
ber of  college  it  j)leased  a  sovereign  God  to  give 
him  a  deep  sense  of  his  sin,  and  at  length  to  in- 
spire him  with  a  cheerful  faith  in  the  Saviour. 
After  living  at  Hatfield  some  time  as  a  school- 
~  master,  he  was  settled  in  the  ministry  at  Wey- 
mouth, where  he  remained  eleven  or  twelve 
years.  He  was  installed  pastor  of  the  new  north 
church  in  Boiiton,  as  colleague  with  Mr.  Webb, 
Jan.  27,  1720.  In  consequence  of  some  divisions 
in  the  society,  and  some  irregularity  in  the  meas- 
ures which  were  adopted  to  obtain  Mr.  Thacher, 
the  association  refused  to  assist  in  his  settlement. 
He  possessed  a  strong  masterly  genius.  Mr. 
Cooper  calls  him  the  evangelical  reasoner.  In 
the  gift  of  prayer  he  was  almost  unequalled. 
During  his  last  sickness  he  was  cheerful,  for  he 
hoped  in  the  mercy  of  God  through  the  Re- 
deemer. He  published  the  election  sermon,  1726, 
and  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  Mrs.  Gee.  — 
Sprague's  Annals, 

THACHER,  Peter,  minister  of  Middlebor- 
ough,  Mass.,  died  April  22,  1744,  aged  55.  He 
was  the  son  of  Rev.  P.  Thacher,  of  Milton.  He 
was  bom  Oct.  6, 1688,  and  was  graduated  at  Har- 
vard college  in  1706.  After  preaching  two  years 
in  Middleborough,  he  was  ordained  Nov.  2, 1709. 
He  was  succeeded  by  Sylvester  Conant.  He 
was  very  distinguished  for  the  sanctity  of  his  life. 
At  one  period  his  faithful  exertions  as  a  minister 
were  the  means  of  adding  near  two  hundred 
members  to  his  church  in  less  than  three  years. 
He  published  an  account  of  the  revival  of  religion 
in  Middleborough,  in  the  Christian  history,  where 
is  a  minute  account  of  his  life  by  Mr.  Prince.  — 
Recorder,  Feb.  9,  1843. 

THACHER,  OXENBRIDGE,  a  representative  of 
Boston  in  the  general  court,  died  July  8,  1765, 
aged  45.  He  was  the  son  of  Oxenbridge  T.,  who 
died  in  1772,  aged  92,  and  grandson  of  Rev. 
Peter  T.,  of  Milton.  He  was  graduated  at  Har- 
vard college  in  1738.  He  was  a  learned  man 
and  good  writer.  He  published  a  pamphlet  on 
the  gold  coin,  1760 ;  and  the  sentiments  of  a  Brit- 
ish American,  occasioned  by  the  act  to  lay  cer- 
tain duties  in  the  British  colonies,  1764. 

THACHER,  Roland,  minister  of  Wareham, 
died  in  1775,  aged  about  63.  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1733. 

THACHER,  Peter,  minister  of  Attleborough, 
Mass.,  died  in  1785,  aged  69.    The  son  of  Peter 


T.  of  Middleborough,  he  graduntod  at  Ilnivnrd 
in  1737,  and  wns  ordained  in  17tH.  lit-  jjiih- 
.ishcd  a  .sermon  on  tlu'  death  of  II.  Weld,  17HL', 
A  volume  of  his  sermons  was  published  aftir  his 
death. 

THACHER,  Peter,  I).  D.,  minister  in  Boston, 
the  son  of  Oxenbridge  T.,  died  Dec.  16, 1H02,  ngcd 
50.  He  wns  l)orn  in  Milton,  March  21,  1752, 
and  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1709. 
Sept.  19,  1770,  he  was  ordained  the  minister  of 
Maiden.  As  a  preacher  he  was  admired.  His 
oratorical  powers,  his  fluency  in  prayer,  and  the 
pathos  of  his  expression  were  applauded  by  the 
serious  and  inteUigent,  and  rendered  him  uncom- 
monly acceptable  to  the  multitude.  No  young 
man  preached  to  such  crowded  asscmbhes.  Mr. 
Whitefield,  in  his  prayers,  called  liim  the  young 
Elijah.  Being  a  strict  Calvinist  in  his  sentiments, 
he  contended  zealously  for  the  faith  of  his  fathers. 
When  the  controversy  began  with  Great  Britain 
he  exerted  himself  in  tho  pulpit,  in  conversation, 
and  in  other  ways,  to  support  the  rights  of  his 
country.  He  was  a  delegate  from  Maiden  to  the 
convention  which  formed  the  constitution  of 
Massachusetts  in  1780.  Being  democratic  in  his 
sentiments,  he  contended  that  there  should  be  no 
governor ;  and,  when  a  decision  was  made  con-" 
trary  to  his  wishes,  he  still  made  objections  to  the 
title  of  Excellency,  given  to  the  chief  magistrate. 
But  afterwards,  as  he  became  better  acquainted 
with  the  policy  of  government,  he  was  warmly  at- 
tached to  those  parts  of  the  constitution  which  he 
had  once  disapproved.  He  was  installed  minister 
of  the  church  in  Brattle  street,  Boston,  as  suc- 
cessor of  Dr.  Cooper,  Jan.  12,  1785,  and  in  this 
vineyard  of  the  Lord  he  continued  till  his  death. 
Being  afilicted  with  a  pulmonary  complaint,  his 
physicians  recommended  the  milder  air  of  a  more 
southern  climate.  He  accorcUngly  sailed  for  Sa- 
vannah, where  he  died.  He  was  succeeded  by 
Mr.  Buckminster.  Just  before  he  set  sail  from 
Boston,  he  was  visited  by  Dr.  Stillman,  to  whom 
he  expressed  his  belief  that  he  should  not  recover, 
and  said,  with  peculiar  energy  :  "  The  doctrines  I 
have  preached  are  now  my- only  comfort.  My 
hopes  are  built  on  the  atonement  and  righteous- 
ness of  Christ."  The  last  words  which  he  uttered 
were, "  Jesus  Christ,  my  Saviour."  In  the  cliamber 
of  sickness  he  was  remarkably  acceptable.  To  the 
distressed  and  afflicted  his  voice  was  that  of  an  angel 
of  comfort.  In  prayer  he  was  uncommonly  elo- 
quent, uttering  in  impressive  and  pathetic  lan- 
guage the  devout  feelings  of  his  own  heart,  and 
exciting  deep  emotions  in  the  hearts  of  his  hear- 
ers. He  published  an  oration  against  standing 
armies,  March  5,  1776 ;  on  the  death  of  A.  El- 
liot, 1778;  three  sermons  in  proof  of  the  eternity 
of  future  punishment,  1782 ;  observations  on  the 
state  of  the  clergy  in  New  England,  with  stric- 
tures upon  the  power  of  dismissing  them  usurped 


\  i 


THACHER. 

l)y  (tome  churclies,  17H3;    a   reply  to  Rtrictures  I 
u|)on   the   pri-cediriff :  on  the  death  of  J.  I'aiiie,  ! 
17H.S;  of  (Jov.  nov'doin,  1791  :  of  Gov.  Hancork,  | 
17!>.');  of  S.  Stinman.jim.,  17i)4  ;  of  T.  RuhrcII 
and  N.  Gorhani,  1790;  of   Dr.  Clarke  and  llc- 
bccea  Gill,    1798;    of   Gov.    Sumner,    1799;  of 
Washington,  1800;  at  the  ordination  of  E.  Kel- 
logg,  1788;  of  W.  F.  Rowland,  1790;  at   the 
ordination  of  his  son,  T.  C.  Thacher,  1794;  me- 
moirs of  Dr.  Boylston,  1789;  before  the  Mnsita- 
chusetts  Congregational  charitable  society,  1795; 
before  a  society  of  freemasons,  1797  ;  at  the  artil- 
lery election,  1798;  a  century  sermon,  1799. — 
Sprague's  Annals. 

TIIACHEU,  Thomas,  minister  of  Dedham, 
Mass.,  brother  of  the  jjreceding,  was  graduated 
at  Harvard  college  in  1775,  and  died  Oct.  19, 
1812,  aged  56.  lie  published  a  sermon  on  be- 
nevolence, 1784;  at  a  thanksgiving,  1795;  on 
the  death  of  N.  Robbing,  1795 ;  of  Washington, 
1800 ;  after  the  execution  of  J.  Fairbanks,  1801 ; 
on  death  of  S.Adams,  1804;  at  Christmas,  1799; 
at  the  ordination  of  £.  Dunbar ;  of  J.  Tucker- 
man  ;  before  the  humane  society,  1800 ;  century 
sermon,  1801;  Dudleian  lecture,  1805;  at  the 
dedication  of  Miltp^i  academy,  1807 ;  at  a  fast; 
character  of  Dr.  West,  1808. 

THACHER,  Samuel  Cooper,  minister  in 
Boston,  died  Jan.  2,  1818,  aged  32.  He  was  the 
son  of  Rev.  Peter  T. ;  was  born  Dec.  14,  1785; 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1804;  and 
in  1806  went  to  Europe  with  Mr.  Buckminster. 
He  was  ordained  as  the  successor  of  J.  T.  Kirk- 
land  in  Boston  May  15,  1811,  and  died  in  Mou- 
lins  in  France,  whither  he  went  for  his  health. 
He  published  a  memoir  of  Mr.  Buckminster,  and 
many  reviews  in  the  monthly  anthology,  that  of 
the  constitution  of  Andover  theological  seminary 
exciting  the  most  attention.  After  his  death  a 
volume  of  sermons,  with  a  memoir,  was  published, 
8vo.,  1824. 

THACHER,  George,  judge,  died  at  Bidde- 
ford,  iMe.,  in  1824,  aged  about  70.  He  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1776,  and  was  a  member  of  con- 
gress, and  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Mas- 
sachusetts. He  had  wit  and  humor  and  self- 
command.  When  in  congress,  a  bill  was  reported 
in  respect  to  the  eagle  to  be  imprinted  on  the 
American  coin.  He  opposed  it,  saying,  the  eagle 
was  a  royal  bird,  not  suitable  for  our  democracy  ; 
but  the  figure  of  a  goose  would  be  very  proper 
to  be  stamped  on  the  dollar,  in  which  case  gos- 
lings would  be  right  for  the  dimes.  It  is  said 
that  he  was  challenged  for  this  speech  by  the  re- 
porter of  the  bill ;  and  that  he  replied  to  the 
second,  that  he  would  write  a  note  consulting 
Mrs.  Thacher  on  the  subject :  in  the  mean  while 
the  challenger  might  mark  his  size  on  a  wall  and 
fire  at  it  with  a  pistol,  and,  if  he  hit  it,  he  would 


THAXTF.n. 


787 


acknowledge  that  he  was  shot.     This  ended  the 
matter. 

TlIAClir.H,  I'lTKK  ()..  iudge,  died  in  Bonton 
Vvh.  '22.  INI.'i.  'I'lic  son  of  l)r.  T.,  lu'  was  born 
in  Maiden  in  177t) ;  gruduiitcd  at  Harvard  in 
1796;  and  was  nppointeil  a  jlld^'u  of  the  muni- 
ci|ial  court  in  Boston  in  lNi;;i,  in  which  office  he 
faithfully  served  for  twenty  years,  much  respected 
for  his  integrity  and  humanity. 

THACHER,  James,  Dr.,  died  at  Plymouth 
May  24,  1844,  aged  90.  He  was  born  in  Burn- 
stable.  A  surgeon  in  the  Revolutionary  army, 
he  was  present  in  the  i)rinci])al  battles.  At  the 
close  of  the  war  he  settled  in  Plymouth  as  a  sur- 
geon, and  wa.s  eminent  and  in  successful  practice 
during  most  of  his  life.  He  was  a  pul)lic-  sjjirited, 
disinterested  citi/cn.  He  published  u  military 
journal ;  new  dispensatory ;  on  hydrophobia ; 
modern  practice  of  ])liysic ;  American  orchardist, 
1822;  American  medical  biography,  2  vols.  8vo., 
1828;  on  the  management  of  bees;  on  demou- 
ology,  ghosts,  etc.,  1831;  history  of  Plymouth, 
1832;  also  communications  to  societies  and  peri- 
odicals.—  Williams'  Med.  Bioff. 

THACHER,  Thomas  C,  minister  of  Lynn, 
Mass.,  died  in  lH4i),  aged  79.  The  son  of  Dr. 
Peter  T.  of  Boston,  he  graduated  at  llarvoid  in 
1790,  and  was  pastor  from  1704  to  !Si3,  being 
succeeded  by  Isaac  llurd. 

THACHER,  Washington,  un  agent  of  the 
American  home  missionary  society,  died  at  Utica 
June  29,  1850,  aged  56.  A  native  of  Attlebor- 
ougb,  Mass.,  he  was  a  descendant  of  Thomas 
Tliacher  of  Boston.  His  ministerial  life  was 
earnest  and  useful. 

THATCHER,  Orlando  G.,  minister  of  Brad- 
ford, X.  H.,  died  in  1837,  aged  39.  lie  gradu- 
ated at  Dartmouth  in  1823. 

THATCHER,  Benjamin  B.,  died  in  Boston 
July  14,  1840,  aged  30,  after  a  year  of  illness. 
Born  in  Maine,  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin  college 
in  1826,  he  was  eminent  for  talents  and  acquire- 
ments. His  father,  Samuel,  was  a  member  of 
congress.  He  wrote  during  ten  years  for  the 
reviews ;  he  wrote  j)oetry  with  skill ;  and  he 
j)ublished  a  history  of  the  Indians. 

THAXTER,  Thomas,  the  ancestor  of  the 
Thaxters  of  Hingham  and  its  vicinity,  five'!  there 
as  early  as  1638,  and  died  in  1654.  His  son 
John,  who  died  in  1687,  had  twelve  children,  of 
whom  Samuel  was  a  colonel  and  councillor,  one 
of  whose  daughters,  lilizabeth,  married  first 
Capt.  John  Norton,  then  Col.  Benjamin  Lincoln, 
the  father  of  Gen.  B.  Lincoln.  —  Lincoln's  Ilist. 
of  Jlingham. 

THAXTER,  Thomas,  a  physician  in  Hing- 
ham, died  in  1813,  aged  64. 

THAXTER,  Joseph,  minister  of  Edgartown, 
Martha's  Vineyard,  died  July    18,   1827,  aged 


788 


TIIAXTER. 


THOMAS. 


about  83.  He  was  the  last  of  tlic  Revolutionary 
chaplains.  liorn  in  Hingham,  he  gtaduutcd  at 
Han-anl  in  1708,  and  wos  ordained  Nov.  8,  1780. 
His  predecessors  were  T.  Mayhew,  J.  Dunham, 
S.  Wiswall  from  1713  to  1740,  J.  Newman  from 
1747  to  1758,  8.  Kingsbury  from  1701  to  1778. 
As  to  other  ministers  on  the  Vineyard,  J. 
Mayhew  was  the  first  at  Tisljury  ;  then  Torrey, 
Hancock,  Damon,  Morse,  Hatch  ;  and  II.  Thachcr, 
the  first  at  Chilmaik ;  then  Holmes,  Boardman, 
Smith.  — Hist.  Coll.,  second  series,  vol.  in. 

THAXTEll,  KoBERT,  M.  D.,  died  at  Dor- 
chester, of  ship  fever,  in  1832,  aged  73.  He  was 
the  son  of  Dr.  Thomas,  an  eminent  physician  of 
Hingham,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1708. 
[n  1802  he  settled  in  Hingham,  but  removed  to 
Dorchester  in  1809.  For  thirty  years  he  was  not 
kept  from  business  one  day  by  illness. 

THAYER,  Ezra,  minister  at  Ware  River, 
died  in  1773,  aged  about  40.  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1754. 

THAYER,  Ebenezer,  minister  of  Hampton, 
N.  H.,  died  in  1792,  aged  58;  supposed  to  have 
been  a  descendant  of  Nathaniel,  an  early  settler 
of  Boston.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1733, 
and  was  tutor  from  1760  to  1766,  when  he  was 
ordained  the  successor  of  Ward  Cotton.  He 
was  succeeded  by  J.  Appleton.  Some  of  the 
previous  ministers  were  J.  Wheelwright  and  Sea- 
bom  Cotton.  He  was  the  father  of  Rev.  Dr. 
Nathaniel  T. 

THAYER,  Ebenezer,  first  minister  of  the  sec- 
ond churchin  Roxbury,  diedin  1 733,  aged  about  43. 
Born  in  Boston,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1708 
and  was  settled  in  1712 ;  succeeded  by  N.  Wal- 
ter. He  published  two  sermons,  on  the  first  and 
last  days  of  the  year,  1722;  at  election,  1725. 

THAYER,  ELrau,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Kings- 
ton, N.  H.,  died  in  1812,  aged  63.  Bom  in 
Braiutree,  the  son  of  Nathaniel,  he  graduated  at 
Princeton  in  1769,  and  was  settled  in  1776.  He 
was  a  good  scholar  and  excellent  minister.  He 
fitted  many  young  men  for  college.  His  wife 
was  a  daughter  of  Colonel  John  Calef  of  Kings- 
ton )  by  her  he  had  six  sons  and  five  daughters. 
He  published  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  Gov. 
Bartlett,  1793;  a  summary  of  Christian  doc- 
trines and  duties.  A  volume  of  his  sermons  was 
published,  1813.  —  Sprague's  Annals. 

THAYER,  Nathaniel,  D.D.,  died  at  Roches- 
ter, N.  Y.,  June  23,  1840,  aged  71;  pastor  of  the 
church  of  Lancaster,  Mass.  He  was  born  at 
Hampton,  N.  H. ;  graduated  at  Harvard  college 
in  17C9;  and  was  ordained  in  1793.  His 
mother  was  a  daughter  of  Rev.  J.  Cotton  of 
Newton.  He  was  a  man  of  talents  and  acquire- 
ments. More  than  twenty  of  his  occasional  dis- 
courses were  published ;  among  them,  to  masons, 
1797;  artillery  election,  1798;  at  instalJotion  of 
\y.  Emerson,  1799;   ordination  of  S.  Willard, 


1807  J  at  a  fast ;  on  death  of  F.  Gardner,  181 1 ;  on 
leaving  old  nicctinfj-liouNe,  1817 ;  at  ck'tlion, 
1823;  at  a  dedication,  1828;  at  thanksgiving, 
1828  ;  at  Townsend,  Feb.  10,  1828. 

TIIAYER,  Cauolini;  Matilda,  Mrs.,  died  in 
Louisiana  in  1844,  a  grnnd-daughtcr  of  Gen. 
Worren.  She  was  a  writer  for  periodicals,  in 
prose  and  poetry. 

THAYER,  MiNOTT,  died  at  Braintrec,  Mass., 
in  1850,  aged  85;  a  useful  citizen,  and  for  years 
a  representative  of  the  town.  Families  of  the 
name  of  Thayer  were  among  the  early  settlers ; 
Richard,  son  of  Richard  of  Boston,  and  Thomas, 
lived  in  Braintrec  in  1630 ;  and  from  the  latter 
there  were  between  two  thousand  and  three 
thousand  descendants. 

THOMAS,  William,  one  of  the  fathers  of 
Plymouth,  died  at  Marshfield  in  1031,  aged  70. 
He  came  to  Plymouth  in  1630.  He  was  an  as- 
sistant seven  years.  His  son,  Nathaniel,  who 
served  in  Philip's  war,  died  in  1718,  aged  74. 

THOMAS,  JouN,  an  Indian,  remarkable  for 
longevity,  died  at  Natick,  Mass.,  in  1727,  aged 
1 10.  He  was  among  the  first  of  the  praying  In- 
dians. He  joined  the  church,  when  it  was  first 
gathered  at  Natick  by  Mr.  Eliot,  and  was  exem- 
plary through  life.  —  Belknap. 

THOMAS,  John,  a  major-general  in  the 
American  army,  died  May  30,  1776.  Ho  de- 
scended from  a  respectable  family  in  the  county 
of  Plymouth,  Mass.,  and  served  in  the  war  of  1750, 
against  the  French  and  Indians,  with  reputation. 
In  April,  1775,  residing  at  Kingston,  Mass.,  he 
raised  a  regiment  and  marched  to  Roxbury.  He 
was  soon  appointed  by  congress  a  brigadier-gen- 
eral, and  during  the  siege  of  Boston  he  com- 
manded a  division  of  the  provincial  troops  at 
Roxbury.  In  March,  1776,  he  was  appointed 
major-general,  and  after  the  death  of  Montgom- 
ery was  intrusted  with  the  command  in  Canada. 
He  joined  the  army  before  Quebec  on  the  first 
of  May,  but  soon  found  it  necessary  to  raise  the 
siege  and  commence  his  retreat.  He  died  of  the 
small-pox  at  Chamblee.  On  his  death  the  com- 
mand devolved  for  a  few  days  on  Arnold,  and 
then  on  Gen.  Sullivan.  His  aid-de-camp  was 
Maj.  Joshua  Thomas,  judge  of  probate,  who  died 
at  Plymouth  in  Jan.,  1821.  Gen.  T.  was  a  man 
of  sound  judgment  and  fixed  courage,  and  was 
beloved  by  his  soldiers  and  amiable  in  the  rela- 
tions of  private  life. 

THOMAS,  James  A.,  died  in  Tatnall  county, 
Ga.,  April  11,  1804,  aged  133.  Ho  was  temper- 
ate, and  he  retained  his  eyesight  and  his  facul- 
ties to  the  last. 

THOMAS,  John,  a  physician,  died  in  1818, 
aged  00.  He  was  born  in  Plymouth,  Mass., 
April  1, 1758,  and  was  appointed  rjjrgeon  in  the 
army,  1770,  on  the  resignation  of  his  father. 
He  and  a  brother,  a  captain,  seivcd  during  the 


THOMAS. 


TIIOMrSOX. 


789 


whole  war,  lit  the  close  of  \jliiih  ho  settled  at '  Raker,  Cushlng,  rUclicr,  Hourne,  Oronvcnor,  and 
I'oiiKhkeepsie,  X.  Y.,  where   he  (lied.     In    his    Duwch. 


conduct  he  was  honoralile,  just,  and  heiievolent. 
For  wit  imd  lunnor  he  was  unrivalled,  t'ol. 
Win.  North  relatcN,  that  once  at  dinner  at  head- 
quarterN,  l)r,  T.  told  a  story,  which  caused  (Jen. 
Washiiij^ton  to  Inuijh  heartily  ;  it  was  concerniii}; 


TllOM.VS,  Damii,,  minister  of  South  .Vhin^- 
ton,  died  Jan.  .'»,  1mi7,  a-cd  (is.  A  memoir  of 
him,  written  with  ^reat  skill  and  lieauty,occii|,ieH 
two  columns  of  the  Itoston  llcrorder  of  Vvh.  IN. 
\   native  of    Middlehoroufjh,    he    ^'rnduated   at 


an  iii(|uisitivc  Vii"'  'c  at  Taunton,  who  journeyed  Urown  university  in  lK();i,  and  was  ordained  Juno 
to  lUiodo  Islana  to  see  llochamheau'H  Vrtneh  |  1,  IHOH,  the  first  inister  of  South  Ahin^jton. 
army,  and  who  on  lii.s  return  said:  "The  fools,  j  He  was  a  clear,  intellif^ent  preacher:  the  gospel 
who  call  a  hat  a  rhaprnn:  why  couldn't  they  call  with  him  was  a  theme  of  iii'lfahli'  love.  In  his 
it  a  hat  at  once,  and  done  with  it  P"  |  person   he  was   neat,  immaculate:  he  was  tall 

THOMAS,  Thomas,  general,  a  patriot  and  and  thin,  his  dark  eye  hcamed  kindly,  his  swell- 
ofticer  of  the  Ucvolution,  died  in  Wcstciiestcr  j  ing  forehead  was  shaded  with  veneralile  locks, his 
CO.,  N.  Y.,  in  1824,  aged  HO.  j  sallow  features  wasted  hy  toil  and  age.     He  was 

THOMAS,  Isaiah,  LL.l).,  an  eminent  printer,  never  married;  Init,  hetrolhed  to  a  very  lovely 
died  at  Worcester,  Mass.,  Ajjtil  4,  1831,  aged  82.    woman  of  iiis  own  jiarish,  whose  illness  contin- 


ue was  a  descendant  of  Peter  of  lioston,  who 
was  born  ui  1082,  the  son  of  George.  The  son 
of  Moses  T.,  he  was  born  in  Uoston  in  1749.  His 
father  being  dead,  he  was  at  the  age  of  six  ap- 


ued  for  thirty-seven  years,  he  all  this  time  cher- 
ished her  affection,  was  true,  gentle,  and  happy  in 
this  trial!  He  published  an  oration,  1810;  a 
letter  to  J.  Norton  on  the  Trinity,  1815  ;  at  the 


prenticed   to  Z.  Fowle,  a  printer,  and  remained  i  funeral  of  J.  W.  Dawes,  1824. 

with  him  eleven  years.    In   1770  he  published  I     THOMAS,  Piiii.kmo.v,  general,  died  at  Haton 

the  Massachusetts  Spy  in  Uoston.    For  an  arti-   llouge  Nov.  18,  1847,  aged  83.     llcwasamcra- 

clc  in  Ids  paper  in   1771,  Gov.  Hutchinson   and   her  of  congress.     He   lieaded   the   insurrection 

council  ordered  Thomas  to  apjicar,  but  he  c.x-   against  Spain  in  West  FTorida. 

pressly  refused  to  go ;  the  attorney-general  then,     THOMAS,  Calvix,   M.  I).,  died   at  Tyngs- 

prnsented  in  vain  a  bill  of  indictment  to  the  grand  I  borough,  Mass.,  in  18ol,  aged  85 


jury,  and  next  was  directed  to  fde  an  information 
against  him  ;  but  such  resistance  was  made  that 
the  measure  was  dropped.  In  1775  he  removed 
his  press  to  Worcester,  where  he  printed  the 
Spy,  May  3d.  A  few  days  before,  he  was  in  the 
battle  of  Lexington.  In  1788  he  opened  a 
bookstore  in  Boston,  under  the  firm  of  Thomas 
and  Andrews,  and  opened  printing-houses  and 
bookstores  in  other  towns,  still  residing  at  Wor- 
cester. At  one  time  he  had  sixteen  presses  in 
use,  and  eight  bookstores.  In  1791  he  printed 
an  edition  of  the  bible  in  folio,  and  many  subse- 
quent editions.  He  was  the  founder  and  presi- 
dent of  the  American  antiquarian  society,  for 
which  he  erected  a  brick  house  at  Worcester,  and 
to  which  he  presented  many  books,  and  made  a 
large  bequest.  lie  was  also  a  benefactor  of  Lei- 
cester academy.  He  published  a  valuable  history 
of  printing  in  America,  2  vols.  Svo.,  1810. 

THO]HAS,  Pelkg,  died  at  Lebanon,  Conn.,  in 
April,  1834,  agtd  98 :  from  early  life  he  esteemed 
the  bible  more  than  all  other  books. 

THOMAS,  Joseph,  died  at  Plymouth,  Mass., 
hi  1838,  aged  84;  a  captain  of  artillery  during 
the  war  of  the  llevolution. 

THOMAS,  JAMiis,  governor  of  Maryland  in 
1835,  died  in  1845,  aged  Gl;  a  man  of  worth, 
highly  esteemed. 

THOMAS,  Neiiemiah,  minister  of  Scituate, 
Mass.,  died  in  1831,  aged  about  C2.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  in  1789,  and  was  ordained  in 
1T'j2.    His  predecessors  were  Lathrop,  Chauncy, 


THOMAS,  John  B.,  died  at  Plymouth  in 
1852,  aged  05.  A  graduate  of  Harvard  in  1800, 
he  was  a  lawyer  and  clerk  of  the  courts,  and 
president  of  the  Old  Colony  bank. 

THOMPSON,  John,  died  in  Petcrsburgh,  Va., 
in  1799,  aged  22.  His  w  ritings  in  the  Petersburg 
Gazette,  with  the  signatures  of  Casca  and  Gracchus, 
were  in  hostihty  to  the  federal  administration. 
His  life  was  written  by  Mr.  Hay.  His  letters, 
signed  Curtius,  addressed  to  Chief  Justice  Mar- 
shall in  1798,  were  published,  12mo.,  1804. 

THOMPSON,  EbI'XIZER,  Dr.,  secretary  of 
State  in  New  Hampshire,  died  at  Durham  in 
1802,  aged  05.  He  sustained  various  civil  offi- 
ces, ond  was  also  a  physician. 

THOMPSON,  Sir  Benjamin,  coimt  Rumford, 
died  Aug.  20,  1814,  aged  01.  He  was  a  de- 
scendant of  Jona.  T.  of  Woburn  in  1059;  was 
born  in  Woburn,  Mass.,  March  20,  1753.  His 
father  died  while  he  was  young ;  his  mother, 
Mrs.  lluth  Pierce,  in  1811.  Being  placed  as  a 
clerk  to  a  merchant  in  Salem,  he  was  disqualified 
for  business  by  his  devotion  to  the  mechanic  arts. 
Through  the  kindness  of  Sheriff  Baldwin  he  ob- 
tained permission  to  attend  the  philosopical  lec- 
tures of  Prof.  Winthrop  at  Cambridge.  He 
afterwards  taught  school  in  llumford,  now  Con- 
cord, N.  IL,  where  he  married  Sarah,  the  widow 
of  B.  llolfe  and  the  daughter  of  Kev.  Mr.  Walker. 
By  this  marriage  his  pecuniary  circumstances 
were  rendered  easy.  In  about  two  years  his  ad- 
herence to  the  British  cause  induced  liim  to  leave 


790 


TIIOMl'SON. 


THOMI'SON. 


hilt  family  in  177.5  nnd  to  repair  to  I'nf,'liin(l, 
wlicr<!  he  wiiH  uilroiii/cd  hy  l.ortKicrmairii'.  His 
pcrNotiitl  ii;  ,-.'iiriiiici?  mid  niniincrN  rcfoiiiniciidcd 
him.  He  wiiH  iitidiT  Hi'crttary  in  the  n<irthfrn 
dcpnrtmcnt.  Ncnr  tiic  close  nf  I  lie  contest  he 
'.vent  to  New  York,  nnd  conimniided  ii  regiment 
of  dragoons,  nnd  hecanic  emit  led  to  halt'  jmy. 
On  hi«  return  the  kiiij,'  kiiif,'lited  him.  His  nc- 
quaintnnce  with  the  miiiisler  of  tlie  duke  of 
Bnvnria  induced  him  to  jjo  to  Munich,  where  he 
introduced  im])orlaiit  reforms  in  the  jiolice.  The 
prince  raised  him  to  nif{h  military  rank  nnd  cre- 
ated him  n  count  of  the  emjiirc.  He  added  the 
title  of  llumford.  In  IHOO  ho  was  in  London, 
and  projected  the  roynl  institution  of  Great  Brit- 
ain, lie  ilied  ut  Autreuil,  France.  His  first 
wife  died  at  Charlestown,  N.  H.,  in  Feb.,  1702. 
It  would  seem  that  he  ahundoned  her.  How  this 
is  to  be  reconciled  to  jjood  moral  in-incijile  is  yet 
to  be  ex])Iained.  His  daufjiitcr,  Sarah,  Countess 
llumford,  died  in  Concord,  N.  H.,  in  lHo'2,  aged 
70.  He  bequeathed  oO.OOO  dollars  to  Harvard 
college,  and  ai)])ropriated  other  sums  to  promote 
discoveries  in  light  nnd  heat.  His  own  discov- 
eries gave  him  high  reputation,  and  caused  him  to 
be  elected  a  member  of  many  learned  societies. 
His  essays  were  published  at  London,  1790. 

THOMPSON,  Jamks,  a  preacher  forty  years, 
was  drowned  in  '.lie  Kentucky  river  at  Frankfort 
in  1818,  aged  74. 

THOMPSON,  John,  minister  of  South  Ber- 
wick, Me.,  died  in  1828,  aged  88.  Born  in  Scar- 
borough, he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  17G5,  and 
was  settled  in  1783.  J.  Wade,  J.  Wise,  and  J. 
Foster  were  ministers  before  him. 

THOMPSON,  John,  the  minister  of  Stnndish 
and  South  Berwick,  Me.,  died  Jan.  20,  1829,  aged 
87,  in  the  sixty-first  year  of  his  ministry.  He 
was  the  son  of  Bev.  Wm.  T.,  who  was  minister 
of  Scarborough  from  1728  to  1759,  and  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1765  ;  was  minister  of 
Standish  from  1708  to  1783,  in  which  year  he 
was  installed  at  Berwick. 

THOMPSON,  William,  died  at  Hickory  Hill, 
Baltimore  county,  Md.,  July  22,  183  >,  aged  111. 
He  left  twelve  surviving  cliildren,  the  eldest  91, 
the  youngest  25. 

THO^n^SON,  Eliza  N.,  missionary  at  Jerusa- 
lem, wife  of  Bev.  William  M.  Thompson,  died 
at  Jerusalem  July  22,  1834,  aged  34.  Her  name 
was  Eliza  Nelson  Hanna,  and  she  was  born  in 
Baltimore :  she  lived  in  Jamaica,  Long  Island. 
Her  time  of  service  in  Syria  was  short.  She  and 
Mrs.  Dodge  opened  a  school  for  Frank  children 
early  in  1833  at  Beirut.  Removed  to  Jerusalem, 
she  found  herself,  in  May,  1834,  in  circumstances 
of  great  alarm  and  suffering.  An  earthquake 
shook  down  a  part  of  her  house,  which  was  near 
the  castle.  Then  occurred  the  struggle  between 
the  rebel  Fellahs  and  the  government,  when  the 


bullets  nnd  balls  w(^'stled  around  her.  Soon,  nfirr 
a  sickness  of  a  few  dnys,  she  died.  She  was 
bulled  oil  the  top  of  Zioii  ncnr  the  sepnlthre  of 
David.  Dr.  Dodu'e  died  ilie  next  Janiinry,  Oih- 
ers,  the  noble-minded  from  distant  America,  i«leep 
with  them  in  the  holy  land  and  will  share  in  u 
glorious  resurrection.     J.  W.  Alexander  wrote : 

"  Mourn  iint  fur  licr.  wlio  flillH 
On  <M.n«frni(t''i  t'rnunil, 
Wliiiiii  (Jiiil  fr<ini  Zlcin  ralln 
In  hoav'n  liU  pniixi-  (»  Ktiunil. 
Rlnnni  ii'.t  for  her,  who  ^iuii 
.Tcruwili'iu  iiliovc; 
llirsonl,  let  loiw,  ntlainii 
Tlip  golilcii  htri'tdM  of  love.'* 

THO^H'SON,  B1.N.IAMIN,  Dr.,  died  at  Wash- 
ington in  1840,  aged  54.  His  previous  residence 
was  at  Concord,  N.  H.  He  made  himself  famous 
as  a  botanical  ]jhysician. 

THOMPSON,  Latiiiiop,  minister  of  Slianm 
nnd  Chelsea,  Vt.,  nnd  of  Snuthold,  L.  I.,  died  in 
Chelsea  in  1843,  nged  82.  He  was  born  in  Farm- 
iiigton.  Conn. ;  but  his  father  removed  to  M'iiul- 
sor,  Vt.  After  being  in  Southold  from  1810  to 
1820,  he  returned  to  Chelsea  and  lived  with  iiis 
son-in-law.  Rev.  Calvin  Noble.  He  survived  four 
wives. 

THOMPSON,  John,  professor  of  mathematics 
and  philosophy  in  Wabash  college,  died  at  Craw- 
fordsville,  Ind.,  in  1843. 

THOMPSO  .,  S.MITH,  judge,  died  in  Poiigh- 
koepsie  Dec.  18,  1843,  aged  70.  Having  studied 
law  with  Chancellor  Kent,  he  became  district  at- 
torney, and  was  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of 
New  York  in  1801 ;  in  1814  he  was  chief  justice. 
In  1818  he  was  secretary  of  the  navy  j  but  in 
1823  he  became  nn  associate  justice  of  the  su- 
preme court  of  the  United  States,  which  place 
he  held  till  his  death.  Learned  as  a  judge,  his 
private  life  was  pure  nnd  excmjilary. 

THOMPSON,  Waudy,  died  near  Greenville, 
S.  C,  Feb.  9,  1845,  at  a  very  advanced  age.  He 
was  for  many  years  a  judge ;  a  man  of  distinc- 
tion in   South  Carolina,  of  integrity  and  talents. 

THO^IPSOX,  Jonathan,  died  at  New  York 
in  1840,  aged  73.  From  1820  to  1829  he  was 
collector  of  the  port  of  New  York.  He  collected 
and  exactly  accounted  for  upwards  of  a  hundred 
millions  of  dollars.  Gen.  Jackson  removed  him 
from  office. 

THOMPSON,  Abraham  G.,  died  in  New  York 
in  Nov.,  1851.  His  estate  was  380,000  dollars, 
of  which  he  left  347,000  to  public  charities.  To 
the  bible  society  he  gave  05,000 ;  to  the  tract 
society  and  seamen's  friend  society,  54,000  enchj 
to  the  colonization  nnd  liome  mission  society, 
43,000  each  ;  to  the  education  society  and  Amer- 
ican board  of  missions,  32,000  each ;  to  the  in- 
stitutions for  the  deaf  and  dumb  and  for  the 
blind,  10,800  each. 

THOMPSON,  John,  Dr.,  died  at  New  Lisbon, 


THO.Ml'SON. 


TliOIlNTON. 


71M 


Ohiti,  in  ISJ'J,  agrd  ':>.     Up  \va«  n  inrmlxT  of  '  rrnrliiiiK  tlic  rrsiilciuc  „(  his  l.itc  liomc  he  wti 
riiiifiri'sM   Iroin    \X'2')  to  l^JT,  luiil   I'niiii  l.S'J!)  t(t    t.ikiu  witli  lll^  l.isl  illiitxs. 
1m;(7.  I     'rilOUNDlKi:.  IsiiAi.i..  u  iii(r(lumt.ili...l  Mny 

TIIOMI'SON,  Is.ur,  M.  1).,  died  in  Conni-cti-  10,  Is;;.',  in>vA  utioiit  7.V  Hr  wa»  ilu  sou  of 
cut  in  ISj'i.  He  WHS  tiio  inventor  of  ii  faniou.s  Amlrew,  a  (li'sieiniant  of  VmA,  a  re|ire>entuti\o, 
eve-water.  i  wiio  married  in  Ileyerlv  in  ICiis.    He  was  a  native 

'TIIOMI'SON,  Jamkm,  ]).!).,  died  at  Ilarre,  Of  lleveriy,  Ma^s.  In'tiie  U  ■volniionary  war  ho 
Ma-HS.,  in  IH.VI,  a(;e(l  ~,o.  A  jiradwate  of  \;W,  '  wat  in  part  llie  owner  and  llic  lonnnander  of  nil 
he  was   settled  at  Darrein  ISDl.     His  doctrines    armed  siiip.     His  eruises  wc  re   Miei'essful.     For 


were    Unitarian.      He   preaeiied   a   iialf-century 
sermon. 

TIIOMI'SON,  Thomas  I'.,  died  in  New  York 
July  'JH,  lH,j(>,  l)e(iueatliinf<  M,()()()  dollars  to  va- 
rious eharitalile  institutions. 

THOMSON,  CilAiil.Ks,  secretary  of  eonjjress, 
(I  patriot  of  the  llevolution,  died  Au^.  Hi,  1H2I, 
af^ed  !)i.  He  was  born  in  Ireland  in  l";il),  anil 
came  to  this  country  with  his  three  elder  hroihers 
about  1711.  Hi'  landed  at  Newcastle  with  slen- 
der means  of  subsistence.  Having  been  echicated 
by  Dr.  Allison,  he  kejit  the  Triends'  academy, 
lie  afterwards  went  into  l'hiladel])hia,  where  he 
obtained  the  advice  and  friendship  of  ])r.  Traidi- 
lui.  At  the  first  congress  in  1771  he  was  called 
upon  to  take  minutes  of  their  measures ;  from 
that  time  he  was  sole  secretary  of  the  Uevohi- 
tionary  congress.  He  resigned  his  ollice  in  .July, 
1789,  having  held  it  fifteen  years.  An  Indian 
tribe,  which  adopted  him,  gave  him  the  name  of 
"  The  man  of  truth."  lie  was  strictly  moral  and 
his  mind  was  deeply  imbued  with  religious  j)rin- 
ciples.  In  his  last  years  he  was  princijially 
employed  in  prc])aring  for  his  removal  into  the 
eternal  world.  He  died  in  hower  Merion,  Mont- 
gomery county,  near  Philadelidiiu.  His  wife  was 
Hannah  Harrison.  His  mind  was  enriched  with 
various  learning,  and  his  character  was  marked 
by  regularity,  i)robity,  firmness,  and  patriotism. 
He  translated  the  Soptuagint,  which  was  pub- 
lished, entitled,  holy  bible  translated  from  the 
Greek,  4  vols.  8vo.,"l808. 

THOMSON,  Catiiauini:,  wife  of  F.  II.  Thom- 
son, missionary  to  Borneo,  died  at  Itatavia  Nov. 
17,  1830,  aged  26.  Her  name  was  Catharine 
Wyckotf  of  New  IJrunswick,  N.  J.  She  died  in 
peace.  When  asked  if  she  was  sorry  she  had 
come  to  make  a  sacrifice  of  her  life,  she  said  she 
was  not :  "  Tell  my  dear  parents  and  friends  I 
do  not  regret  it  in  the  least.  I  am  only  sorry 
that  I  have  done  so  little." 

THOMSON,  Samuel,  Dr.,  died  in  Boston  in 
1813,  aged  71.  He  was  the  originator  of  what 
was  called  the  Thomsonian  system  in  medical 
treatment. 

THOMSON,  Fri'.deric  B.,  missionary  to  Bor- 
neo, died  at  Berne,  Switzerland,  April  2,  1848, 
aged  38.  Born  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  he  was 
a  graduate  of  1831.  He  embarked  May,  1838. 
Wlien  he  died,  he  was  on  his  way  to  this  country 


nuMiy  years  lu'  was  a  pirlntr  with  ins  brolher-iii- 
law,  Moses  llrowii,  and  at'terwards  cngiigrd  in 
commerce  to  the  I'.ast  Indies  and  China,  whiih 
he  contiinicd  till  his  der.th.  !!<•  was  a  large 
owner  in  manufacturing  esiabjishmcnts.  After  a 
long  residence  in  llcverly,  he  passed  his  last 
years  in  lidston,  where  he  ilied.  He  purchased 
in  ISIH  the  library  of  Professor  I'.iieling  of  Ham- 
burg, of  more  th;iii  three  thousand  volumes,  of 
great  vahu'  in  relation  to  .\mericaii  history,  and 
jiresented  it  to  Harvard  college.  It  includes 
three  hundred  and  lU'ty  volunu's  of  ne\vspa|iirs 
printed  in  this  country.  To  three  sons  he  be- 
(pieathed  each  about  hilf  a  million  of  dollars,  and 
other  sums  to  another  son,  to  his  widow  and 
daughters;  in  all  about  1,H(H),()()0  dollars  to  hig 
relations.  Some  poor  man  may  lie  inclined  to 
say,  that  were  he  the  owner  of  one  or  two  mil- 
lions of  dollars,  he  would  be(|U(atli  much  to  the 
great  charities  of  the  world  j  but,  jierhaps,  on 
gaining  the  power,  he  would  lose  the  disposition 
to  benefit  others  beyond  his  own  family,  and 
would  forget,  that  of  them  to  whom  much,  as  the 
stewards  of  heaven's  boinity,  is  given,  much  will 
be  recpiired. 

TIIOIINDIKE,  RoiiKUT,  died  at  Camden,  Me., 
in  1831,  aged  103;  he  was  born  in  Beverly,  Mass. 
THOUNTON,  Thomas,  minister  of  Yarmouth, 
Mass.,  died  at  Boston  l'\'b.  l.j,  1700,  aged  !}2. 
He  was  one  of  the  ejected  ministers  of  I'.ugland 
in  1002.  The  next  year  he  was  in  Yarmouth,  a 
neighbor  to  Mr.  Walley  of  Barnstable,  also 
ejected,  and  remained  till  107.j.  His  charge  em- 
braced also  the  present  towns  of  Dennis  and  of 
Brewster  and  Harwich,  in  part ;  several  hundred 
Indians  were  under  his  friendly  inspection.  As  a 
j)hysician  he  had  occasion  to  traverse  often  his 
wide  parish.  A  brook,  hill,  and  pond  are  yet 
called  by  his  name.  Few  Americans  who  love 
to  trace  a  long  line  of  ancestry  can  be  so  much 
gratified  as  the  descendants  of  Mr.  Tliornton,  for 
he  was  descended  in  the  seventh  generation  from 
John  Thornton,  lord  mayor  of  York,  in  I'^ngland. 
From  him  descended  tlie  Thorntons  of  Maine 
and  John  Wingatc  Thornton,  a  lawyer  of  Boston, 
who  is  of  the  seventh  generation  from  him.  The 
ancestors  of  J.  W.  T.  from  Thomas  were  Timo- 
thy, Ebenezer,  and  Timothy  of  Boston,  mer- 
chants ;  Thomas  G.  of  Saco,  Maine,  j)hysician  j 
and  James  B.  of  Saco,  merchant.  One  important 
to  obtain  a  reinforcement  of  the  mission  j  but  on   and  most  beneficial  influence  of  the  minister  of 


792 


TIIOUNTON. 


TICKNOR. 


Yiirmniitli  w(i»  ill  hi"  KiTiirin;?  llic  (fonil  will  of  fho 
IruliiiiiN  I'M  till'  )'a|ii',  »><>  lliiil  tlii'V  dwelt  in  pi'iirt-. 
IIikI  tlii'V  ji)iii('il  Kiii;{  IMiilip  in  liin  war,  the  i-vciit 
wiuilil  liiivr  lici'ii  (liMiistniiiH,  lit  UiT.'t  till'  niitii- 
hvT  of  |ira\in){  or  Cliristiati  IiiiliaiiH  in  Yarnioulli, 
Hnrwich,  anil  IlarnNtalilc,  waH  oni'  liiindrcd  and 
twi'iitj-lwo,  NO  that  I'lc  whole  nninlier  oC  IniliaiiN 
waN  prolialily  live  hundred,  Kiipposed  not  to  he 
exceeded  1)\  the  white  population  of  Yarmouth. 

THOltNTOX,  M\rrm;w,  colonel,  a  patriot  of 
the  Uevohition,  died  JuneU'l,  im):l,n;{e<l  NH.  He 
WON  a  native  of  Ireland.  His  father  lived  a  few 
yearn  at  Wiscanset,  then  removed  to  WorecNtcr. 
Mr.  'i'.  nettled  an  a  pliVNician  in  Londonderry, 
N.  II.  He  accompanied  l*e])perell  an  a  hur^eon 
in  the  ex|)cditio!i  to  Loui.shurf^  in  171/3.  Of  the 
provincial  convention  in  lllH  he  wbh  the  jiresi- 
dcnt,  and,  taking  Iuh  seat  an  a  mcmlier  of  conj^rcHN 
Nov.  4,  1770,  he  signed  the  declaration  of  inde- 
pendence, liut  was  not  ])re»ent  to  vote  for  it,  an 
were  not  UunIi,  C'lynier,  Wilson,  Ross,  and  Tay- 
lor, lie  was  HOOD  appointed  a  jiidffu  of  the 
nu|)crior  conrt,  in  which  office  he  remained  till 
17HO.  About  17N0  he  removed  to  Merrirnac  on 
the  hanks  of  the  Merrimac.  He  died  while  on  o 
visit  to  his  dauj^hters  at  Newbnryport.  On  his 
grave  is  the  inscri|)tion  :  "  An  honest  man." 

TlIORNTOX,  Thomas  G.,  iiphysicion,  died  at 
Saco,  Me.,  March  4, 1H24,  ngcd  55.  He  was  born 
in  HoHton,  the  son  of  Timothy,  a  merchant,  a  de- 
Rceiulant  of  Rev.  Thomas  T.  In  the  administra- 
tions of  Jefferson,  Madison,  and  Monroe,  he  was 
U.  S.  marshal  for  Maine.  His  wife  was  Sarah, 
dnufifli'i''"  "f  Thomas  Cutts. 

THROOP,  William,  minister  of  Southold, 
L.  I.,  died  in  M'A],  aged  about  3G.  Ho  grodii- 
uted  nt  Y'alc  in  174."{,  and  was  jiastor  of  the 
second  church  in  Mansfield,  Conn.,  from  1744  to 
1740,  when  he  removed  to  Southoid,  where  he 
had  considerable  success  in  hi'*  Inliors. 

THROOP,  Rknjamin,  the  minister  of  Rozrah, 
in  Norwich,  Conn.,  died  in  17H.<,  aged  about  72. 
He  graduated  at  Y'ule  in  17;J4,  and  from  17;{H 
was  pastor  forty-seven  years.  Ho  jniblishetl  a 
sermon  on  the  dciUh  of R.  .Sylvcsttr,  1753;  .lec- 
tion sermon,  17,»S. 

THROOP,  RiAJAMlx,  colonel,  died  at  Oxford, 
N.  Y.,  in  1S22.  agt-d  Sit.  He  was  a  brave  officer 
in  the  war  of  the  i{evohitioii.  He  led  one  hun- 
dred warriors  of  the  Mohegan  tribe  to  Canada 
in  1770,  most  of  wliom  died  of  the  small-pox  and 
by  the  fate  of  war.  He  was  then  u  captain  and 
lieutenant-colonel  in  ihe  Unc.  He  fought  in  the 
battles  of  I<ong  Island,  White  Plains,  Soratoga, 
and  Monmouth. 

TIIURHER,  Damkl,  M.  I).,  died  at  Mendon, 
Mass.,  in  l.s;j(),  aged  70. 

THURSTON,  David,  first  minister  of  the 
second  church  in  Medway,  was  pastor  from  1752 


to  1700,  nml  venn  Mucreded  by  I).  Snnfnrd.  He 
graduated  at  Priiuitim  in  1751. 

TIH'R.sro.N,  (iAiiiiXLii,  a  Knplint  minister, 
died  at  Newport,  R.  I.,  in  IN<I2,  aged  m.  Hu 
wns  lK)rn  in  N.,  and  succeeded  Mr.  Kjers  in 
I7.")!»,  and  was  suceeed<'d  by  Joshua  llradlev. 
He  was  eminently  pious. —  llninlirt. 

THIRSTON,  PiAit.soN,  mi  lister  of  Somern- 
worth,  N.  H.,  died  at  Leoniinsti  i,  Mass.,  in  INH), 
aged  55.  Horn  in  Lancastpr,  Mass.,  he  gradu- 
ated at  Dartmouth  in  17N7  ;  and  was  pastor  from 
17!»2  to  1H12.  In  this  lost  year  his  house  wns 
burnt,  with  the  church  records,  communion  ser- 
vice, and  a  social  library. 

THURSTON,  John  Rucknkr,  judge,  died  at 
Washington  Aug.  HO,  1845,  aged  H2.  A  native  of 
Virginia,  he  emigrated  to  Kentucky.  Ho  was  a 
senator  of  the  U.  S.  1H05-1H10,  and  an  associate 
judge  of  the  circuit  court  till  his  death. 

Til  WING,  Rknjamin,  wos  n  member  of  the 
Roston  church  in  1042,  ond  had  sons  Kdwardnnd 
John.     He  was  a  proj)rietor  of  Watertown. 

TIHRICTS,  Geohgk,  mayor  of  Troy,  died  in 
1841),  nged  80.  From  poverty  he  rose  to  grcnt 
weolth  j  for  many  yeors  he  wos  a  State  senator. 

TICHENOR,  Isaac,  governor,  died  at  Ren- 
nington,  Vt.,  in  Dec,  1838,  oged  84.  Ho  wns 
a  senator  of  the  United  States  in  1700,  ond 
from  1815  to  1821  ;  also  a  judge  of  the  supremo 
court  of  Vermont ;  governor  from  17S)7  to  1808. 

TICKNOR,  Ei.isiiA,  on  excellent  toocher,  died 
in  Roston  in  1821,  aged  obout  00.  He  was  a 
descendant  of  William  T.,  who  settled  in  Scitu- 
ate  OS  early  os  lG4fl.  He  was  the  son  of  Col. 
Elisho  T.,  who  ot  the  age  of  seventeen  removed 
with  his  fother  from  Connecticut  to  Lebanon, 
N.  II.,  and  who  wos  on  officer  in  the  wor  of  the 
Revolution,  and  a  highly  respected  citizen,  dying 
in  1822,  aged  85.  He  graduated  at  Dartniontli 
in  1783,  ond  was  from  that  year  prccejilor  of 
Moor's  school  till  1780,  when  he  removed  to  Ros- 
ton, and  hod  the  care  of  a  grammar-school  until 
1704.  Afterwords  he  was  a  prosperous  merchant. 
He  took  great  interest  in  education,  and  in  the 
estai)lishment  of  the  savings  institution.  He  mar- 
ried in  1791  Ret  soy,  the  widow  of  Dr.  Rcnjamin 
Curtis,  and  by  her  was  the  fother  of  George  Tick- 
nor,  the  eminent  outhor,  of  Roston. 

TICKNOR,  Caleii,  M.  D..  of  New  York,  died 
about  1842  or  1843,  oged  30.  Rom  in  Suiisbury, 
Conn.,  he  was  one  of  throe  brothers,  who  were 
physicians.  His  medical  education  was  at  the 
Rci'lishire  institution.  He  adojitcd  Ilahnenianu's 
system,  or  that  of  homieojiathy.  He  was  o  man 
of  skill  and  integrity.  He  wrote  much  for  the 
medical  journals.  He  ])ublished  philosophy  of 
living,  0  work  much  admired.  Dr.  Williams,  in 
his  medical  biograjihy,  devoted  an  article  to  him ; 
but  strangely  forgot  to  mention  the  time  of  his 


TICKNOU. 

dontli,  which  wa»  )iri>hnlily  in  IMTI  or  HI.'J.  ni<i 
hroilur,  I.iiiliiT,  ilini  itt'lcr  liini  in  lH|ii.  ||ii« 
wife.  Mury,  ihf  ilinii^l\trr  of  Satiiiicl  I.it  of  Siiiin- 
btiry,  ilii'ii  ill  IHII.  All  uddri'^N  at  liis  t'uncriil  it 
ii|M>kcii  of  in  Hostoii  nifil.  and  mirn.  jour.,  vol. 

XXIII. 

IICKNOH,  LfTliin,  M.  !».,  died  nt  Sali«liiiry, 
('i)iiii..  ill  IHI'i,  ii){t'd  .').")!  iirciidciil  of  till'  Coimcc- 
ticiil  .Sliitf  int'difiil  Hocicty.  lloiii  in  Jrriiln,  Vt., 
at  till'  iiK'"  "'  lll'<'<''>  '"'  li'^t  liis  fatlicr,  wiiii  WU1 
kiili'il  liy  tilt*  l';dlin){  of  a  tree,  lie  was  u  Holf- 
hiadc  man,  of  ffrvin  nicrjfy  and  indoniitaido  pcr- 
iipvcrimce;  lil)eral-lieiirtcd,  KcncrotiH,  licncvolcnt. 
In  hix  dcatii  lit'  van  j^i\'atly  laniciitfd.  ILis 
lirotluT,  J)r.  Calol)  'riiknor  of  New  York,  di'd 
before  him.  —  A'.  }'.  Joitr.  nf' .^[nl.,  Muy,  IMMJ. 

TILDKN,  Thomas,  arrivi'd  at  I'iymontli  in  thr  , 
■hip  Ann  in  U>'2'.i,  iiiid  was  prohai)iy  the  l)roliu'r  | 
of  josi'pii,  who  died  in  Scituate  in  1(570.     JoKej)ii 
T.,  wlio  dii'd  at  Jloston  in  lN,j,'J,  was  a  mcmhi-r  of 
the  Aincrican  acudi'my  and  of  tlie  hiatorical  so- 
ciety of  .MasHucliusetts. 

TUiDKX,  Mr.,  pul)lished  in  thirty  pages  his 
poems,  designed  to  animate  the  soldiers.  Hod. 
lie  was  then  70  years  old  ;  hut  nothin)^  more  is 
known  concerning  the  author.  —  Cyd.  Am.  Lit. 

TILKSTOX,  John,  died  in  Uoston  in  l.SJO, 
aged  92.  Ho  was  many  years  master  of  the 
north  writing-Ncliool  j  and  was  ])rol)aI)ly  a  de- 
scendant of  Thomas,  a  freeman  of  Massachusetts 
in  1();J7. 

TILCIIMAN,  William,  chief  justice  of  Penn- 
sylvania, died  April  !{(),  1827,  aged  70.  lie  was 
born  Aug.  12,  17o(5,  in  Talbot  county,  on  the 
eastern  shore  of  Maryland,  His  father,  James, 
was  secretary  of  the  ])ro|)rietary  land  odice.  His 
motliiii's  liii^iTwas  Tench  Francis,  an  eminent 
Itiwyer  of  Pluladeliihia,  the  brother  of  Ilidiard 
Francis,  who  was  the  author  of  maxims  of  e(iuity, 
awiil  of  Mr.  I'hilip  Francis,  the  translator  of  llor- 
a<p<'.  After  the  removal  of  his  family  to  I'hila- 
>di'lpliia  he  studied  law  in  that  city,  under  the 
direction  of  Uenjamin  Chew,  from  1772  to  1776. 
In  1783  he  was  admitted  to  the  courts  of  Mary- 
land !  but  in  1793  he  returned  to  Philadelphia, 
and  practised  law  till  his  aj)])ointment  by  Mr. 
Adams,  March  3,  1801,  chief  judge  of  the  circuit 
court  of  the  United  States.  The  law  c^tahlish- 
iiig  this  court  being  re])ea]e(l  m  about  .  ar,  Mr. 
Tllglnnan  n;;aiu  practised  \i\w  till  ho  was  aji- 
jjoiiited,  in  July,  ISOJ,  presidnit  of  the  courts  of 
common  pleas  in  the  first  district.  In  Feb., 
18()(i,  he  succeeded  E.  Shipi}en  as  cliief  justice 
of  the  supreme  court.  His  wife  was  xMargaret 
Allen,  daughter  of  James  A.  of  Philadelphia. 
Besides  his  ordinary  official  duties,  he,  in  obedi- 
ence to  the  legislature,  reported  about  1809  the 
English  statutes  in  force  within  the  State;  a  work 
of  great  labor,  and  requiring  an  intimate  know- 
ledge of  the  written  law  of  England  and  of  the 
100 


TII.TON. 


ros 


colonial  Ici^inlalion.  It  wna  nUo  U*  (rrral  nml 
roii.tant  tod  to  inrorpomfr  the  prini'ipl.M,  „f  „•!. 
rntilic  npiity  y,\\\\  ||„'  iuw  of  I'miny Ivanin.  He 
piiMi-hcil  ;.n  riilnnium  on  Dr.  WiMnr,  IslH 

TII.I.AUY.  J\mi:n.  M.  D.,  di.d  in  N.w  York 
city!  but  the  yuir  of  hii  diath  \n»  Motjraphrr, 
Dr.  ThacliiT,  ntglicis  to  nnnlion.  It  «,)»  |,rol>. 
ably  about  IHIO  (,r  IHJII.  Mr  rume  from  Scot- 
lind,  anil  wat  more  thin  forty  yiars  a  nnirh 
respected  i)hysi(ian  in  New  York.  During  tho 
yellow  lever  in  17!l.»  ami  1798,  he  rrmaimd  no- 
lily  at  his  post  and  refused  no  service  of  danger. 
lie  clieered  the  |)oor  and  forsaken.  The  grati- 
tude of  the  |)c()plc  made  liini  afti'rwanU  rt  sident 
physician.  He  was  |U(sidint  of  the  St.  An- 
drew's society.  He  was  a  piiilanthropisf,  also  b 
Christian.  —  Homii-k'/i  Aiidrexx ;   Thnrhfr. 

Tll.l.KY,  KiiWAiii),  was  one  of  the  one  hun- 
dred pilgrims  in  the  Mayllower  to  I'lyinonlh  in 
1020,  with  .Villi  his  wile;  but  they  both  died  in 
the  first  sickness.  Henry  Samson,  of  iheir  family, 
a  cousin,  lived  and  h  It  descenilanlK.  He  was  a 
man  of  judgment,  who  with  llradford  was  asso- 
ciated with  the  first  exjiloring  parly  to  give  good 
advice. —  Ih-adl'unl'n  Hint. 

TII,L1'",Y,  Joil.N,  was  one  f)f  the  one  hundred 
jiiigrims  in  the  .Mayflower  to  I'lyniouth  in  1020, 
with  his  wife;  but  they  both  died  soon  after  com- 
ing ashore.  Their  daughter,  I'.li/abeth,  survived 
the  early  general  sickness,  and  married  John 
Howland,  leaving  ten  children.  He  was  of  the 
second  exjiloring  jiaity. —  lUmlford's  Jli.sl. 

TILLINGII.VS'i',  I'AniioN,  a  minister,  was 
born  near  Heachy  Head  in  I'.nglaiul,  in  1022,  and 
succeeded  Mr.  (JIney,  a  liaplisi  minister  at  Prov- 
idence, in  101 J.  About  1700  he  I)uilt  at  his  own 
expeuve  at  the  north  end  of  the  town  a  meeting- 
house, which  was  replaced  by  a  larger  one  in 
1718.  He  ])ublished  in  10H9  a  tract  on  water 
baptism,  which  drew  a  reply  from  George  Keith, 
the  Quaker.  —  Itexed'uf. 

TILI.INGHAST,  Josii'TI  L.,  died  suddenly  at 
Providence  Hec.  30,  1814,  aged  more  than  50. 
He  was  a  ripe  scholar,  and  rejieatcdly  a  member 
of  congress. 

TILTON,  JosF.Pii,  doctor,  died  at  Exeter, 
X.  H.,  Dec.  5,  18.17,  aged  91 ;  a  surgeon  in  the 
army  of  the  llcvolution. 

tIlTOX,  Jamks,  M.  1).,  a  physician,  died  May 
14,  1822,  aged  77.  He  was  born  in  Delaware 
June  1,  174.J;  was  sent  early  to  I'inley's  Not- 
tingham academy  ;  and  settled  as  a  jdiysician  at 
Dover.  In  177<'  he  served  as  a  surgeon  in  the 
army;  in  1777  iie  was  called  to  the  hos])ital  de- 
partment, and  continued  as  hosi)ital  surgeon  till 
the  close  of  tliowar.  He  introduced  the  hosjjital 
huts,  with  I  tire  in  the  middle,  and  a  hole  in  the 
roof  for  the  escajie  of  smoke.  AVith  his  pecu- 
niary resources  exhausted,  he  resumed  his  pro- 
fession, and  lived  on  a  farm  in  New  Castle  county. 


794 


TILTON. 


The  oflRce  of  commissioner  of  loans,  given  him 
in  1785,  he  held  for  some  years.  In  the  war  of 
1812  he  was  appointed  physician  and  surgeon- 
general  of  the  army  of  the  United  States.  He 
visited  the  hospitals  of  the  northern  frontier. 
At  the  age  of  seventy  a  disease  of  his  knee  ren- 
dered amputation  necessary.  He  died  near  Wil- 
mington. He  was  never  married.  His  height 
'yvas  about  six  feet  and  a  half;  in  person,  man- 
ners, speech,  and  all  his  habits  he  was  an  original. 
He  was  a  Christian.  In  his  last  sickness  the 
Scriptures  were  his  principal  study.  Of  the  vica- 
rious righteousness  of  Clirist  he  was  fond  of  con- 
versing. He  published  observations  on  military 
hospitals,  and  some  papers  on  agriculture.  He 
maintained  that  a  farmer  should  live  on  the  pro- 
duce of  his  own  land,  and  of  course  should  re- 
ject tea  and  coffee.  As  for  himself,  he  kept  no 
^a-cups  and  saucers.  —  'fhacher's  Med.  Biog. 

TILTON,  Nathan,  minister  of  Scarborough, 
Me.,  died  in  1851,  aged  79.  Born  in  East  Kings- 
ton, N.  H.,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1796. 
He  was  settled  in  1800  and  resigned  his  charge 
in  1827. 

TILTON,  Joseph,  a  respected  lawyer,  died  in 
Exeter,  N.  H.,  1856,  aged  81;  a  graduate  of  Har- 
vard in  1797.  He  was  associated  at  the  bar  with 
eminent  men,  as  Webster,  Mason,  Smith,  Sulli- 
van, Woodbury,  Bartlett,  Cutts,  and  Haven. 

TIMROD,  William  H.,  died  in  1838,  aged 
46.  He  was  a  mechanic,  and  wrote  poetry.  — 
Cycl.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

TINKER,  Thomas,  was  one  of  the  one  hun- 
dred pilgrims  in  the  Mayflower  to  Plymouth  in 
1620,  with  his  wife  and  son ;  but  they  all  died  in 
the  first  sickness. 

TITCOMB,  William,  of  Newbury,  Mass.,  died 
in  1676,  He  came  from  Newbury,  England,  as 
early  as  1642.  He  had  five  sons  and  seven  daugh- 
ters. One  of  his  descendants  was  Colonel  T.,  who 
was  killed  in  the  French  war  in  1755. 

TITCOMB,  Benjamin,  died  at  Brunswick, 
Me.,  Oct.,  1848,  aged  88;  minister  of  a  Bajitist 
church.  His  son,  Benjamin,  also  a  Baptist 
preacher,  died  in  Brunswick  in  1829,  aged  40. 
He  published  the  Cumberland  gazette,  the  first 
newspaper  in  Maine. 

TITUS,  PncEBE,  Jlrs.,  died  at  Huntington, 
L.  I.,  about  Jan.,  1846,  aged  91;  a  woman  of 
courage  and  energy.  Her  name  was  Piatt.  She 
was  a  young  wife,  when  in  the  war  two  brothers 
were  captured  and  imprisoned  in  the  pestilential 
jail  of  New  York.  She  heard  they  were  starv- 
ing. "  They  shall  not  starve,"  said  this  bold 
sister.  Amidst  many  perils  she  made  her  way 
to  the  prison-house  week  after  week  with  a  bas- 
ket of  provisions.  When  they  were  sentenced 
to  be  shot,  she  went  to  the  British  commander 
and  begged  their  lives.  One  of  these,  Ananias 
Piatt,  left  about  15,000  dollars  to  the  Presbyte- 


TOKKOHWOMPAIT. 

rian  church,  Albany.  Her  only  son  was  Piatt 
Titus  of  Troy. 

TOBEY,  Sami  EL,  minister  of  Berkley,  Mass., 
died  in  1781,  aged  00.  Born  in  Sandwicli,  he 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1733  and  was  ordained 
in  1737. 

TODD,  John,  lived  in  Rowley  in  1650,  was 
representative  in  1686.  Fifteen  of  the  name 
graduated  at  Yale,  and  one  at  Harvard. 

TODD,  Samuel,  first  minister  of  Plymouth, 
Conn.,  died  in  1789,  aged  about  75.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  in  1734,  and  was  settled  in  Water- 
bury,  now  Plymouth,  from  1740  to  1766,  when 
A.  Storrs  succeeded. 

TODD,  Jonathan,  second  minister  of  East 
Guilford,  Conn.,  now  Madison,  died  in  1791,  aged 
77,  in  the  fifty-eighth  year  of  his  ministry.  The 
son  of  Jonathan  of  New  Haven,  he  graduated  at 
Yale  in  1732.  He  was  the  successor  of  John 
Hart.  He  participated  in  the  controversy  relat- 
ing to  the  settlement  of  J.  Dana.  In  his  old  age 
he  was  tranquil.  He  had  no  children.  He  pub- 
lished a  sermon,  young  people  warned,  1740; 
at  the  election,  1749;  on  the  death  of  N.Chauncy. 
1756;  narrative  relating  to  the  church  at  Wal- 
llngford,  1759 ;  reply  to  Eells'  remarks ;  on  the 
death  of  T.  Ruggles,  1770;  of  T.  IliU,  1781 ;  of 
A.  Redfield,  1783.  —  Sprague's  Annals. 

TODD,  Eli,  M.  D.,  died  in  1833,  aged  about 
64.  He  was  physician  of  the  retreat  for  the  in- 
sane at  Hartford,  Conn. ,  was  born  in  New  Ha- 
ven, the  son  of  Michael,  a  merchant ;  graduated 
at  Yale  college  in  1787 ;  and  after  practising 
many  years  in  his  profession  at  Farmington,  re- 
moved to  Hartford  in  1819,  and  exerted  an  im- 
portant agency  in  founding  the  retreat  for  the 
insane,  of  which  he  was  the  physician.  He  was 
a  man  of  superior  talents  and  extensive  acquire- 
ments, and  respected  and  beloved  as  a  physician, 
philanthropist,  and  Christian,  though  once  an 
Infidel.  —  Williams'  Med.  Biog. 

TODD,  Clarissa,  Mrs.,  missionary,  died  at  Ma- 
dura June  1, 1837.  Her  name  was  Clarissa  Em- 
erson. Born  in  Chester,  N.  H.,  she  married  first 
Edmund  Frost,  missionary  nt  Bombay  ;  next,  in 
1826,  Henry  Woodward,  missionary ;  ami  then,  in 
1836,  William  Todd,  missionary  at  Madura. 

TODD,  Samuel,  died  in  Albany,  Vt.,  May  30, 
1840,  aged  98  years.  He  served  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary war,  was  in  Bunker  Hill  battle,  and  helped 
build  the  fort  at  Crown  Point. 

TOHKUKQUONNO,  John,  an  Indian  sachem 
at  Little  Compton  in  1698,  had  a  good  character. 

T0KK0HW0:MPAIT,  Daniel,  Indian  min- 
ister at  Natick  in  1698,  ordained  by  Eliot,  had  a 
church  of  seven  men  and  three  women,  and  un- 
der his  care  fifty-nine  men  and  fifty-one  women, 
and  seventy  children  under  sixteen  years  of  age. 
He  died  in  1716,  aged  64.  After  his  death,  0. 
Peabody  was  sent  to  preach  to  these  Indians. 


TOL. 

TOL,  John  C,  died  in  Glcnville,  N.  Y.,  Oct. 
2o,  18  IS,  aged  68.  A  graduate  of  Union  college 
in  1799,  he  was  the  minister  of  Canajoharie. 

TOLER,  UlciiAUi)  II.,  editor  twenty-three 
years  of  the  Lynchhurg  Virginian,  died  at  llich- 
inond  ill  1848,  aged  49. 

TOMLIXSON,  GIDEOX,  died  at  Stratford, 
Conn.,  in  17C6,  aged  34.  An  officer  in  the  army, 
he  was  at  the  cajjturc  of  Ticonderoga.  His  son, 
Jabez  II.,  died  in  1849,  aged  88.  His  grandson, 
Gideon,  was  governor  of  Connecticut  from  1827 
to  1831. 

TOMLINSON,  Daniel,  minister  of  Oakham, 
Mass.,  died  Oct.  29,  1842,  aged  83.  Born  in. 
Derby,  Conn.,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1781,  was 
ordained  Juno  22,  1780,  and  was  pastor  fifty-six 
years  ;  for  the  last  ten  years  he  had  a  colleague. 

TOMLINSON,  GiDLON,  governor  of  Connec- 
ticut, died  at  Fairfield  Oct.  8,  1854,  aged  74. 
Born  at  Stratford,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1802. 
From  1818  to  1827  he  was  a  member  of  congress, 
then  governor  four  years,  and  six  years  senator 
of  the  United  States. 

TOMPKINS,  Daniix  D.,  vice-president  of  the 
United  States,  died  at  Staten  Island  June  11, 
1825,  aged  50.  He  was  born  June  21,  1774,  the 
son  of  tlio  llevolutionary  patriot,  Jonathan  G.  T., 
who  died  in  May,  1823,  aged  80,  at  Fox  Mead- 
ows, or  Searsdalo,  on  the  river  Bronx,  in  West- 
chester county,  N.  Y.  He  graduated  at  Columbia 
college  in  1795,  and  settled  at  New  York  as  a 
lawyer.  In  the  party  struggles  of  1799-1801  he 
was  a  conspicuous  republican.  In  1803  he  suc- 
ceeded Mr.  Lewis  as  chief  justice  of  the  superior 
court,  and  in  1S07  was  elected  governor.  In 
1812  he  jirorogued  the  legislature,  in  o"der  to 
prevent  a  corrupt  system  of  banking.  During 
the  w^r,  which  began  in  1812,  ho  was  as  gov- 
ernor extremely  active  and  devoted  to  the  cause 
of  his  country.  His  efforts  had  an  important 
bearing  on  the  result  of  the  war.  At  the  close  of 
the  war  he  purchased  a  farm  in  llichmond  county, 
in  view  of  the  city.  In  1817  he  was  elected 
vice-president ;  y.r.  Munroo  being  president. 

TOMPKINS,  Gi;oi!r_ .  iudge,  died  near  Jeffer- 
son city.  Mo.,  in  184G,  aged  CO.  He  was  a  judge 
of  the  State  supremo  court,  a  man  of  legal 
knowledge  and  moral  worth,  well  acquainted 
with  the  history  of  the  west. 

TOMPSON,  WiLLiASi,  first  minister  of  Brain- 
tree,  Mass.,  died  Dec.  10,  1000,  aged  08.  Ik- 
was  a  native  of  England,  was  first  settled  in  Lan- 
cashire. After  his  arrival  in  this  country,  when 
a  church  was  gathered  at  Mount  Wollaston,  or 
Braintree,  now  Quincy,  he  was  chosen  its  pastor, 
and  was  installed  Sept.  24,  1039.  Mr.  Flyiit 
was  settled  as  his  colleague  March  17,  1040.  In 
the  year  lCi2' he  accomjjanied  Mr.  James  and 
Mr.  Knowles  to  Virginia,  in  order  to  carry  the 
gospel  to  the  igaorout,  but  was  soon  obliged  to 


TORREY. 


795 


leave  that  colony  for   his  nonconformity  to   the 
I",])iscnpa!i,in  worship. 

TOMI'.SOX,  Sami  1 1„  of  liraintree,  son  of  P.ev. 
William,  (lied  in  U,u:,,  :if,'cd  03.  Born  in  i;ng- 
laiul,  he  came  with  his  fiitiier  in  1037,  was  deacon 
of  the  cluireli,  and  representative  fourteen  years. 

TOMPSON,  Edwaui),  minister  of  Marsl'ifield, 
Mass.,  died  in  1705,  aged  ;J!».  llic  son  of  Ben- 
jamin, he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  l(i8l,  and 
taught  a  school  several  years  at  Newbury.  His 
predecessors  were  E.  Bulkley,  S.  Arnold;  his  suc- 
cessors J.  Gaidner  and  S.  llill.  On  his  grave- 
stone near  the  Wiiislow  toinl)  is  this  inscription  : 
"  Here  in  a  tyrant's  hand  dcth  cajjlive  lie  a  rare 
syuojisis  of  divinity."  His  last  sermons,  heaven  the 
best  country,  were  published  in  1712. 

TOMPSON,  BiAJAMlN,  the  son  of  Rev.  "Wil- 
liam T.,  died  in  1714,  and  was  buried  at  Roxbury, 
aged  71.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1002,  and 
was  a  preacher  in  Boston  from  1007  to  1770, 
when  he  removed  to  Cambridge.  He  was  also  a 
])hysieian  and  a  poet.  He  wrote  an  elegy  on  S. 
Whiting,  jjrintecl  in  Mather's  JIagnalia.  —  Cycl. 
of  Am.  Lit. 

TOMPSON,  Joseph,  of  Billerica,  son  of  Rev. 
William  T.,  died  in  1732,  aged  91.  He  was 
schoolmaster,  captain,  selectman,  town-clerk, 
deacon,  and  rejiresentative.  Among  his  descend- 
ants were  Benjamin  and  Colonel  William  of  B. 

TOOLEY,  Hkxuy,  a  useful  man,  died  at  Nat- 
chez in  1848,  aged  75;  mayor  of  the  city,  a  Meth- 
odist lu-ofessor  for  sixty  years,  and  a  preacher  for 
his  last  fifteen  years.  He  understood  Hebrew, 
and  was  much  interested  in  astronomy,  and  was 
the  father  of  temperance  in  Natchez. 

TOOTHACIIER,  Roger,  an  early  settler  of 
Billerica  in  1000;  had  a  son,  grandson,  and  great- 
grandson,  all  ])hysicians  and  named  Roger. 
.  TORREY,  WiLLL\M,  captain,  an  early  author  in 
Massachusetts  settled  at  Weymouth  aud  was  a  free- 
man in  1042  and  a  representative  several  years. 
He  might  have  died  as  late  as  1 003.  He  was  a  good 
jienman,  skilled  in  Latin,  and  usually  clerk  of  the 
deputies.  He  published  a  small  book  on  the 
millennium,  "  written  by  a  very  old  man,  in  con- 
tinual exjiectation  of  his  translation  into  another 
lite  and  world,"  2d  ed.  1757. 

TORREY,  Samuel,  minister  of  Weymouth, 
Mass.,  died  April  21,  1707,  aged  75,  the  succes- 
sor of  T.  Thacher.  He  was  the  son  of  Capt.  Wil- 
liam. He  had  been  in  the  ministry  fifty  years, 
and  was  an  able  and  faithful  preacher.  lie  was 
educated  at  Harvard,  but  did  not  take  a  de- 
gree, as  he  did  not  comply  with  a  new  law,  re- 
quiring four  years'  residence.  Such  was  his  gift  in 
jn'ayer  that  he  was  always  chosen,  as  Mr.  Princs 
says, "  to  bring  up  the  rear  of  their  religious  exer- 
cises." He  was  very  liberal.  At  a  ])ul)lic  fust  in 
1090,  after  the  other  exercises,  he  finished  by  a 
prayer  of  two  hours  in  length,  so  regular,  perti- 


796 


TORREY. 


TOWSOX. 


nent,  free,  lively,  nffcctlng,  that,  towards  the  end, 
glaiiciiif^  upon  snine  now  kclmics  of  thought,  n 
rare  lawyer,  Mr.  llccd,  said  to  Mr.  Prince,  "  We 
could  not  ht'li)  wishing  him  to  enlarge  upon 
then."  So  deep  were  his  views,  that  llic  gover- 
nor and  council  invited  him  to  assist  them  with 
his  wisdom  and  advice.  After  the  death  of  Pres- 
ident Rogers  of  Harvard  college  in  1686  he  was 
chosen  his  successor,  but  declined  the  office.  His 
wife  was  a  daughter  of  Secretary  Rawson.  He 
publibhed  the  election  sermon  in  the  years  1674, 
1683,  and  WJo—J^lio*':  lUng. 

TORREY,  .TosiAii,  first  minister  of  Tisbury, 
Martha's  Vineyard,  died  in  1723,  ag<?d  about  45. 
He  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1698,  and  was  a 
trustee.  Ho  was  ordained  in  1701.  J.  Mayhew 
had  preached  at  T.  before  him.  His  successors 
were  Hancock,  Damon,  Morse,  and  Hatch,  or- 
dained in  1801.  R.  Thacher  was  at  the  same 
time  minister  at  Chilmark. 

TORREY,  Josru'U,  minister  of  South  Kingston, 
R.  I.,  died  in  1792,  aged  93.  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1728. 

TORREY,  DoRO-niT,  died  at  Windsor,  Conn., 
Jan.  16,  1838,  aged  100,  with  no  disease.  Her 
husband  died  aged  91. 

TORREY,  Charles  T.,  died  in  Baltimore  May 
9,  1846,  aged  33.  Bom  in  Scituate,  Mass.,  he 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1833.  He  was  a  minister 
at  Providence,  R.  I.,  and  Salem,  Mass.  Attempt- 
ing to  carry  away  and  liberate  some  slaves  in 
Maryland,  he  was  sentenced  to  the  State  prison, 
in  which  he  died  of  the  consumption. 

TOTO,  a  friendly  Windsor  Indian,  gave  notice 
of  the  proposed  Indian  attack  on  Springfield  in 
1675  or  1676. 

TOURO,  JroAii,  died  at  New  Orleans,  Jan.  18, 
1854,  aged  78,  worth  nearly  two  millions  of  dol- 
lars, by  him  chiefly  bequeathed  to  the  public 
institutions  of  New  Orleans.  Born  in  Newport, 
R.  I.,  in  1776,  he  went  to  N.  O.  in  1802,  and  was 
wounded  in  its  defence  in  the  war  of  1812.  He 
was  of  the  Jewish  faith. 

TOWN,  IxniEL,  architect,  died  in  New  Haven 
June  13,  1844,  aged  60 ;  a  native  of  Thompson. 

TOWNER,  William,  M.  D.  and  general, 
died  in  Williamstown,  Mass.,  in  1813,  aged  58.  He 
was  an  early  settler  and  a  useful  physician. 

TOWNSEND,  Penn,  colonel,  died  in  Boston, 
Aug.  23,  1727,  aged  75.  He  was  the  son  of 
William,  who  lived  in  Boston  as  early  as  1036. 
He  was  speaker,  chief  judge  of  the  common  pleas, 
and  colonel.  He  used  to  pray  in  the  field  with 
the  militia,  as  well  as  in  his  family  and  closet. 
He  was  an  encourager  of  learning,  and  one  of  the 
managers  of  the  society  for  propagating  the  gos- 
pel among  the  Indians. 

TOWNSEND,  Jonathan,  first  minister  of 
Needliam,  Mass.,  died  in  1762,  aged  64.  He 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1716.    He  was  suc- 


ceeded by  Dr.  West,  who  was  transferred  to 
Boston.  He  published  two  fast  sermons,  1729; 
caveat  against  strife,  1749.  Perhaps  this  last 
sermon  was  by  J.  T.  of  Modfield. 

TOWNSEND,  Jonathan,  minister  of  Medfield, 
Mass.,  died  in  1776,  aged  about  56.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  in  1741.  He  published  convpn- 
tion  sermon,  1758;  two  sermons  on  the  reduction 
of  Quebec,  1760. 

TOWNSEND,  Solomon,  minister  of  Barring- 
ton,  R.  I.,  died  in  1798,  aged  82.  Born  in  Boston, 
he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1735,  and  was  pastor 
from  1741  to  1798.  The  previous  pastors  were 
J.  Wilson,  S.  Torrev,  and  P.  Heath. 

TOWNSEND,  David,  M.  D.,  a  respectable 
jjhysician  of  Boston,  a  member  of  the  Mass.  med- 
ical society,  died  in  1829,  aged  74.  His  son, 
Alexander,  a  graduate  of  the  class  of  1802,  died  a 
lawyer  in  Boston,  in  1835  ;  he  published  a  4th  of 
July  oration,  1810;  address  to  charitable  fire 
society. 

TOWNSEND,  Isaac  H.,  died  in  New  Haven 
in  1847,  aged  43.  He  graduated  in  1822.  In 
1842  he  was  associated  with  Judge  Hitchcock  in 
the  arrangement  of  the  law  school  of  Yale,  at  the 
reorganization  of  wliich  he  was  one  of  the  pro- 
fessors in  1846.  1 

TOWNSEND,  John,  died  in  Albany,  Aug. 
26,  1854,  aged  71.  He  was  mayor  of  the  city, 
and  held  many  important  stations,  and  was  uni- 
versally respected.  The  son  of  Henry  T.,  he  was 
born  at  Stirling  Iron-works,  back  of  Newburg, 
N.  Y.,  and  came  to  Albany  as  clerk  to  Iv.s  brother 
Isaiah,  in  1802  ;  and  became  his  partner  in  the 
iron  and  hardware  trade,  and  acquired  a  princely 
fortune.  He  was  one  of  the  original  owners  of 
Syracuse,  and  there  established  the  manufacture 
of  salt  by  solar  evaporation.  He  was  president 
of  the  Commercial  bank  of  Albany.  He  survived 
his  brother  many  years.  His  wife  was  the 
daughter  of  Judge  A.  Spencer  j  and  seven  chil- 
dren survived  him.  —  Sprague's  Sermon  on  his 
Death. 

TOWNSEND,  Eliza,  died  in  Boston  in  1854, 
aged  65.  She  wrote  poetry  for  the  anthology. 
Unitarian  miscellany,  and  portfolio.  She  was 
esteemed  for  her  intellect  and  amiable  qualities. 
Cycl.  of  Am.  Lit. 

TOWNSEND,  Samuel,  of  Madison  county, 
Ala.,  died  in  1856,  aged  55;  the  wealthiest  planter 
of  Kentucky.  By  his  will  about  forty  slaves  were 
to  be  liberated  and  removed  from  the  State,  and 
a  large  portion  of  his  property  to  be  distributed 
among  them. 

TOWSON,  Nathan,  major-general,  died  at 
Washington  July  20,  1854,  aged  71.  He  ac- 
quired a  military  reputation  in  the  war  of  1812,  at 
the  battles  of  Chijjpewa  arid  Bridgewater.  In 
his  last  years  he  was  paymaster-general.  lie 
was  a  native  of  Maryland.    His  wiie,  who  died 


TRACY. 

July  21, 1S.V2,  was  Sopliia  niiif^lKim,  the  daughter 
of  {';)li'l>  Iiiiif;hiini  of  I'ostoii. 

TUACY.  lu.isiiA.  ])r.,  dii'd  in  Xorwicli,  Conn., 
in  17')2.  He  was  pniiiicnt  as  a  |ihysician,  and 
was  a  cdassicnl  schohu-,  and  adorned  witli  tlie 
moral  and  social  virtues. 

TUACY,  L'liiAH,  a  statesman,  died  at  Wash- 
ington June  lU,  INOT,  afjed  ,i3.  He  was  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  collef^e  in  1778,  and  afterwards,  di- 
recting^ his  attention  to  the  law,  he  soon  rose  to 
eminence  in  that  jjrofession.  The  last  fourteen 
years  of  his  life  were  devoted  to  the  service  of 
his  country  in  the  national  councils,  where  he 
was  admired  by  his  friends,  and  rBsjjeeted  by  his 
opponents.  After  havinj,'  been  a  menii)er  of  the 
liousc  of  representatives  for  some  time,  he  was 
chosen  a  senator,  and  ho  continued  in  this  hif;h 
statiim  till  his  death.  In  the  beginning  of  March, 
180",  while  in  a  feeble  state  of  health,  he  cxjiosed 
himself  by  attending  the  funeral  of  Mr.  UaKlwiii 
of  the  senate.  From  this  period  he  deehned. 
His  three  daughters  married  throe  judges,  namely, 
Gould  of  Litchfield,  Howe  of  Northamjjton,  and 
Metcalf  of  Dedham  ;  Mrs.  M.  died  in  18,j7.  His  de- 
votion to  the  public  service  precluded  him  from 
that  attention  to  his  private  interests  which  claim 
the  principal  regard  of  most  men.  His  speeches 
dis])laycd  a  vigorous  and  well-informed  mind.  In 
wit  and  humor  he  was  unrivalled ;  in  delivery 
graceful,  and  lucid  in  argument.  He  was  some- 
times severe ;  but  the  ardor  of  debate,  the  rajjid- 
ity  of  his  ideas,  and  the  impetuosity  of  his  elo- 
quence constit\ited  an  ai)ology.  He  was  an 
instructive  and  agreeable  corijjanion. 

TK.\CY,  Sticpiien,  first  minister  of  Norwich, 
Mass.,  died  in  1822,  aged  73.  Born  in  Norwich, 
Conn.,  he  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1770,  was 
pastor  from  1781  to  1799,  when  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  B.  It.  WoodI)ridge. 

TUACY,  Elisiia,  died  at  Norwich,  Conn.,  in 
1842.  He  was  an  eminent  and  much  respected 
citizen. 

TUACY,  Adeline,  missionary  to  China,  died 
in  Streetsborough,  O.,  in  1851,  aged  41.  She  was 
the  daugiiter  of  Deacon  Alfred  White  of  West 
Brookfield,  a  desccndent  of  Peregine  White. 
She  married  Ira  Tracy  in  China  in  1834.  After 
a  few  years'  service  she  returned,  in  very  poor 
health. 

TUACY,  Rachel,  died  in  Utica  April  7,  1852, 
aged  73.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Judge  Ben- 
jamin Huntingdon,  of  Norwich,  Conn.,  and  the  wid- 
ow of  Wm.  0.  Tracy,  a  merchant  of  Whitestown, 
whodiedin  1830.  Her  brothers,  Henry  and  George 
H.,  were  conspicuous  men  in  Oneida  county.  She 
possessed  great  excellence  of  character,  and  was  a 
model  of  goodness.  —  ^V.  1'.  Observer,  A\m\  29. 

TUACY,  EnENiyEii,  Dr.,  died  at  Middletown 
Julv  29, 1850,  aged  99. 

TliANTUAM,  or  TRENTHAM,  Betsey,  Mrs. 


TREiVDWELL. 


707 


died  Jan.  10,  1831,  in  Maury  county,  Tenn. 
aged  l.VJ.  .Slic  was  boru  in  Germany,  and 
cinignited  to  Ni>rlii  Ciiroliiui  in  1710.  Eor  tiie 
last  twenty  years  lier  \i>ioii  wns  gooil.  At  the 
age  of  C5  she  bore  her  only  thild,  who  survived 
her. 

TUASK,  Wii.i.iAM,  oriptain,  an  early  settler  of 
Sakm,  died  in  \('M>,  leaving  soo  ■  V;  .nunii  and 
John  and  daughters.  He  came  with  governor 
I'Lndecott  in  l(i2H,  and  was  representative  of  Salem, 
Mass.,  five  years.  —  /•'(//.  t 

TUASK,  NvniAMi-.L,  the  first  minister  of 
Brentwood,  N.  H.,  died  in  1789,  aged  07.  Born 
in  Lexington,  Mass.,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1712,  and  was  settled  in  17 18.  i 

TU.VSK,  Xaiiim,  Dr.,  died  at  Windsor,  Vt., 
1837,  aged  70. 

TUAXALL,  AnuAii  m,  preacher  to  the  society 
of  the  United  l!rethrei\  fifty  years,  died  near; 
Mount  Pleasant,  Pa.,  in  1825,  aged  74. 

TUEADWELL,  Danii;l,  jirofessor  of  mathe- 
matics in  King's  college,  X.  Y.,  died  in  1700,  aged 
aiiout  20.  Born  at  Portsmouth  of  jiarents  who 
came  from  Ii)swicli,  Mass.,  he  graduated  in  1754. 
He  was  an  eminent  mathematician,  though 
young.  —  Eliot. 

TUEAl  )W1':LL,  Jonx,  minister  of  Lynn,  Mass., 
died  in  181 1,  aged  73.  Born  in  Ips«  ,(  h  in  1738, 
he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1758,  and  was  pastor 
from  1703  to  1782.  His  predecessors  were  S. 
Batchelor,  who  died  in  lOGl,  aged  100  ;  S.  Whit- 
ing, who  died  in  1079,  aged  83 ;  T\  Cobbet,  who 
died  in  Ipswich,  aged  77  ;  J.  Shejjard,  who  died 
aged  72  ;  J.  Wlnting,  who  died  aged  82  j  and  N. 
Henchman,  who  died  aged  02. 

TUEADWELL,  John,  LL.  D.,  governor  of 
Connecticut,  died  Aug.  19,  1823,  aged  77.  The 
son  of  Ephriam  T.,  he  was  born  in  Farmington, 
Nov.  23, 1745  ;  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1707 ; 
and,  having  studied  law  with  Titus  Hosmer  of 
Middletown,  settled  in  his  native  town,  but  did 
not  engage  in  the  practice.  He  was  an  only  son, 
and  the  heir  of  a  competent  estate.  After  sus- 
taining various  offices,  as  judge  of  probate  and  of 
other  courts  and  lieutenant-governor,  he  was  in 
1809  chosen  governor  as  successor  of  Trumbull, 
but  was  succeeded  by  Griswold  in  1811;  thus  be-  ^ 
ing  thrown  out  of  all  public  cmi)loyments,  which 
had  occupied  him  thirty  years.  This  was  painful. 
For  twenty  years  he  was  a  deacon  of  the  church 
of  which  he  became  a  member  at  the  nge  of 
twenty-six  under  the  salutary  influence  of  aflliction 
by  the  loss  of  a  daughter.  He  was  the  first  pres- 
ident of  the  American  foreign  mission  society, 
and  continued  in  that  place  till  his  death.  His 
wife  was  a  daughter  of  Joseph  Pomeroy,  of  a 
family  from  Xortham])ton.  Gov.  T.  was  not  a 
man  of  popular  address  or  character,  but  he  was  a 
man  of  unbending  integrity,  and  great  usefulness; 
he  was  t^lso  an  eminent  Ciuistion,  bowing  meekly 


798 


TREADWELL. 


TREVETT. 


to  God's  will  un'ler  heavy  afflictions,  and  dying  in  i 
the  joyous  iiope  of  tli(.' lieliovfr.     In  his  last  years 
he  wrote  n  series  ol' theological  essays,  which  were 
not  piililislicd. 

TJaCADWELL,  John  I).,  M.  D.,  died  at  Sa- 
lem, Mass.,  June  C,  183.'J,  aged  05.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  in  178.S. 

TREADWELL,  Joii\  G.,  M.  T).,  a  graduate 
♦'  Harvard  in  IH'26,  died  in  Saiem  Aug.  8,  ISjG, 
..^cd  about  01.  He  l)eque;.thed  his  ju'operty, 
over  100,000  dollars,  —  after  the  death  of  his 
mother,  aged  80, —  to  Harvard  college,  to  estab- 
lish professorshijjs  of  jihysiology  and  anatomy. 
If  the  prescribed  conditions  were  not  accepted, 
the  whole  projjcrty  was  to  go  to  the  Massachu- 
setts general  hospital. 

TREAT,  RoiiicuT,  governor  of  Connecticut, 
died  at  Milford  July  12.  1710,  aged  88.  He  was 
the  son  of  Richard  of  Wcthersficld.  He  was  chosen 
one  of  the  magistrates  iu  iG73.  After  Philip's 
■war  commenced,  he  was  sent  to  Westfield  at  the 
head  of  the  Connecticut  troops,  and,  when  the 
enemy  attacked  Springfield,  he  marched  to  its 
relief  and  drove  them  from  the  town.  He  also 
attacked  the  Indians  in  their  assault  upon  Had- 
ley  Oct.  19,  and  put  them  completely  to  flight. 
In  1676  he  was  chosen  deputy-governor,  and  in 
1683  governor,  to  which  office  he  was  annually 
elected  for  fifteen  years.  From  1698  to  1708  he 
was  again  deputy-governor.  His  character  was 
very  respectable,  and  lie  had  rendered  the  most 
important  services  to  his  country. 

'TREAT,  S.\MUEL,  first  minister  of  Eastham, 
Mass.,  the  son  of  the  preceding,  died  March  18, 
1717,  aged  68.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard 
college  in  1669.  He  was  ordained  in  1672,  a 
church  having  been  established  for  more  than 
twenty  years.  Soon  after  his  settlement  he 
studied  the  Indian  language,  and  devoted  to  the 
Indians  in  his  neighborhood  much  of  his  time 
and  attention.  Through  his  labors  many  of  the 
savages  were  brought  into  a  state  of  civilization 
and  order,  and  not  a  few  of  tl^em  were  converted 
to  the  Christian  faith.  In  1693  he  wrote  a  letter 
to  Increase  Mather,  in  which  he  states  that  there 
w^ere  within  the  limits  of  Eastham  five  hundred 
adult  Indians,  to  whom  he  had  for  many  years 
imparted  the  gospel  in  their  own  language.  He 
had  under  him  four  Indian  teachers,  who  read  in 
separate  villages  on  every  Sabbath,  except  on 
every  fourth,  when  he  himself  preached  the  ser- 
mons, which  he  wrote  for  them.  He  procured 
schoolmasters  and  persuaded  the  Indians  to 
choose  from  among  themselves  six  magistrates, 
who  held  regular  courts.  He  passed  near  half  a 
3entury  in  the  most  benevolent  exertions  as  a 
minister  of  the  gospel.  His  second  wife  was  the 
widow  of  Rev.  B.  Estabrook  and  daughter  of 
S.  Willard.  His  daughter  was  the  mother  of 
Judge  Paine.    He  waa  a  consistent  and  strict 


Calvinist,  who  zealously  proclaimed  those  truths 
which  are  calculated  to  alarm  and  huml>lu  the 
sinner  ;  and  it  jjleased  God  at  different  times  to 
accompany  his  labors  with  a  Divine  l)Iessing.  An 
extract  from  one  of  his  sermons,  which  proves 
that  the  author  was  able  to  array  the  terrors  of 
the  Lord  against  the  impenitent,  is  preserved  in 
the  historical  collections.  He  was  mild  in  his 
natural  temper,  and  his  conversation  was  pleas- 
ant and  sometimes  facetious,  but  always  decent. 
He  published  the  confession  of  faith  in  the  \au- 
set  Indian  language!  and  the  election  sermon, 
1713.  —  Spragne's  Annals. 

IREAT,  Richard,  first  minister  of  Brini- 
fleld,  Mass.,  graduated  at  Yale  in  1719.  He  was 
born  in  Glastenbury,  Conn.;  was  settled  in  1725, 
and  resigned  in  1734. 

TREAT,  Salmon,  minister  of  Preston,  Conn., 
died  in  1846,  aged  about  73.  He  was  a  grand- 
son of  Richard  T.,  one  of  the  first  settlers  of 
■\Vethersfield,  and  the  son  of  James.  A  gradu- 
ate of  Harvard  in  1694,  he  was  ordained  at  Pres- 
ton in  1698,  and  resigned  in  1744. 

TREAT,  Joseph,  general,  died  at  Bangor 
Feb.  27,  1853,  aged  77.  He  was  skilled  in  the 
Indian  languages  of  ti.3  eastern  part  of  Maine. 

TRECOTHICK,  Jamks,  died  in  London,  .in 
Sept.,  1843,  aged  90.  A  native  of  Boston,  he 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1773.  His  father  was 
James  Ivers,  who  took  by  will  the  estates  and 
assumed  the  name  of  his  uncle.  Barlow  Treco- 
thick,  a  merchant  of  London  and  member  of 
parliament. 

TRESCOTT,  Lemuel,  colonel,  died  at  Luhco, 
Me.,  in  1826,  aged  75 ;  one  of  the  best  field-of- 
ficers in  the  war  of  the  Revolution.  He  com- 
manded a  battalion  of  the  light  infantry  under 
Lafayette,  and  he  enjoyed  the  confidence  of 
Washington.  Ha  was  the  best  disciplinarian. 
Struggling  with  j)overty,  he  yet  devoted  himself 
to  the  cause  of  liberty.  After  the  return  of 
peace,  as  he  acquired  an  estate,  his  house  and 
heart  were  ever  open  to  distress.  He  was  an 
upright  man,  a  patriot,  a  christian.  If  he  has 
left  descendants,  they  may  speak  with  satisfac- 
tion of  their  ancestor.  He  Avas  probably  n  de- 
scendant of  John,  who  died  in  Dorchester  in 
1740,  aged  89;  and  of  William,  a  freeman  of 
Dorchester  in  1643.  —  Farmer. 

TREVETT,  Samuel  R.,  M.  D.,  died  of  the 
yellow  fever  on  board  the  Peacock  at  Norfolk, 
Nov.  4  1822,  aged  39.  Born  in  Marblehead,  he 
was  gri..luated  at  Harvard  in  1804,  and  served  as 
a  surgeon  in  the  United  Slates  frigate  at  the 
capture  of  the  Macedonian,  and  was  captured  in 
the  President.  He  was  surgeon  in  the  navy- 
yard  at  Charlestown,  of  which  office  it  is  said  he 
was  deprived,  because  he  displeased  liis  suj)erior8 
by  his  honest  evidence  in  a  case  under  trial,  and 
was  ordered  away  on  a  cruise;  —  such  sometimes 


TREVORE. 

are  the    pitiable  mnlis^nity  and  oppressions  of 
tlie  holders  of  power.  —  TIkkIici-'s  Mai.  ]lini/. 

TllEVOUE,  William,  was  a  seiiman,  who, 
with  one  VAy,  a  seaman,  was  iiircil  liy  tlie  one 
hundred  rilgrim  settlers  in  the  Mii\  flower  to  re- 
main for  one  year,  after  which  time  they  returned 
to  Enffland.  They  were  ])assenf;ers  indeed ;  hut 
not  properly  to  he  reckoned  among  the  Pilgrims, 
who  sought  a  new  home,  any  more  than  the 
other  seamen,  employed  for  a  sliorter  time. 

TllIMBLE,  John,  a  judge  of  several  courts 
in  Kentucky,  died  in  Harrison  county  in  18.j2, 
aged  09;  an  able  lawyer  and. upright  man.  He 
was  the  hrothcv  of  Robert  T. 

TKOOST,  Gek.\ud,  ^I.  ]).,  died  at  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  Aug.  10,  1850,  aged  74  ;  long  a  professor 
in  the  university  of  N.  He  was  born  in  Hol- 
land ;  cnme  to  this  country  in  1810  ;  was  first 
president  of  the  academy  of  natural  sciences  at 
Philadelphia.  In  1825  ho  joined  Owen's  com- 
munity in  Ohio.  As  State  geologist,  his  rejiorts 
were  deemed  very  valuable.  —  Cycl.  of  Amcr. 
Lit. 

TROTT,  Nicholas,  chief  justice  of  South 
Carolina,  was  born  in  England  in  1C63.  In  1700 
he  was  speaker  of  the  assembly,  and  a  friend  of 
the  people.  Being  appointed  chief  justice,  he 
espoused  the  cause  of  the  proprietors,  and  drew 
upon  himself  the  popular  resentment.  He  died 
at  Charleston  in  1740,  aged  77  ;  Richard  Alleyn 
succeeded  him.  lie  was  learned  in  Hebrew.  He 
revised  and  published  the  laws  of  South  Carolina 
before  1734. 

TROTTER,  George,  general,  died  near  Lex- 
ington, Ky.,  in  1815,  aged  37.  Born  in  Virginia, 
he  served  under  Harrison  in  the  war  of  1812. 
Until  a  few  weeks  before  his  death  he  had  be- 
stowed no  thoughts  upon  religion.  Then  he 
took  up  his  bible,  and  continued  to  read,  until 
seized  with  a  fatal  disease.  His  last  words 
seemed  to  be  this  prayer :  "  O  Lord,  be  mercii'ul 
to  me  a  sinner." 

TROUP,  Robert,  colonel,  died  at  New  York 
in  1832,  aged  84.  He  was  an  ofTicer  in  the  war 
of  the  Revolution.  He  published  a  letter  on 
the  lake-canal  pohcy  of  New  York,  1822. 

TllOUP,  George  M.,  governor  of  Georgia, 
died  in  South  CaroHna  in  180C.  Born  in  Geor- 
gia, he  was  senator  of  the  United  States  in  1816, 
and  was  governor  in  1823.  In  a  dispute  with 
the  general  government  respecting  the  removal 
of  the  Creeks,  he  disregarded  the  treaty,  and 
ordered  the  State  militia  to  be  in  readiness  to 
resist  any  troops  of  the  United  States.  He  left 
the  chair  of  State  in  1827,  and  from  182S  served 
six  years  again  in  the  .senate.  He  was  a  great  ad- 
vocate of  southern  State  rights,  of  which  jjarty  he 
was  a  candidate  for  the  presidency  in  1852. 

TROWBRIDGE,  Caleu,  minister  of  Groton, 
Mass.,  died  in  1760,  aged  C8.    He  graduated  at 


TRUMBULL. 


790 


Ilaivard  in  1710.  His  jiredccessors  were  S. 
Wilhinl.  G.  llobart,  1).  liradstreet ;  his  NiRtcssor 
was  S,  l)aiia. 

TROWBKIIXii;,  l-.iiMiM),  a  judge  of  the 
supreme  court,  died  at  ('I'.mliridge  in  1703,  agtd 
94.  His  original  •.u\n\e  was  (iotf.  liom  in  New- 
ton in  1700,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1728; 
was  attorney-general  in  17l'.»;  was  njijiointed 
judge  in  17(J7  ;  but,  being  atiacli"d  to  tlie  nnal 
government,  resigned  in  1772.  It  was  before  liim 
that  Capt.  Preston,  defended  by  Mr.  Adams,  was 
tried. 

TROWBRIDGi:,  Amasa,  Dr.,  of  Watertown, 
N.  Y.,  was  killed  by  l;eing  run  over,  as  he  was 
riding,  by  horses  in  a  lumber  wagon,  in  1841, 
aged  27.  He  was  eminent  as  a  ])hysician  and 
surgeon ;  and  so  was  his  father  of  the  same 
name,  who  removed  from  Watertown  to  be  a 
professor  in  the  Willoughby  instiuite,  Ohio.  — 
Will  id  his'  Med.  JUik/. 

TRO\VBRU)GE."  Henry,  died  in  New  Haven 
in  1849,  aged  70 :  l)e(iiieatliing  to  the  board  of 
foreign  missions  5,000  dollars ;  and  5,000  to  the 
home  missionary  society;  2,000  to  the  bible 
society;  2,000  to  the  seamen's  friend  society; 
2,000  to  the  poor  of  the  first  Congregational  so- 
ciety, etc.,  —  in  all,  25,000  dollars. 

TRUE,  Hknuy,  the  first  minister  of  Hamp- 
stead,  N.  II.,  died  in  17tS2,  ngcd  al)out  57.  He 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1750,  and  was  ordained 
in  1752.     Daniel  Kelley  succeeded  him. 

TRUE,  Jaisicz,  Dr.,  died  at  Marietta,  of  an 
epidemic  fever,  in  1823,  aged  03.  He  was  born 
in  llampstead,  N.  II.,  the  son  of  Rev.  Henry 
True,  and  studied  jihysic  with  Dr.  Flagg.  He 
emigrated  to  Marietta  in  the  summer  of  1788. 
His  professional  services  were  often  attended  with 
danger  from  the  Indians  in  the  bridle-paths  of 
twenty  or  thirty  miles.  In  1799  he  joined  the 
church  and  became  its  deacon.  He  was  cheerful, 
benevolent,  pious  ;  and  be  had  an  excellent  wife, 
an  aid  to  him  in  his  deeds  of  charity.  He  once 
caugiit  a  boy  on  a  tree  in  his  garden,  who  was  in 
pursuit  of  the  summer  sweeting  ;  and  said  :  "Ah, 
James!  you  are  on  the  wrong  tree;  come  down, 
my  lad."  And  when  he  came  down,  he  showed 
him  the  best  tree,  and  with  a  pole  helped  him  to 
apples,  telling  him  to  call,  when  he  wanted  the 
good  apples.  The  boy  was  cured  of  his  habit. 
—  Ilildrelh. 

TRUl',,  Benjamin,  a  printer  in  Boston,  died 
in  1845,  aged  80.  He  published  the  Boston 
Yankee,  and  Vas  then  associated  in  the  Boston 
Statesman.  He  was  patriotic,  honest,  benevo- 
lent. 

TRUMBULL,  Jon.vtiian,  governor  of  Con- 
necticut, died  Aug.  17,  1785,  aged  74.  He  was 
the  eon  of  Joseph  T.  of  Lebanon,  descended 
from  John  T.,  who  came  from  England  and  lived 
in  Rowley,  Mass.,  in  1C40-43,  whose  son,  John,  le- 


800 


TRUMBULL. 


TUUMUULL. 


moved  to  SufficUl,  and  Jiin  son,  Joseph,  settled  at  I 
Lt-'l)nnoii.  Ik'  was  linrn  in  1710,  and  was  fjrndti-  ^ 
alt'd  at  Harvard  coll('>,'e  in  17L"7.  He  was  cho- 
sen >;ovcrnor  in  17()!(,  and  was  annually  elccled 
till  17M.'J,  wlien  he  rcsi(,'ned,  liavinf;  been  occujiied 
for  iH'ly  years  without  interru])tion  in  ])ul)lic  em- 
jiloynientR,  and  having  rendered  during  ei;,'lit 
years'  war  the  most  imjiortant  services  to  his 
country.  Having  seen  the  termination  of  the 
contest  in  the  cstahlishment  of  the  independence 
r  r  riea,  he  willulrew  from  public  labors,  that 
tfilit  devote  himself  to  the  concerns  of  relig- 
iuv.,  and  to  a  better  jireparation  for  his  future 
e:-.istence.  His  wife  was  Faith  RobinRon,  a  de- 
scendant of  John  R.  of  Leyden,l)y  whom  he  had 
four  sons  and  two  daughters ;  Joseph  was  com- 
missary-general in  177.J,  and  died  unmarried ; 
John  was  aid  to  Gen.  I.ee;  David  died  in  Leba- 
non Jan.  17,  1S22,  aged  71  ;  Faith  married  Gen. 
Huntington;  Mary  married  Gen.  William  Wil- 
liams of  Lebanon.  On  the  death  of  his  wife. 
Faith  Trumbull,  T.  Sionc  ])ul)lished  a  sermon 
in  1780.  Washington,  in  a  letter  of  condolence 
on  his  death  to  one  of  his  sons,  wrote  thus : 
"  Under  this  loss,  however  great  as  your  pangs 
may  have  been  at  the  first  shock,  you  ha.'e  every 
thing  to  console  yon.  A  long  and  well-s])ent 
life  in  the  service  of  his  country  placed  Gov. 
Trumbull  among  the  first  of  patriots;  in  the 
social  duties  he  yielded  to  none ;  and  his  lamp 
from  the  common  course  of  nature  being  nearly 
extinguished,  worn  down  with  age  and  cares,  but 
retaining  his  mental  faculties  in  perfection,  are 
blessings  which  attend  rarely  his  advanced  life. 
All  these  combining  have  secured  to  his  memory 
universal  res])cct  here,  and  no  doubt  increasing 
ha])piness  hereafter."  A  long  letter  of  Gov.  T. 
\i\mn  the  war  is  printed  in  the  historical  collec- 
tions. 

TRUMBULL,  Jox.miAN,  governor  of  Con- 
necticut, the  son  of  the  jn'eceding,  died  Aug.  7, 
1809,  aged  69.  He  was  born  in  L(>banon  March 
20,1740;  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
1759 ;  and  settled  in  his  native  town.  From 
1775  to  the  close  of  the  campaign  in  1778,  he 
was  paymaster  to  the  army  in  the  northern  de- 
partment. In  1780  he  was  appointed  secretary 
and  first  aid  to  Washington,  in  the  enjoy- 
ment of  whose  confidence  and  friendship  and 
in  whose  family  he  remained  until  the  end  of  the 
war.  In  March,  1789,  he  was  a  member  of  con- 
gress; in  1791  speaker  of  the  house;  and  in 
1794  a  senator  of  the  United  States.  In  1798 
he  succeeded  Wolcott  as  governor,  and  remained 
in  office  eleven  years  till  his  death.  lie  died  of 
dro])sy  of  the  heart  at  Lebanon  Aug.  7, 1809, 
aged  09.  He  had  no  children.  His  wife,  Eunice 
Backus,  died  at  New  Haven  Feb.,  1826,  aged  70. 
In  deliberative  assemblies  he  presided  with  great 
dignity,  being  graceful  in  manner  and  elegant  in 


language.  His  incorrujitible  integrity  was  united 
with  a  sound  judgment  and  extensive  knowledge. 
To  the  ancient  religious  jjrinciples  of  New  F.ng- 
land  he  was  zealously  attached.  It  was  with 
serenity  and  Christian  hojje,  founded  on  the 
atonement  made  for  sin,  that  he  met  the  king  of 
terrors. 

TRUMBULL,  Benjamin,  D.  D.,  an  historian, 
minister  of  North  Haven,  Conn.,  died  Feb.  2, 
1820,  aged  85.  He  was  the  grandson  of  Benoni 
T.,  the  brother  of  the  first  Gov.  T.'s  father.  He 
was  a  native  of  Hebron,  and  lived  long  in  the 
fa.iiily  of  Dr.  Wheelock.  He  graduated  at  Yale 
college  in  1759;  was  ordained  Dec.  25,  17()(). 
His  widow  died  in  June,  1825,  aged  92.  His 
daughter  Martha,  widow  of  Rev.  Aaron  Wood- 
ward, died  in  1851.  With  a  salary  not  exceed- 
ing 400  dollars  he  left  a  good  estate,  the  result  of 
his  ])rudence  and  industry.  In  the  sermon  at  his 
ordination.  Dr.  Wheelock  urged  upon  the  peo- 
])le  the  duty  of  providing  for  him ;  hut  said  he 
should  not,  if  he  believed  him  to  be  "  a  sensual, 
sleej)y,  Inzy,  dumb  dog,  that  cannot  bark."  His 
historical  works  are  valuable.  He  published 
essays  in  favor  of  the  claim  of  Connecticut  to  the 
Susquehannah  country,  in  the  Journal,  1774;  ser- 
mon at  a  thanksgiving,  1783;  a  treatise  on 
divorces,  1788;  at  the  orc'.inaiion  of  Mr.  Holt, 
1789  ;  a  century  sermon,  1801 ;  address  on  prayer 
and  family  religion,  1804 ;  twelve  discourses  on 
the  Divine  origin  of  the  Scriptures  ;  history  of 
Connecticut,  vol.  T.,  8vo.,  1797;  vol.  ii.,  1818; 
history  of  the  United  States  to  1705,  vol.  i.,  1819. 
—  Spragne's  Annals. 

TRUMBULL,  John,  LL.  D.,  judge,  a  poet, 
died  May  10, 1831,  aged  81.  A  descendant  of 
John  T.  of  Suffield,  he  was  the  son  of  John  T., 
minister  of  Watertown,  Conn.,  who  died  Dec.  13, 
1787,  aged  72  ;  his  mother  was  Sarah  Whitman, 
daughter  of  Rev.  Samuel  W.  of  Farmington, 
and  grand-daughter  of  S.  Stoddard.  He  was 
born  in  1750.  His  father  directed  his  early 
studies,  and  at  the  age  of  seven  he  was  judged 
qualified  for  admission  to  college.  He  was  grad- 
uated at  Yale  in  1707.  From  1771  to  1773  he 
was  a  tutor,  and  in  this  period  he  published  his 
poem,  the  progress  of  dulness,  which  had  a 
great  sale.  Having  studied  law  with  John  Adr 
ams  at  Boston,  he  settled  at  Hartford  in  1781, 
and  became  distinguished  in  his  profession.  In 
1784  he  published  his  celebrated  poem,  McFingal, 
which  had  thirty  editions.  About  the  year  1797 
his  feeble  health  withdrew  him  from  business. 
He  was  the  victim  of  hypochondria.  But  from 
1801  to  1819  he  was  a  judge  of  the  superioi 
court.  In  1820  he  revised  his  works,  for  which 
he  received  a  handsome  compensation.  Having 
in  1820  removed  with  his  wife  to  Detroit,  to  re- 
side in  the  family  of  his  son-in-law,  Mr.  Wood- 
bridge,  he  there  died.    His  wife  was    Sarah, 


TRUMBULL. 

daughter  of  Col.  Lcvcrctt  Iluhbanl  of  New  Iln- ! 
veil.     lie  had  twonisterH;  one  murried  I)r.  Caleb  i 
I'erkinH  of  West  Hartford,  and  the  other  Ilev. ; 
Tinio.  Lnngdon  of  Danbury.     From  early  life  he 
■was  a  profefsor  of  reli|:;ion,  whose  consolntions 
he  experienced  in  his   last  duvH.     IUh  poetical 
works*  were  published  in  2  vols.  Hvo.,  1820. 

TllUMHULL,  John,  colonel,  the  painter,  died 
in  New  York  Nov.  10,  184;i,  aged  87.  He  was 
the  son  of  Gov.  T.,  and  born  at  Lebanon,  and 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1773.  In  the  war  ho 
was  a  member  of  Washington's  family,  his  aid-de- 
campi  and  adjutant  under  Gates.  After  the  war 
he  went  to  Europe  to  perfect  himself  in  the  art 
of  painting,  and  studied  with  Benjamin  West. 
He  was  a  fifth  commissioner  under  the  Jay  treaty, 
with  Pinckney  and  Gore,  for  the  settlement  of 
American  claims  upon  England.  His  four  great 
historical  paintings  are  in  the  Capitol  at  Wash- 
ington,—  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  the 
Surrender  at  Saratoga,  the  Surrender  of  Com- 
wallis,  and  the  llesignation  of  Washington. 
The  Trumbull  gallery,  which  he  presented  to 
Yale  college,  contains  fifty-five  of  his  paintings. 
— N.  Y.  Observer,  Nov.  15. 

TRUSSELL,  Moses,  died  at  New  London, 
N.  H.,  in  1843,  aged  83.  At  Bunker  Hill  bactle, 
while  speaking  to  a  friend,  a  ball  from  a  ship  took 
off  one  of  his  hands  and  also  one  of  his  friend's. 

TRUX '.'  S,  Thomas,  a  naval  commander,  died 
May  5,  r  ,  afi'X  67.  The  son  of  a  lawyer,  he 
was  born  on  Long  Island  Feb.  17,  1755.  He 
early  went  to  sea.  Early  in  1776  he  sailed  as  a 
lieutenant  in  the  private  armed  ship,  the  Con- 
gress ;  captures  were  made  off  Havana,  and  of  one 
of  the  prizes  he  took  the  command  and  brought 
her  to  New  Bedford.  In  June,  1777,  ho  com- 
manded the  Independence,  fitted  out  by  himself 
and  Isaac  Scars,  and  off  the  Azores  captured  three 
large  and  valuable  ships.  He  afterwards  sailed 
in  the  Mars.  His  prizes  were  numerous.  Sailing 
iu  the  St.  James  of  twenty  guns,  in  a  severe  en- 
gagement he  disabled  a  British  ship  of  thirty-two 
guns.  He  returned  from  France  with  a  most 
valualile  cargo.  After  the  war,  residing  at  Phil- 
adeljihia,  he  was  extensively  concerned  in  trade  to 
Europe  and  Asia.  In  1794  he  was  intrusted  with 
the  command  of  the  Constellation,  in  which,  Feb. 
9,  1799,  he  captured  the  French  ship,  L'lnsur- 
gente,  of  superior  force,  losing  one  man  killed  and 
two  wounded ;  the  enemy  lost  twenty -nine  killed 
and  forty-four  wounded.  Feb.  1, 1800,  he  gained  a 
victory  over  La  Vengeance,  of  fifty-four  guns  end 
500  men,  but  one  of  his  own  masts  falling,  the  si- 
lenced vessel  escaped  in  the  night.  For  this  action 
congress  gave  him  a  golden  medal.  Being  ap- 
pointed to  command  the  expedition  against  Tripoli, 
but  denied  the  assistance  of  a  captain  to  command 
his  flag  shij),  he  declined  the  service.  Jcflerson  for 
this  dismissed  liim.  In  1816  he  was  high  sheriff 
101 


TUCKER. 


801 


of  Philndelphia,  and  rcmaiiicil  in  that  office  till 
181!).  11..  di.d  iit  I'liiladelphia.  His  only  re- 
miiiMiiig  son,  William,  died  at  Key  West  in  April, 

isao. 

TRYON,  WlLMAM.  died  Jan.  27,  1788.  Ho 
was  once  governor  of  New  York.  He  and  Com- 
modore Collier  conducted  the  attack  u|)on  New 
Haven  in  1779,  when  twenty-seven  were  killed, 
and  among  the  wminded  was  Dr.  Daggett,  pro- 
fessor of  divinity,  who  wa»  barbarously  treated. 
—  lUirhrr'n  i'dun.  Hist,  ('ol 

TUCK,  Hknuv,  a  ministi  r.  died  in  Lincoln 
county,  N.  C,  in  1837,  aged  1)7. 

TUCKE,  John,  minister  of  Oosport,  Isles  of 
Shoals,  a  graduate  of  1723,  died  Aug.  12, 1773, 
aged  71.  Hull,  Brock,  Belcher,  and  Moody  had 
previously  preached  on  the  Isles.  His  son,  John, 
was  a  chaplair  in  the  army.  He  was  an  industri- 
ous, faithful,  learned  minister,  and  a  useful  phy- 
sician. He  jjubllshcd  a  sermon  at  the  ordination 
of  his  son,  1761. 

TUCKE,  John,  first  minister  of  Epsom,  N.  IL, 
died  in  1777,  aged  36.  Born  in  Oosport,  the  son 
of  J.  T.,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1758,  and 
was  pastor  from  1761  to  1774. 

TUCKi^R,  John,  I).  D.,  minister  of  Newbury, 
Mass.,  died  March  22, 1792,  aged  72.  He  was 
born  at  Amesbury,  and  was  graduated  at  Har- 
vard college  in  1741.  He  was  ordained  colleague 
with  Christopher  Tappan,  Nov.  20,  1745.  As 
there  was  not  a  jierfect  union  in  the  invitation 
which  was  given  him,  he  hesitated  long  ;  but,  as 
the  opposition  arose  from  contrariety  of  sentiment 
which,  probably,  would  continue  to  exist,  he  was 
induced  to  accept  the  call.  Those  who  dissented, 
formed  with  others  the  Presbyterian  society,  of 
which  Jonathan  Parsons  was  the  first  minister. 
Mr.  Moor  succeeded  him.  He  possessed  a  strong 
and  well-furnished  mind,  and  in  argumentation 
exhibited  peculiar  ingenuity.  He  was  habitually 
meek  and  placid,  but  when  called  to  engage  in 
controversy  he  defended  himself  with  courage 
and  with  the  keenness  of  satire.  He  published 
a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of  Edmund  Noyes, 
17C1 J  four  sermons,  on  the  danger  of  sinners 
hardening  their  hearts,  on  God's  special  care  over 
tlie  righteous  under  calamities,  on  the  reconcilia- 
tion of  sinners  to  God,  and  on  being  born  of  God, 
1756;  at  a  thanksgiving,  1756;  on  the  doctrines 
and  uncharitabloness  of  J.  Parsons,  as  exhibited 
more  especially  in  his  late  discourses,  1757;  at 
the  ordination  of  A.  Moody,  1763;  account  of  an 
ecclesiastical  council,  to  which  is  annexed  a  dis- 
course, being  a  minister's  appeal  tc  his  hearers 
as  to  his  life  and  doctrines,  1767  ;  two  discourses 
on  the  death  of  J.  Lowell,  1767;  remarks  on  a 
sermon  of  A.  Hutchinson;  the  rejjly  of  A.  Hutch- 
inson considered,  1768;  a  letter  to  J.  Chandler; 
a  reply  to  Mr.  Chandler's  answer,  17G8;  remarks 
onMr.Chandler'sserious  address,  17C8;  at  the  con- 


802 


TUCKER. 


TUDOR. 


Yention  of  miniHtorn,  ITCH;  two  Hermonn,  on  the 
condition  of  salvation,  and  on  the  nature  and  nc- 
cesnity  of  the  Father'H  drawing;  such  aw  come  tu 
Christ,  17G9i  at  the  election,  1771)  remarks  on 
a  discourse  of  J.  I'arfons,  1774;  the  Dudleian 
lecture,  1778j  and  a  sermon  at  Newbury  port, 
1788.  —  Sprague's  AnnaU. 

TUCKER,  Jedidiaii,  first  minister  of  Loudon, 
N.  II.,  died  in  1818,  aged  67.  He  was  settled  in 
1780. 

TUCKER,  Jamks  W.,  minister  in  Rowley, 
Mass.,  died  in  IHIO,  aged  32.  He  graduated  at 
Yale  in  1807.  He  published  a  sermon  on  the 
national  fast,  1810. 

TUCKER,  Thomas  Tudor,  treasurer  of  the 
United  States,  died  in  Washington  May  1,  1828, 
aged  83.  He  was  a  patriot  of  the  Revolution,  a 
member  of  the  first  congress,  a  faithful  public 
officer,  and  estimable  in  private  life.  He  died  in 
a  resigned  and  pious  frame  of  min'!. 

TUCKER,  St.  Geouoe,  judge,  died  in  Nelson 
county,  Virginia,  in  Nov.,  1827,  aged  75.  Born 
in  Bermuda,  he  was  educated  at  William  and 
Mary  college.  Ho  had  been  a  judge  of  the  State 
court,  and  was  appointed  in  1813  judge  of  the 
district  court  of  the  United  States,  in  the  place  of 
Tyler,  deceased.  In  1778  he  married  the  mother 
of  John  Randolph.  He  succeeded  £.  Pendleton 
as  judge  of  the  court  of  appeals  in  1803.  He 
wrote  poetry.  A  piece  of  three  stanzas  is  ad- 
mired, the  two  first  relating  to  his  "  youth."  The 
last  stanza  is  the  following : 

"  Daya  of  my  ago,  ye  vrill  shortly  be  put; 
Fsing  of  my  age,  yet  a  while  ye  can  last ; 
Joys  of  my  age,  In  true  wisdom  delight ; 
Eyes  of  my  ngc,  bo  religion  your  light; 
Thoughts  of  my  age,  dread  ye  nottho  cold  sod; 
Hopes  of  my  age,  be  yeflz'd  on  your  Qod." 

Hr  was  a  patriot  of  the  Revolution,  a  man  of 
tasiu  and  of  an  amiable  character.  He  published 
an  examination  of  the  question,  how  for  the  com- 
mon law  of  England  is  the  law  of  the  United 
States;  a  treatise  on  slavery,  1796;  letter  on  the 
alien  and  sedition  laws,  1799 ;  commentaries  on 
Blackstone.  —  Cycl.  o/Amer.  Lit. 
■  TUCKER,  Samuel,  commodore,  died  at  Bre- 
men, Me.,  in  1833,  aged  85.  Born  in  1747,  the 
son  of  a  shipmaster  at  Marblehead,  he  was  placed 
on  board  the  frigate  Royal  George,  at  the  age  of 
twelve.  As  commander  of  the  ship  Phoenix  hesailed 
from  Boston  to  London  just  before  the  war.  Re- 
turning in  a  vessel  of  Robert  Morris,  he  was  the 
means  of  saving  it  in  a  storm.  Washington  soon 
sent  him  a  commission  in  the  navy  as  captain, 
which  was  soon  followed  by  that  of  commodore, 
Manley  being  sick  at  Beverly.  In  every  battle 
he  conquered.  His  last  years  were  employed  in 
agricultural  pursuits,  tfa  j  war  having  left  him  in 
affluence. 


TUCKER,  Ei)ENE2i:r,  a  soldier  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, died  at  Tuckcrlon,  N.  J.,  in  1843,  aged  87. 
lie  hi'ld  various  olliccti,  and  was  a  nicmbcr  of 
congress. 

TUCKER,  Hemiy  St.  GEonop.,  judge,  died  nt 
WinchcHtcr,  Va.,  Aug.  2S,  1848,  aged  09.  Ho 
wos  professor  of  law  in  the  university  of  Virginia, 
and  a  judge  in  the  State  and  national  courts ;  hIho 
a  member  of  congress.  lie  was  learned  and  ac- 
complished. He  publiKhed  various  treatiNcs  of  law. 

TUCKER,  EnENEZEU,  the  first  minister  of  I'hil- 
ipston,  died  at  Heath  in  1848.  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1783;  was  pastor  of  P.  from  1780  to 
1799;  then  removed  to  Heath  as  his  place  of 
residence. 

TUCKER,  Bevekley,  judge,  professor  in 
William  and  Mary  college,  died  at  Winchester, 
Va.,  Aug.  26,  1851,  aged  07.  He  was  the  son  of 
Henry  St.  George  T.;.  studied  law;  removed  from 
Virginia  to  Missouri  in  1815,  and  there  was  ap- 
pointed a  judge.  In  1830  he  returned  to  Vir- 
ginia. He  held  to  the  States-right  doctrines.  He 
published  a  work  on  pleading ;  lectures  on  gov- 
ernment ;  three  novels,  George  Balcombe,  Parti- 
san Leader,  and  Gertrude.  — Cycl.of  Amer.  Lit. 

TUCKER,  Edward,  a  minister  of  the  Univer- 
salists,  died  at  Jamaica  Plain  in  1853,  aged  70. 
He  was  a  minister  in  Salem  in  1808;  then  in 
Charleetown  and  Portsmouth.  Next,  at  Charl- 
ton, he  was  connected  with  a  Unitarian  society. 

TUCKERMAN,  Joseph,  D.  D.,  died  April  20, 
1840,  aged  62.  He  was  born  at  Boston  in  1778 ; 
was  graduated  in  1798;  and  was  pastor  in  Chel- 
sea from  1801  to  1826.  Out  of  regard  to  the 
neglected  poor  in  Boston,  he  acted  as  a  minister 
at  large,  and  was  the  almoner  of  many  charities. 
He  died  at  Havana  in  Cuba. 

TUDOR,  Samuel,  first  minister  of  V/intonbury 
church  in  Windsor,  Conn.,  died  in  1757,  aged 
about  50.  He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1728;  and 
was  a  descendant  of  Owen  Tudor  from  Wales,  an 
early  settler  of  Windsor,  whose  son  Samuel  com- 
menced the  settlement  on  the  east  side  of  Connec- 
ticut river. 

TUDOR,  Elihu,  M.  D.,  died  at  East  Windsor 
March  6,  1826,  aged  93.  He  graduated  at  Yale 
in  1760.  His  wife  was  Miss  Brewster,  a  dcscLnd- 
ant  of  Elder  B.  Though  an  Episcopailian  he  was 
a  communicant  in  the  Congregational  church. 
He  was  a  son  of  Rev.  Samuel.  He  was  a  sur- 
geon with  Wolfe  in  1759,  and  at  the  capture  of 
Havana  in  1762,  and  afterwards  in  the  hospitals 
of  England.  Discharged  at  his  own  request  on 
half-pay,  he  returned  to  America  and  lived  on 
the  paternal  farm  sixty  years.  He  lived  to  be 
the  oldest  surviving  graduate  of  Yale.  —  Thacher'n 
Med.  Biog. 

TUDOR,  William,  an  author,  died  March  9, 
1830,  aged  about  51.    He  was  the  son  of  Wil- 


TUFTS. 

liam  T.,  a  lawyer  and  diRtinfi^uiRhcd  citixen  of  Bos- 
ton, who  died  July  H,  l.SDI,  niid  )(rnndi«on  of  John 
T.,  who  died  in  ITWi,  nf^cd  Wi  wan  graduated  at 
Harvard  college  in  17i)(),nnd  Hcttied  in  liOMton  m 
a  lawyer.  Ifc  died  at  Kin  de  Janeiro,  where  he 
wo»  American  charge  d'afftiires.  Ho  iiublished 
a  discourKc  before  the  humane  Hociety,  1817  ;  let- 
ter* on  the  eastern  8ta*.e«,  1820;  miNCcUanicR, 
1821  i   the  life  of  JumcH  Otis,  8vo.,  1823. 

TUFTS,  Pkter.  died  in  Maiden  in  1700,  aged 
82.  He  came  from  England  in  10.'54,  and  left 
sons,  Peter,  Jonathan,  and  John,  and  four  daugh- 
ters. 

TUFTS,  Simon,  Dr.,  the  son  of  Peter,  died  in 
17'10,  aged  46,  the  first  regular-bred  physician  in 
his  native  town,  Medford,  Mass.  He  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1724.  His  circle  of  practice  em- 
braced ten  or  twelve  neighboring  towns.  On  his 
death  sermons  were  preached  at  Medford,  Bos- 
ton, Charlestown,  and  Cambridge.  To  the  poorer 
class  of  students  he  made  no  charge  for  his  ser- 
vices. He  had  two  sons,  eminent  physicians,  of 
whom  Simon  died  in  Medford  in  178(3,  aged  60. 
—  Thacher'a  Med.  Uiog. 

TUFTS,  John,  minister  of  the  second  church 
in  Newbury,  Mass.,  died  in  1750,  aged  about  63. 
He  was  a  descendant  of  Peter,  and  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1708.  He  published  a  discourse  at 
the  ordination  of  B.  Bradstreet,  1729. 

TUFTS,  Cotton,  M.  ]).,  a  physician  in  Wey- 
mouth, the  son  of  Dr.  Simon  T.  of  Medford,  died 
Dec.  8,  1815,  aged  84.  He  graduated  in  1749. 
His  practice  in  early  and  middle  life  was  exten- 
sive. He  was  a  member  of  the  convention  for 
adopting  the  constitution  of  the  United  States, 
and  a  member  of  the  State  senate.  He  wns  also  a 
deacon  of  the  church.  —  Thncher's  Med.  Diog. 

TUFTS,  Aaron,  doctor,  died  in  Dudley,  Mass., 
in  1843,  aged  73.  A  native  of  Charlestown,  he 
studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Eaton  of  Dudley  j  af- 
ter a  practice  of  a  few  years  ho  engaged  in  man- 
ufactures, and  acquired  a  handsome  fortune,  and 
occupied  a  beautiful  estate.  But  affliction  came 
upon  him.  His  son,  G.  A.  Tufts,  a  graduate  of 
1818,  a  senator,  died  in  1835,  greatly  lamented. 
TULLAll,  David,  died  at  Sheffield,  Mass.,  in 
1839,  aged  90.  He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1774, 
and  was  the  minister  of  many  towns :  of  Milford, 
Conn.,  from  1780  to  1803;  of  Kowley  from  1803 
tu  1810  ;  of  Hawley ;  of  Windsor,  Vt.  j  of  Cale- 
donia, N.  Y.;  of  Ipswich  Line-brook  church  from 
1823  to  1831,  laboring  there  with  great  success. 
TULLY,  John,  died  in  Middletown,  Conn., 
in  1701.  He  came  from  England,  and  was  a 
maker  of  almanacs  from  1681  to  his  death. 

TUPPER,  Thomas,  of  Lynn,  removed  to  Sand- 
wich in  1637,  and  died  in  1676,  aged  96.  Ann, 
his  wife,  died  in  1676,  aged  96.  He  and  Richard 
Bourne  were  the  purchasers  of  the  Sandwich 
lands  in  1637,  both  mea  of  wealth.    In  his  re- 


TURNER. 


803 


gard  for  the  npirituol  interests  of  the  Indinnn  ho 
prenchc'd  to  tin  ni,  although  hi'  wan  not  educated 
for  the  Miinistry.  lie  foimdod  an  Indian  chureh 
near  Herring  river,  lupplied  with  a  3Ucceii<iion 
of  minisferit  of  his  name.  A  paRlor,  his  great 
grandson,  died  ir.  17K7.  —  Wu<.  VuU.  Ui.  188,  and 
1.2(11;  A.  /■;.  Memorial. 

TUl'PEll,  Bi:.NJAMiN,  general,  died  at  Marietta, 
Ohio,  in  June,  1702,  aged  CM.     Born  in  Stough- 
ton,  now  Sharon,  ho  was  apjirenticed  to  Mr.  Wil- 
kington,  a  farmer  in  Dorchester.     He  lived  in 
Easton  and  Chesterfield,  serving  in  the  war,  and 
reaching  the   rank   of  colonel.    Ho   and   llufus 
Putnam  originated  the  Ohio  company.    He  trav- 
elled with  wagons  to  the  Ohio,  and  reached  Mari- 
etta Aug.  9,  1788.    A  professor  of  religion,  he 
encouraged  public  worship  in  the  new  settlement. 
Daniel  Story  was  the  first  miniKter.    His  wife  was 
H.  White.    Of  his  children,  Maj.  Anselm  died 
at  Marietta  in    1808;    Col.  Benjamin  died  at 
Putnam  in  1815 ;  Gen.  Edward  W.  died  atGalli- 
polis,  in  1823;  Rosanna  married  Winthrop  Sar- 
gent, and  died  in  1790  ;  Sophia  married  Nathan- 
iel Willis,  and  died  in  1789;  Minerva  married 
Col.  Nye,  and  died  at  ^Lirietta  in  1836.    Only 
Edward  W.  T.,  of  Putnam,  is  left  as  a  represent- 
ative of  the  family.  —  Ilildreih's  Diog.  Mem. 

TUPPER,  WiLMAM,  colonel,  died  at  Mon- 
son  in  1825,  aged  90,  formerly  of  Marlborough. 

TURELL,  Jank,  the  wife  of  Rev.  Ebenezer 
Turoll,  died  at  Medford  in  1735,  aged  27.  She 
was  the  daughter  of  Rev.  B.  Colman.  Her  men- 
tal powers  were  very  early  unfolded.  At  the  age 
of  four  she  could  repeat  the  catechism  and  many 
psalms.  At  the  age  of  eleven  she  began  to  write 
poetry.  Her  memoirs  with  her  poems  were  pub- 
lished in  1735.  —  ('yd.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

TURELL,  EBENi:zKn,  second  minister  of 
Medford,  Mass.,  died  Dec.  5,  1778,  aged  76. 
He  was  a  native  of  Boston ;  was  graduated  at 
Harvard  college  in  1721 ;  and  was  ordained  Nov. 
25,  1724,  as  successor  of  Aaron  Porter.  Dr. 
Osgood  was  his  successor.  He  was  an  eminent 
preacher,  of  a  ready  invention,  a  correct  judg- 
ment, and  fervent  devotion,  who  delivered  Divine 
truth  with  animation,  and  maintained  discipline 
in  his  church  with  boldness  tempered  with  pru- 
dence. To  his  country  he  wns  a  zealous  friend  in 
all  its  interests.  After  following  to  the  gravf 
three  wives,  he  died  in  Christian  hope.  He  pub- 
lisiicu  u  sermon  at  ordination  of  S.  Cooke  ;  direc- 
tion as  to  pre'ont  times,  1742;  dialogue  abou 
the  times ;  exhortation  on  the  past ;  on  witch- 
craft, in  hist.  coll. ;  the  life  and  character  of  Dr. 
Colman,  8vo.,  1749. 

TURNBULL,  Robert  T.,  died  at  Charleston. 
S.  C,  in  1833,  aged  60 ;  reputed  as  the  ablesv 
writer  on  the  side  of  "  nullification." 

TURNEli,  Joiix,  was  one  of  the  one  hun- 
dred Pilgrims  in  ♦he  Mayflower  to  Plj-mouth  va 


804 


TURNER. 


TUTTLE. 


1620,  with  two  dona  i  hut  thoy  all  died  in  the  ArKt. 
•icknciM,  A  daiif^hter  came  over  oAerwords,  and 
won  mnrricd  at  Halrm. 

TUllXKK,  IIi'Mi'iiRKY,  a  settler  of  Scituatc 
in  1633,  died  in  1073,  leaving  among  other  chil- 
dren a  Non,  John,  who  married  Mary  DrewHtcr,  a 
daughter  of  Jonathan  UrcwRter.  Juhn'fi  son 
Ezckiel  lived  in  New  London,  and  died  in  1704, 
leaving  a  son,  Ezekicl,  and  ten  daughters,  all  of 
whoso  descendants  arc  of  coufRo  descendants  of 
Elder  Brewster  of  Plymouth.  Thomas  Turner, 
a  settler  in  Xew  London  aflor  1720,  from  whom 
many  families  are  descended,  is  supposed  to  have 
been  a  descendont  of  Humphrey.  —  Mita  Caul- 
kins'  Iliat,  New  London, 

TUllNEK,  David,  first  minister  of  Rehoboth, 
Mass.,  died  in  1757,  aged  03.  Born  in  Scituate, 
he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1 71 8,  and  was  settled 
in  1721.  The  church  grew  under  him  from  ten 
members  to  one  hundred  and  seventy.  U,  Rog- 
erson  from  England  succeeded  him,  and  then  O. 
Thompson. 

TURNER,  Philip,  a  celebrated  surgeon,  died 
in  1815,  aged  74.  He  was  born  in  Norwich, 
Conn.,  in  1740 ;  studied  with  Dr.  Elisha  Tracy, 
whose  daughter  he  married;  and  served  as  a 
surgeon  in  the  French  war  from  1750  to  1763. 
He  then  settled  in  Norwich.  In  the  Revolution- 
ary war  he  was  surgeon-general  of  the  eastern 
department.  In  1800  he  removed  to  New  York. 
He  was  soon  appointed  a  surgeon  in  the  army. 
He  died  at  York  Island.  —  Thacher. 

TURNER,  Charles,  minister  of  Duxbury, 
Mass.,  died  in  1816,  aged  about  66.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  in  1752.  He  published  a  ser- 
mon at  ordination  of  O.  Damon,  1760;  of  T. 
Haven,  1770 ;  the  election  sermon,  1773 ;  a  Plym- 
outh discourse,  1773;  two  fast  sermons,  1783. 

TURNER,  a  hermit  of  this  name,  died  on  the 
East  Rock  in  New  Haven,  Nov.  2, 1823.  He  was 
found  dead  in  his  cabin,  built  of  mud  and  stone, 
on  the  top  of  the  rock,  in  which  he  had  lived  for 
years.  He  kept  two  or  three  sheep.  He  begged 
his  food.    Of  his  history  little  was  known. 

TURNER,  Jahes,  governor  of  North  Carolina, 
died  in  Warren  county  in  1824,  aged  57.  He 
was  a  senator  of  the  U.  S. 

TURNER,  Jahes,  a  minister  in  Bedford 
coimty,  Va.,  died  in  1828,  aged  68. 

TURNER,  WiLLUH,  doctor,  died  at  Newport, 
B.  I.,  in  1837,  aged  62 ;  a  surgeon  in  the  U.  S. 
army. 

TURNER,  Edwabd,  professor  of  mathematics 
and  natural  philosophy  at  Middlebury  college, 
died  in  1838,  aged  about  40.  He  graduated  at 
Yale  in  1818. 

TURNER,  Andrew,  colonel,  a  patriot  of  the 
Revolution,  died  in  Harford  countv,  Md.,  in  1840, 
aged  89. 

TURNER,  Geobge,  captain,  a  Revolutionary 


Soldier,  died  in  Philadelphia  in  18-13,  agrd  f)3. 
He  woM  born  in  England.  In  tliu  war  he  had  a 
commniid  in  8.  C,  and  was  dlNtinguiNhiMl  in  ko- 
vere  rngngcments.     Washington  CHttcmi'd  liim. 

TL'KNKK,  I)AMKi,,romni«dore,  died  in  I'hil 
udelphia  in  IK-IO  or  1H5().     His  first  commiKsion 
in  the  novy  was  in  1808.     In  the  battle  of  luke 
Erie  in  1814  hr  commanded  the  C'aledania. 

TURNKU,  George  F.,  M.  1)..  died  ot  ('ori)us 
Christi  in  1854,  aged  47.  He  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1820.  He  was  assistant  surgeon  in  I8.').'i, 
and  urgeon  in  the  army  in  1840.  lie  served  in 
Florida,  and  afterwards  at  the  falls  of  .St.  Anthony. 
In  the  Mexican  war  he  was  medical  surveyor. 

TURRILL,  Stephen,  died  in  Chorlotte,  Vt., 
Feb.  28,  1844,  aged  101.  Ho  was  a  soldier  under 
Abercrombio  in  1758,  and  served  during  the  Revo- 
lutionary war. 

TUSTEN,  colonel,  and  a  physician,  command- 
ed the  troops  assembled  at  Muiisink  to  withstand 
the  300  Indians,  who  had  destroyed  the  sctlle- 
ment  July  20,  1770.  The  question  was,  whether 
to  seek  the  enemy  at  Grassy  Swamp  brook.  Col. 
T.  gave  reasons  for  not  going  then  into  the 
woods  ;  but  a  Major  Meeker,  mounting  his  horse 
and  flourishing  his  sword  over  his  head,  desired 
the  brave  to  follow  him  and  the  cowards  to  stify 
behind.  They  marched  seventeen  miles,  when 
Col.  Hathome  arrived  and  took  the  command. 
He  was  also  averse  to  the  pursuit.  But  ogain 
Major  Meeker  flourished  his  sword  and  prevailed. 
The  troops  were  drawn  into  an  ambush,  and  after 
fighting  the  whole  day  were  defeated,  with  the 
loss  of  forty-four  valuable  citizens  of  Goshen, 
among  whom  were  Jones,  Little,  Duncan,  Vail, 
Townsend,  and  Knapp.  Dr.  Tusten  dressed  the 
wounds  of  thirteen  men  in  a  nook  of  the  rocks ;  but 
he  and  they  all  fell  under  the  tomahawk.  Such 
was  the  consequence  of  yielding  to  rash  counsel. 

TUTHILL,  A.  G.  D.,  died  at  MontpeUer,  Vt., 
June  12, 1843,  aged  67 ;  late  of  Bufialo.  He  was 
a  pupil  of  Benjamin  West,  and  known  as  an  artist, 
skilled  in  historical  and  portrait  painting. 

TUTTLE,  Moses,  the  first  minister  of  Gran- 
ville, Mass.,  died  in  Southold,  L.  I.,  in  1785,  aged 
65.  He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1745,  and  was  set- 
tled in  1747,  and  dismissed  in  1754.  His  suc- 
cessors were  J.  Smith  and  Dr.  Cooley. «  His  wife 
Was  Martha,  the  daughter  of  Rev.  Timothy  Ed- 
wards. If  report  is  true,  her  temper  was  not 
sweet.  On  the  appointed  day  of  marriage  he 
failed  to  appear,  in  consequence  of  a  flood  in  the 
Connecticut.  When  he  appeared,  she  at  last 
consented  to  an  interview,  when  she  asked, 
"  Why  did  j'ou  not  come  on  the  day  agreed 
upon  P  "  To  his  answer,  "  The  flood  made  the 
river  impassable,"  she  replied, "  That  is  no  ex- 
cuse at  all."  Perhaps  she  thought  he  was  as  good 
a  swimmer  as  Leander.  She  died  in  1794,  aged 
n.—HoUand'a Eiat.  u.  65. 


TWIOOS. 


ITTl.F.R. 


805 


TWIOOS,  or  TWIO(».  I,f;vi.  mnjor.  wriM  killed  [  ton,  (l!o(l  in  T>mi<fali|p.  ill    Klrtl,  «|tr'l   '«1.     He 
l)y  n  luiilft  tliroiiKli  liiN  Ill-art  ul  llic  Ktoiiiiin);  of    wan  lirnliirr  of  Willimn  i  wim    in   Ji.  n»  rnrlv  m 


('hn|mlti'|MT  in  Mexico,  Sept.  l:),  l.S-17,     Ilcwiiii 
tho  Mill  of  (jcn.  '{'.  of  (>u.,  unU  Imd   Kcrvi'd  hi* 
country  tliirty-four  voiirH. 

T\Vr;(  IIKLI.,  Amom,  M.  1).,  dirdin  Kcrnc, 
N.  U.,  May  'J(i,  1H.>0,  n^i'd  (il».  lie  whh  a  Nkilliii 
iihysiciiiii  and  Hurneon  i  and  rode  for  forty  venrit 
forty  inik'H  a  day.  He  sneceHKfnlly  lied  the  caro- 
tid artery  of  a  man  in  Sliaron,  wounded  liy  a  piH- 
tol.  lit'  wan  eariH'Htly  enKH)(vd  in  the  cause  of 
temperance  and  aj(iuiiHt  the  uhc  of  tobacco.  — 
N.  y.  linlependeiit,  June  'JO. 

TYLEK,  A.NDiiKW,  miniittcr  in  Dedhnm,  went 
church,  died  in  177ij,  n^ed  about  00.  He  was 
horn  in  BoNton,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
MiiH,  and  Hucceedi;d  Jo^inh  Dwinht.the  firvl  min- 
ister in  1713,  and  wat  dixmiHued  in  177:2.  T. 
Thnchor  \yas  his  succes.sor. 

TYLEll,  Samlki.,  a  jud(?o  in  chancery,  died 
hi  Williamsburg,  Va.,  in  1812. 

TYLEll,  JoiiN,  rector  in  the  Episcopal  church, 
died  at  Norwich,  Conn.,  in  lHl;i,  aged  80. 

TYLER,  KoYALL,  judge,  died  in  Urattleboro', 
Vt.,  in  Aug.,  1820,  aged  00.  Born  in  Boston,  he 
graduated  at  11  irvard  in  177G.  He  was  aid  to  Gen. 
Lincoln  in  the  Shays  rebellion.  Settling  in  Ver- 
mont, hn  was  a  successful  advocate.  He  was  a 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  twelve  years,  chief  jus- 
tice half  of  that  period.  He  was  a  poet,  scholar, 
and  an  erudite  judge,  of  elegant  manners  and  so- 
cial hal)it8.  He  published  rcport.s  in  the  supreme 
court  of  Vt.,  2  vols.,  1809-1810  j  the  Algerine 
captive  ;  several  comedies,  and  some  poems,  spec- 
imens of  which  may  be  found  in  the  cyclojjediu 
of  Amcr.  literature.  —  N.  Y.  Statesman,  Aug.  25. 
TYLEll,  lloYAL,  minister  of  Salem,  Conn., 
died  in  1820,  aged  about  00.  He  was  graduated 
at  Dartmouth  in  1788.  He  was  minister  in  Cov- 
entry, Andover  society,  from  1792  to  1818)  of 
Salem,  Conn.,  from  1818  to  1822. 

TYLER,  l-'DWARD  R.,  editor  oi"  ihe  New  Eng- 
lander,  died  at  New  Haven  Sept.  28,  1848,  aged 
48 ;  the  son  of  Judge  R.  Tyler,  of  Brattleboro', 
Vt.  He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1825,  and  was  a 
minister  in  Middletown,  and  men  in  Colebrook. 
He  founded  with  others  the  New  Englander,  and 
became  its  editor  and  jjroprietor  in  1843. 

TYLER,    WiLLUM,  bishop   of   the   Roman 

Catholic  church,  died  at  Pro\idence,  R.  I.,  in  1849. 

TYLER,  Joseph  D.,  an  Epi8coi)al  minister, 

died  in  Staunton,  Va.,  in  1852,  aged  48.    Born 

in  Brattleboro',  Vt.,   he  graduated  at  Yale  in 

1829.    Of  the  State  institution  for  the  deaf  and 

dumb  at  S.  he  was  the  principal  for  fifteen  years. 

TYNG,  William,  a  merchant  of  Boston,  died 

in  1053,  leaving  five  daughters  and  an  estate  of 

2774  pounds.     He  was  a  freeman  in  1038;  was 

representative,  and  treasurer  of  the  colony. 

TYNG,  Edwmid,  general,  a  merchant  of  Bos- 


Ki.'l!)  i  will  reprcMentativr,  asni^tant  fnurtei'n  yean, 
and  colonel  of  Sulfnlk  ni;im«iit.  Of  liin  dnimh- 
ters,  Hannah  married  H.  S.iviige,  Eunice  matrii-<l 
llev.  S.  Willard.  and  Uiliccca  married  (iov.  J. 
l)iidley.  Hill  Niiii,  I'.ilwaiil,  uiis  ap|iiiiiit<-d  gorer- 
iior  of  .VniiapoiJN,  but  wuh  tiikcii  priHoiirr  on  hia 
pasHnge  and  died  in  France;  and  ihiK  Edwurd'i 
son  Edward  was  a  iirave  naval  ciiiiiinnnilcr  who 
dietl  1755,  and  his  ilaiigliter  Mary  niarried  llev. 
Joliii  Fox,  and  his  daughter  Eli/.abelh  married  a 
lirotliiT  of  Dr.  Franklin. 

TY.\{J,J(iiiN,  major,  of  Chelmsfonl,  ^vas  killed 
by  tlu-  Indians  in  Aug.,  1710,  aged  about  40. 
He  gradu.itcd  at  Harvard  in  1()9I,  liMning  •wo 
sons:  Col.  Eleazer,  a  graduate  of  1712,  who 
died  in  17S2,  aged  92;  ond  Judge  John  of 
Tyngsborouj;!!,  a  graduate  of  1725,  who  died  m 
1707,  aged  92. 

TYNG,  ElkaZKB,  colonel,  died  at  Dunstable 
in  17H2,  aged  92.  The  son  of  Col.  John  of  Wo- 
burn,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1712. 

TYNG,  John,  died  April  17,  1797,  ugcd  93. 
The  son  of  John  of  Chelmsford,  he  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1725,  and  was  a  juslicc  of  the  com- 
mon  ])leas  court. 

TYNG,  DcDLKY  Atkins,  LL.  D.,  died  in  Bos- 
ton in  1829,  aged  about  70  j  a  graduate  of  1781. 
He  was  the  son  of  Dudley  Atkins,  a  merchant 
of   Newburyport.    He  assumed  tho  name   of 
Tyng  for  tlie  following  reason :    James  Tyng, 
having   large  landed  estates   in  Tyngsborough, 
died  without  a  male  heir.    His  sister  and  heir 
was  Mrs.  Winslow,  a  descendant  of  Gov.  Dudley. 
She  determined  to  moke  Mr.  Dudley  Atkins  her 
heir,  because  he  also  was  descended  from  Dudley, 
though  related  to  her  only  as  her  sixth  cousin  ; 
ho  in  consequence  took  the  name  of  Tyng.    His 
farm  of  one  thousand  acres  was  only  a  burden 
and  an  injury  to  him  j  for  it  diverted  him  from 
his  high  ])ro8pect8  in  his  iirofession.    For  yurs 
he  was  the  excellent  collector  of  Newbury  i  irt} 
but  lost  his  office  on  the  accession  of  Jefferson. 
He  then  succeeded  E.  AVilliams  as  reporter  of 
the  supreme  court,  which  station  he  honorably 
held  during  the  rest  of  his  life.    An  interesting 
account  of  his  character,  by  his  friend,  John  Low- 
ell, is  in  hist,  coll.,  3d  series,  vol.  IL 

TYTLER,  James,  eminent  for  learning,  was 
a  native  of  Scotland,  und  emigrated  to  this  coun- 
try about  the  year  1790.  He  died  at  Salem, 
Mass.,  in  Jan.,  1804,  aged  53.  He  was  poor,  and 
lived  on  a  point  of  land  at  a  little  distance  from 
the  town.  Returning  to  his  house  in  a  dark 
night,  he  fell  into  a  clny  pit  and  was  drowned. 
His  conduct  in  life  was  marked  by  jicrpotual  im- 
prudence i  yet  he  was  a  man  of  no  common  sci- 
ence and  genius.  He  was  one  of  the  editors  of 
the  Edinburgh  edition  of  the  Encyclopedia  Britac- 


BM 


ULMEK. 


niea.  Ho  piililiihcfl  on  atmwpr  to  Pninp'ii  ttf(i>  nf 
noMon,  and  a  trcatiiio  on  the  |ila|^ue  mid  yellow 
fcriT. 

UI.MKH.  Oii'iioK,  miiior-gpncrai,  died  at 
%Vnldol><iriiii)(h,  Me.,  in  Jan.,  IN20,  ngod  70. 
JJorii  in  W.  of  (icrmRn  pnrentH,  at  the  oj?e  of  'JO 
ho  could  n-itht'r  rvad  nor  wrilP.  KiiiiNtinf?  in 
the  army,  ho  wuh  with  Montgonipry  at  (jucla-c, 
at  thp  papturiiof  HiirKoyiiP,  and  in  thv  hnttlpN  of 
Ilrnndywinp  and  Monnioutli.  In  thin  period  hp 
l(>«rnpd  to  rva<l.  Settling  at  Ducktrap,  he  lie- 
camv  a  merchant,  and  wan  a  ropreNPntative  and 
•cnntor  of  MaNHoeliiiNottii,  ailerwardM  of  Maine. 
Alt  n  Ipgixlator  he  ninnifcnted  |)owerN  of  intellect 
and  of  clo(|\iencc.  Ho  was  fur  years  slicritr  of 
IIiiMCock  county,  Mc. 

lILiaCK,  Mr8.,diod  at  IIoIHr,  N.  II.,  in  17HI>, 
oklmI  HH. 

UNC^AS,  Hochem  of  the  Mohegan  IndinnH  in 
Connecticut,  in  Haid  to  have  hcen  u  I'equot  hy 
hirth  and  of  royal  dcNCpnt.  Itphclling  agninnt 
SoHHacuH,  ho  was  expelled  from  the  l'e(iuot  coun- 
try ard  hy  his  entcrjirise  hccamc  chief  of  the 
Molipganh.  To  the  Knglish  he  was  an  uniform 
friend,  at  the  time  of  their  (irst  settlement  inf'oii- 
iiecticut  and  for  many  suhscquent  years.  When 
all  llio  other  Indians  of  New  England  were  hy 
the  arts  of  Philip  comhincd  for  the  destruction 
of  the  whites,  the  sachemdom  of  Mohegan  alone 
remained  in  friendship.  He  was  n  hrave  wnrrior ; 
but  oppreNslvc  to  his  captive  suhjects.  In  l(il)7 
he  with  seventy  Mohegan  warriors  accompanied 
Capt.  Mason  in  his  expedition  against  the  I'oquots. 
At  the  destruction  of  the  Myotic  fort  and  of  the 
I'equot  race  he  and  his  Indians  formed  the  sec- 
ond line.  He  received  a  jiart  of  the  one  hundred 
and  eighty  cajitives.  As  he  had  given  some  um- 
hrage  to  the  Massachusetts  government,  he  went 
to  lloston  in  I63S,  und  making  a  present  of  wam- 
pum to  the  governor,  formed  a  treaty  of  friend- 
ship, to  which  he  was  faithful.  In  Sept.  he  made 
a  treaty  with  the  colonists  of  Connecticut,  and  he 
conveyed  to  them  in  1640  Colchester  and  all  his 
land  excepting  Mohegan.  In  1043,  when  the 
Narragansett  sachem  attacked  him  with  one 
thousand  men,  he  took  Miantunnomu  prisoner, 
and,  having  obtained  the  advice  of  the  commis- 
sioners of  the  united  colonies,  Winthrop,  Wins- 
low,  Hopkins,  etc.,  he  cut  off  his  prisoner's  head. 
This  seems  a  savage  act.  The  wonder  in  this 
case  is,  that  Christian  white  men  should  give  such 
advice.  In  1(554  ho  subdued  the  chief  at  Sims- 
bury.  In  King  Philip's  war  two  hundred  Mohe- 
gan and  Pequot  Indians  marched  with  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  whites  under  Major  Talcott  to 
Brookfield  and  Northampton ;  and  this  little 
army,  June  12th,  defeated  seven  hundred  Indians 
at  Iladley  and  saved  the  town.  In  the  summer 
there  was  a  grout  drought  at  Mohegan  j  the  com 
was  dried  up  in  August.    Uncas,  who  had  given 


LNDKRIIII.L. 

no  pnrourngrmenl  to  the  prrnching  nf  Mr.  Filrh, 
now  went  to  the  gotxl  niiin,  «iili  many  Indiiinn, 
asking  hilt  prnym  for  rain,  unit  engaging  to  uh- 
crilip  the  lilenKiiig,  if  granted,  to  tlie  nicrey  of 
(irxl  in  hearing  prayer.  A  day  of  fanting  and 
prayer  was  oliservcd;  and  the  day  following 
there  was  copious  rain.  I'licus  was  now  iin  old 
man.  He  prolialtly  died  soon  aftcrnnrdn.  Ilii* 
brother  was  N'owccpia.  Onecho,  his  eldpst  son, 
asMisted  the  I'.nglisli  in  the  war  of  1(17(1.  The 
family  declineel  in  power  with  the  deray  of  the 
tribe.  Isaiah  I'ncas  nttended  Dr.  Whcelock's 
school.  Aliout  INOO  Noah  and  John  I'nras  were 
living  I  but  the  name  is  now  extinct  at  Molipgan. 
The  regal  biirying-ground  is  not  at  Mohegiin, 
but  at  Norwich  city,  on  the  i)lain,  near  the 
house  of  the  late  ('alvin  (ioddard,  and  nenr  the 
falls  of  the  Yantic.  There  are  sevcrnl  grave- 
stones. The  inscription  on  the  stone,  not  of  the 
sachem  I'ncas,  as  Dr.  Holmes  represents,  but  of 
Samuel  I'ncas,  his  great  grandson,  who  died  in 
1741,  aged  27,  is  this  : 

K<ir  Iwiiiit.v,  wit,  niKl  «ti'rlln(C  wnun, 

Fnr  ti'tii|M'r  mllil  tiinl  t'lfNiurnrp, 

Ki>r  riiiiniirv  Ixilil  iinil  tlilnK*  Wi'rlirrKiiii, 

III'  win  till'  Kl"ry  "f  Miilii'ijnn. 

lllaili'iilh  lijiH  I'll iiwil  icri'iit  liiiniintiitlnn 

Both  tn  till'  Kngllnh  iiiiil  tliv  Iiiilian  nntlon."  I 

The  "  things  Werheegon"  ore  either  things  per- 
taining to  warfare,  ov  things  agreeable  and  wel- 
come. There  are  less  tliiiii  a  hundred  Mohegnns, 
including  those  of  mixed  blood,  now  remaining. 
Something  of  their  history  may  be  known  by 
looking  at  the  articles  Fitch,  f  )ecom,  Jos.  John- 
son, and  Tantequiggen,  in  this  l>ook.  The  French 
ond  llcvolutionary  wars,  and  above  all  the  use  of 
s])irituous  liquors,  have  nearly  exterminated  the 
trii)e.  However,  there  is  now  reason  to  ho])e  for 
amendment.  They  retain  of  their  large  territory 
two  thousand  seven  hundred  acres  of  good  Innd, 
ond  have  several  houses,  which  they  rent  to  white 
men ;  they  have  now  schools  and  o  preacher.  If 
they  can  renounce  strong  drink,  and  should  culti- 
vate their  remaining  land  diligently,  and  espe- 
cially if  the  power  of  religion  should  be  iblt 
among  them,  they  would  become  a  respectable 
and  happy  community, 

UNCAS,  Benjamin,  Indian  sachemj  died  at 
Mohegan  in  1769.  He  left  his  estate  to  his  eldest 
son,  on  condition  of  his  opposing  Mason's  claim. 

UNCAS,  Gkouge  Pegek,  died  at  Mohegan, 
or  Montville,  Conn.,  July,  1833  ;  the  lost  of  the 
royal  race.  He  was  buried  in  the  grave-yard  of 
his  ancestors  at  Norwich. 

UNCAS,  John,  an  Indian,  died  at  Norwich 
Dec.  19,  1842,  aged  89,  and  was  buried  in  the 
royal  Mohegan  burying-ground ;  the  last  male 
descendant  of  the  early  Uncas. 

UNDERHILL,  John,  captain,  of  Boston,  died 
at  Oyster  Bay,  L.  I.,  about  1672.    His  descend- 


UNDEJIWOOI). 

anta,  montly  Qiiakm,  rcninin  on  l.nnif  Inland. 
Iti>  cnmo  (i>  Ni'w  I'iikLiikI  in  U'M)  i  wnn  ri'|in>- 
•Piilntixc  cif  lloKton  i  tlicii  ctiKiiKi'iI  in  tlir  l'('i|iiot 
wur.  lie  lived  in  Dovit  ;  tlirn  ni'ttlcd  in  Stiim- 
forii,  Conn.  I  in  HtUl  In-  rrnm^til  to  FiuxliiuK. 
Wintlirop  givcN  nn  urronnt  of  Iuh  iiittiiiK  an  tin- 
•tool  of  r('|MM)tanc<'  ni  tlu'  Ihmton  cliiircli,  for 
atjtni*  otfcnc-i',  with  u  wliitc  cnp  on  liin  liuud. — 
/,7i„/;   \Vn,„r.i  Hint.  .;/'/-.  /.  i 

1:M)!:II\V(K)|).  Natuvn.  minlHUT  of  ll.ir- 
wicii.  Mu!«N.,  died  in  IMil,  ii^nl  M'.).  jlcirn  in 
Iicxin^lon,  hi-  wiui  a  Holdior  in  the  Ucvuiutionury 
war,  in  tiiv  ImttloH  of  Lcxinf^ton,  llunki'r  Hill, 
White  I'liiinii,  undTrvnton.  A  Krudiiutuuf  17H.S, 
ht!  wiiH  a  pruucliur  for  forty  yuarn  i  thu  paNtor  uf 
II.  from  ITU'J  to  IH'JS. 

Ul'DIKK,  I),\Nii;i.,  tlicd  in  KuHt  Ort'cnwich, 
U.  I.,  Juuu  li'i,  IHIJ,  aged  81  yearH.  IIIh  futiicr 
wan  l.udowick  U.,  nn  iiccompIiHhed  man ;  IiIh 
grandfather  wan  Daniel  U.,  altorney-}{i  •  eral. 
Having  Htudied  Inw  with  J.  M.  Vornum,  lie  wan 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  17H4.  He  wus  attorney- 
general  in  17U0.  He  had  a  good  Iii>rary.  Among 
hit)  cherished  relicHofthe  jiast  was  a  Hilver co".'e- 
pat,  prcHcntcd  to  hiw  grandfu  titer  by  liixhop 
Berkeley.  IIIh  parentH  died  in  old  age ;  liiw  Hur- 
viving  hrotherH  and  BiMterH  were  eight  in  number. 
UPHAM,  Cai.kh,  miniHter  of  Truro  on  Cape 
Cod,  died  in  1780,  uged  02.  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1741,  and  was  ordained  in  17*5*5.  Ho 
was  a  good  scholar,  an  animated  preacher,  and 
friend  tu  his  country.  In  his  writings  ho  indi- 
cated a  strong  toste  for  ])oetry. 

UPHAM,  Edwaud,  a  Jkptist  minister  at  Now- 
port,  Jl.  I.,  died  in  1797,  aged  about  83.  He 
was  born  in  Maiden,  probably  a  descendant  of 
Nathaniel,  a  freeman  of  M.  in  1C*53,  and  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  in  1734. 

UPHAM,  Timothy,  first  minister  of  Deer- 
field,  N.  II.,  died  in  1811,  aged  02,  in  the  thirty- 
ninth  year  of  his  mhiistry.  Uoru  at  Maiden,  he 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1708,  and  was  settled 
Dec.  0,  1772.  Ilia  sons  were  Nathaniel  of  llo- 
chestcr,  tho  father  of  Prof.  Thomas  C.  Uphom 
of  Bowdoln  college,  ond  Timotn>  j"  Ports- 
mouth. He  published  a  masonic  Ui,:  '  .  .e,  1702. 
—  N.  h.  Oeneal.  Reg.,  vol.  I. 

UPHAM,  Samuel,  captain,  a  Revolutionary 
soldier,  died  at  Montpelier,  Y\  ,  in  1848,  aged 
8<5.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  M. ; 
and  the  father  of  Senntov  Ujjham, 

UPSHUR,  Abel  P.,  secretary  of  State,  died 
Feb.  28,  1844,  aged  53,  killed  by  the  bursting  of 
a  large  wrought-iron  gun  on  board  the  steamer 
Princeton  in  the  I'otomac  river.  There  were  also 
killed  Mr.  Gilmer,  Mr.  Maxcy,  and  others.  The 
president  was  on  board.  Born  in  Virginia,  he 
studied  law  with  Wirt,  and  became  a  judge  of  the 
general  court.  In  1841  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Tyler  secretary  of  the  navy,  and  in  1843 


V.VXDr.BLYN. 


807 


»cfr«t«ry  of  State      Hr  pul.li.hifl  a  |Mniphlrt, 
re»ii-\»iiig  Storj  on  the  ccnulitution. 

I  P.SON.  l(is..M.  W.  II,  miiiiMrr  of  Ilrrliii, 
Conn.,  died  in  IsJIl,  ugid  7)i.  He  gr.tduntfd  at 
Yalr  in  I77tl,  iitnl  wax  a  Iriintfe  of  the  collfge. 

I  Slir.U,  Ji'iiv,  r,pi«c(i|,iil  niininter  at  llri»lii|, 
H.  I.,  diid  in  1H(>4.  n^,,\  h|.  He  j;radu*ud  «l 
Harvard  in  17  13. 

I'SIII'.U,  JniiN,  lieutenant-governor  of  New 
Hampxjiirc,  (lied  at  Meilford,  Miihn.,  in  1 7 '.Ml,  aged 
77.  The  Kon  of  llczekiah  of  Caniliritlge  in  l»j;iO, 
of  Itoxton  in  to  10,  he  wait  a  bookneller  and  iita- 
tioncr  in  IIonIom,  a  eolonel  and  a  roiineillor.  He 
wun  five  years  in  liin  N.  H.  ollice  from  loyj,  and 
was  reappointed  '  "7()2.  He  married  n  daugh- 
ter of  Samuel  .\ii  ,.  JioHe  cluinii  in  N.  II.  he 
HUi)|i()rted.  From  ;  ort»niouth  hi'  removed  to 
Medford.  His  ton,  John,  was  a  gradual*!  of  Har- 
vard in  17ll>,  was  a  miniittei-,  and  died  in  1775, 
aged  70,  leavii '.;  a  hun  John,  an  I'piHcopal  min- 
iHter of  PviKlol,  It.  I.,  who  graduated  in  1743  and 
died  in  ISO-l,  aged  about  Ml.  —  I'l'rmri: 

VAII  i  ,  J()Mi;i'H,  mininter  of  Iladlymc  in  Kant 
Hadd'in,  Conn.,  died  in  183N,  aged  KO,  He 
gradi...ied  at  Da  louth  m  1778.  (J.  Ruwson 
prec<'ded  him.  . '  '  had  three  noun,  who  were 
ministers,  Jon  , ":;  \y  illiain,  and  Franklin. 

VALLET,  ;  iai;u,  an  en>inenl  merchant  of 
Ne-.  ''Ilk,  died  in  1753.  >,  irn  in  France,  ho 
flc'.  to  his  ■;()untry  froui  religious  intolerance, 
an-,  wtth  one  of  the  supporters  of  the  old  French 
church  in  New  York. 

VAN  ALSTYNE,  jACon,  died  in  Fonda,  N.  Y., 
May  11,  1844,  aged  05.  Ho  was  a  soldier  of  the 
Revolution. 

VAN  AUSDALE,  Elias,  LL.  D.,  died  at 
Ni  i.ark,  N.  J.,  in  184(i,  aged  75,  a  distinguished 
member  of  the  liar,  long  president  of  the  State 
bank  at  N. 

VAN  BUREN,  John,  died  in  Kingston,  N.Y., 
in  1855,  one  of  the  oldest  lawyers  of  Ulster  bar. 
He  was  a  member  of  congress  from  1H41  to  1843. 

VANCE,  JosEl'H,  governor  of  Ohio,  died  near 
Alabama,  Ohio,  in  1852.  He  was  an  old  resident 
in  the  State ;  was  a  member  of  congress  from 
1821  to  1835,  and  governor  in  183(i. 

VAN  DER  IIEYDEN,  Jacou  I).,  tho  patroon 
of  Troy,  N.  Y.,  died  in  1809,  aged  50. 

VAN  DER  KEMP,  Fr.\.\cis  Aduu.\,  LL.D., 
died  at  Trenton,  N.  Y.,  hi  1829,  at  an  advanced 
age.  lie  was  a  native  of  Holland  and  a  man  of 
literature. 

VANDERLYN,  Peter,  Dr.,  died  at  Kingston, 
N.  Y.,in  1802. 

VANDERLYN,  John,  an  excellent  painter, 
died  in  Kingston,  N.  Y.,  his  native  place,  Sept. 
23,  1852,  aged  70.  From  1790  he  remained  in 
Paris  five  years.  His  first  historical  composition 
was  the  murder  of  Miss  McCrea  by  the  Indians. 
Marius  on  the  ruins  of  Carthage  was  iiis  master- 


808 


VAN  DYCK. 


VAN  llENSSELAER. 


piece;  it  was  removed  to  Paris  in  1808.  He 
made  many  cojiios  from  Corrcggio,  Titian,  and 
other  old  masters,  as  thcDanae,  the  Antiopc,  etc. 
He  returned  in  1813.  His  jianurnmic  exhibitions 
proved  unsuccessful  and  occasioned  pecuniary 
embarrassments.  In  1832  the  fjovernment  em- 
ployed him  to  jjaint  a  full  length  j)ortrait  of 
W&shington  for  the  representatives'  hall.  For  a 
panel  in  the  rotunda  of  the  capitol,  he  also  painted 
the  landing  of  Columbus,  lie  at  last  exhibited 
a  full  length  picture  of  Gen.  Taylor.  His  two 
prints  of  the  falls  of  Niagara  were  published  in 
1805. 

VAN  DYCK,  ABiunAM,  a  distinguished  law- 
yer, died  at  Coxsackie,  N.  Y.,  in  1835,  aged  56. 

VANE,  Sir  Henry,  governor  of  Massachu- 
setts, was  born  in  England  about  1612,  and  edu- 
cated at  0.xford.  He  then  went  to  Geneva, 
where  he  became  a  republican,  and  found  orgu- 
mcnts  against  the  established  church.  After  his 
return  to  London,  as  liis  nonconformity  displeased 
the  bishu]),  he  came  to  New  England  in  the  be- 
ginning of  1G35.  In  the  next  year,  though  he 
was  only  twenty-four  years  of  age,  he  was  chosen 
governor ;  but,  attaching  himself  to  the  party  of 
Mrs.  Hutchinson,  he  was  in  1637  superseded  by 
Gov.  Winthrop.  He  soon  returned  to  England, 
where  he  joined  the  party  against  the  king, 
though  he  was  opposed  to  the  usurpation  of 
Cromwell.  In  1651  he  was  a  commissioner  to 
Scotland.  Mackintosh  declared,  that  he  pos- 
sessed one  of  the  most  profound  minds,  not  infe- 
rior, perhaps,  to  Bacon's.  Milton  addressed  a 
beautiful  sonnet  to  him.  His  life,  by  C.  W.  Up- 
hara,  is  in  library  of  American  biography,  vol.  iv. 
After  the  restoration  he  was  tried  for  high  trea- 
son, and  beheaded  June  14,  1662,  aged  50.  He 
published  a  number  of  speeches;  the  retired 
man's  meditations,  or  the  mystery  and  power  of 
godliness,  showing  forth  the  living  word,  etc.,  4to., 
1655;  a  healing  question,  1056;  a  needful  cor- 
rective, or  balance  in  popular  government ;  the 
love  of  God  and  union  with  God ;  an  e])istle  gen- 
eral to  the  mystical  body  of  Christ,  etc.,  1662 ; 
the  face  of  the  times,  or  the  enmity  between  the 
seed  of  the  woman  and  of  the  serpent,  1662 ; 
meditations  concerning  man's  life;  meditations 
on  death;  and  a  number  of  political  tracts,  and 
pieces  relating  to  his  trial. 

VAN  GELDEU,  Mr.,  died  at  Pinotaway  town, 
N.  J.,  Feb.  28,  1818,  aged  116  years. 

VANIIINING,  Henuy,  died  in  Norton,  O.  io, 
in  1840,  aged  102;  a  soldier  of  the  Revoluti  »n, 
an  early  settler  of  O. 

VAS  HORN,  John,  Dr.,  of  Springfield,  Mr.ss., 
died  in  1805,  aged  78. 

VAN  IIOKNE,  AiiRAHAM,  minister  at  Fonda, 
N.  Y.,  died  in  1840;  forty  years  pastor  of  the 
Dutch  church. 

VAN  HOllNE,  John  P.,  died  at  New  York 


;  in  March,  1854,  leaving  in  legacies  70,000  dollars, 
I  and  the  residue  of  his  estate,  about  150,000  dol- 
lars, to  the  bil)le  society. 

VAN  LENNI^P,  Emma  L.,  wife  of  a  mission- 
ary, died  in  Smyrna  Sept.  12,  1840,  aged  20. 
She  Was  the  daughter  of  Henry  Bliss  of  Putney, 
Vt.,  and  West  Springfield,  Mass.,  and  sailed  for 
Smyrna  in  Dec,  1839.  Among  her  last  words, 
she  said,  "  Christ  is  sufficient." 

VAN  LENNEP,  Mary  E.,  Mrs.,  wife  of  Henry 
Van  Lennep,  missionary  at  Constantinople,  died 
Sept.  27, 1844.  She  was  the  only  daughter  of  Kev. 
Dr.  Hawes  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  married  in  1843. 
Her  sickness  was  the  typhus  fever.  A  memoir 
of  her  by  her  mother  was  published  in  1847. 
She  left  this  country  in  Oct.,  1843.  She  rejoiced 
in  the  privilege  of  being  a  missionary.  In  her 
last  morning,  unable  to  speak,  she  yet  "  whis- 
pered words  of  strong  hope  and  joyful  expecta- 
tion." 

VAN  NESS,  William  W.,  judge,  the  son  of 
Wm.  W.  v.,  who  died  in  1821,  aged  83,  was  born 
at  Claverack,  N.  Y.,  in  1775,  and  practised  law 
at  Hudson.  He  was  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  New  York  from  1807  till  his  resignation 
May  1, 1822,  when  he  returned  to  the  bar  at  New 
York.  Repairing  to  the  south  for  his  health, 
he  died  at  Charleston,  Feb.  28,  1823,  aged  47. 
His  eldest  daughter  married  Henry  Livingston. 
Without  any  peculiar  advantages  of  education  or 
patronage  he  rose  to  distinction  by  the  force  of 
his  talents.  He  was  a  learned,  impartial,  re- 
spected judge.  In  his  manners  he  was  courteous, 
and  in  private  life  he  was  amiable  and  beloved. 
He  died  as  a  Christian,  invoking  the  mercy  of  the 
Saviour  of  sinners.  At  a  meeting  of  the  bar  in 
New  York,  Mr.  Jay  and  Mr.  Griffin  described 
his  eminent  and  excellent  character. 

VAN  NESS,  John  P.,  general,  died  at  Wash- 
ington March  7,  1846,  aged  76.  A  native  of 
New  York,  he  married  a  daughter  of  David  Burns, 
who  inherited  a  fortune  in  Washington.  To  the 
improvement  of  the  city  he  much  contributed. 
He  presented  a  lot  for  a  church  in  1845.  He 
was  0  member  of  congress. 

VAN  NESS,  Cornelius  P.,  governor  of  Ver- 
mont, died  in  Philadelphia  Dec.  16,  1852,  aged 
71.  He  had  been  collector  of  Burlington,  chief 
justice,  and  governor  of  Vermont ;  minister  to 
Spain  nine  years ;  and  collector  of  the  port  of  New 
Yt-rk. 

VAN  NEST,  Peter,  died  in  Pemberton,  N.  J., 
Sept.  17,  1850.  He  had  been  a  Methodist  itin- 
erant minister  fifty-four  years. 

VAN  RENSSELAER,  Jeremiah,  the  founder 
of  the  family  of  that  name  in  tlie  State  of  New 
York,  a  man  of  wealth  and  a  director  of  the 
Dutch  West  India  company,  emigrated  to  New 
York  about  1660.  Others  of  the  same  name 
emigrated  about  the  same  time.    He  brought  out 


VAN  RENSSELAER. 

gettlers  from  Ilollnnd  and  purclmRcd  of  the  In- 
dians nil  extensivo  tract  around  Albany.  The 
i)urehase  vas  confirmed  by  the  Dutch  govern- 
ment and  a  patent  was  obtahiod.  After  NicoUs' 
conquest  of  the  Dutch  settlements  in  16C4,  the 
duke  of  York  granted  another  patent,  which  was 
confirmed  by  Queen  Anne,  giving  the  right  of 
holding  courts  and  of  sending  a  representative 
to  the  assembly.  By  one  of  the  family  the  manor 
was  accordingly  represented  till  the  Revolution. 
His  lands  have  descended  from  generation  to  gen- 
eration, and  are  now  held  by  the  heirs  of  his 
descendant,  Stephen  Van  R.,  formerly  lieutenant- 
governor  of  New  York. 

VAN  RENSSELAER,  Jeremiah,  a  patriot 
of  the  Revolution,  and  lieutenant-governor  of 
New  York,  was  for  some  years  a  member  of  con- 
gress. He  died  at  Albany  Feb.  22,  'i810,  aged 
G9. 

VAN  RENSSELAER,  Henry  K.,  general,  a 
patriot  of  the  Revolution,  svas  a  colonel  in  the 
army  of  the  United  States,  and  afterwards  gen- 
eral of  the  militia  of  New  York.  At  the  ca])- 
turc  of  Burgoyne  he  was  wounded.  For  his 
services  he  received  a  pension  from  his  country. 
He  died  at  Albany  in  Sept.,  1816,  aged  72.  His 
son,  Solomon  Van  R ,  was  adjutant-general  of 
New  York  in  1809. 

VAN  RENSSELAER,  Philip  S.,  mayor  of 
Albany,  was  elected  in  1798,  and  amidst  all  the 
changes  of  party  was  annually  reelected,  except- 
ing in  two  years,  till  1023.  For  twenty-three 
years  he  was  a  faithful  chief  magistrate  of  the 
city,  assiduous  in  promoting  its  moral  and  politi- 
cal interests.  He  died  Sept.  25,  1824,  aged  58. 
He  was  a  much  respected  and  useful  citizen.  Of 
the  Albany  bible  society  he  was  at  the  time  of 
his  death  the  president,  and  a  trustee  of  Union 
college.  He  was  the  principal  founder  of  the 
Albany  academy,  and  i'  the  Lancaster  school  so- 
ciety. His  fortune  and  talents  were  employed 
for  the  promotion  of  benevolent  objects.  In  his 
death,  while  the  poor  lost  their  best  friend,  the 
church  was  deprived  of  an  exemplary  member. 

VAN  RENSSELAER,  Stephen,  LL.  D., 
major-general,  died  at  Albany  Jan.  16,  1839, 
aged  74.  He  was  bom  in  New  York  in  Nov., 
1764,  and  graduated  at  Cambridge  in  1782.  He 
was  six  years  lieutenant-governor  of  New  York ; 
a  member  of  congress  from  1822  to  1829;  was 
appointed  in  1810  one  of  the  canal  commissioners. 
In  the  war  of  1812  he  commanded  on  the  Niag- 
ara frontier.  He  was  called  the  patroon ;  a  title, 
like  that  of  seignior  in  Lower  Canada,  denoting 
the  proprietor  of  largo  estates  in  lands.  He  was 
the  fifth  in  descent  from  Kilian  Van  R.,  the  origi- 
nal jiroprietor  in  1637  of  a  territory  forty-eight 
miles  long  and  twenty-four  broad.  He  was  the 
friend  of  Washington,  Hamilton,  and  Jay.  He 
102 


VAN  WART. 


800 


m 


was  muniricrnt   in  deeds  of  benevolence  and 
the  iiromotiini  of  learning. 

VAN  RKXSSKLAl'U.  Wii.mam  K..  died  i:i 
New  York  June  18,  1815,  aged  82.  He  was  a 
member  of  congress  ten  years,  but  lived  in  recire- 
meiit  his  last  twenty  years ;  and  was  a  man  much 
respected. 

VAN  RENSSELAER,  NinioLAS,  colonel, 
died  at  Albany  March  29,  1848,  aged  93.  He 
was  a  soldier  with  ^lontgomery  at  Quebec,  and 
also  at  Ticondcroga. 

VAN  RENSSELAER,  Solomon,  general, 
died  near  Aliiany  April  23,  1852,  aged  78.  Ho 
was  the  son  of  Gen.  H.  K.  Van  R.,  a  soldier  j 
and  served  wAci  Wayne  in  1794,  and  was 
wounded  through  the  lungs.  He  was  adjutant- 
general  of  New  Y'ork,  and  a  member  of  con- 
gress. 

VAN  SANTVOORDT,  Cornelius,  was  bom 
at  Leydcn  in  1687.  A  call  being  sent  from  Staten 
Island  to  Holland  for  a  minister,  who  was  able 
and  willing  to  preach  in  the  French  and  Low 
Dutch  languages,  he  declared  his  accejitance  of 
it,  and  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  office  in  1718. 
He  labored  at  Staten  Island  about  twenty-two 
years.  In  1740  he  was  removed  to  Schenectady, 
where  he  continued  in  the  exercise  of  his  ministry 
until  his  decease  Jan.  6,  1752,  old  style,  aged  65. 
He  was  a  man  of  talents,  learning,  and  i)iety,  and 
sound  in  the  doctrines  of  grace.  While  on  Staten 
island  he  preached  in  French  and  Low  Dutch. 
He  published,  it  is  believed,  in  Low  Dutch,  an 
anonymous  conciliatory  pamphlet  on  the  Freigh- 
linghuiscn  controversy  about  the  year  1725 ;  and 
a  translation  in  the  same  language  of  John  4 
iMarck's  Latin  exposition  of  the  Apocalypse,  Ley- 
den,  4to.,  1736. 

VAN  SINDEREN,  Adrian,  a  merchant  in 
New  York,  died  in  Brooklyn  in  1843.  His  father 
was  a  minister  of  the  Dutch  church  in  King's 
county,  N.  Y.  Having  acquired  a  competence, 
he  retired  to  Newtown ;  then  to  Brooklyn.  In 
both  places  ho  was  an  eminently  worthy  citizen 
and  useful  Christian,  —  munificent  and  active. 
He  was  president  of  the  seamen's  friend  society, 
and  twenty-eight  years  of  the  Long  Island  bible 
society. 

VAN  VLECK,  Jacob,  a  Moravian  minister, 
died  at  Bethlehem,  Pa.,  in  1831,  aged  80. 

VAN  VOAST,  John  J.,  died  in  Glenville, 
N.Y.,  in  1844  aged  103. 

VAN  VRANCKEN,  Nicholas,  minister  of 
the  Dutch  churches  of  Fi>;likill,  Hopewell,  and 
New  Hackensaek,  N.  Y.,  died  May  20,  1804, 
aged  42.  He  was  an  excellent  man,  greatly  be- 
loved. 

VAN  WART,  Isaac,  colonel,  one  of  the  cap- 
tors, with  Paulding  and  Williams,  of  Aiulre,  was 
born  at  Greensburgh,  Westchester  county,  N.  Y., 


810 


VAN  ZUIIEX. 


VAUGIIAN. 


in  1748,  mid  died  nt  his  residence  in  the  town  of 
Mount  rieasant  May  2;j,  1828,  ajjed  SO.  He  was 
a  worthy  man,  Kober,  industrious,  moral,  and  rc- 
lifjious,  and  much  rcKi)ected  in  liis  ncifjhhorhood. 
His  account  of  the  cajjturc  of  Andre  was  this : 
He  was  at  the  cncnnijimcnt  at  North  Castle, 
where  Col.  Jameson  commanded,  when  Paulding 
projjosed  to  go  on  a  scout  hclow.  They  started 
in  the  oftcrnoon,  and  AV'illiams  joined  them.  At 
Mount  Pleasant  they  passed  the  night  in  a  barn. 
The  next  moniing  at  nine  o'clock  they  lay  in  wait 
on  the  North  river  post-road,  in  a  field,  now  the 
projierty  of  ^Ir.  Wiley,  three-quarters  of  a  mile 
from  Tarrytown.  lie  was  sentinel,  lying  in  the 
bushes  by  the  fence,  while  the  others  ))laycd 
cards.  In  thirty  minutes,  seeing  a  man  riding  a 
black  horse  on  the  rising  ground,  opposite  Tar- 
rytown academy,  he  summoned  his  companions 
to  take  their  firelocks  and  stand  by  the  fence. 
Having  captur^a  Andr6,  they  took  off  his  boots 
and  found  the  papers  in  his  silk  stockings.  In 
conveying  him  to  the  encampment,  they  allowed 
him  to  ride,  but  avoided  the  highway ;  "  big 
drops  of  sweat  kept  falling  from  his  face."  He 
once  expressed  a  wish  that  they  had  blown  his 
brains  out  when  they  stojjped  him.  Having  ar- 
rived at  Sands'  mills,  ten  miles  from  the  place 
of  capture,  they  surrendered  him  to  Col.  Jameson. 

VAN  ZUREN,  Casper,  was  a  Dutch  minister 
on  Long  Island  before  1C77. 

VARICK,  RiciiAUD,  colonel,  third  president 
of  the  American  bible  society,  was  born  in  1752. 
In  1783  he  was  one  of  Washington's  military 
family,  being  recording  secretary.  He  was  a 
mayor  of  the  city  of  New  York  in  1789;  also  so 
late  as  1801,  when  he  was  removed  and  Edward 
Livingston  appointed  in  his  place.  After  Mr, 
Jay,  who  succeeded  Mr.  Boudinot,  ho  was  elected 
president  of  the  bible  society.  He  died  at  Jer- 
sey city  July  30,  1831,  aged  79.  His  life  was 
upright.  For  many  years  he  was  a  member  of  a 
Christian  church.  In  his  manners  he  was  dig- 
nified, and  fixed  in  his  principles,  political  and 
religious. 

VARNUM,  James  Mitchell,  general,  a  sol- 
dier of  the  Revolution,  died  at  Marietta,  Ohio, 
Jan.  1 0,  1789,  aged  40.  Ho  was  the  son  of  Jo- 
seph and  grandson  of  Sam.  V.,  who  came  from 
Wales  to  this  country  in  1649  and  settled  in  Dra- 
cut,  Mass.  He  was  born  in  1749,  and  graduated 
at  Providence  college  in  the  first  class  in  1769, 
and  afterwards  studied  law  and  resided  at  East 
Greenwich.  In  Feb.,  1777,  he  was  appointed  a 
brigadier-general  in  the  army  of  the  United 
States.  In  Nov.,  he  commanded  at  Red  Bank, 
and  served  under  Sullivan  in  Rhode  Island  in 
Aug.,  1778,  but  resigned  in  1779.  In  1786  he 
Wiis  a  delegate  to  congress,  and  in  Oct.,  1787, 
was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  Northwestern  Ter- 
ritory.   A  letter  to  his  wife,  on  the  value  of  relig- 


ion, is  in  Massachusetts  magazine,  Nov.,  1700. 
She  was  Martha  Childe,  of  Warren,  and  dicil  at 
the  age  of  88,  leaving  no  children.  An  iiccount 
of  her  life  is  in  Ilildreth's  biographical  memoirs. 

VARNUM,  JosKPli  BiUDLEY,  general,  a  sol- 
dier of  the  Revolution,  brother  of  the  precfdiiig, 
was  born  about  1700,  and  resided  at  Dracut. 
Ailer  the  adoj)tion  of  the  constitution  he  Avas 
elected  a  member  of  congress,  in  which  body  he 
remained  twelve  years.  He  was  the  speaker  four 
years.  Of  Mr.  Jefl'erson's  administration  he  was 
a  zealous  supporter.  In  1811  he  succeeded  Mr. 
Pickering  as  senator  of  the  United  Stales.  Of 
three  conventions  of  Massachusetts  he  was  a  use- 
ful mcml)er.  He  died  suddenly  Sept.  11,  1821, 
aged  71,  being  then  major-general  of  a  division 
of  the  militia. 

VASSALL,  WiLiJAM,  an  associate  in  the 
charter  of  Massachusetts,  came  over  at  the  settle- 
ment! but  returned  to  England  in  1631.  lie 
again  came  and  settled  at  Seituate  in  1CG5 ; 
thence  he  went  to  Rarbadoes,  where  he  died. 
Lewis,  John,  and  William,  graduates  of  Harvard 
in  1728,  1732,  1733,  were  his  descendants. — 
Eliot's  Dioff. 

VAUDREUIL,  Mauquis  de,  governor  of  Can- 
ada, received  the  government  of  Montreal  it 
1689,  and  in  1703  succeeded  to  the  govern- 
ment of  the  whole  province  of  Canada.  He  con- 
tinued in  this  office  till  his  death  Oct.  10,  1725. 
His  administration  was  distinguished  by  vigilance, 
firmness,  and  success.  He  was  succeeded  by  the 
Chevalier  de  Beauhamois,  who  sent  one  of  his 
officers  to  penetrate  to  the  south  sea.  This  object 
was  effected. 

VAUGHAN,  William,  j)oet  and  physician, 
died  about  1640,  aged  63.  He  came  from  Wales 
to  Newfoundland.  He  published  the  golden 
fleece,  in  prose  and  verse,  1026;  and  church  mil- 
itant, a  poem,  in  1640.  —  Cycl.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

VAUGHAN,  William,  Dr.,  chief  justice  of 
New  Hampshire,  died  at  Portsmouth  in  1710, 
aged  about  70.  His  wife  was  Margaret,  daughter 
of  Richard  Cutt.  His  son  George,  a  graduate  of 
Harvard  In  1090,  was  lieutenant-governor  of 
New  Hampshire.  —  Belknap ;  Farmer. 

VAUGHAN,  John,  ]SI.  I).,  died  in  Delaware 
in  1807,  aged  31.  He  was  the  son  of  John,  a 
Baptist  minister  in  Chester  county,  Penn.,  and 
studied  at  Philadelphia.  In  1799  he  settled 
at  Wilmington,  Del.  He  soon  gained  a  liif;!! 
reputation,  was  the  friend  of  great  men,  and 
a  member  of  various  societies.  From  1806  he 
occasionally  preached  the  gospel  to  his  Baptist 
brethren.  He  published  an  edition  of  Smith's 
letters  ;  numerous  communications  to  the  medi- 
cal museum,  and  New  York  medical  repository  i 
observations  on  animal  electricity,  in  favor  of 
Perluns'  tractors,  1797. 

VAUGHAN,  Benjamin,  LL.  D.,  died  at  Hal- 


m 


VAUOIIAN. 

lowcll  Doc.  S,  183.),  np;o<l  ai.  His  father  was  n 
wealthy  ])laiitcr  in  Jainaini,  wheiieo  he  ri'movcd 
to  London.  At  the  age  of  sixtocn  ho  was  placed 
under  the  instruction  of  Dr.  I'ricstlcy.  He  then 
went  to  Camhridge,  and  studied  law  and  medi- 
cine. In  jwlitics  he  wan  the  associate  of  l-rank- 
lin,  Priestley,  and  rricc.  In  1702  ho  was  a  mem- 
hcr  of  parhament.  In  1797  h  ,■  came  to  Maine, 
llu  had  rt  fine  library,  a  part  of  which  he  liber- 
idly  gave  to  I'owdoin  college.  He  was  a  man 
of  learning,  devoted  to  scientific  and  literary  jjur- 
suits ;  he  was  also  social,  courteous,  hospitable, 
and  Ijcnevolent. 

VAUGHAN,  CUAULES,  died  at  Ilallowell, 
Me.,  in  1839,  aged  87.  The  brother  of  Benja- 
min, he  was  born  in  England.  He  was  a  man  of 
knowledge,  and  made  efforts  for  the  imjirovement 
of  agriculture.  His  brother,  John,  died  in  Phila- 
delphia in  1841,  aged  85  ;  secretary  of  the  Amer- 
ican philosophical  society,  a  much,  respected  citi- 
zen, at  whose  decease  an  aged  brother  was  living 
in  London. 

VAUX,  Roberts,  died  at  Philadelphia  Jan. 
7,  1836,  a  member  of  the  society  of  Friends. 
He  was  a  justice  of  the  court  of  common  picas ; 
and  long  distinguished  for  his  zeal  in  promoting 
philosophy,  education,  and  human  impro\cmcnt. 
VEAZIE,  Samuel,  minister  of  Duxbury,  Mass., 
died  in  1797,  aged  8(5.  He  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1736.  He  was  pastor  from  1739  to 
1700,  and  was  succeeded  by  C.  Turner.  His  pre- 
decessor was  John  Ilobinson.  The  earlier  preach- 
ers were  Brewster,  Partridge,  Holmes,  and  Wi;;- 
wall.  After  Turner  were  Sanger  and  AUyn. 
He  was  j)astor  of  Hull  from  17.'>3  to  1767;  and 
it  is  believed  that  h';  was  afterwards  a  teacher 
many  years,  and  died  at  Ilarpswell  or  TJrunswitX, 
Me. 

VENABLE,  AiiRAiiAM  B.,  a  senator  of  the 
United  Stales  from  Virginia,  jjerished  witli  Gov. 
Smith  and  about  seventy  others,  ])rincipally  fe- 
males, in  the  conflagration  of  the  theatre  at 
Richmond,  Dec.  20,  1811.  Mr.  Bott,  a  lawyer, 
and  his  wife.  Miss  Almerine  Marshall,  daughter 
of  Chief  Justice  M.,  and  Miss  Clay,  daughter  of 
a  member  of  congress,  were  among  the  virtims. 

VEXNER,  Thomas,  a  conspirator  against 
Cromwell,  was  a  wine-cooper  in  Boston.  Going 
to  England,  he  was  in  1607  at  the  head  of  a  fa- 
natical company  of  insurgents.  Brought  before 
the  protector,  he  behaved  with  pride,  insolence, 
and  railing.  Ho  again  led  out  a  rabble  of  forty 
men,  and  was,  in  Jan.,  1061,  drawn  and  quar- 
tered. 

VERGNIES,  Francis,  Dr.,  died  at  Newbury- 
port  in  1830,  aged  83. 

VIGNJ'^lOX,  Charles  Anthony,  Dr.,  a  Ger- 
man, an  eminent  physician  of  Newport,  II.  I., 
died  about  1700  or  1770,  aged  over  100.  He 
was  learned  and  popular,  and  practised  till  near 


VOSE.  811 

the  close  of  his  life.     Dr.  Hooper  was  bis  ron- 
tempoiiiry. 

Vl(;(),  I'ltAM  i  .  chImiicI,  ;i  ])ii(rii)t  \u)itliyof 
remembrance,  died  in  Knox  county,  Ind..  March 
;  :;'.',  IHliO,  iigcd  ujiwaids  of  90.  A  native  of  Sar- 
;  dinia,  he  in  early  lite  emigrated  :  liaving  am,\ssed 
a  fortune,  he  a;/plied  tlie  whole  of  it  to  supply 
the  starving  army  of  Gen.  George  Rofjcrs  Clark 
at  the  wisf.  For  many  years  he  in  o  .-.eciueiicc 
hved  in  eomi)arative  indij^cnce.  At  last  two 
friends  ])rose('uted  his  claims  for  him,  and  were 
allowed,  just  before  his  death,  30,000  dollars  for 
money  and  sui)plies  to  the  Virginia  Iroojis. 

VINAL,  William,  minister  of  Newport,  R.  I., 
died  in  1781,  aged  63.  Born  in  Boston,  he  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  in  1739,  and  was  jjastor  from 
1746  to  1768.  Dr.  Hopkins  succeeded  the  next 
year.  His  predecessors  were  John  Clarke,  N. 
Clapp,  J.  (jardncr,  and  J.  Helycr. 

VINCENT,  Philip,  a  ministci  in  England, 
made  a  visit  to  this  country  in  1637,  and  ])ub- 
lished  the  true  relation  of  the  battle  between 
the  English  and  the  Pcquots,  1038.  It  is  re- 
printed in  the  Massachusetts  historical  collections, 
vol.  VI.,  third  mtIcs.  Joseph  Hunter's  letter 
cor.cerning  it  is  in  hiistorical  collections,  4th  se- 
ries, vol.  I. 

VINCENT,  John,  captain,  an  Indian,  died  at 
Parkerstown.  Vt.,  in  Aug.,  1819,  aged  90.  Born 
at  Loretlo,  Canada,  he  had  a  command  in  the 
Cagnawaga  tribe.  He  was  pros  cnl  at  Braddock's 
defeat.  In  the  Revolutionary  war  he  joined  the 
Americans,  believing  the  Great  Spirit  was  with 
Washington,  whom  his  young  warriors  could  not 
hit.  when  Braddock  was  killed.  He  piloted  our 
troops  through  Maine  to  Quebec.  He  was  a 
Catholic,  and  ke])t  a  French  bible,  and  was  not 
negligent  of  daily  worship.  He  was  a  pensioner 
of  Vermont. 

VINCENT,  LoLlS,  an  Indian  chief,  was  edu- 
cated at  Moor's  school  and  at  Dartmouth  college, 
where  he  was  graduated  iu  a  class  of  four  in 
1781.  In  the  preceding  year  Peter  Pohquon- 
nojjpeet,  n  Stockbrldge  Indian,  was  graduated. 
Vincent  was  one  of  the  chiefs  of  the  Hurons  or 
Wyandots  near  Quebec.  In  his  last  years  he  was 
a  schoolmaster.  He  died  at  Loretto,  Canada, 
in  May,  18'JO,  aged  about  00.  His  son,  a  grand 
chief,  was  then  in  England. 

VINCENT,  Joseph,  a  soldier  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, died  at  Salem,  Mass.,  Nov.,  1832,  aged  96. 
VINTON,  John  R.,  major,  was  killed  at  the 
siege  of  Vera  Cruz  March  22,  1847,  aged  46  ;  a 
soldier,  scholar,  and  Christian.  Born  in  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.,  he  served  in  the  Florida  war. 

VINTON,  A>NE  Adams,  relict  of  Josiah  V., 
died  in  Braintree  Dec.  18,  1801,  aged  90;  a  de- 
scendant of  John  Alden,  and  a  Christian. 

VOSE,  John,  died  in  Atkin.son,  N.  IL,  March 
31,  1840,  aged  73;  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth  in 


812 


WABAN. 


WADSWORTII. 


1795.  lie  was  the  son  of  Samuel  of  Bedford, 
■who  wnH  the  son  of  llobert  of  Milton,  Mass. 
The  earlier  ancestors  were  Henry  and  Thomas, 
ind  Robert,  from  Lancashire  in  IGSli,  who  had  a 
'arm  in  that  part  of  JJorcliester  which  is  now 
Milton.  For  twc  :ty-onc  years  he  was  the  learned 
preceptor  of  Atkinson  academy;  then  eleven 
years  of  Pembroke  academy.  As  a  senator  and 
in  other  public  trusts  he  was  faithful ;  a  friend  of 
temperance  and  of  Sunday  schools ;  an  exem- 
plary Christian.  ';  le  published  a  ])hi  beta  kappa 
oration,  1806;  on  4th  of  July,  1809;  on  agricul- 
ture, 1813;  a  fstcm  of  astronomy,  1827;  and  a 
compendium,  lfe32 ;  ,riginal  works.  —  N.  II.  Bc- 
poaitory,  July,  1840. 

WABAN,  an  Indian,  welcomed  Mr.  Eliot  to 
his  wigwam  in  Newton,  Oct.  28,  1646,  when  he 
first  preached  to  the  Indians,  and  became  an  em- 
inent Christian  and  a  useful  magistrate.  Remov- 
ing to  a  tract  of  three  thousand  acres  in  Natick, 
the  Indians  cultivated  the  land  and  were  much 
civilized.  He  died  in  1674,  aged  70.  One  of  his 
exhortations  is  preserved  in  Neal's  history.  As 
to  his  views  of  administering  justice,  it  is  said 
that,  when  asked  by  a  younger  justice,  "  When 
Indians  get  drunk  and  quarrel,  what  you  do  den  ?  " 
He  replied,  "  Hah !  tie  um  all  up,  and  whip  urn 
plaintifii  and  whip  um  'fendant,  and  whip  um  wit- 
ness ! "  The  following  is  the  form  of  a  warrant 
he  issued :  "  You,  you  big  constable,  quick  you 
catch  um  Jeremiah  Oifscow,  strong  you  hold  um, 
safe  you  bring  um  afore  me.  vVaban,  justice 
peace."  This  is  similar  to  the  warrant  meniioned  by 
Judge  Davis  :  "  I  Hihoudi,  you  Peter  Waterman, 
Jeremy  Wicket :  Quick  you  take  him,  fast  you 
hold  him,  straight  you  bring  him  before  me, 
Hihoudi."  This  simplification  of  legal  writings 
ratlier  exceeds  the  proposed  improvements  of 
modern  reformers  of  law. 

WADE,  John,  first  minister  of  South  Ber- 
wick, Me.,  died  in  1703,  aged  about  30.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  in  1693,  and  was  settled  in  1702. 
He  was  succeeded  by  J.  Wise. 

WADE,  David  E.,  died  at  Cincinnati  in  1842, 
aged  80.  A  native  of  New  Jersey,  he  was  one 
of  the  first  settlers  of  C. ;  he  helped  io  found  the 
first  church,  of  which  he  was  forty  years  an  elder, 
and  lived  to  see  filly  churches  spring  up  in  the 
fifty  years  of  his  residence  at  C. 

WADE,  RiCHAKD  D.  A.,  lieutenant-colonel  of 
U.  S.  artillery,  died  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  in 
1850.    He  fought  in  Florida  and  Mexico. 

WADDELL,  James,  D.  D.,  the  eloquent 
blind  minister  of  Virginia,  died  Sept.  17,  1805, 
aged  66.  Born  in  Ireland  in  1739,  he  was  edu- 
sated  by  Dr.  Finley  in  Pennsylvania;  in  1762 
he  became  pastor  of  Lancaster  and  Northumber- 
land ;  in  1775  he  removed  to  the  church  of  Tink- 
ling Spring  in  Augusta  county,  west  side  of  the 
Blue  Ridge,  Va.    His  last  removal  was  to  an 


estate,  called  Ilopewejj,  in  the  northeast  corner 
of  Albemarle  county,  on  the  east  side  of  the  IJlue 
UidRC,  tidjoinin;^  Ornnge  and  Louisa  counlicH,  Va. 
At  this,  his  home,  he  died,  lie  was  a  man  of 
great  learning  and  eloquence,  arousing  the  deep- 
est sympathies.  For  some  yuars  he  was  blind 
by  cataracts.  By  couching  he  recovered  the  sight 
of  one  eye.  His  daughter,  Janctta,  who  married 
Rev.  Dr.  Alexander,  was  accustomed  to  read 
Latin  to  him.  In  regard  to  his  preaching, 
Mr.  Wirt  speaks  of  entering  his  old,  decayed 
house  of  worship  in  the  forest.  He  was  struck 
with  the  appearance  of  a  blind,  tall,  very  spnre 
old  man,  whose  head,  covered  with  a  white  linen 
cap,  whose  shriveled  hands  and  voice,  were  nil 
shaking  under  the  influence  of  the  palsy.  His 
subject  was  the  passion  of  the  Saviour,  and  the 
sacrament  was  to  be  administered.  As  he  de- 
scended from  the  pulpit  to  distribute  the  symbols, 
the  bread  and  wine,  there  was  a  deep  srlenmity 
in  liis  appearance.  He  then  drew  a  picture  of 
the  sufferings  of  our  Saviour ;  of  his  trial  before 
Pilate,  of  his  ascent  to  Calvary,  of  his  crucifixiot. 
and  death.  His  voice  trembled  on  every  sylla- 
ble, and  every  heart  trembled  in  unison,  lie 
presented  the  original  scene  to  the  eyes  of  the 
assembly,  and  all  were  indignant.  He  touched 
upon  the  patience  and  tht  forgiving  meekness  of 
the  Redeemer,  and  as  he  represented  his  eyes 
lifted  in  tears  to  heaven  for  man,  and  his  voice 
breathing  a  prayer  for  the  pardon  of  his  murder- 
ers, the  voice  of  the  preacher,  which  had  all  along 
faltered,  grew  fainter  and  fainter,  until,  his  utter- 
ance being  completely  broken,  he  raised  his 
handkerchief  to  his  eyes  and  burst  into  a  loud 
and  irresistible  flood  of  grief.  The  groans  and 
uobs  of  the  congregation  mingled  in  sympathy. 
When  he  was  enabled  to  proceed,  he  broke  the 
awful  silence  in  a  manner  which  did  not  impair 
the  dignity  and  solemnity  of  the  subject.  Re- 
moving his  white  handkerchief  from  his  aged 
face,  wet  with  tears,  and  slowly  stretching  forth 
the  palsied  hand  which  held  it,  he  said,  adopt- 
ing the  words  of  Rousseau,  "  locrates  died  like 
a  philosopher ;  "  then  pausing,  raising  his  other 
hand,  pressing  both,  as  clasped  together,  with 
warmth  and  energy  to  his  breast,  lifting  his  sight- 
less eye-balls  to  heaveu,  and  pouring  his  soul 
into  his  tremulous  voice,  he  added,  "  but  Jesus 
Christ  like  a  God ! "  —  British  Spy  in  Va.;  Evan. 
Intel.,  March,  1808 ;  N.  Y.  Spectator,  Oct.  19, 
1805. 

WADSWORTII,  Samuel,  captain,  of  Milton, 
was  killed  with  Lieut.  Sharp  ond  twenty-six  sol- 
diers by  the  Indians  at  Sudbury,  April  18,  1670. 
His  son.  President  W.,  erected  a  monument  in 
S.  to  his  memory. 

WADSWORTII,  Bkxjamin,  president  of  Har- 
vard college,  died  March  16,  1737,  aged  67  ;  the 
son  of  Capt.  Samuel  W.,  he  was  born  at  Milton, 


Wt'i 


M_^ 


WADSWORTH. 

Olid  WM  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1090,  and  wa« 
ordained  minister  of  the  first  church  in  Uoston. 
an  colleague  with  Mr.  Allen,  Sept.  N,  1090.  Here 
he  continued  till  his  election  a.s  the  successor  of 
President  Loveretf.  Into  this  office  he  was  in- 
ducted July  7,  1725,  Mr.  Foxcroft,  his  colleague, 
remaining  in  the  church  at  Uoston.  His  succes- 
sor was  President  Ilolyoke.  His  learning  was 
considerable,  and  he  was  most  pious,  humble, 
prudent,  and  a  very  pathetic  and  excellent 
preacher.  A  tenth  part  of  his  income  he  de- 
voted to  charitable  uses.  He  published  artillery 
election  sermon,  1790 ;  exhortations  to  early 
piety,  1702;  three  sermons,  1700;  on  the  day  of 
judgment,  1709 ;  on  assembling  at  the  house  of 
God,  1710;  the  well  ordered  family,  1712;  five 
sermons  ;  advice  to  the  sick  and  well ;  explana- 
tion of  assembly's  catechism,  1714;  invitation  to 
the  gospel  feast  in  eleven  sermons,  12mo. ;  saint's 
prayer  to  escape  temptation  ;  on  the  death  of  I. 
Addington,  1716;  of  President  Leverett ;  elec- 
tion sermon,  1716;  twelve  sermons,  1717;  zeal 
against  flagrant  wickedness ;  essay  for  spreading 
the  gospel  into  ignorant  places,  8vo.,  1718; 
Christ's  fan  is  in  his  hand  ;  imitation  of  Christ  a 
Christian  duty,  1722;  a  dialogue  on  the  Lord's 
supper,  1724 ;  it  is  honorable  not  shameful  to 
suffer,  1725 ;  the  benefits  of  a  good  and  mischiefs 
of  an  evil  conscience,  in  fourteen  sermons ;  none 
but  the  righteous  saved,  —  Sprague. 

WADSWOIITH,  Daniel,  minister  of  Hart- 
ford, Conn.,  died  in  1747,  aged  about  41.  He 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1726,  and  succeeded  T. 
Woodbridge  in  1732.  His  successors  were  E. 
Dorr,  N.  Strong,  J.  Hawes. 

WADSWOIITH,  Jeremiah,  of  Connecticut, 
commissary-general  during  the  greater  part  of 
the  Revolutionary  war,  died  at  Hartford  in  1804, 
aged  60.    He  was  a  member  of  congress. 

WADSWORTH,  James,  general,  died  at 
Durham,  Conn.,  in  1817,  aged  88. 

WADSWORTH,  Benjamin,  D.  D.,  minister 
of  Danvers,  Mass.,  was  born  in  Milton  July  29, 
1750;  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1769: 
was  ordained  in  1773;  and  died  in  Jan.,  1826, 
aged  75,  in  the  fifty-fourth  year  of  his  ministry. 
He  was  eminently  pious,  and  a  prudent,  faithful 
minister.  He  published  a  sermon  at  the  ordina- 
tion of  J.  Badcock,  1783 ;  at  thanksgiving,  1795 
and  1796 ;  eulogy  on  Washington ;  at  a  dedica- 
tion, 1807  ;  before  a  society  for  suppressing  in 
temperance,  1815;  to  bible  society;  at  installa- 
tion of  M.  Dow  ;  on  death  of  S.  Ilolten,  1816. 

WADSWORTH,  Peleg,  major-general,  a  sol- 
dier of  the  Revolution,  died  in  Nov.,  1829,  aged 
about  80.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  col- 
lege in  1769.  In  1780  he  was  sent  from  Boston 
to  command  in  the  district  of  Maine.  In  Feb., 
1781,  a  party  of  the  enemy  captured  him  in  liis 
own  house,  anil  conveyed  him  to  Bagaduce  or 


WAINWRIGIIT. 


813 


Cnstine.  From  his  prison  in  the  forf  iic  nnd 
Major  Murton  effected  thiir  cscnpo  in  June,  Uy 
most  cxtraordiimry  ffforts.  rrossi-d  tlii'  I'lnnl)- 
scot  in  a  ranop.  aiul  travelled  through  the  wilder- 
ness to  St.  Geor^'cs.  Of  his  ca])tivity  and  eseapo 
Dr.  1) wight  gives  a  long  account  in  thesieond 
volume  of  his  favels.  For  many  years  lie  was 
a  mc:bcr  of  congress  from  Cumberlimd  disiiict. 
He  died  at  Hiram,  Me.  His  son,  Lieut.  Henry 
W.,  was  blown  up  in  a  lire-shii)  in  the  liail>or  of 
Tripoli,  with  Capt.  Somers,  Midshipman  Izard, 
and  a  few  men,  in  Sept.,  180 1. 

WADSWORTH,  Wm.i.iam.  general,  died  at 
Genesee,  N.  Y.,  in  Feb.,  1833  ;  an  early  settler  in 
western  New  York. 

WADSWORTH,  James,  died  at  Oeneseo. 
N.  Y.,  in  1844,  aged  76.  A  native  of  Durliam, 
Conn.,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1787.  Associated 
with  his  brother,  he  purchased  a  large  tract  of 
land  on  the  Genesee  river,  and  thus  became  a 
man  of  great  wealth,  of  which  he  made  a  goner 
ous  use  in  promoting  the  diffusion  of  knowledge. 
He  endowed  the  first  normal  school  in  the  State 
of  New  York. 

WADSWORTH,  Daniel,  died  in  Hartford, 
Conn.,  July  28,  1848,  aged  nearly  77.  He  was 
the  son  of  Col.  Jeremiah  IL,  the  princijial  founder 
of  the  Wadsworth  athena}um  in  Ilnrtford.  Ho 
also  built  a  tower  and  country-seat  on  Talcott's 
mountain,  which  he  left  to  tlie  public.  His  jjic- 
ture  gallery  he  gave  to  the  city  of  Hartford. 
Though  his  property  amounted  to  300,000  dol- 
lars, he  left  nothing  to  any  of  the  great  charitable 
and  religious  societies.  S.  G.  Goodrich  says  the 
elegant  seat  of  Talcott's  mountain  is  now  occu- 
pied by  a  thriving  manufacturer  of  axes.  His 
wife  was  a  daughte'  of  the  second  Gov.  Trum- 
bull. —  GnodricVa  Becollectioiis. 

WAGGAMAN,  George  A.,  died  at  New  Or- 
leans March  23,  1843,  aged  53.  He  had  been 
secretary  of  State  and  a  senator  of  the  United 
States ;  yet,  if  he  may  be  justly  termed  a  fool 
for  being  killed  in  a  duel,  what  term  may  be  ap- 
plied to  the  ruler  of  a  people  who  sacrifices  one 
hundred  thousand  lives  in  a  war  not  defensive 
and  not  needful  ? 

WAGNER,  John,  Dr.,  died  ot  Charleston, 
S.  C,  in  1841,  aged  about  48.  He  graduated  at 
Yale  in  1812,  and  then  studied  medicine  in  New 
York,  London,  and  Paris.  He  was  an  eminent 
surgeon.  In  1829  he  was  a  professor  in  the  med- 
ical college,  and  in  1832  was  ajjpointed  to  the 
chair  of  surgery.  Much  suffering  by  disease 
was  his  lot  in  life. —  Williams'  Med.  Uiog. 

WAINWRIGIIT,  Airaau,  D.  D.,  died  at 
Pottsville,  Penn.,  in  1839. 

WAINWRIGIIT,  Dr.,  died  in  Now  York  of 
the  bite  of  a  rattlesnake,  Dec.  9,  1847,  aged  36. 
He  was  the  son  of  a  banker  in  London,  and  had 
been  some  years  in  extensive  practice  in  New 


814 


WATX^VRIOIIT. 


WALDIIOX. 


York.  The  ,  nake  '\  w  received  from  a  brother- 
in-law  in  Aliiliama ;  'le  waH  carelessly  handled  by 
the  doctor,  his  lanj.;  ■■  entering  between  his  fin- 
(jcrs.  The  flesh  near  the  wound  was  cut  out,  and 
several  doctors  lent  their  aid  vainly.  As  his  arm 
BwcUcd,  he  begged  an  amputation,  hut  it  was 
rcfuticd.  As  ho  was  near  his  end,  the  pain  leav- 
ing !(is  hand  and  nrrr.,  the  ease  creeping  upward, 
he  aaid  :  "  This  is  Sorrible  !  to  know  that  death 
18  feeling  his  way  t  my  vitals.  That  arm  is  dead 
already!  ;'nd" — j ! .icing  the  other  hand  at  his 
heart—'  '  le  destroyer  will  scon  be  IIEIU^ ! "  Th'.n 
words  are  fearfully  monitory  to  the  sinacr.  Iho 
religions  character  of  Dr.  W.  is  nut  Un(  wnj  bii 
the  (lying  sinner, impt-nitent  and  nnhi.lioving,  will 
have  reason  to  Iny  his  Jia'ul  upon  IsIn  '.-i-'art  and 
to  cry  out  in  anguish  v.'d  horror,  The  de- 
stroyer will  f.oon  1)P  iiere  ! " 

WAINWllIGiri',  JorrATHAN  Matiiew,  D.  1>  , 
bishop  in  Nmv  York,  died  Sept.  21,  I8.>i,  aged 
62.  He  ^^as  a  grandson  of  J.  Mayhew,  and  son 
«f  I'eter  \V.  of  Boston.  lie  graduated  at  Hn- 
'•ar J  in  1812.  His  ministiri'al  labors  began  ir: 
iMOa;  ITjiitibrd.  I  lO  was  afterwards  rector  of 
QvHCt'.  cbvTch  in  N.v-,-  York,  and  Trinity  church 
in  jo  tin.  Be  became  bishop  in  1852.  He 
puHi;.')'  d  a  scriiion  before  the  foreign  missionary 
(>oi.;"ty  of  the  Episcopal  church,  1848. 

WAITE,  Benjamin,  M.  D.,  died  at  South 
Kingston,  R.  I.,  in  1811,  aged  85.  Besides  be- 
ing a  slulful  physician,  he  was  forty-five  years  a 
Baptist  minister  in  the  town  of  his  residence. 

WAKELEY,  Abel,  a  soldier  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, died  in  Greenville,  Greene  county,  N.  Y.,  in 
1850,  aged  89.  He  was  born  in  Roxbury,  Conn. 
He  served  during  the  whole  war,  and  was  in  the 
front  rank  in  the  storming  of  the  redoubt  at 
Yorktown.  He  was  also  a  soldier  of  the  Cross, 
for  more  than  half  a  century  a  member  of  the 
church  of  which  Beriah  Hotchkin  was  the  pastor. 
—  N.  Y.  Observer,  April  27. 

WALDO,  Samuel,  brigadier-general,  died  in- 
stantly of  the  apoplexy  on  the  Penobscot,  May 
23,  1759,  aged  63.  He  was  the  son  of  Jonathan 
W.,  a  wealthy  merchant  of  Boston,  who  died  in 
1731.  There  were  in  his  life  remarkable  coinci- 
dences with  the  life  of  his  friend.  Sir  William 
Pepperrell.  They  lived  in  Maine  and  were  rich 
bachelors  j  they  were  councillors  together ;  tney 
commanded  regiments  and  were  together  at  Lou- 
isburg  i  they  passed  a  year  together  in  England ; 
they  were  born  the  same  year  and  died  nearly  at 
the  same  time.  He  lived,  when  in  Maine,  at 
Falmouth.  He  was  aa  accomplished  man,  active 
and  enterprising ;  and  was  a  distinguished  officer. 
He  had  crossed  the  ocean  fifteen  times.  He  was 
pointing  out  to  Gov.  Pownall  the  boundaiy  of  his 
land,  when  he  fell  dead.  His  daughter,  Hannah, 
was  for  four  years  engaged  to  be  married  to  An- 
drew Pepperrell,  the  son  of  Sir  William,  when 


through  his  fault  she  dissolved  the  cngagrmrnt. 
In  six  weeks  slie  married  T.  Flukcr,  Kccretary  f)f 
Massachusetts  ;  and  her  daughter  married  Gen. 
Knox,  who  was  enabled  to  save  and  rescue  much 
of  the  Waldo  property  from  confiscation.  Daugh- 
ters of  Kncx  married  Mr.  Swan,  John  Holmes 
and  Ju(J;5P  Thachor,  Andrew  P.  died  unmarried 
in  1751,  nfecd  '2ii.  Hiti  son,  Col.  Samuel,  died  in 
1770.  .i-ed  4^.  —  Pai\:0i:'  /V,  ,,rrrell. 

W.VI,DO  .^./.MCEUI ;',  Dr..  >{  Pomfret,  Conn., 
died  >'  I'l;);, ! '.ed  db'iut  44,  H.  was  a  skilful 
surgeoi-  in  the  uri'->v. —  Thai'.,,-  .   Veil.  Jiiog. 

W.'.lltO,  ivMEi.  ..:ed  ii  '  )3-cester  July 
9,  1845,  Aged  82.  His  father  was  an  eminent 
merchan  'a  Boston,  but  in  the  war  removed  in 
17 "2  to  Worcester.  With  him  hi:,  son  was  a 
partner  in  business,  and  remained  a  merchant 
forty  j'cnn  k.  He  was  rrmn'-'irihlc  >"-'i'  justice,  cour- 
tesy, ;in(l  liberalitj.  .il'  iofl  to  ocicestor  acad- 
emy a  l<;:;acy  of  6,000  (i'^IUtrs,  and  other  noble 
b 'i]uc?ta.  —  ;5 voed:'  '';  fScrm- ;  Washburn's Leic. 
Ai'odemy. 

WALDO,  t'LlZABETii,  Miss,  died  at  Worcester 
in  Aug.  or  Sept.,  1845.  She  bequeathed  about 
12,000  dollars  to  each  of  six  societies,  namely, 
thi'  American  bible ;  the  foreign  evangelical  j  the 
American  Protestant ;  the  colonization ;  the  Amer- 
ican bethel ;  and  the  Bangor  theological  seminal) . 

WALDO,  Sahah,  Miss,  died  in  Boston,  1851. 
S  11  bequeathed  more  than  50,000  dollars  to  va- 
ri  i.ui  charitable  societies  and  theological  semina- 
ries, and  made  the  American  home  missionary 
society  residuary  legatee.  —  Boston  .4rfj)cr.,  April 
5,  185 1. 

WAliDRON,  RiCHAED,  major,  president  of 
New  Hampshire,  was  killed  by  the  Indians,  Juno 
29,  1089,  aged  80.  He  was  an  early  settler  of 
Dover,  came  from  Somersetshire,  England,  about 
1635,  and  began  a  plantation  at  Cocheco,  or  Do- 
ver, about  1640.  From  1654  he  was  a  represen- 
tative to  the  general  court  at  Boston  twenty-two 
years,  and  several  years  the  speaker  of  the  house, 
and  president,  after  Cutt,  in  1681.  He  was  chief 
military  officer.  In  the  war  of  1676  two  compa- 
nies were  sent  to  him  from  Massachusetts  with 
orders  to  seize  all  Indians  concerned  in  the  war. 
There  assembled  at  hi"  '  ^use  four  hundred  In- 
dians. The  English  -oin  wished  to  attack 
them,  but  Major  W.  suostituted  a  stratagem  in 
the  place  of  an  open  attack.  He  proposed  to  the 
Indians  a  sham -fight,  and  after  they  had  fired  the 
first  volley  he  made  them  all  prisoners.  Dismiss- 
ing those  whom  he  deemed  friendly,  ho  sent  to 
Boston  about  two  hundred,  some  of  whom  were 
hung,  and  the  rest  sold  as  slaves  in  foreign  parts. 
This  occurrence  awakened  in  the  savage  breast 
the  desire  of  revenge,  which  after  thirteen  years 
was  gratified.  The  fndians  adopted  the  following 
stratagem :  To  each  of  the  garrisoned  houses  in 
Dover  they  sent  two  squaws  to  ask  a  lodging,  for 


WALDRON. 


WAl.KKU. 


815 


the  jHirposc  of  opening  the  doors  in  the  night  to  j  judgnirnf,  nnd  much  hclovcd.     Duriiit;  his  min- 
the  nsNiiilants.     June  L'U,  KiWt,  the  Indians  thus  :  istry  one  hundred  mid   <i),'ht   were  aihnittcd  to 
entered  Major  Wahlron's  house,  and  made  pris- 
oner of  the  brave  oUl  soldier,  who  fought  them 
with  his  sword  in  hand.    Seating  him  in  an  eli)ow 


chair  on  a  long  table  in  the  hall,  they  asked  him, 
"Who  shall  judge  Indians  now?"  and  then 
horril)ly  mangled  and  killed  him.  His  descend- 
ants have  been  men  of  distinction. 

WALDUON,  William,  first  minister  of  the 
new  brick  church  in  Roston,  died  of  a  fever  in 
1727,  aged  30.  lie  was  the  son  of  Richard  of 
I'ortsmouth,  and  was  graduated  in  1717  •,  was 
ordained  in  1722.  His  wife  was  Eliza  Allen  of 
Martha's  Vineyard;  his  daughter  married  Col.  J. 
Quincy.  —  Spratfue's  Annals. 

WALES,  JoiLN,  the  first  minister  of  Rayn- 
ham,  Mass.,  died  in  17C5,  aged  05.  Born  in 
15raintrce,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1728,  and 
was  succeeded  by  P.  Fobes.  He  was  a  faithful 
and  jjathetic  preacher ;  in  public  jirayer  he  was 
almost  unequalled  in  appropriate  excellence.  He 
was  the  father  of  Prof.  Wales  of  Yolo  college. 

WALES,  Samuel,  D.  D.,  professor  of  divinity 
in  Yale  college,  the  son  of  the  preceding,  died 
Feb.  18,  1794,  aged  about  40.  He  graduated 
in  1707,  and  was  the  minister  of  Milford  from 
1770  to  1782.  He  succeeded  Prof.  Daggett  June 
12,  1782.  His  mind  for  two  years  was  broken 
down  by  the  epilepsy.  He  brought  to  the  theo- 
logical chair  great  abilities,  a  pure  and  energetic 
style,  exemplary  piety,  and  dignity  and  solemnity 
of  manner.  He  published  election  sermon,  1783. 
—  Spraijue. 

WALES,  Atiieuton,  minister  of  Marshfield, 
Mass.,  dic'i  in  1793,  aged  92,  in  the  fifty-seventh 
vear  of  bis  ministry.  Born  in  Uraintrce,  he  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  in  1720 ;  and  was  settled  as 
the  first  pastor  of  the  second  church  in  1739.  E. 
Leonard  succeeded  him.  He  was  eminently 
pious  nnd  faithful. 

W.VLES,  JoNATiiA-V,  M.  D.,  died  at  Randolph, 
Mass.,  in  1843,  aged  Oo. 

WALE!>,  Thomas  B.,  died  in  Boston  June  15, 
1N.')3,  agod  77.    The  son  of  Dr.  E])hraim  W.  of 


the  church.  At  S.  tlirre  w.vs  nn  unhiippy  divJMDn 
between  his  friends  and  those  of  a  rival  preaclur, 
Israel  Cliauncey. 

W.\LKI'.R,  ]{oiu-UT,  judge  of  the  supi-emo 
court  of  Conneetx'ut,  a  descendant  of  ll()l)ert  W., 
who  lived  in  Boston  in  l(;;!l,  and  of  /echariah, 
his  MU,  the  minister  of  Jamaica,  I,.  I.,  and  of 
Stratford  and  Woodbury,  Conn.,  was  graduated 
at  Yale  college  in  1730,  and  died  at  Stratford  in 
1772.  He  was  judge  from  1700  to  1772,  and 
was  succeeded  by  W.  S.  Johnson.  One  of  his 
daughters  married  Mr.  Wetmori',  minister  of 
Stratford,  and  another  John  M.  lined,  niaMir  of 
Norwich.  His  son,  Cien.  Joseph  Walker  oi  Strat- 
ford, died  at  Saratoga  Aug.  11,  ISKi. 

W.'VLKER,  Timothy,  lir.st  i;  inister  of  Con- 
cord, N.  H„  died  in  17S2,  aged  77.  Born  in 
Burlington,  Mass.,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
l'i25,  andwns  settled  Nov.  18,  17;i().  lie  was 
nearly  lil'ty-two  years  in  the  ministry.  His  suc- 
cessors were  I.  I'^vans,  A.  McFarlnnd,  \.  Bouton. 
WALKER,  Bknjami.v,  colonel,  died  at  I'tica 
in  1S18.  He  was  aid  and  friend  of  liaron  Steu- 
ben. He  generously  scattered  his  wealth  among 
the  ))oor. 

W.VLKF.R,  Timothy,  judge,  died  May  ft, 
1S22,  aged  85.  He  was  a  patriot  of  the  Revo- 
lution, the  son  of  T,  W.,  the  minister  of  Concord, 
X,  II.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
1750;  and  in  1770  was  one  of  the  committee  of 
safety.  He  commanded  a  regiment  of  minute- 
men,  and  served  a  cam])aign  at  Winter  Hill  under 
Sullivan.  For  so\eral  years  he  was  chief  justice 
of  the  court  of  common  jileas.  His  son,  Charles, 
a  lawyer,  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1789,  and  died 
in  1831;  his  grandson,  Charles,  graduated  in 
181S,  and  died  in  18i;{  in  New  York. 

W.M.KER,  Samuki,,  minister  of  Danvers, 
died  July  7,  1820,  aged  47.  .\  graduate  of 
Dartmouth  in  1S02,  he  was  ordained  in  1 805,  and 
was  faith?"!  and  useful  and  respected. 
-  W.VLKKK,  AVii.LiAM,  judge,  resided  in  Berk- 
shire couiitv,  Mass.     In  1775  he  was  an  officer 


Randolph,  he  graduated  at  Cambridge  in  17!)5.  '  in  the  army  at  Camliridge.     For  many  years  ho 


His  fathei-  graduated  in  1708.  He  was  a  very 
si;icc*\sstul  and  rtNsiieetcd  merchant. 

W"ALES,  lUiNKY,  M.  ]).,  of  Boston,  died  in 
1NJ<>,  aged  about  30.  He  graduated  in  1838, 
and  he  bequeathed  his  library,  of  about  one  thou- 
sand four  bundled  volumes  of  splendid  books, 
to  Harvard  college, 

WALKER,  Zkciiauiaii,  first  minister  of  Wood- 
bury, Conn.,  died  Jan.  20,  1700,  aged  02.  He 
was  settled  at  W.  in  June,  1078.  Born  in  Bos- 
ton in  1037,  he  preached  lust  at  Jamaica,  Ii.  I., 
from  1003  to  1008;  and  then  was  installed.  May 
5,  1070,  over  the  second  church  in  Stratford.  He 
was  a  learned  man,  a  powerful  preacher,  of  good 


was  the  judge  of  the  county  court  and  judge  of 
probate.  He  died  at  Lenox  in  Nov.,  1831,  aged 
80.  In  his  politics  he  was  a  rejjublican  in  the 
lA'ki'ty  times  of  1801.  He  was  tall,  with  white 
locks,  of  great  personal  dignity ;  Gov.  Lincoln 
remarked,  that  he  was  the  most  venerable  man 
he  ever  saw.  He  was  indeed  venerated  by  those 
who  knew  liim,  not  only  for  a  long  life  of  faithful 
public  service,  but  for  his  social  virtues,  his  jiiiie 
morals,  his  disinterested  benevolence,  and  ardent 
piety.  Of  the  church  at  I  enox  lie  was  an  exem- 
plary member;  of  the  lierk.shire  bible  .society, 
president.  In  one  of  the  last  years  of  his  life  he 
travelled  over  the  bleak  liills  of  Berkshire  with 


816 


WALKER. 


WAM.EY. 


the  sole  oljoct  of  arnuNitif^  Iuh  fellow-citizcnii  in 
different  towns  to  a  seuMe  of  the  vnliic  of  Homo 
moral  and  charitable  institution  designed  for 
their  benefit. 

WAIJvEU,  JACon,  a  nlnvp,  a  very  rcmarkotjle 
man,  twenty-neven  years  the  ])iiNtor  of  a  Daptist 
ehurch,  died  at  Augusta,  On.,  Mav  •2(\,  1810,  aged 
7(i.  lie  was  a  slove  till  his  dnatli,  having  refused 
freedom,  offered  him  by  his  people,  lest  ho  should 
bo  lifted  above  his  flock.  lie  was  loved  by  his 
large  communion  of  fourteen  hundred  ]iorsons, 
as  few  ministers  have  been  loved.  His  jK'oplc 
placed  a  mnrblo  tablet  over  his  grave. 

WALKEIl,  Mrs.,  wife  of  William  Walker, 
missionary  in  West  Africa,  died  in  April,  1849. 
Ily  her  cheerful  labors  several  persons  were  con- 
verted to  God. 

WALKER,  JosKPii,  minister  of  Paris,  Me., 
died  in  18")!,  nged  59.  He  graduated  at  Ijow- 
doiii  in  INI 8. 

WALKEU,  Picnia,  captain,  died  at  Slurbridge, 
Mass.,  in  1851  or  1852,  a  philanthropist  and 
christian.  He  was  a  benefactor  of  Amherst  col- 
lege J  for  years  he  sustained  a  missionary  ut  the 
west.  He  bequeathed  1750  dollars  to  various 
societies. 

WALKER,  Sears  Cook,  well-skilled  in  astron- 
omy, died  in  1853,  aged  about  48. 

WALKER,  CiLVHLES,  M.  D. ,  a  respectable  phy- 
sician of  Northampton,  Mass.,  died  Jan.  17, 1855, 
aged  52.    He  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1824. 

WALKEU,  Timothy,  LL.  I).,  judge,  died  at 
Cincinnati  Jan.  15,  1856,  aged  53.  A  native  of 
Wilmington,  Mass.,  and  descendant  of  William 
Brewster,  he  graduated  in  1826.  Having  studied 
law,  he  settled  in  Cincinnati.  In  1833,  he  with 
Judge  Wright  established  a  law  school  j  but  he  re- 
signed his  jirofessorship  in  1844,  from  which 
time  he  was  in  full  practice  as  a  lawyer.  He  was 
an  excellent  teacher,  a  profound  and  learned 
jurist.  In  1838  he  gave  a  course  of  lectures  on 
commercial  '  iw.  He  edited  the  Western  law 
journal,  and  published  introduction  of  American 
law.  —  Boston  Adv.,  July  16,  1856. 

WALL,  Arthur,  died  in  Wake  county,  N.  C, 
in  1840,  aged  130,  "or  thereabouts." 

WALL,  Garret  I).,  judge,  died  at  Burlington, 
N.  J.,  in  1850,  aged  07.  He  was  chosen  gov- 
ernor in  1829,  but  declined  the  a])pointment. 
From  1835  to  1841  he  wos  a  senator  of  the 
United  States,  succeeding  Mr.  Frelinghuysen. 
He  was  a  judge  of  the  court  of  errors  and  appeals. 

WALLACE,  Andrew,  a  soldier  of  the  llevo- 
lution,  died  at  New  York  in  1835,  aged  105. 
Born  in  Scotland,  he  served  in  the  ormy  from 
1776  to  1813. 

WALLACE,  James,  T).  D.,  died  in  South  Car- 
olina Jan.  15,  1851.  lie  was  professor  of  mathe- 
matics in  the  S.  C.  college,  as  he  had  previously 
been  in  Columbia  collego,  N.  Y.,  and  George- 


town college,  T).  C.  He  imblished  a  treatise  on 
globes,  and  prnolicnl  nstronomv. 

WALLACE,  HoiiACK  H.,'of  I'bilndolpliia, 
killed  himself  in  consequence  of  a  diseosc  of  the 
brain,  in  Paris,  in  1852,  aged  35.  He  was  the  Hon 
of  John  B.  Wallace,  an  eminent  lawyer  of  I'hila- 
delphia.  He  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1835, 
From  his  papers  was  published  after  his  death  a 
volume  entitled,  art,  scenery,  and  j)hilos()|.liy  in 
Europe,  1852.  — Cy/.  of.  Amer.  Lit. 

WALLACl'^,  MATriiKW  G.,  died  at  Terre 
Haute  in  July,  1854,  aged  about  80  j  a  Prosby. 
terian  mini>ti'i'  nearly  sixty  years,  one  of  the  first 
in  Cincinnaii,  a  cham|)ion  of  the  truth. 

WALLCUTT,  Thomas,  died  at  the  McLenn 
asylum,  Boston,  June  5,  1840,  aged  82.  In  his 
last  days  he  had  cpilcj)tic  fits.  Born  in  Boston, 
he  lived  in  the  family  and  was  educated  in  the 
school  of  ])r.  Wheelock,  of  Hanover,  and  went  a 
missionary  to  the  St.  Francis  Indians.  In  the 
war  be  was  a  steward  in  the  army.  Being  a  fail 
penman,  he  long  served  at  Boston  os  a  clerk  in 
the  office  of  the  secretary  of  State.  He  was 
secretary  of  the  historical  society  and  of  the  ])ence 
society.  Having  collected  many  books,  he  com- 
mitted about  eight  hundred  volumes  to  William 
Alkn,  who  married  a  daughter  of  his  fi-iciul 
President  Wheelock,  and  by  him  they  were  ^ic- 
sented  to  Bowdoin  college.  The  remainder  of 
his  library  he  gave  to  the  antiquarian  and  histor- 
ical societies.  —  Boston  Recorder,  June  19. 

WALLER,  John,  died  in  Soutli  Carolina,  July 
4,  1802,  aged  62.  Born  in  Virginia,  he  was  or- 
dained as  a  Baptist  minister  in  1770,  and  was 
very  successful.  In  Virginia  he  bajitized  more 
than  2,000  persons  and  assisted  in  forming  eigh- 
teen churches  and  ordaining  twenty-seven  min- 
isters. For  some  years  he  was  pastor  over  five 
churches ;  he  counted  1500  church-members. 
In  his  persecutions  he  was  five  times  imprisoned, 
in  all  II  le  hundred  and  thirteen  days. 

WAiiLEY,  Thomas,  minister  of  Barnstable, 
Mass.,  died  March  24,  1679,  aged  61.  He  was 
ejected  from  a  parish  in  London  in  1062,  and  in 
1603  sought  a  refuge  in  America,  and  was  settled 
in  Bai-nstable.  His  prudence  was  the  means  of 
restoring  the  harmony  of  the  church,  which  had 
been  interrupted.  He  was  an  accomplished 
scholar  and  an  eminent  Christian,  remarkable  for 
humility.  He  published  balm  in  Gilead  to  heal 
Zion's  wounds,  an  election  sermon  in  Plymouth, 
June  1,  1669. 

WALLEY,  John,  a  judge  of  the  superior  court 
of  Massachusetts  and  a  member  of  the  council, 
died  at  Boston  Jan.  11,  1712,  aged  68.  In  the 
year  1690  he  accompanied  Sir  W.  Phipj)8  in  his 
unsuccessful  exjjedition  against  Canada,  being  in- 
trusted with  the  command  of  the  land  forces. 
He  was  one  of  the  principal  founders  of  the  town 
and  church  of  Bristol.    The  high  trusts,  reposed 


WALLEY. 


WALTER. 


«1T 


ill  h  m  by  Ihk  tountry,  wi-re  (lincharned  witli  nliil- 
ily  .  'Ill  fiiU'llly,  uiul  lu'  ('\hil)it('il  nn  iincommDn 
nwi-eliii'""  and  candor  of  npiril  lunl  the  various 
virtiu's  of  tl"' ^'l""'"''""-  His  journol  of  the  rx- 
iicdition  t"  Cuiadu  i»  prcRcrvid  in  lliilcliinnon. 

WAI.LKY,  John,  minister  of  IpHwich,  died  in 
17S4,  aged  08.  He  gradiuiti'd  at  Harvard  in 
17;M.  He  was  ordained  lit  Ipxwicli  in  1717;  in- 
fitiilled  at  Ilolton  in  177iJ;  and  dioa  ut  Jloxliury. 
He  was  a  fuithfid,  diligent  jireaclier,  Kolicitous  to 
bring  the  truth  to  the  hearts  of  his  lu;arers. 

WALT'EY,  SaMIKI.  H.,  a  worthy  citizen  of 
noston,  died  at  Burlington,  Vt.,  in  185(1.  His 
wife  was  n  daughter  of  l)cacon  William  Phillips. 
His  good  deeds  made  him  highly  respected.  He 
was  the  brother  of  Thomas,  who  became  a  Cath- 
olic and  lived  at  Brookline,  and  died  in  1818, 
aged  70.  They  were  the  sons  of  Thomas,  and 
the  fourth  in  descent  from  Rev.  Thomas  of  Barn- 
stable. 

WALN,  Nicholas,  died  in  Philadelphia  in 
1813;  formerly  a  distinguished  member  of  the 
bar,  latterly  a  preacher  among  the  Friends. 

AVAIiN,  UonKUT,  Jun.,  a  poet,  waa  born  in 
Philadelphia  in  1704,  and  was  liberally  educated, 
liut  did  not  jiursuo  any  profession.  On  his  return 
from  a  voyage  to  Canton  as  supercargo  he  pub- 
lished in  4to.  numbers  a  history  of  China.  He 
died  July  4,  1825,  aged  31.  After  the  publica- 
tion of  the  3d  volume  of  the  biography  of  the 
signers  of  the  declaration  of  independence,  he 
edited  that  work.  He  published  the  hermit  in 
Philadelphia,  a  satirical  work,  1819;  a  second 
series  of  do.;  the  American  bards  j  touches  at 
the  times,  with  other  poems,  1820 ;  life  of  Lafay- 
ette, 1824.— Spec.  Am.  Poet.,m,  213. 

WALN,  Robert,  died  at  Philadelphia  in  1836, 
aged  71 !  a  merchant,  and  a  member  of  congress 
from  1798  to  1801. 

WALSH,  Michael,  died  at  Amesbury,  Mass., 
in  1840,  aged  77.  He  was  a  native  of  Ireland, 
an  eminent  teacher  and  useful  citizen.  He  pub- 
lished mercantile  arithmetic. 

WALTER,  Nehemiah,  minister  of  Roxbury, 
Mass.,  died  Sept.  17,  1750,  aged  86.  He  was 
born  in  Ireland  in  December,  1663.  His  father, 
who  settled  in  Boston,  brought  him  to  this  country 
as  early  as  1679 ;  he  was  graduated  at  Harvard 
college  in  1684.  He  soon  afterwards  went  to 
Nova  Scotia,  and  lived  in  a  French  family.  Thus 
acquiring  a  correct  knowledge  of  the  French  lan- 
guage, he  was  enabled  in  the  latter  periods  of  his 
life  to  preach  to  a  society  of  French  Protestants 
in  Boston,  in  the  absence  of  their  pastor,  '^ftor 
his  return  he  pursued  his  studies  for  some  time  at 
Cambridge,  where  he  was  appointed  a  fellow  of 
the  college.  He  was  ordained  at  Roxbury  Oct. 
17,  1688,  as  colleague  with  the  apostolic  Eliot. 
After  a  ministry  of  more  than  sixty-eight  years  he 
died  in  peace  and  hope.  His  wife  was  Sarah, 
103 


daughter  of    Incroanc    Mather.      Hi*  daiightrr 
married  (1,   I'irmiii.     His  niinistrj  and  ihnt  of 
Mr.  liliot  orrujiied  a  upari'  of  near  one  hundred 
and  twenty  '    iirs.     He  preached  a  few  years  after 
his  settlement  withmit  iii)te<,  in  the  usual  niaiwier 
of  the  day ;  hut,  iiis  memory  h;l^illg  I'cen  iinpr.ired 
by  a  fit  of  sickness,  he  from  that  cause  kejit  his 
notes  before  him.     He  was  eminent  in  the  gift  of 
prayer.     It  was  a  maxim  with  liiin,  that  those  re- 
ligious ])riiiciples  niigiit  well  lie  suspericil  which 
could  not  be  introdueed  in  an  address  to  Heaven  | 
and  he  was  ]ilease(l  in  observing  that  those,  who 
in  their  jjreachiiig  ()|)])osed  the  system  of  Colvin, 
were  wont  to  ]irav  in  accordance  with  it.     His 
whole  life  was  devoted  to  the  greot  objects  of  the 
Christian  ministry.     He  prcseiiteil  a  bright  exam- 
))le   of  personal  holiness.     Mr.  Whitefield,  who 
saw  him  in  1740,  calls  him  a  good  olil  Puritan, 
and  says,  "I  had  but  little  conversation  with  him, 
my  stay  was  so  short ;  but  I  remember  he  told 
me,  he  was  glad  to  hear  I  said  that  man  was 
half  a  devil  and  half  a  beast."    In  his  own  preach- 
ing it  was  the  care  of  Mr.  Walter  ti,  humble  man, 
and  to  exalt  the  grace  of  God.    He  published  the 
body  of  death  anatomized,  an  essay  on  indwelling 
sin,  12mo.,  1707;  on   vain  thoughts;  the   great 
concern   of  man ;  the  wonderfulness  of  Christ ; 
the  holiness  of  heaven,  1713;  a  convention  ser- 
mon,   1723;    unfruitful    hearers    detected   and 
warned,  1754;  a  posthumous  volume  of  sermon 
on  the  55th  chapter  of  Isaiah,  with  his  life,  8vo., 
1755.  —  Sprat/ue. 

WALTER,  Thomas,  minister  of  Roxbury, 
Mass.,  the  son  of  the  preceding,  was  bom  in 
1696,  and  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
1713.  He  was  ordained  acoUeague  with  his  father 
Oct.  29,  1718,  but  died  Jan.  10,  1725,  aged  28. 
He  was  one  of  the  most  distinguiwhed  scholars 
and  acutest  disputants  of  his  day.  He  was  a 
champion  of  the  doctrines  of  grace.  In  his  last 
illness  he  was  for  some  time  very  anxious  for  the 
salvatii.  of  his  soul,  as  the  follies  of  his  youth 
were  fresh  in  his  view ;  but  at  length  his  appre- 
hensions were  removed.  He  said,  "  I  shall  be  a 
most  glorious  instance  of  sovereign  grace  in  all 
heaven."  He  published  a  sermon  at  the  lecture 
for  promoting  good  singing,  1722;  the  Scrip- 
tures the  only  rule  of  faith  and  practice,  1723  ; 
and  two  other  sermons.  —  Sprague. 

WALTER,  Nathaniel,  minister  of  the  second 
church  in  Roxbury,  died  in  1776,  aged  about  67. 
The  son  of  Rev.  Thomas,  he  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1729,  and  was  ordained  in  1734.  Ho 
was  the  father  of  Rev.  William  ;  and  his  daugh- 
ter Rebecca  married  Rev.  M.  Byles,  jun.,  and 
Maria  married  Gen.  Joseph  Otis,  of  Barnstable. 
He  succeeded  E.  Thayer,  and  was  succeeded  by 
Abbot,  Bradford,  Flagg,  and  Whiting. 

WALTER,  Thomas,  a  botanist,  was  a  native 
of  England.    After  lus  arrival  in  this  country  he 


818 


WALTER. 


WARD. 


became  a  planter  a  few  mile*  from  fliarlciiton  in 
South  Carolina,  an<l  died  towards  the  tIokl-  of 
the  loHt  century.  He  pulilihhed  flora  Curolini- 
ana,  17HH. 

'VALTEK,  William,  I),  p.,  ditd  in  Hoston 
Dec.  5,  IHOO.  lie  wuh  the  Kon  of  TlioninH  W., 
by  Rebecca,  i  daughter  of  Rev.  Joseph  JJclcher. 
Born  in  1737,  he  graduated  ut  Harvard  in  1750. 
He  wan  rector  of  Trinity  church  from  1 70-1  to 
1770,  and  rector  of  Christ'H  church  in  1792. 
He  wan  the  grondHon  of  Rev.  Nathaniel  W.,  of 
Roxbury,  and  the  father  of  Lynde  ond  William 
W.,  merchants  of  Boston. 

WALTER,  William  Bicker,  a  poet,  was 
born  in  Boston;  the  only  son  of  William,  a 
merchant,  and  grandson  of  the  Rev.  William, 
D.  D.;  graduated  at  Bowdoin  college  in  1818; 
and  died  in  Charle.ston  S.  C,  April  23, 1823,  aged 
27.  He  published  Sukey,  a  poem,  1821 ;  a  vol- 
ume of  poems,  1821 — Spec.  Am.  Poet,  ii.,  101. 
WALTERS,  Daniel  D.,  doctor,  a  physicion 
in  extensive  practicr  in  New  York,  died  in  1824, 
aged  51.  He  published  a  diary  concerning  the 
ycl'.ow  fever  in  1822.  This  fever,  he  maintained, 
originated  in  a  specific  poison  brought  from  abroad. 
His  family  belonged  to  the  society  of  Friends :  he 
confided  for  religious  teachings  in  Barclay's  books. 
—  Williams'  Med.  Biog. 

WALTON,  William,  first  minister  of  Marble- 
nead,  died  about  1008.  He  came  from  England 
in  1637,  and  was  succeeded  by  S.  Cheever, 

WALTON,  Geokoe,  colonel,  governor  of 
Georgia,  died  Feb.  4,  1804,  aged  03.  He  was 
the  only  son  of  William,  and  a  patriot  of  the 
Revolution ;  was  bom  in  Frederick  county,  Vo., 
in  1740,  and  was  early  apprenticed  to  a  carpen- 
ter, whose  economy  would  not  allow  his  young 
apprentice  a  candle  to  read  at  night.  In  his  zeal 
for  knowledge  he  found  a  substitute  in  pine  knots. 
In  1774  he  commenced  the  practice  of  the  law 
in  Georgia.  Being  from  Feb.,  177e,till  Oct.,  1781, 
a  member  of  congress,  he  signed  the  declaration 
of  independence.  With  a  colonel's  commission 
in  the  militia  he  assisted  in  the  defence  of  Savan- 
nah in  Dec,  1778,  and  was  wounded  in  the  thigh, 
and  kept  a  prisoner  till  Sept,  1779.  In  the  next 
month  he  was  chosen  governor;  and  again  in 
1789.  He  was  also  a  senator  of  the  United 
States,  and  for  fiiteen  years  a  judge  of  the  supe- 
rior court.  To  such  eminence  did  this  self-taught 
man  rise  by  the  force  of  his  talents,  his  industry, 
and  the  favor  of  Providence.  In  his  last  years 
he  suffered  from  the  gout.  —  Ooodrich. 

WALTON,  Joseph,  minister  in  Portsmouth, 
third  church,  died  in  1822,  aged  80.  Born  in  New- 
castle, he  was  settled  in  1789. 

WALTON,  William  C,  pastor  of  a  free  church 
in  Hartford,  Conn.,  died  in  1834,  aged  40. 

WALTON,  EzEiOEL  P.,  general,  died  at  Mont- 


policr,  Vt.,  in  1833,  ngcd  Cfl;  editor  of  the  Ver- 
mont Watchman. 

W  AM  ITS,  John,  an  Indian  iiacheni,  wat  nnu 
of  the  native  owners  of  the  town  of  Sutton,  .MnHn. 
I  lis  Nulc  of  the  land  was  confirmed  to  the  pur- 
chasers in  1704. 

WAI'LKS,  Sami'EL,  captoin,  an  officer  of  the 
Revolutionary  army,  died  in  Accomac  county,  Va., 
in  1831,  ngi'd  00. 

WARD,  Nathaniel,  first  minister  of  I])8wich, 
Mass.,  died  in  1003,  aged  about  83.  He  was 
born  in  Haverhill,  England,  in  1370,  the  son  of 
John  W.,  a  minister  of  the  estaljl'shed  church. 
He  was  educated  at  the  university  of  Cambridge. 
Being  settled  in  the  ministry  at  Standon  in  Ilert- 
fordsliirc,  he  was  ordered  before  the  bishop,  Dec. 
12,  1031,  to  onswer  for  his  noncomformity ;  and, 
refusing  to  comjily  with  the  requisitions  of  the 
church,  ho  was  at  length  forbidden  to  continue 
in  the  exercise  of  his  clerical  office.  In  A])ril, 
1034,  he  left  his  native  country,  and  arrived  in 
New  England  in  June.  He  was  soon  settled  ns 
pastor  of  the  church  at  Agawam  or  Ipswich.  In 
1033  he  received  Mr.  Norton  as  his  colleague; 
but  in  the  following  year  he  was  by  his  own  re- 
quest released  from  his  engagement  as  a  minister, 
and  Nathaniel  Rogers  was  settled  in  his  ])lace. 
In  1641  he  was  chosen  by  the  freemen  witiiott 
the  consent  of  the  magistrates  to  preach  the 
election  sermon.  In  Dec.  of  the  same  jear  tlie 
general  court  established  one  hundred  laws,  called 
"  the  body  of  liberties,"  which  were  drawn  uji  hy 
Mr.  Ward  in  1039,  and  had  been  committoil  to 
the  governor  and  others  for  consideration.  In 
1647  he  returned  to  England,  and  soon  after  his 
arrival  published  a  work  entitled,  "the  simjile 
cobbler  of  Aggawam  in  America,"  which  was 
written  during  the  civil  wars  of  Charles  I.,  and 
designed  to  encourage  the  opposcrs  of  the  kiii;;, 
and  the  enemies  of  the  established  church.  lie 
resumed  his  profession,  and  in  1648  was  settled 
at  Shenfield  in  Essex,  where  he  remained  till  his 
death.  He  was  a  man  of  great  humor.  Besides 
his  simple  cobbler  at  Aggawam,  which  was  printed 
at  London  in  4to.  and  at  Boston  1713,  nnd  which 
is  a  curious  specimen  of  his  wit  and  the  vigor  of 
his  mind,  he  published  several  other  humorous 
works ;  but  they  are  now  forgotten,  e.\cepting  a 
trifling  satire  upon  the  preachers  in  London, 
entitled,  Mercurius  antimecharius,  or  the  simple 
cobbler's  boy  with  his  lap  full  of  caveats,  etc. 
1647.  —  Sprague. 

WARD,  James,  doctor,  the  son  of  Nathaniel 
W.,  went  with  him  to  England  and  became  a 
physician.     He  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1043. 

WARD,  John,  first  minister  of  Huvorhill, 
Mass.,  died  Dec.  27,  1693,  aged  87.  The  son 
of  Nathaniel  W.,  he  was  born  in  England 
Nov.  6,  1606.     He  came  to  this  country  in  1039, 


WARD. 

iiroiclipd  for  «oni''  \\mc  af  Affnnipntirn«,  hut  in  1 
llltl  w.iturHli'dn'  '  ivi-rliill.  Ilcrr  liccontiniii'd 
till  lib  dpatli.  .^  >. I  a  month  licfon' tliiit  event 
he  jirewhed  nn  cxnllent  sermon.  IIIm  lirm 
health  ill  hit  advimced  iiff';  wnn  owin|i  'o  his  tem- 
perance in  catiii;,',  drinUioK,  sle«.')iiM>,',  and  l<i  Ills 
miifh  exercise.  He  tioineiimr»  walked  thiriy 
mih'H  without  any  didicuhy.  He  wu.s  very  inod- 
CKt  and  dithdent;  plain  in  IjIh  dresH  and  prudent 
in  his  whole  conduct.  IIu  was  n  jihyNician  uh 
well  ns  a  niiii»ter.  IIIh  FucccHsors  wero  Iloll', 
(Jardnor,  Drown,  IJamard,  Shaw,  Ahhot,  Jjodne, 
and  riielpH.  —  Hpraijuc'n  Aiiiialn. 

WARD,  SA.MirKi,,  doctor,  died  in  Greenwich. 
N.  J..  Fch.  1",  1774.  Ho  was  a  man  of  bencvo- 
loncc,  and  venernble  for  his  ruli^ion. 

WARD,  S.\MUi;i,,  governor  of  Rhode  Inland, 
died  March  20,  1770.  lie  was  chosen  governor 
in  1702,  and  aj^ain  in  1705  and  in  1700.  lie  was 
also  chief  justice  of  the  supremo  court.  lie  was 
a  memhor  of  the  first  congress  in  1774.  "While 
attending  his  duty  as  n  member  of  this  body,  he 
died  at  Philadelphia  of  the  sniiU  pox.  liis 
brother,  Henry  W.,  a  patriot  of  the  Revolution, 
died  in  Dec,  1707.  lie  was  not  only  a  firm  pat- 
riot, but  a  sincere  Christian,  a  devout  attendant 
on  the  Lord's  supper,  and  a  useful  member  of 
the  church  with  which  he  was  connected. 

WARD,  AuTi-.M.\8,  the  first  major-general  in 
the  American  army,  died  at  Shrewsbury,  Mass., 
Oct.  28,  1800,  aged  73.  He  was  graduated  at 
Harvard  college  in  1748,  and  was  afterwards  a 
representative  in  the  legislature,  a  member  ot 
the  council,  and  a  justice  of  the  court  of  com- 
mon pleas  for  Worcester  county.  When  the 
war  commenced  with  Great  Hritain,  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  congress  first  major-general,  June  17, 
1775.  After  the  arrival  of  Washington  in  July, 
when  a  disposition  was  to  be  made  of  the  troops 
for  the  siege  of  Boston,  the  command  of  the 
right  wing  of  tin'  army  at  Roxburywas  intrusted 
to  him.  He  resigned  his  commission  in  April, 
1770,  though  he  continued  some  time  longer  in 
command,  at  the  request  <>f  Washington.  He 
afterwards  devoted  himself  to  the  duties  of  civil 
life.  lie  was  a  member  of  congress  both  before 
and  after  the  adoption  of  the  present  con'^iitu- 
tion.  He  had  a  long  decline,  in  which  he  e iliil- 
ited  the  most  exemplary  ])atience.  He  ^\ 
man  of  incorruptible  integrity.  His  life  \ii->>- 
sented  the  virtues  of  the  Christian. 

WARD,  Ephiiaim,  minister  of  West  Brook- 
field,  died  in  1818,  aged  77  j  highly  respected. 
lie  was  a  native  of  Newton,  a  graduate  of  Har- 
vard in  1763,  and  was  settled  in  1771  over  the 
church  of  the  then  first  parish  of  Brookfield. 
lie  published  several  sermons. 

WARD,  JosUH  M.,  Dr.,  died  in  Berlin,  Conn., 
in  1825,  aged  43.  Born  in  Guilford,  he  studied 
medicine  with  Dr.  Percival  of  B.,  and  succeeded 


WARDF.N. 


819 


him  ill  1iu»inr!n.    Tlu  j.iiid  spottrd  fetor  nf  tS'.'.'J, 
and  after,  dimanded  of   him  much  lalior  and  fn- 
ligue.     Some  of  Inn  own  i  liildrin  died  in  iH'j.'j, 
and  in  that  year  he  follow.d  them.  --  Tlunhrr. 
WARD,  Samii;i.,  (..Ion.  I,  died  a(  New  York 
Aug.  l(i,  1H;12.  Mv;(d  ',:,.      The  Hon  of  (iov.  Ward 
of  Rhode  Island,  he  gru.hiatecl   in    1771,  in  the 
thir<l  class  of    Itrown   i;iii\ersily.      In    1771    ho 
was  enrolled  in  the  jiatt.ot  conipuny  of  the  Kent- 
ish guards.     As  a  captain  he  was  in  the  camp  at 
Caniliridge    in    1775,    and    ae(dmpanie<l    .\rtiold 
through  the  wilderness  of  Me.ine  lo  (Quebec    He 
was  made  iirisoner,  but  exchanged.     ,\s  a  major 
in  Greene's  regiment  he  fought  at  Red  Dank  fort, 
and  served  bravely  during  the  whole  war.     His 
military   operations   were    then   exchanged    for 
those  of  the  merchant.     He  made  a  voyage  from 
I'rovidence  to  Canton  in  1783,  and  then  estab- 
lished himself  in  business  in  the  city  of  New 
York.     His  affairs  carried  him  to  Kuropo.     On 
liis  return  hs  settled  on  a  farm  at  I'.ast  Green- 
wich, R.  I.,  where  he  lived  to  see  his  children  ed- 
ucated  to  usefulness.     At   last,  to  be  near  his 
children,  who  were  in  business  'n   Now  Y'ork,  ho 
removed  to  Jamaica,  I,.  I.    Here  he  lived  as  a 
patriarch  until  it  jjleased  God  to  remove  him  from 
the  earth.     His  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Gov.  Wil- 
liam Greene  of  Rhodu  Island,  and  thus  lie  was 
again  connected,  as  he  had  boon  before  by  mdi- 
tary  services,  with  the  soldiers  of  that  name. 

WARD,  Samuix,  died  ill  New  Y'ork  Nov.  27, 
1839,  aged  53;  president  nf  the  bank  of  com- 
nierce.  He  was  the  head  of  the  banking-house 
of  Prime,  YVard,  and  King.  Ho  had  intelli- 
gence, a  sound  judgment,  and  integrity ;  and  was 
a  man  of  strong  religious  feelings,  i^ealous  to 
promote  the  objects  of  benevolence. 

YVARl),  NA'niANiKi,,  died  in  Irwington,  Ga., 
in  1840,  aged  98.  He  was  a  Virginian,  and 
served  several  campaigns  under  Wasliington  ;  a 
poor  man,  but  nobly  patriotic. 

WARD,  JoiTN,  died  in  St.  John's,  New 
Brunswick,  Aug.  5,  1846,  aged  92  ;  the  father  of 
the  city.  Born  in  Westchester,  he  was  a  tory  and 
soldier :  in  1783  he  embarked  with  his  regiment 
'  f  loyal  Americans  for  New  Brunswick,  where 
he  held  various  olfices  and  lived  in  high  esteem. 
I  WARD,  AUTEMAS,  LL.  I).,  died  at  Boston 
11 1  (int.  7,  1847,  aged  84,  cliief  justice  of  the  court 
of  common  picas.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Har- 
vard in  1783,  a  member  of  congress  in  1815,  and 
was  appointed  a  judge  in  1821,  holding  his  place 
nineteen  years.  Of  learning  and  courtesy,  he 
was  respected  on  the  bench  and  esteemed  in  do- 
mestic and  social  life. 

WARD,  Samuel,  governor  of  Rhode  Island, 
died  in  Jan.,  1851 ;  a  supporter  of  law  during  the 
Dorr  rebellion. 

WARDEN,  John,  died  in  New  Scotland,  N.  Y., 
in  1836,  aged  100. 


820 


WAIIDEN. 


WAJIM'-U. 


WACDEX.  !nvu)  n.,  U.  8.  connul  nt  I'ari», 
(lied  ill  tliut  ciry  in  1H1.5  |  u  iiiiiii  of  sciciititic  uiid 
liti'rnry  iiciitiiniiifiitN.  A  imtivv  of  Irclaiul,  Iil' 
wnN  consul  iiiiil  M'crcliiry  of  ii'^fntiiiii  (o  Frnncu 
for  Airly  yciirH  licforc  hi'N  deuth.  \iv  piihlihlicd 
account  of  tliu  United  StiitcN,  .'{  voin.,  1N1!I|  llie 
tiuini!  in  Frencli  nt  J'nriMj  on  coimulur  eHtuiilisli- 
mentK,  1H13;  the  Kunui  in  [''rencli ;  liililiotliecn 
Americana,  collection  <if  liookn  relutiiiK  to  \.  A., 
18ai  I  and  liil).  Ainerico-Ncjit.,  I'nriH,  1820. — 
Quodrii'h'n  ItccdlleitioH*. 

AVAllDWFJ.I,,  I)ANU;i,,  M.  ]).,  died  at  An- 
dover,  Mbmn.,  April  M,  1H.51,  uged  07,  He  en- 
joyed iin  exlLiiHivo  prncticc  und  won  much  i>eloved. 

WMIE,  Hk.NUY,  I).  1).,  HolliH  proffMor  of 
theology  at  Harvard  collejfe,  died  ot  Cnmljridge 
July  12,  IH-IO,  aged  81.  lie  woh  born  at  Sher- 
born  April  1,  1704,  and  was  of  ti,  fifth  genera- 
tion from  llobert  Ware,  who  lived  in  Dedham 
from  1042  to  1099.  The  intervening  unccstorH 
after  llobert,  were  John,  Jo.sejih,  and  John.  His 
brother,  Josej)!!  Ware,  a  farmer,  was  the  father 
of  Judge  AKhur  Ware  of  Maine.  He  graduated 
in  178/3,  and  was  ordained  at  Ilingham  as  succcs- 
Bor  of  Dr.  Ony  Oct.  24,  1787.  lie  became  pro- 
fessor in  180J,  as  succciisor  of  J)r.  Tujipan,  ond 
remained  in  office  till  1840.  Ilia  first  wife  was 
Mary,  daughter  of  Rev.  Jonas  Clarke  of  Lexing- 
ton i  his  second,  married  in  1807,  was  Mary, 
daughter  of  James  Otis  and  widow  of  Ilcnjamin 
Lincoln,  jun. ;  his  third  wife,  married  Sept.,  1807, 
was  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Nicholas  liowes.  Of 
his  daughters,  Lucy  Clark  married  Itcv.  Joseph 
Allen,  D.  D.,  of  Northborough  i  Harriet,  by  his 
third  wife,  married  Rev.  Edward  B.  Hall,  D.  D., 
of  Frovidcnce ;  Elizabeth  Aim  married  liev. 
George  Putnam,  1).  D.,  of  Iloxburyi  and  Caro- 
line llobecca  married  Edward  Warren,  M.  D.,  of 
Newton.  His  children,  the  offspring  of  two  wives, 
were  nineteen  in  number.  Of  his  sons  were 
Rev.  Henry  and  Rev.  William,  John,  M.  D., 
Charles  Eliot,  M.  D.,  George  Frederic,  Thornton 
Kirkland.  In  1839,  at  a  family  meeting,  fifty  of 
bis  descendants  were  present.  In  his  last  years 
he  was  nearly  blind.  On  his  appointment  as 
professor  of  divinity,  a  warm  controversy  sprung 
up  on  the  propriety  of  placing  a  Unitarian  in 
that  office.  Dr.  Morse  was  one  of  the  writers  on 
the  occasion.  Dr.  Ware  pulilished  letters  to 
Trinitarians  and  Calvinists,  and  other  tracts  in 
answer  to  Dr.  Woods;  lectures  on  the  evidences 
and  doctrines  of  Christianity. 

WARE,  Henry,  junior,  D.  D.,  died  in  Fra- 
mingham,  Mass.,  Sept.  22,  1843,  aged  49.  He 
was  born  in  Hingham  in  1793,  the  son  of  Rev. 
Dr.  W.,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1812.  Jan. 
1,  1817,  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  second 
church  in  Boston,  as  successor  of  Dr.  J.  Lathrop. 
After  thirteen  years  he  was  dismissed,  and 
R.  W.  Emerson  was    his  successor.    He  then 


'  travciUMl  a  y-^'  In  F.iiropv.  Ori  hi*  return  ho 
wan  profeci  ,  f  jmlfit  i'l(i(|i«'iu'i'  in  tii*'  divinity 
Nciiooi,  Ciiw  )  .i  gr  At  i<utt  III'  hud  lung  intlrmi- 
tii-M  anil  llli'.vitH, 

I  WAltK,  Wn.t.lAM,  m!  .inter  in  Xcw  York,i!ii<l 
lit  CnmbridKr  I''fh.   10,  iHiil.',  ni,'«'il  M.     The  nod 

I  of  Rev.  I'rof.  Ware,  lie  Kr.KJiritcd  at  niirvard  in 

j  IHIO,  niul  wuN  pnntor  of  the  Inituriun  churvli  in 
New  York  from  lh21  to  1830.  He  viae  then  a 
minister  at  West  Cambridge  frnm  IK43  to  18|,5. 
He  travelled  in  Eurojii-.  Hi-  ilclivfircd  vurioiw 
lecturcM.  Hi'publiNhedZenubiai  I'robus  )  letters 
from  I'alinyru. 

WAltHAM,  JdUN,  first  miniNter  of  Windnor, 
Conn.,  died  April  1,  l(i70.  I  If  was  an  emiiirnt 
miniNter  in  Exeter,  England,  before  ho  enmc  to 
this  country.  Having  taken  the  chnrgo  of  a 
church  which  was  gathered  at  I'lymouth,  cnnMnt- 
iiig  of  jjerNons  about  to  emigrate  to  America,  ho 
accompoiiicd  them  as  teacher  and  Mr.  Maverick 
an  pastor.  They  arrived  at  Nantoskct  May  30, 
1030,  and  in  June  began  a  settlement  at  Dor- 
chester. In  1035  this  church  removed  und  set- 
tled at  Windsor.  Mr.  Maverick,  while  prepar- 
ing to  follow  them,  died  Feb.  3,  1030 ;  but  Mr. 
W.  joined  them  in  Sept.  Here  he  continued 
about  thirty-four  years  till  his  death.  Though  ho 
was  distinguished  for  piety  and  the  strictest  tiii.r- 
als,  yet  ho  was  sometimes  the  prey  of  religious 
melancholy.  He  was  known  to  administer  the 
Lord's  supper  to  his  brethren,  while  he  did  not 
jiarticipate  with  them,  through  a])prehension  that 
the  seals  of  the  new  covenant  did  not  belong  to 
him.  It  is  supposed  that  he  was  the  first  minis- 
ter in  New  England  who  used  notes  in  preaching  j 
yet  he  was  animated  and  energetic  in  his  manner. 
—  Mather's  Magnalia,  III.  121 ;  Sprague. 

WARNER,  Setii,  colonel,  a  soldier  of  the 
Revolution,  died  at  Woodbury,  Conn.,  in  I'^HCi, 
aged  41.  He  was  bom  in  Woodbury  about  1744. 
In  1773  he  removed  to  Bennington,  Vt.,  where 
he  became  an  indefatigable  hunter.  In  the  con- 
troversy with  New  York  he  and  Ethan  Allen  were 
the  leaders  of  the  people.  New  York  passed  an 
act  of  outlawry  against  him  March  9,  1774.  At 
the  head  of  troops  which  he  raised,  he  marched 
with  Allen  to  capture  Ticonderoga  in  1775.  Re- 
ceiving a  commission  from  congress  ho  also  raised 
a  regiment  and  joined  Montgomery  in  Canada ; 
but  on  the  approach  of  winter  his  men  were  dis- 
charged. After  the  death  of  Montgomery  he 
raised  another  body  of  troops  in  1770  and 
marched  to  Quebec.  Ho  covered  the  retreat  to 
Ticonderoga.  Forced  to  abandon  that  post,  July 
0,  1777,  the  enemy  overtook  him  at  Hubbardton 
July?,  and  attacked  the  three  regiments  of  Hale, 
Francis,  and  Warner.  Francis  fell ;  Hale  surren- 
dered with  his  regiment ;  but  Warner  made  good 
his  retreat  to  ^Manchester.  Called  to  the  aid  of 
Stark  Aug.  16,  1777,  he  arrived  in  season  to  meet 


WAUNEU. 

and  (Icfrnt  the  rriiifurri'tncnf  of  the  rnrmy,  nnd  ' 
Unix  to  partii'i|iiiti'  in  (hi-  rcnnun  of  the  lliiuiinK- 
toii  victory.      Ho  ilu'ii  jiiiiicd   thf  army   under 
(Jati'it.     In  vuin  dlfl  the  New  Ynrk  coiivi'utioii  in 
1777  dclitil  ei>ni(rfNit  to  rivoki'   hix  nininiionioM. 


VARIir.N. 


Ml 


orator  of  tlw  town  on  ihc  nnnlvrmiiry  of  the 
m.i.  "ai-n-,  nnd  hi«  (iratiixix  lirralhi'  tlir  incrKV  "f 
a  jfriiit  luul  during  mind.  It  wiw  ho  »h-  •  Miho 
iviniMK  lu'lorr  tlif  l>iiii||.  „f  I..xinf(ton  •  l.>it'.  J 
iiif'Tniation  of  ihc  intrndid  <x|tcdii'    i   .yii.i  t 

AVorn  down  hy  hin  toilx,  hi-  Mink  under  i\  coini)li-  j  Concord,  mid  iit  ten  oVlixk  at   iii){ht  -  v>  /.  iivd 

cution  of   dihordiTH,   iind    died    iit    \\'(M)dliiir>,    im  expri  hh  to  Kancmk  iind  Ad.tnu,  who'wprp  nt 

vliithcr  liii  hud  reniovi'd   his  family.     Vcrnmnt, 

hi  ){rutitudt'  to  thin  liravc  KoUhcr,  (granted  it  vutu- 


ohh-  tract  of  land  to  hiH  wiilow  and  children. 

WAllNWl,  AKiisrtM  L.  M.  !>.,  j.rofcHHor 
of  Hurgcry  in  Ilainiiden  Sidney  college,  Virginia, 
(lied  in  1H47. 

WAUUKN,  lUciiAKO,  one  of  the  one  hun- 
dred pilgrims  who  came  tol'lymoulh  in  the  May- 
flower in  1020.  His  nume,  in  the  compact  Kigned 
by  tha  company,  jh  (me  of  tha  ten  names  having 
the  title  of  Mr.  prefixed.  lie  died  in  lOilH  :  hin 
widow,  Klizalioth,  died  in  1073,  aged  W).  They 
liad  two  8onH  and  five  duughlerN.  Mury  married 
llohert  Uortlett  of  Duxhury,  who  came  in  lOli.'J. 
Ilcr  brother  Dcnjnmiii'H  daughter,  Kelwccn  War- 
ren, married  William  Bradford  in  1079. 

WAllUEN,  Pi;ti;h,  Sir,  commodore,  long 
employed  on  the  coast  of  America,  died  in  Eng- 
bnd  in  1752.  Ho  cooperated  with  I'epperrcll  in 
the  capture  of  Louisburg.  His  wife  was  Susan, 
daughter  of  J.  Dclancy  of  New  York.  He  pur- 
chased lands  on  the  ■  Mohawk,  and  invited  his 
nephew,  Williom  Johnson,  to  take  charge  of 
them.  —  Parsons'  Life  of  Pepperrell. 

WiUlREN,  Joseph,   a  mnjor-generol  in  the 
American  army,  was  killed  at  Bunker's  Hill  Juno 
17,  1776,  aged  33.    Ho  was  descended  from  an 
ancestor  who  was  an  early  settler  of  Boston. 
His  mother's  name  was  Stevens,  whose  sister  Su- 
sanna married  John  Sumner.    His  father,  Joseph, 
a  farmer  in  lloxbury,  Mass.,  was  killed  in  1755, 
08  he  was  gathering  apples,  by  falling  from  the 
ladder :  ho  was  a  worthy,  respected  man,  an  ex- 
emplary Christian.    He  was  born  at  lloxbury  in 
1740,  and  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
1759.    Having  studied  under  Dr.  Lloyd,  he  in  a 
few  years  became  one  of  the  most  eminent  physi- 
cians in  Boston.    But  he  lived  at  a  period  when 
greater  objects  claimed  his  attention  than  those 
wliich  related  particularly  to  his  profession.     Ho 
was  a  bold  politician.    While  many  were  waver- 
ing with  regard  to  the  measures  which  should  bo 
adopted,  he  contended  that  every  kind  of  taxa- 
tion, whether  external  or  internal,  was  tyranny, 
and  ought  immediately  to  be  resisted;  and  he 
believed  that  America  was  able  to  withstand  any 
force  that  could  be  sent  against  her.    From  the 
year  1768  he  was  a  principal  member  of  a  secret 
meeting  or  caucus  in  Boston,  which  had  great 
influence  on  the  concerns  of  the  country.     In 
this  assembly  the  plans  of  defence  were  matured. 
After  the  destruction  of  the  tea,  it  was  no  longer 
lept  secret.    He  was  twice  chosen  the  public 


I.exiii^fton,  to  warn  llum  of  their  duiixer.     Ilo 
iiiniHelf,  on  the  next  day,  the  ni<  inoralile  IDthof 
April,  wad  very  neti\e.     After  the  departure  of 
llanemk  to  rongresi,  he  was  ehoveii  pre^<ident  of 
the  provincial  eongrehii  in  \\\n  place.     Four  dayi 
previoUH  to  the  buttle  of  llunker'n  or  llreed'n  Mill 
lie    received    liiN  coinniiHhioii  of  nuijor-gcneral, 
Wlien   the  iiitrenchnientM  were  made  ii|M)n  the 
fatal  Hpof,  to  encourage  the  men  within  the  lines, 
he  went  down  from   Camliridge  and  joined  them 
aM  a  volunteer  on   the  eventful  day  <if  tlie   battle, 
Juno  17.     Just  w  the  retreat  commenced,  a  bull 
.struck   him  on   the   head,  and   he  died    in  the 
treiieheR.     He  was  the  llrKt  victim  of  rank  that 
fell  in  the  struggle  with  Great  Britain.     In  the 
Njiring  of  1770  his  Iioiick  were  taken  uj)  and  en- 
tombed in  Boston.    Cot.greNH  made  jirovision  for 
the  education  of  his  four  children.    With  warm 
/.eal  he  won  yet  judicious  in  council,  and  candid 
and  generous  towards  those  who  had  dillereiit 
Hentimentu  rcpccting  the  coi.troversy.     His  mind 
was  vigorous,  his  dispohition  humane,  and    his 
manners  affable  and  engaging.     In  his  integrity 
and  patriotism  entire  confidence  was  ])laced.     To 
the  most  undaunted  bravery  he  added  the  vir- 
tues of  domestic  life,  the  eloquence  of  an  accom- 
lilished  orator,  and  the  wisdom  of  an  able  states- 
man.    He  published  orations  in   1772  and  in 
1775,  commemorative  of  the  5th  of  Morch,  1770. 
WAIUIEN,  James,  a  patriot  of  the  Revolution, 
died  nt  Plymouth  Nov.  17,  1S08,  aged  82.     He 
was  descended  from  Richard  W.,  one  of  the  first 
settlers  of  Plymouth  in  1020,  and  was  born  in 
the  year  1720.    He  was  graduated  at  Harvard 
college  in  1745.    Directing  his  attention  to  com- 
morcia'  affairs,  he  was  for  mony  years  a  resjiecta- 
ble  merchant.    About  the  year  1757  his  father 
died  and  left  him  a  handsome  patrimonial  estate, 
which  had  descended  from  liichard  W.    He  was 
at  this  time  appointed  a  high  sheriff,  as  successor 
of  his  father,  and  he  retained  this  office  till  the 
commencement  of  the  war,  notwithstanding  the 
active  part  which  he  took  in  opposing  the  meas- 
ures of  the  British  ministry.     In  May,  1700,  he 
was  chosen  a  member  of  the  general  court  from 
Plymouth,  and  he  uniformly  supported  the  rights 
of  his  country.    The  governmisnt,  who  knew  his 
abilities  and  feared  his  opposition,  tried  the  influ- 
ence of  promises  and  threats  upon  him ;  but  his 
integrity  was  not  to  be  corrupted.    In  1773  his 
proposal  for  estabUshing  committees  of  corrcsi)on- 
donce  was  generally  adopted.    He  was  for  many 
years  speaker  of  the  house  of  representatives. 


822 


WARREN. 


WARIIEX. 


Preferring  an  active  station,  in  whicli  lie  could 
serve  his  coinitry,  he  refused  the  oflice  of  lieuten- 
ant-governor, and  that  of  judge  of  the  sii))rcme 
court,  hut  accepted  ii  seat  at  the  navy  hoard,  the 
duties  of  which  were  very  arduous.  At  the 
close  of  the  war  he  retired  from  jiuhlic  enijiloj- 
mcnt.s  to  enjoy  domestic  ease  and  leisure.  Amidst 
puhlic  cares,  which  demanded  his  ahilities  and 
much  occu])ied  him,  he  never  neglected  the 
more  hiimlile  duties  of  domestic  life,  or  the  more 
exalted  claims  of  religion. 

WAllREN,  Mkucy,  an  historian,  wife  of  the 
preceding,  the  daughter  of  James  Otis  of  Barn- 
stable, was  hor.'i  in  1727,  and  died  at  Plymouth 
in  Oct.,  1814,  aged  87.  Before  the  Revolution 
she  wrote  some  political  pieces.  She  published 
poems,  drii'.iiatic  and  miscellaneous,  1790  ;  a  his- 
tory of  the  American  Revolution,  3  vols.  8vo.,  1805. 
—  C'l/cl.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

"WARREN,  John,  M.  D.,  a  physician,  died  in 
Boston  April  4,  1815,  aged  01.  He  was  brother 
of  Gen.  Joseph  "W.;  was  born  in  Roxbury  July 
27,  1753 ;  and  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
1771.  Being  settled  in  the  practice  of  physic  at 
Salem,  he  marched  as  surgeon  to  the  scene  of 
battle  at  Lexington.  lie  was  soon  appointed 
hos])ital  surgeon  ;  other  Massachusetts  surgeons 
in  the  war  were  Foster,  Eustis,  Adams,  Townsend, 
Hart,  Fiske,  and  Bartlett.  In  1772  he  followed 
the  army  to  Long  Island  and  New  Jersey.  In 
1777  he  was  intrusted  with  the  military  hospitals 
of  Boston,  in  which  post  he  remained  during 
the  war.  In  1780  he  gave  a  course  of  dissections  ; 
and  in  1783  he  was  appointed  a  professor  of 
anatomy  and  surgery  in  the  medical  school  of 
Cambridge.  In  179(5  he  indoised  the  notes  of  a 
medical  friend,  who  had  purchased  lands  in 
Maine,  and  in  consequence  of  his  failure  was 
obliged  to  pay  for  and  receive  the  lands,  which 
caused  him  immense  vexation  and  great  loss  of 
property.  For  years  he  was  subject  to  an  or- 
ganic disease  of  the  heart,  but  he  died  of  an  inflam- 
mation of  the  lungs.  His  wife  was  a  daughter  of 
Gov.  Collins ;  his  son,  Dr.  John  Collins  W.,  suc- 
ceeded him  as  professor  of  anatomy  and  surgery. 
He  was  the  most  eminent  man  in  New  England, 
unless  L)r.  Nathan  Smith  might  be  considered  as 
equally  skilful.  As  an  eloquent  anatomical  lec- 
turer he  was  uusquallud.  For  industry  and 
temperance  he  was  remarkable.  Firmly  believing 
the  Christian  religion,  he  was  not  regardless  of 
its  duties.  He  attended  on  the  Sabbath  public 
■worship,  and  was  careful  to  instruct  his  family  in 
rt-ligious  worship.  He  had  himself  been  instruct- 
ed by  a  pious  mother.  At  times  he  was  subject 
to  great  depression  of  spirits,  the  consequence  of 
afflictions  ;  so  that  he  lost  the  wish  to  live  to  old 
age.  He  was  liberal,  generous,  charitable  in  pri- 
■"ate  life,  an'l  a  disinterested,  enlightened  friend 


of  his  country,     lie  delivered  various  public  ora- 
tions and  a<l(Ires<ios. —  'rinniur  ii.  ','51-271. 

WARliEX,  I'.DWAKli,  a  nli^^i()l1lu•y  to  Ceylon, 
was  born  in  178G;  graduated  at  Midilk'lmry 
college  in  18.)^: ;  and  studied  thcol  )gy  at  Andovcr. 
He  sailed  for  Ceylon  in  Oct.,  1S12.  Alter  a  resi- 
dence of  some  years,  fulling  into  consuniplion, 
ho  for  his  health  sailed  with  Mr.  Ricliards  in 
April  for  Caj)e  Town,  where  he  died  .\ug.  11,  ISIS, 
af,ed  32.  Archdeacon  Twistleton  f^aid  of  him 
and  Mr.  R.,"  Men  of  more  amiable  manners  and 
purer  lives  I  never  saw." 

WARREN,  Moses,  minister  in  Wilbraham, 
Mass.,  died  in  1831,  aged  about  08.  Born  in 
Upton,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1784,  and  was 
pastor  of  the  south  jiarish  from  1788  to  1829. 

"WARREN,  Isaac,  died  in  Charlostown  March 
19,  1834,  aged  70.  He  liberally  endowed  War- 
ren academy  in  Woburn,  and  was  a  benefactor  of 
Middlebury  college. 

WARREN,  Samuel,  colonel,  died  in  Pendle- 
ton, S.  C,  in  1841,  aged  80.  He  was  a  Revolu- 
tionary officer,  and  a  legislator,  a  man  of  a  high 
character. 

WARREN,  Deliverance,  Mrs.,  died  in  Read- 
field,  N.  Y.,  in  Jan.,  1843,  aged  104  years  and 
8  months.  She  had  been  a  member  of  the  Bap- 
tist church  more  than  80  years. 

WARREN,  Mauy,  Mrs.,  died  in  1851,  aged 
108. 

WARREN,  Silas,  a  useful  teacher,  died  in 
Jackson,  Me.,  Jan.  7,  1850,  aged  88.  Born  in 
Weston,  he  graduated  in  1795,  and  from  1812 
was  ten  years  the  minister  of  Jackson.  The  re- 
mainder of  his  life  he  spent  on  a  farm  and  in 
teaching.  —  Boston  Adv.,  i\\\y  10,  1850. 

WARREN,  John  Collins,  M.  1).,  died  in 
Boston  May  4,  1850,  aged  77,  the  son  of  Dr.  John 
W.,  and  a  graduate  of  1797.  His  mother  was 
the  daughter  of  Gov.  Collins  of  R.  I.  After 
studying  physic  he  spent  several  years  in  the 
hospitals  of  London  and  Paris.  He  was  the 
eminent  professor  of  anatomy  and  surgery  at 
Cambridge  nearly  forty  years  ;  and  president  of 
the  Boston  society  of  natural  history,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  many  learned  societies.  He  and  his  friend 
Dr.  James  Jackson  originated  the  general  hos- 
pital and  McLean  asylum.  Six  children  survived 
him,  by  his  first  wife,  Susan,  a  daughter  of  Jona- 
than Mason  j  his  second  wife,  Anna,  daugh- 
ter of  T.  L.  Winthroj),  died  in  1850.  The  remains 
of  his  uncle.  Gen.  Warren,  he  ])laccd  in  a  stone 
urn,  in  whose  skull  was  visible  the  hole  made  by 
the  fatal  '^all.  He  published  a  book  on  the  fam- 
ily of  the  De  Warrens,  etc.,  at  the  expense  of  4,(i00 
or  5,000  dollars  ;  but  unluckily,  as  Mr.  Savage 
remarked,  he  did  not  prove  the  connection  with 
the  English  family.  He  published  a  work  on 
the  mastodon  of  this  country  and  the  geneal- 


W.UUllNGTON. 

ogj'  of  Wnrrcn,  1854  ;  and  also  contrilnitcd  many 
papers  tothe  Mass.  nied.  society. —  Huston  Adver- 
tiser, Julv  10,  IHo(5. 

WAUl'UNGTON,  Lkwis,  a  captain  in  the 
navy,  died  at  Wasliini^ton  in  IS,")1,  ajred  (is.  He 
wa.s  a  native  of  A\  illiamshurf,'.  \'a.,  educated  at 
AVilllani  and  Mary  college ;  ami  li-  entered  tlie 
navy  in  Jan.,  1800,  and  was  dist  ■■  lisiied  in  tlie 
warwith  Tripoli,  and  with  Eii^jland  in  181'.'.  lie 
was  amiable,  and  of  u  modesty  wliich  won  esteem. 

WASHBURN',  Skth,  colonel,  died  at  Leicester, 
^la^s.,  in  1793,  aged  70;  one  of  the  founders  of 
theat.idcmy.  He  fought  at  IJunkcr  Hill.  Among 
his  sons  were,  it  is  believed.  Judges  lleuhen  of 
Vermont  and  Ebenczer  of  Alabama,  and  Gov.  Iv 
AVashburn  of  Worcester. 

WASHBURN,  JosEi'ii,  minister  of  Farming- 
ton,  Conn.,  was  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1703, 
and  was  ordained  in  179i5.  His  declining  health 
induced  him  in  1805  to  seek  a  more  southern 
climate.  While  on  his  passage  with  his  wife 
from  Norfolk  to  Charleston,  he  died  L)ec.  25,  and 
his  body  was  deposited  in  the  ocean.  His  suc- 
cessor was  Noah  Porter.  He  was  one  of  the 
editors  of  the  Connecticut  evang.  magazine.  A 
volume  of  his  sermons  was  published  after  his 
death,  in  12mo. 

WASHINGTON,  George,  commander-in-chief 
of  the  American  army  during  the  war  with  Great 
Britain,  and  first  president  of  the  United  States, 
died  at  Mount  Vernon,  Va.,  Dec.  14,  1799,  aged 
67.  He  was  the  third  son  of  Augustine  Washing- 
ton, and  was  born  at  Bridges  creek,  in  the  county  of 
Westmoreland,  Va.,  Feb.  22,  1732.  His  great 
grandfather  had  emigrated  to  that  place  from 
Sulgrave,  Northamptonshire,  the  north  of  Eng- 
land, about  the  year  1G57.  At  the  age  of  ten 
years  he  lost  his  father,  and  the  patrimonial 
estate  descended  to  his  elder  brother,  Lawrence 
Washington,  who  in  the  year  1740  had  been  en- 
engaged  in  the  expedition  against  Carthag^na. 
In  honor  of  the  British  admiral,  who  command- 
ed the  fleet  employed  in  that  enterprise,  the 
estate  was  called  Mount  Vernon.  At  the  age 
of  15,  agreeably  to  the  wishes  of  his  brother,  as 
well  as  to  his  own  urgent  request  to  enter  into 
the  British  navy,  the  place  of  midshipman  in  a 
vessel  of  war,  then  stationed  on  the  coast  of  Vir- 
ginia, was  obtained  for  him.  Every  thing  was  in 
readiness  for  his  departure,  when  the  I'ears  of  a 
timid  and  affectionate  mother  prevailed  upon 
him  to  abandon  his  proposed  career  on  the  ocean, 
and  were  the  means  of  r"taining  him  u])on  the  land 
to  be  the  future  vindicator  of  his  country's  rights. 
This  mother  had  not  ceased,  since  the  death  of 
her  husband,  to  gather  her  little  flock  of  chil- 
dren round  her  daily,  and  to  read  to  them  lessons 
of  wisdom,  usually  from  Sir  Matthew  Hole's 
contemplations, —  the  excellent  maxims  of  which 
Rank    into  George's   mind.    This   book   of    his 


WASHINGTON. 


823 


mother  he  ever  preserved  with  care.    Ail  the 
advantages  .)f  educaliim,  which  he  enjoyed,  were 
deri\ed  from  a  private  tutor,  who  instruc'ed    liim 
in  r.nglish   literature  and  tin-  general    jjrincipl.s 
of  science,   as  well  as  in   morality  and   religion. 
Alter  his  disajipointnuMit  witii  regard  to  entrring 
the  navy,  he   devoted   mucli  of  his  time   to   the 
study  of  the  mathematics;  and  in    the    practice 
of  his  j)rofessioii  as  a  surveyor,  he  had  an  oppor- 
tunity  of  acfjuiring   tli.it  information    respecting 
the  valneof  vacant  lands,  wliich  afterwards  greatly 
contributed   to  the   increase  of  his   |)rivate   t'ur- 
tune.     At  the  age  of    19,  when   the  militia   of 
Virginia  were  to  be   trained  for  actual  service,  ho 
was  aiijjoiuted  adjutant-general  with  the  rank  of 
m.ajor.      It  was  for  a  very  short  time  that   he 
discharged  the  duties  of  this  ollict.     In  the   year 
1753  the  ])lan  formed  by  I'ran^-e,  for  connecting 
Canada  with  Louisiana  by    a    line  of  posts,  and 
thus  of  inclosing  the  British  colonies,  and  of  es- 
tablishing her  inlluence  over  the  numerous  tribes 
of  Indians  on  the  frontiers,  began  to  be  develo|)cd. 
In  the  prosecution  of  'his  desigTi  |)ossession  had 
been  taken  of  a  tract  of  land  then   believed   to 
be  within  the  jirovince  of  Virginia.     .Mr.  Dinwid- 
dle, the  lieutenant-governor,  l)eing  determined  t:) 
remonstrate  against  the  supjiosed  encroachment 
and  violation  of  the  treaties  between   the  two 
countries,  dispatched  Major  Washington  through 
the  wilderness  to  the  Ohio,  to  deliver  a  letter  to 
the  commanding  ofKcer  of  the  French,  and  also 
to   explore  the   country.     This  trust    of  danger 
and  fatigue  he  executed  with  great  ability.     He 
left  Williamsburg  ( Jet.  31,  1753,  —  the  very  day  on 
which  he  received  his  commission,  —  and  at  the 
frontier  settlement  of  the  English  engaged  guides 
to  conduct    him  over  the  Allegiiany  mounlains. 
After  passing  them,    he  pursued  his  route  to  the 
Monongahela,  examining  the  country  with  a  mil- 
itary eu',  and  raking  the  most  judicious  means  for 
securing  the   friendshi})  of  the  Indian^.     He  se- 
lected the  forks  of  the   Monongahela  and  Alle- 
ghany  rivers,  a9  a    position  which   ought   to  be 
immediately   possessed   and   fortified.      At   tiiis 
place  the  French  very  soon  erected  fori  du  (iuesiie, 
which  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  English  in  1758 
and  was  called  by  them  fort  I'itt.    I'ursuing  his 
way  up  the  Alleghany  to  French  creek,  he  found 
at  a    fort   upon    this   stream    the  comtnaiiding 
officer,  to  whom  he  delivered  the  letter  from  Air. 
Dinwiddle.     On  his  return  he  encountered  great 
difficulties  and  dangers.     As  the  snow  was  deep 
and  the  horses  weak  from  fatigue,  he  left  his  at- 
tendants at  the  mouth  of  French  creek,  and  set 
out  on  foot,  with  his  papers  and  provisions  in  his 
pack,  acconijianied  only  l)y  his  pilot,  Mr.  Gist. 
At  a  place  upon  the  Alleghany,  .ailed  the  Mur- 
dering town,  they   fell  in  with  a  hostile  India'.i, 
who  was  one  of  a  j)arty  then  l\ing  in  wait,   and 
who  fired  ujion  them  not  ten  stejis  distant.     They 


824 


WASHINGTON. 


took  him  into  cufitody  and  kept  him  until  nine 
o'clock,  and  then  let  him  go.  To  avoid  the  pur- 
suit which  they  presumed  would  be  commenced 
in  the  morning,  they  travelled  all  night.  On 
reaching  the  Monongahcla  they  had  a  hard  day's 
work  to  make  a  raft  with  a  hatchet.  In  attempt- 
ing to  cross  the  river  to  reach  a  trader's  house, 
they  were  inclosed  by  masses  of  ice.  In  order  to 
stop  the  raft,  Major  Washington  put  down  his  set- 
ting pole ;  but  the  ice  came  with  such  force  against 
it  as  to  jerk  it  into  the  water.  He  saved  himself 
by  seizing  one  of  the  raft  logs.  With  difficulty 
they  landed  on  an  island,  where  they  passed  the 
night.  The  cold  was  so  severe  that  the  pilot's 
hands  and  feet  were  frozen.  The  next  day  they 
crossed  the  river  upon  the  ice.  AVashington 
arrived  at  Williamsburg  Jan.  16,  1754.  His  jour- 
nal, which  evinces  the  solidity  of  his  judgment 
and  his  fortitude,  was  published. 

As  the  French  iieemed  disposed  to  remain 
upon  the  Ohio,  it  was  determined  to  raise  a  regi- 
ment of  three  hundred  men  to  maintain  the  claims 
of  the  British  crown.  Tiie  command  was  given 
to  Mr.  Fry,  and  Major  Washington,  who  was  ap- 
pointed lieutenant-colonel,  marched  with  two 
companies  early  in  April,  1754,  in  advance  of  the 
other  trooj)s.  A  few  miles  west  of  the  Great 
Meadows  he  surprised  a  French  encampment,  in 
a  dark,  rainy  night,  and  only  one  man  escaped. 
Before  the  arrival  of  the  two  remaining  companies 
Mr.  Fry  died,  and  the  command  devolved  on 
Colonel  Washington.  Being  joined  by  two  other 
comi)anies  of  regular  troops  from  South  Carolina 
and  New  York,  after  jrecting  a  small  stockade 
at  the  Great  Meadows,  he  proceeded  towardti 
fort  du  Quosno,  which  had  been  built  but  a  short 
time,  M'ith  the  intention  of  dislodging  the  French. 
He  had  marched  only  thirteen  miles  to  the  west- 
ernmost foot  of  the  Laurel  hill,  before  he  received 
information  of  tlie  approach  of  tiie  enemy  with 
8Uj)crior  numbers,  and  was  induced  to  return  to 
his  stockade.  He  began  a  ditch  around  it,  and 
called  it  fort  Necessity ;  but  the  next  day,  July 
the  3d,  he  was  attacked  by  1500  men.  His 
own  troops  were  about  400  in  number.  The  ac- 
tion commenced  at  ten  in  the  morning  and  lasted 
until  dark.  A  part  of  the  Americans  fought 
within  the  fort  and  a  part  in  the  ditch  filled  mth 
mud  and  water.  Colonel  Washington  was  him- 
self on  the  outside  of  the  fort  during  the  whole 
day.  The  enemy  fought  under  cover  of  trees  ,ind 
high  grass.  In  the  course  of  the  night  articles  of 
ca])itulation  were  agreed  ujjon.  The  garrison 
wore  allowed  to  retain  their  arms  and  baggage, 
and  to  march  unmolestcid  to  the  inhabited  ]jarts 
of  Virginia.  The  loss  (>(  the  Americans  in  killed 
and  wounded  was  sujjposed  to  be  about  100,  and 
that  of  the  enemy  about  200.  In  a  few  months 
afterwards  orders  wore  received  for  settling  the 
rank  of  tl>e  officers,  and  those  wiiv  were  commis- 


WASniNOTON. 

sioned  by  the  king  being  directed  to  take  rank  of 
the  provincial  officers,  Col.  Washington  indig- 
nantly resigned  his  commission.  He  now  ro- 
tircd  to  Mount  Vernon,  that  estate  by  the  death 
of  his  brother  having  devolved  upon  him.  But 
in  the  spring  of  1755  he  accepted  an  invitation 
from  Gen.  Braddock  to  enter  his  family  as  -  vol- 
unteer aid-de-camp  m  his  expedition  to  the  Ohio. 
lie  proceeded  with  him  to  Wills'  creek,  after- 
wards called  fort  Cumberland,  in  April.  After 
the  troops  had  marched  a  few  miles  from  this 
place,  he  was  seized  with  a  raging  fever ;  but,  re- 
fusing to  remain  behind,  he  was  conveyed  in  a 
covered  wagon.  By  his  advice,  twelve  hundred 
men  were  detatched  in  order  by  a  rapid  move- 
ment to  reach  fort  du  Quesne  before  an  expected 
reinforcement  should  be  received  at  that  place. 
These  disencumbered  troops  were  commanded  by 
Braddock  himself,  and  Col.  Washington,  though 
still  extremely  ill,  insisted  upon  proceeding  with 
them.  After  they  arrived  upon  the  Mononga- 
hcla he  advised  the  general  to  employ  the  rang- 
ing companies  of  Virginia  to  scour  the  woods  and 
to  prevent  ambuscades;  but  his  advice  was  not 
followed.  July  9,  when  the  army  was  within 
seven  miles  of  fort  du  Quesne,  the  enemy  com- 
menced a  sudden  and  furious  attack,  being  con- 
cealed by  the  wood  and  high  grass.  In  a  sHo-t 
time  Col.  Washington  was  the  only  aid  who  was 
unwounded,  and  on  him  devolved  the  whole  duty 
of  carrying  the  orders  of  the  commander-in-chief. 
He  was  cool  and  fearless.  Though  he  had  two 
horses  killed  under  him,  and  four  balls  through 
his  coat,  he  escaped  unhuri:,  while  every  other 
officer  on  horseback  was  either  killed  or  wounded. 
Dr.  Craik,  the  physician,  who  attended  him  in  his 
last  sickness, was  present  in  this  battle, and  says: 
"  I  expected  every  moment  to  see  him  fall.  Noth- 
ing but  the  superintending  care  of  Providence 
could  have  saved  him  from  the  fate  of  all  around 
him."  After  an  action  of  three  hours  the  troops 
gave  way  in  all  directions,  and  Col.  Washington 
and  two  others  brought  off  Braddock,  who  iiad 
been  mortally  wounded.  He  attempted  to  rally 
the  retreating  troops;  but,  as  he  says  himself,  it 
was  like  endeavoring  "  to  stop  the  wild  bears  of 
the  mountains."  The  conduct  of  the  regular 
troops  was  most  cowardly.  The  enemy  were 
few  in  number  and  had  no  expectation  of  victory. 
In  a  sermon  occasioned  by  this  expedition,  Sam- 
uel Davies  of  Hanover  county  thus  prophetically 
expressed  himself:  "As  a  remarkable  instance  of 
patriotism,  I  may  point  out  to  the  public  that 
heroic  youth.  Col.  Washington,  whom  I  cannot 
but  hope  Providence  has  hitherto  preserved  in  so 
fignal  a  manner  for  some  important  service  to 
his  counti^."  For  this  purpose  he  was  indeed 
preserved,  and  at  the  end  of  twenty  years  he 
began  to  render  to  his  country  more  important 
services  than  the  minister  of  Jesi  s  muld  have 


ti 
ci 


WASHINGTON. 


WASllINGTOX. 


826 


anticipated.  From  175d  to  1758  he  commanded  j  riplo  of  tnxntion  asserted  liy  tiie  British  parlia- 
a  re)(inicnt  wliich  wa8  raised  for  the  protection  of  -  meiil.  He  also  acted  as  a  judge  of  a  county 
the  frontiers,  and  during  this  period  he  was  inces-  ;  court.  In  177  t  he  was  elected  a  mcml)er  of  A\e 
santiy  occunicd  in  efforts  to  sliicld  llie  exposed  first  congress,  and  was  placed  on  all  tiioscrom- 
Bctllementif  from  the  incursions  of  the  savages,  i  niittees  whose  duly  it  was  to  make  arrangements 
Ilis  exertions  were  in  a  great  degree  ineffectual,  in  for  defence.  Ii\  the  following  year.  afl«r  the  hat- 
consequence  of  the  errors  and  the  pride  of  gov-   tie  of  Lexington,  wIrmi  it   was  ilctermiiicd  hy 


ernment,  and  of  the  impossihility  of  guarding 
with  a  few  troops  an  extended  territory  from  an 
enemy  which  was  averse  too])en  warfare.  He  in 
the  most  earnest  maimer  recommended  offensive 
measures  as  the  only  method  of  giving  complete 
protection  to  the  scattered  settlements.  In  the 
year  1758,  to  his  great  joy,  it  was  determined  to 
undertake  another  expedition  against  fort  du 
Quesn*,  and  he  engaged  in  it  with  zeal.  F.arly 
in  July  the  troops  were  assemhled  at  fort  Cum- 
berland ;  and  here,  against  all  tlie  remonstrances 


congress  to  resort  to  arms,  Col.  Washington  was 
imaniinously  elected  commander-in-chief  of  the 
army  of  the  united  colonies.  .Ml  were  satisfied 
as  to  his  (jiialifieations,  and  the  delegates  from 
New  Kngland  were  particularly  jileased  with  his 
election,  as  it  would  tend  to  unite  the  SDUthern 
colonies  cordially  in  the  war.  He  accejited  the 
appointment  with  diffidence,  and  expressed  his 
intention  of  receiving  no  eoniiiensatiou  for  his  ser- 
vices, atul  oidy  a  mere  discharge  of  his  ('Xp''nse8. 
He  immediately  repaired  to  Caml)ri(lg>'  in   the 


and  arguments  of  Col.  Washington,  Gen.  Forbes  neighborhood  of  Boston,  where  he  arrived  on  the 
resolved  to  open  a  new  road  '.o  the  Oliio  instead  2d  of  July.  He  formed  the  army  int(j  three 
of  taking  the  old  route.     Such  was  the  predicted    divisions,  in  order  the  mon  effectually  to  inclose 


delay,  occasioned  by  this  measure,  that  in  Novem 
her  it  was  resolved  not  to  proceed  further  during 
that  campaign.  Hut  intelligence  of  the  weakness 
of  the  garrison  induced  an  alteration  of  the  plan 
of  passing  the  winter  in  the  wilderness.  15y  slow 
marches  the  army  was  enabled,  on  the  25lli  of 
Nov.,  to  reach  fort  du  Quesne,  of  which  peacea- 
ble possession  was  taken,  as  the  enemy  on  the 
preceding  nig}it,.after  setting  it  on  fire,  had  aban- 
doned it,  and  proceeded  down  the  Ohio.  The 
works  in  this  j)lace  were  repaired,  and  its  name 
was  changed  to  that  of  fort  Pitt.  The  success  of 
the  expedition  was  to  be  attributed  to  the  British 
fleet,  which  intercepted  reinforcements  destined 
for  Canada,  and  to  events  in  the  northern  colo- 
nies. The  great  object  which  he  !iad  been  anx- 
ious to  effect  being  now  accompi\i;hed,  and  his 
health  i»eing  ei.fe«l)led.  Col.  Washington  resigned 
his  commission  as  commander-in-clm  •  "f  all  the 
troops  raised  in  Virginia 


the  enemy,  intrusting  the  division  at  Iloxbury  to 
Gen.  Ward,  the  division  on  Prosjioct  and  Winter 
hills  to  Gen.  Lee,  and  eonimanding  himself  the 
centre  at  Cambridge.  Here  he  had  to  struggle 
with  greox  ditHculties,  with  the  want  of  ammuni- 
tion, clothing,  and  magazines,  delect  of  arms  and 
discipline,  and  the  evils  of  short  enlistments ;  but 
instead  of  yielding  to  despondence  he  bent  the 
whole  force  of  his  mind  to  overcome  them.  He 
soon  made  the  alarming  discovery  that  there  was 
only  sufficient  powder  on  hand  to  furiiish  the  army 
with  nine  catridges  for  each  man.  \\'ith  the 
greatest  caution  to  keep  this  fact  a  secret,  the 
utmost  exertions  wer»-  Employed  to  j)rocure  a 
sup])ly.  A  vessel,  wnich  was  disjjatehed  to 
Africa,  obtained  in  exctiange  for  New  England 
rum  all  the  gu'i powder  ;.  the  Bntish  factories; 
and  in  the  Legianing  of  vinter  Capt.  Manly  cap- 
tured an  ordnance  brig,  which  furnished  the 
American  army  with  the  precise  arlicks  of  which 


Soon  afler  his  resignation  he  was  married  to    it  was  in  the  greatest  want.     In  Septemiier,  Gen. 
Martha,  the  widow  of  Mr.  Custis,  a  young  lady  ,  Washington  dispatclietl  .\rnold  on  an  expedition 


to  whom  he  had  been  for  some  time  strongly 
attached,  and  who  to  a  large  fortune  and  a  fine 
person  added    those  amim;  :    uccompli.shments 


against  Quebec.  In  lebruary,  1770,  he  jiroposed 
to  a  council  of  h's  oincers  to  cross  the  ice  and  attack 
the  enemy  in  Boston,  but  they  unanimously  dis- 


which  fill  with  silent  felicity  the  scents  of  domes-  1  approved  of  the  dsiring  mccsure.  It  was,  how- 
tic  life.  His  attention  for  several  vears  was  prin- 1  ever,  soon  resolved  to  talie  possession  of  the 
cipally  duected  to  the  management  of  his  estate,  \  heiglits  of  Dorchester.  This  w  as  done  withoat 
which  had  now  become  cr.nsiderable.  He  had  |  discovery  on  1  he  night  of  tl-  -  4tli  of  JIareh, 
nine  thousand  acre*  unde\  l\i«  own  management.  ]  ur.d  on  the  17th  the  enemy!  and  il  necessary 
So  great  a  part  was  eul*ivated,  that  in  one  year  .o  evacuate  the  town.  The  recovery  of  Boston 
he  raised  seven  thouscnd  bushels  of  wheat  and  |  induced  congress   to  pass  a  vote  of  thanks   to 


ten  thousand  of  Indian  corn.  His  slaves  and 
jther  ])ersoni(  employed  by  i'im  amounted  to 
«ear  a  thousand;  SMrvd  the  woollen  and  linen 
cloth  i.doessary  for  t^liei/  mc  was  chiefly  manufac- 
tured on  the  estate.  He  ww  at  this  period  a 
meml)er  of  the  legislature  of  Virginia,  in  which 
he  'ook  a  decided  part  iu  opposition  to  the  prin- 
104 


Gen.  Washington  and  his  brave  army. 

In  the  belief  that  the  efl'orls  of  thv  British 
would  be  directed  towards  the  Hudson,  he  has- 
tened the  nrmy  to  New  York,  where  he  himself 
arrived  April  i4tli.  He  made  every  exertion  to 
fortify  the  city,  and  attenli-in  was  paid  to  the  ibrt.H 
in  the  highlands.     While  he  met  the  most  em- 


826 


WASHINGTON. 


WASHINGTON. 


barraKfiing  difficulties,  n  plan  wiis  formed  to  mmhI 
the  enemy  in  seiziiip  hh  person,  and  some  of  his 
own  guards  engaged  in  the  consijirncy ;  but  it 
was  discovered,  and  some  who  were  concerned  in 
it  were  executed.  In  the  beginning  of  July, 
Howe  landed  his  troops  at  Statcn  Island.  His 
brother,  Lord  Howe,  who  commanded  the  fleet, 
soon  arrived ;  and  as  both  were  commissioners 
for  restoring  peace  to  the  colonies,  the  latter 
addressed  a  letter  upon  the  subject  to  "George 
Washington,  Esquire  ;  "  but  the  general  refused 
to  receive  it,  as  it  did  not  acknowledge  the  public 
character  with  which  he  was  invested  by  con- 
gress, in  which  character  only  he  could  have  any 
intercourse  with  his  lordship.  Auother  letter 
was  sent  to  "  George  Washington,  8:c.  &c.  &c." 
This  for  the  same  reason  was  rejected.  After  the 
disastrous  battle  of  Brooklyn  on  the  27  th  of 
/.ugust,  in  which  Stirling  and  Sullivan  were  taken 
prisoners,  and  of  which  he  was  only  a  spectator, 
he  withdrew  the  troops  from  Long  Island,  and  in 
a  few  days  he  resolved  to  withdraw  from  New 
York.  At  Kipp's  bay,  about  three  miles  from  the 
city,  some  works  had  been  thrown  up  to  oppose 
the  enemy  j  but  on  their  approach  the  American 
troops  fled  with  proc:\)itation.  Washington  rode 
towards  the  lines,  and  made  every  exertion  to  pre- 
vent the  disgraceful  flight.  He  drew  his  sword, 
and  threatened  to  run  the  cowards  through ;  he 
cocked  and  snapped  his  pistol,  but  it  was  all  in 
vain.  Such  was  the  state  of  his  mind  at  tlie  mo- 
ment, that  he  turned  his  horse  towards  the  ad- 
vancing enemy,  apparently  with  the  intention  of 
rushing  u])on  death.  His  aids  now  seized  the 
bridle  of  his  horse  and  rescued  him  from  destruc- 
tion. New  York  was  on  the  same  day,  Sept.  15, 
evacuated.  InO'^iober  he  retreated  to  the  White 
Plains,  where,  Oct.  28,  a  considerable  action  took 
place,  in  wnich  the  Americans  were  overpowered. 
After  the  loss  of  forts  Washingto'i  nd  Lee,  he 
passed  into  New  Jersey  in  Novembei,  and  was 
pursued  by  a  triumphant  and  numerous  enemy. 
His  army  did  not  amount  to  three  thousand,  and 
it  was  daily  diminishing ;  his  men,  as  the  winter 
commenced,  were  barefooted  and  almost  naked,, 
destitute  of  tents,  and  of  utensils  with  which  to 
dress  their  scanty  provisions ;  and  every  cirrum- 
Btance  tended  to  fill  the  mind  with  despondence. 
But  Gen.  Washington  was  undismayed  and  firm. 
He  showed  himself  to  his  enfeebled  army  with  a 
serene  and  unembarrassed  countenance,  and  they 
were  inspired  with  the  resolution  of  their  com- 
mander Dec.  8,  he  was  obliged  to  cross  the 
Delaware ;  but  he  had  the  precaution  to  secure 
the  boats  for  seventy  miles  upon  the  rivor. 
While  the  British  were  waiting  for  the  ice  to 
afford  them  a  passage,  as  his  own  army  had  been 
reinforced  by  several  thousand  men,  he  formed 
the  resolution  of  carrying  the  cantonments  of 
the  enemy  by  surprise.     On   the  night  of  Dec. 


25  he  crossed  the  river  nine  miles  above  Trenton, 
in  a  storm  of  snow  mingled  with  hail  and  rain, 
with  about  two  thousand  four  hundred  men. 
Two  other  detachments  were  unable  to  effect  a 
passage.  In  the  morning,  precisefy  at  eight 
o'clock,  he  surprised  Trenton,  and  took  one 
thousand  Hessians  ])nsoncrs,  one  thousand  stanrl 
of  arms,  and  six  field  ])ieccs.  Twenty  of  the 
enemy  were  killed.  Of  the  Americans,  two  pri- 
vates were  killed  and  two  frozen  to  death ;  and 
one  officer  and  three  or  four  privates  were 
wounded.  On  the  same  day  he  rccrosscd  the 
Delaware  with  the  fruits  of  his  enterprise ;  but  in 
tv;o  or  three  days  passed  again  into  New  Jcrsev, 
and  concentrated  his  forces,  amounting  to  five 
thousand,  at  Trenton.  On  the  approach  of  a 
superior  enemy  under  Comwallis,  Jan.  2,  1777,  he 
drew  up  his  men  behind  Assumpinck  creek.  He 
expected  an  attack  in  the  morning,  which  would 
])robably  result  in  a  ruinous  defeat.  At  this  mo- 
ment, when  it  was  hazardous  if  not  im])ractical)le 
to  return  into  Pennsylvania,  he  formed  the  reso- 
lution of  getting  into  the  rear  of  the  enemy,  and 
thus  to  stop  them  in  their  progress  towards  Phil- 
adelphia. In  the  night  he  silently  decamped 
taking  a  circuitous  route  through  Allenstown 
to  Princeton.  A  sudden  change  of  the  weather 
to  severe  cold  rendered  the  roads  favorable  for 
his  march.  About  sunrise  his  van  met  a  British 
detachment  on  its  way  to  join  Cornwallis,  and 
was  defeated  by  it;  but  as  he  came  up  he  exposed 
himself  to  every  danger  and  gained  a  victorv. 
With  three  hundred  prisoners  he  then  entered 
Princeton.  During  this  march  many  of  his  sol- 
diers were  without  shoes,  and  their  feet  left  the 
marks  of  blood  upon  the  frozen  ground.  This 
hardship  and  their  want  of  repose  induced  him 
to  lead  his  army  to  a  place  of  security  on  the  road 
to  Morristown.  Cornwallis  in  the  morning  broke 
up  hiscamp,  and,  alarmed  for  his  stores  in  Bruns- 
wick, urged  the  ))ursuit.  Thus  the  military 
genius  of  the  American  commander,  under  the 
blessing  of  Divine  Providence,  rescued  Philadel- 
phia from  the  threatened  danger,  obliged  the 
enemy,  which  had  ovcvsjiroad  Now  Jersey,  to 
return  to  the  neighborhood  of  New  York,  and 
revived  the  desponding  spirits  of  his  countrv. 
Having  accomplished  these  objects,  he  retired  to 
Morristown,  where  he  caused  his  wht)le  army  to 
be  inoculated  with  the  small  pox,  and  thus  was 
freed  from  the  apprehension  of  a  calamity  which 
might  impede  his  operations  during  the  next  cam- 
paign. 

On  tlie  last  of  May  he  removed  his  army  to 
Middlebrook,  about  ten  miles  from  Brunswick, 
where  ho  fortified  himself  very  strongly.  An  iiiet- 
fectual  attempt  was  made  by  Sir  William  Howe  to 
draw  him  from  his  position,  by  marching  towards 
Philadelphia;  but,  after  Howe's  return  to  New 
York,  he  moved  towards  the  Hudson,  in  order  to 


WASHINGTON, 


827 


WASHINGTON. 

defend  the  pasHec  in  the  mnuntninH,  in  the  ex- 
iK'ctation  that  a  junction  with  lJur);nynf,  wlio 
was  liicn  upon  tlie  liikcs,  would  lie  attcmjjti'd. 
Al'ttr  the  liritiNli  gpn'jral  sailinl  from  Ni'w  S'ork 
and  entered  the  Ciiesaiieako,  in  Aufjust,  Gen. 
AVasliiiigton  marched  immediately  for  tiie  (U>fence 
of   riiiladelphia.     Hept.   11,  he  was  defeated  at 

IJrandywnie,  with  the  loss  of  nine  hundred,  in  j  quarters  in  the  nei^ilihorhood  of  the  highlands 
killed  and  wounded.  A  few  days  afterward,  as  upon  the  Hudson.  Thus,  after  the  vicissitudes  of 
lie  was  pursued,  he  turned  u])on  the  enemy,  ('c  i  two  years,  hotii  armies  were  hroiight  hack  to  the 
termined  upon  another  engagement ;  hut  a  heavy  point  from  which  they  set  out.  Duniig  the  year 
rain  so  damagtd  the  arms  and  ammuniti(m  th?.t  177'J,  Gen.  Washington  remained  in  the  neigh- 
he  was  under  the  absolute  necessity  of  again  re-    l)orhood  of  New  York.     In  .Ian.,  ITSO,  in  a  win- 


his  clpak  on  the  field  of  hattle,  intending  to  renew 
the  attack  tlie  next  morning,  hut  ot  midnight 
the  llrilish  marched  otF  ia  sudi  si!ence  as  not  to 
lie  di.scovercd.  Tluir  loss  in  killed  was  nhout 
three  hundred,  and  that  of  the  .Vmcricans  sixtv- 
nine.  At  the  cam]iaigi\  now  -losed  in  the  mid- 
dle States,  the  A'neriian  army  went  into  winter 


treating.     l'hiladeli)hia  was  enticed  hy  C'ornwai- 
lis  Sept.  26.     Oct.  4,  the  American  commands  :■ 
made  a  well-planned   attack  upon   the   Dritish 
camp  at  Germantown  ;   hut,  in  consequence  of 
the  darkness  of  the  morning,  and  the  imperfect 
discipline  of  his  troops,  it  terminated  in  the  loss 
of  twelve  hundred  men,  in  killed,  wounded,  and 
prisoners.     In  llec.  he  went  into  winter  quarters 
at  Valley  Forge,  on  the  west  side  of  the  Schuyl- 
kill, hctween  twenty  and  thirty  miles  from  I'hila- 
delphia.     Here  his  army  was  in  the  greatest  dis- 
tress for   the  want  of   provisions,  and  he  was 
reduced  to  the  necessity  of  sending  out  parties  to 
seize  what  they  could  find.     Ahout  the  same  time 
a  comhination,  in  which  some  memhers  of  con- 
gress were  engaged,  was  formed  to  I'e.nove  the 
commander-in-chief  and  to  appoint  in  his  place 
Gates,  whose  recent  successes  had  given  him  a 
high  reputation.    But  the  name  of  Washington 
was  too  dear  to  the  great  body  of  Americans  to 
admit  of  such  a  change.     Notwithstanding  the 
discordant  materials  of  which  his  army  was  com- 
posed, there  was    something    in   his   character 
which  enabled  him  to  attach  both  his  officers  and 
soldiers  so  strongly  to  him  that  no  distress  could 
weaken  their  afl'ection  or  impair  the  veneration 
in  which  he  was  generally  held.     AVithout  this 
attachment  to  him  the  army  must  have  been  dis- 
solved.   Gen.  Conway,  who  was    concerned  in 
this  faction,  bein:;  wounded  in  a  duel  with  Gen. 
Cadwallader,  and    thinking  his  wound  mortal, 
wrote  to  Gen.  Washington,  "  You  are  in  my  eyes 
the  great  and  good  man."    Feb.  1,  1778,  there 
were  about  four  thousand  men  in  camp  unfit  for 
duty,  for  the  want  of  clothes.     Of  these  scarcely  a 
man  had  a  pair  of  shoes.    The  hospitals  were 
also  filled  with  the  sick.   At  this  time  the  enemy, 
if  they  hud  marched  out  of  winter  quarters,  could 
easily  have  dispersed  the  American  army.    The 
apjirehension  of  the  approach  of  a  French  fleet 
inducing  the  British  to  concentrate  their  forces, 
when  they  evacuated  Philadelphia,  June  17,  and 
inarched    towards  New  York,  Gen.  Washington 
followed   them.      Contrary  to   the   advice  of  a 
council  he  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Monmouth, 
June  28,  the  result  of  which  made  an  imjjression 
favorable  to  the  cause  of  America.    He  slept  in 


ter  memorable  for  hs  severity,  liis  utmost  exer- 
tions were   ncces.sary   to    save    the    army  from 
dissolution.    The  soldiers  in  general  submitted 
with  heroic  patience  to  the  w  ant  of  provisions  and 
clothes.    At   one   time   they   ate   every  kind  of 
horse  food  btit  hay.    Their  sutl'erings  at  length 
were  so  great,  that  in  March  two  of  the  Coimect- 
icut    regiments  mutinied,  but    the  mutiny  wan 
suppressed  and  tht'  ringleaders  secured.    In  Sept. 
the    treachery  of  Arnold  was  detected.     In  the 
winter  of  1781,  such  were  again  the  ])rivations  of 
the  army  that  a  part  of  the  rennsylvania  line  re- 
volted and  marched  home.     Such,  however,  was 
still  their  patriotism  tiiat  they  delivered  u]i  some 
British  emissaries  to  Gen.  Wayne,  who  lianged 
them  as  sjiies.     Committing  the  defence  of  the 
posts  on  the  Hudson  to  Gen.  Heath,  Gen.  Wash- 
ton,  in  August,  marched  with  Count  Ivochambeaux 
for  the  C'hesa])eake,  to  coiijicrate  with  the  French 
fleet  there.     The  siege  of  Yorktown  commenced 
Sept.  28,  and  Oct.  19  he  reduced  Cornwallis  to 
the  necessity  of  surrendering,  with   upwards  of 
seven  thousand  men,  to  the  combined  armies  of 
America  and  France.    The  day  after  the  capitu- 
lation, he  ordered  that  those  who  were  under  ar- 
rest should  he  pardoned,  and  that  divine  service, 
in  acknowledgment  of  the  interposition  of  Provi- 
dence, should  be  jjcrformcd  in  all  the  brigades 
and  divisions.     This  event  filled  America  with 
joy,  and  was  the  means  of  terminating  the  war. 

Few  events  of  importance  occurred  in  1782. 
In  March.  1783,  he  exhibited  his  characteristic 
firmness  .md  decision  in  opposing  an  attempt  to 
produce  a  mutiny  hy  anonymous  letters.  His 
address  to  his  officers  on  the  occasion  displays  in 
a  remarkable  degree  his  jirudence  and  the  cor- 
rectness of  his  judgment.  When  he  began  to 
read  it  he  found  himself  in  some  degree  embar- 
rassed by  the  imperfection  of  liis  sight.  TakinT 
out  his  s])ectacles  he  said,  "  These  eyes,  ray 
friends,  have  grown  dim,  and  these  locks  white, 
in  the  service  of  my  country  j  yet  I  have  never 
doubted  her  justice."  He  only  could  have  re- 
pressed the  spirit  which  was  breaking  forth. 
April  10,  a  cessation  of  hostilities  was  proclaimed 
in  the  American  camp.  In  June  he  addressed  a 
letter  to  the  governors  of  the  several  States,  con- 


II 


828 


WASHINGTON. 


WASIIINOTON. 


gratulatinp;  thrm  on  the  result  of  the  conf^t  in 
the  establishnu'iit  of  independence,  and  recom- 
mending  an  indiNNnlublc  union  of  tlic  States 
vmder  one  federal  luiul.  n  sacred  regard  to  public 
justice,  tlie  adoption  of  i  ])ropor  peace  establish- 
ment, niid  tin  prevail  iH c  of  a  friendly  disposi- 
tion among  the  ])eoi)le  of  the  several  States.  It 
was  with  keen  distress,  as  well  as  with  pride  and 
admiration,  that  he  saw  iiis  brave  and  veteran 
Boldiers,  who  had  suffered  so  much,  and  who  had 
borne  the  heat  and  burden  of  the  war,  returning 
peaceably  to  their  homes  without  a  settlement  of 
their  accounts  or  a  farthing  of  money  in  'heir 
pockets.  Nov.  25,  New  York  was  evacuate  <l, 
and  he  entered  it,  accompanied  by  Gov.  Clinton 
and  many  respectable  citizens.  J)ec.  4,  he  took 
his  farewell  of  his  brave  fomrades  in  arms.  At 
noon  the  principal  officers  of  the  army  a.ssemoled 
at  Francis'  tavern,  and  their  beloved  commander 
soon  entered  the  room.  His  emotions  were  too 
strong  to  be  concealed.  Filling  n  glass  with  wins 
ho  turned  to  them  and  said :  "  With  a  heart  tull 
of  love  and  gratitude,  I  now  take  leave  of  you ; 
I  most  devoutly  wish  that  your  latter  days  may 
be  as  prosperous  and  lajjpy  as  your  former  ones 
have  been  glorious  and  honorable."  Having 
drunk,  he  added :  "  I  cannot  come  to  each  of 
you  to  take  my  leave,  but  shall  be  obliged  to  yu 
if  each  of  you  will  eorrie  and  take  me  h\  the 
hand."  Gen.  Knox,  being  nearest,  turned  to 
him.  Incapable  of  utterance.  Gen.  Washington 
grasped  his  hand  and  embraced  him.  In  the 
same  affectionate  manner  he  took  leave  of  each 
officer.  In  every  eye  was  the  tear  of  dignified 
sensibility,  and  not  a  word  was  articulated  to  in- 
terrupt the  silence  and  the  tenderness  of  the 
scene.  Ye  men  who  delight  in  blood,  slaves  of 
ambition !  When  your  work  of  caniage  was  fin- 
ished, could  ye  thus  part  with  your  companions 
in  crime  ?  Leaving  the  room.  Gen.  Waslnmgton 
passed  through  the  corps  of  light  infantry,  and 
wailied  to  Whitehall,  where  a  barge  waited  to 
carry  him  to  Powles'  Hook.  The  whole  company 
foUowea  in  mute  procession  with  dejected  coun- 
tenances. When  he  entered  the  barge,  he  turned 
to  them,  and,  waving  his  hat,  bade  them  a  silent 
adieu,  r"ceiving  from  them  the  same  last  afl'ec- 
tionate  compliment.  On  the  23d  of  Dec.  he  re- 
signed his  commission  to  congrc  i,  then  assem- 
bled at  Annapolis.  He  deliverer  i  short  address 
on  the  occasion,  in  which  he  said :  "  I  consid- 
ered it  an  indispensable  duty  to  close  this  last 
solemn  act  of  my  official  life  by  commending 
the  interests  of  our  dearest  country  to  the  pro- 
tection of  Almighty  God,  and  those  who  have  the 
Buperintendence  of  them  to  Ids  holy  keeping." 
He  then  retired  to  Mount  Vernon  to  enjoy  again 
the  pleasures  of  domestic  life.  Here  the  expres- 
sions of  the  gratitude  of  his  countrymen,  in  affec- 
tionate addresses,  poured  in  upon   him,  and  he 


received  every  testimony  of  respect  and  vener- 
ation. 

In  his  retirement,  however,  lie  could  not  over- 
look the  public  interests.  He  was  desirous  of 
opening  by  water  carriage  a  communication  be- 
tween the  Atlantic  and  the  western  portions  of 
our  country,  in  order  to  prevent  the  diversion  of 
trade  down  the  Mississip])i,  and  to  Canada,  from 
which  he  predicted  consequences  injurious  to  the 
union.  Through  his  influence  two  companies 
were  formed  for  ])romoting  inland  navigation. 
The  legislature  of  Virginia  presented  him  with 
one  hundred  and  fif>y  shares  in  them,  which  he 
appropriated  to  public  uses.  In  the  year  1780 
he  was  convinced,  with  other  statesmen,  of  the 
necessity  of  substituting  a  more  vigorous  general 
government,  in  the  jjlace  of  the  impotent  articles 
of  coil  federation.  Still  he  was  aware  of  the  dan- 
ger of  running  from  one  extreme  to  another. 
Tie  exclaims,  in  a  letter  to  Mr.  Jay :  ''  What  as- 
i-iii.shing  changes  a  few  years  are  cap, '.)le  of  pro- 
ducing! I  am  told  that  even  respectable  cliar- 
acters  speak  of  a  monarchical  form  of  government 
without  l;.-irv()r.  From  thinking  proceeds  speak- 
ing ;  the!;!"-  to  acting  is  often  but  a  single  step. 
But  !  iw  itTCvocablc  and  tremendous !  What  a 
triumph  for  our  enemies  to  verify  their  predic- 
tions !  What  a  triumph  for  the  advocates  of  dc;-- 
potisra  to  find  that  we  are  incapable  of  governing 
ourselves,  and  that  systems,  founded  on  the  basis 
of  equal  lilierty,  are  merely  ideal  and  fallacious ! " 
In  the  following  year  he  was  persuaded  to  take  a 
seat  in  the  convention  which  formed  the  |)rcscnt 
constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  he  pre- 
sided in  that  body.  In  1789  he  was  unanimously 
elected  the  first  president  of  the  United  States. 
It  was  with  great  reluctance  that  he  accepted 
this  office.  His  feelings,  as  he  said  himself,  were 
like  those  of  a  culprit  going  to  the  place  of  ex- 
ecution. But  the  voice  of  a  whole  continent,  the 
pressing  recommendation  of  his  particular  friends, 
and  the  apprehension  that  he  f,hoi.id  otherwise 
be  considered  as  miwilling  to  hozard  his  reijuta- 
tion  in  executing  a  system  which  he  had  assisted 
in  forming,  determined  him  to  accept  the  ap- 
pointment. In  Ajjril  he  left  Mount  Verr.on  to 
proceed  to  New  Y'ork,  and  to  enter  on  the  duties 
of  his  high  office.  He  eveiywhcre  received  tes- 
timonies of  respect  and  love.  At  Trenton  the 
gentler  sex  rewarded  him  for  his  successful  enter- 
prise, and  the  iirotection  which  he  afforded  them, 
twelve  years  before.  On  the  bridge  over  the 
creek  which  passes  through  the  town,  was 
erected  a  triumphal  arch.,  ornamented  with  laurels 
and  flowers  and  supported  by  thirteen  piilnrs, 
each  encircled  with  wreaths  ol  ivergreen.  On  the 
front  of  the  arch  was  inscribr^d  in  large  gilt  letters  : 

"THE     DEFENDER     OF    THE    MOTHERS 
WILL,   HE   TIIK 
PROTECTOR  OF  THE  DAUGUXEKS." 


tr 

to 
ci. 

h( 

c; 


WASHINGTON. 


WASniNGTON. 


829 


At  thi»  place  he  wan  met  by  n  party  of  matronn,  I  Rubmitted  to  thr  npnatp.  nnil  wnn  ratified  l)y  that 
leading  their  dauglitcrH,  who  were  dressed  in  I  l)0(ly  on  the  condition  ilint  one  article  »hoiild  lie 
white,  and  who  with  l)nj.kets  in  tlieir  Lands  sun^  '  altered.     While   the  pre-ideiit   wan   delil.eratiiin 

iilMui  it,  nn  incorrec'  ro|)y  ol"  llit  iiisfnimeni  <km 
made  jmhlic  hy  .■»  .senator, ;\nd  the  whole  cou>iiry 
was  thrown  into  ii  state  of  extreme  irritution. 
At  this  period  he.  in  AM;^ust,  roiidilionally  rati- 
fied it,  and  in  Feb.,  17!Hi,  when  it  was  returned 
from  lii.t  Itritannio  Majesty  with  the  jiroposed  al- 
teration, he  declared  it  to  he  the  law  of  the  land. 
Atler  this  traiisaclioii,  the  house  <if  representa- 
tives refpiested  him  to  lay  before  them  the  paper* 
relatiiifj;  to  tlu^  treaty,  hut  ho  with  great  iiide- 
])endenee  refused  to  comply  with  their  request,  m 
thev  could  have  no  claim  to  an  iiisiiection  of  them 


with  exquisite  Bwectness  the  following  ode,  writ- 
ten for  the  occasion  : 

"  Wflromc,  mlntity  rlilcf,  onro  more 
Wlmnio  to  tills  Knitrfiil  alioni. 
Now  no  nion'onarv  ftsi 
Alin«  «ifnin  till'  fatal  Wow, 
Aims  nt  TIIKK  t\w  fiital  liloir, 
VirKliis  fair  ami  iiialn>iiii  RntTP, 
Thow  thy  rniKiucrlnn  arins  iliil  «aTo, 
Build  for  tlioo  trium|)l)al  l)owi<rs; 
Strew,  ye  fair,  his  way  vritli  llowcra. 
Strew  your  IlEKO'S  way  with  llowors.'' 

At  the  last  line  the  flowers  were  strewed  be- 
fore him.     After  receiving  such   proofs  of  affec 


tionate  attachment  he  arrived  at  New  York,  and  |  excejit   upon  a  vote  of  impeachment,  and   as  a 
■was  inaugurated  first    president  of  the   United  |  compliance  would   establish   a  dan};erous  ])rece- 


States,  April  30.     In  making  the  necessary  ar 
rangements   of    his  household,  he  publicly   an- 
nounced   that  neither  visits  of  business  nor  of 
ceremony  would  be  expected  on  Sunday,  as  he 
wished  to  reserve  that  day  sacredly  to  himself. 
In  Oct.  and  Nov.,  1789,  he  visited  New  England. 
At  the  close  of  his  first   term  of  four  years,  he 
prepared  a  valedictory  address  to  the  American 
peoi)le,  anxious  to  return  again  to  the  scenes  of 
domestic  life ;  but  the  earnest  entreaties  of  his 
friends  and  the  peculiar  situation  of  his  country 
induced  h  ra  to  be  a  candidate  for  a  second  elec- 
tion.    During  his  administration  of  eight  years 
the  labor  of  establishing  the  different  departments 
of  a  new  government  was  accomidisJied  ;  and  he 
exhibited  the  greatest  firmness,  wisdom,  and  inde- 
pendence.   He  was  an  American,  and  he  chose 
not  to  involve  his  country  in  the  contests  of  Eu- 
rope.   He  accordingly,  with  the  unanimous  advice 
of   his    cabinet,    Messrs.    Jefferson,    Hamilton, 
Knox,  and  llandolph,  issued  a  proclamation  of 
neutrality  April  22,  1793,  a  few  days  after  he 
heard  of  the  commencement  of  the  war  between 
England  and  France.     This  measure  contributed 
in  a  great  degree  to  the  prosperity  of  America. 
Its  adoption  was  the  more  honorable  to  tl;e  pres- 
ident, as  the  general  sympathy  was  in  favor  of  the 
sister  republic,  against  whom  it  was  said  Great 
Britain  had  commenced  the  war  for  the  sole  i)ur- 
pose  of  imixjsing  upon  her  a  monarchical  form 
of  government.     He  preferred  the  peace  and  wel- 
fare of  his  country  to  the  breath  of  popular  &\y 
plause.     Another  act,  in  which  he  proved  himself 
to  be  less  regardful  of  the  public  partialities  and 
])rcjudices  than  of  what  he  conceived  to  be  the 
public  good,  was  the  ratification  of  the  British 
treaty.     The  English  <!;overnment  had  neglected 
to  surrender  the  western  jiosts.  and  by  lommer 


dent.  lie  had  before  this  shown  a  dispusilion  to 
maintain  the  authority  vested  in  his  otliee,  by  de- 
clining to  aflix  his  signature  to  a  bill  which  Irad 
passed  both  liouscs. 

As  the  ])eriod  for  a  new  election  of  a  president 
of  the  United  States  n|)])roached,  and  alter  jjlain 
indications  that  the  i)ulilic  voice  would  lie  iu  his 
favor,  and  when  he  ]irobably  would  be  chosen  for 
the  third  time  imanimously,  he   determined  irre- 
vocably to  withdraw  to  the  shades  of  private  life. 
He  jjublished  in  Sept.,  1700,  his  farewell  address 
to  the  peojilc  of  the  United   States,  which  ought 
to  be  engraved   upon  the  hearts  of  his  country- 
men.    In  the  most  earnest  and  affectionate  man- 
ner he  called  upon  them  to  cherish  an  immova- 
ble attachment  to  the  national  union,  to  watch 
for  its  preservation  with  jealous  anxiety,  to  dis- 
countenance even  th(.-  su;.;gefition  that  it  could  in 
any  event  be  abandoned,  and  indignantly  to  frown 
ujion  the  first  dawning  of  every  attomiit  to  alien- 
ate any  portion  of  our  country   from  the   rest. 
Overgrown  military  establishments  he  re])resent- 
ed  as  particularly  hostile  to  republican  liberty. 
"While  he  recommended  the  most  im])licit  obe- 
dience to  the  acts  of  the  established  government, 
and  repro!)ated  all   obstructions  to  the  execution 
of  the   laws,   all  combinations  and  associations, 
under  whatever   j)lausible    character,    with   the 
real  design  to  direct,  control,  counteract,  or  awe 
the  reg\ilar  deliberations   and  action  of  the  con- 
stituted  authorities,   h.;  wished    also   to  guard 
agauist  the  spirit  of  innovation  upon  the  principles 
of  'h;   eonslitution.     Aware  that  the  energy  of 
'  :ie  svstem  might  be  enfeebled  by  alterations,  he 
thought  that  no  change  should  be  made  without 
an  evident  necessity,  and  that  in  so  extensive   a 
cxnintry  as  much  vigor  as  is  consistent  with  liberty 
is  indispensable.     On  the  other  hand  he  pointed 
cial  restrictions  and  in  other  ways  had  evinced  a  j  out  the  danger  of  a  real  despotism,-  by  lirtak- 
hostile  spirit  towards  this  country.    To  avert  the    ing  down  the  partitions  between  the  several  de- 
culamity  of  another  war,  Mr.  Jay  was  nominated    partments   of  government,  by    destroying    the 
as  envoy  extraordinary  in  Ai)ril,  1794.    In  June,    rociiirocal  checks,  and  consolid;»:ing  the  different 
1796,  the  treaty  which  Mr.  Jay  had  made  wm  ;  {wwers.    Against  the  spirit  of  party,  so  peculiarly 


830 


WASmXOTON. 


WASIIIXOTON. 


baticfiil  in  «n  olrrfivc  ){ovpriimpn(  he  viffprofl 
his  iiumt  holcnin  ri'UKitiKtiiiiu'i'K,  as  wrll  uh  n(;uin»l 
invetcrtt<*  antiimthicH  and  pnMsioiiiiic  attacliment'" 
in  rcNpoci  to  forfign  nation".  Win'lc  h<'  tiioiixht 
thnt  the  jrnlouny  of  a  frvf  jx'ojilc  ouj^ht,  to  he 
conxtnntly  and  impartiiilly  nwaki'  afjiiin^l  the  in- 
hidiouM  wiles  of  fori-igii  inflnencf,  lii"  wislii'd  that 
ffood  faitli  Khould  heohNorvi'd  towards  all  nations, 
and  jx'acfi  and  Imrrnony  eiiltivalcd.  In  liin  opin- 
ion, honesty,  no  K'ks  in  jmhlic  ihanin  ])rivatc'  affairs, 
is  always  the  liest  jjolicy.  I'rovidcnre,  lie  iielicved, 
liad  connected  the  jiernianent  felii'ity  of  a  nation 
with  its  virtue.  Other  subjects,  to  wliich  he 
alluded,  were  the  im])ortance  of  redit,  of  ceon- 
omy,  of  a  reduction  of  the  puhlin  debt,  and  of 
literary  institutions!  above  all  ho  rcrommendrd 
religion  and  morality  ns  indi-ipensaldy  necessary 
to  political  ])roN|)erity.  "  In  vain,"  says  he, "  would 
that  man  claim  the  tribute  of  patriotism,  wlio 
should  labor  to  subvert  these  j^reat  ))illars  of 
human  hai)|)inesN,  those  firmest  jjrops  of  the  duties 
of  men  and  of  citizens."  Uequralhing  these 
coimsels  to  his  countrymen,  lie  continued  in  office 
till  the  fourth  of  M:irch,  1797,  when  he  attended 
tlie  inauguration  of  his  successor,  Mr.  Adams,  and 
with  romjilncency  saw  him  invested  niti  powers 
which  hud  for  so  lonji  a  time  been  c?  e "cised  by 
himself.  He  then  retired  to  Moimt  Vti!i..'i,  (giv- 
ing to  the  world  an  example  most  humiiialing  to 
its  emperors  and  kings,  —  the  examjjle  of  a  mnii 
voluntarily  disrobing  himself  of  the  highes  au- 
thority, and  returning  to  private  life,  with  a  caar- 
acter  having  upon  it  no  stain  of  ambition,  of 
covetousness,  of  profusion,  of  luxury,  of  op])res- 
sion,  or  of  injustice. 

It  was  now  that  the  soldier,  the  statesman, 
and  the  patriot  hoped  to  repose  himself,  after  the 
toils  of  so  many  years.  But  he  had  not  been 
long  in  retirement  before  the  outrages  of  repub- 
lican France  induced  our  government  to  rai.se  an 
army,  of  which,  in  July,  1798,  he  was  appointed 
commander-in-chief.  Though  he  accepted  the  ap- 
pointment, his  services  were  not  demanded,  and  he 
himself  did  not  believe  thac  an  invasion  would  be 
made.  Pacific  overtures  were  soon  made  by  the 
French  directory,  but  he  did  not  live  to  see  the 
restoration  of  peace.  On  Friday,  Dec.  13, 1799, 
while  attending  to  some  improvements  upon  his 
estate,  he  was  expohed  to  a  light  rain  which  wetted 
his  neck  and  hair.  Unapprehensive  of  danger,  he 
passed  the  afternoon  in  his  usual  manner ;  but 
at  night  he  was  seized  with  an  inflammatory 
affection  of  the  wind-pipe.  The  disease  com- 
menced with  a  violent  ague,  accompanied  with 
some  pain  and  a  sense  of  stricture  in  the  throat,  a 
cough  and  difficult  deglutition,  which  were  soon 
succeeded  bj  fever  and  a  quick  and  laborious 
respintion.  About  twelve  or  fourteen  ounces  of 
blnod  were  raken  from  him.  In  the  morning  his 
family  phystoion,  Doctor  Craik,  was  sent  for;  but 


'  the  utmost  exertions  of  Miedicn!  skill  were  applied 
m  vain.     The  ap|/)iiit<'d   time    of  liis    di  ulh  was 
near.     Bi-lieviiig  from  the  comnieneement  of  hit 
complaint    that  it  would  be  mortal,  a  few  hotirn 
I  l)eforc  his  <le]jnrture.  iifu  r  ri  ix'uted  (<>>rtn  to  I  e 
'  underslood.  he  succeeded  in  expressiiijr  a  desire 
that  he  might  l>e  |)prmiltcil  to  die  witlnmt  lieing 
(lis(|uieted  by  iiiiavaiiilig  attemjjts   to  roM  ue  liini 
from  his  fate.     After  it  became  imiiosNilile  to  get 
j  any  thing  down  his  throat,  he  undressed  himself 
and  went  to  bed,  there  to  die.     To  his  friend  and 
'  physician,  who  snt  on  fiis  bed,  and  took  his  head 
in  his  lap,  he  snid  with  ditTicMlty,  "  Dortor,  I  am 
I  djitig,  and  liave  l)een  dying  for  a  long  time;  but 
'  I    am  not   afraid  to  die."    Respiration    iK'came 
more  and  more  contracted  till  half-past  eleven 
on  Saturday  night,  when,  retaining  the  full  pos- 
session  of  his   intellect,   he   expired   without   a 
!  struggle.     Thus  Dec.  Jl,  1799,  in  the  (JNih  year 
I  of  his  age,  died  the  father  of  our  eountry,  "  the 
I  man    first   in  war,  first   in    iieace,   and   first   in 
I  the   hearts   of  his   fellow-cilizens."    This   event 
spread  a  gloom  over  the  country,  and  the  tears 
of  America  proclaimed  the  services  and  virtues 
of  its  hero  and  sage,  and  exhibited  a  ])eo])le  not 
insensible  to  his  worth.     The  senate  of  the  United 
States,  in  an  address  to  the  president  on  this  melan- 
choly occasion,   indulged   their    patriotic  ])ride, 
while  they  did  not  transgress  the  bounds  of  truth, 
in   sjieaking  of  their  Washington.    "  Ancient 
and  modern  names,"  said  they,  "  are  diminished 
before  him.     Greatness  and  guilt  have  too  often 
been  allied ;  but  his  fame  is  whiter  than  it  is 
brilliant.   The  destroyers  of  nations  stood  abashed 
at  the   majesty  of  his  virtues.     It  re];rovcd  the 
intemperance  of  their   ambiticm,   and   darkened 
the  splendor  of  victory.     The  scene   is   closed, 
and  we  are  no  longer   anxious  lest  misfortune 
should  sull'-  his  glory  j  he  has  travelled  on  to  the 
end  of  his  journey,  and  carried  with  him  an  increas- 
ing weight  of  honor  j  he  has  deposited  it  snfelv 
where  misfortune  cannot  tarnish  it,  whore  nalifc 
cannot  blast  it."    !Mary,  his  mother,  died  at  Fred- 
ericksburg Aug.  25,  i789,  aged  82.     She  lived 
about  four  months  after  the  inauguration  of  her 
son  as  president  of  the  United  States.   Martha,  his 
widow,  died  May  22,  1802;  in  her  sickness  the 
Lord's  supper  was  administered  to  her. 

Gen.  Washington  was  rather  above  the  com- 
mon stature  i  his  frame  was  robust  and  his  consti- 
tution vigorous.  His  exterior  created  in  the  be- 
holder the  idea  of  strength  united  with  manly 
gracefulness.  His  eyes  were  of  a  gray  color,  and 
his  complexion  light.  His  manners  were  rather 
reserx'ed  than  free.  His  person  and  whole  dejjort- 
ment  exliibitcd  an  unaffected  and  indescril'able 
dignity,  unmingled  with  haughtiness,  of  wiiich 
all  who  approached  him  were  sensil)lo.  i'he 
attachment  of  those  who  possessed  his  friend- 
ship was  ardent,  but  always  respectful.     His 


WASIILXGTON. 


WASIlIN(iT()N. 


Ml 


temper  was  humane,  hcncvolrnt,  and  conciliator)' ; 
i/ut  lliere  wan  a  (|uicliiii'Hi<  in  iiin  RcnHJliilit y  to  any 
tiiiiiR  oireiiHivf,  which  cx[)iTiciir(  hail  ta\iRl)t  him 
to  watcli  and  corrcft.     lie  madi'  no  pifti'iisions 

to  viNacity  or  wit.  Judgment  rather  than  genius  |  Salem  was  lo  atti  nd  lijm  al  lldNt.m  at  eiglit 
conHtitutt'd  the  most  prominent  feature  ot  his  ' 
character.  Ah  a  military  man  he  was  hrave, 
cuter|)rising,  and  cautious.  At  th(  head  of  a 
multitude,  wliom  it  waNHomelimcH  iiniinssil)le  to 
reduce  to  projjcr  disci])linc  hcl'ore  the  expiration 
of  their  time  of  tiervice,  and  having  to  struggle 
almost  continually  with  the  want  of  8U]iplicN,  lie 
yet  waa  ahle  to  contend  with  an  adversary 
superior  in  numberH,  well  disciiiiined,  and  com- 
pletely equipped,  and  was  the  means  of  saving 
his  country.  The  measure  of  his  caution  has  l)y 
some  been  represented  as  too  abundant  j  but  he 
sometimes  formed  a  jjlan,  which  his  brave  oHi- 
cers  thought  was  too  adventurous,  and  sometimes 
contrary  to  their  advice  he  engaged  in  battle. 
If  his  name  is  not  rendered  illustrious  by  splendid 
achievements,  it  is  not  to  be  attributed  to  the 
■want  of  military  enterprise. 

lie  conducted  the  war  with  that  consummate 
prudence  and  wisdom  which  the  situation  of  his 
country  and  the  state  of  his  army  demanded. 
He  also  possessed  a  firmness  of  resolution,  which 
neither  dangers  nor  difficulties  could  shake.  In 
his  civil  administration  he  exhibited  repeated 
proofs  of  that  practical  good  sense,  of  that  sound 
judgment,  which  is  a  most  valuable  quality  of  the 
human  mind.  More  than  once  he  put  his  whole 
popularity  to  hazard  in  pursuing  measures  which 
were  dictated  by  a  sense  of  duty,  and  which  he 
thought  would  promote  the  welfare  of  his  coun- 
try. In  speculation  he  was  a  real  republican, 
sincerely  attached  to  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States,  and  to  that  system  of  equal  political  rights 
on  which  it  is  founded.  Ileal  liberty,  he  thought, 
was  to  be  preserved  only  by  preserving  the  au- 
thority of  the  laws,  and  maintaining  the  energy 
of  government.  Of  incorruptil)le  integrity,  his 
ends  were  always  uj)right,  and  the  means  which 
he  employed  were  always  pure.  lie  was  a  poli- 
tician to  whom  wiles  were  absolutely  unknown. 
When  any  measure  of  importance  was  proposed, 
he  sought  information  and  was  ready  to  hear 
vlthout  prejudice  whatever  could  be  said  in  re- 
lation to  the  subject ;  he  suspended  his  judg- 
ment till  it  was  necessary  lo  decide ;  but  after 
his  decision  had  been  thus  'leliberately  made,  it 
was  seldom  shaken,  and  hewi"  as  octive  and  per- 
severing in  executing,  as  he  ''ad  oon  cool  in 
forming  it.     He  possessed  an  innuie  and  unas- 


menibersofmngresHwere  late,  llodnid  to  them  : 
'•Cientl'inen,  we  are  piuietunl  lure.  .My  e-iok 
never  asLs  wheliier  the  eompnny  has  nrriv.  .1.  but 
wlietiier  the    iiour  lias."     In    ITMI  an  escdrl   lo 

.,  .  lint 
the  escort  did  not  overtake  him  mitil  he  reiu'hed 
Charles  riv.  r.  He  said.  ••  Major,  I  th.nwht 
you  had  been  too  long  in  iny  family  not  to  know 
when  It  was  eight  o'eloek." 

With     regaril     to   tlie    religicius    ehnraeler  of 
General    Washington   lliere  have  been   dilVereiit 
opinions.     In  the  extracts  from   some  of  his  pri- 
vate   letters,  wliirh  have  been  imlillshed  by  the 
historian  of  his  life,  the  name  of  the  Supreme 
Ileing  is  once  or  twice  introdured  in  a  manner 
which  in  common  conversation  is  deemed  irrever- 
ent.    It  is  also  understood  that  in  a  few  in^tallceK 
during    ilie  war,  jiartieiilaily  when  lie  met  (Jen. 
lee   retreating  in   the  battle  of  Monmouth,  his 
1  mgiiege  was  unguarded  in  this  respect.     It  may 
not  be  im]iossil>le  that  a  good  man  in  a  moment 
of  extreme  irritation  should  utter  a  profane  ex- 
pression ;  but  perhaps  it  is  less  jmssible  that  surh 
a   man,  when  his  jiassion  has   passed  away  and 
his  sober  recolleciions  have  returned,  slimild  not 
rejient  bitterly  of  his  irreverence  to  the  name  of 
God.     On  the  other  hand,  (ieneral  Washington, 
when  at  the  head  of  the  army,  issued  iiiiMlc  or- 
ders, calling  upon  his  officers  to  discountenance 
the  habit  of  profanity;  he  sjieaks  in   his  writings 
of  "the  ))ure  and  benign  light  of  revelation,"  and 
of  the  necessity  of  imitating  "  the  charity,  hu- 
mility, and  pacific  temper  of  mind  which  were  the 
characteristics  of  the  ])ivino  author  of  onr  blessed 
religion  ;"  he  gratefully  acknowledged  the  inter- 
positions of  Providence  in  favor  of  this  country; 
liis  life  was  upright  and  virtuous  ;  he  ])rinci])ally 
supported  an  Ejiiscojial  church  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  Mount  Vernon,  where  he  cnnstaiith   at- 
tended public  worship ;  during  the  war   he  not 
unfrequently  rode  ten  or  twelve  miles  from  cam]) 
for  the  benefit  of  the  institutions  of  religion  ;  and 
it  is  believed  thai   he  every  day  had  his   hour  of 
retirement  from  the  world   for  the  ])uri)ose  of 
private  devotion.     In  a  letter  to   Dr.  ]{odgers, 
June   11,  1783,  he  said:  "Glorious   hulecd  has 
been  our  contest,  if  we  consider  the   ])rize    for 
which  we  have  contended,  and  glorious  its  issue. 
But  in  the  niidst  of  our  joys  I  ho))e  we  shall  not 
forget  that  to  Divine  I'rovidence  is  to  be  ascribed 
the  glory  and  the  jjraise." 

General  "Washington  was  blessed  with  abun- 
dant wealth,  and  he  was  not  ignorant  of  the 
pleasure  of  em])loying  it  for  generous  purposes. 


suming   modesty,  which   adulation   would    have  '  His  style  of  living  was  dignified,  though  he  main 


offended,  which  the  plaudits  of  millions  could  i\ot 
betray  into  indiscrotion,  and  which  was  blended 
with  a  high  sense  of  personal  dignity,  and  a  just 
consciousness  of  the  rcspeet  which  is  due  to 
station.    He  dined  at  four  o'clock.     Sometimes 


tained  tht  strict  st  economy.  A\'hile  he  was  m 
the  army  he  wrt  wC  to  the  superintendent  of  his 
estate  in  the  following  terms:  "Let  the  hospi- 
tality of  the  house  be  kept  up  with  regard  to  the 
poor.    Let  no  one  go  hungry  a«'oy.     If  any  of 


832 


WASiriXdTOV. 


WASIIINOTON. 


thin  unrt  of  people  Nhoiild  he  in  want  of  com, 
supply  lliiir  iicccNHiiK'N,  provided  ii  doeH  not  eii- 
cour«Kt'  them  in  idlencHH.  1  have  no  olijection 
to  your  KiviiiR  my  money  in  iliarity,  when  miii 
think  it  '11  Ijcnfowed ;  I  mean,  that  it  in  my 

dcHire  th  '  should  l)e  done.  Yon  are  to  con- 
sider thii  ilher  myself  nor  my  wife  are  in  the 
way  to  do  these  good  oUiceM."  Thus  was  he  he- 
iieficent,  while  nt  tlie  same  time  lie  lequired  on 
exact  compliance  with  euKaKt'n'cnt.s.  A  jileasiiif; 
proof  of  the  Rcneroufi  H|)irit  which  f^overned  him 
is  exhihited  in  liin  conduct  towards  the  koii  of  Iun 
friend,  tlie  Mar((niM  dc  Lafayette.  The  mar- 
quid,  after  fighting  in  this  country  for  American 
liberty,  had  returned  to  France ;  hut  in  the  con- 
vulsions of  the  French  llevolution  he  was  exiled 
and  imprisoned  in  Germany.  General  WuN-iing- 
ton  gave  evidence  of  hincere  attachment  to  the 
unhapjiy  nobleman,  not  only  by  exerting  all  his 
influence  to  jirocure  his  release  from  confinement, 
but  by  extending  his  patp  nage  to  his  son,  who 
made  his  escape  from  !•' ranee,  and  arrived  with 
his  tutor  at  Uoston  in  1795.  As  soon  a«  he  was 
informed  of  liis  arrival,  ho  wrote  to  a  friend,  re- 
questing him  to  visit  the  young  gentleman  and 
make  him  acquainted  with  the  relations  between 
this  country  and  France,  which  would  prevent 
the  president  of  the  United  States  from  publicly 
espousing  his  interest,  but  to  assure  him  of  his 
protection  and  support.  He  also  directed  this 
friend  to  draw  upon  liim  for  moneys  to  defray 
all  the  expenses,  which  young  Lafayette  miglit 
i'.our.  Towards  his  slaves  General  Washington 
iujnifV'K.ted  the  greatest  care  and  kindness.  Their 
of.nUvie  lay  with  weight  upon  his  mind,  and  he 
ilJrficl  d  in  his  will  that  they  should  be  emanci- 
pate! on  the  decease  of  his  wife.  There  were 
innumerable  difficulties  in  the  way  of  their  receiv- 
ing freedom  previouhly  to  tliis  event.  On  the 
death  of  Mrs.  Washington  in  1802,  his  estate,  as 
he  had  no  children,  was  divided  according  to  his 
will  among  his  and  her  relations.  It  amounted 
by  his  own  estimate  to  more  than  500,000  dollars. 
The  i)ublic  addresses  and  other  productions 
of  General  Woshington's  pen  are  written  in  a 
style  of  dignified  simplicity.  Some  have  seen  so 
much  excellence  in  hie  writings,  that  they  have 
been  ready  to  transfer  i  )-.u  honor  to  his  secreta- 
ries ;  but  nothing  has  appeared  under  his  name 
to  which  his  own  powers  were  inadequate.  A 
volume  of  epistles,  confidential  and  domestic, 
attributed  to  him,  was  published  in  1777,  and 
republished  about  the  year  1796.  Of  these  Gen- 
eral Washington,  in  a  letter  to  the  secretary  of 
Stale  in  1797,  declared  the  following  to  be  forge- 
ries ;  a  letter  to  Lund  Washington,  dated  June 
12,  1776;  a  letter  to  John  Parke  Custis,  dated 
June  18,  1776 ;  letters  to  Lund  Washington, 
dated  July  8,  July  16,  July  15,  and  July  22, 1776; 
and  a  letter  to  Mrs.  Washington,  dated  June  24, 


1770.  His  official  lefterii  to  the  \mericun  con- 
gress, wrilien  during  the  war,  ••  ■  .1  j'Ubli^lied  in 
two  volumes,  Kvo.,  17!».'i.  Siir  <■  lil,,  death  his 
letters  to  .\rthiir  Yotnig  and  .Si>  '.,liii  Sinejiiir, on 
agriculture  iiiid  the  rural  economy  of  the  I'liitcd 
States,  have  iieen  puiiliihcd.  —  Mnyshii/I'.i  l.ii'r. 
<;/'  l\'ti-''iiif/ti)ii  ;  Ilia  l.ifr  Inj  llamsuy,  and  /Ian- 
craft,   I  I  i   frciiiff. 

W  \;!!;NGT()N,  MaKTIIA,  the  widow  of 
George  \V.,  died  May  22,  IH()2,  aged  "0.  .'- 
was  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Daiidridge  of  the  coinay 
of  New  Kent  in  Virginia,  and  was  born  in  Mav, 
1732.  Her  first  huNl)and  was  Col.  Daniel  1'. 
Custis,  who  lived  on  thel'amunkey  river,  a  branch 
of  York  river.  Of  tlie  children  by  this  marriage 
Martha  died  in  womanhood  at  Mount  Vernon  in 
1770,  and  John  Custis  in  1781,  at  the  Hicge  of 
Y'orkfown,  aged  27,  leaving  several  children. 
She  married  WaNhington  in  l750,  i  ring  the 
war  she  was  accustomed  to  spend  the  v  nters  at 
head-quarters.  The  remains  of  huNband  and  wife 
rest  in  the  same  vault.  She  was  amiable  and 
dignified,  and  adorned  with  the  Chrifstian  virtues, 
and  cheered  with  the  Christian  hope  as  she  went 
down  to  the  grave. 

WASHINGTON,  William,  colonel,  a  soldier 
of  the  llevolution,  a  relative  of  George  Wash- 
ington, died  in  South  Carolina  in  1810.  He  Kvns 
born  in  Stafford  county,  Va.  He  served  as  a 
captain  uiidcr  Mercer;  he  fought  at  the  battle 
on  Long  Island,  and  distinguished  himself  in 
that  of  Trenton,  in  which  he  was  wounded.  He 
was  afterwards  major  and  lieutenant-colonel.  At 
the  battle  of  the  Cowpens  he  commanded  the 
cavalry,  and  contributed  much  to  the  victory. 
For  his  good  conduct  ho  received  a  sword  from 
congress.  In  the  battle  of  Eutaw  S])rings  he 
was  wounded  and  taken  j)risonor.  After  the  war 
he  resided  at  Sandy  Hill,  S.  C,  the  family  seat 
of  his  wife,  Jane  Elliott.  In  1798  George  Wash- 
ington selected  him  as  one  of  his  staff,  with  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general.  His  son,  Wil!iaiii, 
died  ot  Charleston  in  March,  1830,  aged  45. 

WASHINGTON,  Thomas,  brigadier-genera], 
a  brave  and  skilful  officer  in  the  Revolutionary 
war,  died  in  Rutherford  county,  Tenn.,  in  1818, 
aged  55. 

WASHINGTON,  La  whence  Augustine,  died 
at  Wheeling,  Va.,  in  1824,  aged  49 ;  a  nephew 
and  one  of  the  heirs  of  George  Washington. 

WASHINGTON,  Bushrod,  judge,  died  nt 
Philadelphia  Nov.  26,  1829,  aged  70.  The  first 
president  of  the  American  colonization  society, 
the  nephew  of  George  Washington  and  heir  of 
his  books  and  papers,  he  was  born  in  1759,  and 
studied  law  with  James  Wilson.  At  the  Riegc  of 
York  he  was  a  private  soldier  under  fiercer.  In 
1797,  he  was  appointed  by  Mr.  Adams  a  judge 
of  the  supreme  court  "of  the  United  States,  an 
office,  which  he  retained  till  his  death.    At  the 


WASHINGTON. 

fir*t  nnniml  moff inpr  of  the  colonization  nocicty 
111'  (li'liNrrril  nil  iiililrcsd,  which  '  xprcHson  hi*  di'- 
voiit  coiitidciicc  in  lli<>  l)lciiKin;{  i<(  (iiiil  n])()n  tiic 
tiiHtiliitioM.  ni»  willow,  thr  clau).'litcr  of  Mr. 
IHnckliiirnf,  (lied  in  n  ffwdivs  niter  him.  Mis 
iioplu'W,  John  .\iin"»tiiie  W.  (the  Hon  of  Corhin 
W.),  to  wiiom  ho  lu-qiicathcd  tlio  m.iiision  nt 
Mount  Vernon,  tlifil  Juno  II.  IM.'J'J,  n<f(Ml  -l.'J. 
Ho  wim  0  man  of  into;;rily  and  Nini])licily  ol'nian- 
norn,  (lovoti'il  to  tlio  iiorforniancc  of  liis  ihitioM,  n 
putrlot,  ami  a  ChriHtinn.  He  jjulilixliod  reports 
ill  iho  court  of  nppealsi  of  Virginia,  'J  vols., 
17!»H-!». 

WASHINGTON,  Haii.ky,  Dr.,  died  in  Wash- 
iii^ton  Aug.  4,  IHOl,  !if?ed  (17.  Me  was  born  in 
Va.,  and  was  a  relative  of  Gi  :,'>>  Washinj^ton. 
He  entered  the  navy  n-  »«ur-«oii  in  1  illt.     He 


WATSON. 


fl.13 


was  Hiirgeon  of  the  when  she  cap- 

tured the  Uoxor.     II  '»rBeon  under 

Kofjers,  KUiott,   and  i.  Mediter- 

ranean. 

WATKIIHOUSE,  J..  i      iiu,,  M.  D., 

died  at  Charlenton,  8.  C,  in  1«17,  -;<ed  26.  Tlio 
(ion  of  ])r.  W.,  he  graduated  at  Hui  yard  in  IHIl. 
He  was  a  physician,  a  naturalist,  and  an  oratur. 

WATEUHOUSE,  Uilnjamin,  M.  I).,  died  at 
Cambridge,  Oct.  2,  1846,  aged  92.  Born  hi 
Newport,  ho  was  sent  to  London  in  1775,  and 
placed  under  the  care  of  his  relative,  Dr.  Foth- 
crgill.  His  studies  were  continued  at  Edinburgh, 
and  at  liOyden,  where  he  graduated.  After  an 
excellent  medical  education,  he  returned  and  was 
chosen  a  professorat  Cambridge,  where  he  passed 
the  remainder  of  a  long  life.  In  his  jiolitics  he 
was  a  follower  of  Mr.  Jefferson.  A  particular 
memoir  of  him  is  in  the  Polyanthos,  vol.  ii.  He 
published  the  botanist,  in  twelve  numbers,  in  the 
Anthology;  a  work  aiming  to  prove  that  the 
Earl  of  Chatham  was  Junius ;  a  lecture  against  the 
use  of  tobacco ;  a  treatise  on  the  small  pox,  kine 
pox,  etc. ;  a  discourse  on  the  history  of  medicine, 
and  other  medical  treatises. 

WATERMAN,  Simon,  first  minister  of  Welles, 
Conn.,  died  in  1813,  aged  about  74.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  in  1759,  and  was  pastor  from  1761 
to  1780  of  the  second  society  in  Wallingford. 
Of  Plymouth,  Conn.,  he  was  minister  from  1790 
to  1810.  The  previous  and  subsequent  minis- 
ters there  were  A.  Storrs  and  Ii.  Hurt. 

AV^ATERMAN.Elijaii,  minister  of  1  Jridgejiort, 
Conn.,  was  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1791 ; 
ordained  at  Windham  in  1794 ;  installed  at 
llridgeport  in  1806 ;  and  died  at  Springfield  Oct. 
1 1,  1825,  aged  56.  He  published  the  noble  con- 
vert, a  sermon,  at  the  request  of  IMerpont  Ed- 
wards, 1809  J  an  oration,  1794;  a  century  sermon, 
ISOO;  at  execution  of  C.  Adams,  1803;  on  death 
-f  N.  Strong,  1807;  of  A.  Ilawley ;  of  D.Ely; 
of  F.  Lockwood ;  catechism  of  Geneva ;  life  of 
Calvin,  8vo.,  1813.  —  Spraguc's  Annals. 
105 


W.Vrr.UMAN.Wii.i.nM.  n  Poldicrnf  thc»i<». 
oliition,  died  ill  ltoy;i!ti,ii,  Vt,  in  iHI.'i.uifi  d  h'. 
He  wan  wimndcd  tliroimh  the  thi«h  itl  Wliitc 
I'lain.*,  and  n;\*  a  prison'-r  in  a  iiliip  olf  New 
\ork,  from  which  he  escaped  oy  nwimniing  to 
Long  Inland. 

W.\i  KUS.  Nicjioi.AR  n.,  M.  n.,  died  in  Phil- 
ndclpliiii  in  1790,  n;;cil  ;)'.'.  Hi-  medical  degree 
he  recelMil  in  17.SK.  Iliv  wife  w,,,  lleMcr.  (he 
daii«hlcrof  David  lUtteiiluniHc  Ik-  published 
an  abridgment  of  llciijaniiii  Hell's  system  of  sur- 
gery, in  u  large  volume,  1791.—  77(a/r/ier'j».U,(/. 
llinij. 

WATl'.US,  Ihraki,,  captain,  a  benefactor  of 
I-eicister  Academy,  died  about  IH'J.'i.at  Charlton. 
His  important  legacy  to  the  academy.  .  »pd 
to  uboiit  8,000  dollars.  He  was  a  m"',aM.-;i ;';>;• 
of   leathei. —  Witahburn'a  Sketch  /    '. 'vi'T 

Acddunn/, 

WATERS,  CoRNF.i.irs,  minister  >f  Gofnu.wn, 
N.  H.,  from  1781  to  1795,  died  in  IHUI,  aged  7«. 
Horn  at  Millbury,  Mas,^.,  be  gradiialed  at  Dart- 
mouth in  1 774.  1  lo  was  succeeded  at  (J.  by  (iov. 
M.irrill.  Next  he  was  pastor  at  Ashby,  .Mass., 
from  1797  to  I'^Ki. 

W ATKINS,  ToiiiAS,  doctor,  died  at  Washing- 
ton Nov.  14,  18.'i5,  aged  75;  many  years  United 
States  auditor  of  accounts.  He  was  an  able  con- 
tributor to  several  journals  and  magazines. 

AV ATKINS,  John  I,.,  M.  1).,  died  at  Cleves, 
O.,  Dec.  12,  1855,  aged  75;  born  in  New  Jersey, 
and  a  graduate  of  Priiicoton  in  1814. 

WATROUS,  Joiix,  c(doiiel,dicd  at  Colchester, 
Conn.,  in  Jan.,  1817,  aged  91. 

WATROUS,  John-  R.,  M.  D.,an  eminent  phy- 
sician  and  surgeon,  died  at  Colchester,  Conn.,  in 
1843,  aged  91.  He  was  a  surgeon  in  the  army 
of  the  Revolution,  the  companion  of  Dr.  Hall  of 
East  Hartford.  He  was  a  member  of  the  gen- 
eral assembly  of  Connecticut  in  1795. 

WATSON,  John,  died  at  Plymouth,  Mass.,  in 
1826,  aged  78.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1766,  and  was  president  of  the  ])ilgrim  society. 
He  was  proprietor  of  Clark'.s  Island,  and  lived 
there  about  forty  years,  jileased  with  its  antiqua- 
rian associations.     He  left  sons  and  daughters. 

WATSON,  l':i.K.\.\AU,  died  at  Port  Kent,  N.  Y., 
Dec.  12,  1842,  aged  84.  It  irn  in  Plymouth  in 
1758,  he  in  early  life  travelled  in  ICurope.  He 
lived  many  years  in  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  and  re- 
moved to  Albany  in  isi.j,  to  Port  KiMit  on  Lake 
Cluimplain  in  1825.  He  wrote  much  on  agricul- 
ture and  internal  improvements.  In  London  he 
published  on  account  of  his  early  journey  in  the 
wilderness  of  New  York.  He  published  history 
of  the  canals,  1820.  His  memoirs,  entitled  men 
and  times  of  the  Revolution,  were  published  by 
his  son,  Winslow  C.  W.,  in  1856,  containing  his 
journal  of  travels  in  Europe,  etc.,  from  1772  to 
1842. 


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WATSON. 


WEBB. 


WATSON,  Benjamin  M.,  died  at  Newton 
Aug.  31,  1851,  aged  71.  Born  at  Morblchcad.a 
descendant  of  WinHlow,  he  frrnduatcd  at  Harvard 
in  1800,  and  studied  law  with  Judge  Parsons,  but 
became  a  merchant,  and  was  president  of  the 
mercantile  marine  insurance  company. 

WAWWAW,  an  Indian  chief,  lived  at  Wells, 
Me.,  about  the  year  1740,  and  laid  claim  to  the 
territory  there. 

WAY,  John,  captain,  died  in  New  London  in 
1831,  aged  92.  In  returning  from  the  funeral  of 
his  neighbor,  John  Starr,  aged  90,  he  fell  and 
expired.     He  never  had  a  day's  sickness. 

WAYNE,  Anthony,  major-general,  died  in 
Dec.,  1796,  aged  about  61.  He  was  born  in 
Eosttown,  Chester  county,  Penn.,  in  1745.  In 
1773  he  was  appointed  a  representative  to  the 
general  assembly,  where,  in  conjunction  with 
Dickinson,  Mifflin,  Thompson,  ond  other  gentle- 
men, he  tork  an  active  part  in  opposition  to  the 
claims  of  Great  Britain.  In  1775  he  quitted  the 
councils  of  his  country  for  the  field.  lie  entered 
the  army  as  a  colonel,  and  at  the  close  of  the 
year  accompanied  Gen.  Thompson  to  Canada. 
When  this  officer  was  defeated  in  his  enterprise 
against  the  Three  Kivers  in  June,  1776,  and  taken 
prisoner,  Wayne  received  a  flesh  wound  in  the 
leg.  His  exertions  were  useful  in  the  retreat. 
At  the  close  of  the  campaign  he  was  made  a 
brigadier-general.  In  the  campaign  of  1777  in 
the  middle  State"*  he  took  a  very  active  part.  In 
the  battle  of  Brandywine  he  distinguished  him- 
self, though  he  was  in  a  few  days  afterward  sur- 
prised and  defeated  by  Major-general  Gray.  He 
fought  also  in  the  battle  of  Germantown,  as  well 
as  in  the  battle  of  Monmouth  in  June,  1778.  In 
his  most  daring  and  successful  assault  upon 
Stony  Point  in  July,  1779,  while  he  was  rushing 
forward  with  his  men  under  a  tremendous  fire  of 
musketry  and  grape-shot,  determined  to  carry 
the  works  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet,  he  was 
struck  by  a  musket  ball  upon  his  head.  He  was 
for  a  moment  stunned;  but,  as  soon  as  he  was 
able  to  rise  so  as  to  rest  on  one  knee,  believing 
that  his  wound  was  mortal,  he  cried  to  one  of 
his  aids,  "  Carry  me  forward  and  let  me  die  in  the 
fort."  When  he  entered  it,  ho  gave  orders  to 
stop  the  effusion  of  blood.  In  1781  he  was 
ordered  to  march  with  the  Pennsylvania  line  from 
the  northward,  and  form  a  junction  witli  Lafay- 
ette in  Virginia.  July  6th,  after  receiving  infor- 
mation that  the  main  body  of  the  enemy  under 
Comwallis  had  crossed  James'  river,  he  pressed 
forward  at  the  head  of  eight  hundred  men  to 
attack  the  rear-guard.  But  to  his  utter  astonish- 
ment, when  he  reached  the  place,  he  found  the 
whole  British  army,  consisting  of  four  thousand 
men,  drawn  up  ready  to  receive  him.  At  this 
moment  he  conceived  of  but  one  way  to  esca])e. 
He  rushed  upon  the  enemy,  and  commenced  a 


gallant  attack,  which  he  supported  for  a  few  min- 
utes, and  then  retreated  with  the  utmost  expedi- 
tion. The  British  general  was  confounded  l)y 
this  movement,  and,  apprehensive  of  an  ambus- 
cade from  Lafayette,  would  not  allow  of  a  pur- 
suit. After  the  capture  of  Comwallis,  he  was 
sent  to  conduct  the  war  in  Georgia,  where  with 
equal  success  he  contended  with  British  soldiers, 
Indian  savages,  and  American  traitors.  As  a  re- 
ward for  his  services  the  legislature  of  Georgia 
presented  to  him  a  valuable  farm.  At  the  con- 
clusion of  the  war  he  retired  to  private  life.  In 
1787  he  was  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  con- 
vention, which  ratified  the  constitution  of  the 
United  States.  In  1792  he  succeeded  St.  Cloir 
in  the  command  of  the  army  to  be  emi)loyc'd 
against  the  Indians.  In  the  battle  of  the  MianiiK, 
Aug.  20,  1794,  he  gained  over  them  a  complete 
victory  and  afterwards  desolated  their  country. 
On  the  3d  of  Aug.,  1795,  he  concluded  a  treaty 
whh  the  hostile  Indians  northwest  of  the  Ohio. 
While  in  the  service  of  his  country  he  died  in  a 
hut  at  1-  "esque  Isle,  and  was  buried  on  the  shore 
of  lake  E  ie. 

WAYNE,  Isaac,  colonel,  only  son  of  Major- 
general  W.,  died  in  Chester  co.,  Penn.,  Oct.  26, 
1852,  aged  82.  He  was  a  State  senator  and  an 
excellent  citizen.  In  1814  he  was  a  candidate 
for  governor  against  Snyder. 

WEAIlE,MEsnKCH,  president  of  the  State  of 
New  Hampshire,  died  Jan.  15,  1786,  aged  72. 
The  son  of  Nathaniel  W.  of  Hampton,  he  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1735.  In  1754 
he  was  appointed  a  commissioner  to  the  congress 
at  Albany,  afterwards  one  of  the  justices  of  the 
superior  court,  and  in  1777  chief  justice.  Chosen 
president  of  New  Hampshire  in  1776,  he  was  in- 
vested at  the  same  time  with  the  highest  offices, 
legislative,  judicial,  and  executive,  in  which  lie 
was  continued  by  annual  elections  during  the 
whole  war.  When  a  new  constitution  was  adopted, 
he  was  again  in  1784  elected  president;  but  he 
resigned  before  the  close  of  the  year.  He  died 
at  Hampton  Falls,  worn  out  with  public  services. 
He  "  dared  to  love  his  country  and  be  poor." 

WEATHERFOUU,  Mr.,  a  Baptist  minister, 
died  in  Pittsylvania  county,  Va.,  in  1833,  aged  9'). 

WEATHERS,  James,  a  minister,  died  in 
Granville  county,  N.  C,  in  1843,  aged  93.  He 
was  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution. 

WEBB,  JosEMl,  minister  of  Fairfield,  Conn., 
died  in  1732,  aged  about  60.  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1684,  and  was  ordained  in  1G94. 

WEBB,  John,  minister  in  Boston,  was  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  col'ege  in  1708.  He  was  or- 
dained the  first  minister  of  the  new  north  church 
in  Boston,  Oct.  20,  1714.  After  surviving  one 
colleague,  Mr.  Thacher,  and  enjoying  the  assist- 
ance of  another.  Dr.  l-lliot,  for  eight  years,  he 
died  in  peace  and  joy  April  16,  1750,  aged  02. 


WEBB. 


WEBSTER. 


835 


llig  colleague  pronounced  him  "  one  of  the  best 
of  ChriNtians  and  one  of  the  best  of  niinisttTR." 
l[c  |)ul)lished  the  foUowiiif;  sermoiifi :  to  a  society 
of  young  men,  1718;  on  the  advantages  of  early 
piety,  1721;  before  the  general  assembly,  1722; 
warning  against  bad  company  keeping,  1720;  on 
the  death  of  W.  Waldron,  1727;  the  believer's 
redemption  by  the  blood  of  Christ ;  on  the  pay- 
ment of  vows,  1728;  directions  to  obtain  salva- 
tion in  seven  sermons,  1729;  the  groat  concern 
of  New  England ;  at  the  ordination  of  a  deacon, 
1731 ;  the  duty  of  a  degenerate  people  to  pray 
for  the  reviving  of  God's  work ;  a  sermon  to  two 
malefactors,  1734  ;  the  government  of  Christ,  an 
election  sermon,  1738;  on  the  death  of  P.  Thacher, 
1739;  Christ's  suit  to  the  sinner  while  he  stands 
and  knocks  at  the  door. 

WEBB,  Natiian,  first  minister  of  Uxbridge, 
Mass.,  died  in  1772,  aged  66.  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1723.  He  was  ordained  in  1731  and 
was  pastor  forty-one  years.  Wacantuck  was  the 
Indian  name  of  the  town. 

WEBB,  Isaac,  an  eminent  naval  architect, 
died  at  New  York  in  1840,  aged  46. 

WEBBER,  Samuel,  D.  D.,  president  of  Har- 
vard college,  died  of  the  apoplexy  July  17,  1810, 
aged  51.  He  was  born  in  Byfield  in  1759;  was 
graduated  in  1784 ;  and  in  1789  succeeded  Dr. 
Williams  as  professor  of  mathematics.  In  1796 
he  examined  the  boundary  between  the  United 
States  and  New  Brunswick.  After  the  death  of 
Dr.  Willard  he  was  elected  president,  and  in- 
ducted into  his  office  May  6,  1806.  His  daugh- 
ter married  Prof.  J.  F.  Dana.  He  published  a 
system  of  mathematics,  2  vols.  8vo.,  1801 ;  an 
eulogy  on  President  Willard,  1804. 

WEBSTER,  John,  governor  of  Connecticut, 
died  at  Hadley,  Mass.,  in  1665.  He  was  a  magis- 
trate of  Connecticut  in  1639,  and  governor  in 
1056.  About  1660  he,  with  Rev.  Mr.  Russell  and 
his  associates,  purchased  the  territory  now  in- 
cluded in  Hadley  and  other  towns,  and  removed 
thither.  He  was  the  ancestor  of  Noah  Webster. 
WEBSTER.  Samuel,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Salis- 
bury, Masci.,  was  born  in  Bradford  in  1718;  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1737  ;  and  was 
ordained  Aug.  12,  1741.  After  a  ministry  of 
nearly  fifty-five  years,  he  died  July  18, 1796,  aged 
77.  At  the  time  when  he  entered  the  sacred 
office,  his  mind  was  so  impressed  with  the  impor- 
tance of  the  work  in  which  he  was  about  to  en- 
gage, that  he  was  ready  to  abandon  all  thoughts 
of  the  calling.  In  his  preaching  he  was  remark- 
ably clear  and  plain.  There  was  an  earnestness 
in  his  manner  which  convinced  his  hearers  that 
he  himself  felt  what  he  delivered.  He  did  not 
preach  the  things  which  he  considered  as  of 
doubtful  disputation.  He  possessed  a  happy 
talent  in  visiting  his  people,  and  could  adapt  him- 
self to  their   circumstances,  and  in  a  pleasing 


manner  give  them  instruction.  The  beauties  of 
Christian  virtue  were  exhibited  in  his  whole  life. 
He  ])ui)li.slie(l  a  si'rmoii,  17.j(i;  nt  ordination  of 
S.  Webster,  1772  ;  the  duty  of  an  enslaved  people, 
a  fast  sermon,  1774;  to  two  companies  of  minute- 
men,  1775;  election  sermon,  1777;  two  discour- 
ses on  infant  baptism,  third  edit.,  1780;  on  the 
death  of  J.  Tucker. 

WEBSTER,  EnEXKZiCR,  captain,  a  soldier  of 
the  French  and  the  Revolutionary  wars,  died  at 
Salisbury,  N.  H.,  in  1810,  aged  7(i.  He  was  the 
son  of  Ebenezcr  of  Kingston,  six  miles  from  Ex- 
eter, and  of  Susannah,  daughter  of  Rev.  S.  Bach- 
elder,  and  he  was  the  son  of  Ebenczer,  who  set- 
tled in  K.  in  1700.  The  next  ancestor  was 
Thomas  of  Hampton,  then  John  of  Ipswich,  who 
came  from  Ipswich  in  England.  He  was  the 
father  of  Daniel  Webster,  by  his  second  wife, 
Abigail  Eastman  of  Salisbury.  Among  the  chil- 
dren by  his  first  wife  was  Abigail,  who  married 
Mr.  Haddock,  the  father  of  Prof.  Haddock  of 
Dartmouth  college. 

WEBSTER,  David,  colonel,  died  at  Ply- 
mouth, N.  IL,  June  28, 1824.  He  was  the  oldest 
inhabitant,  one  of  the  first  settlers.  Coming  from 
Ilollis  with  his  wife  and  child,  there  was  no  road 
nor  path  from  Boscawen  to  Plymouth,  a  journey 
of  two  days  on  foot  in  winter.  His  valuable  es- 
tate was  near  the  mouth  of  Baker's  river.  Ho 
was  the  first  sheriff  of  Grafton  county. 

WEBSTER,  EZEKIEL,  an  eminent  lawyer,  the 
brother  of  Daniel,  lived  at  Boscawen,  N.  H.,  and 
died  in  the  courthouse  at  Concord  in  1829,  aged 
about  48.  He  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1804, 
and  was  a  State  senator. 

WEBSTER,  Nathaniel,  minister  of  Bidde- 
ford,  Me.,  died  at  Portland  in  1830,  aged  81. 
He  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1769. 

W^EBSTER,  CiURLES  R.,  died  July  18, 1834, 
aged  71.  He  was  a  bookseller  in  Albany  as  early 
as  1784.  He  established  and  conducted  for  forty 
years  the  Albany  Gazette.  \ 

WEBSTER,  JosiAii,  minister  of  Hampton, 
N.  H.,  died  in  1837,  aged  65.  He  was  bom  in 
Chester  Jan.  16,  1772,  and  graduated  at  Dart- 
mouth college  in  1798.  From  1799  to  1806  he 
was  minister  at  Chebacco  in  Ipswich.  He  was 
installed  at  Hampton  as  the  successor  of  Mr. 
Appleton,  June  8, 1808,  and  was  pastor  nearly 
twenty-nine  years.  E.  D.  Eldredge  was  his  suc- 
cessor. He  published  a  sermon  at  the  installa- 
tion of  J.  Lord,  Thomaston,  1809 ;  at  ordination 
of  J.  W.  Dow,  Tyringham,  1811;  at  the  thanks- 
giving, 1812 ;  before  the  general  association  of 
New  Hampshire,  1819;  at  ordination  of  J.  C. 
Webster,  1837,  as  seamen's  chaplain  for  Russia. 

WEBSTER,    Redford,    died    in   Boston  in 
1838,  aged  77.     He  wrote  poetry  and  miscella- 
nies. 
WEBSTER,   Noah,   LL.  D.,   died  at  New 


836 


WEBSTER. 


WEEMS. 


Haven  May  28,  1S43,  aged  84.  Horn  in  West 
Hartford,  a  descendant  of  John  of  Hartford,  he 
graduated  nt  Yale  in  1778.  After  being  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  he  engaged  in  the  businesA  of 
instruction.  In  1783  he  wrote  an  Englifth  gram- 
mar, and  also  Bonio  political  pieces.  In  1793  he 
commenced  at  New  York  the  Commercial  Adver- 
tiser;  in  1708  ho  removed  to  New  Haven,  and  in 
1807  began  to  com])ilc  his  English  dictionary, 
first  published  in  1828.  In  the  edition  of  1840 
were  printed  4394  new  words,  freely  furnished  l)y 
the  author  of  this  niographical  work,  the  acknowl- 
edgment for  which  has  not  yet  been  made  by  the 
editor.  He  lived  some  years  in  Amherst.  For 
the  last  forty  years  he  was  incessant  in  his  studies, 
and  had  vigorous  health.  He  died  in  composure 
and  resignation.  He  published  various  ele- 
mentary school  books;  sketches  of  American 
policy,  1784 ;  and  his  dictionary  of  the  English 
language  in  1828.  A  quarto  edition,  revised  by 
C.  A.  Goodrich,  was  published  at  Springfield  by 
G.  and  C.  Merriam,  1854. 

WEBSTER,  John  AV.,  professor  of  chemistry 
and  mineralogy  in  the  medical  school  connected 
with  Harvard  college,  was  hung  as  a  murderer 
in  the  yard  of  the  Leverett  street  jail  in  Boston, 
Aug.  30,  1850,  aged  about  56.  He  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1811;  was  appointed  professor  in 
1827.  He  murdered  in  1849  in  the  medical 
building  in  Boston,  Dr.  George  Parkman,  out  of 
revenge,  or  to  evade  the  payment  of  a  debt.  This 
execution  on  the  gallows  of  such  a  man  for  such 
a  crime  is  honorable  to  the  administration  of  jus- 
tice in  Massachusetts.  What  security  can  there 
be  for  human  life,  if  the  life  of  the  murderer  is 
spared  through  a  pitiable,  falsely-called  human- 
ity? It  is  God's  -Tiand,  "He  that  sheddeth 
man's  blood,  by  ihall  his  blood  be  shed." 

He  published  a  i  i  of  chemistry ;  description 

of  the  island  of  St.  Michael,  1821. 

WEBSTER,  Daniel,  LL.  D.,  died  at  Marsh- 
field,  Mass.,  Oct.  24,  1852,  aged  70.  He  was 
bo  n  in  Salisbury,  N.  H.,  Jan.  18,  1782,  the  son 
c'  Capt.  Ebenezer  W.  He  graduated  at  Dart- 
mouth in  1801,  being  one  of  the  two  first  schol- 
ars of  his  class.  He  practised  law  in  Boscawen 
and  in  Portsmouth.  In  1813  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  congress.  He  removed  to  Boston  in 
1816 :  was  re-elected  to  congress  in  1822,  and  in 
1828  entered  the  senate  of  the  United  States. 
His  famous  debate  with  Hayne  was  in  1830,  and 
that  with  Calhoun  in  1833.  He  visited  Europe 
in  1839,  and  was  secretary  of  State  from  1841  to 
1843.  He  negotiated  the  Ashburton  treaty; 
afterwards  he  served  in  the  Senate;  his  last 
office  was  that  of  secretary  of  State  under  Pres- 
ident Fillmore.  It  is  stated  by  Mr.  Ticknor  that 
after  he  had  signed  his  will  he  prayed  aloud 
for  some  minutes,  ending  with  the  Lord's  prayer 
and  the  usual  ascription.    It  was  announced  by 


the  commisRioners  on  his  estate,  that  his  assets 
amounted  to  35,0(10  or  3<!,000  dollars,  and  his 
debts  to  about  155,000  dollars.  Thus,  it  would 
seem,  he  knew  nothing  of  the  economies  of  ])ri- 
vatc  life.  Yet  among  our  i)ul)lic  men  of  hit,  day 
none  were  superior  to  him  in  talent«,  learning, 
and  forcible  elwiuence.  He  aimed  to  be  jircNi- 
dent  of  the  United  States ;  but  foiled.  Had  lie 
held  that  station  for  the  last  four  years,  it  is  not 
supposable  that  his  strong  arm  would  have  foiled 
to  shield  the  new  settlers  and  cilixens  of  the 
far  west  from  the  outrages  of  border-ruffianism. 
It  will  be  honorable  to  his  memoi-j'  to  rej)eat  his 
words,  which  he  uttered  in  his  speech  in  Fanenil 
Hall  in  Boston,  Nov.  1,  1844  :  "What !  when  nil 
the  civilized  world  is  opposed  to  slavery,  —  when 
morality  denounces  it,  —  when  every  thing  re- 
spected, every  thing  good  bears  united  witness 
against  it,  —  is  it  for  America,  —  America,  the 
land  of  Washington,  —  the  model  re])id)lic  of 
the  world,  —  is  it  for  America  to  come  to  its  os- 
sistance,  and  insist  that  its  maintenance  is  neces- 
sary to  the  sujiport  of  her  institutions  P  "  His 
works,  in  6  vols.,  8vo.,  were  published  1851. 

WEBSTER,  RiciiAUD,  minister  of  Mauch 
Chunk,  Penn.,  died  in  1855  or  1856.  He  wrote 
a  history  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  which  in 
Aug.,  1856,  J.  W.  Wilson,  of  Philadelphia,  pro- 
posed to  publish  in  one  volume  of  seven  hundred 
pages,  with  a  biography  by  Dr.  Van  Rensselaer. 

WEEKES,  Daniel,  died  at  Ship  Harbor,  Nova 
Scotia,  Dec.  29,  1851,  aged  116;  having  been 
born  on  Long  Island  Dec.  3,  1735.  At  the  age 
of  twenty-four  he  served  in  the  British  army, 
when  Wolfe  fell.  Adhering  to  the  royal  cause, 
he  received  a  grant  of  land  in  Nova  Scotia.  lii 
1838  he  recovered  his  sight.  He  toiled  in  the 
woods  bareheaded  till  within  two  years  of  his 
death.  His  children  were  twenty-one,  his  de- 
scendants some  hundreds. 

WEEKS,  Holland,  minister  of  Abington, 
Mass.,  died  at  Henderson,  N.  Y.,  in  1843,  aged 
about  70.  He  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1795. 
He  became  at  last  a  fanatic  or  enthusiast,  and 
was  dismissed  from  his  pastoral  charge. 

WEEKS,  William  R.,  D.  I).,  of  Newark, 
N.  J.,  died  at  Oneida  June  26,  1848,  aged  66. 
He  was  an  able  writer  and  a  successful  teacher ; 
a  man  of  an  excellent  character. 

WEEMS,  Mason  L.,  a  writer  and  Episcopal 
minister,  resided  in  Virginia,  but  died  ot  Beau- 
fort, S.  C,  Moy  23,  1825,  after  long  sickness. 
Before  the  Revolution  he  was  rector  of  Mount 
Vernon  parish,  when  the  old  church  at  Pohick 
had  George-Washington  for  an  attendant  on  his 
ministry.  A  large  family  compelled  him  to  seek  a 
better  income  than  his  parish  afibrded,  and  he  be- 
came a  book  ogent  for  Matthew  Cary.  The  bible, 
Marshall's  life  of  Wasliington,  and  his  own  pop- 
ular books  he  scattered  over  the  south,  travelling 


•"^ 


WELBY. 

with  nfew  sennons  in  his  knapsack,  that  he  mip;ht 
occaHion ally  preach.  He  had  a  peculiar  extrava- 
gance of  style  ;  but  he  had  encrjfv,  humor,  ])atlio.s, 
and  skill  in  awakening  enthusiasm.  Immedi- 
ately after  the  decease  of  Wasliington,  he  ])ul)- 
lished  a  history  of  his  life  and  death,  virtues  and 
exploits,  dedicated  to  Mrs.  Mqjtha  Washington, 
Feb.  22,  1800.  The  eleventh  edition,  fully  un- 
folded, was  published  of  the  life  of  G.  W.,  1811. 
Afterwards,  he  jjublished  the  life  of  Benjamin 
Franklin ;  the  life  of  William  Penn  j  the  life  of 
Gen.  Francis  Marion.  lie  published  also  God's 
revenge  against  murder,  a  tragedy;  and  various 
tracts.  —  (hjcl.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

WELBY,  Amelia  B.,  Mrs.,  a  poetess,  died 
at  Louisville,  Kj'.,  May  3,  1852,  aged  31.  She 
was  born  in  Maryland  and  married  Mr.  George 
Welby  of  Louisville.  Her  poems  were  published 
in  1850.  —  Cycl.  of  Amer.  Lit. 

WELCH,  Daniel,  minister  of  Mansfield, 
Conn.,  died  suddenly  in  1782,  aged  about  60. 
Born  in  Windham,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1749, 
in  the  class  of  Dr.  Hopkins,  and  succeeded  Mr. 
Throop  in  the  north  society.  His  successors 
were  M.  C.  Welch  and  W.  Ely.  He  had  good 
pulpit  talents,  and  was  beloved  by  his  people  and 
respected  by  a  large  acquaintance. 

WELCH,  Samuel,  the  oldest  native  of  New 
Hampshire,  was  bom  at  Kingston  Sept.  1,  1710, 
and  died  at  Bow  April  5,  1823,  aged  112.  He 
was  always  a  man  of  temperance.  At  the  age  of 
112  he  retained  his  faculties,  and  conversed  on 
the  events  of  past  days.  When  asked,  if  it 
seemed  to  him  that  he  had  lived  so  long,  he  re- 
plied: "O  no,  but  a  little  while."  W^earyofthe 
burthen  of  life,  he  expressed  a  willingness  to  die. 

WELCH,  Moses  C,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Mans- 
field, Conn.,  died  in  1824,  aged  70,  in  the  fortieth 
year  of  his  ministry.  He  succeeded  his  father, 
Daniel,  who  was  a  native  of  Windham,  a  gradu- 
ate of  Yale  in  1749,  and  who  died  in  1782.  Dr. 
C.  graduated  at  Yale  in  1772.  He  studied  law 
and  physic  and  taught  school  for  some  years,  and 
was  ordained  in  1784.  His  son,  Jonathan  A.,  was 
a  lawyer  in  Brooklyn,  Conn. ;  his  son,  Archibald, 
a  physician  of  Hartford,  was  killed  in  the  railroad 
disaster  at  Norwalk.  His  fourth  wife  survived 
him.  lie  was  a  man  of  talents,  of  strong  pas- 
sions, impetuous,  witty,  and  satirical,  a  very  popular 
preacher,  sometimes  in  his  preaching  touching 
on  the  democracy  of  the  day,  which  he  thought 
allied  to  French  atheism.  He  had  a  dignified 
air,  but  was  pleasant  in  private  intercourse. 
Many  pupils  fell  under  his  care.  He  was  the 
friend  of  Samuel  Nott.  He  published  a  sermon 
on  the  death  of  S.  White,  1794  j  of  B.  Chaplin  j 
of  Mrs.  Pond;  of  A.  Miller,  1801 ;  of  Mary  J. 
Salter;  of  J,  W.  Judson;  of  J.  Gurley,  1812 ;  a 
century  sermon,  1801 ;  election  sermon,  1812 ; 
at  the  execution  of  S.   Freeman  for  murder, 


WELD. 


837 


para- 


1S05  ;  to  Windham  association  ;  at  ordination  of 
W.  Andrews ;   and    several  controversial 
phletH. —  Sjirai/iit'n  Aiinaln. 

WELCH,  Thomas,  M.  D.,  died  in  Boston  in 
Feb.,  KS31,  a(;i'd  HO.  Born  in  15.,  he  graduated 
in  1772,  and  served  as  ;•  surgeon  in  the  army. 
The  niaiine  hospital  at  t'harle.stown  was  under 
iiis  care,  and  he  was  alsd  (luarantine  physician  for 
Boston.  He  was  greatly  respected.  — //oa/on 
MeiL  Join:  IV. 

AVELCH,  Saiuii,  Mrs.,  died  in  ?>oston  in 
1850,  aged  101.  She  was  a  native  of  Gloucester 
and  daughter  of  Jonathan  Coatcs. 

WELCH,  AuciiiDAi.D,  M.  I).,  of  Hartford, 
was  killed  by  the  railroad  plunge  into  the  river 
May  0,  1853,  aged  58.  He  was  born  at  Mans- 
field, Vt.,  where  he  practised  physic  twenty  years  ; 
for  the  last  fifteen  ho  lived  in  Wctherstield  and 
Hartford,  in  good  reputation.  He  was  a  son  of 
Key.  M.  C.  Welch,  and  grandson  of  Kev.  Dan- 
iel W.  By  his  mother  he  descended  from  llev. 
W.  WilUams  of  Hatfield,  and  Bev.  J.  Ashley  of 
Deerfield.  He  married  in  1819  Cynthia  Hyde 
of  Lebanon :  two  of  his  sons,  Henry  and  Moses, 
were  graduates  of  Yale. 

WELCOIT,  Nannie,  died  at  Oxford,  Me., 
July  17,  1848,  aged  114. 

WELD,  Thomas,  first  minister  of  Dunsta- 
ble, N.  H.,  died  in  1702,  aged  49.  Born  in  llox- 
bury,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  107 1.  The 
church  was  gathered  and  he  ordained  Dec.  16, 
1C85.  By  his  wife,  Mary  Savage,  he  was  the 
father  of  Rev.  Habijah  W. 

WELD,  Habmaii,  minister  of  Attlcboroiigh, 
Mass.,  died  in  1782,  aged  79.  Born  in  Dunstable, 
he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1723  and  was  ordained 
in  1727,  the  successor  of  E.  White :  M.  Short 
was  the  first  minister.  He  was  succeeded  by  J. 
Wilder.  His  wife  was  Mary,  the  daughter  of 
llev.  John  Fox  of  Wobum :  she  died  aged  92. 
They  had  fifteen  children,  of  whom  Elizabeth 
married  llev.  O.  Shaw  of  Barnstable,  and  Lucy 
married  Rev.  O.  Noble  of  Coventry,  and  Hannah 
married  Caleb  Fuller  of  Hanover.  Mr.  W.'s 
father  was  the  first  minister  of  Dunstable.  He 
had  a  very  loud  and  pleasant  voice,  and  was 
highly  esteemed  as  a  preacher  and  minister,  and 
very  successful.  —  Thacher's  Serm. ;  Sprague. 

WELD,  Ezra,  minister  of  Braintree,  Mass., 
died  in  1816,  aged  80.  Bom  in  Pomfret,  Conn., 
he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1759,  and  was  ordained 
in  1762.  He  was  a  very  faithful  and  useful  min- 
ister. His  predecessors  were  H.  Adams  and  S. 
Niles ;  his  successors  S.  Page,  R.  S.  Storrs,  E.  A. 
Park.  He  published  a  sermon  at  the  ordination 
of  S.  Niles;  on  union,  1794  ;  at  a  fast,  1799. 

WELD,  Lewis,  minister  of  Hampton,  Conn., 
died  in  1844,  aged  78.  The  son  of  Rev.  Ezra  of 
Braintree,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1789; 
was  ordained  in  1792 ;  and  dismissed  in  1824. 


838 


WELD. 


WELLS. 


He  aftcnvardH  preached  at  Fabius,  N.  Y.  He 
died  at  Belleville,  N.  J.,  near  the  reHidcnce  of  his 
■on,  Theodore  1).  W.,  in  full  hope  of  a  blcHsed 
immortality.  His  widow,  Klizabcth,  daughter  of 
John  Clark  of  Lebanon,  Conn.,  died  Aug.  31, 
18o3,  aged  81.  He  was  a  man  of  talcntft  and 
distinguiHhcd  uscfulncsR. 

WKLD,  Lewis,  Rev.,  died  in  Hartford  Dec. 
30,  1853,  aged  67  j  j)rincii)al  of  the  American 
asylum  for  the  deaf  and  dumb.  Born  in  Hamp- 
ton, Conn.,  the  son  of  llev.  L.  W.,  ho  was  a 
graduate  in  1818.  In  1822  he  was  princii)al  of 
the  institution  in  Philadel])liia  for  the  deaf  and 
■  dumb.  As  the  successor  of  Mr.  Oallaudet  in 
the  same  office,  he  lived  twenty-three  years  at 
Hartford,  and  was  successful  and  greatly  respected. 
He  was  unceasing  in  a  regard  to  the  spiritual  in- 
terests of  his  pupils,  as  became  an  enlightened, 
far-looking  Christian.  His  wife  was  Mary, 
daughter  of  Dr.  Mason  F.  Cogswell  of  Hartford. 
He  left  five  children. 

WELDE,  Thomas,  first  minister  of  Roxbury, 
Mass.,  died  in  England  in  1662.  He  was  a  native 
of  England,  and  was  a  minister  in  Essex  before 
he  came  to  this  country.  Refusing  to  comply 
with  the  impositions  of  the  established  church,  he 
determined  to  seek  the  quiet  enjoyment  of  the 
rights  of  conscience  in  America.  He  arrived  at 
Boston  June  5,  1632,  and  in  July  was  invested 
with  the  pastoral  care  of  the  church  in  Roxbury. 
In  Nov.  following,  he  received  J.  Eliot  as  his  col- 
league. In  1639  he  assisted  Mr.  Mather  and 
Mr.  Eliot  in  making  thn  tuneful  New  England 
version  of  the  Psalms.  In  1641  he  was  sent 
with  Hugh  Peters  to  England  as  an  agent  for  the 
province,  and  he  never  returned.  He  was  settled 
at  Gateshead,  but  was  ejected  in  1662.  His 
sons,  Edward,  John,  and  Thomas,  were  ministers  : 
the  two  first  not  in  this  country,  but  Thomas,  of 
Dunstable,  died  in  1702,  aged  50.  He  published 
a  short  story  of  the  rise,  reign,  and  ruin  of  the 
antinomians,  familists,  and  libertines  that  infected 
the  churches  of  New  England,  4to.,  1644 ;  2d 
edit.,  1692 ;  an  answer  to  W.  R.'s  narration  of 
the  opinions  and  practices  of  the  New  England 
churches,  vindicating  those  godly  and  orthodoxal 
churches  from  more  than  one  hundred  impu- 
tations, etc.,  1644.  With  others  he  wrote  the 
])erfect  pharisee  under  monkish  holiness,  against 
the  Quakers,  1654.  —  Sprague. 

WELDE,  Thomas,  grandson  of  Rev.  T.  W., 
was  the  minister  of  Dunstable,  Mass.,  from  1756 
to  his  death  in  1702,  aged  50.  He  was  the  son 
of  Thomas,  a  representative  in  the  general  court, 
atid  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1671. 

WELLES,  Noah,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Stam- 
ford, Conn.,  was  graduated  at  Yale  college  in 
1741,  and  was  ordained  Dec.  31,  1746.  He  died 
about  1776.  Born  in  Colchester,  he  was  of 
Welsh  origin.    By  his  wife,  Abigail  Woolsey,  he 


had  thirteen  children.  He  was  a  theologian  of 
great  distinction,  and  he  took  an  active  pnrt  in 
the  controversy  respecting  an  American  episco- 
pate. He  published  a  discourse  in  favor  of  the 
Presbyterian  ordination  ;  a  vindication  of  the  va- 
lidity  and  divine  right  of  Presbyterian  ordination, 
as  set  foi1h  in  Mr.  Chauncy's  Dudleian  lecture 
and  Mr.  Welles' discourse,  in  answer  to  the  exce])- 
tions  of  J.  Leaming,  1767 ;  a  funeral  sermon  on 
Mr.Hobart,  1773.  —  Sprague. 

WELLES,  Samuel,  died  ot  Paris  Aug.  31, 
1841,  aged  63.  A  native  of  Boston,  he  was 
long  a  well-known  American  banker  in  Paris,  es- 
tablished there  in  1815.  He  was  a  man  of  ability 
and  integrity,  friendly,  hospitable. 

WELLES,  John,  a  rich  merchant,  died  in 
Boston  Se])t.  25, 1855,  aged  90.  He  was  the  son 
of  Arnold  W.,  and  graduated  in  1782,  outliving 
his  class  and  all  preceding  graduates.  He  was 
successively  in  business  with  his  father,  with 
Samuel,  and  with  Benjamin  W.  He  was  a  repre- 
sentative, senator,  and  councillor.  His  summers 
he  spent  on  a  valuable  farm  in  Natick,  which  had 
been  in  possession  of  the  Welles  family  from  the 
days  of  the  apostle  Eliot,  the  teacher  of  the 
Natick  Indians. 

WELLINGTON,  Timothy,  Dr.,  died  of  dis- 
ease of  the  heart,  at  West  Cambridge,  Mass.,  in 
1853,  aged  71.  The  son  of  Timothy  of  Lexing- 
ton, he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1806.  His 
practice  was  extensive  and  successful.  His  son  is 
Dr.  William  W.  Wellington  of  Cambridgeport 

WELLS,  Thomas,  governor  of  Connecticut, 
died  at  Hartford  Jan.  14, 1660,  aged  62.  He  was 
appointed  deputy-governor  in  1654,  and  governor 
in  1655.  His  successor  was  John  Webster.  At 
this  time  the  number  of  rateable  persons  in  the 
colony  of  Connecticut,  as  distinct  from  New 
Haven,  was  only  775.  In  1657  J.  Winthrop  was 
governor  and  Mr.  Wells  deputy-governor.  Hugh, 
the  brother  of  Gov.  AV.,  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  Hartford,  but  removed  to  Hadley  about  1660. 
These  brothers  were  the  sons  of  Thomas,  a 
wealthy  merchant  and  zealous  Puritan  of  Lon- 
don; and  Samuel  Welles  of  Boston  and  Paris, 
and  John  Welles  of  New  York,  were  of  this 
family,  though  the  name  differs  a  little. 

WELLS,  Thomas,  the  first  minister  of  Artr.cs- 
bury,  Mass.,  died  in  1734,  aged  87.  He  was 
the  first  man  who  received  an  honorary  degree 
at  Harvard,  in  1703.  He  was  settled  in  1672. 
His  successor  was  E.  March,  who  died  ngcd  88. 

WELLS,  Thomas  B.,  minister  of  North  Guil- 
ford, Conn.,  died  in  1808,  aged  70,  in  the  forty- 
second  year  of  his  ministry. 

WELLS,  Henry,  Dr.,  a  physician  in  Mon- 
tague, Mass.,  died  in  1814,  aged  72.  Born  in 
New  York  in  1742,  he  graduated  at  the  early 
age  of  fifteen  at  Prhiceton  in  1757.  Before  the 
Revolutionary  war  he  settled  in    Brattleboro', 


WELLS. 

and  thence  he  removed  to  Montague.  He  wan 
widely  con«ul.ed  as  a  phjHician.  Dr.  Uichard 
W.,  late  of  Canandaigua,  was  his  son.  He 
dreHRed  much  like  the  Quakers.  He  wore  velvet 
or  buckukin  umall-clothes,  a  long  vest  with  flaps 
and  pockets,  and  a  broad-brimmed,  low-crowned 
hat.  The  following  anecdote  shows  the  good 
etfect  of  his  cheerfulness  and  facetiousness.  Hav- 
ing sjjent  an  evening  with  a  ])atient  dangerously 
sick,  as  he  went  to  find  his  bed,  the  patient,  being 
inoculated  with  his  good  humor,  sent  a  messen- 
ger to  him  with  a  boot-jack,  "  to  enable  him  to 
pull  off  his  buckskin  breeches."  —  "Go^r^d  tell 
hira,"  said  the  doctor,  "  he  need  be  under  no  fea. 
of  dying  at  present."  —  Williama'  Med.  liiog. 

WELLS,  William  Charles,  Dr.,  died  in 
London  in  1817,  aged  60.  Born  in  Charleston, 
his  father,  a  Scotchman,  was  a  tory,  and  so  was 
the  son.  From  1776  to  1778  he  studied  his  pro- 
fession at  Edinburgh.  From  1780  he  was  in  South 
Carolina  for  some  years  j  but  in  1784  went  to  Eng- 
gland.  He  is  chiefly  known  by  his  experiments  on 
dew.  He  published  a  volume  of  essays  on  vision 
and  dew,  1816 ;  also  some  papers  in  the  philosophi- 
cal transactions;  and  miscellanies.  —  Cycl.  of 
Amer.  Lit. 

WELLS,  WiLLUM,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Brat- 
tlt'boro',  Vt.,  died  in  1827,  aged  83.  He  was 
bom  in  England  in  1744,  and  was  a  minister  at 
Bronsgrove  about  twenty  years.  From  1794  to 
1814  he  was  the  minister  of  B.,  though  not  in- 
stalled ;  then  formed  a  new  church  in  the  east 
village.  In  his  principles  he  was  an  Arian.  He 
was  the  father  of  William  Wells,  a  graduate  of 
Harvard  in  1796 ;  an  excellent  tutor,  afterwards 
bookseller  in  Boston,  still  living.  Dr.  Wells' 
predecessor  at  B.,  the  first  minister,  was  A. 
Reeve,  a  graduate  of  Yale  in  1731,  who  was  set- 
tled in  1770,  and  died  in  1798,  aged  90. 

WELLS,  John  Doane,  M.  D.,  professor  of 
anatomy  and  surgery  in  the  medical  school  of 
Maine,  died  at  Boston  July  2d,  1830,  aged  31. 
He  was  born  in  B.  March  6, 1799;  graduated  at 
Harvard  college  in  1817 ;  and,  having  finished  his 
medical  education  in  Europe,  succeeded  Dr.  Smith, 
and  delivered  his  first  course  of  lectures  in  the 
spring  of  1823.  In  Sept.,  1826,  he  was  chosen 
professor  in  the  medical  school  at  Pittsficld,  and 
lectured  there  four  years.  At  the  close  of  1829, 
he  repaired  to  Baltimore  to  deliver  a  course  of 
lectures ;  and  thence  in  March,  1830,  to  his  post 
at  Brunswick,  Me.  But,  exhausted  by  his  labors, 
he  was  able  to  lecture  only  one  week.  As  a  lec- 
turer on  anatomy,  it  has  been  thought  that  no 
one  in  this  country  was  superior  to  him.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  church  in  Boston,  of  which  Dr. 
Lowell  was  pastor. 

WELLS,  IlUFUS,  the  first  minister  of  Whately, 
Mass.,  died  Nov.  8,  1834,  aged  90.     A  native  of 


WENDELL. 


83& 


Dcerficld,  he  graduated  at  Harvord  in  1704,  and 
wai>  ordained  in  1771.  Ho  was  succeeded  by 
Bates  and  Ferguson. 
^WELLS,  Samikl  W.,  died  at  Salem,  Mass.,  in 
1751,  aged  al)out  48  ;  for  many  y^-ars  a  teacher 
of  navigation.    He  grndur.tod  at  Harvard  in  1H'J3. 

WELL.S,  Daniix,  judge,  difd  at  Cambridge, 
June  23,  1854,  aged  C3,  chief  jnstice  of  the 
common  jdeas.  He  was  appointed  attorney-gen- 
eral in  1H38;  chief  judge  in  1844.  He  was  bom 
in  Greenfield,  where  he  lived  most  of  his  life ;  a 
graduate  of  Dartmouth  in  1810.  His  death  was 
sudden  by  disease  of  the  heart. 

WELSH,  Thomas,  a  physician,  died  in  Boston 
in  1831,  aged  89.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1772;  was  a  surgeon  in  the  Revolutionary  army, 
taking  care  of  the  wounded  at  Lexhigton  and 
Bunker  Hill;  and  subsequently  had  extensive 
practice  in  Boston,  where  he  was  quarantine 
physician,  and  he  was  connected  also  with  the 
marine  hospital  at  Charlestown.  He  was  a  con- 
sulting physician  of  the  Massuchusetts  general 
hospital.  He  published  oration  i>Iarch  6,  1783 ; 
eulogy  on  N.  Gorham,  1796. 

WELSTEED,  William,  minister  in  Boston, 
died  in  1753,  aged  58.  Born  in  Boston,  he  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  in  1716;  was  a  tutor  several 
years;  succeeded  Mr.  Waldron  in  1728  in  the 
new  brick  church ;  and  had  E.  Gray  as  a  colleague 
for  ten  years.  He  was  an  excellent  Christian,  an 
accom])lished  gentleman,  an  exemplarj-  minister. 
He  published  election  sermon,  1751.  —  Sprague. 

WENDELL,  Oliver,  judge,  died  in  Boston 
Jan.  15, 181 8,  aged  85.  He  graduated  at  Harvard 
in  1753.  He  was  a  descendant  of  Evart  Janson 
Wendell,  who  came  from  Embden  to  Albany : 
his  father  Jacob,  a  merchant  in  Boston,  married 
Sarah,  daughter  of  Dr.  James  Oliver  of  Cam- 
bridge. Mild,  benevolent,  exemplary,  faithful  in 
public  life,  he  enjoyed  in  his  failing  years  great 
peace  and  the  hopes  of  a  blessed  immortality 
though  the  ])ropitiation  made  by  Christ.  His  wife 
was  Mary,  daughter  of  Edward  Jackson,  and  her 
mother  was  Dorothy  Quincy.  His  daughter 
Sarah  married  Rev.  Dr.  Holmes,  of  Cambridge, 
and  was  the  mother  of  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes, 
physician  and  poet. 

WENDELL,  John  IL,  general,  died  suddenly 
at  Albany,  while  attended  an  association  of  the 
reformed  Dutch  church,  July  11,  1832,  aged  88. 
He  was  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution.  At  the  be- 
ginning of  the  contest  he  abandoned  the  law  and 
was  a  captain  in  the  army.  He  was  in  the  battle 
of  Monmouth,  and  at  the  surrender  of  Burgojue. 
He  died  under  his  ])aternal  roof;  and  was  long  a 
man  of  pietv. 

WENDELL,  Peter,  died  at  Albany,  Oct.  29, 
1849,  aged  63 ;  the  oldest  physician,  chancellor  of 
the  regents  of  the  university. 


840 


WENTWORTH. 


WERTMULLEIl. 


WENTWORTH,  Wili-um,  nncc^tor  of  the 
Wentworthft  of  New  ]''iiglnnd,  died  at  Dover, 
N.  II.,  about  1090  or  1700,  more  than  80  yearR 
old.  He  wofl  of  I'lxecer  in  1030,  and  was  a  ruling 
older  of  the  church  of  Dover. 

WENTWORTH,  John,  lieutenant-governor 
of  N.  II.,  died  at  Portsmouth  in  1730,  aged  68. 
lie  was  the  son  of  Samuel  of  Portsmouth  or 
Dover,  and  grandson  of  William,  and  was  bom 
in  1072.  He  was  in  office  from  1717  to  1720. 
His  commission  had  annexed  to  it  the  name  of 
Joseph  Addison,  then  secretary  in  England.  His 
administration  was  acceptable  to  the  people ;  but 
in  a  few  years  the  harmony  was  interrupted,  and 
he  had  the  misfortune  also  to  lose  the  favor  of 
Qov.  Belcher.  The  office-seekers  in  those  days 
quarrelled,  as  they  do  now.  He  was  the  father 
of  sixteen  children.  —  Eliot. 

WENTWORTH,  Bennino,  governor  of  New 
Hampshire,  the  son  of  lieutenant-governor  Went- 
worth,  died  in  1770,  aged  74.  He  was  graduated 
at  Harvard  college  in  1715.  After  having  been  a 
member  of  the  assembly  and  of  the  council, 
his  mercantile  business  called  him  to  London, 
where  ho  solicited  and  obtained  the  commission 
of  governor.  He  began  his  administration  in 
174 1  and  continued  in  this  office  near  twenty  years. 
He  was  superseded  in  1767  by  his  nephew,  John 
Wentworth.  He  possessed  strong  passions  and  his 
resentments  were  lasting.  Closely  attached  to  the 
interest  of  the  church  of  England,  in  his  grants  of 
lands,  by  which  he  enriched  himself,  he  reserved  a 
right  in  every  township  for  the  society  for  propa- 
gating the  gospel,  of  which  he  was  a  member. 
Bennington  in  Vermont  has  its  name  from  him, 
and  he  granted  many  other  towns  in  that  State. 
Though  during  his  administration  he  declined  giv- 
ing a  charter  for  a  college  in  New  Hampshire  unless 
it  was  put  under  the  direction  of  the  Bishop  of 
London,  yet  he  afterwards  gave  a  lot  of  five  hun- 
dred acres  of  land  to  Dartmorth  college,  and 
on  this  land  the  college  edifice  was  erected.  He 
co-operated  with  the  assembly  in  giving  to  Har- 
vard college  300  pounds  towards  repairing  the 
library  which  had  been  destroyed  by  fire.  In  his 
appointment  of  civil  and  military  officers  he  was  fre- 
quently governed  by  motives  of  favor ;  but  his  ad- 
ministration in  other  respects  was  beneficial.  He 
was  frequently  visited  by  the  gout,  and  from  these 
visits  he  did  not  acquire  much  patience. 

WENTWORTH,  Joun,  LL.  I).,  governor  of 
New  Hampshire,  died  April  8, 1820,  aged  83.  He 
was  a  descendant  of  W.  Wentworth  of  Dover, 
and  the  son  of  Mark  Hunting  W.,  and  was  born 
in  1736.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
1755.  At  the  ago  of  31  he  was  appointed  gov- 
ernor in  1707  as  successor  of  B.  Wentworth, 
and  remained  in  office  till  the  Revolution  of  1775. 
He  gave  the  charter  of  Dartmouth  college.  He 
was  a  very  acceptable  and  popular  governor. 


In  1702  ho  was  appointed  lieutenant-governor 
and  comm.inder-in-chief  of  Nova  Scotia,  but  was 
succeeded  by  Prcvost  in  1808.  Ho  resided  at 
llalifox,  where  he  died.  His  wife,  whom  ho 
married  in  1760,  was  Miss  Hilton.  He  had  a 
pension  of  600  pounds  per  annum  given  him  by 
the  British  government  in  1808.  He  was  a  man 
of  large  and  liberal  views,  of  sound  judgment, 
and  cultivated  taste.  He  did  much  to  encourage 
agriculture,  cultivating  a  farm  and  building  an 
elegant  house  at  Wolfsboro',  on  the  border  of 
lake  Winnipiseogee. 

WEQUA8II,  sachem  of  the  Niantic  Indians 
in  Connecticut,  died  at  an  early  period  after  the 
settlement  of  Lyme,  and  is  buried  at  the  Chris- 
tian Indian  burying-ground  on  the  west  side 
of  the  bay  near  the  mouth  of  the  Niantic  river. 
His  memorial-stone  says,  "  He  was  the  first  con- 
vert among  the  New  England  tribes."  This  may 
be  a  mistake.  Mr.  Griswold  was  a  missionary 
to  these  Indians.  It  would  be  well  if  some 
measures  were  taken  to  preserve  this  Indian 
grave-yard,  near  the  surges  of  the  boy,  from  dese- 
ccration.  Mr.  Shepard  wrote  concerning  this 
Pequot :  "  Wequash,  the  famous  Indian  at  the 
river's  mouth,  is  dead  and  certainly  in  heaven. 
He  knew  Christ,  he  loved  Christ,  he  preached 
Christ  up  and  down,  and  then  suffered  martyr- 
dom for  Christ."  —  FeWs  Eccl.  Ilist.  N.  E. 

WERAUMAUG,  an  Indian,  was  a  Pootatuck 
sagamore,  who  became  sachem  of  the  Wyante- 
nucks  in  New  Milford.  He  lived  two  miles  below 
the  village.  He  had  a  reservation  of  two  thousand 
acres  in  Washington,  called  the  hunting-grounds 
of  Raumaug.  He  died  about  1735.  Under  the 
watchful  instruction  of  Rev.  D.  Boardman  he 
became  a  Christian,  and  died  such,  though  the 
Indians  with  him  remained  in  heathenism.  In 
1736  a  part  of  his  people  removed  to  Schaghticoke 
and  wore  there  taught  by  the  Moravian  mission- 
aries. Mr.  Boardman  called  him  a  distinguished 
sachem,  of  great  abilities  and  eminent  virtues,  the 
most  potent  prince  in  the  colony. 

•WERDEN,  Peteu,  a  Baptist  minister  of 
Cheshire,  Mass.,  died  in  1808,  aged  80.  He  was 
ordained  at  Warwick  in  1751,  and  removed  to 
Cheshire  in  1770,  and  was  there  pastor  38  years. 
—  Benedict's  Hist.  ' 

WERTMULLEIl,  Adolph  Ulhic,  an  eminent 
painter  of  Philadelphia,  died  near  Marcus  Hook, 
Oct.  5, 1811,  aged  01.  Born  in  Stockholm,  he 
studied  and  pursued  his  profession  several  years 
in  Paris,  and  first  came  to  Philadelphia  in  1794 ; 
but  returned  to  Europe  in  1796.  Losing  a  large 
sum  of  money  by  the  failure  of  others,  he 
returned  to  Philadelphia  in  1800,  and  obtained 
an  income  by  exhibiting  his  picture  of  Danac.  In 
1801  he  married  a  rich  lady  of  Swedish  descent. 
His  last  residence  was  a  farm  at  Marcus  Hook, 
on  the  Delaware.    His  Danae  sold  at  New  York 


WE88ELIIOEFT. 

for  1500  doUara ;  a  umall  copy  at  Philadcliihin 
for  000.  Ilix  picture  of  WaHbington  is  thought 
not  to  bo  accurate. 

WESSELHOEFT,  Robert,  doctor,  died  at 
Lcipsic  in  Nov.  or  Dec.,  1832 :  ho  woh  the  founder 
of  the  Brattleboro'  water-cure  cstabHHhment,  Vt. 
WEST,  Samuel,  D,  1).,  miuister  of  New  Bed- 
ford, Mas*.,  died  at  Tiverton,  It.  I.,  Sept.  24, 
1807,  aged  77,  and  was  buried  at  New  Bedford. 
IIo  was  bom  in  Yarmouth  March  4,  1730,  and 
was  early  occupied  in  the  labors  of  husbandr}'. 
DlHCOvering  traits  of  genius,  a    few  intelligent 
and  good  men  resolved  to  give  him  a  liberal  edu- 
cation,   lie  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college 
in  1754,  having  gained  a  rank  among  the  most 
distinguished  of  his  class.     About  the  year  17G4 
he  was  ordained  at  New  Bedford.    The  year 
1705  awakened  his  attention  to  politics,  and  he 
became  a  whig  partisan.    He  wrote  many  forcible 
pieces  in  the  newspapers.    He  deciphered  the 
letter  of  Dr.  Church.    He  was  a  member  of  the 
convention  for  forming  the  constitution  of  Mas- 
sachusetts and  of  the  United  States;  and  was 
chosen  honorary  member  of  the  academy   of 
sciences  at  Philadelphia,  and  a  member  of  the 
academy  at  Boston.    In  the  latter  part  of  his 
life  his  memory  almost  entirely  failed  him.    lie 
possessed  an  original  mind  of  vigorous  powers. 
During  the  last  thirty  years  of  his  life  he  used 
no  notes  in  preaching.     It  was  his  |)ractice,  when 
he  was  not  in  his  own  pulpit,  to  discourse  upon 
any  text  which  was  pointed  out  to  him ;  and  some- 
times the  most  difficult  passages  would  be  given 
him  for  the  purpose  of  trying  his  strength.    He 
was  not,  however,  a  very  popular  preacher.  There 
were  defects  in  the  tone  and  inflection  of  his 
voice,  and  there  was  a  singularity  and  uncouth 
ness  in  his  manner,  for  which  the  ingenuity  and 
strength  of  his  arguments  could  not  compensate. 
His  manners  were  unpolished;  his  figure  and 
deportment  wei  i^  not  very  attractive  ;  nor  was  his 
temper  very    nia'  and  amiable.    Notwithstand- 
ing his  singulu't-<;6,  no  man  could  accuse  him  of 
the  wilful  violatio.i  of  any  principle  of  moral  rec- 
titude.   He  published  a  sermon  at  the  ordination 
of  S.  West,  1764;  election  sermon,  1776;  at  the 
anniversary  of  the   landing  of  the  forefathers, 
1777 ;  at  the  ordination  of  J.  Allyn,  1788 ;  on 
infant  baptism ;  essays  on  liberty  and  necessity, 
in  which  the  arguments  of  President  Edwards 
and  others  for  necessity  are  considered,  the  first 
part  in  1793,  the  second  in  1795.      To  these 
essays  Dr.   Edwards,  the  son  of  the  president, 
wrote  an  answer,  and  Dr.  West  left  behind  him  a 
reply  almost    completed.     He   maintains  that 
volition  is  not  an  effect,  for  which  a  cause  is  to 
be  sought  in  nature,  or  out  of  man,  but,  being 
the  mind  willing,  is   itself  an  efficient  cause; 
that  human  volitions  are  not  effects,  unless  divine 
volitions  are  effects ;  that  divine  prescience  and 
106 


WEST. 


841 


permiHsivc  decree  do  not  imply  the  necessity  of 
events ;  and  thiit  man  has  a  self-determining 
jmwer,  or  that  he  himself  dctornincs,  though 
acting  with  motives.  He  adopted  Berkeley's  ideal 
theory,  denying  the  existence  of  matter.  The 
following  anecdote  relating  to  his  faith  has  been 
preserved.  At  a  minister's  meeting,  when  Berke- 
ley's scheme  was  discussed,  father  Farrand  of 
Canaan  was  present.  On  coming  away,  it  wai 
discovered  that  Dr.  West's  horse  was  gone. 
"Stolen,"  said  F. ;  "  you  must  advertise  him ;  but 
can  you  describe  him  ?"  W.  replied,  "  I  could 
tell  every  white  hair  on  him." — "  But  have  you  s 
perfect  idea  of  him  ?"—  "  Yes."  —  "  Well,  then, 
saddle  it,  and  ride ! " 

WEST,  Samuel,  D.  D.,  minister  in  Boston, 
died  April  10,  1808,  aged  69.    He  was  bom  at 
Martha's  Vineyard  Nov.  19,  1738.    His  father, 
Thomas  W.,  was  the  colleague  of  E.  Mayhew, 
but  afterwards  removed  to  Ilochester.     He  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1771,  and  soon 
afterwards  was  appointed  clinplnin  at  fort  Pow- 
nall  in  Penobscot,  where  he  had  a  good  opportu- 
nity for  pursuing  his  theological  studies.  He  was 
ordained  minister  of  Needham  April  25,  1764, 
and  was  installed  jiastor  of  the  church  in  Hollis 
street,  as  successor  of  Mr.  Wight,  March  12, 
1789.    He  had  a  lingering  illness  of  several  years. 
He  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  HoUey.    Being  of  a 
mild  disposition,  he  was  never  disposed  to  intol- 
erance, polemical  discussion,  or  acrimonious  cen- 
sure of  others.    He  could  live  in  habits  of  friend- 
ship with  men  whose  opinions  were  opposite  to 
his  own.    His  sentiments  in  the  latter  period  of 
his  life,  it  is  represented,  suffered  considerable 
change.    Having  an  excellent  memor}*,  he  was 
in  the  practice  of  preaching  without  the  use  of 
notes,  though  his  sermons  were  always  the  fruit 
of  deep  study  and  reflection.    He  published  a 
sermon  at  the  ordination  of  Jonathan  Newell, 
1774;  at   a  funeral;  two  fast  sermons,   1785; 
election  sermon,  1786 ;  at  his  own  instalment, 
1789;  at  the  artillery  election,  1794;  at  a  thanks- 
giving, 1795  ;  on  the  death  of  George  Washing- 
ton, 1800 ;  essays  in  the  Columbian  Centinel  of 
an  old  man,  from  Nov.  29, 1806,  to  Aug.  22, 1807. 
WEST,   Benjamin,  LL.  D.,   postmaster    at 
Providence,  E.  I.,  died  in  1813,  aged  63.    He 
was  professor  at  Brown  university  of  mathematics, 
astronomy,  and  natural  philosophy,  from  1786  to 
1798. 

WEST,  Stephen,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Stock- 
bridge,  Mass.,  was  born  in  Tolland,  Conn.,  in 
1736;  was  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1755 ; 
and  ordained  June  13,  1759.  He  died  May  13, 
1819,  aged  83.  Ephraim  G.  Swift  was  his  col- 
league for  a  few  years.  During  his  ministry  of 
nearly  sixty  years,  five  hundred  and  four  persons 
were  admitted  to  the  church,  of  whom  twenty- 
two  were  Indians.    His  predecessor  was  Mr.  Ed- 


^42 


WEST. 


WHARTON. 


irurda.  Ho  is  principally  known  for  hi«  cMay 
on  morn!  ap;cncy,  puhlinhcd  in  1772,  in  which  hii 
metaphyHical  doctrine  i»  the  antlpode  of  that  of 
Dr.  Samuel  Went  of  Now  Bedford.  Ho  main- 
tains that  volition  in  every  case  is  an  effect,  the 
production  of  God's  immediate  agency ;  so  that 
he  represents  man  to  bo  a  passive  instrument,  a 
more  machine.  Yet  he  xpcaks  of  moral  agency 
and  human  liberty,  and  thoHo  as  consiitting  in 
"voluntary  exertion,"  not  in  the  power  of  choice, 
but  in  actual  willing ;  not  reflecting  that  brutes 
have  voluntary  exertion  as  well  as  man.  This 
doctrine,  though  he  was  himself  eminently  pious, 
is  well  calculated  to  destroy  the  sense  of  account- 
ableness  and  to  promote  the  opinions  of  the 
Univorsalists.  He  published  also  a  treatise  on 
the  atonement,  1785;  life  of  Dr.  Hopkins,  1805 1 
and  about  twenty  occasional  sermons  and  tracts. 
—  Bprague, 

WEST,  Benjamin,  died  March  18,  1820,  aged 
82)  a  distinguished  painter,  president  of  the  royal 
academy  in  England.  Ho  was  bom  at  Spring- 
field, near  Philadelphia,  in  1738,  of  Quaker  pa- 
rents. His  taste  for  painting  was  very  early 
indicated.  In  1760  he  went  to  Italy }  thence  to 
Paris,  and  in  Aug.,  1763,  to  London,  where  he 
settled.  He  married  a  Miss  Shcwell  of  Phila- 
delphia. From  1764  for  forty  years  ho  exposed 
his  works  to  the  public  entertainment.  He  in- 
troduced modem  dresses.  Many  of  his  subjects 
were  from  the  Scriptures.  The  catalogue  of  his 
paintings  in  1805  occupied  ten  pages  of  small 
print ;  among  them  are  Death  on  the  pale  horse, 
and  Christ  healing  the  sick. 

WEST,  Joel,  minister  in  Chatham,  Conn., 
died  in  1826,  aged  60,  in  the  thirty-fifth  year  of 
his  ministry. 

WEST,  Nathaniel,  a  rich  merchant,  died  in 
Salem,  Mass.,  in  1851,  aged  96. 

WESTBIIOOK,  Thomas,  one  of  the  Pejop- 
Bcott  proprietors  in  Maine,  died  Feb.  11, 1743-4. 
The  town  of  Westbrook  may  be  named  from  his 
father  or  ancestor.  There  was  a  John  W.  of 
Portsmouth  in  1665. 

WESTERLO,  Elluidus,  D.  D.,  minister  in 
Albany,  died  in  1790.  He  was  a  native  of  Hol- 
land. He  had  just  finished  his  studies  in  the 
tmiversity  of  Groningcn,  when  ho  was  invited  to 
the  Dutch  church  in  Albany.  He  came  to  America 
in  1760.  In  1771  he  readily  imparted  his  aid,  in 
conjunction  with  Or.  Livingston  and  others,  to- 
wards effecting  a  union  of  the  Dutch  churches, 
then  divided  into  parties,  and  he  had  the  happi- 
ness of  seeing  this  object  completed  in  the  fol- 
lowing year.  He  was  highly  popular  and  useful 
as  a  preacher.  He  was  a  man  of  strong  mind, 
of  eminent  piety,  and  of  great  erudition  in  the- 
ology, and  in  oriental  literature. 

WESTON,  Francis,  of  Salem,  a  representa- 


tive in  the  first  general  court  in  1634,  removed 
to  Providence,  and  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  firNt  lln]itist  church  in  America. 

WESTON,  Nathan,  an  early  settler  of  Hal- 
lo well,  Me.,  died  in  1832,  aged  02. 

WESTON,  Daniei,,  minister  of  Gray,  Me., 
died  in  1837,  aged  73.  Ho  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1709. 

AVESTWOOD,  William,  a  respected  early 
settler  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  about  1036,  died  in 
Hadky  April  0, 1660,  aged  62.  He  was  n  nalivc 
of  Essex,  England,  and  came  to  Cambridge  about 
1632.  He  lived  in  Hadley  eleven  years.  His 
daughter,  Sarah,  married  Aaron  Cook,  son  of 
Capt.  A.  C.  of  Northampton.  To  her  he  gave 
his  lands  in  Hartford,  which  were  inherited  by 
her  son,  A.  C.  of  Hartford. 

WETIIERELL,  William,  first  minister  of 
the  second  church  of  Scituate,  died  in  1684,  aged 
84.  Ho  was  of  Cambridge  in  1635,  and  was  pas- 
tor at  S.  from  1045  till  his  death.  He  wrote  an 
elegy  on  Sarah  Cushing  in  1670. 

WETMOUE,  James,  an  Episcopalian  mission- 
ary, died  May  14,  1760,  aged  about  66.  He  was 
graduated  at  the  college  in  Saybrook  in  1714 ; 
ordained  the  first  minister  of  North  Haven  in 
Nov.,  1718 !  but  in  Sept.,  1722,  he  announced  his 
conversion  to  the  Episcopal  persuasion.  This 
was  the  time  at  which  Dr.  Cutler  changed  his 
sentiments.  After  going  to  England  for  orders 
in  1723,  Mr.  W.  was  on  his  return  established 
rector  of  the  church  at  Rye,  in  the  province  of 
New  York,  under  the  patronage  of  the  society 
for  propagating  the  gospel.  In  this  place  ho  con- 
tinued till  his  death.  His  successor  at  North 
Haven,  Isaac  Stiles,  died  on  the  same  day.  Such 
was  his  zeal  for  Episcopacy,  that  he  once  declared 
he  would  rather  join  in  worship  with  a  Jewish 
synagogue  than  with  a  Presbyterian  church.  lie 
published  a  letter  against  Dickinson  in  defence 
of  Waterland's  discourse  on  regeneration,  about 
the  year  1744 ;  a  vindication  of  the  professors  of 
the  Church  of  England  in  answer  to  Ilobart's 
sermon  in  favor  of  Presbyterian  ordination,  1747 ; 
a  rejoinder  to  IlobartV  serious  address  j  an  ap- 
pendix to  Beach's  vindication. 

WETMORE,  Noah,  minister  of  Brookhavcn, 
N.  Y.,  died  in  1796,  aged  76.  He  graduated  at 
Yale  in  1757. 

WETMORE,  Izrahiah,  minister  of  Iluntin^;- 
ton.  Conn.,  died  in  1798,  aged  69.  He  graduated 
at  Yale  in  1748. 

WETMORE,  Leonidas,  captain,  died  in  a 
steamboat  in  Missouri  in  1849.  He  fought  with 
the  Indians  in  Florida,  and  was  in  various  battles 
in  Mexico. 

AVHARTON,  Chaeles  Henry,  D.  D.,  Epis- 
copal minister  in  Burlington,  N.  J.,  died  July  23, 
1833,  aged  86. 


A 


WHAUTON. 

WHARTOX.  Lkh.  M.  I).,  .lird  at  Proviilonco ! 
AiiK-  •!'!  IH<''it  OKi'il  l***  I  a  Hiirgcon  in  the  Itvv- 
oliitioiinrv  army. 

Wmd'l",  or  WHKIXNatiiamki.,  Dr.,  ilictl 
in  MniichcHtvr,  N.  II.,  in  \H,W,  a^cd  71.  Horn 
in  Cimaan,  ho  wan  fifty  yearn  in  the  praotico  of 
hiH  profcMHion,  and  alwnyN  ready  to  vinit  the  poor. 

WIIKATI.KY,  riiiLMH,  apoet,  wnn  a  native 
of  Africa,  und  wan  hrounht  to  America  in  1701, 
when  nho  wan  between  ncven  and  eight  yearn  old. 
Kiiu  noon  acquired  a  knowledge  of  the  Knglioh 
language,  and  made  Rome  progreHH  in  Latin. 
While  8he  wan  a  slave  in  the  family  of  John 
Wheatlcy  in  Uoiton,  »he  wrote  a  volume  of 
])OcmR.  Africa  may  well  boant  that  one  of  her 
daughter*,  not  twenty  year*  of  age,  should  pro- 
duce the  following  line*.  They  are  extracted 
from  the  poem  on  imagination : 

"  ThoiiKh  winter  frownf,  to  fitnny'i  rsntumcl  ojm 
Th«  flolil*  may  flourlah,  »nil  ipiy  wcnm  «rl«e; 
The  tmen  deeps  may  break  their  Iron  lisndi, 
And  bid  their  walen  murmur  o'er  the  undi  j 
Vair  Klora  may  reaume  her  ftragnnt  relKn, 
And  with  her  flowery  richoi  dock  the  plain ; 
Bylvanua  may  dllTuM  bin  honor*  mnnd, 
And  all  the  torwl  may  with  Ivarpa  be  orown'd; 
Bhowcm  may  doHcend,  and  dcwi  their  goma  dbclOM, 
And  nectar  aparklo  on  the  bloomluR  roae." 

She  afterwards  was  married  to  Mr.  Peters,  and 
died  at  Boston  Dec.  6,  1704,  aged  31.  She  pub- 
lished, besides  other  separate  pieces,  poems  on 
various  subjects,  rcligioiu  and  moral,  8vo.,  Lon- 
don, 1773. 

WIIEATON,  Lahan,  judge,  died  at  Norton, 
Mass.,  March  23,  1846,  aged  02.  Born  in  Marsh- 
field,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1774,  in  the 
class  of  Fisher  Ames.  He  studied  both  theology 
and  law ;  for  eight  years  he  was  a  member  of 
congress.  After  the  death  of  a  beloved  daughter 
he  founded,  with  a  part  of  the  property  ho  had 
devoted  to  her,  an  important  seminary,  known 
as  the  Wheaton  female  seminary,  which  ranks 
high  among  similar  seminaries,  and  has  been  very 
useful.  He  was  humble,  lamenting  the  course 
of  his  life.  For  the  last  seventeen  years  he  at- 
tended on  jrthodox  preaching.  — Holmes'  Fun. 
Sermon. 

WHEATON,  Henry,  LL.  D.,  died  in  Rox- 
bury,  Mass.,  March  11,  1848,  aged  67 1  a  native 
of  Providence,  and  a  graduate  of  Brown  in  1802. 
He  was  a  descendant  of  Robert  W.,  a  Baptist 
minister,  an  emigrant,  who  first  settled  in  Salem 
in  the  time  of  Charles  L,  and  then  in  Rhode 
Island.  Having  studied  law,  in  1812  he  was  the 
editor  of  the  National  Advocate  at  New  York, 
and  soon  a  judge  in  the  marine  court.  As  re- 
porter of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States 
from  1815  to  1827,  he  published  twelve  volumes 
of  reports.  In  1837  he  was  minister  to  Prussia, 
where  he  continued  in  high  reputation  many 
years.    On  his  return  he  was  professor  of  inter- 


M'llKKLOCK. 


843 


national  law  at  rnmhridgo.  He  publiahod  a 
tmitiM-  on  tho  Inw  of  rajitunai  ricmcnta  of  in- 
trniational  law;  hkrtili  <.f  iho  hiw  of  nation*  | 
digi'Ht  of  llu' riporlH ;  life  of  W.  I'imkmyi  « 
history  of  the  Nortlimin  i  a  rorrcapondonce  with 
the  dt'pnrtmont  of  Statu  \  and  varioun  addrrue* 
and  diaroiirttra.  —  I'ljil. .,/'  .Imrr.  Lit. 

WIIKATON,  RoiiKUr".  the  Ron  of  Henry.died 
in  lH.i1,  aged  2.1.  lie  had  been  admitted  to  the 
Imr.  There  was  imbliahcd  a  volume  of  aelcction* 
from  hiK  writingH,  in   IWI.  — 'V/.  „/'/l»rt. /,•/. 

WHilATON,  Lkvi,  M.  D.,  died  at  Providence 
Aug.  20, 18.51,  aged  DO.  He  graduated  at  Brown 
univerHity  in  17H2,  and  wa«  op])ointed  prnfcBaor 
of  the  theory  and  practice  of  medicine  in  IHlfi. 

WniU:i,KR,  TiioMAH,  coptain,  died  in  1B78. 
Ho  was  of  Concord,  Mass.,  and  served  in  Phil- 
ip's war.  He  publiHhed  a  narrative  of  hi*  expe- 
dition to  the  Nipmug  country  in  1675,  which  nmy 
be  reod  in  N.  H.  hint.  coll. 

WHEELER,  Hannah,  widow,  died  in  Keene, 
N.  H.,  in  1824,  ogcd  103. 

WHEELER,  Elijah,  minister  of  Great  Bar- 
rington.  Ma**.,  died  in  1827,  aged  53.  Bom  in 
Pomfret,  Conn.,  he  was  for  some  years  an  Infidel 
physician ;  but  becoming  a  Christian,  he  studied 
theology  with  Dr.  West  of  Stockbridge,  and  woa 
a  successful  minister  from  1800  to  1823,  admit- 
ting one  hundred  and  fifty-two  members.  The 
first  minister  was  8.  Hopkins.  —  Sprague. 

WHEELER,  Chahles  8.,  died  at  Leipsio 
June  13,  1843,  aged  25.  A  graduate  of  Harvard 
in  1837,  he  published  an  edition  of  Herodotus 
with  notes. 

WHEELER,  Nelson,  professor,  died  at  Roy- 
alston,  Mass.,  in  1855,  aged  41.  He  was  an  emi- 
nent teacher  in  Worcester  when  he  was  chosen, 
in  1852,  professor  of  Greek  in  Brown  university. 

WHEELOCK,  Eleazar,  D.  D.,  first  presi- 
dent and  founder  of  Dartmouth  college,  died 
April  24,  1770,  aged  68.  He  was  a  descendant 
of  Ralph  W.,  a  native  of  Shropshire,  educated 
at  Clare  Hall,  Cambridge,  and  an  eminent 
preacher,  who  came  to  this  country  in  1637,  and 
settled  first  at  Dedham,  and  thence  removed  to 
Medfield,  where  he  died  in  1683,  aged  83,  leaT- 
ing  numerous  descendants  in  various  towns. 
His  grandfather,  Eleazar  W.  of  Medfield,  after- 
wards of  Mendon,  distinguished  not  only  as  a 
Christian,  but  also  as  a  soldier  in  the  Indian  wars, 
died  in  1731.  His  father,  Ralph  W.,  a  deacon 
of  the  church,  died  at  Windham,  Conn.,  in  1748, 
aged  66 ;  his  mother  was  Ruth  Huntington,  the 
daughter  of  Christopher  H.  of  Norwich.  He 
was  an  only  son,  and  was  bom  in  Windham  in 
April,  1711;  was  graduated  at  Yale  college  m 
1733 ;  and  was  ordained  in  1735  the  minister  of 
the  second  society  in  Lebanon,  where  his  labor* 
were  attended  with  a  remarkable  blessing.  Dur- 
ing the  revival  about  1740  he  preached  with 


844 


WHEELOCK. 


WIIEELOCK. 


frreat  icti  and  effect  in  many  town*  of  New  Eng- 
land.    Yet  he  Kiicci'Mfully  withntood  the  cnthu- 
nioiim  of  the  Scparatinti.     While  ho  had  under 
hi*  care  n  few  Kiixliih  youth,  Harnxon  Occom,  a 
Mohegnn    Indian,  Rolicited   admiNiiion   into  hit 
■cbool  in  Dec,  17-13,  and  waa  received,  and  re- 
mained in  bin  family  five  yonrii.     In  coniicquenco 
of  the  education  of  Occom,  Dr.  Wheclock  wax  in- 
duced to  form  the  plan  of  an  Indian  miNiiionary 
Rchool.     Ho  conceived    that  educated    Indiana 
would  he  more  Nucce«)iful  than  whiten  a*  miNNion- 
nrioa  amonf;  the  red  men.     The  project  wa*  new, 
for  tho  labors  of  Sergeant  and  the  liraiiicrda,  a* 
woll  as  thoRO  of  Eliot  and  tho  MayhewR,  were 
the  labori  of  miNxionarica  among  the  Indiana, 
and  not  labora  designed  to  form  a  band  of  In- 
dian miHionariea.     Two  Indian  boyi  of  thu  Del- 
aware tribe  entered  the  achool  in  Dec,  1704,  and 
others  soon  joined  them.    In  1702  Dr.  \V.  had 
more  thon  twenty  youth  under  his  care.    For 
the  maintenance  of  these  Indians,  funds  were 
obtained  by  subscription  of  benevolent  individ- 
uals, iVom  tho  legislatures  of  Connecticut   and 
Massachusetts,  and  from  the  commissioners   in 
Boston  of  the  Scotch  society  for  propagating 
Christian  knowledge.     Joshua  Moor,  a  farmer 
at  Mansfield,  having  made  a  donation  of  a  house 
and  two  acres  of  land  in  Lebanon,  contiguous  to 
Dr.  Wheelock's  house,  the  institution  received 
the  name  of  Moor's  Indian  charity  school.    Of 
this  school  several  gentlemen  were  associated 
with  Dr.  W.  as  trustees;  but  in  1764  the  Scotch 
Bociety  appointed  a  board  of  correspondents  in 
Connecticut,  who  in  17G5  sent  out  white  mission- 
aries and  Indian  school-masters  to  the  Indians  in 
New  York.    For  the  enlargement  of  this  school 
Mr.  Whitaker,  minister  of  Norwich,  and  Samson 
Occom,  were  sent  to  Great  Britain  in  1766.   The 
money  which  they  collected  for  Moor's  school 
was  put  into  the  hands  of  a  board  of  trustees  in 
England,  of  which  the  Earl  of  Dartmouth  was 
the  head,  and  into  the  hands  of  the  Scotch  so- 
ciety.   As  the  school  increased,  Dr.  W.  deter- 
mined to  remove  it  to  a  more  favorable  location, 
nearer  to  the  Indians,  and  to  establish  in  con- 
nection with  it  a  college  for  instruction  in  all  the 
branches  of  science.    Efforts  were  made  to  in- 
duce Dr.  W.  to  establish  the  college  at  Pittsfield, 
Stockbridge,  and  Albany;  but  larger  tracts  of 
land  being  offered  in  New  Hampshire,  he  con- 
cluded to  transplant  his  school  to  Hanover,  and 
there  to  found  the  college,  of  which  a  charter  was 
given  by  Gov.  Wentworth  in  1769.    It  was  an 
error  not  to  have  located  the  college  at  Pittsfield 
or  Albany,  which  had  offered  a  subscription  of 
about  10,000  dollars.    In  1770  he  procured  a 
dismission  from  his  people,  of  whom  he  had 
been  the  faithful  minister  about  thirty-five  years, 
and  removed  his  school  to  the  wilderness  on  the 
western  border  of  New  Hampshire,  and  there 


also  laid  the  foundations  nf  the  college.  The 
school  was  not  merged  in  the  college,  as  has 
been  itu]>poNed,  hut  it  ever  hns  been  and  is  niIII 
diNtinct,  with  a  separate  inc()r|ioration,  obtuliii'd 
at  a  Nubseqiient  period  from  Xew  llnni|ii<lilrr. 
Of  Moor's  school  the  earl  of  Dartmouth  wiis  a 
benefactor,  but  not  of  Dartmouth  college,  to  tho 
establishment  of  which  he  and  the  other  IruHtres 
of  the  fund  were  opposed,  as  beliiif  a  departure 
from  the  original  dcnign.  It  would  lie  but  nn 
act  of  justice  were  thin  college  called  Wheclock 
college,  or  even  Wentworth  college,  or  I'hillipN 
college,  rather  than  Dartmouth.  The  patriarch 
and  his  family,  pupils,  and  dc|>undantN,  conNisting 
of  about  seventy  souls,  resided  at  first  in  log 
houses  ;  but  tho  frame  of  a  small  two-story  col- 
lego  was  soon  set  up.  Tho  first  commencement 
in  the  college  wos  held  in  1771,  when  four  stu- 
dents graduated,  one  of  whom  was  J.  Whi-elock. 
At  this  period  the  number  of  his  scholars,  des- 
tined for  missionaries,  was  twenty-four,  of  whom 
eighteen  were  whites  and  only  six  Indians.  This 
alteration  of  his  plan  was  the  result  of  experi- 
ence. He  had  found  that  of  forty  Indian  youth 
who  hod  been  under  his  core,  twenty  had  re- 
turned to  tho  vices  of  savage  life.  The  celebrated 
Brant  was  one  of  his  pu])ils.  Among  the  mis- 
sionaries whom  he  employed  were  Occom,  C.  J. 
Smith,  T.  Smith,  T.  Chamberlain,  S.  Kirklund, 
L.  Frisbie,  and  I).  Mc(Mure.  The  Revolutionary 
war  obstructed  in  a  great  degree  the  benevolent 
project  which  had  been  commenced.  After  be- 
ing at  the  head  of  the  college  about  nine  years, 
he  died  in  Christian  peace,  and  was  succeeded  in 
his  office  by  his  son,  John  Wheelock.  Two  of 
his  daughters  married  Profs.  Woodward  and 
Ripley.  His  daughter,  Ruth  Patten,  died  at 
Hartford,  Conn.,  Dec  6, 1831,  aged  01.  His  son. 
Col.  Eleazar,  died  in  Ohio,  suddenly,  about  Jan., 
1812. 

Dr.  Wheelock  was  one  of  the  most  interesting, 
eloquent,  and  successful  ministers  in  New  Eng- 
land. Dr.  Trumbull  describes  him  as  "of  a 
comely  figure,  of  a  mild  and  winning  aspect ;  his 
voice  smooth  and  harmonious,  the  best,  by  far, 
that  I  ever  heard.  He  had  the  entire  command 
of  it.  His  gesture  was  natural  but  not  redun- 
dant. His  preaching  and  addresses  were^  close 
and  pungent,  yet  winning,  beyond  all  comparison, 
so  that  his  audience  would  be  melted  even  into 
tears  before  they  were  aware  of  it."  Besides  his 
constant  labors  in  the  ministry  for  about  forty-five 
years,  he  conducted  his  school  in  Lebanon  about 
thirty  years,  and  then  at  Hanover  had  the  double 
care  of  the  school  and  college  for  nine  years. 
Forest  lands  were  to  be  cleared  and  cultivated, 
various  buildings  erected,  distant  missions  estab- 
lished and  directed,  funds  in  the  difiicult  period 
of  the  war  were  to  be  procured,  and  a  multitude 
of  English  and  Indian  youth  were  to  be  governed 


WIIEELOCK. 

and  ttttinht.  For  cnlnrjjpd  vicw«,  nnd  itnlomiln- 
Itio  cncrtty,  nnd  pcntovrrinK  niiil  moxt  ikntiioiiN 
toiU,  uiid  for  till'  Krrnt  rcniillH  of  liin  liilxirx  in  tlir 
cniiKU  of  ri'liKion  nnd  lcariiin)(,  |)i'rliii|iHno  mun  in 
Amt'ricn  in  more  worthy  of  bring  held  in  lionor 
tliikii  I'.lt'iizar  Wlu'i'lock.  It  wnn  n  noltii?  ('iiri»- 
tiun  njiirit,  imd  not  u  itclHiih  /I'liI,  which  hdvitiumI 
him.  Althou){h  Home  IiuuIh  were  at  Hrxt  nivcn 
him,  yt't  for  hi»  curen  and  hil)orM  nt  lliinover  hr 
n'Ct'ivcd  mt'ri'ly  the  mpnnN  of  milxtiNtunei'  for  hin 
family.  His  whole  life  wan  di-votcd  to  the  ^nod 
of  mankind.  He  pultlinhod  a  nnrrntive  of  the 
Indian  ciinrity  nchool  at  Lehnnon,  1702;  cermon 
at  the  ordination  of  ChorleH  J.  Smith,  1703;  nar- 
rativen  in  itevcral  numl)crN  from  1703  to  1771; 
continuotion  of  the  narrative,  177!J,  to  which  in 
added  an  abstract  of  a  mtHHion  to  the  Delaware 
Indians  west  of  the  Ohio,  by  McCluro  nnd  Frin- 
bio ;  n  sermon  on  liberty  of  conscience,  or  no 
king  but  Christ  in  the  church,  177/S.  His  me- 
moirs, by  Drs.  Mc  Clure  and  Parish,  were  pul)- 
lishcd,  Bvo.  1811,  with  extracts  from  his  corre- 
spondence. —  Sprague. 

WHEELOCK,  John,  LL.D., second  president 
of  Dartmouth  college,  died  April  1,  1817,  aged 
03.  The  son  of  the  preceding,  he  was  born  at 
Lebanon,  Conn.,  Jan.  28,  1754.  After  being  a 
member  of  Yale  college,  .  -  removed  with  his 
father  to  Hanover,  and  graduated  in  the  first 
class  of  four  persons  at  Dartmouth  in  1771. 
Two  of  the  others  were  Frisbie  and  Ripley.  In 
1772  he  was  appointed  a  tutor,  and  was  devoted 
to  the  business  of  instruction  until  the  beginning 
of  the  Revolution.  In  1775  he  was  a  member 
of  the  assembly;  in  the  spring  of  1777  he  was 
appointed  a  m(\jor  in  the  service  of  New  York, 
and  in  Nov.,  a  lieut.-colonel  in  the  continental 
army,  under  Col.  Bedel.  In  1778  he  marched  a 
detachment  from  Coos  to  Albany.  By  direction 
of  8tark  he  conducted  an  expedition  into  the 
Indian  country.  At  the  request  of  Oen.  Gates, 
he  entered  his  family  and  continued  with  him 
until  he  was  recallf^d  to  Hanover  in  1779,  by  the 
death  of  his  father,  whom  he  succeeded  in  the 
office  of  president  at  the  age  of  25.  His  associ- 
ates in  the  care  of  the  college  were  Professors 
Woodward,  Ripley,  and  Smith.  The  trustees  in 
1782  resolved  to  send  him  to  Europe  in  order  to 
promote  the  interests  of  the  college.  With  let- 
ters from  Gen.  Washington,  Governors  Trumbull 
and  Livingston,  and  others,  he  sailed  from  Bos- 
ton Jan.  3,  1783,  and  visited  France,  Holland, 
and  England,  procuring  considerable  donations 
for  the  college  in  money,  books,  etc.  On  his  re- 
turn  in  the  brigantine.  Peace  and  Plenty,  he 
left  Halifax  Dec.  29th,  and  in  the  morning  of 
Jan.  2, 1784,  was  shipwrecked  on  the  bar  off  the 
point  of  Cape  Cod,  losing  his  strong  box,  con- 
taining his  money  and  papers.  Yet  his  voyage 
was  in  various  respects  advantageous  to  the  col- 


WIIEELOCK. 


846 


lege.     His  Inbnrious  duties  were  now  rpsirnied 

HMil  contimi.il  for  mure  than  thirty  yrnrn.  Jlc- 
oidci  nttcndinK  ''"'  dully  riritntions  of  the  urnior 
t'lilnH,  bf  for  muny  yinrn  di'livcred  two  piiliiic  h'C- 
turci*  a  wi'ck  on  tlicolo({y,  and  hi«tory.  ivlnriiig 
"the  extent  of  hit  learning,  tlie  divertilied  pow- 
ern  of  hin  intillict,  and  tlie  irreNimilile  forre  and 
jmlllOM  of  bin  eloijiience."  Ills  lavorite  ttuljeets 
of  inventigation  were  inicllirnm!  phiicnophy, 
ethicH,  polities,  nnd  hintory.  After  faitlifiilly  xerv- 
ing  the  college  thirty-nix  years,  lie  wax  removed 
from  office  l)y  the  truHteen  in  INlfl.  The  r-nusc 
of  this  event  niight  lie  found,  among  other  eir- 
cnmstances,  in  n  local  ercleitiaNtienI  controverwy 
of  long  continuance.  This  event  aroiined  a 
Htrcmg  feeling  of  indignation,  which  induced  the 
legJMlmure  to  jinKH  «n  net  enlarging  the  board  of 
truHtees  and  changing  the  title  of  the  college; 
but  the  oct  wns  ultimntely  declared  unconHtitu- 
tional.  By  the  new  tniHleeK  be  was  restored  to 
office  in  Feb.,  1817.  But  bin  health  wns  by  this 
time  effectually  undermined.  Ilis  wife,  Marin, 
the  daughter  of  Gov.  Suhm  of  St.  Tlumins,  died 
Feb.  10,  1824,  nged  00.  His  only  child,  Maria 
Malleville,  wife  of  President  William  Allen,  died 
at  Brunswick,  Maine,  June  3, 1828,  nged  40.  Ho 
bequeathed  about  half  his  estate,  consisting  of 
sovcrni  houses,  some  wild  lands,  nnd  some 
hundred  acres  of  leased  lands  in  Ilnnover  nnd 
Lebanon,  to  the  theological  seminnry  nt  Prince- 
ton. To  his  family  he  said,  that  "  he  had  noth- 
ing of  his  own;  all  was  the  gift  of  God;  nnd  to 
him  he  would  devote  it.  Trust  in  him  and 
serve  him,  and  he  will  bless  you."  He  died  in 
j)erfect  composure  and  pence,  relying  for  salva- 
tion on  the  atoning  blood  of  Jesus  Christ.  Ho 
prepared  for  the  jjress  a  large  historical  work, 
proposals  for  the  publication  of  which  were  once 
issued  by  a  Boston  bookseller ;  but  the  work  is 
yet  in  manuscript.  He  published  nn  eulogy  on 
Dr.  Smith,  in  1809;  sketches  of  the  history  of 
Dartmouth  college,  1810. 

WHEELOCK,  Edwaiid,  Baptist  missionary  to 
Burmah,  died  on  his  passage  from  Rangoon  to 
Calcutta  in  August,  1849.  His  widow,  Mrs. 
Jones,  died  at  sea  from  Calcutta  in  May,  1831: 
she  had  two  children  of  the  name  of  Jones. 
Mr.  W.,  in  his  ajjplicatlon  to  the  board,  said  : 
"  To  Burmah  would  I  go ;  in  Burmah  would  I 
live ;  in  Burmah  would  I  die." 

WHEELOCK,  Ralph,  captain,  died  at  South- 
bridge,  Mass.,  in  Jan.,  1822,  aged  97. 

WIIEELOCK,  Ephraim,  colonel,  a  veteran  of 
the  Revolution,  died  at  Mcdfield,  Mass.,  in  1826, 
aged  93. 

WHEELOCK,  James  R.,  minister  of  Barre, 
Vt.,  died  in  Boston  Nov.  24, 1841,  nged  51.  His 
father,  James  of  Hanover,  the  son  of  President 
£.  Wheelock,  died  in  1830,  aged  about  CO ;  a 
graduate  of  Dartmouth  in  1776. 


846 


WHEELOCK. 


WIIELPLEY. 


WHEELOCK,  Thomas,  died  at  Winchester, 
N.  H.,  in  1853,  aged  91. 

WIIEELWIUOHT,  John,  the  founder  of 
Exeter,  N.  II.,  died  at  Salisbury,  N.  H.,  in  1079, 
between  80  and  00  years  of  age.  lie  came  to 
this  country  from  Alford,  near  Boston,  in  Lincoln- 
shire. He  was  a  graduate  of  Cambridge.  Eng- 
land, a  friend  of  Ci'omwcll,  an  Episcopal  minis- 
ter until  with  thirty  of  his  brethren  driven  from 
the  church  by  the  tyranny  of  Laud,  and  then 
called  the  Lincolnshire  Nonconformists.  Pur- 
chasing land  of  the  Indians,  he  founded  Exeter, 
N.  H.,  and  carried  out,  as  his  descendants  main- 
tain, the  first  democratic  constitution  on  this  con- 
tinent. Afterwards  he  purchased  five  hundred 
acres  and  removed  to  Wells  (  then  became  the 
pastor  of  Hampton;  and  thence  to  Salisbury, 
where  he  died;  but  the  place  of  his  burial  is  not 
known.  After  being  a  minister  in  England,  he  was 
induced  in  consequence  of  the  impositions  of  the 
established  church  to  come  to  Massachusetts  soon 
after  its  first  settlement.  Having  married  Mary 
Hutchinson,  he  was  a  brother-in-law  to  the  fa- 
mous Mrs.  Hutchinson,  and  partook  of  her  anti- 
nomian  zeal.  He  preaclied  in  Boston  on  a  fast 
day  in  1036,  and  his  sermon  was  filled  with  invec- 
tives against  the  magistrates  and  ministers.  The 
court  of  magistrates  in  return  adjudged  him 
guilty  of  sedition.  As  all  endeavors  to  convince 
him  of  his  error  were  in  vain,  sentence  of  banish- 
ment was  passed  upon  him  in  Nov.,  1637.  In  the 
year  1038,  accompanied  by  several  persons  from 
Braintrce,  where  he  had  been  a  preacher,  and 
■which  was  a  part  of  Boston,  he  went  to  New 
Ham])shire,  and  laid  the  foundation  of  the  church 
and  town  of  Exeter.  The  next  year,  thinking 
themselves  out  of  the  jurisdiction  of  Massachu- 
setts, they  combined  into  a  separate  body  politic ; 
but  in  1042,  when  Exeter  was  annexed  to  Essex 
county,  Mr.  Wheelwright,  being  still  under  the 
sentence  of  banishment,  removed  with  a  part  of 
his  church  to  Wells  in  the  district  of  Maine.  In 
1044  he  was  restored  to  the  freedom  of  the  col- 
ony upon  his  making  an  acknowledgment.  In 
1047  he  removed  to  Hampton,  where  he  was 
minister  for  several  years.  In  1058  he  was  in 
England  and  in  favor  with  Cromwell.  After  the 
restoration  he  returned  to  America,  and  settled 
as  successor  of  William  Worcester  at  Salisbury, 
N.  IL,  where  he  died.  He  was  the  oldest  min- 
ister in  the  colony,  and  was  a  man  of  learning, 
piety,  and  zeal.  An  Indian  deed,  alleged  to 
have  been  given  to  him  in  1629,  and  which  had  a 
bearing  on  the  claims  of  Mason  and  Allen,  Mr. 
Savage  in  his  edition  of  Winthrop  has  shown  to 
be  a  forgery.  His  daughter,  Rebecca,  married 
first  Samuel  Maverick ;  next  William  Bradbury 
of  Salisbury.  Rev.  R.  W.  Clark  of  Portsmouth 
was  a  descendant.  —  Sprague. 
WHEELWRIGHT,  John,  judge,  died  in  Wells, 


Me.,  about  1760,  aged  85.  He  was  the  son  of 
Samuel  of  Wells,  and  the  grandsor  of  Rev.  John 
W.  His  public  services  were  of  grt  at  value.  He 
was  deemed  the  bulwark  of  Massachusetts  against 
the  assaults  of  the  French  and  Indians  on  the 
east.  On  his  gravestone  is  the  figure  of  a  judge 
in  full  wig,  with  flowing  robes.  He  was  the 
great-grandfather  of  Ebenezer  of  Nvwburyport. 

WHEELWRIGHT,  Abraham,  captain*  died 
in  Newburyport  Oct.  9,  1850,  aged  93.  He  and 
his  brothers  were  once  extensive  merchants.  — 
Boston  Adv.,Oct.  16. 

WHEELWRIGHT,  Joseph,  M.  D.,  died  at 
Hcathsvillc,  Va.,  in  1853,  aged  01.  Born  in 
Newburyport,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1811, 
and  was  forty  years  a  physician. 

WHEELWRIGHT,  EBENrai.n,  died  in  New- 
buryport,  Mass.,  Jan.  1,  1855,  aged  91.  He  was 
a  descendant  of  John  W.  His  father  was  Jere- 
miah, who  went  with  Arnold  to  Quebec,  who  was 
a  grandson  of  Judge  John  W.  of  Wells,  Me.,  and 
he  was  a  grandson  of  Rev.  John  W.  He  was  a 
man  of  inflexible  integrity  in  business,  and  a 
venerable  Christian.  Reduced  in  consequence  of 
the  wor  of  independence  to  comparative  poverty, 
yet  his  perseverance  and  energy  enabled  him  to 
bring  up  as  he  wished  a  large  family.  He  had 
judgment,  and  great  benevolence,  and  the  most 
amiable  domestic  virtues.  His  wife,  Anna,  was 
the  daughter  of  William  Coombs,  a  distinguished 
merchant  and  Christian :  she  died  Aug.  4, 1855, 
aged  90.  Of  his  nine  children,  eight  arc  still 
living,  among  whom  Mary,  the  widow  of  Rev. 
Dr.  John  Codman,  is  the  oldest.  His  son  Wil- 
liam furnishes  a  memorable  instance  of  Yankee 
enterprise.  His  name  is  held  in  the  highest  ven- 
eration in  South  America,  where  he  has  lived 
many  years.  He  superintended  and  built  the 
first  railroad  of  any  consequence  in  South  Amer- 
ica, that  from  Caldera,  on  the  seacoast,  to 
Copiapo,  about  latitude  27"  S.  in  Chili,  thence 
to  the  mines.  He  also  organized  the  Pacific 
steam  navigation  company,  and  introduced  water 
and  gas  into  the  city  of  Valparaiso.  Other  sons 
are  Ebenezer  of  Newburyport,  and  Isaac  W.  of 
Byfield,  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin  in  1821 ;  and 
liis  grandson,  Henry  B.  W.  of  Taunton,  is  skilled 
in  the  ancestral  history  of  the  family.         \ 

WHELPLEY,  Samuel,  a  minister,  died  in 
New  York  in  1817,  aged  61.  He  was  born  in 
Berkshure  county,  Mass.,  in  1700.  For  many 
years  he  resided  at  Morristown,  N.  J.,  where  he 
had  the  charge  of  an  academy.  About  1812  he 
removed  to  the  city  of  New  York.  He  had 
acuteness  and  originality  as  a  writer.  He  pub- 
lished the  triangle,  in  defence  of  the  New  Eng- 
land doctrines,  or  against  three  points  of  old 
Calvinism,  2d  edit.,  1831 ;  letters  on  capital  pun- 
ishment and  war ;  compend  of  history ;  lectures 
on  ancient  history. 


WIIELPLEY. 

"WHELPLEY,  PniLir  Mfxanctoon,  miniiiter 
in  New  York,  Bon  of  the  preceding,  was  bom  in 
Stockbridge,  Mass.,  in  1792 ;  received  an  honor- 
ary degree  at  Princeton  in  1815 ;  was  ordained 
over  the  first  Presbyterian  church.  New  York, 
April  23,  1815 ;  and  died  at  Schoolcy's  moun- 
tain July  17, 1824,  aged  31.  He  published  a 
sermon  on  the  landing  of  the  pilgrims  at  Ply- 
mouth, 1822  ;  one  before  the  united  foreign  mis- 
sion society  in  1823. 

WHIPPLE,  Joseph,  minister  of  Hampton 
Falls,  N.  H.,  died  in  1757,  aged  56.  Bom  in 
Ipswich,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1720,  and 
was  ordained  in  1727. 

WHIPPLE,  William,  general,  a  patriot  of 
the  Revolution,  died  Nov.  28,  1785,  aged  54. 
He  was  born  at  Kittery,  Me.,  in  1730 ;  his  mother 
was  the  daughter  of  Ilobert  Cutts,  a  shipbuilder. 
By  several  voyages  to  the  West  Indies  he  acquired 
a  considerable  fortune.  From  1759  he  was  con- 
cerned in  trade  at  Portsmouth.  Being  a  mem- 
ber of  congress  in  1776,  he  signed  the  declaration 
of  independence.  In  1777  he  was  appointed  with 
Stark  a  brigadier-general.  He  fought  at  Sara- 
toga i  and  was  one  of  the  ofiiccrs  who  conducted 
the  prisoners  to  Cambridge.  At  the  time  of  his 
death  he  was  a  judge  of  the  superior  court. 

WHIPPLE,  Joseph,  Dr.,  died  in  Boston  in 
1804,  aged  48.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  medical  society  and  its  secretary,  and  was  a 
good  physician  and  useful  man. 

WHIPPLE,  Abraham,  commodore,  died  at 
Marietta  May  29,  1819,  aged  85.  His  wife, 
Sarah,  sister  of  Gov.  Hopkins  of  Rhode  Island, 
died  in  1818,  aged  79.  Born  in  Rhode  Island, 
he  went  to  sea  in  boyhood :  he  commanded  the 
privateer  Game-cock,  and  in  one  cruise  in  1759  or 
1760  took  twenty-three  French  prizes.  In  the 
frigate  Providence,  in  1778,  he  escaped  from  the 
blockaded  harbor  and  carried  dispatches  to 
France,  for  which  serrice  Washington  wrote  him 
a  complimentary  letter.  At  the  capture  of 
Charleston  in  1780  he  was  taken  prisoner,  and 
remained  such  to  the  end  of  the  war.  In  1784 
he  commanded  the  first  vessel  that  unfurled  our 
flag  in  the  Thames.  In  1788  he  emigrated  to 
Ohio.  His  daughters  married  Col.  E.  Sproat, 
and  Dr.  Comstock  of  Smithfield.  His  life  was 
written  by  Dr.  Hildreth. 

WHIPPLE,  William,  an  officer  of  the  army 
and  navy,  died  at  Providence  in  July,  1820,  aged 
07". 

WHIPPLE,  Edwards,  died  in  Shrewsbury, 
Mass.,  Sept.  22,  1822,  aged  44.  Born  in  New 
Braintree  in  1778,  he  graduated  at  Williams  col- 
lege in  1801 J  was  settled  in  Charlton  in  1804,  and 
dismissed  in  1821  j  and  installed  Sept.  26, 1821, 
in  Shrewsbury,  where  he  lived  only  a  year.  — 
Nelson's  Sermon  on  his  Death. 
WHIPPLE,  Solomon,  colonel,  died  in  Cum- 


WniTCOMB. 


847 


berland,  R.  I.,  in  1824,  aged  87.  He  was  an 
officer  of  the  Revolution.  His  farm  was  onco 
the  residence  of  Mr.  lilackstonc,  the  original 
proprietor  of  Boston.  Pawtucket  river  from 
Whipple's  bridge  is  called  Blackstone  river. 

WHIPPLE,  Thomas,  Dr.,  died  at  Wcntworth, 
N.  H.,  in  1835,  aged  60.  He  was  a  member  of 
congress. 

WHISTLER,  George  W.,  colonel,  died  at 
St.  Petersburg  Ajjril  7,  1849;  chief  engineer  of 
the  Petersburg  and  Moscow  railroad.  A  grad- 
uate of  West  Point,  he  devoted  himself  to  civil 
engineering.  He  was  chief  engineer  of  the  rail- 
road between  Boston  and  Albany.  In  1842  he 
went  to  Russia :  the  great  railroad  was  com- 
pleted a  year  after  his  death. 

WHITAKER,  Nathaniel,  I).  I).,  first  minis- 
ter of  Chelsea  in  Norwich,  Conn.,  died  in  March, 
1795,  oged  about  85.    He  was  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1730,  and  was  installed  at  Norwich  Feb. 
15,   1761.     In  1766  Mr.  Wheelock  employed 
him  to  go  to  England  with  Samson  Oceom,  to 
solicit  aid  for  Moor's  Indian  school.    He  was  dis- 
missed in   1772;   his    successors  were  Judson, 
King,  Hooker,  Mitchell,  and   Dickinson.     As 
the  pastor  of  the  third  church  in  Salem,  Mass., 
he  was  installed    July  28,  1769;   but  after  a 
few  years'  service  he  was  dismissed   in  1784, 
and  was  installed  at  Norridgewock,  Me.    He 
died  in  Virginia.    He  published  a  sermon  at  or- 
dination of  C.  J.  Smith,  1703 ;  on  the  death  of 
Wliitelield;  two  sermons  on  reconciliation,  1770} 
confutation  of  Wise's  churches' quarrel,  etc.,  1774  J 
sermon  against  toryism,  1777;  two  sermons,  at 
the  beginning  and  end  of  the  Revolutionary  war; 
history  of  the  third  church,  1784. 

WHITAKER,  Jonathan,  minister  of  Sharon, 
Mass.,  died  at  Henrietta,  N.  Y.,  in  1835,  aged 
64.  Born  in  Salem,  he  graduated  at  Harvard 
in  1797  ;  was  pastor  from  1799  to  1816,  in  which 
year  he  was  installed  at  New  Bedford  as  successor 
of  E.  Randall,  of  the  united  parish,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  O.  Dewey  in  1823,  then  by  J.  Angier 
and  E.  Peabody.  He  published  a  sermon  before 
a  bible  society,  1818. 

WHITCOAT,  Richard,  one  of  the  bishops 
of  the  Methodist  church  in  America,  died  in  1806, 
at  Dover,  1  )elaware. 

WHITCOMB,  John,  a  Revolutionary  pen- 
sioner, died  at  Swauzcy,  N.  IL,  in  1835,  aged 
103. 

WHITCOMB,  John  P.,  general,  died  at  Har- 
vard, Mass.,  April  21,  1847,  aged  50;  a  man  of 
extensive  business,  widely  known  and  respected. 
He  had  been  a  prominent  advocate  of  the  tem- 
perance cause. 

WHITCOMB,  James,  governor  of  Indiana, 
died  at  New  York  Oct.  4,  1852,  aged  60.  He 
was  a  senator  of  the  United  States,  and  vice- 
president  of  the  American  bible  society. 


848 


WHITE. 


WHITE. 


WHITE,  William,  one  of  tho  one  hundred 
pilgrims  in  the  Mayflower  to  Plymouth  in  1620, 
died  Boon,  Feb.  21,  1621.  Edward  Thompson, 
his  servant,  died  at  Cape  Cod  Dec.  4,  and  never 
reached  Plymouth.  Mr.  White's  widow  in  less 
than  three  months  after  his  death  married  Ed- 
ward Winslow,  whose  wife  died  March  24.  His 
descendants  were  numerous.  His  was  the  first 
child  bom  in  New  England. 

WHITE,  Peregrine,  the  first  Englishman 
bom  in  New  England,  was  bora  on  board  the 
Mayflower  in  the  harbor  of  Cape  Cod,  before 
the  landing  at  Plymouth,  about  Nov.  20,  1620, 
and  died  at  Marshfield  July  20,  1704,  aged  84. 
He  was  the  son  of  William  and  Susanna  White. 
The  News-Letter  of  1704  says  :  "  He  was  vig- 
orous and  of  a  comely  aspect  to  the  last."  He 
bore  civil  and  military  offices.  The  court  gave 
him  two  hundred  acres  of  land  in  consideration 
of  his  birth.  A  monument  was  proposed  in  1854. 
P.  White's  daughter,  Sarah,  married  Thomas 
Young  of  Scituatc,  and  reached  the  age  of  92. 
His  father  died  Feb.  21,  and  his  mother  made 
good  haste  to  marry,  May  12, 1621,  Edward  Wins- 
low,  who  was  in  still  greater  haste. 

WHITE,  John,  minister  of  Gloucester,  Mass., 
was  graduated  at  Cambridge  in  1698,  and  died  in 
1760,  aged  83.  He  published  a  book,  entitled 
New  England's  lamentations,  in  1734,  recom- 
mended by  Thacher,  Sewall,  Prince,  Webb, 
Cooper,  and  Thacher. 

WHITE,  Ebenezer,  first  minister  of  Mans- 
field, Atass.,  died  in  1761,  aged  47.  Bom  in 
Brookline,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1733,  and 
was  ordained  in  1737.  His  successor  was  R. 
Green,  who  died  in  1808,  at  the  age  of  70. 

WHITE,  Thomas,  the  first  minister  of  Bolton, 
Conn.,  died  in  1763,  aged  about  63.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  in  1720,  and  was  settled  in  1725. 
O.  Colton  succeeded  him. 

WHITE,  Timothy,  a  minister  at  Nantucket, 
died  in  1765,  aged  63.  He  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1720. 

WHITE,  David,  first  minister  of  Hardwick, 
Mass.,  died  in  1784,  agod  74.  He  graduated  at 
Yale  in  1730,  and  was  settled  in  1736.  T.  Holt, 
his  successor,  reached  the  same  age.  Mr.  W. 
was  esteemed  and  very  useful,  and  lived  as  pas- 
tor nearly  fifty  years  harmoniously  with  his 
people. 

WHITE,  Stephen,  minister  of  Windham, 
Conn.,  died  in  1793,  aged  75,  in  the  fifty-third 
year  of  his  ministry.  Born  in  Middletown,  he 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1736,  and  succeeded  president 
Clap  at  Windham,  1740.  By  his  wife,  a  sister  of 
E.  Dyer,  he  had  thirteen  children.  He  was  a 
scholar,  a  Christian,  an  able  and  judicious  divine. 
He  published  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  Gov. 
Trumbull,  1778. 


WHITE,  Haffield,  major,  diet!  !;t  Wolf 
creek  near  Marietta.  A  native  of  I^r  s  Mass., 
he  was  an  officer  in  1775.  In  1  <?;  removed 
to  Ohio.  After  the  peace  of  1795  .  ;  lived  with 
his  son.  —  Ilildreth. 

WHITE,  Alexander,  a  distinguished  mem- 
ber of  the  first  congress,  died  at  Woodville,  Va., 
in  1804,  aged  66.  He  was  a  man  intelligent,  elo- 
quent, patriotic. 

WHITE,  Samuel,  a  senator  of  Delaware, 
died  at  Wilmington  Nov.  4, 1 809,  aged  39.  From 
March,  1801,  he  was  a  senator  till  his  death. 
The  following  facts  may  illustrate  the  times  a 
little.  In  his  speeches  he  laid  his  hat  on  tho 
bench  before  him,  and  his  copious  brief  behind 
his  hat.  On  the  trial  of  Judge  Pickering,  he 
said,  "  The  accused  is  in  default,  not  in  contempt 
of  court,  but  under  the  awful  visitation  of  God  ; 
and,  as  he  is  deranged,  our  proceedings  scarcely 
deserve  the  name  of  a  mock  trial."  Wilson  Carey 
Nicholas,  of  Va.,  here  called  out, "  Order,  order, 
order !  I  will  not  submit  to  hear  our  i)roceedings 
called  by  the  name  of  a  mock  trial."  Mr.  W. 
said  to  the  president:  "lam  in  order,  sir, —  I 
repeat  it,  sir,  it  is  a  mock  trial.  I  have  no 
wish  to  ofiiend ;  but  if  that  gentleman  is  ofiended, 
I  am  ready  to  give  him  satisfaction  at  any  time 
and  place."  It  does  not  appear  that  the  presi- 
dent gave  any  rebuke  at  this  ofier  before  the  sen- 
ate to  fight  a  duel.  Mr.  W.  was  so  blinded  as 
to  think  duelling  justifiable ;  and  was  second  to 
Gardiner  in  his  duel  with  Campbell.  Yet  he 
was  a  man  of  sense,  of  integrity,  of  polished 
manners,  of  excellent  temper }  cards  and  games 
of  hazard  he  detested.  He  was  zealously  opposed 
to  the  slave  trade.  He  was  himself  what  is  called 
a  dead  shot.  He  and  his  colleague,  William  W. 
Wells,  practised  in  this  way :  one  would  hold  a 
shingle  in  his  hand,  and  the  other  five  or  six  paces 
distant  would  shoot  a  ball  through  it.  Then,  one 
would  fall  on  his  knees  and  set  a  shingle  up 
edgeways  on  his  head,  and  the  other  would  shoot 
as  before.  My  informant,  a  senator,  once  saw 
this  experiment.  Had  Mr.  W.  been  married,  he 
might  have  deemed  his  life  of  more  value  than 
he  held  it  as  a  duellist. 

WHriE,  Hugh,  judge,  the  first  settler  of 
Whitestown,  N.  Y.,  died  in  1812,  aged  80.  He 
was  a  citizen  of  Middletown,  Conn.,  when  he 
emigrated  with  his  family  in  1784  to  the  Mohawk 
river  at  W.,  that  region  being  then  the  abode  of 
savages.  He  lived  to  see  the  western  wilderness 
of  New  York  occujjied  by  about  300,000  inhabi- 
tants, being  a  greater  population  than  that  of  hi^ 
native  State. 

WHITE,  Joshua  E.,  a  physician,  was  a  native 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  died  at  Savannah  August 
25, 1820.  He  published  letters,  being  a  journal 
of  travels  in  England,  etc.,  2  vols.  8vo.,  1812. 


WHITE. 

WHITE,  Mrs.,  widow  of  Henry  White,  died 
in  New  York  in  183(5,  aged  9'J  ;  the  daughter  of 
Gov.  Van  Courtlnndt. 

WHITE,  Levi,  minister  of  Sandisfiehl,  Mass., 
for  tliirty  years,  died  at  Gull  Prairie,  Mich.,  in 
1830,  aged  65.  Horn  in  Kandoljjh,  he  graduated 
at  Uartmouth  in  179(5,  and  was  ordained  in  1798. 
He  admitted  into  the  church  three  hundred  and 
thirtv-nine  members. 

WHITE,  William,  D.  D.,  bishop  of  the  Pro- 
testant Episcopal  church  of  Pennsylvania,  died  at 
Philadelphia  July  17,  1836,  aged  88.  He  was 
horn  at  Philadelphia  April  4,  1748,  and  educated 
at  the  university.  In  1770  he  rejjaircd  to  Eng- 
land, and  was  ordained  deacon  and  priest  l)y  Dr. 
Young,  bishop  of  Norwich.  On  his  return  to 
Philadelphia,  in  Sept.,  1772,  he  was  settled  as 
an  assistant  minister  of  Christ  church  and  St. 
Peter's  church.  In  the  Revolutionary  war  he 
was  chaplain  to  congress.  When  chosen  bishop 
in  1786  there  were  only  three  of  his  brethren 
present,  to  give  him  their  votes.  He  and  Bishop 
Provoost  of  New  York  were  consecrated  in  Eng- 
land by  Archbishop  Moore,  Feb.  4, 1787.  For  the 
rest  of  his  long  life  he  performed  the  duties  of 
pastor  and  bishop  with  ability,  i)rudence,  and 
zeal,  being  held  by  his  fellow-citizens  in  high 
respect.  For  a  long  time  he  was  senior  and  ])rc- 
siding  bishop.  At  the  time  of  his  death  about 
thirty-two  bishops  had  been  consecrated :  Bisho|) 
Seabury  in  Scotland  in  1784 ;  Bishop  Madison  in 
1790  in  England ;  almost  all  the  others  by  Bishop 
White.  He  was  a  voluminous  author.  He  pub- 
lished memoirs  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
church  in  the  United  States,  1820  ;  comparative 
views  of  the  controversy  between  the  Calvinists 
and  Arminians ;  lectures  on  the  catechism ;  and 
commentaries  on  the  ordination  service. 

WHITE,  David,  missionary  to  Africa,  died  at 
Cape  Palmas,  Jan.  23, 1837,  aged  29.  His  wife, 
Helen  M.  Wells  of  Newburg,  N.  Y.,  died  Jan.  27  ; 
both  of  the  fever.  He  was  a  native  of  Pittsfield, 
Mass.;  graduated  at  Union  college,  1851;  and 
studied  theology  at  Princeton.  His  zeal  for  the 
spread  of  the  gospel  carried  him  to  the  post  of 
danger,  where  he  had  been  only  a  few  weeks  when 
he  died.  In  his  preaching  by  an  interpreter,  the 
Sabbath  before  he  was  taken  sick,  he  told  the 
people  it  might  be  the  last  time  they  would  hear 
his  voice,  and  asked  them  what  message  he  should 
carry  to  the  courts  of  heaven  ?  They  heard  him 
with  emotion. 

WHITE,  Hugh  Lawson,  a  senator  of  the 
United  States  from  Tennessee,  died  near  Kno.x- 
villu  A]>ril  10,  1840,  aged  67 ;  a  distinguished 
lawyer  and  statesman. 

WHITE,  Henuy,  M.  D.,  died  in  Southamp- 
ton, L.  I.,  Dec.  23,  1840,  aged  90.    He  was  the 
son  of  Rev.  Libanus  White,  fifty-four  years  the 
minister  of  S.    In  the  Revolutionary  army  he 
107 


wnrrEFiELD. 


849 


was  a  surgeon.  Captured  in  a  privateer,  he  for 
seven  months  knew  the  horrors  of  the  "  Jersey" 
l)rison-sliip.  For  thirty-eight  yotrs  he  was  a 
ruling  elder  in  the  church. 

WHITE,  Thomas  W.,  died  at  Richmond,  Va., 
in  1843,  aged  55 ;  editor  of  the  Southeni  Literary 
Messenger. 

WHITE,  RoBF.UT,  jud)fc,  died  in  Nashville, 
Tenn.,in  1844,  aged  78.  He  came  from  Gallo- 
way, Scotland,  aliout  1794,  and  settled  in  Vir- 
ginia. He  was  a  judge  of  the  court  of  errors  and 
appeals  in  Tennessee. 

WHITE,  Joiix,  judge,  speaker  of  the  house 
of  representatives,  in  a  fit  of  depression  shot 
himself  in  Richmond,  Ky.,  Sept.  22,  1845. 

WHITE,  EinVARi)  D.,  governor  of  Louisiana, 
died  in  1847.  He  was  twice  a  member  of  con- 
gress, resjiected  and  very  popular. 

WHITE,  Lkoxard,  died  in  Haverhill,  Mass., 
in  1849,  aged  82;  a  venera1)le  citizen,  who  had 
filled  various  offices  and  had  been  a  member  of 
congress.  He  was  in  the  class  at  Harvard  of  his 
friend  J.  Q.  Adams,  in  1787. 

WHITE,  IlKNRV,  ]).  D.,  died  in  New  York, 
Aug.  25,  1850,  aged  50;  i)rofessor  of  theology  in 
the  Union  theological  seminary. 

WHITE,  William,  a  Presbyterian  minister, 
died  in  Liberty  co.,  Ga.,  Feb.  1,  1851,  aged  91. 
WHITE,  John,  minister  in  Dedham,  Mass., 
died  Feb.  1,  1852,  aged  64.  The  son  of  Deacon 
John  of  Concord,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1805.  He  was  ordained  over  the  third  parish  in 
D.  in  1814.  His  predecessors  were  J.  Dwight, 
A.  Tyler,  and  T.  Thacher. 

WHITE,  IIe.\ry,  died  in  1846,  in  Christiana 
village,  Delaware ;  a  very  aged  Methodist  min- 
ister. 

WHITEFIELD,  George,  an  eloquent  itiner- 
ant preacher,  died  at  Newburyport  Sept.  30, 
1770,  aged  55.  He  was  born  in  Gloucester,  Eng., 
Dec.  10,  1714.  After  having  made  some  pro- 
gress in  classical  learning,  he  was  obliged  to  as- 
sist his  mother,  who  kept  an  inn,  in  her  business  ; 
but  at  the  age  of  18  he  entered  one  of  the  col- 
leges at  Oxford.  Here  he  became  acquainted 
with  John  and  Charles  Wesley,  whose  piety  was 
ardent  ond  singular,  like  his  own.  From  the 
strict  rules  and  methods  of  life  which  these  young 
men  followed  they  were  called  Methodists,  ond 
they  were  the  founders  of  the  sect  thus  denomi- 
nated. His  benevolent  zeal  led  him  to  visit  the 
poor,  and  even  to  search  out  the  miserable  objects 
in  goals,  not  only  to  diminish  their  wants,  but 
that  he  might  Impart  to  them  the  consolations 
and  hopes  of  the  gospel.  He  took  orders,  being 
ordained  by  the  bishop  June  20,  1736,  and 
preached  his  first  sermon  in  the  church  at  Glouces- 
ter. When  a  complaint  was  afterwards  entered 
with  the  bishop  that  by  his  sermon  lie  drove  fifteen 
persons  mad,  the  worthy  prelate  only  expressed 


850 


WHITEFIELD. 


WHITFIELD. 


a  wish  that  tho  madness  might  not  be  forgotten 
before  the  next  Sunday.  After  preaching  at  vari- 
ous places  he  was  induced  by  a  letter  from  Mr. 
Wesley,  who  was  in  Georgia,  to  embark  for  Amer- 
ica. Ho  arrived  at  Savannah  May  7, 1 738.  After 
laboring  in  this  place  with  unwearied  fidelity  for 
several  months  to  promote  the  interests  of  religion, 
he  embarked  for  England  Sci)t.  6th.  He  was 
ordained  priest  at  Oxford  by  Bishop  Benson,  Jan. 
14,  1739.  In  Nov.  he  again  arrived  in  America, 
and  he  travelled  through  the  middle  and  southern 
colonies,  dispensing  the  gospel  to  immense  mul- 
titudes. In  Sept.,  1740,  he  arrived  at  Rhode 
Island  from  Savannah,  having  been  invited  by 
the  ministers  of  Boston,  and  he  preached  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  New  England.  At  the  end  of 
Oct.  he  went  to  New  York,  and  he  soon  returned 
to  Georgia.  He  was  much  occupied  in  the  es- 
tablishment of  an  orphan  house  near  Savannah. 
In  Jan.,  1741,  he  sailed  for  England.  He  arrived 
again  in  America  in  Oct.,  1744 ;  and  he  now  spent 
between  three  and  four  years  in  this  country.  In 
March,  1748,  he  went  to  the  Bermudas,  and  in 
July  he  reached  London.  Having  crossed  the 
Atlantic  for  the  fourth  time,  he  arrived  at 
Savannah  Oct.  27,  1751,  and  returned  to  his 
native  countr}'  in  April,  1752.  In  his  fifth  visit  to 
the  new  world  he  remained  here  from  May,  1754, 
to  March,  1755.  His  sixth  voyage  brought  him 
to  Virginia  in  Aug.,  1763,  and  he  did  not  set  sail 
again  for  Great  Britain  till  June,  1765.  For  the 
seventh  and  last  time  his  zeal  to  do  good  induced 
him  to  brave  the  dangers  of  the  ocean,  and  he 
landed  upon  the  American  shore  Nov.  30,  1769, 
never  again  to  leave  it.  After  preaching  in 
various  parts  of  the  country,  he  died  suddenly  at 
Newburyport,  Mass.  Few  men  since  the  days 
of  the  apostles  have  labored  with  such  indefatiga- 
ble zeal  in  preaching  the  gospel  of  salvation,  as 
Mr.  W.  He  was  the  means  of  imparting  the 
pure  principles  and  the  elevated  hopes  of  reli- 
gion to  thousands  both  in  Great  Britain  and 
America.  No  preacher  ever  had  such  ostonish- 
ing  power  over  the  passions  of  his  auditory,  or 
was  attended  by  such  multitudes  as  he  some- 
times addressed  in  the  fields.  Mr.  Jotham  Sew- 
all  stated  that  Mr.  W.  died  on  Sunday,  and  that 
on  Thursday  before  he  heard  him  preach  at  York, 
Me.,  on  the  text,  "  I  am  the  way,  the  truth,  and 
the  life."  In  his  sermon  he  said :  "  How  can 
you  be  saved?  By  works.  By  works!  (strik- 
ing the  desk  with  great  force  with  his  hand.) 
Should  you  see  a  man  making  a  rope  of  sand, 
with  which  to  climb  to  the  moon,  would  you  not 
deem  him  a  fool  ?  So  is  the  man  who  would  be 
saved  by  works."  He  also  said:  "In  ancient 
Rome  a  man  was  accused  of  a  capital  crime,  and 
brought  into  court, —  when  his  brother,  who  had 
lost  both  his  hands  in  war  for  his  country,  presented 
himself  before  tho  judgos  and  lifted  up  both  the  | 


stumps  of  his  arms  [lifting  up  liis  hands  with  his 
fists  closed],  and  said  nothing.  Instantly  liis 
brother  for  his  sake  was  set  free,  uncondemnetl. 
So  Christ  in  heaven  only  lifts  up  his  pierced 
hrnds,  and  thus  intercedes  effectually  for  sinners." 
In  the  early  periods  of  his  life  he  was  guilty  in 
some  instances  of  uncharitableness  and  indiscre- 
tion ;  but  he  afterwards  had  the  magnanimity  to 
confess  his  fau't.  He  was  in  reality  a  man  of  a 
very  liberal  and  catholic  spirit,  for  he  had  litlle 
attachment  to  forms,  and  embraced  all  who  loved 
the  Lord  Jesus  in  sincerity.  His  life  was  spent 
in  most  disinterested  and  benevolent  exertion. 
The  following  lines  will  show  the  opinion  which 
was  formed  of  his  character  by  the  evangelical 
poet,  Cowper : 

"  Ho  lOTcd  the  world  that  hated  him  ;  the  tear  > 

That  dropp'd  upon  bis  bible  was  tincero  ; 
Asaail'd  b;  scandal  and  the  tongue  of  itrife, 
Ilia  only  answer  was  a  blamcicas  life, 
And  he  that  rnrg'd,  and  he  that  threw  the  dart, 
Ilad  each  a  brother's  interest  in  his  heart. 
Paul's  lore  of  Christ  and  steadiness  unbrib'd 
Were  copied  close  in  Iiim,  and  well  transcrib'd; 
Uo  foUow'd  Paul,  his  leal  a  kindred  Home, 
Uis  apostolic  chnrlty  the  same; 
Like  him  cross'd  cheerfully  tempestuous  seas, 
Forsaking  country,  kindred,  friends,  and  case; 
Like  him  he  labor'd,  and  like  him  cuntent 
To  bear  It,  sulfer'd  shame  where'er  he  wont. 
Blush,  calumny !  and  write  upon  his  tomb. 
If  honest  eulogy  can  spare  thee  room. 
Thy  deep  repentance  of  thy  thouxand  lies, 
Which,  alm'd  at  him,  hare  pierc'd  tb'  offended  skies; 
And  say,  blot  out  my  sin,  confess'd,  dcplor'd, 
Against  tliiue  image  In  thy  saint,  0  Lord?" 

His  letters,  sermons,  controversial  and  other 
tracts,  with  an  account  of  his  life,  were  published 
in  seven  volumes,  8vo.  1771.  —  Qillies' Life  of 
W.;  Middleton's  Biog.  Evang.;  Parsons',  Pem- 
berton's  and  Wesley's  Sermons. 

WHITEHEAD,  James,  D.  D.,  minister  in 
Norfolk,  Va.,  and  in  Baltimore,  died  about 
1808. 

WHITE-HEAD,  Decari  or  Schachipkak.\, 
chief  of  the  Winnebago  Indians,  on  Wisconsin 
river,  died  April  20,  1836,  aged  89. 

WHITEIIILL,  Joii.v,  judge,  died  at  Pequea, 
Lancaster  county,  Penn.,  in  1815,  aged  94.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  council  of  safety  and  of 
congress,  and  an  associate  judge  of  Lancaster 
county. 

WHITFIELD,  Heney,  first  minister  of  Guil- 
ford, Conn.,  died  in  AVinchester,  England,  after 
1650.  He  was  born  in  England  in  1597,  the 
son  of  a  rich  lawyer,  and  was  settled  at  Okely 
in  Surrey  before  he  came  to  this  country  in  1G39. 
He  continued  at  Guilford  until  1650,  when  he 
rettu-ned  to  his  native  country,  and  finished 
his  life  in  the  ministry  at  Winchester.  He  was 
a  good  scholar,  a  distinguished  divine,  and  an 
excellent  preacher.  He  published  the  light  ap- 
])earing  more  and  more,  etc.,  giving  on  account  of 


WHITFIELD. 

the  progress  of  the  goapcl  among  the  Indians, 
1051.  —  Maffnalia,  III.  217,  218:  —  Sprague. 

WHITFIELD,  Jonx,  a  MfthodiHt  minister, 
died  in  North  Carolina  in  1833,  Qged  88. 

WHITFIELD,  Jamks,  Roman  Cotholic  arch- 
bishop, died  at  IJoltimore  Oct.  19,  1834,  aged  64. 
He  was  born  at  Liverpool  ui  1770.  He  was  a 
merchant,  and  became  a  prisoner  under  Bona- 
parte at  Lyons,  where  he  became  acquainted  with 
Ambrose  Marechal,  afterwards  archbishop  of  Bal- 
timore, whom  he  succeeded.  He  came  first  to 
B.  in  1817. 

WHITING,  William,  major,  one  of  the  first 
settlers  of  Hartford  in  1636,  died  in  1647.  He 
was  a  man  of  wealth  and  education,  a  magistrate, 
and  treasurer  of  the  colony.  —  Qoodwin'a  Gen- 
ealogical Notes. 

WHITING,    Samuel,  first  minister  of  Lynn, 
Mass.,  died  Dec.  11,  1679,  aged  82.    The  son  of 
John  W.,  mayor  of  Boston,  England,  he  was 
born  in  1597,  and  was  educated  at  Cambridge. 
He  arrived  at  Boston  May  26,  1636.    In  about 
a  month  he  went  to  Lynn,  where  a  church  was 
gathered  Nov.  8.    Mr.  Cobbet  was  his  colleague 
for  several  years,  and  after  his  removal  one  of 
his  own  sons  was  his  assistant.    His  son,  Samuel, 
first  minister  of  Billerica,  died  in  1713 ;  Joseph 
was  minister  of  LjTin ;  his  daughter  married  Jer- 
emiah Hobart.    He  possessed  an  accurate  know- 
ledge of  Hebrew,  and  wrote  Latin  with  elegance. 
His  disposition  was  peculiarly  amiable,  and  the 
sanctity  of  his  life  impressed  all  men  with  re- 
spect for  him.    From  his  writings  Norton's  life 
of  Cotton  was  partly  composed.    He  published 
a  treatise  upon  the  last  judgment,  1664;  Abra- 
ham interceding  for   Sodom,   a  volume  of  ser- 
mons, 1666. —  Magnolia,  in.  156-161  j  Sprague. 
WHITING,  John,  minister  in  Hartford,  Conn., 
died  before  1689.    The  son  of  William  of  II.,  he 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1653.     He  preached  two 
years  in  Salem,  Mass.,  an  assistant  to  Mr.  Norris ; 
then  was  settled  in  the  first  church  in  H. ;  and 
next  was  installed  in  1670  over  a  new,  the  south 
church,  with  which  he  was  connected  till  his 
death.    His  wife  was  a  sister  of  Rev.  J.  Collins : 
she  married,  after  his  death.  Rev.  John  Russell  of 
Hadley.     His  son,  William,  commanded  the  Con- 
necticut troops  sent  to  Port  Royal.    The  Ameri- 
can quarterly  register  has  by  mistake  printed  his 
name  Samuel,  who,  graduating  the  same  year, 
was  the  minister  of  Billerica. 

WHITING,  John,  second  minister  of  Lan- 
caster, Mass.,  was  killed  by  the  Indians  Sept.  11, 
1697,  aged  33.  The  son  of  Rev.  Samuel  of  Bil- 
lerica, he  gradjiated  at  Harvard  in  1685,  and  was 
settled  in  1690.  He  succeeded  J.  Rowlandson. 
He  was  succeeded  by  Prentiss,  Harrington, 
Thayer.  Surprised,  away  from  the  fort,  by  the 
Indians,  they  offered  him  quarter  ;  but  he  chose 
rather  to  fight  than  to  fall  into  their  hands.    His 


WHITING. 


851 


widow,  Alice  Cook  of  Cambridge,  married  Ret. 
T.  Stevens  of  Ghistenlmr)-.  His  sister,  Elizabeth, 
married  Rev.  T.  Clnik  of  Chelmsford,  Mass. 

WHITING,  Sami  i;i.,  first  minister  of  Biller- 
ica, Mass.,  died  in  17 13,  aged  nearly  80.  Born 
in  England,  the  son  of  Rev.  Samuel  of  Lynn,  he 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1053,  and  was  settled 
in  1663.  His  successors  were  Ruggles,  Chan- 
dler, Cummings,  Wliitman,  and  Abbott.  His 
mother  was  a  daughter  of  Oliver  St.  John,  a  man 
of  note  in  Cromwell's  time.  His  son,  John,  was 
the  minister  of  Lancaster.  A  manuscript  volume 
of  his  sermons  fell  into  the  hands  of  his  descend- 
ant. Rev.  M.  G.  Thomas  of  Concord,  N.  H. 

WHITING,  JosKPn,  died  in  1717,  aged  72, 
the  son  of  the  first  William  W.  He  was  a  mer- 
chant of  Hartford,  and  treasurer  of  Connecticut. 
He  married  Mary,  daughter  of  John  Pj-nchon 
and  Anna  Wyllys :  his  second  wife  was  Anna, 
daughter  of  Col.  John  Allyn,  and  of  hie  wife,  who 
was  a  daughter  of  Henry  Smith  and  grand- 
daughter of  William  Pynchon.  His  daughter, 
Margaret,  by  his  second  wife,  married  Rev.  Jona- 
than Marsh. 

WHITING,  Joseph,  minister  of  Lynn,  died 
in  1723,  aged  82.  The  son  of  Rev.  Samuel,  he 
was  born  in  Lynn,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1661,  and  was  settled  in  1680,  having  assisted 
his  father  for  some  years  before.  In  1682  he 
went  to  Southampton  on  Long  Island. 

WHITING,  Samuel,  the  first  minister  of 
Windham,  Conn.,  died  in  1725.  The  brother  of 
Rev.  John,  he  was  ordained  Dec.  4,  1700,  and 
died  at  Enfield,  while  on  a  visit  to  his  cousin  and 
brother-in-law.  Rev.  Mr.  Collins.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded by  President  Clap.  He  was  the  brother 
of  Rev.  John  of  Hartford.  His  wife  was 
Elizabeth,  the  daughter  of  Rev.  W.  Adams  of 
Dedham:  she  was  born  in  1681,  and  died  in 
1766.  Her  second  marriage  was  with  Rev.  Mr. 
Niles.  She  died  in  New  Haven,  at  the  house  of 
her  son.  Col.  Nathan  Whiting.  His  doughter, 
Mary,  married  President  Clap,  and  died  in  1736. 
He  published  a  thanksgiving  sermon,  1721. 

WHITING,  William,  colonel,  son  of  Rev. 
John  of  Hartford,  died  about  1730.  He  served 
in  Canada.  His  wife  was  Mary,  daughter  of 
John  Allyn.  His  sister  married  Rev.  S.  Russell, 
lie  removed  to  Newport,  R.  I. 

WHITING,  John,  minister  of  Concord,  Mass., 
twenty  years,  died  in  1752,  aged  about  72.  Born 
in  Lynn,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1700 ;  was 
tutor  from  1703  to  1706,  and  librarian  from  1707 
to  17 12,  in  which  year  he  was  ordained.  He  was 
learned,  benevolent,  and  rich.  The  first  minister 
of  his  church  was  P.  Bulkley ;  his  successors 
were  Bliss,  Emerson,  and  Ripley. 

WHITING,  John,  colonel,  son  of  the  preceding, 
died  at  Windham,  Conn.,  in  1780,  aged  80.  He 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1726,  and  was  a  preacher, 


852 


WHITINO. 


WHITING. 


then  judge  of  probate,  and  a  colonel.  Ilis 
daughter,  Mary,  married  II.  Jones  of  North  Car- 
olina ;  and  their  daughter  married  Oov.  Nosh  in 
1779. 

WHITING,  William,  Dr.,  died  in  Great  Bar- 
rington  Dec.  8,  1792,  aged  62.  Bom  in  Nor- 
wich, Conn.,  the  son  of  Rev.  Samuel  of  Wind- 
ham, he  studied  with  Dr.  Bulkley  of  Colchester. 
He  lived  in  Hartford  till  17G6 ;  then  settled  in 
O.  B.  He  was  a  professor  of  religion  in  the 
Episcopal  church,  and  often  in  public  life;  a 
member  of  the  provincial  congress,  and  of  the 
convention  to  frame  the  constitution,  and  chief 
judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas.  His  son. 
Mason  Whiting,  died  in  Binghamton,  N.  Y.,  in 
1849,  aged  74,  whose  wife  was  Mary,  a  descendant 
of  Pres.  Edwards,  and  whose  daughter,  Amelia, 
is  the  wife  of  Prof.  W.  8,  Tyler  of  Amherst  col- 
lege. 

WHITING,  Ebenezer,  major,  died  at  West- 
field  in  1794,  aged  59.  He  was  the  son  of 
Charles,  who  died  at  Montville,  and  grandson  of 
Col.  William.  His  mother  was  Elizabeth,  daugh- 
ter of  Samuel  Bradford  of  Duxbury,  a  descendant 
of  Gov.  Bradford.  His  wife  was  Ann,  daughter 
of  Col.  Eleazer  Fitch  of  Windham.  He  resided 
at  Norwich,  and  was  a  major  in  the  Revolution- 
ary army.  His  son,  Henry,  a  brigadier-general 
in  the  army  of  the  United  States,  died  at  St. 
Louis  Sept.  10,  ISdl. 

WHITING,  WiLLUM  Bradford,  colonel,  died 
in  Canaan,  N.  Y.,  near  New  Lebanon,  in  1796, 
aged  65.  He  was  a  colonel  in  the  Revolution,  a 
senator  of  New  York,  and  a  judge.  His  accom- 
plished and  excellent  daughter  Harriet  —  whom 
the  writer  knew  more  than  fifty  years  ago  as  the 
friend  of  his  sister  Elizabeth  —  married  Eleazar 
Backus,  a  bookseller  of  Albany,  now  of  Phila- 
delphia, if  yet  among  the  living.  She  died  July 
13,  1804,  after  being  the  mother  of  one  child. 

WHITING,  Samuel,  colonel,  brother  of  the 
preceding,  died  at  Stratford,  Conn.,  in  1803,  aged 
81.  He  served  in  the  French  war  as  a  colonel, 
and  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  Four  of  his  sons 
were  also  in  the  army. 

WHITING,  Samuel,  first  minister  of  Rock- 
ingham, Vt.,  died  in  1819,  aged  70.  Born  in 
Franklin,  Mass.,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1769,  and  was  pastor  from  1773  to  1809.  ' 

WHITING,  Thurston,  a  minister  in  Warren, 
Me.,  died  in  1829,  aged  79. 

WHn'ING,  John,  deacon,  died  at  Canaan, 
N.  Y.,  Oct.  2,  1844,  aged  80.  He  was  the  son  of 
Col.  William  B.  He  was  ready  for  every  good 
word  and  work,  a  pillar  in  the  church,  a  father  in 
Israel,  —  like  thousands  of  others,  whom  God  in 
his  grace  has  scattered  over  our  land. 

WHITING,  John,  general,  died  in  Great 
Barrington  Jan.  13,  1846,  at  an  advanced  age. 
He  was  a  descendant  of  William,  in  the  line  of 


John,  of  the  sixth  generation;  the  son  of  Gama- 
liel. He  was  an  eminent  lawyer.  His  firitt  wife 
was  Hannah,  daughter  of  Col.  Aaron  Kcilnpg, 
married  in  1800 ;  his  Kccond  was  Lucy  Allen, 
married  in  1831.  His  son,  Francis,  was  born  in 
1808;  his  daughter,  Martha,  married  David 
Allen. 

WHITINO,  Nathan,  a  worthy  citizen  of  New 
Haven,  died  Feb.  17,  1848,  aged  75,  the  son  of 
Col.  William  B.  W.  By  his  first  wife,  Lydia 
Backus  of  Norwich,  he  had  a  daughter,  Harriet 
B.,  wife  of  A.  N.  Skinner,  late  mayor  of  New 
Haven  ;  and  also  Alexander,  a  phyKician  in  New 
York.  His  second  wife,  now  a  widow,  was  Mrs. 
Nancy  Breed  Williams  of  Norwich. 

WHITING,  Edward,  captain,  died  in  Nor- 
wich July  14,  1851,  aged  74;  a  man  of  an  excel- 
lent character,  held  in  high  esteem  by  his  fellow- 
citizens. 

WHITINO,  Henrt,  brigadier-general,  died 
at  St.  Louis  Sept.  16,  1851.  He  was  among  the 
oldest  officers  of  the  army.  He  arrived  two  days 
before  his  death  from  a  tour  of  duty  in  Texas, 
and  fell  dead  instantly  in  his  room,  probably  from 
disease  of  the  heart.  He  lived  many  years  at 
Detroit.  He  was  the  son  of  Gen.  John  W.  of 
Lancaster,  Mass.  He  was  a  man  conversant  with 
literature,  and  wrote  various  articles  for  the 
North  American  review,  among  which  was  the 
sketch  of  Pres.  Taylor,  relating  chiefly  to  his  mil- 
itary life. 

WHITINO,  George  B.,  missionary  of  the 
American  board  in  Syria,  died  of  the  cholera  at 
Beirut  Nov.  8,  1856.  He  was  the  son  of  John 
W.  and  of  Lydia  Leffingwell  of  Norwich,  and 
grandson  of  Col.  William  B.  W.  He  had  been, 
with  his  wife,  a  daughter  of  John  Ward  of  Newark, 
a  missionary  twenty-six  years ;  first  at  Beirut,  then 
eight  years  at  Jerusalem.  His  letters  to  the 
missionary  herald  were  most  interesting.  Dr. 
Smith,  his  associate  in  Syria,  says,  "  The  Ameri- 
can church  has  sent  into  the  missionary  field  few 
so  lovely  spirits  as  that  of  our  brother  who  has 
just  been  called  to  his  reward." 

WHITING,  Daniel,  died  at  Philadelphia,  at 
the  house  of  his  son-in-law.  Rev.  Dr.  Brain  ard, 
June  7,  1855,  aged  87.  He  was  the  son  of  Col. 
William  B.  Whiting  of  Canaan,  N.  Y.,  and 
brother  of  Deocon  John  W.  of  Canaan,  and  of 
Deacon  Nathan  W.  of  New  Haven.  As  a  lawyer 
he  practised  at  Canaan,  Albany,  and  Troy.  For  a 
time  he  was  a  partner  in  a  book  concern  in  Albany 
with  Backus  and  Whiting,  and  editor  of  the  Al- 
bany Daily  Sentinel.  At  the  bar  he  was  conver- 
sant with  Hamilton,  Burr,  Clinton,  Kent,  and 
Spencer.  He  died  with  trust  in  the  Saviour, 
whose  name  he  professed  thirty  years  before  his 
death,  under  the  ministry  of  Dr.  Tucker.  For 
nine  years  he  had  been  blind.  He  was  the  last 
of  a  large  family,  distinguished  for  piety. 


on  rpvi 

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wiii 


WHITMAN. 

WHITMAN,  John,  the  ancestor  of  n  large 
posterity,  died  at  AVcymouth,  at  a  great  age, 
al)out  1<!92.  lie  came  from  England  to  Charles- 
town  about  1038, 

WHITMAN,  ZECiuniAii,  minister  of  Hull, 
Mass.,  died  in  1720,  aged  82.  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1008,  and  was  settled  in  1070.  The 
Dorchester  records  describe  him  as  "  Vir  pius,hu- 
miljs,  orthodoxus,  utilissimus." 

WIirrMAN,  Samuel,  minister  of  Farming- 
ton,  Conn.,  died  in  1701,  aged  73.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  in  1G90 ;  was  a  teacher  in  Salem 
in  1099;  and  was  ordained  in  1700.  He  was  a 
fellow  of  Yale  from  1724  to  1740.  He  was  pre- 
ceded by  T.  Pitkin  and  succeeded  by  S.  Hooker. 
His  son,  Eluathan,  a  graduate  of  1720,  was  min- 
ister of  the  second  church  in  Hartford  from  1732 
to  his  death  in  1776.  He  published  the  election 
sermon  in  1714. 

WHITMAN,  Samuel,  minister  of  Goshen, 
Mass.,  died  in  1827,  aged  75.  Born  in  Wey- 
mouth, he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  177<) ;  was 
minister  of  Ashby  from  1778  to  1783  ;  then  of 
Goshen  from  1788  to  1818.  He  published  a  ser- 
mon at  ordination  of  L.  Lankton ;  of  Mr.  Hal- 
lock;  on  baptism  of  Christ,  1800;  a  key  to  the 
atonement  and  justification,  8vo.,  1814 ;  sermon 
to  missionary  society,  1817;  at  Cummington, 
1819;  history  of  proceedings  at  Goshen,  1824. — 
Sprague's  Annals. 

WHITMAN,  Bernard,  Unitarian  minister  of 
Waltham,  Mass.,  died  in  1834,  aged  38.  He 
published  artillery  election  sermon,  1829;  letter 
on  revivals,  1831 ;  answer  to  E.  Pearson's  letter. 
WHITMAN,  KiLBORX,  minister  of  Pembroke, 
Mass.,  died  in  1835,  aged  about  70.  Born  in 
Bridgewater,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1785, 
and  was  pastor  from  1787  to  1796.  His  prede- 
cessor was  T.  Smith,  who  reached  the  rge  of  83. 
He  ])ublished  sermon  at  ordination  of  J.  Cush- 
raan,  1796;  oration,  1798. 

WHITMAN,  Levi,  minister  of  Wellfleet, 
Mass.,  died  at  Kingston  in  Aug.,  1839,  aged  90. 
Born  in  Bridgewater,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1779,  and  was  pastor  at  W.  from  1785  to  1808. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  convention  for  adopting 
the  constitution  of  the  United  States. 

WHITMAN,  JoH.\,  deacon,  died  at  East 
Bridgewater,  Mass.,  Aug.  5, 1842,  aged  107  years 
and  4  months,  a  descendant  of  the  fourth  gener- 
ation from  Miles  Standish.  He  had  fourteen 
children  ;  three  of  his  sons  were  ministers. 

AVHITMAN,  Jason,  Unitarian  minister,  died 
at  Lexington,  Mass.,  in  1848,  aged  19.  He  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  in  1825 ;  was  for  some  years  a 
minister  in  Saco ;  then  secretary  of  the  Unitarian 
association  in  Boston,  whence  he  removed  to 
Portland  in  1835,  and  remained  ten  years.  In 
1845  he  was  installed  at  Lexington. 
WIIITMOIIE,  Edward,  general,  was  drowned 


WIHTNEY. 


S53 


in  Plymouth  bay  in  Feb.,  1701.  At  the  sooond 
cajiture  of  Louisburj;,  in  175S,  ho  was  military 
governor  of  the  iiliice,  Iteing  colonel  of  the  twenty- 
second  regiment  and  brigadier-general. 

WHITXEY,  Aaron,  first  min-ster  of  Peters- 
ham, Mass.,  died  in  1779,  aged  05.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  in  1737.  He  was  the  father  of 
Rev.  Peter  W. 

WHITNEY,  Peti;r,  second  minister  of  North- 
borough,  Mass.,  died  in  1810,  aged  72.  Born  in 
Petersham,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1702, 
and  vas  ordained  in  1707.  Josojih  Allen  was  his 
successor.  The  first  minister  wos  John  Mnr'in, 
from  1740  to  1707.  He  published  two  fast  ser- 
mons, 1774  ;  history  of  the  county  of  Worcester, 
1793  ;  at  ordination  of  P.  Whitney,  jun. ;  on  the 
death  of  Lucy  Sumner. 

WHITNEY,  JosiAii,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Brook- 
lyn, Conn.,  died  in  1824,  aged  93.  Born  at 
Plainfield,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1752.  Ho 
studied  theology  with  Mr.  Iheck  of  Springfield, 
whose  daughter  he  married.  He  was  ordained 
in  1750,  and  after  being  sole  pastor  fifty-seven 
years,  received  as  colleague,  in  1813,  Abiel  Abbot, 
who  soon  became  a  Unitarian,  and  was  dismissed. 
He  published  a  sermon  at  ordination  of  E. 
Weld;  election  sermon.  1788;  on  the  death  of 
Gen.  Putnam,  1790;  of  N.  Russell,  1795;  a  half- 
century  sermon,  1800. —  Sprague's  Annals. 

WHITNEY,  Eli,  inventor  of  the  cotton-gin, 
died  Jan.  3, 1825,  aged  59.  He  was  born  at  West- 
borough,  Mass.,  Dec.  8,  1705.  His  mechanical 
genius  was  early  manifested.  He  graduated  at 
Yale  college  in  1792.  Proceeding  to  Georgia, 
and  becoming  acquainted  with  the  widow  of  Gen. 
Greene,  she  invited  him  to  make  her  house  his 
home,  while  he  studied  law.  While  at  her  house 
he  invented  the  cotton-gin,  a  machine  for  sepa- 
rating the  seed  from  the  cotton  ;  an  invention  of 
vast  importance  to  the  States  which  cultivate  cot- 
ton. It  has  been  worth  to  them  100,000,000 
dollars.  His  disap])ointments,  difficulties,  and 
trials  in  the  vindication  of  his  rights  are  described 
in  a  memoir  of  his  life  in  Silliman's  journal  for 
Jon.,  1832,  which  contains  also  a  beautiful  j)or- 
trait.  In  1798  he  commenced  the  manufacture 
of  fire-arms  for  the  United  States.  His  first  con- 
tract amounted  to  134,000  dollars  for  ten  thousand 
stand  of  arms,  which  he  made  in  ten  years.  His 
next  contract  was  for  fifteen  thousand  stand  of 
arms.  He  had  unequalled  sufferings  from  his 
disease.  His  wife,  whom  he  married  in  1817, 
was  Henrietta,  daughter  of  Pierpont  Edwards. 
Two  daughters  and  a  son  survived  him.  He  was 
highly  beloved  and  respected  hi  domestic  life. 
For  inventive  power  and  a  ])ersevering  spirit, 
which  never  relinquished  an  undertaking  until  it 
was  accomplished,  he  had  scarcely  a  parallel. 
His  name  will  he  ranked  with  the  names  of  Ful- 
ton, Arkwright,  and  Wutt.    Of  liis  monument 


854 


WHITNEY. 


WTIITTLESEY. 


after  the  model  of  that  of  Scipio  at  Rome,  a  print 
w  in  Silliman's  journal.  Similar  monumcnlN  at 
New  Haven  have  been  placed  over  the  remaiuH  of 
Dr.  \.  Smith  and  Mr.  Ashmun. 

WHITNEY,  David  8.,  died  at  Oainsville 
Ala.,  in  1840.  He  wa«  for  years  a  merchant  in 
Northampton,  MaRB.,  and  removed  to  the  Bouth. 
His  Christian  character  was  always  held  in  high 
esteem. 

WHITNEY,  Sahah,  Mrs.,  a  Quaker,  died  at 
Casco,  Me.,  in  July,  1843,  aged  100  years  and  8 
months. 

WHITNEY,  Peter,  minister  of  Quincy,  Mass., 
died  in  1843,  aged  73.  He  graduated  at  Harvard 
in  1791,  and  wa8  orda<ned  in  1800,  and  succeeded 
by  W.  P.  Lunt.    His  predecessor  was  A.  Wibird. 

WHITNEY,  Samuel,  missionary  to  the  Sand- 
wich Islands,  died  Dec.  15, 1843,  aged  52.  Born 
at  Branford,  Conn.,  he  was  two  years  a  member 
of  Yale  college.  He  arrived  at  Hawaii  in  1820, 
was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  missionaries  in 
1823,  and  ordained  1825.  Most  of  his  time  was 
spent  on  the  island  of  Kanai.  He  said  in  his  ill- 
ness, "  I  have  fought  the  good  fight."  In  twent}'- 
six  years  of  service  the  Saviour  had  been  with 
him.  "Christ  is  the  rock  on  which  I  rest." 
Throwing  up  his  arms,  he  said :  "  And  is  the  vic- 
tory won  P  Glory,  glory,  glory !  Hail,  glorious 
immortality!"  Let  the  great  warriors  of  the 
earth  look  upon  this  dying  man. 

WIIITON,  JoiiN  Milton,  D.  J).,  died  at  An- 
trim, N.  H.,  Sept.  28,  1856,  aged  71,  having  been 
the  minister  forty-five  years  to  a  day.  Bom  in 
Winchendon,  Mass.,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in 
1805.  The  first  minister  was  Walter  FuUington, 
from  1800  to  1804.  He  published  a  history  of 
N.  II.  for  schools ;  a  history  of  Antrim.  In  1806 
he  published  in  the  repository  an  account  of  the 
ministers  of  Hillsborough. 

WIHTTELSEY,  Samuel,  minister  of  Wal- 
lingford.  Conn.,  died  April  15, 1752,  aged  66. 
He  was  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1705  and 
was  ordained  as  the  colleague  of  !Mr.  Street  in 
May,  1710.  He  was  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
preachers  and  faithful  ministers  of  the  colony  in 
which  he  lived.  Such  was  the  vigor  and  penetra- 
tion of  his  mind,  that  he  easily  comprehended 
subjects  which  presented  great  difiiculties  to 
others.  His  wife  was  Sarah,  daughter  of  He  v.  N. 
Chauncy  of  Hatfield.  His  son  Samuel  was  min- 
ister of  Milford  from  1738  till  his  death  in  1768. 
His  son,  Chauncey  W.,  an  eminent  scholar,  was 
minister  of  New  Haven  from  1758  till  his  death 
in  1787.  He  published  a  sermon  upon  the  death 
of  John  Hall,  1730;  at  the  election;  on  the 
awful  condition  of  impenitent  souls  iu  their  sepa- 
rate state,  1731 ;  at  the  ordination  of  his  son, 
Samuel  W.,  at  Milford,  1737.  —  Z>ana'«  Cent. 
yDisc. ;  Spragiie. 

WUITTELSEY,  Samuel,  mmister  of  Mil- 


ford, Conn.,  dieii  !•.  1708,  nged  65.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  in  1/20,  and  won  tutor  from  1732 
to  1738.  He  was  a  man  of  an  excellent  »])irit 
and  judgment,  an  eminent  Christian.  8.  An- 
drew preceded  and  8.  AValcs  succeeded  him. 

WUITTELSEY,  Chauncey,  minister  in  New 
Haven,  died  July  24,  1787,  aged  09.  The  son  of 
Rev.  Samuel  W.  of  Wallingford,  he  graduated 
at  Yale  in  1738,  and  was  ordiilucd  over  the  first 
church  in  New  Haven  as  colleague  with  Mr. 
Noyes,  March  1,  1768,  and  continued  in  office 
nearly  thirty  years.  Mr.  Dana  was  his  succcsKor. 
His  wife  was  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Col.  Whiting. 
He  published  a  sermon  at  New  Haven,  1744; 
to  a  class,  1745;  on  the  death  of  A.  Noyes,  1768  ; 
of  Mary  Clap,  1760;  at  the  ordination  of 
J.  Hubbard,  1770;  election  Bermon,  1778.— 
Spr ague's  Annals. 

WUITTELSEY,  Samuel  O.,  missionary  at 
Oodooville,  Ceylon,  died  at  Dindigal  March  10, 
1847,  aged  38.  He  had  gone  to  I).,  on  the  con- 
tinent, for  his  health.  Eorn  in  Preston,  he  grad- 
uated at  Yole  in  1834.  In  1842  he  was  ordained : 
his  station  was  Oodooville,  at  the  female  mission- 
ary seminary.  He  sold  he  had  rather  be  a  mis- 
sionary in  that  dark  land  than  to  be  "  in  Amer- 
ica, enjoying  all  the  pleasures  of  a  ciWlized  and 
Christian  country." 

WHITTEMORE,  Aahon,  the  first  minister 
of  Pembroke,  N.  H.,  ditd  in  1767,  aged  55. 
Born  in  Concord,  Mass.,  he  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1734,  and  was  settled  in  1737.  J.  Emery, 
bom  in  Andover,  was  his  successor. 

WHITTEMORE,  Amos,  inventor  of  the  card 
machine,  died  at  West  Cambridge,  Mass.,  in 
April,  1828,  aged  69.  He  was  the  inventor  of 
the  machine  for  sticking  cards,  which  indicated  a 
powerful  mechanical  genius,  and  which  was  a 
most  useful  invention.  Each  machine  in  his  man- 
ufactory occupied  no  more  space  than  a  small 
table  ;  the  wire  was  reeled  off,  cut  off  the  right 
length  for  teeth,  bent,  holes  were  pricked  in  the 
leather,  the  teeth  were  inserted,  and  this  was 
continued  till  the  card  was  completed,  and  all  by 
the  unassisted  machine. 

WHITTLESEY,  Samuei,,  died  in  Utica,N.  Y., 
in  1842,  aged  66.  Bom  in  Litchfield,  Conn., 
he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1803;  was  paster  at 
New  Preston  in  Washington  county  from  1807 
to  1817 ;  then  was  principal  of  the  deaf  and  dumb 
asylum  at  Hartford ;  in  1826  he  took  the  charge 
of  a  female  seminary  in  Utica;  and  in  1833  be- 
came the  publisher  of  the  mother's  magazine  iu 
New  York.  —  Sprague's  Annals. 

WHITTLESEY,  Frederic,  judge,  died  in 
Rochester,  N.  Y.,  in  Sept.,  1851,  aged  54 ;  a  mem- 
ber of  congress  and  judge  of  the  supreme  court. 
He  was  professor  of  law  in  Genesee  college  at 
Lima.  Internal  improvements  were  earnestly 
promoted  by  him. 


WniTTLESEY. 

WHITTLESEY,  Anna  L.,  Mm,  dlpd  at  Bei- 
rut May  1,  1832.  She  had  been  there  one  year 
an  a  teacher  in  the  female  boarding-ochool.  She 
had  a  vigorous  intellect  and  a  zealoua  heart. 
Her  character  ii  dcHcribcd  by  Dr.  Do  Forest  in 
misHionary  herald,  July,  1832. 

WIIITWELL,  William,  minister  of  Marble- 
hcnd,  died  in  17M1,  aged  44.  nom  in  Doston, 
he  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1738,  and  was  or- 
dained colleague  with  Barnard  in  1762.  He  was 
a  gentleman  and  a  Christian ;  in  his  preaching 
concise  and  pertinent,  instructive  and  pathetic. 
lie  published  a  sermon  to  mariners,  1769;  on 
the  death  of  Mr.  Barnard.  —  Sprayue. 

WilYTE,  AlicniBALD,  a  minister,  died  at  Ar- 
gyle,  N.  Y.,  in  1849,  aged  93 ;  a  learned  and 
pious  man. 

WIBIIUI,  Anthont,  ministerof  Quincy,  Mass., 
died  in  1800,  oged  72.  Born  in  Portsmouth,  ho 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1747,  and  was  ordained 
in  1765.  His  predecessors  were  Thompson, 
Flint,  Fiske,  Marsh,  Hancock,  Bryant;  his  suc- 
cessors, P.  Whitney,  and  W.  P.  Lunt. 

WICKES,  Eliphalet,  died  in  Troy,  N.  Y.,  June 
7,  1830,  aged  81.  He  was  the  son  of  Thomas  of 
Huntington,  L.  I.  As  a  lawyer  he  lived  in  the 
town  of  Jamaica  until  1835.  He  was  of  integ- 
rity and  of  reputation  as  a  lawyer.  Before  he 
undertook  a  cause  he  endeavored  to  reconcile  the 
parlies.  He  was  an  elder  of  the  church.  For 
thirty  years  he  devoted  to  charity  a  certain  per 
centage  of  his  income.  He  founded  a  scholar- 
ship in  Princeton  seminary.  About  to  die,  he 
said :  "  It  may  be  that  I  am  now  to  be  called 
home.  Well,  I  have  a  good  home  to  go  to." — 
N.  Y.  Observer,  Oct.  19. 

WIER,  Mr.,  died  in  Davidson  county,  N.  C, 
Aug.  9,  1824,  aged  120.  He  was  a  native  of 
Germany. 

AVIGGIN,  Timothy,  died  at  Barry,  near  Lon- 
don, early  in  1856,  aged  83.  Born  in  Hopkinton, 
he  went  into  business  in  Boston  with  his  elder 
brother  in  1798 ;  the  firm  of  B.  and  T.  W.  con- 
tinued about  twenty  years,  during  some  of  which 
he  resided  in  Mancliester,  and  there  married  a 
lady  of  beauty  and  piety,  most  amiable  and 
agreeable.  About  1826  he  commenced  business 
as  a  banker  in  London  with  great  success ;  but 
giving  credit  largely  without  security,  in  1836  he 
lost  his  property;  he  had  considorinl  himself 
worth  a  million  and  a  half.  With  the  aid  of 
friends  and  of  the  bank  of  England,  he  paid  all 
his  debts  and  repaid  the  advances ;  but  his  own 
fortune  melted  away  to  nothing.  He  did  not 
sink  down  in  miserable  despondence ;  he  submit- 
ted to  Providence  without  a  murmur,  and  died 
in  the  Christian  hope  of  a  blessed  immortality, 
WIGGLESWORTH,  Michael,  a  poet,  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1651,  and  was 
afterwards  ordained  minister  of  Maiden,  where 


WIGGLESWORTH. 


855 


he  continued  till  his  di-ath,  June  10,  1703,  aged 
73.     His  wife  was  Sybil  Sparliawk,  granddaugh- 
ter of  llcv.  Snmuol  Newman;  she  died  in  1708, 
He  had  five  diiuglitirs,  Al)i(!oil,  .Mary,  Martha, 
Esther,  and  Dorothy  ;  and  sons,  Samuel  and  Ed- 
ward.   He  was  useful, ni)t  only  as  a  minister,  but 
as  a  physician.     During  hix  illness,  which  occa- 
sionally interrupted  his  exertions  as  a  preochcr 
for  several  years,  he  still  sought  to  do  good  by 
his  labors  as  a  poet.    The  following  extract  from 
his  sermon  on  wearing  hair  may  have  a  peculiar 
application  at  the  present  day  :  "  It  argues  much 
wantonness,  when   men  shall  affect  a  kind  of 
bravery,  as  now-a-daycs  they  do,  by  curling  or 
frizeling  of  their  hair,  and  porting  it  with  a  seam 
n»  the  middest ;  it  argues  much  cffeminncy.   The 
Lord  abhors  such  vanity  in  women ;  but  for  men 
to  do  it  is  a  most  loathsome  thing,  and  a  fashion 
altogether    unbeseeming   a  Christian."    "  Why 
should  we  wear  it  at  such  a  time  as  this,  when 
every  one  useth  it,  the  very  basest  sort  of  per- 
sons, every  ruffian,  every  wild-Irish,  every  hang- 
man, every  varlet  and  vagal)onu  shall  affect  long 
hair,  shall  men  of  peace  and  honor  esteem  it  an 
honor  unto  them  ?  "    He  published  the  day  of 
doom,  or  a  poetical  descri])tion  of  the  great  and 
last  judgment,  with  a  short  discourse  aliout  eter- 
nity, sixth  edit.,  1829;   a  sermon  on  wearing 
hair ;  meat  out  of  the  eater,  or  a  meditation  con- 
cerning the  necessity,  end,  and  usefulness  of  afflic- 
tions unto  God's  children,  fifth  edit.,  1718. — 
Holmes'  Annals. 

WIGGLESWORTH,  Edward,    D,  D.,  first 
HoUis  professor  of  divinity  in  Harvard  college, 
died  in  1765,  aged  72,    The  son  of  the  preced- 
ing, he  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
1710.    Aftor  he  commenced  preaching,  his  servi- 
ces were  enjoyed  in  different  places.   So  conspic- 
uous were  his  talents,  and  so  exemplary  was  he 
for  every  Christian  virtue,  that  when  the  jirofes- 
sorship  of  divinity  in  Harvard  college  wns  founded 
by  T.  Hollis,  he  was  unanimously  appointed  first 
professor,  and  was  inducted  into  this  office  Oct. 
24,  1722 ;  when  he  declared  his  assent  to  the 
confession  of  faith  in  the  assembly's  catechism, 
especially  to  the  doctrine  of  the  trinity  and  of 
the  eternal  godhead  of  Christ ;  also  to  that  of 
predestination  and  special    grace.    He  was  a 
prominent  writer  in  the  controversy  relating  to 
Mr.  Whitefield,  whose  preaching  at  Cambridge 
he  censured.    He  died,  conscious  of  the  failings 
of  life,  yet  hoping   for  pardon  through  Jesus 
Christ.    His  son  succeeded  him  in  1765.    His 
daughter  married  Prof.  Sewall.    The  next  pro- 
fessor was  Dr.  Tappan,    He  published  sober  re- 
marks, 1724  ;  on  the  duration  of  future  punish- 
ment, 1729  ;  a  trial  of  the  spirits,  1735 ;  on  the 
death  of  Mr.  Wadsworth,  1737  ;  inquiry  into  the 
imputation  of  the  guilt  of  Adam's  sin  to  his  pos- 
terity, 1738 ;  a  letter  to  Mr.  Whitefield,  1746 ; 


866 


WIGGLE8W0RTII. 


WILDER. 


on  tho  innpiratlon  of  the  Old  Ti'Rtnmont,  1  TflS ; ' 
two   locturi'H  on  fho  minitttorK  of  Chrwt,  l"/)-!)! 
Dudli'ian  Iccturi-,  1757)  doctrine  of  rcprobntion, 
170.'l.  —  Applelnn.i  Sermon;  H/irnyur, 

WIGOI-KSWOIITH,  Sami'KI,,  miniHtrr  of  Ip«- 
wich  hamlt't,  now  llnmilton,  MaNN.,  died  in  170H, 
aged  71).  The  «on  of  Michuei  l)y  hix  ttecond 
wife,  Martha,  he  graduated  ot  llorvard  in  1707. 
He  commenced  the  practice  of  medicine  in  1710, 
but  waH  Hettlcd  a«  »  miniHtcr  in  1714.  He  jiuh- 
liKhod  a  Rermon  at  the  ordination  of  J.  Dcnnini 
of  J.  Warren  ot  Wenhom,  1733  j  at  the  elec- 
tion, 1733)  account  of  Mr.  Hale)  a  pomphlet 
concerning  a  council)  at  the  convention,  1751) 
on  death  of  J.  KogcrR,  1740  )  at  a  fant )  two  Her- 
monH  to  men  enlinted,  1755 )  Dudlcian  lecture, 
1700)  on  admitting  mcmherH  from  other churcheH, 
1705.  —  Sprai/iie's  Annah. 

WIGGLE8WOUTH,  Edward,  I).  I).,  the 
Mucccssor  of  his  father  as  the  Hollis  professor  of 
theology  at  Harvard,  died  in  1704,  oged  al)«utC2. 
He  graduated  in  1749  and  was  chosen  professor 
in  1705.  Ho  was  secretary  of  the  commissioners 
of  the  society  in  Scotland  for  proj)agating  the 
gospel  among  the  Indians.  He  was  an  original 
member  of  the  American  academy  of  arts  and 
sciences.  He  published  the  Dudleian  lecture  on 
the  errors  of  the  Itoman  church,  1777)  .-jermon 
on  the  death  of  J.  Winthrop,  1779. —  Sprague's 
Annals. 

WIGGLESWORTH,  Thomas,  a  rich  mer- 
chant, died  in  Boston  April  27,  1855,  aged  79. 
He  was  the  son  of  Rev.  Edward  W.  of  Cambridge, 
and  was  graduated  in  1793.  He  was  engaged 
in  the  Russia  and  India  trade. 

WIGHT,  Jabf.Z,  minister  in  Norwich,  Conn., 
died  in  1782,  aged  81.  Born  in  Dedham,  he 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1715;  was  pastor  of  tho 
fifth  society  in  N.  in  1726. 

WIGHT,  Eben'EZKR,  second  minister  of  Hollis 
street  church,  Boston,  died  in  1821,  aged  about 
65.  Born  in  Ucdham,  he  graduated  at  Harvard 
in  1776,  and  succeeded  Dr.  M.  Byles  in  1778. 
His  successors  were  West,  Holley,  Pierpont. 

WIGHT,  IlENKT,  D.  I).,  died  in  Bristol,  R.  I., 
Aug.  12,  1837,  aged  84.  Born  in  Medfield,  he 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1782.  For  one  year, 
while  the  college  exercises  were  suspended,  he 
served  in  the  army.  He  was  sole  pastor  in  B. 
from  1785  to  1815,  and  then  had  a  colleague  till 
1828.  He  kept  a  daily  record  seventy  years. 
He  died  iu  peace,  leaving  a  widow  and  seven 
children. 

WIGIITMAN,  Valentine,  a  Baptist  minister, 
died  at  Grotoii,  Conn.,  in  1796,  aged  76,  in  the 
forty-second  year  of  his  ministry. 

WILBUR,  Hervey,  died  at  Newburyport 
Jan.  5,  1852,  aged  65.  Born  in  Worthington, 
his  late  education  was  with  several  ministers  in 
Oneida  county,  N.  Y.    As  a  preacher  he  was  use- 


ful in  various  places,  and  was  minister  of  WiMidcil 
six  years  from  1817.  Then  lie  was  at  the  head 
of  several  female  seminaries,  and  prepared  and 
delivered  astronomical  and  olher  lectures,  with 
illuminated  diagrams.  He  publiHhed  a  sermon 
on  religious  education  )  the  reference  liil)le  j  and 
various  school  books  and  manuals.  —  Dinivtirk'a 
Hrrwnn. 

WILCOX,  Joseph,  general,  died  at  Marietta, 
Ohio,  in  1817.  Before  he  went  to  the  west  lie 
lived  at  Killingworth  and  was  marshal  of  Con- 
necticut.    He  was  an  officer  of  the  Revolution. 

WILCOX,  RoiiKKT,  captain,  died  at  Lebanon, 
Conn.,  in  1822,  aged  71  )  a  native  of  Newport. 
He  was  during  the  whole  war  of  the  Revolution 
on  board  of  shi])s,  excej)t  when  a  prisoner  two 
years.  He  was  with  Paul  Jones,  and  was  the 
first  who  boarded  from  the  Bon  Homme  Richard 
the  British  ship  Serapis,  which  was  captured, 
while  the  American  ship  sunk. 

WILCOX,  Carlos,  a  poet  and  minister  of 
Hartford,  Conn.,  died  at  Danbury  of  the  con- 
sumption May  20,  1827,  aged  32.  He  was  born 
at  Newport,  N.  II.,  Oct.  22, 1794,  but  his  parents 
soon  removed  to  Orwell,  Vt.  He  graduated  at 
Middlebury  college  in  1813)  studied  theology  at 
Andover )  and,  after  preaching  in  various  ])laces, 
and  spending  two  or  three  years  in  writing  his 
poems,  was  ordained  ot  Hartford  in  Dec,  1824. 
In  consequence  of  ill  health  ho  was  dismissed  in 
May,  1820.  His  intimate  friends,  whom  he  com- 
memorated in  his  poetry,  were  Allen,  Lamed, 
Fisher,  Parsons,  Fisk,  and  Andrus.  He  had  the 
genius  of  a  poet.  A  long  and  interesting  ac- 
count of  him  is  given  in  Dr.  Sprague's  annals. 
His  principal  poems  ore  the  age  of  benevolence, 
and  the  religion  of  taste,  both  of  which  were  pub- 
lished in  his  remains,  8vo.  1828. 

WILDE,  Richard  Henry,  born  in  Balti- 
more, was  attorney-general  of  Georgia,  and  died 
suddenly  of  a  fever,  as  i)rofessor  of  law  in  Louis- 
iana at  New  Orleans,  Sept.  10,  1847,  aged  68. 
For  several  years  he  was  a  member  of  congress. 
He  was  best  known  as  a  scholar  and  poet.  He 
published  a  work  on  the  love,  madness,  and  im- 
prisonment of  Tasso. 

WILDE,  Samuel  Sumner,  LL.  D.,  judge, 
died  in  Boston  June  12,  1855,  aged  84. '  Born 
at  Taunton,  Feb.  5,  1771,  he  graduated  at  Dart- 
mouth in  1789.  He  practiced  low  in  Augusta, 
Me.  j  for  thirty-five  years  from  1815  to  1851  he 
was  a  judge  of  the  supremo  court  of  Massachu- 
setts )  then  lived  five  years  in  retirement.  lie 
was  a  member  of  the  Hartford  convention.  His 
daughter,  the  wife  of  Attorney-general  C.Cusbin|{, 
died  some  years  before  him.  He  was  skilled  in 
the  law  of  real  estate,  and  his  decisions  on  the 
common  law  were  respected.  He  published  ora- 
tion July  4,  1797  ;  masonic  oration,  1799. 

WILDER,  Luke,  captain,  an  oiScer  of  the 


WILDER. 

Ilevoliitionnry  nrmy.diiil  ot  lianKor.Mc,  in  1830, 
AKL-d  H2.  liorii  ill  I.nricuNtcr,  Miihh.,  hu  murclud 
til  join  Sinrk  tit  lU'iiningtoii. 

WIF.DKIl,  John,  miiiiHtcr  of  Attlchoro'.  difd 
in  WW,  n^fd  77.  Horn  in  Toinplcjton,  lie  grnd- 
uatvd  ut  Dartmouth  in  17H-I,  nnd  wan  pnittur  an 
giicccHHorof  H.  Wold  from  171)0  to  \H->'i.  He 
y/iiH  Hucci'fdcd  liy  T.  Williams.  IIo  was  a  faith- 
ful minister,  and  witnessed  several  revivals  of 
religion  among  his  people.  He  published  scv- 
criil  sermons. 

WILDKU,  Jonah,  of  Brighton,  a  highly  es- 
teemed teacher,  died  at  Newton  in  June,  1830, 
aged  31). 

WILDER,  Natiianiki.,  died  at  Wendell,  Mass., 
Jan.  24,  1831,  aged  100  j  a  Revolutionary  pen- 
sioner. 

WILDMAN,  Benjamin,  minister  of  Wood- 
bury, Conn.,  was  settled  colleague  with  Mr.  Ora- 
hom  Oct.  22,  1700,  and  died  Aug.  2,  1812,  aged 
70.  He  was  a  graduate  of  1753 ;  a  faithful,  an- 
imated, po])ular  minister.  Rum-drinking  was  un 
evil  custom  of  his  day.  Once  he  asked  Dr.  Bel- 
lamy as  to  the  best  means  of  persuading  his  peo- 
ple to  attend  meeting.  The  advice  given  was, 
"Place  a  barrel  of  rum  under  the  pulpit." — 
"  Ah,"  sold  Mr.  Wildman,  "  I  am  afraid  to  do 
this,  for  I  should  have  the  attendance  of  half  the 
church  of  Bethlehem  every  Sabbath ! "  There 
was  then  a  ca.se  of  discipline  for  intemperance 
pending  in  that  church.  At  a  wood-bee,  when 
his  parishioners  brought  loads  of  wood,  the 
custom  was  to  ask  them  to  drink  before  they 
unloaded.  A  jocose  poor  man,  wanting  a  share 
of  refreshment,  entered  the  wood-yard  with  a 
heavy  log  on  his  shoulder;  the  minister  cried 
out  to  him,  "  Come,  come,  good  friend  j  come 
in  and  drink  before  you  unload ! " 

WILEY,  Edward,  died  in  Savannah  in  1850, 
an  honorable  merchant.  Born  in  New  York,  he 
lived  thirty  years  in  S.  In  1842  he  foiled  in 
business,  and  compromised  with  his  creditors  for 
fifty  cents  on  a  dollar,  and  obtained  a  full  release. 
But  in  a  few  years,  having  repaired  his  losses,  he 
paid  up  the  entire  balance. 

WILEY,  John,  M.  D.,  died  in  Brooklyn  in 
1852,  bequeathing  more  than  20,000  dollars  to 
hospitals  and  other  charities. 

WILKIN,  James  W.,  general,  died  in  Goshen, 
N.  Y.,  in  1845,  aged  82.  He  was  much  engaged 
in  public  life,  and  was  respected  and  beloved. 

WILKINS,  Daniel,  first  minister  of  Amherst, 
N.  H.,  died  in  1785,  aged  about  70.  lie  gradu- 
ater'  at  Harvard  in  1730,  and  was  ordained  in 
June,  1741.  The  next  mhiistcr  was  J.  Barnard, 
ordained  in  1780. 

WILKINS,  John,  general,  died  at  Pittsburg, 
Va.,  in  1810,  aged  54. 

WILKINS,  James  C,  colonel,  died  at  Louis- 
ville, Ky.,  in  1849.    Bom  in  Pennsylvania,  he 
108 


WILLARD. 


857 


removed  about  IfiOfl  to  Mi«Hi»»ippt,  ond  w;im  nn 
i-minent  cotton  niir(  Imnl,  of  tlic  lirm  of  U  ilklin 
and  I.lutoii,  New  Orliaim.  Mr  »u»(liiiritul.iiuiid 
goneroi*.  Miuiy  mcrcluuil*  in  dilKtully  cxptri- 
onced  his  kind  aid  i  tlic  widow  and  orplmii  ho 
did  not  forget. 

WILKINSON,  Jkmima,  an  impostor,  died  in 
IHM).  She  was  born  in  Ciimlifrland,  R.  I.,  nliout 
1753,  and  won  educated  atluukir.  Slii'  wu»  art- 
ful, bold,  and  zealous.  About  1773,  when  she 
recovered  from  a  tit  of  Hltkness,  in  which  nho 
had  been  oppaniitly  dead,  she  announcfd  thiit 
she  had  been  roised  from  the  dead,  iiiid  had  re- 
ceived a  divine  commission  os  a  religious  teacher. 
Having  made  a  fiw  proselytes,  she  removid  with 
them  to  the  State  of  New  York,  and  Hcttlid  near 
Seneca  and  Crooked  Lakes,  calling  her  villugo 
Jerusalem.  In  consequence  of  the  dupery  of  her 
followers,  she  was  enabled  to  live  in  a  style  of 
elegonce,  being  waited  ujion  by  half  a  dozen 
handsome  girls.  She  inculcated  poverty!  but 
was  careful  to  be  the  owner  of  lantls,  i)urclmsed 
in  the  name  of  her  companion,  Rachel  Miller. 
When  she  jircached,  she  stood  in  the  door  of  her 
bed-chamber,  wearing  a  waistcoat,  a  stock,  and  a 
white  silk  cravat.  In  a  short  time  her  followers 
began  to  fall  off. 

WILKINSON,  James,  general,  a  soldier  of  the 
Revolution,  died  Dec.  28,  1825,  aged  08.  Ho 
was  born  in  Maryland  about  1757,  and  studied 
medicine.  In  1775  he  repaired  to  Cambridge  a* 
a  volunteer.  In  1770  he  was  a  cajitain  in  a  regi- 
ment which  j)roceeded  to  Canada.  On  the  sur- 
render of  Burgoyne  he  carried  the  dispatches  to 
congress  and  received  the  brevet  of  brigadier- 
general.  After  the  peace  he  settled  in  commer- 
cial business  in  Kentucky.  Again  he  entered  the 
army  and  had  the  command  on  the  MissiNsippi. 
In  the  war  of  1812  he  served  on  the  northern 
frontiers.  Not  long  before  his  deiitli  he  went  to 
Mexico,  where  he  was  attacked  with  the  diar- 
rhoea, which  is  common  among  strangers.  At 
the  age  of  50,  he  married  Miss  Trudeau,  aged  20. 
He  published  memoirs  of  my  own  times,  3  vols., 
8mo.,  1810. 

WILKINSON,  Abraham,  died  at  Pawtuckct, 
R.  I.,  in  1840,  aged  80.  With  Slater  he  founded 
the  first  cotton  factories  at  Pawtucket. 

WILLARD,  Simon,  major,  of  Salem,  died  at 
Chnrlestown,  where  he  was  holding  a  court,  in 
1070,  aged  about  70.  The  son  of  Richard  of 
Kent  in  England,  he  came  to  this  country  in 
1034 !  lived  a  short  time  at  Cambridge ;  in  1035 
was  chief  of  the  settlers  of  Concord  ;  then  lived 
in  Lancaster  and  Groton,  from  which  last  place  he 
was  driven  by  the  Indian  war  in  1070;  at  last  he 
resided  in  Salem.  He  sustained  various  civil 
otfices,  and  was  skilful  as  a  soldier.  His  wives 
were  Mary  Sharp ;  Elizabeth,  sister  of  President 
Duuster ;  Mary  D.,  the  cousin  of  the  president; 


H58 


WII.LAnD. 


WILLARD. 


ind  by  thcio  lie  had  n  goodly  number  of  children, 
«bo  DiiKht  help  to  |ii>o|ili'  a  new  rotintry,  —  nuie 
torn  and  liffht  dmiKhterii.  It  U  not  known 
)y  which  of  theiic  wives  I'renidcnt  Willtrd  wan 
hii  Kon.  —  Spraijue't  AnnnU, 

WILLAUI>,  Samuki,,  miniitcr  in  Hnittnn  and 
vice-]>rcNident  of  Ilarviird  cniieffe,  died  Sept.  12, 
1707,  Bifvd  07.  lie  wnw  the  inn  of  Mnjor  Simon 
W.,  and  wan  liorn  at  Concord  Jun  -M,  lOiO.  Me 
wai  graduated  at  Harvard  college  xw  HlfiU.  He 
wan  afterward  nettled  the  mininter  of  (iroton  in 
1003 1  but  the  ravage*  of  the  Indian  war  drove 
him  fVom  that  place  in  1070.  U.  Ilobart  iiuc- 
ceedcd  liJni  at  O.  He  wan  nettled  colleague  with 
Mr.  Thacher,  the  firit  mininter  of  the  old  nouth 
church  in  Uoiton,  April  10,1078.  In  1700  he 
received  Mr.  I'cmlierton  as  an  aniiatant  minintcr. 
Afler  the  resignation  of  Prenident  Mather,  he  ai 
vice-prenident  took  the  superintendence  of  Har- 
vard college  Sept.  0,  1701,  and  presided  over  th  ii 
seminary  till  his  death.  President  Leveret*  uc- 
oeedod    him.      Uy  two  wives    ho    'lod    i   i^'   y 

children.     Mr.  \V.  possessed  very  super''      i • 

era  of  mind.  His  imagination  v  as  ncn  mough 
not  luxuriant,  his  perception  wa.  rapid  and  cor- 
rect, and  in  argument  he  was  profound  and  clear. 
His  learning  also  was  vei';>  considerable.  In 
controversy  he  was  a  champion,  defending  the 
cause  of  truth  with  courage,  and  with  enlightened 
and  affectionate  zeal.  All  his  talents  niul  n'qui- 
sitions  were  devoted  to  God,  who  had  created 
him  anew  in  Christ  Jesus,  and  implanted  in  his 
heart  all  the  pure,  and  humble,  and  lovely  virtues 
of  Christianity.  In  the  time  of  the  witchcraft 
delusion  he  distinguished  himself  by  opposing 
the  rash  proceedings  of  the  courts.  The  cata- 
logue of  his  writings  occupied  a  page  in  Dr. 
Sprague's  Annals.  His  chief  work  is  his  body 
of  divinity,  a  folio  volume,  made  up  of  monthly 
lectures,  delivered  for  nineteen  years.  His  doc- 
trine of  the  divinity  is :  "  There  is  one  essence  or 
substance  and  three  distinct  subsistences  in  the 
Godhead.  These  subsistences,  which  are  eternal, 
ore  relative  properties,  and  not  merely  relations. 
The  unity  of  essence  makes  the  Oodhead  one ; 
the  three  subsistences  make  the  three  persons. 
The  Father's  manner  of  subsistence  consists  in 
his  begetting  tV  >  'ion  The  Son's  manner  of  sub- 
sisting consists  J  <  J.  f)  liuing  begotton  of  the 
Father.    Th'  /i  >1;      '.".  manner  of  jting 

consists  in  h.  ,,  iii"j  'Joth  from  tlie  Father 
and  from  the  Son."  All  this  theoretical  expla- 
nation is  rejected  in  the  more  modern  theory  of 
Professor  Stuart.  He  published  a  sermon  to 
the  second  church  after  they  had  received  the  cov- 
enant ;  a  discourse  on  the  death  of  J.  Leverett, 
1679;  of  Maj.Thos.  Savage,  1082;  animadversions 
on  the  Baptists,  1681 ;  covenant-keeping  the  way 
to  blessedness ;  on  the  fiery  trial ;  at  a  fast;  elec- 
tion sermon,  1682 ;  the  child's  portion,  1684 ;  on 


Justification ;  heavenly  merchandise,  lOAO ;  nn 
laying  hands  on  the  bil)lo  in  swearing,  lONll;  the 
barren  (ig-tree'i  doom  i  against  exccnnive  sorrow ; 
the  danger  of  taking  the  name  of  tiod  in  vnin  ; 
on  prominc-kceping,  1001 ;  on  worHhip])ing  (iod; 
on  discerning  the  times ;  on  the  doctrine  of  ih« 
covenant  of  redemption,  1003)  at  the  electtim  i 
at  a  fast ;  the  law  establinhed  by  the  goHpel, 
lout  I  spiritual  desertions  dincovered  and  n  me- 
died,  lOUO)  a  remedy  against  despair  i  love'ti 
pedigree;  the  perils  of  the  times  displayed,  the 
substance  of  several  sermons ;  on  the  calling  of 
the  Jews,  1700;  the  Christian's  exercises  l)y 
Satan's  teni]>tations ;  caution  about  swearing  ;  on 
the  death  of  W.  Stoughton,  1701;  at  a  fast; 
Israel's  true  arfety,  1704;  fountain  opened,  or 
blcssingp  (.<  )ie  'lisponscd  at  the  national  conver- 
sion I  .M'  'uw<  1727;  sacramental  meditations. 
1  .N  1  ix/OH  V  "<  ,  und  the  first  folio  volume  on 
tlitinit)  printed  in  this  country,  was  published  in 
:  K  '  *itled  a  body  of  divinity  in  two  hundred 
and  hi'  /  expository  lectures  on  the  assembly's 
shorter  cu^echism.  It  is  considered  as  a  work  of 
great  merit.  —  Pembertou't  Serm, ;  Sjrrague. 

W'TJ  MID,  Samuel,  minister  of  Biddcford, 
Me.,  died  in  1741,  aged  35.  The  son  of  John,  a 
merchant  at  Kingston,  Jamaica,  and  grandson 
of  llcv.  Samuel  of  Boston,  he  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1723.  His  wife  was  the  daughter  of 
Samuel  Wright  of  Rutland.  He  was  the  father 
of  President  Joseph  Willard.  —  Sprague. 

WILLAIID,  JosiAll,  secretary  of  Moss.,  the 
son  of  llev.  Samuel  W.,  of  Boston,  died  in  1750, 
aged  7tj.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
1008.  In  June,  1717,  the  king  appointed  him 
secretary  of  his  native  province,  and  he  was  con- 
tinued in  that  station  thirty-nine  years  till  his 
death.  He  was  also  a  judge  of  the  probate  of 
wills  and  a  member  of  the  council.  While  he 
commanded  the  highest  respect  in  the  public  offi- 
ces which  he  sustained,  his  heart  was  the  abode 
of  all  the  Christian  virtues.  —  SewalVa  and 
Prince's  Sermons, 

WILLAIID,  JosiAH,  first  minister  of  Sunder- 
land,  Mass.,  died  in  1 790,  nfjcd  90.  He  was  set- 
tled in  1718,  and  resigned  in  1721. 

WILLARD,  Joseph,  1  >.  D.,  LL.,  I).,  president 
of  Harvard  college,  died  Sept.  25, 1804,  agtd  C5. 
H*"  was  bom  at  Biddeford  Dec.  29,  1738,  the  son 
of  Rev.  Samuel  W.  lie  was  graduated  at  Har- 
vard college  in  1765;  and  was  ordained  Nov.  25, 
1772, as  acoUeague  with  Mr.  Champney,  minister 
of  Beverly,  where  heeontinued  in  the  high  esteem 
of  the  people  of  his  chnrgo  till  he  was  elected 
president  in  the  place  of  Dr.  Langdon.  Into  this 
ofRce  he  was  inducted  Dec.  19,  1781.  During 
the  last  years  of  his  life  his  usunl  health  was  un- 
settled. He  died  at  New  I'-edford.  Ilis  widow, 
Mary,  daughter  '  ^  Jacob  Shcafe  of  Portsmouth, 
died  in  March,  1826.    Mr.    Webber  succeeded 


\ . 


WILI.ARn. 


WIM.IAMS. 


850 


him.  Ho  wan  (liMinKuinluil  for  hU  arqiinintnnc- 1  00.  Uc  wiu  in  f<.rt  Stunwijc  Ann.  3.  1777.  whrn 
with  chinfical  ii(i>ralurc  mid  with  nmliicninlicoi  ,  it  wn- invi'Mid  hy  St.  I,|.^.t.  AiiK.Oih  hi- unliicd 
niid  nHtroiiomicul  mii'iuT.  UU  iilliiiiim<iiti«  in  fri.tu  the  tort  iim'!  l.ni\rU  aiiiukrci  ihr  .•lumy  in 
(Jrffli  IcurniiiK  liuvii  Ih'om  i'(|millfil  l,y  tVw  •"  "rdi  r  to  lavnr  Ihrnpiiruac  h -if  ll(  rkim.r  with  rtid  i 
Ami'rirn.  At  ihp  IumuI  of  thi-  hi  \,.r«itv  he  j  l>w  It  Jmd  li.vii  d.fnitr.!.  In  ii  f.w  dii)»  hr  imd 
iiiitiKhd  imfi-riiHl  triidcriii'M  with  •  inii!,-)rity,  ono  oliiccr  cnrctrd  n  murili  ..f  lirty  iiiil.;ii  tilr()ll^h 
mid  liy  lii"  Uiniiillfd  pfrHOii  mid  diporimciit  urtitfd    ihi>  wildfrncM  to  (iirnmn  l''lal«,iii  ordt-r  to  iir({0 

with  fniidor,  Kt'iurimily,  mid  l)i'iit'Vo!c'iic«>,  W  itr-     '  

iiir»'d  at   the   iwimu  timo  rtK|)(.ot  imd  •flfcciion. 

]|i.  piildiNht'd  tt  iliunkfiKivinK  sprmo*.  ITHS ;  nt    n-y'H  town 


till'  Hcndiiinof  Hiithciciit  aid  to  the  fort.     July  10, 
17n1,  hi-  dil'i'iittd  n  |iiiity  of  ilic  iiuniy  nt  t'or- 


thc  ordiiiaiioii  of  J.  MiKvcii,  17"\);  on  tii«- 
(Ic'i*  li  "f  l-  Uiihnrd,  l7lM)j  id  lht<  ofdinalinii  of 
II.  rackiiitl.  I7!»;J;  a  Latin  ad  lrc»H  on  tiio  dciith 
of  Washington,  ,.it'll.\«'d  to  'riippan'M  diMCourBc, 
IHOO  .  aiidraatheraalicahuid  aNtronomiculconiniii- 
nicttlionit  in  the  memoirs  of  tiio  Amoricnn  acad- 
emy.—  Webber's  I'^'-logy;  Uoliiui;  I'earxon . 
Upriiiitif. 

WILLAUD.JoHN.l).  T).,  minister  of  Stiitr,i  -1, 
Conn.,  died  Knh.  Itt,  lHti7,  aged  almu'  7(1.  H. 
was  the  lirothcr  of  rriisident  Willard,  and  K'"ad- 
uated  at  Harvinl  in  17jl.  For  more  nhnn  fifty 
years  lie  wbh  a  faithful  minister,  with  lir'li'  oom- 
jiensntion  for  his  services,  toilinj?  with  his  umds 
for  his  own  subsistence.  He  wa.s  respected  or  his 
talents  and  acii  iremeiits,  and  generous  kindness 
to  the  young,  \>  lio  nouiksd  his  aid  in  acquiring  uii  j  l«m 
cducotion.  arr 

WILLAIID,  vMUEL,  a  jihysieian,  died  in  Ux- 
bridge,  Mass.,  ii,  ISll,  aged  03. 

WILLAUD,  J.  sKPii,  son  of  Rev.  John,  di-^d 
at  Lancaster,  N.  H.,  in  1827,  aged  00.  He 
graduated  at  Ilni  ard  in  1784  i  was  pastor  in 
North  Wilhraham,  Mass.,  from  1787  to  1794; 
then  of  Lancaster,  N .  IL,  from  1794  to  1822. 

WILLAUl),  Josi  I'll,  minister  of  Mendon, 
Mass.,  died  in  1828,  ^ed  86.  He  graduatrd  at 
Harvard  in  1765,  aiul  was  pastor  from  17ti>9  to 
1782,  and  was  succeed  d  by  C.  Alexander.  His 
predecessors  were  J.  Rmerson,  0.  Rawson,  J. 
Dorr.  He  next  was  in  lalled  in  1785  at  lloxbo- 
rough,  where  he  continurd  nearly  forty-three  years. 
WILLARD,  Simeon,  died  at  Boston  Sept.  20, 
1848,  aged  95 ;  long  kno  vn  as  a  clock-maker. 

WHiLARD,  AsiiBEL,  Dr.,  died  at  Wrcntham 
Nov.  20,  1852,  aged  85. 

Wn.LARD,Sii.NEY,i,)  )fes8or  of  Hebrew,  etc., 
at  Harvard  collegr,  died  Dec.  0,  1850,  aged  70. 
The  son  of  President  W.,  lu  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1798;  was  librari;  u  of  the  college  from 
1800  to  1805;  was  profes  ir  of  Hebrew,  as  suc- 
cessor of  Dr.  Pearson  from  1807  to  1831.  He 
published  a  Hebrew  grammar,  1817.  —  Boston 
Advertiser,  Dec.  10,  1850. 

W^ILLES,  Henuy,  ministc  r  of  Franklin,  Conn., 
from  1718  to  1749,  died  in  1758.  His  society 
was  at  time  of  settlement  called  West  Farms, 
Norwich.     He  was  graduated  at  Yale  in  1715. 

WHjLET,  Marinus,  colont  I,  a  soldier  of  the 
Revolution,  died  in  Now  York,  Aug.,  1830,  aged 


WlLLl'.Y.A.NNA,  Mrs.,  died  in  Concord, N.  H., 
in  IKL'j,  n^'i'd  100. 

WIIl.KV,  I'.MJAii  !■'.,  a  IlaptiM  minister,  died 
lit  Clcvi'lnnd,  Ohio,  in  iHM.agid  55. 

WILLKY,    CiiAKi.Ks,    diud    in    Nottingham, 
W.,  Jan.  '-':i.  IHO.'I, ngid  107:  he  was  a  soldier 
i'-  Uevolutionary  wur. 

\  '  I.IAMS,  TiiDMAst,  oneof  iho  Pilgrims  in 
the  M  slkiwci  in  1(120.  He  di,,!  Iicforc  the  end 
of  Mbj^  of  th  lext  yeor.  lie  left  no  descend- 
ant. 

WHJ.    ^MS,  Roger,  the  father  of  Providence 

mlaiioi,  lied  in  April,  10.<3,  aged  84.  Ho 
V      '>oru  i:    Wales  in    l.jOO,  and  was  educated  at 


chufch 

t> 

choi- 
try  I 
he 

KiiK, 
lowslii 
would 
muned 
the  til 
that  til 
of  the  !Sii 
of  the  fu> 
mer  he  wa 
he  preaclic" 
two  years, 
after  the  den 
sole  ministei' 


!•  hiiviiig  been  a  minister  in  the 
of  1    ifland,  his  nonconformity  induced 
<ovi    ..Tfljgious  liberty  in  America.     Ho 
Hull  Feb.  5,  1031.    In  April  he  was 
.,  *(-if(l*»rt  to  Mr.  Skelton  in  the  minis- 
•!em.     Nuch  was  his  puritanic  zeal,  that 
■d      r  a  coiniilete  Ncpariition  from  the 
ucli,  iind  even  refumd  -n  johi  in  fuU 
I  lii>  iirethren  in  IJostoii,  unless  they 
(.'  their  repentance  for  hav'ng  com- 
•<■  they  came  to  tliis  country,  with 
E.ngland.    He  was  of  oj)inion,also, 
1    iwr^e  might  not  punish  the  breach 
ath,  or  any  violation  of  the  precept* 
d)le.     Before  the  close  of  the  siim- 
iligcd  to  retire  to  Plymouth,  where 
s  an  assistant  to  5Ir.  Smith  about 
'   UV.V.l  he  returned  to  Salem,  and, 
^Ir.  Skelton  in  1634,  was  the 
t      .0  church.    His  peculiar  senti- 


ments and  conduct  soon  brought  him  before  the 
court,  where  he  was  accused  of  asserting  that 
offences  against  the  first  table  of  the  law  ought 
not  to  be  punished,  unless  they  disturbed  the 
public  peace ;  tiint  an  oath  ought  not  to  be  ten- 
dered to  an  unri'generatc  man ;  that  a  Christian 
should  not  pray  « ith  the  unregencrate ;  and  that 
thanks  ought  not  to  be  given  after  the  sacrament, 
nor  after  meat.  He  asserted  thot  the  Massachu- 
setts patent  was  invalid  and  unjust,  because  a  fair 
purchase  had  not  been  made  of  the  Indians.  Ho 
even  vct'used  to  commune  with  the  members  of 
his  own  church,  unless  they  would  sejiarate  from 
the  polluted  ond  anti-Christinn  churches  of  New 
England.  As  he  could  not  he  induced  to  retroct 
ony  of  his  opinions,  sentence  of  banishment  was 


860 


WILLIAMS!. 


WILLUMS. 


passed  upon  him  in  1G35.  Ho  obtnincd  pprmis- 
sion  to  remain  till  sjirinp;;  but,  as  he  jiersisted  in 
prenchinf;  in  liis  own  house,  orders  were  sent  in 
Jan.,  lC3(i,  to  seize  liitn  and  send  him  toKrif^lai  I. 
He  esca|)e(l,  and  went  with  four  of  his  friends  to 
Seekhonck,  now  llehohoth,  and  crossinff  the  river 
laid  the  foundation  of  a  town,  which,  in  acknowl- 
edgment of  God's  goodness  to  him,  he  called 
Providence.  His  early  associates  were  John 
Throckmorton,  William  Arnold,  William  Harris, 
Stukley  Wescot,  John  Greene,  Thomas  Olney, 
Ilichard  Waterman,  Thomas  James,  llohert  Cole, 
William  Carpenter,  Francis  Weston,  and  Ezekiel 
Ilolliman.  He  purchased  the  huid  honestly  of 
the  Indians;  and,  while  he  enjoyed  liberty  of  con- 
science himself,  he  granted  it  to  others.  Having 
embraced  the  sentiments  of  the  Baptists,  he  was 
ba])tized  in  March,  1639,  by  one  of  his  brethren, 
and  he  then  baj)tizcu  Ezekiel  Ilolliman,  and  ten 
others.  But  he  soon  entertained  doubts  respect- 
ing the  correctness  of  his  principles  ;  the  church, 
which  he  had  formed,  was  dissolved;  and  he 
came  to  the  conclusion  that  baptism  ought  not 
to  be  administered  in  any  mode  without  a  revela- 
tion from  heaven.  At  this  period  he  studied  the 
Indian  language,  and  used  his  endeavors  to 
impart  to  the  savages  the  blessings  of  the  gospel. 
In  1643  he  went  to  England  us  agent  for 
the  colonists,  to  procure  an  act  confirming  their 
voluntary  government.  He  obtained  a  charter, 
and,  returning  with  it,  landed  at  Boston  in  Sept., 
1644.  Though  he  was  still  under  the  sentence 
of  banishment,  a  letter  of  recommendation  from 
some  of  the  princi])al  members  of  parliament 
secured  him  from  any  interruption  on  his  way 
to  Providence.  In  1651  he  went  again  as  agent 
for  the  colony  to  England,  and  continued  there  till 
1634.  On  his  return  he  was  cliosen  president  of 
the  government,  in  which  station  he  was  continued 
till  1657,  when  Benedict  Arnold  was  appointed. 
Being  zealous  against  the  Quakers,  he  in  1672 
held  a  public  dispute  with  three  of  their  most 
eminent  preachers,  which  occupied  three  days  at 
Newport  and  one  day  at  Providence.  Of  this 
dispute  he  afterwards  published  an  account.  His 
memory  is  deserving  of  lasting  honor  for  the 
correctness  of  his  opinions  resjjccting  liberty  of 
conscience,  and  for  the  generous  toleration  which 
he  established.  So  superior  was  he  to  the  mean- 
ness of  revenge,  and  such  was  his  magnanimity, 
that  he  exerted  all  his  influence  with  the  Indians 
in  favor  of  Massachusetts,  and  ever  evinced  the 
greatest  friendship  for  the  colony  from  which  he 
had  been  driven.  For  some  of  its  principal  men 
he  preserved  the  highest  affection,  and  main- 
tained a  correspondence  with  them.  In  his  con- 
troversial writings,  especially  with  Mr.  Cotton, 
respecting  toleration,  he  shows  himself  a  master 
of  argument.  His  talents  were  of  a  superior 
order.    In    the  religious  doctrines    which    he , 


embraced,  ho  seems  to  have  been  remarkably 
consistent.  The  Scriptures  he  read  in  the  origi- 
nals.  Though  his  writings  and  his  conduct  in 
the  latter  j)eriod  of  his  life  evince  that  he  was 
under  the  influence  of  the  Christian  sj)irit ;  yet 
his  mind  was  so  shrouded  in  doubt  and  uncer- 
tainty, tliat  he  lived  in  the  neglect  of  the  ordi- 
nances of  the  gospel.  He  did  not  contend,  like 
the  Quakers,  that  they  were  superseded,  but 
found  liimsclf  incapable  of  determining  to  what 
church  it  was  his  duty  to  u'-iite  himself.  He 
would  pray  and  j)reach  with  all  who  woidd  hear 
him,  of  whatever  denomination.  If  his  conscience 
had  been  enlightened,  one  would  sujipose  it  must 
have  re])roved  him  for  not  partaking  of  the  8a- 
crament  also  with  different  sects.  His  first  bap- 
tism he  ajjjjcars  to  have  renounced,  not  so  much 
because  he  was  dissatisfied  with  the  time  or  the 
mode  of  its  administration,  as  because  it  was 
received  in  the  church  of  England,  which  he 
deemed  anti-Christian.  He  published  a  key  to 
the  language  of  America,  or  a  help  to  the  tongue 
of  the  New  England  Indians,  8vo.,  1643,  which 
has  been  reprinted  in  the  collections  of  the  Mas- 
sachusetts historical  society  ;  an  answer  to  Mr. 
Cotton's  letter  concerning  the  power  of  the  mag- 
istrate in  matters  of  religion ;  the  bloody  tenet  of 
persecution  for  the  cause  of  conscience,  1644;  the 
bloody  tenet  yet  more  bloody  by  Mr.  Cotton's 
endeavor  to  wash  it  white  in  the  blood  of  the 
Lamb,  etc.,  to  which  is  added  a  letter  to  Mr. 
Endicott,  4to.,  1G52 ;  the  hireling  ministry  none 
of  Christ's,  or  a  discourse  on  the  jiropagation  of 
the  go8])el  of  Christ  Jesus  ;  ex])eriments  of  sjjir- 
itual  life  and  health,  and  their  preservatives, 
London,  1652 ;  George  Fox  digged  out  of  his 
burrows,  1676,  which  was  written  against  Fox 
and  Burrows,  and  gives  an  account  of  his  dis])ute 
with  the  Quakers.  An  answer  to  it  was  pubhshcd 
in  1679,  entitled,  a  New  England  fire-brar.d 
quenched.  —  WMhrop ;  Magnalia,  VII. ;  Hist. 
Collect. 

WILLIAMS,  John,  first  minister  of  Dcerfield, 
Mass.,  died  June  12,  1729,  aged  64.  He  was  the 
grandson  of  Ilobert,  who  came  to  this  country 
and  settled  in  Iloxhury  in  1638.  He  was  the 
son  of  Deacon  Samuel  W. ;  was  born  in  Box- 
bury,  Dec.  10,  1604  ;  and  was  graduated  at  Har- 
vard college  in  1683.  In  May,  1686,  he  was  or- 
dained at  Dcerfield,  a  frontier  town,  much  ex])osed 
to  the  incursions  of  the  savages.  In  the  beginning 
of  1704  information  was  received  from  Col. 
Schuyler  of  Albany  of  the  designs  of  the  enemy 
against  Dcerfield,  and  the  government,  at  the  soli- 
citation of  Mr.  W.,  ordered  twenty  soldiers  as  a 
guard.  In  the  night  of  Feb.  28tli,  the  watch 
patroled  the  streets,  but  before  morning  they 
went  to  sleep.  Three  hundred  French  and 
Indians,  who  had  been  hovering  about  the  town, 
when  they  perceived  all  to  be  quiet,  surprised  the 


sermon 
WII 

Mass., 
the  soi 
lloI)ert 
1633, : 
cousin, 
as  the  I 
his  dea 
His  pre 
of  chui 
age. 
that  til 
conder 


WILLIAMS. 

^rrison   house.    A  party  of  them   then  broke 
into  the  house  of  Mr.  W.,  who,  ns  soon  as  he  was 
awakened,  snatched   tlie   ])istol   from  the  tester, 
and  put  it  to  the  breast  of  tlie   first  Indian  that 
approached,    but   it   missed    fire.     Tlie  savages 
seized  and  bound  him.     Two  of  his  children,  and 
a  negro  woman  of  his  family,  were   taken  to  the 
door  iind  nun'dered.     His  wife,  the  only  daugh- 
ter of  Mr.  Mather   of  Nortliami)ton,  and   nil  his 
children,  excepting   his  eldest  son,  with  himself 
were  comi)elled  immediately  to  begin  their  march 
towards   Canada.     In   wading  a   small  river  on 
the  second  day,  Mrs.  W.,  wlio  had  scarcely  recov- 
ered from  a  late  confinement,  fell  down;  and  soon 
afterwards  an  Indian  killed  her  with  his  hatchet. 
About  twenty  other   prisoners  were  murdered, 
because  their  ktrengtli  begaa  to  fail  them.    At 
length,  after  witnessing  the  most  agonizing  scenes 
during  a  journey   of  three   hundred  miles,   he 
arrived  in  Canada.     Here  new  trials  awaited  him, 
for  every  exertion  was  made  to  convert  this  heretic 
to  popery.     Ilis  Indian  master,  after  seeing  the 
inefficacy  of  other   methods,  lifted  Iiis   hatchet 
over  the  head  of  his  prisoner,  and  threatened  to 
kill  him,  if  he  did  not  instantly  cross  himself  and 
kiss  a  crucifix ;  but  Mr.  W.  was  governed  by  too 
elevated  principles  to  be  made  to  violate  conscience 
from  regard  to  his  life.    He  was  redemed  in  1706. 
One  of  his  daughters  he  was  unable  to  bring 
with  him.     She  had  become  assimilated  to  the 
Indians,  and  afterwards  married  one  of  them  and 
embraced  the  Horn  an  Catholic  religion.    Settling 
again  in  Deerfield  he  continued  in  that  place  till 
his  death.    He  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Ashley. 
His  three  eldest  sons,  Eleazar,  Stephen,  and  War- 
liam,  were  ministers  of  Mansfield,  Sj)ringfield,  and 
AVatertown,  and  were  highly  respected  and  useful. 
He  published  warnings  to  the  unclean,  a  sermon 
at  the  execution  of  Sarah  Smith  at  Springfield, 
1698 ;  a  sermon  at  Boston  lecture  after  his  re- 
turn from  Canada;  God  in  the  camp,  1707;  the 
redeemed  captive,  12rao.,  which  gives  a  minute 
account  of  his  sufferings,  and  has  passed  through 
several  editions ;  a  serious  word  to  the  posterity 
of  holy  men,  calling   upon  them  to  exalt  their 
fathers'  God,  being  the  abstract  of  a  number  of 
sermons.  —  FoxcrofVs  Sermons ;  Sprague. 

"WILLIAMS,  William,  minister  of  Hatfield, 
Mass.,  died  suddenly  in  1741,  aged  76.  He  was 
the  son  of  Isaac  of  Newton,  and  grandson  of 
llohert  of  Iloxbury,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1633,  in  a  class  of  three,  one  of  whom  was  his 
cousin,  llev.  John  W.  From  1685  he  was  pastor, 
as  the  successor  of  N.  Chauney,  fift;y-six  years  till 
his  death,  and  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  AVoodbridgo. 
His  predeces.sor  was  Mr.  Atherton.  His  notions 
of  church  music  differ  from  those  of  the  jjresent 
age.  In  a  sermon  at  Watertown  in  1723  he  says, 
that  the  practices  of  a  corrupt  church  are  to  be 
condemned,  "  as  burning  of  caudles,  instrumental 


WILLIAMS. 


861 


music,  sacred  vestnirnts,  etc."  His  first  wife 
was  i:iizi,,  (laught.T  of  Krv.  .Seaborn  C.tton,  !>y 
whom  he  had  sons,  who  were  ministers,  —  M'iliiam 
of  Weston  and  rector  Klisha ;  his  second  wife 
was  Christian,  daughter  nl  llev.  S.  Stoddard,  by 
whom  ho  had  two  s„„^,  l{,.v.  ])r.  Solomon  anil 
Israel.  A  daughter  married  liev.  J.  Ashlev.  He 
])reachcd  a  half-century  sermon  from  his  'ordina- 
tion ;  and  so  also  did  his  son,  Sohmion ;  his 
grandson,  Eliphalet  of  Kasf  Hartford;  ami  his 
great-grandson,  Solomon  of  N'orthaniiilon.  He 
was  a  man  of  distinguished  talents.  He  pub- 
lished  a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of  Stephen 
Williams,  1710;  of  Warham  Wilhams,  1723; 
of  Nehemiah  Hull,  1720;  obligation  of  parents 
to  transmit  religion,  1721;  of  baptism;  the 
great  salvation  explained  in  several  sermons,  1717; 
election  sermon,  1719;  convention  sermon,  1720; 
on  the  death  of  S.  Stoddard,  1729;  the  duty  and 
interest  of  a  Christian  peojjle  to  be  steadfast ; 
directions  to  obtain  a  true  converson,  173(). 

WILLLVMS,  ELK.vzAn,  fisst  minister  of  Mans- 
field.  Conn.,  the  eldest  son  of  llev.  John  W.,  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1708;  was  or- 
dained in  1710;  and  died  Sept.  21,  1742,  aged 
53.  lie  published  the  election  sermon,  1723 ; 
sinners  invited  to  Christ,  three  sermons,  173j. 

WILLIAMS,  Wauiiam,  minister  of  Water- 
town,  Mass.,  west  precinct,  now  Waltham,  died 
in  1751,  aged  52.  The  son  of  llev.  John  of 
Deerfield,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1719,  and 
was  ordained  in  1723.  As  he  was  preaching  he 
was  struck  with  palsy,  four  months  before  his 
death.  —  Sprague. 

WILLIA.MS,  EnEXiczER,  first  minister  of  Pom- 
fret,  Conn.,  died  March,  1753,  aged  62.  The 
son  of  Deacon  Samuel  W.  of  Iloxbury,  and 
nephew  of  llev.  John,  he  graduated  at  Harvard 
in  1709,  and  was  ordained  in  1715.  His  wife  was 
Penelope  Chester,  the  daughter  of  John  C.  of 
Wethersfield.  He  was  a  good  scholar,  and  exerted 
an  influence  for  good.  In  his  last  days  he  be- 
came very  corpulent,  so  that  he  could  not  reach 
his  feet.  — '  Sprague. 

WILLIAMS,  CiiKSTicR,  minister  of  Hadley, 
died  in  1753,  aged  36.  The  son  of  llev.  Eben- 
ezer  of  Pomfret,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1735, 
and  was  a  tutor,  aad  wns  ordained  about  Jan., 
1741.  He  succeeded  Mr.  Chaimcy  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Dr.  Hopkins.  His  wife  was  Sarah, 
daughter  of  Eleazer  Porter  of  Hadley. — 
Sprague. 

WILLIAMS,  William,  minister  of  Weston, 
Mass.,  the  son  of  llev.  W.  W.  of  Hatfield,  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1705,  and  died 
in  1753,  aged  about  08.  His  wife,  a  daughter  of 
llev.  S.  Stoddard,  was  the  sister  of  his  father's 
second  wife.  As  his  widow  si:  a  married  William 
Smith  of  New  York.  He  published  a  sermon  at 
the  ordination  of  D.  Hall,  Sutton,  1729;  at  the 


862 


WILLIAMS. 


WILLIAMS. 


artillery  clpction,  1737  j  on  the  execution  of  P. 
Kciinison  for  burj^lary,  1738;  on  savinj^  faith; 
at  the  election,  1741;  on  the  death  of  Caleb 
Lyman,  1742;  of  his  wife,  1745. —  Spragnc. 

WILLIAMS,  Kpiiuaim,  colonel,  founder  of 
Williams  college,  died  in  175/3,  aged  40.  He  was 
born  in  1715,  was  the  son  of  E.  W.  of  Newton, 
who  was  afterwards  one  of  the  first  settlers  of 
Stockbridge.  In  early  life  he  made  several  voy- 
ages to  Europe.  Possessing  uncommon  military 
talents,  in  the  war  between  England  and  France 
from  1740  to  1748  he  found  ojjportunity  to  exert 
them.  The  command  of  the  line  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts forts  on  the  west  side  of  Connecticut 
river  was  intrusted  to  him.  At  this  period  he 
resided  chiefly  at  Iloosac  fort,  which  stood  on  the 
bank  of  Iloosac  river  in  Adams,  and  ho  also  com- 
manded a  small  fort  at  Williamstown,  three  or 
four  miles  distant.  In  1755  he  toc'k  the  command 
of  a  regiment  and  joined  Gen.  Johnson.  Sept. 
8th,  he  was  sent  out  at  the  head  of  one  thousand 
men  with  about  two  hundred  Indians  to  skirmish 
with  the  enemy  near  lake  George.  lie  was  am- 
buscaded, and  in  the  action  was  killed.  His  party 
retreated  to  the  main  body,  and  in  another  en- 
gagement on  the  same  day  the  enemy  were 
repulsed,  and  Baron  Dieukau  taken  prisoner. 
He  was  a  brave  soldier,  and  was  beloved  by  his 
troops.  He  was  affable  and  facetious.  His 
politeness  and  address  gained  him  great  influence 
in  the  general  court.  He  bequeathed  his  prop- 
erty to  the  establishment  of  a  free  school  in  the 
township  west  of  fort  Massachusetts,  on  the  con- 
dition that  the  town  should  be  called  Williams- 
town.  In  1785  trustees  were  appointed;  in  1791 
the  school  was  opened ;  and  in  1793  it  was  incor- 
porated as  a  college,  under  the  presidency  of  Dr. 
Fitch.  It  is  now  a  flourishing  seminary,. which 
does  honor  to  the  munificence  of  its  founder,  and 
to  the  liberality  of  the  general  court,  which  has 
patronized  it.  —  Coll.  Hist.  Soc. 

WILLIAMS,  Elisha,  president  of  Yale  col- 
lege, died  July  24, 1755,  aged  GO.  The  son  of  Rev. 
W.  W.  of  Hatfield,  he  was  graduated  at  Harvard 
college  in  1711.  He  was  the  minister  of  New- 
ington  in  Wethersfield,  Conn.  In  1726  he  was 
inaugurated  president  in  the  place  of  Dr.  Cutler ; 
but  his  impaired  health  induced  him  in  Oct.,  1739, 
to  resign  his  office,  and  Mr.  Clap  succeeded  him. 
He  now  lived  at  Wethersfield  and  was  soon  made 
a  justice  of  the  superior  court.  In  1745  he  went 
as  chaplain  in  the  expedition  against  Cape 
Breton.  In  the  following  year  he  was  appointed 
colonel  of  a  regiment  on  the  proposed  expedition 
against  Canada.  He  afterwards  went  to  Eng- 
land, where  he  married  a  lady  of  superior  accom- 
plishments. He  died  at  Wethersfield.  Dr.  Dod- 
dridge, who  was  intimately  acquainted  with  him, 
represents  him  as  uniting  in  his  character  "an 
ardent  sense  of  religion,  solid  learning,  consum- 


mate prudence,  great  candor  and  sweetness  of 
temper,  and  a  certain  nobleness  of  soul,  capable 
of  contriving  and  acting  the  greatest  things, 
without  seeming  to  l)e  conscious  of  his  having 
done  them."  He  presided  at  commencements 
with  great  dignity.  He  married  first  I'.unicc, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Chester,  a  grandson  of 
Leonard;  next  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  llcv. 
Thomas  Scott  of  Norwich,  England.  Few  men 
have  been  subjected  to  such  heavy  afflictions ;  yet 
he  bore  them  as  a  Christian.  Soon  after  1740  lie 
was  bereaved  of  his  eldest  son,  who  was  liberally 
educated  and  of  rare  endowments ;  then  of  his 
eldest  daughter,  gifted  and  eminently  jjious ;  then 
of  his  youngest  son,  a  graduate  of  Yale,  of  great 
promise.  About  1750  he  lost  a  daughter  of  ami- 
able and  engaging  qualities,  and  soon  afterwards 
his  beloved  wife  was  taken  away  from  him.  He 
published  a  sermon  on  divine  grace,  1727  ;  on  the 
death  of  T.  Kuggles,  1728 ;  the  rights  and  lib- 
erties of  Protestants,  1744.  —  Clap's  Hist,  of 
Yale  College;  Sprague. 

WILLIAMS,  SoLOMOX,  D.  D.,  minister  of 
Lebanon,  Conn.,  the  son  of  W.  W.,of  Hatfield, 
was  born  in  Jan.,  1701,  and  graduated  at  Har- 
vard college  in  1719.  He  was  ordained  Dec.  5, 
1722,  and  died  Feb.  29, 1776,  in  the  76th  year  of 
his  age  and  the  54th  of  his  ministry,  having  been 
one  of  the  distinguished  men  of  his  day.  His 
wife  was  Mary  Porter  of  Hadley.  He  published 
a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of  Jacob  Eliot,  1730; 
on  the  death  of  J.  Woodward,  1741 ;  of  John 
Robinson,  1739  ;  of  Rev.  Eleazer  Williams,  1743 ; 
of  Rev.  J.  Mcacham,  1752 ;  of  Rev.  Ebenezcr 
Williams,  1753;  of  Faith  Huntington,  1775;  on 
a  day  of  prayer ;  election  sermon,  1741 ;  the 
more  excellent  way,  against  enthusiasm,  1742; 
Christ  the  king  and  witness  of  the  truth,  1744; 
a  vindication  of  the  Scripture  doctrine  of  justify- 
ing faith,  in  answer  to  A.  Croswell,  1746;  ti  o 
true  state  of  the  question  concerning  the  qualifi- 
cations for  communion,  in  answer  to  J.  Edwards, 
1751;  for  success  in  arms,  1759;  half-century 
sermon,  1772. —  Sprague. 

WILLIAMS,  Stepuen,  D.  D.,  first  minister  of 
Longmeadow,  died  June  10,  1782,  aged  89,  in 
the  66th  year  of  his  ministry.  The  son  of  Rev. 
John  W.,  he  was  born  at  Deerfield,  M.iy  14, 
1693,  and  Feb.  29,  1704,  was  carried  captive  by 
the  Indians  to  Canada,  whence  he  returned  Nov. 
21,  1705.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college 
in  1713,  and  ordained  over  the  second  church  of 
Springfield,  now  Longmeadow,  Oct.  17,  1716.  In 
1745  he  went  to  Louisburg  as  a  chajilain  under 
Pepperrell,  and  in  1755  he  went  to  Lake  Cham- 
plain  in  the  same  capacity  under  Sir  W.  Johnson, 
and  in  1756  under  Winslow.  By  the  officers  and 
soldiers,  he  was  held  in  esteem  and  honor.  liy 
his  first  wife,  Abigail  Davenport,  he  had  seven 
children,  three  of  whom  were  ministers  ;  all  pres- 


WILLIAMS. 

cnt  at  his  funcrnl ;  his  son  Stephen  was  minister  ] 
of  Woodstock,  Wnrham  of  Nortliford,  and  Xathan 
of  Tolland.  His  wife  was  a  daughter  of  John 
Davcnjwrt  of  Stamford  and,  sister  of  llev.  John 
1).  Probahly  he  was  the  ])rincipal  means  of 
sending  a  missionary  to  the  Iloussatonnoc  Indi- 
ans, for,  Sept.  9,  1734,  he  went  to  New  Haven 
and  engaged  John  Sergeant  for  that  service.  He 
published  a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of  John 
Keep,  Sheffield,  1772.  —  Sprai/m's  Annals. 

WILLLVMS,  AniuiiAM,  minister  ef  Sandwich, 
Mass.,  died  in  1784,  aged  58.  Born  in  Marlbo- 
rough, he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1744,  and 
was  ordained  in  1749.  He  published  convention 
sermon,  1757. —  Sprague. 

WILLIAMS,  EUNICK,  a  captive  among  the  In- 
dians, died  in  Canada  about  178(),  aged  90.  She 
was  the  daughter  of  llev.  John  W.,  of  Ileerfield, 
born  in  1C96,  and  carried  captive  with  her  father 
in  her  8th  year.  She  soon  forgot  the  English 
language,  became  conformed  to  Indian  habits, 
and  married  an  Indian,  named  John  I)e  Rogers. 
She  could  not  be  persuaded  to  return  to  civilized 
life.  In  1 740  she  visited  her  brother  Stephen  at 
Longraoadow  i  and  she  made  subsequent  visits.  — 
Sprar/ue's  Annals. 

wiLLIAMS,  Warium,  minister  of  Northford 
society  in  Branford,  Conn.,  died  in  1788,  aged  62. 
The  son  of  llev.  Dr.  Stephen  W.,  he  graduated 
at  Yale  in  1745;  was  a  tutor  four  years;  and 
was  ordained  the  first  pastor  at  N.  in  1750.  By 
his  wife,  Ann,  the  daughter  of  llev.  S.  Hall  of 
Cheshire,  he  had  twelve  children.  His  second 
wife  was  the  widow  of  Col.  Whiting  of  New 
Haven.  He  was  a  scholar  and  a  solid  divine, 
being  ranked  "  among  the  weighty  characters  in 
the  ministry."  At  the  close  of  life  he  cherished 
a  humble  hope  as  to  the  future,  but  "  with  trem- 
bling."—  Sprague's  Annals. 

WILLIAMS,  Simon,  minister  of  Windham, 
N.  II.,  died  in  1793,  aged  64.  Born  in  Ireland, 
he  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1763,  and  was  or- 
dained in  1766. 

WILLIAMS,  Otho  Holland,  colonel,  died 
in  1794,  aged  45.  Born  in  Maryland,  he  was 
a  brave  officer  in  the  llevolutionary  war ;  held  a 
command  in  the  Maryland  line;  and  was  deputy 
adjutant-general  of  the  American  army.  At 
the  capture  of  fort  Washington  he  was  taken 
])risoner.  In  the  retreat  of  Greene  from  South 
Carolina  to  Virginia,  in  the  beginning  of  1781,  he 
was  intrusted  with  the  command  of  the  light 
corps  in  the  jjlace  of  Gen.  Morgan,  who  was  in- 
diK])oscd,  and  by  his  manueuvrcs  he  greatly 
eml)arrasscd  Cornwallis  in  his  pursuit.  After  the 
war  he  resided  at  Baltimore.  He  was  a  firm  and 
disinterested  patriot  as  well  as  a  gallant  soldier. 
In  the  relations  of  private  life  his  conduct  secured 
esteem. 


WILLIAMS. 


863 


was 
was 
was 


WILLIAMS,  John,  a  Bajitist  minister  in  Vir- 
ginia, died  in  179.-.,  aged  48.  He  was  born  in 
Hanover.  He  had  the  care  of  Merwin  church. 
He  had  fourteen  children.  His  appearance  was 
nol)lc  and  majestic. 

WlLLIAMS.XinKMiAU.minister  of  Brimfield, 
Mass.,  died  in  17!)().  ngod  about  47.  The  son  of 
Chester  Williams,  minister  of  Hadley,  lie 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  17()9.  He 
ordained  Feb.  9,  1775.  As  a  preacher  he 
distinguished  for  the  energy  and  pathos  with 
which  his  discourses  were  delivered.  His  life  was 
most  holy  and  benevolent,  but  on  his  dying  bed 
he  declared  that  his  hope  of  salvation  rested 
wholly  upon  the  free  and  sovereign  mercy  of  God 
through  Jesus  Christ.  At  the  moment  of  his 
departure  he  cried,  "I  have  finished  my  course 
with  joy,"  and,  clasping  his  hands  as  in  devotion, 
expired  without  a  struggle.  A  ])osthumous  vol- 
ume of  twentv-four  sermons  was  published.  — 
N.  Y.  Thcol.  Mag. 

WILLIAMS,  Edenkzeu,  minister  of  Falmouth, 
Me.,  died  in  1799,  aged  about  60.  Born  in  Ilox- 
hury,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1760 ;  succeeded 
Mr.  Wiswall  in  1765  ;  and  in  1798  was  succeeded 
by  ^Ir.  Miltimore. 

WILLIAMS,  Simon  F.,  first  minister  of  Mere- 
dith, N.  11.,  died  in  1800,  aged  about  40.  He 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1785,  and  was  pastor 
from  1792  to  1798;  and  was  succeeded  by  D, 
Smith  and  F.  Norwood. 

WILLIAMS,  Eliphalet,  D.  D.,  minister  of 
East  Hartford,  Conn.,  died  in  1803,  aged  76. 
The  son  of  Rev.  Solomon,  he  was  born  at  Leba- 
non Feb.  21, 1727 ;  graduated  at  Yale  college  in 
1743 ;  and  was  ordained  in  March,  1748.  His 
predecessor,  S.  Woodbridge,  was  minister  from 
1705  to  1746 ;  his  successors  were  Yates,  ordained 
in  1801,  Fairchild,  and  Mead.  His  wife  was  the 
daughter  of  Rev.  Warham  W.  Two  of  his  sons 
were  ministers,  Solomon  W.  of  Northampton,  and 
Elisha  W.  of  Beverly.  Few  ministers  live,  as  he 
lived,  to  preach  a  half-century  sermon  from  the 
time  of  ordination.  He  was  an  eminent  minister 
and  an  exemplary  Christian,  and  had  an  unblem- 
ished re])utation.  He  jniblished  a  sermon  on 
account  of  the  earthquake,  1755;  at  a  thanksgiv- 
ing, 1760  ;  at  the  election,  1769;  on  the  death  of 
Gov.l'itkin,  1769. 

WILLIAMS,  William,  died  at  Dalton,AIass., 
in  1808,  aged  74.  lie  graduated  at  Yale  in  1 754, 
and  was  clerk  of  the  common  pleas  of  Hamp- 
shire county  until  1775.  He  was  a  venernble 
Christian.  He  married  Dorothy,  daughter  of 
llev.  Jonathan  Ashley,  who  died  in  1833,  aged 
89.  His  father,  Israel  of  Hatfield,  died  in  1823, 
aged  79. 

WILLIAMS,  Henry,  first  minister  of  Leverett, 
Mass.,  died  in  1811,  aged  67.    Born  in  Stoning- 


8GI 


A\1LI-IAMS. 


AVII.TJAMS. 


toil,  Conn.,  lie  rcrcivcd  nn   linnornry  dcsvpc  frnm 
])nrtni()iitli  in  17n'.'.     lie  was  Milled  in  l"Nl. 

WILLIAMS.  Wii.i  i\M.  n  ]mtii()t  of  the  Ucvo- 
Iiition,  died  Aiifj.  2,  IHll,  .;,'fd  HO.  Tlio  son  of 
llev.  .Solomon  W.,  lie  was  I  ' n  at  I.ebunoii,  Conn., 
Aprii  H,  I7U1,  and  was  jiiraduated  at  Harvard  rol- 
lef^e  in  17ol.  In  17.0.5  lie  lielonj^ed  to  the  staff 
of  Col.  Ejiliraim  Williams,  and  was  enjfafjed  in 
the  battle  of  lake  fJeor},'c.  In  1770  and  1777  he 
was  a  member  of  con);ress  and  si<,'ned  the  decla- 
ration of  indeiiendeiice.  In  his  zcalou*  ]>atriot- 
ism  lie  made  j^reat  effort.s  and  sacrifices  for  tlie 
liberties  of  his  country.  His  wife  was  ii  daugh- 
ter of  Gov.  Trnmbull.  Ilis  surviving  son  lived  in 
Lebanon.  His  last  days  '■  :■  -e  devoted  to  reading, 
meditation,  and  jirayer.  l''rom  his  youth  till  his 
death,  he  was  a  deacon  of  the  church  and  an 
cxcni|)Iary  Christian.  —  Goodrich. 

WILLIAMS,  Uknjamix,  governor  of  North 
Carolina,  n  patriot  of  the  Jtevohilion,  was  for 
some  years  a  member  of  congress.  lie  was  gov- 
ernor from  1799  to  180'J,  and  again  in  1807,  and 
uied  .luly  'H),  1814. 

WILLIAMS,  Jonathan, brigadier-general,  was 
born  in  Boston  in  1702.  For  many  years  he  was 
at  the  head  of  the  engineer  corps  of  the  army. 
He  was  also  a  member  of  congress.  He  died  nt 
Philadelpliia  in  May,  1815,  aged  C3.  He  jiub- 
lished  a  memoir  on  the  use  of  the  thermometer 
in  navigation,  1799  j  elements  of  fortification, 
transl.,  1801 ;  Kosciusko's  manoeuvres  for  horse 
artillery,  transl,  1808. 

WILLIAMS,  Thomas,  Dr.,  died  at  Roxbury, 
Mass.,  in  1815,  aged  70. 

W^ILLIAMS,  AvKRY,  minister  of  Lexington, 
Mass.,  died  in  181G,  aged  about  34.  Born  in 
Guilford.Vt.,  he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1804, 
and  was  jiastor  after  J.  Clark  from  1807  to  1816. 
C.  Briggs  was  his  successor. 

WILLIAMS,  Samuel,  LL.  D.,  an  historian, 
died  in  Rutland,  Vt.,  1817,  aged  73.  He  was  the 
son  of  Rev.  Warliam  W.  of  Walthara,  Mass. ; 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  17C1 ;  and 
ordained  the  minister  of  Bradford  Nov.  20,  1765. 
He  was  professor  of  mathematics  at  Harvard  col- 
lege from  1780  till  1788,  when  he  resigned  and 
removed  to  Rutland,  where  he  preached  from 
1789  to  1795.  For  some  years  he  was  the  editor 
and  proprietor  of  the  Rutland  Herald.  He  pub- 
lished two  sermons  on  regeneration,  176Cj  nt 
ordination  of  T.  Barnard,  1773  j  of  J.  Prince, 
17H0  ;  on  the  love  of  country,  1775  ;  at  the  elec- 
tion, 1794;  evidence  of  personal  religion,  1799; 
love  of  country,  1799;  before  the  centre  lodge; 
the  natural  and  civil  history  of  Vermont,  in  8vo., 
1794 ;  second  edit,  in  2  vols.  1809 ;  a  masonic 
discourse,  and  several  scientific  papers. — 
Spragiic's  Annals. 

WILLIAMS,  Thomas,  Dr.,  died  in  Lebanon, 
Conn.,  in  1819,  aged   83.    He  was  the  son  of 


Rov.  Dr.  .''olonKin  W'.,  of  Lc'iaiionj  wai  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  in  17.')(i;  and  spent  bis  life  as  a 
practising  jibysieian. 

WILLIAMS,  Isaac,  died  Sept.  2.).  ISL'O.  nged 
84,  strong  in  the  faith  of  a  blessed  inimorliilitv, 
and  rich  in  good  deeds.  He  was  born  in  Chester 
county,  I'a.  At  the  age  of  IH  he  served  as  a 
ranger  and  sjiy  in  the  army  of  Braddock.  He 
settled  west  of  the  nioiiiitains  in  1709,  in  the  west 
of  Virginia,  lie  made  money  by  the  entries  of 
lands  in  a  singular  way.  By  girdling  a  few  trees 
and  jilanting  a  jiatch  of  corn  an  entry  was  made; 
and  thus  he  sold  many  lots  of  four  hundred  acres 
each  very  cheap  to  new-comers.  Then  the  owner 
liy  jiaying  a  small  sum  into  the  treasury  gained 
the  right  of  entering  one  thousond  acres  adjoin- 
ing. His  last  residence  and  ])lantation  was  oj)])n- 
site  the  mouth  of  the  Muskingum  on  the  Vir- 
ginia side  of  the  Ohio.  Of  course  he  was  likely 
to  hold  slaves.  He  was  so  generous,  that  once  in 
a  scarcity  ho  sold  hundreds  of  bushels  of  corn  to 
his  suffering  Ohio  neighbors  nt  fifty  cents  a 
bushel,  when  he  was  offered  by  speculators  three 
times  that  sum.  The  way  by  which  he  acquired 
his  fine  farm  was  this.  In  1773  his  wife's  brother, 
named  Tomlinson,  in  reward  of  her  services  as 
housekee])er,  chose  four  hundred  acres  oj)posite 
the  JIuskingum,  girdled  four  acres,  fenced  and 
planted  it  with  corn,  and  gave  it  to  her.  After 
thirteen  years  he  determined  to  occupy  it,  and 
built  his  cabin.  The  spot  is  still  in  the  possession 
of  her  descendants.  Mr.  W's  adventures  are 
described  by  Hildreth. 

WILLIAMS,  William,  a  Baptist  minister,  died 
nt  Wrentham,  Mass.,  in  1822,  aged  about  75. 
Born  in  Pa.,  he  graduated  in  the  first  class,  17G9, 
at  Brown  imiversity. 

WILLIAMS,  Samuel  Portek,  minister  of 
Newburyport,  died  in  1826,  aged  46.  A  descen- 
dant of  Rev.  Sol.  W.,  he  was  born  at  Wethers- 
field,  Conn.,  Feb.  22, 1779;  graduated  at  Yale  col- 
lege in  1796  ;  and,  after  being  engaged  in  a  mer- 
cantile einjjloyment,  studied  theology  with  ])r. 
Dwight,  and  was  ordained  at  Mansfield  Jan.  1, 
1807.  After  being  dismissed  Sept.  7,  1817,  he 
preached  two  years  at  Northampton,  and  then 
succeeded  Dr.  Dana  at  Newburyport  Feb.  8, 1821. 
A  volume  of  sermons,  with  a  print  and  a  sketch 
of  his  life,  was  published  in  8vo.,  1P27. 

WILLIAMS,  Otho  L.,  a  Methodist  minister, 
died  at  Winchester,  Va.,  in  1828,  aged  45. 

WILLIAMS,  Nathan,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Tol- 
land, Conn.,  died  April  15,  1829,  aged  93.  The 
son  of  Rev.  Stephen  W.  of  Longmeadow,  born 
in  1735,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1755,  was  or- 
dained at  Tolland  in  1760,  and  retired  from  liis 
active  duties  about  1814.  His  widow,  Mary  Hull 
of  Wallingford,  died  March  9,  1833,  aged  95. 
Dr.  Sprngue  gives  his  remembrance  of  him.  His 
was  one  of  the  lingering  white  wigs  remembered. 


WILLIAMS. 

In  prayer  he  often  snid, "  wc  earn^.tly  pray," 
pronouncin(j  the  lirNt  syllable  of  earnestly  as  air. 
llcwaschccrfull)ut(lignitiecl,aiid  full  of  anecdote 
in  conversation.  He  piil)lished  the  election  ser- 
mon, 1780;  at  a  fast,  ITO.'J;  an  anniversary  of 
independence,  on  death  of  K.  Hall,  1794  ;  of  Ilev. 
N.  Strong,  1790;  a  dialogue  on  baptism  and  dis- 
cipline. —  Sprague's  Annals ;  Puritan  Recorder, 
April  12,  1855. 

WILLIAMS,  William  S.,  Dr.,  died  in  Deer- 
field,  Mass.,  in  1829,  aged  67. 

WILLIAMS,  1IK.NHY,  died  in  Boston  in  Oct., 
1830.  He  was  an  eminent  miniature  painter,  and 
he  made  admirable  anatomical  preparations. 

WILLIAMS,  David,  with  Paulding  and  Van 
Wart,  one  of  the  captors  of  Maj.  Andre,  died  at 
Livingstonville,  N.  Y.,  in  Aug.,  1831,  aged  78. 

WILLIAMS,  Joshua  L.,  minister  in  Middle- 
town,  Conn.,  died  Dec.  29,  1832,  aged  46.    His 
son,  John  M.  W.,  of  Yale  college,  aged  18,  died 
.  the  nest  day ;  on  new  year's  day  both  were  buried 
in  one  grave. 

WILLIAMS,  Elisha,  a  distinguished  lawyer, 
died  at  Hudson  June  29,  18113,  aged  59.  He 
vas  the  son  of  Col.  l'U)enezer  Williams  of  Pom- 
fret,  Conn.,  and  of  Jerusha  Porter,  the  daughter 
of  Col.  Eleazer  Porter  of  Iladley.  Both  his 
father  and  his  uncle,  Rev.  Chester  W.,  married 
sisters.     He  settled  in  Hudson  in  1799. 

WILLIAMS,  Nathaniel  W.,  died  in  Tennes- 
see, of  the  cholera,  on  board  the  steamboat 
Mount  Vernon,  in  1833,  aged  44.  He  was  a 
wealthy  banker  of  Nashville,  a  man  highly  re- 
spected. 

WILLIAMS,  Solomon,  the  fifth  minister  of 
Northampton,  Mass.,  died  in  1834,  aged  82.  The 
son  of  Ilev.  Eliphalet  W.,  by  his  wife,  the 
daughter  of  Ilev.  Elisha  Williams,  his  uncle,  he 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1770.  He  succeeded  in 
1778  Mr.  Hooker,  whose  daughter  he  married, 
and  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Tucker  and  Dr. 
Spencer.  There  was  but  one  church  in  N., 
mitil,  in  the  last  ten  years  of  his  life,  there 
were  formed  the  Unitarian,  Episco])al,  Baptist, 
and  Edwards  churches,  and,  in  about  ten  years 
afterwards,  the  Methodist  and  Catholic  churches. 
His  widow,  Mary,  died  in  1842,  aged  85.  His 
excellent  daughter,  Mary,  died  in  Northani])- 
ton  in  1853,  aged  67.  He  published  a  sermon 
on  Christ  the  physician,  1777  j  three  sermons, 
1799;  to  a  missionary  convention,  1802;  three 
sermons,  1805  ;  historical  sketch  of  Northampton, 
1815.  —  tSpraf/ue's  Annals. 

WILLIAMS,  Epiiraim.  died  at  Drcrficld, 
Mass.,  Dec.  27,  1835,  aged  75.  He  was  at  first  a 
partner  of  Judge  Sedgwick,  and  then  a  leading 
lawyer  in  Berkshire.  He  was  the  first  reporter  of 
the  decisions  of  the  supreme  court.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  senate  and  council.  He  pub- 
lished the  first  volume  of  Mass.  reports. 
109 


WILLIAMS. 


Sfi-) 


WILLIAMS,  Nathan,  judge,  died  at  Orncva, 
N.  Y.,  in  )H.'J5. 

WILI.I.\.MS,  JosiiiA,  minister  at  I'ppor  Mid- 
dletown,  Conn.,  died  in  183(1,  aged  7.'j.  He 
graduated  at  Vain  in  1780. 

WILLIAMS,  John  \V.,  died  at  I'hiladcJi.hia 
in  1837,  aged  31.  Born  in  Connpcticut,  he  gr.id- 
uated  at  Yale  in  1H2'_>.  He  wasa  lawvcr,  ami  the 
editor  of  the  Amcritan  iiuarteily  review  nnd  of 
the  National  Gazette. 

WILLIAMS,  Josm-A,  D.  I).,  minister  of  West 
Pennsborough,  I'a.,  died  in  183H,  ngod  71. 

WILLIAMS,  NATiiANua,,  teacher  of  the  Smith 
grammar  school,  Boston,  died  in  1738,  aged  63. 
He  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1093,  and  in  1098 
was  ordained  as  an  evangelist  for  one  of  the 
West  India  Islands.  But  the  climate  was  found 
unhenlthful.  On  his  return  he  succeeded  Master 
Cheevcr;  he  also  preached,  and  jjractised  physic. 
He  was  called  "  the  beloved  ])hysican,"  his  voice 
and  countenance  doing  good  like  a  medicine.  He 
wrote  a  ])anii)hlet  on  the  inoculation  for  the 
small  pox. — Eliot's  lliog. 

WILLIAMS,  Boiiiair,  Dr.,  a  surgeon  in  the 
Ilevolutionary  army,  died  in  Pitt  county,  N.  C,  in 
1840,  aged  82;  a  man  highly  resjjected  for  his 
virtues.  He  was  a  member  of  the  convention 
which  adopted  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States. 

WILLIA^IS,  David,  a  soldier  of  the  Revo- 
lution, died  at  Elizabethtown,  N.  J.,  in  1841, 
aged  84. 

AVILLIAMS,  Samuel,  died  in  Boston  Jan. 
16,  1841,  aged  81;  a  Boston  merchant.  He  lived 
in  London  as  a  distinguished  banker  thirty  years. 
WILLIAMS,  John,  a  Baptist  minister,  died  at 
Richfield,  N.  Y.,  in  Aug.,  1843,  aged  100  years 
and  7  months.  He  was  a  great-grandson  of 
Roger  Williams.  Ordained  at  the  age  of  25,  he 
long  preached  in  Foster,  R.  I.  He  was  respected 
as  a  man  of  understanding  and  ])iety,  and  a 
good  citizen.  He  left  many  descendants,  some 
of  the  fifth  generation. 

WILLIA^IS,  Elisha  Scott,  a  Baptist  minister, 
died  at  Beverly  Feb.  3, 1845,  aged  87.  He  was 
born  at  East  Hartford,  the  son  of  Rev.  Eliphalet 
W.,  and  graduated  at  Yale  in  1775.  He  published 
a  sermon  before  a  missionary  society.  —  Sprague. 
WILLIAMS,  John,  the  oldest  counsellor  at 
the  Boston  bar,  died  in  1845,  aged  72;  a  graduate 
of  Harvard  in  1792. 

WILLIAMS,  SiDXET  P.,  M.  D.,  a  physician  in 
Philadelphia,  died  March  5,  1845,  aged  33 ;  the 
only  son  of  Dea.  E.  Williams,  of  Northampton, 
Mass.  He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1829.  When 
an  aged  father  of  wealth  is  thus  made  childless, 
it  has  sometimes  been  seen,  that,  in  the  absence 
of  the  claims  of  family  pride,  the  claims  of  gen- 
erous charity,  in  obedience  to  the  promi)ting8  of 
wisdom  and  benevolence,  have  been  regarded  j 


86C 


WU.LIAMS. 


WILLIAMSON. 


and  thus  great  calamity,  God's  appointment,  glori- 
fies God. 

WILLIAMS,  John,  Dr.,  died  at  Wnljiole, 
N.  II.,  in  1846,  aged  97.  During  the  war  he  was 
a  physician  in  Hanover,  N.  II.;  then  in  Provi- 
dence, lie  was  an  apothecary,  and  pliysician  at 
Cambridge,  and  made  much  use  of  steam. 

WILLIAMS,  WiLiJAM  G.,  captain,  engineer, 
fell  at  Monterey  mortally  wounded,  Sept.  21, 
1846.  He  was  graduated  at  West  Point,  and 
for  twenty-two  years  was  a  topographical  engi- 
neer, being  employed  in  the  Cherokee  country, 
on  the  Niagara,  and  in  Canada ;  he  was  superin- 
tendent of  harbor  constructions,  and  carried  on 
a  triangular  survey  of  the  lakes.  As  a  painter 
he  was  a  member  of  the  national  academy  of 
design. 

WILLIAMS,  Ebenezer,  captain,  an  officer  of 
the  Revolution,  died  at  Central  Bridge  in  Scoha- 
rie  CO.,  N.  Y.,  July  1,  1847,  aged  98.  The  son  of 
Jonathan  W.  of  Lebanon,  he  entered  the  army  in 
1775,  and  was  in  various  battles.  Through  the 
influence  of  a  pious  mother,  he  reverenced  reli- 
gion, and  was  long  an  cxem])lary  Christian. 

WILLIAMS,  John  D.,  of  Koxbury  or  Boston, 
died  in  Sept.,  1848.  He  bequeathed  about  50,000 
dollars  to  the  Boston  asylum,  to  the  society  for 
theological  education,  and  the  Mass.  general 
hospital. 

WILLIAMS,  Betsey,  a  Punkapog  Indian, 
died  at  Stoughton,  Mass.,  Feb.  2,1848,  aged  100. 

WILLIAMS,  Thomas,  or  TAHORAGWA- 
NEGEN,  died  Dec.  16, 1848,  atCahnowaga,  near 
Montreal,  aged  89;  achief  of  the  Iroquois  nation, 
and  descended  from  Rev.  J.  AVilliams,  of  Deer- 
field.  In  the  war  of  the  Revolution  he  acted 
with  the  British  at  Bennington  and  Saratoga. 
He  professed  the  Christian  religion,  and  died  re- 
spected and  beloved. 

WILLIAMS,  Abiel,  minister  of  Dudley,  Mass., 
died  in  1850,  aged  75.  He  graduated  at  Brown 
imiversity  in  1795. 

WILLIAMS,  M.\RMADUKE,  judge,  died  in 
Tuscaloosa,  Ala.,  in  1850,  aged  78.  Born  in  North 
Carolina,  he  was  a  member  of  congress  from  1803 
to  1809.  For  several  years  he  was  a  judge  of 
the  county  court  in  Alabama,  until  he  reached  the 
age  of  70. 

WILLIAMS,  Thomas,  consul  of  Venezuela, 
died  at  New  York  in  1852,  aged  62.  He  was  a 
translator  of  French  novels. 

WILLIAMS,  Charles  K.,  LL.  D.,  governor 
of  Vermont,  died  in  Rutland  in  1853,  aged  71. 
Born  in  Cambridge,  the  son  of  Prof.  S.  Williams, 
he  graduated  at  Williams  college  in  1800,  and 
was  many  years  judge,  and  chief-justice  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Vermont.  From  1850  to  1852 
he  was  governor. 

WILLIAMS,  Sarah  P.,  wife  of  William  F. 
W.,  missionary  at  Mosul,  died  July  1,  1854. 


WILLIAMS,  Edwin,  a  geographer,  died  in 
New  York,  Oct  21,  1854,  aged  58.  He  was  the 
editor  of  Williams'  annual  register  and  the  states- 
man's manual. 

WILLIAMS,  Thomas  W.,  died  at  New  Lon- 
don Sept.  12,  1855,  aged  40.  He  died  of  a  con- 
gestion of  the  brain,  after  an  illness  of  twenty-four 
hours ;  the  only  son  of  Gen.  William  Williams, 
of  Norwich.  As  an  upright  and  skilful  merchant, 
engaged  extensively  in  the  whale  fisheries,  he 
acquired  great  wealth,  which  chiefly  fell  into  the 
hands  of  his  father,  of  well-known  liberality  and 
charity.  He  himself  was  liberal  and  charitable. 
A  number  of  papers  contained  notices  of  his 
death  and  character,  and  the  sermon  of  Dr. 
Tryon  Edwards  on  his  death,  entitled,  the  future 
unknown,  were  published. 

WILLIAMSON,  Hugh,  M.  D.,  LL.  D.,  a 
physician,  died  in  New  York  in  1819,  aged  83. 
He  was  born  in  West  Nottingham,  Penn.,  Dec.  6, 
1735.  From  1760  to  1763  he  was  professor  of 
mathematics  in  the  college  of  Philadelphia.  He 
afterwards  studied  medicine  at  Edinburgh  and 
Utrecht.  On  his  return  he  practised  successfully 
in  Philadelphia.  In  order  to  procure  subscrip- 
tions for  an  academy  at  Newark,  Del.,  he  sailed 
from  Boston  for  London  Dec.  22,  1773,  and  was 
examined  before  the  privy  council  in  Feb.,  1774, 
on  the  subject  of  the  destruction  of  the  tea  at 
Boston.  Dr.  Hosack  and  Thachcr  give  a  minute 
account  of  the  manner  in  which  he  at  this  period 
procured  personally  very  adroitly  and  at  great  haz- 
ard, from  a  public  office  in  London,  the  famous  let- 
ters of  Hutchinson  and  Oliver,  which  Franklin  sent 
to  Massachusetts.  The  account  is  fortified  by  let- 
ters of  Bishop  White,  James  Read  and  John 
Adams.  Mr.  Read  received  the  account  from  the 
lips  of  Dr.  Williamson,  and  John  W.,  a  brother, 
confirmed  the  account  to  Dr.  Hosack.  All  this  is 
an  extraordinary  »nw<ofce;  for  those  very  letters 
were  made  public  in  Boston  and  acted  upon  by 
the  legislature  in  June,  1773,  six  months  before 
Dr.  Williamson  set  sail  from  Boston  for  London. 
After  his  return  in  1776  he  resided  in  North  Caro- 
lina. In  1780  ho  was  surgeon  in  the  militia 
under  Caswell.  After  the  peace  he  was  for  five 
or  six  years  a  member  of  congress ;  he  also  as- 
sisted in  framing  the  constitution  of  the  U.  S. 
In  his  last  years  he  resided  in  New  York.  He 
published  a  discourse  on  the  benefit  of  civil  his- 
tory, 1810;  observations  on  the  climate  of  Amer- 
ica, 1811;  history  of  North  Carolina,  2  vols.  8vo., 
1812  ;  and  many  medical  and  philosophical  com- 
munications. —  Thacher. 

WILLIAMSON,  Matthias,  a  Revolutionary 
officer  and  a  lawyer,  died  in  Elizabethtown,  N.  J., 
in  1836,  aged  84.  He  was  in  the  commissary 
department. 

WILLIAMSON,  Jacob,  judge,  a  soldier  of 
the  Revolution,  died  in  Amwell,  N.  J.,  in  1841, 


WILLIAMSON. 

BRpd    83.     lie  was  benevolent   and  kind   and 
hi^'hlv  ri'spectod. 

Wil.LLVMSDX,  Isaac  II.,  died  at  Klizabcth- 
towii,  N.  J.,  July  10,  IHll,  aged  (i".  Ho  was 
governor  and  cliancellor  of  the  State  from  1H17 
to  l.S'Ji).  He  was  an  able  jurist,  an  excellent 
oliicer,  a  citizen  liighly  respected  and  beloved. 

WILLIAMSON,  William  Duukkk,  died  at 
Uangor  May  27,  1816,  aged  00.  IJorn  in  Can- 
terbury, Conn.,  he  graduated  at  rrovidcnce  in 
1S04.  He  commenced  the  practice  of  law  at  It. 
in  1807.  In  the  first  legislature  of  Maine  he  was 
a  senator,  and  a  member  of  congress  in  1821; 
afterwards  a  judge  of  probate  until  1840.  He 
published  a  history  of  Maine  in  two  volumes, 
18J2. 

WILLIS,  Eliakim,  minister  of  Maiden,  Mass., 
died  in  1801,  aged  nearly  87.  Born  in  Dart- 
mouth, Mass.,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1735, 
and  was  ordained  in  1752.  A.  Green  succeeded 
him  in  1795.  The  two  first  ministers  of  the  town 
were  M.  Matthews  and  M.  Wigglesworth. 

WILLIS,  IIknry,  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution, 
died  at  Newark,  N.  J.,  in  1842,  aged  85 ;  buried 
willi  military  honors. 

WILLIS,  Zephaniah,  minister  of  Kingpton, 
died  March  G,  1847,  aged  99.  Born  in  Bridge- 
water,  he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1778,  and 
survived  all  his  classmates.  lie  was  pastor  from 
1780  to  1828,  nearly  fifty  years.  Stacy,  Macarty, 
and  Hand  preceded  him  ;  Cole  was  his  successor. 

WILLIS,  Nathan,  general,  died  at  Pittsfield, 
Mass.,  June  16,  1851,  aged  88.  His  father  was 
Nathan  of  West  Bridgewater,  descended  from 
John  Willis,  who  lived  in  Duxbury  in  1037,  and 
at  Bridgewater  in  1656,  dying  in  1693.  He  mar- 
ried first  a  daughter  of  Col.  Tupper  of  the  Rev- 
olutionary army.  Living  in  Rochester,  he  was 
its  representative  in  1800,  and  senator  for  years 
from  1806.  After  1813  he  removed  to  Pittsfield, 
and  was  for  several  years  in  the  public  service. 
In  his  politics  he  was  denominated  a  republican. 
Ill  his  old  age  he  made  a  profession  of  his  Chris- 
tian faith,  and  became  a  member  of  the  church. 

WILLISTON,  NoAii,  minister  of  West  Haven 
in  North  Haven  town,  Conn.,  died  in  1811,  aged 
77.  He  was  born  in  Springfield,  Mass.,  the 
grandson  of  Joseph  W.,  and  graduated  at  Yale 
in  1757.  His  wife  was  a  daughter  of  his  prede- 
cessor, Mr.  Birdseye,  who  lived  to  be  103  years 
old.  His  two  sons,  Payson  and  David  Howe, 
were  ministers ;  and  his  two  daughters  married 
ministers  :  Sarah  married  R.  S.  Storrs,  and  Han- 
nah married  E.  Kingsbury. 

WILLISTON,  E.  B.,  president  of  Jefferson 
college,  Miss.,  died  at  Norwich,  Vt.,  in  1837, 
aged  37. 

WILLISTON,  Ralph,  minister  of  Zion's 
church,  died  in  Hempstead,  L.  I.,  in  1839,  aged  65  ; 
formerly  rector  of  Zion's  church  in  New  York. 


WILSON. 


PC. 


WILLISTON.  SKiii.  D.  D.,di,-d  in  l,S51.nKrc 
80.  I|(>  was  a  ousiii  cif  Dr.  I'iivM.n  W.,  a  ^riad- 
u;\t(-  cfDartm-mtli  in  ITlM.  In  iVJti  lu  |irraclied 
at  Cliciiaiij,'.).  wh-n  ihcrc  was  only  one  mectin);- 
liousc  to  the  west  licvoiul.  in  till-  State  of  New 
York,  and  that  was  Mr.  Orover's  icg-liouse,  at 
liristol,  near  Canandaigua.  In  IHO!)  1„>  was  set- 
tled at  Durham,  N.  Y. ;  after  some  years  lie  wa.s 
dismissed.  He  was  liie  author  of  several  books  : 
lectures  on  the  moral  imperfections  of  Christians, 
1810;  harmony  of  divine  truth;  vindication  of 
the  doctrines  of  the  reformation. 

WILLISTON,  Payson,  D.  ]).,  died  at  F.ast- 
hamptim,  Mass.,  Jan.  30,  1850,  aged  !)L' years  and 
7  months.  The  son  of  Rev.  Noah  w!  of  West 
Haven,  ho  graduated  at  Yale  in  1783,  was  settled 
the  first  minister  of  I'.asiliani])ton  in  1780,  nnd 
resigned  in  1833,  after  a  faithful  ministry  of 
forty-four  year?.  He  lived  to  see  a  little  settle- 
ment in  tlie  wilderness  grown  into  a  largo  town 
of  two  churches,  the  scat  of  prosperous  and  ex- 
tensive manufactures,  conducted  by  his  own  son, 
and  that  son  the  founder  and  benefactor  of  a 
large  and  excellent  academy  in  tho  same  town. 
In  1853  his  name  was  the  first  not  starred  in  the 
Yale  catalogue.  Dr.  Woodbridge  of  Iladley 
preached  his  funeral  sermon.  He  was  well  and 
able  to  make  visits  until  within  a  few  days  of  his 
death.  He  iiublished  a  sermon  in  a  volume  of 
sermons,  1799 ;  a  half-century  sermon  from  his 
settlement,  1839.  —  Spraguc's  Annals. 

WILLOUGIIBY,  Francis,  deputy-governor 
of  Massachusetts,  died  in  Charlestown  in  1071. 
He  was  in  office  during  his  last  six  years.  What 
is  supposed  to  be  his  journal,  written  in  cy])her, 
is  preserved  in  the  library  of  the  antiquarian 
society  at  Worcester.  —  liiidiiii/ion. 

WILLSON,  IIoUACE,  Dr.,  died  in  Clarksburg, 
Md.,  in  1847,  aged  54.  Ho  was  skilful,  and  en- 
gaged in  the  public  service  as  a  legislator. 

WILMER,  William  H.,  I).  I).,  president  of 
William  and  Mary  college,  V a.,  died  at  Williams- 
burg in  1827. 

WILMER,  Simon,  Episcopal  minister  in 
Charles  county,  Md.,  died  in  1840,  aged  CO. 

WILSON.  John,  first  minister  of  Boston,  died 
Aug.  7,  1607,  aged  78.  He  was  born  at  AVind- 
sor,  England,  in  1588,  and  was  the  son  of  Rev. 
Dr.  Wm.  W.  He  was  educated  at  King's  col- 
lege, Cambridge,  where  he  obtained  a  fellowship  j 
but  was  deprived  of  it  for  his  nonconformity  to 
the  English  church.  After  studying  law  for  three 
years  at  one  of  the  inns  of  court,  he  directed  his 
attention  to  theology,  and  was  a  chaplain  in  sev- 
eral honorable  families.  He  then  settled  in  the 
ministry  at  Sudbury  in  Suffolk.  In  1629  he  came 
to  this  country  in  the  same  fleet  with  Gov.  Win- 
throp.  Charlestown  was  fixed  upon  as  a  ])Iace 
of  settlement,  and  Mr.  Wilson  and  Mr.  Philhps 
preached  under  a  tree.    A  church  was  formed  on 


868 


WILSON. 


WILSON. 


Friday,  July  30th,  and  Aug.  27th,  Mr.  Wilson 
was  ordaiiicil   as  teacher   by  the  im))OKition  of 
hands.     Tliis  ceremony  was  performed  by  some 
of  the  brethren  merely  us  a  sign  of  his  election 
to  be  their  minister,  and  not  because  he  had  re- 
nounced his  former  ordination.    In  a  few  months, 
when  the  greater   ])art  of  his  church  removed 
across  the  river  to  Shawmut,  or  Boston,  he  ac- 
companied them.    In  1G31  he  returned  to  Eng- 
land  for    his  wife,  whom   he    had  left  behind, 
enjoining  it  upon  Gov.  Winthropand  some  other 
brethren  to  pro])hesy,  or  to  impart  instruction 
and  give  exhortations  in  the  church  during  his 
absence.     In   Oct.,  1632,  thirty-three  members 
were  dismissed  to  form  a  new  church  at  Charles- 
town.    They  had  Mr.  James  for  their  pastor,  to 
whom  Mr.  Symmes  was  soon  united  as  teacher. 
In  Nov.,  Mr.  Wilson  was  again  ordained  as  pastor. 
In  the  following  year  he  received  Mr.  Cotton  as 
his  colleague,  and  after  his  death   Mr.  Norton, 
July  1'3,  1656.    He  survived  them  both.    Mr. 
Davenport  succeeded  him.     His  daughter  mar- 
ried Kev.  E.  Rogers ;  his  youngest,  Mary,  mar- 
ried Ilev.  S.  Danforth.     Mr.  Wilson  was  one  of 
the  most  humble,  pious,  and  benevolent  men  of 
the  ago  in  which  he  lived.    Kind  affections  and 
zeal  were  the  prominent  traits  in  his  character. 
Such  was  his  readiness  to  relieve  the  distressed, 
that  his  purse  was  often  emptied  into  the  hands 
of  the  needy.    Every  one  loved  him,  and  he  was 
regarded  as  the  father  of  the  new  plantation. 
He  appears  frequently  to  have  possessed  a  partic- 
ular faith  in  prayer.     Events  sometimes  occurred 
according  to  his  predictions.    The  blessings  pro- 
nounced by  him  had  been  observed  to  be  so  pro- 
phetical, that  on  his  death-bed  the  most  consid- 
erable persons  brought  their  children  to  him  to 
receive  his  benediction.    Having  a  most  wonder- 
ful talent  at  rhyming,  he  used  to  write  pieces  of 
poetry  on  all  occasions,  and  to  send  them  to  all 
persons.    He  was  also  a  great  anagramraatist. 
Dr.  Mather  thinks  that  he  made  more  anagrams, 
and  made  them  more  nimbly,  than  any  man  since 
the   days  of  Adam.    They  generally  conveyed 
some  religious  truth  or  advice.    But  it  was  not 
always  the  case  that  the  letters  of  his  anagram 
corresponded  with  those  of  the  name.    It  was 
perhaps  in  pleasant  allusion  to  this  discordance, 
as  well  as  in  reference  to  the  hospitable  temper 
of  Mr.  Wilson,  that  Mr.  Ward,  the  witty  author 
of  the  simple  cobbler  of  Aggawam,  said  that  the 
anagram  of  John  Wilson  was,  "  I  pray  come  in, 
you  are  heartily  welcome."    In  the  early  periods 
of  his  life  his  discourses  were  very  correct ;  but 
as  he  advanced  in  years  his  sermons  consisted 
principally   of   exhortations,    admonitions,    and 
counsels  without  much  connection  or  method,  but 
delivered  with  affectionate  warmth.    He  partook 
of  the  common  error  of  his  times  in  calling  upon 
the  civil  magistrate  to  punish  those  who   were 


deemed  heretical  in  doctrine.  His  portrait  is  in 
the  library  of  the  historical  society.  He  pub- 
lished in  England  some  helps  to  faith,  12mo.  In 
this  country  an  extemporary  sermon,  1605,  wag 
taken  down  by  a  stenographer  and  afterwards 
Ijublished.  —  Sprague'a  Annuls. 

WILSON,  John,  minister  of  Medfield,  Mass., 
died  in  1691,  aged  al)out  68.  The  son  of  the  pre- 
ceding, he  graduated  in  the  first  class  at  Har- 
vard college  in  1642  ;  was  ordained  as  collengue 
with  11.  Mather  at  Dorchester  in  1640  ;  b\it  after 
two  years  removed  to  Medfield,  where  he  was 
minister  forty  years. 

WILSON,  Matthew,  D.  D.,  a  physician  and 
minister,  died  in  Lewes,  Del.,  March  31,  179t), 
oged  61.  He  was  born  in  Chester  county,  Penn., 
in  1729.  He  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Mc- 
Dowell, a  physician  and  minister,  and  himself 
sustained  those  offices  twenty-four  years  j  he  also 
for  years  had  the  charge  of  on  academy  at  New- 
ark. He  was  a  profound  theologian  and  a  good 
Hebrew  and  classical  scholar,  truly  benevolent 
and  pious,  mild,  affable,  and  courteous.  In  the 
time  of  the  Ilevolution  his  patriotic  zeal  was 
ardent.  He  resolved  to  drink  no  more  tea,  and 
obliged  his  wife  and  children  to  deny  themselves. 
He  published  a  paper,  proposing  seventeen 
plants  as  a  substitute.  But  his  wife's  sister,  on  a 
visit  from  Philadelphia,  infringed  his  domestic 
regulation  ;  she  brought  tea  with  her,  and  as  it 
was  of  the  "  old  stock,"  which  paid  no  duty,  "  tea 
she  would  drink."  He  published  a  history  of  a 
malignant  fever,  1774;  remarks  on  the  cold 
winter  of  1779-1780;  an  essay  to  prove  that 
most  diseases  proceed  from  miasmata  in  the  air, 
1786.  —  Thacher. 

WILSON,  James,  judge,  died  in  1798,  aged 
56.  A  patriot  of  the  Revolution,  he  was  born  in 
Scotland  about  1742.  After  being  educated  at 
Edinburgh,  he  came  to  Philadelphia  in  1766 
and  studied  law  with  J.  Dickinson.  Being  a 
member  of  congress  from  1776  to  1777,  he 
signed  the  declaration  of  independence.  Being 
a  member  of  the  convention  which  framed  the 
constitution  of  the  United  States,  he  was  chair- 
man of  the  committee  which  reported  it ;  he  was 
also  a  member  of  the  State  convention  which 
ratified  it.  In  1789  he  was  appointed  a  judge  of 
the  supreme  court  of  the  United  States.  He 
died  at  Edenton,  N.  C,  while  on  a  circuit.  He 
was  eminent  as  a  lawyer  and  judge,  and  was  jiro- 
fessor  of  law  in  the  university  of  Pennsylvania. 
His  works,  including  his  lectures,  are  in  3  vols. 
8vo.,  published  1804. 

WILSON,  James,  minister  in  New  York,  suc- 
cessor of  Dr.  Ilodgers,  died  in  1799,  aged  47. 
Born  in  Scotland,  he  was  pastor  from  1785  to 
1788 :  then  he  became  a  minister  in  Charleston, 
S.C. 

WILSON,  Alexander,  an  ornithologist  and 


WILSON. 

poet,  died  in  Philndelphia  Aiiff.  23,  1813.  Ho 
WOH  t)orn  at  PniMlcy,  Scotiiuul,  and  came  to  thin 
country  in  1704.  llfcomiiiK  acquainted  with 
Mr.  Uartram  of  I'iiiliidelphia,  lie  was  induced  to 
devote  himself  to  '■•  Htudy  of  natural  hiKtory. 
He  commenced  in  ,  the  publication  in  Kcven 
volumes,  Ito.,  of  \m  most  interestinj?  and  valua- 
ble work,  the  American  ornitholo),'y,  with  colored 
plates.  An  Hvo.  edition  has  since  been  published, 
ilesides  his  ornitholof^y,  he  published  the  forest- 
ers, a  poem,  in  portfolio,  n.  r.  vol.  I.;  in  Scot- 
land he  publiihed  the  laurel  dis])uted,  a  poem  on 
Allan  llamsay  and  Ilobert  Ferffuson,  1791  ;  and 
Watty  and  Me(?,  a  ])oem,  1792.  The  ei<jhth 
nnd  ninth  volumes  of  his  ornitholofjy  were  pub- 
lished by  Mr.  Ord  in  1814 ;  the  ninth  has  an 
account  of  Wilson.  Charles  Lucien  Uonnparte 
has  published  three  supplementary  volumes,  fol., 
182.'5-1828. 

WILSON,  Pkter,  LL.  D.,  professor  of  Greek 
and  Latin  in  Columbia  college,  N.  Y.,  died  at 
Hackensack,  N.  J.,  in  Aug.,  1826,  aged  79.  He 
was  a  distinguished  scholar.  He  published  a 
learned  work  on  Greek  prosody. 

WILSON,  Samukl,  M.  D.,  a  physician,  died 
in  1827,  aged  04.  He  was  born  at  Charleston, 
S.  C,  Jan.  20,  1703,  the  son  of  Dr.  Ilobert  W., 
an  eminent  physician.  At  the  age  of  seventeen 
he  fought  under  Marion  in  the  Revolutionary 
war.  He  went  to  Edinburgh  in  1784  to  pursue 
the  study  of  medicine.  In  1791  he  was  associ- 
ated in  business  with  Dr.  Alexander  Baron  ;  in 
1810  with  his  brother,  Dr.  Ilobert  W. ;  and  after- 
wards with  his  sons,  Drs.  Isaac  and  Samuel  W. 
Many  young  physicians  were  instructed  by  him. 
He  was  a  respected  physician ;  an  amiable,  be- 
nevolent man  ;  an  elder  and  communicant  in  the 
church  for  thirty  years. 

WILSON,  James  P.,  D.  D.,  minister  in  Phil- 
adelphia, was  first  a  distinguished  lawyer,  and 
then  was  for  many  years  the  pastor  of  the  first 
Presbyterian  church.  He  died  at  his  residence 
in  Bucks  county,  Dec.  10,  1830.  His  general 
knowledge  and  talents  and  his  usefulness  and 
excellent  character  caused  him  to  be  regarded 
as  one  of  the  most  distinguished  men  of  this 
country.  He  published  lectures  on  the  parables 
and  the  historical  parts  of  the  New  Testament, 
8vo.,  1810. 

WILSON,  William,  minister  at  Augusta,  Va., 
died  Jan.  1,  18.%,  aged  83. 

WILSON,  Mrs.,  wife  of  Dr.  A.  E.  Wilson, 
missionary  in  Africa,  died  at  ^losika  Sept.  18, 
1836.  Her  name  was  Mary  J.  Smithey  of  llich- 
mond,  Va. 

WILSON,  James,  an  eminent  lawyer  and 
member  of  congress,  died  at  Keene,  N.  H.,  in 
1839,  aged  72. 

WILSON,  J.VME8,  a  Presbyterian  minister, 
died  at  Providence  in  1839,  aged  80.    He  re- 


WINCIIELL. 


809 


ccivcd  an  honorary  degree  at  Brown  university 
in  1798.  ' 

WIL.SOX,  Ai.rxAMiiii  V..,  M.  I).,  niissi.niary 
to  Africa,  died  iit  Capo  l'„|mas  in  IHKi,  ngid  30. 
Born  ill  Mcckltnliurg  county,  N.  C,  he  received 
a  college  education,  lie  embarked  in  iH.'il  for 
Cape  Town  :  he  was  at  I'ort  Xiital  in  1H37.  Ilii 
wife  was  Mary  llardcustle  of  \ew  York.  His 
lust  sermon  was  from  the  text.  "  There  remainelh 
a  rest  unto  the  ])eoi)le  of  God."  He  died  in 
peace,  relying  on  the  atonement ;  he  asked  for 
the  singing  of  Cowi)er's  hymn,  "There  is  a  foun- 
tain fiU'd  with  blood."  With  great  fervor  he 
gave  his  exhortations  to  the  living. 

WIL.SOX,  JdsiiiA  1,.,  1).  1).,  died  in  Cincin- 
nati Aug.  II,  IHK),  aged  72.  Born  in  Virginia, 
he  was  brought  u|)  in  Kentucky  as  a  blacksmith, 
but  became  a  minister,  first  in  Kentucky,  then  in 
1808  as  pastor  of  the  only  Presbyterian  church 
in  Cincinnati,  where  for  many  years  he  was  the 
chief  minister  of  the  highest  character  and  influ- 
ence, the  most  po])ular  until  tiie  arrival  of  ])r 
Becchcr  in  1832.  His  church  was  so  large  tliat 
in  1833,  after  the  colonizing  of  the  second  church, 
five  hundred  and  eighteen  members  remained. 
Dr.  W.,  in  the  division  of  the  Presbytcria.i 
churches  in  1837,  attached  himself  to  the  old 
school.  In  his  prosecution  of  Dr.  Beechcr,  his 
justification  or  excuse  was  a  conviction  that 
his  teachings  were  erroneous  and  pernicious. 
Perhaps  he  was  not  aware  of  an  imijeriousness  of 
will  and  of  other  human  imjierfections. 

WILSON,  John,  a  lawyer,  died  at  Belfast, 
Me.,  in  1848,  aged  71.  He  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1799. 

WILSON,  Natii.\.\if.i,,  died  in  Boston  in  1849, 
aged  00;  purser  in  the  U.  S.  navy.  He  was  in 
the  battle  of  Plattsburg.  He  left  his  proi)crty, 
25,000  dollars,  to  his  native  town,  Belfast,  Me., 
for  the  purposes  of  education. 

WILSON,  Henry  II.,  I).  D.,  died  at  Phila- 
del])hia  in  1849,  aged  00. 

WILSON,  J.uiES  G.,  died  ut  Plainfield,  N.  J., 
in  1850,  aged  41  ;  a  printer  and  publisher  and 
bookseller.  The  New  Yorker,  the  N.  Y.  AVliig, 
the  Empire  State,  and  the  Brother  Jonathan 
were  published  by  him;  also,  the  Weekly  Dis- 
patch. 

WILSON,  William,  a  painter  of  high  repu- 
tation, died  at  Charleston,  S.  C.,in  1851. 

WILSON,  KoHEUT  ]).,  1).  1).,  died  in  South 
Salem,  Iloss  county,  Ohio,  April  17,  1851,  aged 
84. 

WINCIIELL,  Jamks  M.,  minister  in  Boston, 
died  in  1820,  !i:,'ed  28.  The  son  of  Col.  Martin 
E.  W.,  he  was  born  in  Duchess  county,  N.  Y.,  in 
1791 ;  was  graduated  at  Brown  university  in 
1812;  and  succeeded  Mr.  Clay  in  the  first  Baj)- 
tist  church  in  Boston  March  30,  1814.  He  died 
of   the    consumpti'tn.       lie    published    Watts' 


870 


WINCHESTER. 


hymns,  arratiRfd  nconrdiiiff  to  the  suhjccts  ;  two 
(liHC'ourNi's,  cdiiluiiiing  u  liistory  uf  his  churcli, 
181!). 

WIN'CHESTEU,  Jonathan,  first  minister  of 
Ashliiirnhnin,  MnsK.,(lii'(I  ill  1707,  nfjcd  01.  Horn 
in  Hrookliiu',  he  ^rndiintcd  lit  Harvard  in  1737, 
and  was  spttlfd  in  17G0.  He  was  succcedi'd  by 
J.  Ciishing. 

WINCH  ESTER,  Emianan,  an  itinerant 
jjrrachcr  of  the  (h)Ctrinc  of  restoration,  died  at 
Hartford,  Conn.,  in  A]iril,  1707,  aged  45.  Ik- 
was  l)oni  in  Urookline,  Mass.,  in  1751.  Without 
nn  academical  education  he  eonimenced  ])reach- 
ing,  and  was  the  first  minister  of  the  IJaptist 
church  in  Newton.  In  1778  he  was  a  minister 
on  I'edoe  river  in  South  Carolina,  zeahmsly  leach- 
ing the  Calvinistic  doctrines,  as  ex])lained  hy  Dr. 
Gill.  In  the  following  year  his  labors  were  very 
useful  among  tlie  negroes.  In  17M1  he  became 
a  preacher  of  universal  salvation  in  l'hiladel])hia, 
where  he  remained  several  years.  He  afterwards 
endeavored  to  propagate  his  sentiments  in  vari- 
ous j)artsof  America  and  Engliind.  His  system 
is  very  similar  to  that  of  JJr.  t  hauncy.  He  pul)- 
lished  a  volume  of  hymns,  )7V'i;  a  plain  politi- 
cal catechism  for  schools ;  a  r.ermon  on  restora- 
tion, 1781 ;  universal  restoiation,  in  four  dia- 
logues, 178C;  lectures  on  the  prophecies,  Ameri- 
can edit.,  2  vols.  8vo.,  1800. 

WINCHESTEU,  Samuel  G.,  minister  of 
Natchez,  Miss.,  died  in  New  York  in  1841,  aged 
39 ;  a  man  of  remarkable  talent  and  greatly 
beloved. 

WIND.'.R,  William  H.,  general,  died  in 
1824,  agcv!  49.  He  was  born  in  Somerset 
county,  Maryland,  in  1775,  and  practised  law 
at  Baltimore.  In  the  war  of  1812  he  was 
first  a  colonel,  then  brigadier-general.  At  the 
battle  of  Bladensburg  he  commanded  the  troops. 
On  the  return  of  peace  he  resumed  his  profession. 

WINDER,  Levin,  governor  of  Maryland, 
died  July  1,  1819,  aged  63.  He  was  a  soldier  of 
the  Revolution.  He  was  governor  during  the 
war  with  Britain  from  1812  to  1815.  In  1816  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Maryland  senate  j  he  was 
also  a  general  of  the  militia. 

WINDS,  William,  general,  died  in  New  Jer- 
sey in  1789,  aged  about  62.  His  residence  was 
one  mile  from  Dover,  Morris  county,  on  the  road 
to  Rockaway.  He  was  born  in  Southold,  L.  I. 
He  ])urchased  a  large  tract  of  land  in  New  Jer- 
sey, and  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Presby- 
terian church  in  Rockaway,  and  bequeathed  to  it 
more  than  half  his  property.  In  1775  he  was 
lieutenant-colonel  in  Lord  Stirling's  regiment. 
In  177G  he  was  colonel,  and  led  his  regiment  to 
Ticonderoga.  He  was  a  large,  athletic  man,  and 
had  a  most  powerful  voice,  of  which,  on  one  oc- 
casion, he  made  a  very  good  use.  Commanding 
a  small  detachment  near  Ilackcnsack,  ho  found 


WINES. 

that  a  much  larger  force  of  the  enemy  was  ad- 
vancing against  him.  I'nwilliiig  to  rctiic,  he 
awaited  their  approach  to  within  liiilf  a  mile  and 
in  the  hearing  of  his  voice,  when  lie  roared  out 
the  command,  "  Open  to  the  right  and  left,  and 
let  the  artillery  through!"  As  tli-' enemy  were 
not  prepared  to  nu'ct  cannon,  on  hearing  this 
they  (led.  He  had  his  singularities.  Hewasex- 
citalilc,  stern,  and  of  an  imperious  temper.  He 
once  during  service  in  church  a]>i)lied  his  wagon- 
whip  to  some  unruly  boys  l)reKent.  To  a  cooper, 
who,  from  la/iness,  neglected  to  pre])are  some 
barrels  at  the  time  agreed  upon,  lie  a]i]>lied  his 
liickory,  saying  in  no  mild  tones,  "  1  will  teach 
you  to  lie,  and  be  lazy  too!"  With  his  soldiers 
lie  was  very  popular.  Two  of  them,  being  out 
of  jirovisions,  put  a  stone  in  their  camp-kettlo 
when  Winds  was  expected.  As  lie  inquired, 
"Well,  men,  any  thing  to  eat?"  they  replied, 
"Not  much."  —  "What  have  you  got  in  that 
kettle  ?  "  Their  answer  was,  "  A  stone,  general, 
for  they  say  there  is  some  strength  in  stones,  if 
you  can  only  get  it  out ! "  He  rejilied  :  "  There 
ain't  a  bit  of  strength  in  it.  You  must  have 
something  liettcr  to  eat."  Then  he  rode  off  to  a 
Quaker's  house,  and  offered  the  good  woman 
money  for  a  part  of  her  batch  of  bread.  She 
said, "  Thee  cannot  have  it  to  help  men  to  fight." 
"  I  don't  care  a  fig  about  thee  and  thou,  but  I 
want  the  bread."  Then  he  seized  the  bread,  and, 
throwing  down  the  money,  carried  it  off  in  his 
bag  to  his  hungry  men.  Rev.  John  Darley,  jias- 
tor  at  Parsippany,  attended  him  as  a  physician, 
drew  up  his  last  will,  preached,  his  funeral  ser- 
mon, and  wrote  his  epitaph.  —  N.  Y.  Evungelist, 
Oct.  23,  1856. 

WINDSHIP,  JoNATTiAN,  captain,  a  skilful 
horticulturist,  died  in  Roxbury  in  1847. 

WINDSHIP,  Charles  Williams,  a  pliysi- 
eian,  dicfi  in  Roxbury  Aug.  27,  1852,  aged  78. 
The  son  of  Dr.  Amos  W.  of  Boston,  he  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  in  1793.  He  was  skilful,  and 
practised  in  the  western  country,  in  Havana, 
Cuba,  in  Boston  and  Roxbury. 

WINES,  AniJAir,  died  in  1833,  aged  60. 
Born  in  Southold,  L.  I.,  of  Welsh  extraction,  he 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1794,  and  was  or- 
dained at  Newport,  N.  H.,  in  1796,  having  studied 
theo  igy  with  Dr.  Emmons.  In  1818  he  became 
a  teacher  in  the  Maine  charity  school  at  Bangor, 
but  in  a  year  he  removed  to  Deer  Island,  where 
he  ])reached  twelve  years.  His  mind  became 
disordered,  and  he  died  in  the  hospital  at  Charles- 
town,  and  was  buried  at  Amesbury,  where  his 
son-in-law.  Rev.  B.  Sawyer,  lived.  He  jiubli.^hed 
a  sermon  on  depravity,  1804  ;  the  sinner's  inabil- 
ity, 1812;  vain  amusements;  merely  amialile 
man  no  Christian ;  moral  young  men  ;  ordina- 
tion of  B .  Sawyer  at  Cape  Elizabeth.  —  Sj)rayue's 
Annals. 


iNc;  VTP. 


WIN     ow. 


«7l 


tim.  Mr  Rqunntn,  nn  In- 
way  It)  r  ikaimkid,  llio 


WINOATF.  J     iir\,coloncl.i      son  of  J.  W  ,   8.  Ilopkin* 
on  early  M'ttkr  u      'ivcr,  N.  II.,      sal   the  ■         dtiitn,  tor  • 
nuoHt  of  Louishurj;  i;i  !74.'i,  rtnd    i.d  lU  llu  Imclian*  ' 

ton,  n;<t'il  a'"""' I'^l-    Hiti  Non,  I'iiini",  wan  nn-        r    cainmii 
of  Anu'sl'iiry  i  "'"1  '"■*  """'  I'aine,  was  tlit-  u      >i    gpawn  u 
\\\U\)f  \:(TMlmtv  of  llarvartl.  Ithctii  M, 

WlN(iATK,  I'AINK,  niinUter  of  Am.  .,ry,  the  kinjf.  tif  iinwntrd  lo  liim  n  horxpnuuiMarid 
JIiiss,,  (lied  ill  17S<),  aj^cd  HIJ  or  80.  Itoni  in  .mt  of  ■  (I  rotton,  and  wlicn  iirniv(<l  with  ii  ilio 
Hampton,  N.  II.,  lie  Kraduatt-d  at  Harvard  in  !iavo({c  Ki'onud  woiidcrfiiliy  ddigliird.  In  Wyi 
17J;J,  and  was  settled  in  1720,  bein^  the  pastor  j  lie  made  a  voyn-,'e  to  M.>nli(f;iiu  Island,  to  pro- 
cure a  supply  of  hread   from   the  tisliinu  vcsmU. 


'•ilh  •,'       I, 
MJdei  'M.  li: 

«mn«(»n'i       M-  him  \U,>  hci  mter- 

h«ir)«,w.    ,  siipphiiiji   him  with  the 

ad  ami   n   kind  oi    broad,   call. d  by 

'/«.     On  arriving  at  the  residence  of 


sixty  years.  He  was  the  first  miiiiHter  of  the 
Rvfoiid  church.  He  was  the  father  of  Judge 
■\VinKate. 

WIXO.VrE,  r.VlNE,  judse,  died  at  Stratham, 
N.  H.,  March  7,  IHUH,  aged  !)S.  Ho  was  imrn  at 
Amesbury  May  14,  17:39,  the  son  of  Uev.  ]'.  W., 
was  f^raduated  at  Harvard  in  1750,  and  ordained 
at  Hami)ton  Falls  in  1703.  After  his  dismission 
in  1771  he  enf^aged  in  agriculture  at  Stratham. 
He  was  a  meml)er  of  congress  under  the  confed- 
eration in  1787,  and  u  senator  from  1789  to 
179U;  a  member  of  congress  1793-1795.  From 
1798  to  1809  he  was  a  judge  of  the  sujierior 
court  of  New  Hamjishiro.  He  was  highly  re- 
spected and  esteemed.  He  had  lived  witli  his 
wife  three-quarters  of  a  century.  She  was  a  sis- 
ter of  Timothy  Pickering,  and  died  Jan.  7,  1843, 
aged  100  years  and  8  months. 

WIXOxVrE,  Josiuu,  general,  died  in  Port- 
land Nov.  0,  1843,  aged  70.  Horn  in  Haverhill, 
Mass.,  he  was  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1795, 
and  then  was  a  merchant  in  Ilallowell.  Accom- 
panying his  father-in-law.  Gen.  Dearborn,  to 
Washington,  he  was  for  years  chief  clerk  in  the 
war  department.  Afterwards  he  was  collector 
of  Bath,  which  office  he  resigned  in  1822.  He 
was  president  of  the  branch  bank  of  the  United 
States. 

WINSHIP,    JosiAii,    minister  of  Woolwich, 
Me.,  died   Sept.    29,  1824,  aged   86.     Horn  in 
Cambridge,  he    graduated    in    1702.    Ordained 
June  12, 1705,  he  was  fifty-nine  years  minister. 
WlNSIiOW,   Gn.nF.UT,  one  of  the    pilgrims 


In  March,  l(ii;3,  on  hearing  that   Mas:-    soit  wan 
sick,  he  made   him  a  second  visit,  having,  as  ho 
says,  "one  master  John   Hampden,  a  gciillenian 
of  London,  who  then   wintered  with  u«.  ai\d  de- 
sired much  to  see  the  country,  for  my  roitsort, 
and  llobbamoe  for  our  guide."    This  was  ]iroba- 
bly  the  celebrated   Hampden,  for   he  resided  at 
that  ])eriod  in   London;  in  Jan.,  l(;21,he  look 
his  seat   in  James'  tbird    piuliameiit,  which  was 
dissolved  in  about  twelve  months,  and  the  next 
one  did  not  sit  till  l'"eb.,  lO'.'l.     In   this  interval 
Ham]iden  could  visit  Plymouth.     On  arriving  at 
Narragansctt.ihe  king  was  found  extremely  sick; 
but  the  skilful  attendance  of  Mr.  Wiiislow  was 
the  means  of  restoring   him   to  health.     In  bin 
gratitude,   Massassoit   disclosed   a    jilot   of    the 
"Massachuseuks,"    which    was     suppressed    by 
Standish.     In  the  autumn  of  1G23  Mr.  W.  went 
to  England  as  nn  agent  for  the  colony,  and  re- 
turned in  the  following  sprhig  with  a  supi)ly  of 
necessaries  and  the  first  cattle  which  were  intro- 
duced into    New  England.    He  went  again    to 
England  in  1024  and  returned  in  1025. 

In  1033  he  was  chosen  governor,  Mr.  llradford 
being  importunate  not  to  retain  the  office,  but  to 
have  some  one  a])pointcd  in  his  ]ilace ;  he  was 
again  elected  governor  in  1C30  and  1014.  Ho 
frequently  went  to  the  Penobscot,  Kcnnebcr,  ;iiid 
Connecticut  rivers  on  trading  voyages.  Going 
to  England  as  an  agent  in  1035,  he  was  thrown 
into  the  Fleet  prison  for  seventeen  weeks,  on  the 
com])laint  of  T.  Morton,  for  teaching  in  the  church 


in  the  Mayflower  to  Plymouth  in  1020.     He  was   at  Plymouth,  and  for  performing  the  ceremony 
horn  in  1000,  and  was  a  brother  of  Edward  ;  but   of  marriage.     He  exerted  his  influence  in  I'.ng- 


hc  soon  left  the  colony,  and  went,  it  is  supposed, 
to  Portsmouth,  and  died  before  1060. 

WINSLOW,  EuWARR,  governor  of  Plymouth 
colony,  died  May  8,  1655,  aged  59.  The  son  of 
E.  W.,  he  was  born"  in  Worcestershire  in  1595. 
In  his  travels,  becoming  acquainted  with  Mr. 
llobinson  at  Leyden,  he  joined  his  church,  and 
accompanied  the  first  settlers  of  New  England  in 
1620.  He  was  one  of  the  party  which  discov- 
ered the  harbor  of  Plymouth.  Possessing  great 
activity  and  resolution,  he  was  eminently  useful 
in  the  establishment  of  the  colony.  When  the 
first  conference  was  held  with  Massassoit,  he  of- 
fered himself  as  a  hostage.    In  June  or  July, 


land  to  form  the  society  for  ])roi)ngatiiig  tliegos- 
])el  in  New  I'^ngland,  which  was  incorporated  in 
1649,  and  of  which  he  was  an  active  member. 
In  1055  he  was  a])pointed  oneof  the  commission- 
ers to  superintend  the  exjiedition  against  the 
Spaniards  in  the  West  Indies.  The  troojis  were 
defeated  by  an  inconsiderable  number  of  the 
enemy  near  St.  Domingo.  In  the  jiassage  be- 
tween llispaniola  and  Jamaica  he  died  of  a  fever, 
and  was  buried  in  the  ocean.  His  wife  died  March 
24,1021;  his  second  wife,  whom  he  married 
May  12, 1021,  was  Susanna,  widow  of  Wm.  While. 
This  was  the  first  marriage  in  New  England.  He 
published  good  news  from  New  England,  or  a 


Rii<l 


1621,  lie  visited  the  sachem,  accompanied  by   relation  of  things  remarkable  in  that  plantation, 


872 


WINSLOW. 


MlNTIinOP. 


to  which  id  annrxrd  nn  account  of  the  TndlAn 
nntivpn,  lO'J.'l.  IUn  nccoimt  In  ri'|iiil)liNhi'(l  in 
ni-iitnnp,  anil  ahridKod  in  I'urchnfi.  He  piiMihlicd 
aluo  iiypocrixy  iininiiNkod,  rpliitin)(  to  tlic  com- 
tniinion  of  iho  liidoiMMidunt  with  the  Hcformcd 
chiirchew,  KHO;  and  thuitnninin  HMDwitii  nnrw 
title,  the  danger  of  toieratin);  li'veiierH  in  a 
civil  State,  or  a  narrotion,  etc.;  New  Knjflnnd'H 
Balnmnndcr  diHCovered,  or  n  satiHfoctory  iinnwer 
to  many  nsperHiond  cant  upon  New  Knginnd,  1047 ; 
reprinted  in  MaM.  hint,  coll.,  XXII.,  llO-Hrii 
and  a  norrntion  of  diRturbnnceH  made  in  New 
En^tlund  by  Snmiiel  Gorton  and  hid  arcompliccf), 
4to.,  l«lfJ.  —  lielknnp'n  Amer.  Hio;/.,  II. 

WINSLOW,  JoHiAii,  Rovernor  of  Plymouth, 
the  Ron  of  the  precedinf;,  died  at  Marxhtield, 
Dec.  18,  KINO,  aged  01.  lie  waH  choncn  gov- 
ernor in  Hi"U  as  HuccosHorof  Mr.  I'rince,  and  was 
continued  in  thin  oflicc  till  UiHO.  In  I'hiliji's  war, 
being  commander  of  the  I'lymouth  forcett,  he 
evinced  himself  a  brave  Noldier.  He  married, 
perhajii)  about  1003,  I'enelojje  I'elham,  daughter 
of  Herbert  1'.  of  IloHton.  He  was  general-in- 
chiefof  the  united  colonieK  in  107H,  and  governor 
for  Hcven  yearn  from  1073  till  hifi  death.  His  print 
is  in  the  N.  E.  KegiNter  of  Oct.,  1800,  taken  from 
a  painting  belonging  to  Isaac  Winslow,  the  only 
descendant  of  the  name,  which  is  now  in  the  hall 
of  the  Massachusetts  historical  society.  He  was 
an  accomplished  man  and  a  delightful  companion, 
and  his  magnificent  hospitality  was  enhanced  by 
the  charms  of  a  beautiful  wife.  She  died  in  1703, 
aged  72.  His  son,  Isaac  W.,  a  councillor  and 
general,  died  in  1738,  aged  07. 

WINSLOW,  John,  major-general  in  the  Brit- 
ish service,  was  the  grandson  of  the  preceding. 
He  was  a  captain  in  the  unfortunate  expedition 
to  Cuba  in  1740,  and  afterwards  major-general 
in  the  several  expeditions  to  Kennebec,  Nova 
Scotia,  and  Crown  Point  in  the  French  wars. 
He  died  at  Ilingham  in  April,  1774,  ngcd  71. 
His  son.  Dr.  Isaac  W.,  died  at  Marshfield  in 
1819,  aged  80. 

WLNSLOW,  John,  M.D.,  died  at  Marshfield, 
Mass.,  in  1814,  aged  80. 

WINSLOW,  Harriet,  wife  of  Miron  Wins- 
low,  missionary  to  Ceylon,  arrived  at  Jaffna  in 
Feb.,  1820,  and  died  at  Oodoville  Jan.  14,  1833. 
Her  memoir,  by  her  husband,  was  published  in 
1835.  Her  name  was  Harriet  W.  Lathrop  of 
Norwich,  Conn. 

AVINSLOW,  Benjamin  D.,  assistant  minister 
at  St.  Mary's  church,  Burlington,  N.  J.,  died  in 
1839,  aged  24.  Born  in  Boston,  he  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1835.  Bishop  Doane  ])ublished  a 
volume  of  his  sermons  and  poetical  remains.  — 
Cycl.  of  Amcr.  Lit. 

WINSLOW,  Anne,  wife  of  M.  Winslow,  mis- 
sionary at  Madras,  died  June  20,  1843;  her 
name  was  Anne  Spiers,  daughter  of  Mr.  Spiers, 


!  bom  in  Ciiddnlorc,  but  l>roiight  up  in  Eiigland. 
Slie  was  marri('<l  in  1h;J8. 

WINSLOW,  Isaac,  di.d  ut  Itoxbury  July  20, 
iM.'jd,  oged  82;  long  a  mcrciinnl  in  Bonlnn,  n  (|c>- 
scendant  of  John,  the  brother  of  1  ilward  W. 
He  had  a  literary  tastr  miil  ri'nd  much  in  the 
iiible.  The  only  notice  he  denired  was,  he  Biijd, 
this  :  "  He  fell  asleep  in  Jisus,  —  to  God  be  the 
glory  !  " 

WINTER,  FiiANns,  a  patriot  of  the  Hevolu- 
tion  and  chaplain,  died  in  Hath,  Me.,  in  IN'.'O, 
aged  HI.  He  graduated  m  Harvard  college  in 
1700. 

WINTHUOP,  John,  the  second  governor  of 
Mossnchusetts,  died  .March  20,  1040,  aged  61. 
lie  was  born  at  Groton  in  Suffolk,  England,  Jan. 
12,  1588.  His  father,  Adam,  was  a  lawyer,  ns 
was  his  grandfather,  Adam,  who  was  of  eminence 
in  his  ])roreHNion  and  a  lover  of  the  gospel  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  VIH.  He  was  himself  bred  to 
the  law,  though  inclined  to  theological  studies. 
Having  converted  a  tine  estate  of  0  or  700  pounds 
per  annum  into  money,  he  embarked  for  America 
in  the  forty-third  year  of  his  age,  as  the  leader  of 
a  company  of  emigrants  to  Massachusetts,  and 
with  a  commission  as  governor.  Endicott  hud 
been  two  years  governor  before  him,  being  an 
associate  of  a  company  in  London,  who  chose 
the  governor  and  council.  He  was  the  first  gov- 
ernor under  the  colonial  charter.  But  when 
VVinthrop  came,  the  company  transferred  the  gov- 
ernment to  Massachusetts.  He  arrived  at  Salem 
June  12,  1030,  and  soon  removed  to  Charles- 
town,  and  afterwards  crossed  the  river  to  Shaw- 
mut  or  Boston.  In  the  three  following  years  he 
was  re-chosen  governor,  for  which  office  he  was 
eminently  qualified.  His  time,  his  exertions,  his 
interests  were  all  devoted  to  the  infant  plantation. 
In  1634  Mr.  Dudley  was  chosen  in  his  place,  but 
he  was  reelected  in  1637,  1038,  and  1039,  and  in 
1042,  1043,  1040,  1647,  and  1048.  lie  died  worn 
out  by  toils  and  de])res8ed  by  afflictions.  Mr. 
Endicott  succeeded  him.  He  was  the  husband 
of  four  wives,  and  the  father  of  thirteen  children. 
His  first  wife  was  Mary,  the  daughter  of  John 
Forth,  and  by  her  he  had  sons,  John,  Henry,  and 
Forth,  and  three  daughters ;  his  second  was  the 
daughter  of  William  Clopton  ;  his  third  wi's  Mar- 
garet, daughter  of  Sir  Tindal  Knight,  and  she 
came  to  Massachusetts,  and  by  her  he  had  chil- 
dren, Adam,  Stephen,  Deane,  Samuel,  Anne, 
William ;  his  fourth  was  Martha,  the  widow  of 
Thomas  Coytmore,  who  lost  his  life  by  shipwreck, 
and  by  htr  he  had  a  son,  Joshua.  From  his  son 
John  descended  most  of  the  Winthrops ;  from 
his  son  Adam  descended  Prof.  Winthro])  of  Cam- 
bridge. He  was  a  most  faithful  and  upright 
magistrate  and  exemplary  Christian.  He  was  at 
first  very  mild  in  the  administration  of  justice; 
but  he  afterwards  yielded  to  the  opinions  of  others, 


WlNTIinOP. 


WrXTIIROp, 


873 


wholIio.iRlit  Ihal  p.cvrnT(liHn|,linP«f«,  i,oro«Bry'll)«tliownr.'  ii  lon^  liranl.  Ilr  kept  nn  rxnrt 
i,.  inifvv  |.l.-.nti»!i(.n.  Not  Imvii.K  n  l.i^h  ..pinion  arcMini  .,r  .K-r.,rr.nr..,  nml  Iran.ii.  ti..n«  in  th« 
„(•  n  pnrr  dormMr.iry.  wh.ii  llir  ptopl..  of  Conn.v-  i  colony  .hmn  lo  ih,.  u.;.r  KHH.  whirl,  «„,  of  j,„„i 
tinit  w.'r.-  formiMK  .»  Kov.-rnm.Mit,  I..-  wrolf  tlirni  ,  mtvI.t  to  lIuhlmr.l.'M„i(„.r.  unci  I'rinr.-  It  wn, 
a  letter,  in  wl.irh  lu- ohM-rvcl :  •'  IV  l..«t  part  !  not  |Mil.li,li..,l  till  ilu-  M'ar  17!M).  y.Uvu  ii  «,»» 
of  a  commnnily  in  always  the  Um\n|,  and  of  that  '  printed  in  Hvo.  A  mi.iu.«rripl  .  f  ihr  third  \ol 
least  part  the  wi,<T  ar.-  Mill  U'«k."  In  u  Hpowh  |  unif  of  WiniliropV  hiMorv  «as  found  in  IMKI  in 
to  th<' K<MHTal  court    he  took  ocriMon  to  .■xpri-s«    llir  NVw  I'.n^land  lil.rarN.' k.pl   in   thr  towrr  of 


his  KcntinicntNconrcrninn  the  power  of  tlii'  niaKiN- 
tracy  ami  t'"'  li'»'rly  of  llif  people  ;  '•  You  liave 
callcil  us,"  Kaid  he,  "  to  oltice  j  hut,  heinj^  called, 
wc  have  authority  from  Ood,  it  In  tlu'  ordinance 
of  God,  and  luUh  the  imaneofClod  utampcil  upon 
it)  luid  the  coiitom))t  of  it  halli  liecii  vindicated 
1)V  God  with  tcrrilde  exnnipluH  of  IiIn  venjfcance. 
There  is  n  liberty  of  corru|)t  nature,  which  is  in- 
coHHiKtent  with  authority,  impatient  of  restraint, 
the  enemy  of  truth  and  jieace,  and  all  the  or<li- 
nanccH  of  Ood  are  bent  nRainNt  it.     Hut  there  Ih 
a  civil,  moral,  federal  liberty,  which  consists  in 
every  one's  enjoyinfj  his  property,  and  hnviuK 
the  benefit  of  the   laws  of  liis  country,  a  liberty 
for  that   only  which  is  just  and  Rood;  for  this 
liberty  you  are  to  stand  with  your  lives."    In  the 
course  of  his  life  he  repeatedly  ex])erienccd  the 
versatility  of  the  public  opinion  ;  liut,  when   ho 
was  left  out  of  oflice,  he  ])08HesNed  perfect  calm- 
ness of  mind,  and  still  exerted  himself  to  serve 
his  country.    In  severe  trials  his  magnanimity, 
wisdom,  and  patience  were  conspicuous.    He  de- 
nied himself  many  of  the  elegancies  of  life,  that 
he  might  give  an  example  of  frugality  and  tem- 
perance, and  might  exercise  liberality  without 
impoverishing  his  family.    He  was  condescend- 
ing  and  benevolent.     In  a  severe  winter,  when 
wood  was  scarce,  he  was  told  that  a  neighbor  was 
wont  to  help  himself  from  the  pile  at  his  door. 
"  Does  he  ?  "  said  the  governor  in  seeming  anger. 
"  Cull  him  to  me,  and  I  will  take  a  course  with 
him  that  shall  cure  him  of  stealing."    When  the 
man  appeared,  he  addressed  him  thus :  "  Friend, 
it  is  a  cold  winter,  and  I  hear  you  arc  meanly 
provided  with  wood ;  you  are  welcome  to  help 
yourself  at  my  pile  till  the  winter  is  over."    He 
afterwards  asked  his  informant,  "Whether  he 
had  not  put  a  stop  to  the  poor  man's  stealing  ?" 
Though  he  was  rich  when  he  came  to  this  coun- 
try, yet,  through  his  devotion  to  public  business 
while  his  estate  was  managed  by  unfaithful  ser- 
vants, he  died  poor.     He  was  so  much  of  a  theo- 
logian that  he    sometimes    gave   the  word  of 
exhortation   in  the   church.     His  zeal    against 
those  who  had  embraced   erroneous  doctrines 
diminished  in  his  latter  years.    He  was  careful 
in  his  attendance  upon  the  duties  of  |)ublic  and 
of  family  worship.     Governor's  Island,  in   the 
harbor  of  Boston,  was  granted  to  him,  and  still 
remains  in  the  possession  of  his  descendants.    He 
procured  a  law  against  the  heathenish  practice 
of  health-drinking.    From  his  picture  it  appears 
110 


the  old  south  church.  Mr.  ,l;unes  Snvii«e  trans- 
cribed  it,  and,  a(bliMg  Molen  to  this  and  the  wi.rk 
already  printed,  pulilished  a  newcdilion  in'J\oN. 
Hvo,,  ISJ.).  Hesides  addinj,'  valiialili'  notes,  hn 
collated  the  former  nianu!«cripts  with  the  edition 
of  I  T!M).  anil  corrected  many  errors  and  snjf^'ested 
ameiidmeiits.  His  model' of  Christian  charily, 
written  on  shipboard,  is  in  hist,  coll.,  ;id  serie'n, 
v(d.  viii  the  Winthrop  pajiers  are  in  vols.  ix. 
nml  \.—  Mallier'.i  MmimdM,  ii.  »-l,5j  Ud. 
kiKifi't  'liiii/.  II,  ;j,'{7-:);is, 

WI!>.1IK0I»,  J„i,N,  F,  R.  s..  governor  of 
Connecticut,  died  in  Koston  April  .l,  I(j7li,  aged 
70.  Hew  '■•  son  of  the  preceding,  and  his 
J'"'*'  I  ■"•II'    d  by  a  liberal  education 

'"  •'  Oi  (.'ambridge  and  of  Dublin, 

and  by  tr.mi  upon  the  continent.     Mv  arrived  at 
Hostou  in  Oct.,  KW.J,  with  authority  to  make  a 
settlement  in  Connecticut,  and  the  next  month 
dispatched  a  number  of  jjcrsons  to  build  ii  fort 
at  Saybrook.     He  was  chosen  governor  in  1057, 
and  again  in  1(509,  and  from  that  period  he  was 
annually  reelected  till  his  death.    In   1001  he 
went  to  England  and  procured  a  charter,  incor- 
porating Connecticut  and  New  Haven  into  one 
colony.    His  second  wife,  Elizabeth  Head,  wan 
the  dii;.ghter  of  Col.  Head,  whose  widow  married 
Hugh  Veters  j  and  thus,  by  mistake,  it  is  some- 
times said  that  he  married  a  daughter  of  Hugh 
Peters.     Roger  Williams  calls  Mr.  Peters  the 
father  of  John  Winthrop,  jun.     He  ])osse.ssed  a 
rich  variety  of  knowledge,  and  was  particularly 
skilled  in  chemistry  and  physic.     His  valuable 
qualities  as  a  gentleman,  a  Christian,  a  jihiloso- 
pher,  and  a  magistrate  secured  to  him  universal 
respect.    He  published  some  valuable  communi- 
cations in  the  philoso])hicnl  transactions.  — Fdt. 
WIXTHUOP,  Fir/  Joil\,  F.  U.  S.,  governor 
of  Connecticut,  the  son  of  the  preceding,  died 
Nov.  27, 1707,  aged  08.     He  was  born  March  14, 
1030.    In    1089  he  was  major-general  of  the 
army  sent  to  operate  against  Canada.    In   1094 
he  was  agent  of  the  colony  to  Great  liritoin,  and 
rendered  such  service  that  the  legislature   pre- 
sented him  with  000  ])ounds.     He  was  governor 
from  lOOH  till  his  death.     His  son,  John,  a  grad- 
uate of  Harvard  college  in  1700,  and  who  died 
in  England  in  1747,  was  a  learned  man,  and  a 
member  of  the  royal  society. 

WINTHKOP,  Waitstii.l,  major-general,  son 
of  Gov.  J.  Winthroj),  of  Conn,,  died  in  Boston 
Sept.  7,  1717,  aged  75.    Born  at  Boston  in  1C42, 


874 


WINTimOP. 


VVINTIIUOP, 


ho  was  a  niombcr  of  Andros'  council  nnd  of  the 
first  council  under  tlie  new  charter,  1G92.  IliH 
wife  was  Mary,  drtu<<htcr  of  William  Browne  of 
Salem.  His  son,  John,  a  graduate  of  1700,  a 
fellow  of  the  royal  society,  married  a  daughter 
of  Gov.  J.  Dudley,  and  died  in  1747  j  and  his 
son,  John  Still,  who  died  in  1770,  aged  50,  had 
five  sons,  —  John,  a  graduate  of  1770;  Francis 
Bayard  and  William,  of  New  York  ;  Joseph  of 
Charleston,  S.  C. ;  and  Thomas  Lindull,  lieuten- 
ant-governor. Gen.  W.,  with  another  executor 
of  his  father's  will,  sold  the  ten-hill  farm  in 
Charlestown,  of  six  hundred  acres,  for  3300 
pounds,  to  widow  Elizabeth  Lidgett.  The  curious 
and  long  Latin  epitaph  on  the  death  of  Gen.  W., 
together  with  an  English  translation,  may  be 
read  in  Mr.  Bridgman's  memorials  of  the  dead 
in  Boston.  It  seems,  that,  in  addition  to  his  mil- 
itary office  and  that  of  chief  justice,  he  was  also 
a  physician,  for  the  epitaph  says  : 

"  lie  that  under  this  stone  noif  deppa  tn  death 
StlU  lives  In  the  hearts  nf  thousands. 
Whoso  livcu  no  has  prolonged." 

It  says  also  of  him  and  the  three  governors 
reposing  with  him : 

"  Four  Winthrops  lie  burled  In  this  tomb, 
Who  were  sufficient  to  enrich  even  the  four  quarters  of  the 

earth. 
He  is  unacquainted  with  the  history  of  New  England 
Who  Is  ignorant  of  this  family." 

WINTHROP,  John,  LL.  D.,  F.  R.  S.,  Ilollis 
professor  of  mathematics  and  natural  philosophy 
in  Harvard  college,  died  at  Cambridge  May  3, 
1779,  aged  64.  He  was  the  son  of  Adam 
Winthrop,  a  member  of  the  council,  and  a  de- 
scendant of  the  governor  of'  Massachusetts.  He 
was  graduated  in  1732.  In  1738  he  was  ap- 
pointed professor  in  the  place  of  Mr.  Green- 
wood. He  immediately  entered  upon  the  duties 
of  this  office  and  discharged  them  with  fidelity 
and  high  reputation  through  life.  In  1761  he 
sailed  to  St.  John's  in  Newfoundland,  to  observe 
the  transit  of  Venus  over  the  sun's  disk,  June  6th, 
agreeably  to  the  recommendation  of  Mr.  Halley. 
When  the  day  arrived,  he  was  favored  with  a 
fine,  clear  morning,  and  he  enjoyed  the  inexpres- 
sible satisfaction  of  observing  a  phenomenon 
which  had  never  before  been  seen,  evcepting  by 
Mr.  Horrox  in  1639,  by  any  inhabitant  of  the 
earth.  He  was  distinguished  for  his  very  inti- 
mate acquaintance  with  mathematical  science. 
His  talents  in  investigating  and  communicating 
truth  were  very  rare.  In  the  variety  and  extent 
of  his  knowledge  he  has  seldom  been  equalled. 
He  had  deeply  studied  the  politics  of  different 
ages;  and  he  was  thoroughly  acquainted  with 
the  controversy  between  Christians  and  deists. 
His    firm   faith   in   the  Christian   religion   was 


founded  upon  an  accurate  examination  of  the 
evidences  of  its  truth,  and  the  virtues  of  his  life 
added  a  lustre  to  his  intellectual  jjowers  and  sci- 
entific attainments.  In  his  family  he  devoutly 
maintained  the  worshi])  of  the  Supreme  Being. 
While  he  himself  attended  upon  the  positive  in- 
stitutions of  the  gospel,  he  could  not  conceive 
what  reason  any  one,  who  called  himself  a  Chris- 
tian, could  give  for  neglecting  them.  The  day 
before  his  death  he  said :  "  The  hope  that  is  sot 
before  us  in  the  New  Testament  is  the  only 
thing  which  will  support  a  man  in  his  dying 
hour.  If  any  man  builds  on  any  other  founda- 
tion, in  my  apprehension  his  foundation  will  fail." 
His  accurate  observations  of  the  transit  of  Mer- 
cury in  1740  were  noticed  by  the  royal  society  of 
London.  He  published  a  lecture  on  earthquakes, 
1755;  answer  to  Mr.  Prince's  letter  upon  earth- 
quakes, 1756;  two  letters  on  comets,  1759;  an 
account  of  several  fiery  meteors,  1765. 

WINTHROP,  James,  LL.  1).,  judge,  the  son 
of  the  preceding,  was  graduated  in  1769,  and 
fought  in  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill.  For  some 
years  he  was  chief  justice  of  the  court  of  com- 
mon pleas,  and  register  of  probate.  He  died  at 
Cambridge  Sept.  26, 1821,  aged  70.  His  brother, 
William,  a  graduate  of  1770,  died  in  1825,  at 
Cambridge.  The  valuable  library  which  he  had 
collected  he  bequeathed  to  Alleghany  college, 
Pennsylvania.  He  published  a  translation  of  a 
part  of  the  Apocalypse,  1794,  and  various  scien- 
tific papers. 

WINTHROP,  Thomas  Lindall,  lieutenant- 
governor  of  Massachusetts,  a  descendant  of  Gov. 
W.,  died  in  Boston  Feb.  22,  1841,  aged  81.  He 
was  the  son  of  John  Still  Winthrop  and  of  Jane 
Borland,  grand-daughter  of  Timothy  Lindnll. 
He  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1780,  and  married 
Elizabeth  Bowdoin  Temple  in  1786.  From  182G 
to  1832  he  was  lieutenant-governor.  He  was 
president  of  the  Massachusetts  historical  society 
and  of  the  American  antiquarian  society.  He 
was  the  father  of  Mrs.  Tappan,  wife  of  Rev.  Dr. 
T.  of  Augusta,  Me.,  and  of  five  sons,  —  James, 
who  took  the  name  of  Bowdoin,  who  graduated 
at  Bowdoin  college  in  1814,  was  a  lawyer  in  Bos- 
ton, and  died  in  1834 ;  Francis  William,  de- 
ceased; George  Edward  J  Grenville Temple;  and 
Robert  Charles  of  Boston,  late  a  senator  of  the 
United  States.  He  was  a  man  of  large  property, 
and  highly  respected  by  his  fellow-citizens,  lie 
was  a  benefactor  of  the  historical  society.  His 
body  found  a  resting-place  in  a  remarkable  tomb 
in  the  King's  chapel  burying-ground  in  Boston, 
—  a  tomb  in  which  were  placed  three  of  his  an- 
cestors, who  were  governors ;  John  of  Massachu- 
setts, John  and  Fitz  John,  governors  of  Connec- 
ticut, and  also  Waitstill,  a  brother  of  the  last, 
chief  justice  and  major-general.    There  also  rest 


WIXTIIllOP. 

Elizabeth  Bowdoln,  the  wife  of  Lieut  -Gov.  \V., 
and  bis  sister,  Mrs.  Aim  Winthrop  Scars,  the 
mother  of  J)avid  Sears. 

WINTIIJIOP,  Adam,  died  near  New  Orleans 
in  18H>,  aged  Grt;  clerk  in  the  district  court  of 
Louisiana.     He  graduated  at  Harvard  in  IHOO. 

WIllT,  WiLLl.\M,  LL.  ]).,  died  at  Wiisbin-rton 
Feb.  11,  1H35,  aged  C2.  Born  at  Bladens- 
burg  Nov.  8,  1772,  his  father  was  a  Swiss, 
his  mother  a  German,  both  dying  before  he 
was  eight  years  old.  By  an  uncle  he  was  edu- 
cated till  he  was  fifteen,  but  he  never  was  at 
college.  In  1792  he  commenced  the  practice  of 
law  in  Virginia.  Marrying  the  daughter  of  ])r. 
George  Gilmer,  he  lived  with  him  near  Char- 
lottesville, and  here  he  was  introduced  to  the  ac- 
quaintance of  Jefferson,  Madison,  and  Monroe. 
It  is  said  he  was  reclaimed  from  dissipation  by  a 
sermon  of  James  Waddell.  In  1802  he  was  ap- 
jjointcd  chancellor  and  lived  at  Williamsburg ; 
his  second  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Col.  Gamble. 
He  removed  to  Norfolk  in  1803  ;  to  Richmond  in 
1806.  As  a  lawyer  he  was  distinguished  at  the 
trial  of  Burr.  In  1817  he  was  attorney-general 
of  the  U.  S.  In  1830  he  removed  to  Baltimore. 
As  a  Christian  he  was  exemplary  and  held  in 
respect.  About  1802  he  wrote  the  British  spy, 
in  which  he  sjjoke  of  the  blind  preacher  Wad- 
dell ;  it  j)assed  through  ten  editions.  His  old 
bachelor  was  written  in  1812;  his  life  of  Patrick 
Henry  in  1817. 

AVISE,  John,  minister  of  Ipswich,  now  Essex, 
Mass.,  died  April  8,  1725,  aged  73.  lie  was  the 
son  of  Joseph  W.,  of  Koxbury;  was  graduated 
at  Harvard  college  in  1673 ;  and  was  soon  or- 
dained at  Chebacco  in  Ipswich.  In  1688  he  was 
imprisoned  by  Andros  for  remonstrating  against 
the  taxes  as  a  grievance,  because  imposed  without 
an  assembly.  After  the  llevolution  he  brought 
an  action  against  Mr.  Dudley,  the  chief  justice, 
for  denying  him  the  benefits  of  the  habeas  corpus 
act.  Being  a  chajdain  in  the  unhappy  expedi- 
tion against  Canada  in  1690,  he  distinguished 
himself  not  oidy  by  the  pious  discharge  of  the 
sacred  office,  but  by  his  heroic  8|)irit  and  martial 
skill.  When  several  ministers  signed  proposals 
in  1705  for  establishing  associations,  which 
should  be  intrusted  with  spiritual  ]iower,  he 
exerted  himself  with  effect  to  avert  the  danger 
which  threatened  the  Congregational  churches. 
In  a  book,  which  he  wrote  upon  this  occasion, 
entitled  the  churches'  quarrel  espoused,  he  exhib- 
ited no  small  share  of  the  wit  and  satire  of  a 
former  minister  of  Ipswich,  Mr.  Ward.  He  con- 
tended that  each  church  contains  in  itself  all 
ecclesiastical  authority.  In  1721,  when  the  inoc- 
ulation for  the  small  pox  was  first  introduced,  he 
was  one  of  those  ministers  who  ai)proved  of  it. 
Mr.  Stoddard  of  Northampton  was  another.  He 
was  enriched  with  the  excellences  of  nature  and 


WISTAR. 


875 


religion,  uniting  a  gra^'eful  form  and  majestio 
asjioct  to  a  lively  iniiigination  and  sound  judg. 
inent,  and  to  iucorniptililc  intigrity,  unshaken 
fortitude,  lil)eral  charity,  and  fervent"  piety.  His 
attachment  to  ti.il  niul  religious  liliertv  w';is  zeal- 
ous and  firm.  Himv.s  a  learned  sc'holur  and 
elo(]uent  orator.  In  his  l;ist  sieknes.s  he  expressed 
a  deei)sense  of  his  own  unwortliiness  in  thesight 
of  Heaven,  and  a  conviction  that  lie  needed  the 
Divine  mercy  and  was  entirely  dependent  oii  (he 
free  grace  of  God  in  Christ  Jesus.  He  jiulilished 
the  churches'  quarrel  es|)()use(l.  1710;  and  a  vin- 
dication of  the  government  of  the  New  England 
churches,  about  the  year  1717  or  1718.  It  was 
reprinted  in  1772.  ile  contends  that  the  eccle- 
siastical government,  as  established  by  Christ 
and  as  existing  in  New  England,  was  a  democ- 
racy, and  was  best  calculated  for  the  advantage  of 
all.  —  Spruijiie's  Annals. 

WISE,  Jkkemiaii,  minister  of  Berwick,  Me., 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1700,  and 
was  ordained  successor  of  John  Wade  Nov.  26, 
1707.  He  died  in  1756.  He  was  a  man  of  emi- 
nent piety  and  goodness.  He  published  a  ser- 
mon on  the  death  of  Charles  Frost,  1725  ;  elec- 
tion sermon,  1729;  a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of 
James  Pike,  1730. 

WISNER,  Bi;.\JAMix  B.,D.D.,  died  in  Boston 
of  the  scarlet  fever  Feb.  9,  1835,  aged  40;  min- 
ister of  the  old  south  church,  one  of  the  secreta- 
ries of  the  American  board  of  missions.  Born 
in  Goshen,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  29,  1791,his  father, P.  B. 
Wisner,  soon  afterwards  removed  to  Geneva, 
where  he  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  and  found- 
ers of  the  church.  He  graduated  at  Union  col- 
lege in  1813,  and  was  a  tutor  for  several  years. 
He  studied  theology  at  Princeton.  His  wife  was 
Sarah  H.Johnson  of  Johnstown,  llewasordained 
Feb.  21,  1821.  Ill  health  induced  him  to  relin- 
quish the  beloved  work  of  the  ministry  for  the 
office  of  secretary  in  1832.  He  died  after  a  short 
illness,  in  Christian  peace  and  hope.  A  memoir 
is  inserted  in  the  missionary  herald  for  1836. 
He  was  a  man  of  judgment,  wisdom,  and  energy. 
His  successor  was  S.  H.  Stearns.  His  predeces- 
sors in  the  old  south  cl—rch  were  Thacher,  Wil- 
lard,  Pemberton,  Sewall,  Prince,  Gumming, 
Blair,  Bacon,  Himt,  Eckley,  and  Huntington. 
He  jiublished  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  Mrs. 
Phillii)s,  1823 ;  of  W.  Phillips,  1827 ;  before  a  for- 
eign missionary  society  ;  review  of  Channing's 
dedication  sermon,  1826 ;  to  society  for  propa- 
gating the  gospel ;  history  of  the  old  south 
church,  1830;  on  Sabbath  schools ;  review  of  the 
new  divinity  tried,  1832.  —  Sprayue's  Annals. 

WISTAR,  Caspar,  M.  D.,  a  j)hysiciaii,  died 
Jan.  22,  1818,  aged  50.  He  was  a  grandson  of 
Casjjar  W.,  who  emigrated  from  Germany  in 
1717,  and  established  a  glass  manufactory  in  New 
Jersey.    He  was  born  in  Philadelphia  Sept.  13, 


876 


WISTAR. 


WITUEIISPOON. 


1761 ;  liis  parents  were  Quakers.  In  Oct.,  1783, ' 
he  went  to  England  in  order  to  comiilete  liis  med- 
ical education.  His  father's  death  put  liim  in  ])08- 
BesNion  of  a  fortune)  yet  was  he  not  induced  to  | 
relax  in  his  industry.  He  returned  to  Piiiladcl- 
phia  in  Jan.,  1787.  In  1789  he  was  elected  pro-  | 
lessor  of  chemistry  in  the  college;  and  in  1808 
he  succeeded  Shippen  as  professor  of  anatomy. 
As  a  lecturer  he  was  fluent  and  eloquent,  and  he 
gave  most  ample  instruction.  As  a  physician  he 
was  scrupulously  attentive  to  his  patients  and  em- 
inently skilful.  He  died  of  a  malignant  fever. 
Three  children,  hy  his  second  wife,  Elizabeth 
Mifflin,  niece  of  Gov.  M.,  survived  him.  He  pub- 
lished a  system  of  anatomy.  —  Tilghman'a  Eu- 
lo(/i/ ;  Thaclier, 

'WISTAll,  Thomas,  of  Philadelphia,  died  in 
1801,  aged  88.  He  was  a  merchant,  a  man  of 
probity  and  benevolence. 

WISWALL,  ICHABOD,  minister  of  Duxbury, 
Mass.,  died  it  is  thought  about  1700.  But  little 
is  known  of  him.  There  is,  however,  a  record  of 
one  important  public  service.  He  went  to  Eng- 
land with  the  Massachusetts  agents  to  assist  in 
procuring  what  was  obtained,  the  charter  of  Mas- 
sachusetts Bay,  uniting  the  colonies  of  Plymouth 
and  JIassachusetts.  He  was  pastor  thirty  years, 
and  was  succeeded  by  J.  Ilobinson  from  1700  to 
1737  ;  subsequently  by  Veazie,  Turner,  Sanger, 
and  AUyn.  His  predecessors  were  W.  Brewster, 
R.  Partridge,  and  J.  Holmes. 

WISWALL,  John,  first  minister  of  Falmouth, 
Me.,  died  in  1812,  aged  about  85.  He  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1749,  and  was  pastor  from  1756  to 
1764.  E.  Williams  and  W.  Miltimore  succeeded 
him. 

WITHEREL,  Obaduh,  died  in  Albion,  Me., 
in  1844,  aged  98.  Born  in  Pepperell,  he  served 
in  the  whole  Revolutionary  war.  One  of  the  first 
settlers  of  Norridgewock,  he  lived  there  more 
than  fifty  years. 

WITHERELL,or  WETHERELL,  William, 
first  minister  of  the  second  church  in  Scituate, 
died  in  1684,  aged  84.  lie  was  born  in  England ; 
settled  in  1645 ;  and  was  succeeded  by  Mighill, 
Lawson,  Elles,  Barnes,  and  Deane. 

WITHERSl'OOX,  John,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.  pres- 
ident of  the  college  of  New  Jersey,  died  Nov. 
15,  1794,  aged  72.  lie  was  born  in  Ye8ter,near 
Edinburgh,  Feb.  5,  1722,  and  was  lineally  de- 
scended from  John  Knox.  At  the  age  of  four- 
teen he  entered  the  university  of  Edinburgh, 
■where  he  continued  till  he  reached  the  age  of 
twenty  one,  when  he  was  licensed  to  ])reach  the 
gospel.  He  was  soon  ordained  at  Beith,  and 
thence  was  translated  to  Paisley.  Here  he  lived 
in  high  reputation  and  great  usefulness,  until  he 
was  called  to  the  presidency  of  Princeton  college. 
So  extensively  was  he  known  that  he  was  invited 
to    Dundee,  to   Dublin,  and  Rotterdam.     He 


arrived  with  his  family  at  Princeton,  N.  J.,  ia 
Aug.,  17C8,  and  took  tiic  charge  of  a  srmiuary, 
over  which  had  ])rcsi(lcd  Dickinson,  Burr,  Ed- 
wards, Davics,  and  Finlcy,  men  distinguished  for 
genius,  learning,  and  piety.  His  name  brouji;ht 
a  great  accession  of  students  to  the  college,  and 
by  his  exertions  its  funds  were  much  augmented. 
But  the  war  of  the  American  Revolution  ])ros- 
trated  every  thing.  While  the  academical  shades 
were  deserted,  and  his  functions  as  president  were 
suspended,  he  was  introduced  into  a  new  field  of 
labor.  As  he  became  at  once  an  American  on  his 
landing  in  this  country,  the  citizens  of  New  Jer- 
sey, who  knew  his  distinguished  abilities,  ap- 
pointed him  a  member  of  the  convention  which 
formed  the  constitution  of  that  State.  Here  he 
ajjpeared  as  profound  a  civilian  as  he  had  before 
been  known  to  be  a  philosopher  and  divine. 
From  the  Revolutionary  committees  and  conven- 
tions of  the  State  he  was  sent,  early  in  177(),  a 
representative  to  the  congress.  He  was  during 
seven  years  a  member  of  that  illustrious  body, 
and  he  was  always  collected,  firm,  and  wise  amidst 
the  embarrassing  circumstances  in  which  con- 
gress was  placed.  His  name  is  affixed  to  the 
declaration  of  independence.  But,  while  he  was 
thus  engaged  in  political  aflairs,  he  did  not  lay 
aside  his  ministry.  He  gladly  embraced  every 
opportunity  of  preaching,  for  his  character  as  a 
minister  of  the  gospel  he  ever  considered  as  his 
highest  honor.  As  soon  as  the  state  of  the 
country  would  permit,  the  college  was  reestab- 
lished, and  its  instruction  was  recommenced 
under  the  immediate  care  of  the  vice-president. 
Dr.  Smith.  After  the  termination  of  the  strug- 
gle for  American  liberty.  Dr.  W.  was  induced 
from  his  attachment  to  the  college  to  cross  the 
ocean,  that  he  might  promote  its  benefit.  After 
his  return,  he  entered  into  that  retirement  which 
was  dear  to  him,  and  his  attention  was  principally 
confined  to  the  duties  of  his  office  as  president, 
and  as  a  minister  of  the  gospel.  For  more  than 
two  years  before  his  death  he  was  afflicted  with 
the  loss  of  sight ;  but  during  his  blindness  he 
was  frequently  led  into  the  pulpit,  and  he  always 
acquitted  himself  with  his  usual  accuracy  and 
animation.  At  length  he  sunk  under  the  jjrcs- 
sure  of  his  infirmities.  He  was  succeeded  by 
Dr.  Smith.  He  possessed  a  mass  of  information, 
well  selected  and  thoroughly  digested.  Scorcely 
any  man  of  the  age  had  a  more  vigorous  niiiul 
or  a  more  sound  understanding.  As  president 
of  the  college  he  rendered  literary  inquiries  more 
liberal,  extensive,  and  profound,  and  was  the 
means  of  producing  an  important  revolution  in 
the  system  of  education.  lie  extended  the  study 
of  mathematical  science, and  it  is  believed  he  Mas 
the  first  man  who  taught  in  America  the  sub- 
stance of  those  doctrines  of  the  j)hilosophy  of 
the  mind,  which  Dr.  Reid  afterwards  developed 


WITHERSPOON. 


AVOLCOTT. 


877 


with  so  much  success.     He  was  very  ilistinffuishccr  liuul,   in   1030;   settled   nt   Dorchester;   hut  in 
as  a  preacher,     lie  loved  to  dwell  on   the  f,'re;U    10;;C  removed  to  AViiulsor,  where  he  was  a  uiaR- 

istratc.  Amoii^'  his  dtseciulants  may  lie  reck- 
oned three  froveriiors  of  ('onneclicut.  "  His  stone 
monument,  of  a  liandMime  lorm,one  of  the  iddent 


doctrines  of  Divine  prace.  Tliouf;li  he  wrote  his 
sermons  and  committed  them  to  memory,  yet  as 
he  was  governed  hy  the  desire  of  doin;^  jjood  and 


ishcd 


wislicu   to  Imng    Ins  discourses  to    ttie  level  of  ,  in  tiie  State,  vas  made  iiv  his  son-in-law,  a  stonc- 
cvery  understanding,  he  vyas  not  conlined,  when  ;  eulter,  Matthew  Grisv.old,  ancestor  of  the  Gris- 


addressing  his  hearers,  within  the  houndaries  of 
what  he  liad  written.  His  life  was  ujjright  and 
liolv.  Besides  the  daily  intercourse  with  Heaven 
which  he  held  in  the  closet,  and  occasional  sea- 
sons of  solemn  recollection  and  devotion,  he  ob- 
served the  last  day  of  the  year  with  his  family  us 
a  day  of  fasting,  liumilialion,  and  ])rayer. 

His  works  are  various,  for  he  wrote  on  politi- 
cal, moral,  literary,  and  religious  suhjects.  Xo 
one  has  more  strikingly  displayed  the  pernicious 
clfects  of  the  stage ;  and  his  treatises  on  the  na- 
ture and  necessity  of  regeneration,  justification 
by  free  grace  through  Jesus  Christ,  the  imjjor- 
tancc  of  truth  in  religion,  or  the  connection 
between  sound  principles  and  a  holy  practice,  are 
lil;,'hly  esteemed.  Though  a  very  seri<  is  writer, 
he  yet  possessed  a  fund  of  refined  humor  and 
delicate  satire.  In  his  ecclesiastical  characteris- 
tics his  wit  was  directed  at  certain  corruptions  in 
principle  and  practice,  prevalent  in  the  church  of 
Scotland,  and  it  is  keen  and  cutting.  He  formed 
a  union  of  those  who  accorded  with  him,  and 
became  at  length  their  leader.  His  works  were 
published  in  4  vols.,  with  an  account  of  his  life  by 
Dr.  llodgers,  8vo.,  1802. — Edwards'  Qu.  lief/., 
Nov.,  1836. 

WITIIEIISPOON,  John  R.,  ^I.  D.,  died  in 
Greensborough,  Ala.,  about  1850,  aged  about 
75.  He  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1794.  He 
published  a  description  of  a  Latin  bible  of  the 
9th  century,  in  his  possession. 

WITIIEIISPOOX,  John,  D.  D.,  died  in  HiUs- 
boro',  N.  C,  Sept.  25,  1853,  aged  61 ;  a  grandson 
of  President  W.  Born  at  Newbern,  he  gradu- 
ated at  Chapel  Hill ;  he  was  at  first  a  lawyer, 
afterwards  a  minister  at  11.,  also  at  Camden  and 
Columbia,  S.  C.     He  was  able  and  influential. 

WITHERSPOON,  Alexander,  Dr.,  died  at 
Washington  in  1854,  aged  37.  Educated  medi- 
cally at  New  York,  he  was  house  surgeon  in  the 
city  hospital.  At  his  decease  he  was  a  member 
of  the  medical  corps  of  the  army.  He  contrib- 
uted ])npers  to  the  medical  journals. 

WITIHNGTON,  Lemuki,,  of  Dorchester,  died 
Nov.  12,  1847,  aged  90.  He  served  his  country 
in  Putman's  regiment  at  the  age  of  sixteen.  In 
his  old  age  he  was  resigned,  thouf^'i  twenty  years 
blind.  A  religiouf  man,  he  died  in  peace,  in  the 
hope  of  glory. 

WOLCOTT,  Henuy,  the  first  ancestor  in  this 
country  of  many  distinguished  men  of  the  name 
of  Wolcott,  died  in  Windsor,  Conn.,  in  1655, 
aged  77.    He  came  from  Somersetshire,  Eng- 


wold  family  ii;  Lyme. 

WOLCOTT,  R(i(ii-,u.  jrovcrnor  of  Connecticut, 
a   descendant  of  Henry  M'.,  died  May  17,  17(17, 
aged  SH.     He  was  born  at  Windsor  Jan.  4,  KiTO. 
His  jiarents  lived  in  a  ])art  of  the  country  which 
suttered  much  from  the  Indians,  and  in  the  town 
there  was  neither  a  schoolmaster  nor  minister,  so 
that  he  was  not  a  menilier  of  a  coninidn  school 
for  a  single  day  in  his  life.    When  he  was  twelve 
years  of  age  he  was  bound  as  an  aijjnentice  fo  a 
mechanic.    At  the  age  of  twenty-one,  when  the 
laws   ])ormilted  him   to  enjoy  the  fruits  of  his 
labors,  he  established  himself  on  the  east  side  of 
Connecticut  river  in  the  same  town  in  which  he 
was  born,  where  by  the  i)lossing  of  God  ujion  his 
industry  and  frugality  he  acquned  what  was  con- 
sidered as  a  ))lentiful  fortune.     He  is  an  eminent 
l)roof  of  the  jjower  of  talents  and  integrity,  in  a 
free  country, in  raising  one  to  distinction,  notwith- 
standing the  disadvantages  of  education  and  of 
birth.     He  rose  by  degrees  to  the  highest  mili- 
tary and  civil  honors.     In  the  expodii'ou  against 
Canada  in  1711  he  was  commissarr  of  the  Con- 
necticut forces,  and  at  the  captui.j  of  Louisburg 
in  1745  he  bore  the  commission  of  major-gencril. 
He  was  successively  a  member  of  the  assembly 
and  of  the  council,  judge  of  the  county  court, 
deputy  governor,   chief  judge  of   the   fuperior 
court,  and  from  1751  to  1754,  governor.     In  all 
his  exaltation  above  his  neighbors  he  exhibited  no 
haughtiness   of    deportment,   hut   was   easy  of 
access,  free  and  affable,  of  ready  wit  and  great 
humor.     His  literary  attainments  were  such,  that 
in  conversation  with  the  learned  ujion  most  sub- 
jects ho  secured  resjject.     He  was  much  attached 
to  the  peculiar  doctrines  of  the  gos])el,  and  was 
fur  many  years  a  member  of  a  Christian  chiu'ch. 
From  the  year  1754,  when  his  life  was  more 
retired,  he  devoted  himself  particularly  to  read- 
ing, meditation,  and  prayer.    He  was  very  tfareful 
in  searching  into  himself,  that  he  might  ])erccive 
his  own  character,  and  know  whether   lie  was 
rescued  from  that  de])ravity,  to  which  previously 
to  the  renewing  agency  of  the  Divine  Sjiirit  the 
numan  mind  is  subjected,  and  whether  he  was 
interested  in  the  salvation  of  the  gospel.     In  his 
last  moments  he  was  supported  by  the  hopes  of 
the  Christian,  and  he  entered  into  his  rest.     He 
had  eleven  children.     He  jiublished  ])oetical  med- 
itations, with  a  preface   hy  Mr.  Bulkley  of  Col- 
chester, 1725 ;  a  letter  to  Mr.  Iloliart  in   1701, 
entitled,  the  New  English  Congregational  churches 
are  and  always  have  been  consocialed  churches. 


878 


WOLCOTT. 


WOLFE. 


and  their  liberties  greater  and  better  founded  in 
their  platform,  aj^reed  upon  at  Caml)rid{;o  in 
1048,  than  in  the  agreement  at  Sayhrook  in  1708. 
A  long  poem,  written  by  Gov.  Wolcott,  entitled, 
a  brief  account  of  the  agency  of  J.  Winthrop  in 
the  court  of  Charles  II.,  in  lC62,in  procuring  the 
charter  of  Connecticut,  is  ])reserved  in  the  collec- 
tions of  the  historical  society.  It  describes  with 
considerable  minuteness  the  Pequot  war.  His 
vacant  hours  was  iiublished,  1724. — Uiat,  Coll. 
IV.  262-297. 

WOLCOTT,  Erastus,  a  judge  of  the  superior 
court  of  Connecticut,  died  in  1793,  aged  70. 
The  son  of  the  ])receding,  he  was  born  about  the 
year  1723.  In  1776  he  commanded  a  regiment 
of  militia,  and  assisted  in  the  investment  of  Bos- 
ton. He  was  appointed  a  brigadier-general  in 
1777,  and  went  on  an  expedition  to  Peekskill. 
He  was  rejjeatedly  a  member  of  congress.  To- 
wards the  close  of  his  life  he  resigned  his  office 
of  judge.  Integrity  and  patriotism  were  united 
in  his  character  with  religion.  He  was  a  zealous 
friend  to  republican  ])rinciples,  an  able  advocate 
of  the  rights  of  his  country.  His  last  illness  he 
bore  with  a  cheerful  serenity  and  submission  to 
the  will  of  God.  A  short  religious  tract,  written 
by  him,  was  annexed  to  McClure's  sermon  on  his 
death. 

WOLCOTT,  Alexander,  Dr.,  died  at  Wind- 
sor, Conn.,  in  1795,  aged  93. 

WOLCOTT,  Oliver,  LL.  D.,  governor  of 
Connecticut,  the  son  of  Gov.  Rcger  W.,  died 
Dec.  1,  1797,  aged  71.  He  Avas  born  about  the 
year  1726,  and  graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1747. 
He  held  a  captain's  commission  in  the  war 
with  the  French.  On  retiring  from  military  ser- 
vice he  studied  physic  j  but  his  attention  was 
drawn  from  this  profession  by  his  appointment  as 
high  sheriff  of  the  county  of  Litchfield,  which 
ofBce  he  sustained  about  fourteen  years.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  memorable  congress  which 
agreed  upon  the  declaration  of  independence  in 
1776,  and  he  boldly  advocated  that  measure. 
Barlow,  in  his  vision  of  Columbus,  says  : 

"  Bold  Wolcott  urg'd  the  all  important  cause, 
With  stead;  hand  the  solemn  scene  he  draws ; 
Undaunted  firmness  with  bis  wisdom  join'd, 
Nor  Idngs  nor  worlds  could  warp  bis  steadfast  mind." 

He  was  chosen  governor  in  1796.  Mr.  Trumbull 
succeeded  him.  Incorruptible  integrity  and  un- 
shaken firmness  were  conspicuous  traits  in  his 
character.  He  was  the  friend  of  virtue  and  re- 
ligion. In  his  last  sickness  he  expressed  a  deep 
sense  of  his  personal  unworthiness  and  guilt. 

WOLCOTT,  William,  Dr.,  died  at  Windsor. 
Conn.,  in  1825,  aged  72  ;  the  son  of  William  of 
East  Windsor. 

WOLCOTT,  Oliver,  governor  of  Connecticut 
and  circuit  judge,  died  at  New  York  June  1, 


1833,  aged  73.  lie  was  a  native  of  Litchfield, 
the  son  of  Oliver  W.,  who  was  also  •,'((V('rnor. 
He  graduated  at  Ynle  in  177S.  Educated  for 
the  bar,  Washington  ajipointed  him  auditor  niid 
comptroller  of  the  treasury.  He  succeeded  Ham- 
ilton from  1795  to  1800  as  secretary  of  the  treas- 
ury, in  which  place  he  continued  till  the  end  of 
J.  Adams'  term  of  office.  From  1800  to  1815 
he  was  a  merchant  in  New  York.  After  the  war 
of  1812  with  England,  he  was  governor  from 
1817  to  1827)  then  he  returned  to  New  York  to 
be  near  his  children.  His  wife  was  EHzubeili, 
daughter  of  John  Stoughton  of  Windsor.  Ilfs 
sister,  Mary  Anne,  wife  of  Chaunccy  Goodrich, 
was  a  very  accomplished  woman.  Born  in  17(j5 
in  the  war  a  leaden  statue  of  George  III.  was 
carried  from  New  York  to  Litchfield  and  cast 
into  bullets,  and  she  end  other  ladies  formed 
them  into  good  patriotic  cartridges.  He  was  a 
statesman,  and  was  acquainted  with  literature 
and  in  his  conversation  was  sagacious  and  witty 
and  made  keen  observations  on  the  world.  Ills 
correspondence  in  two  volumes  was  published 
by  his  grandson,  Gibbs.  —  Qood;  icJ,'i  Recolhc- 
tions. 

WOLCOTT,  Frederic,  councillor  and  sena- 
tor in  Connecticut,  died  at  Litchfield  in  1837,  aged 
70.  The  brother  of  Oliver,  he  graduated  at 
Yale  in  1786.  A  man  of  talents  and  character 
he  was  forty-five  years  in  office. 

WOLCOTT,  Mrs.,  wife  of  Samuel'w.,  mis- 
sionary to  Syria,  died  at  Beirut  Oct.  26,  1841,  in 
great  peace. 

WOLF,  George,  died  at  Philadelphia  March 
11,  1840,  aged  63.  He  was  governor,  1829- 
1835  J  first  comptroller  of  the  United  States, 
1836;  collector  of  Philadelphia  and  member  of 
congress,  1824-1829. 

WOLFE,  James,  a  major-general  in  the  Brit- 
ish army,  was  killed  Sept.  13,  1759,  aged  32. 
He  was  born  inWesterham  in  Kent,  Jan.  2, 1727. 
He  entered  young  into  the  army,  and  soon  dis- 
tinguished  himself  as  a  brave  and  skilful  officer. 
After  his  return  from  the  expedition  against  Lou- 
isburg  in  1758,  he  was  immediately  appointed 
to  the  command  of  one  of  the  expeditions  des- 
tined against  Canada  in  1759.  He  arrived  at  the 
Island  of  Orleans,  in  the  neighborhood  of  Que- 
bec, late  in  June.  On  the  last  of  July  he  at- 
tacked the  French  intrenchments  at  Montmo- 
rency on  the  left  bank  of  the  St.  Charles,  but  liis 
troops  were  thrown  into  disorder  by  the  enemy's 
fire,  and  he  was  compelled  to  give  orders  for  re- 
turning to  the  island.  He  now  determined  to 
effect  a  landing  above  the  city,  and  by  scaling  a 
precij)ice  to  gain  the  heights  back  of  the  town, 
where  it  was  but  slightly  fortified.  He  was  fully 
aware  of  the  temerity  of  the  enterprise,  but  re- 
solved to  execute  it.  Sept.  13,  an  hour  before 
daybreak,  he  landed  with  a  strong  detachment 


WOLFE. 

about  a  mile  above  cape  Diamond.    Ascending 
the  preciijicc  by  the  aid  of  the  rugged  projec- 
tions of  the  rocks  and  the  branches  of  trees  and 
plants  growing  on  the  cliffs,  the  van  gained  the 
heights,  and  quickly  dispersed  a  captain's  guard 
which  had  been  intrusted  with  a  four-gun  bat- 
tery.   The  whole  army  was  soon  upon  the  heights 
of  Abraham.     Montcalm  now  jierceived    that  a 
battle  could  no  longer  be  avoided,  and  that  the 
fate  of  Quebec  dei)ended  on  the  issue,     lie  im- 
mediately crossed  the  St.  Charles  and  marched 
to  attack  the  English  army.     In  the  beginning  of 
the  action  Wolfe  received  a  ball  in  his  wrist,  l)ut, 
wra])pir)g  a  handkerchief  around  his  arm,  he  con- 
tinued to  encourage  his  men.     He  soon  received 
a  shot  in  tlie  groui,  which  he  also  concealed.  Ho 
was  advancing  at  the  head  of  the  grenadiers  with 
charged  bayonets,  when  a  third  bullet  pierced 
his  breast.     Being  conveyed   into  the  rear,  be 
still  discovered,  in  the  agonies  of  death,  the  most 
anxious  solicitude  concerning  the  fate  of  the  day. 
Asking  an  officer  to  support  him  while  he  viewed 
the  field  :  "  Tell  me,  sir,"  said  he,  "do  the  enemy 
give  way   there?   tell   me,   for  I  cannot    see.'' 
His  sight  was  dimmed  and  confused,  and  almost 
extinguished  forever.     Being  told  that  the  enemy 
was  visibly  broken,  he  reclined  his  head  from  ex- 
treme faintness  on   the   officer's  arm ;   but  was 
soon  aroused  by  the  cry  of  "  They  run,  they  run !  " 
"  Who  run  ?  "  exclaimed  the  hero.     The  officer 
replied,  "  The  French  ;  they  are  beat,  sir ;  they 
are  living  before  you."    The  general  then  said, 
"  I  ain  satisfied,  my  boys ! "  and  almost  instantly 
expired.    Tliis  death  of  the  illustrious  Wolfe,  in 
the  thirty-third  year  of  liis  age,  combines  every 
circumstance  to   gratify  the   thirst  for  military 
glory.    If  the  creatures  of  God  were  allowed  to 
seek  their  own  honor,  and  if  men,  destined  for 
immortality,  would  choose    to  i)lace  this  honor 
in  having  their  names  repeated  and  their  hero- 
ism applauded  by  future  and  unknown  genera- 
tions, perhaps  no  instance  of  a  death  more  to  be 
envied  could  be  found  in  the  annals  of  history. 
The  body  of  Wolfe  was  carried  to  England,  and 
a  monument  was  erected  to  his  memory  in  West- 
minster abbey.     lie  was  formed  by  nature  for 
military  greatness.    His  apprehension  was  quick 
and  clear,  his  judgment  sound,  his  courage  dar- 
ing perhaps  to  an   extreme.    With   a  temper 
lively  and  almost  impetuous  he  was  not  subject 
to  passion,  and  with  the  greatest  independence 
he  was  free  from  pride.    He  was  manly  yet  gen- 
tle, kind  and  conciliating  in  his  manners.    He 
was  not  only  just,  but  generous  j  and  he  searched 
out  the  objects  of  his  charity  and  beneficence 
among  his  needy  officers.     One  of  the  most  cel- 
ebrated of  the  paintings  of  Benjamin  West  is 
that  of  the  death  of  Gen.  Wolfe.    His  life  and 
correspondence  was  published  in  London  in  1827, 
2  vols.  8vo. 


WOOD. 


870 


WOMPATUCK.  or  WAMrATITK.  Josiati, 
the  sachem  of  Mr.ttakeeset,  now  I'embrokc.  Muss., 
received  in  Hij'j  fourteen   pounds  to  extinjjiiish 
his  title  to  the  lands.     The  li^'hts  or  claims  of  liis 
son,  Josiah,  were  subsequently  purchased  in  KiSO, 
WOO]),    Wll.l.lAM,    autiioi     of     the  earliest 
printed  account  of  M^issacluisetts.  came  to  this 
country  in   1(5^9,  and,  after  a  resi(U>nce  of  about 
four  years,  set  sail  for  England  .\\ig.  l,j,  l(j;53. 
Nothing  furtlier  is  known  with  certainty  eoncern- 
ing  him.     He  says,  that  in  the  town  in  which  ho 
resided    there  were,  in  three  years  and  a  half, 
only  three  deatlis,  and  two  of  those  were  infants. 
Mr.  Lewis  supjjoses  that  he  lived  in  Lynn,  and 
was  the  William  W.  who  was  llie  re])resentalivo 
in  l()3(i,  and  in  KilJ"  removed  to  Sandwich, where 
he  was  town  clerk.     He  jiublislied  New  England's 
prospects,  being  a  true,  lively,  and  experimental 
description  of  that   part  of  .Vmcriea  commonly 
called  New  England ;  London,  ICIJl,  KilJ.j,  and 
lC39j  reprinted  in  Boston  with  an  introductory 
es?ay,  17C4.     This  work  is  well  written  and  very 
amusing.     It  is  surj)rising  that  it  has  not  been 
republished  in  the  Massachusetts  historical  col- 
lections.   The   towns   which    he    describes  are 
Wichaguscusset,  Mount  WoUeston,  Dorchester, 
Iloxbury,  Boston,  Charlestown,  Mcdford,  New- 
ton, Watcrtown,   Mistick,  AVinnisimet,  Saugus, 
Salem,  Marblehead,  Agowamme,  and  Merrimack, 
although  in  the  two  last  places  there  Avcre  "  .scarce 
any  inhabitants."    As  to  the  peninsula  of  Bos- 
ton, he  says  that  "  a  little  fencing  will  secure  their 
cattle  from  the  wolves ;  "  at  the   south  side,  at 
one  corner,  was  "  a  great  broad  hill,"  with  a  fort 
upon  it;  on  the  north  .side  was  an  equal  liill,  hav- 
ing a  windmill  upon  it ;  and  to  the  northwest 
"  a  high  mountain,  with   three  little  rising  hills 
on  the  top  of  it,  wherefore  it  is  called  the  Tra- 
mount."    This  word  now  appears  in  the  form  of 
Trcmont.    His  specimen  of  the  Massachusetts' 
Indian  language  is  the  earliest  to  be  found,  —  the 
following  are  a  few  of  the  words :  abamocho,  the 
devil ;  annum,  a  dog ;  cowims,  sleeps ;  cossaquot, 
bow  and  arrows ;    cone,  the  sun  ;    cocjiot,  ice ; 
cat  chumnis,  Indian  corn;  hoc,  the  body;  hub 
hub  hub,  come  come  come ;  matchet,  it  is  naught ; 
mattamoi,   to   die ;   matta,  no ;  niawcus  sinnus, 
a  pair  of  shoes ;    maw  paw,  it  snows ;  matchet 
wequon,  very  blunt;   nuncompees,  a  boy;    nick- 
squaw,  a  maid ;  nippe,  water ;  nasampe,  pottage ; 
netop,  a  friend ;  oltucke,  a  deer  ;  occone,  a  deer- 
skin; ottommaocke,  tobacco;  ontoquos,  a  wolf; 
pow  wow,  a  conjurer;  pappouse,  a  child;  picke, 
a  pipe  ;  papowne,  winter  ;  pequas,  a  fox ;  pesissu, 
a  little  man  ;  sagamore,  a  king ;  sachem,  a  king ; 
sannup,  a  man ;  squaw,  a  woman ;  suckis  suacke, 
a  clam ;  sequan,  the  summer ;  tokuche,  a  hatchet ; 
wampompeage,    Int'ian    money;     winnet,    very 
good  i  wigwam,  a  house  ;  wawpatucke,  a  goose  ; 
wompey,  white ;  squi,  red ;  as  cos  coi,  green. 


880 


WOOD. 


WOODBRIDGE. 


WOOD,  Samctii,,  Dr.,  wns  one  of  tlin  first  set- 
tlers of  J)niil)ury,  Conn.,  nbout  HiSij.  lie  wns 
born  and  educated  in  Kn^jlnnd,  iind  wns  n  repdar 
bre<l  i)bysician,  able,  skilful,  and  useful  many 
yenrH  in  the  town. 

WOOD,  J.\MKH,  governor  of  Virginia,  died  nt 
Richmond  in  June,  1813.  lie  was  a  distinguished 
general  officer  in  the  Ilevolutionary  army.  He 
was  chosen  governor  in  179G,  and  was  succeeded 
by  Mr.  Monroe  in  1799. 

WOOD,  John,  a  native  of  Scotland,  died  in 
May,  1822.  In  18()G  he  edited  a  i)a])er,  the  West- 
ern World,  in  Kentucky,  and  in  1817  a  paper,  the 
Atlantic  AVorld,  at  AVashington.  In  his  last  years 
he  resided  at  Uichmond,  Va.,  and  was  employed 
in  drawing  maps  of  the  counties.  He  published 
a  history  of  Switzerland  and  of  the  Swiss  revolu- 
tion ;  history  of  the  administration  of  J.  Adams ; 
a  statement  of  the  sources,  etc.  of  the  above,  1802 ; 
exposition  of  the  Clintonian  faction,  1602;  anew 
theory  of  the  diurnal  motion  of  the  earth,  1809. 

WOOD,  AliRAHAM,  first  minister  of  Chester- 
field, N.  II.,  died  in  1823,  aged  75,  in  the  fifty- 
first  year  of  his  ministry.  He  graduated  at  Dart- 
mouth in  1707,  and  was  ordained  Dec.  31,  1772. 

WOOD,  AsAiiEL,  a  Baptist  minister,  died  at 
Poultney,  Vt.,  in  1824,  aged  55 ;  bequeathing  his 
property,  after  the  death  of  his  wife,  to  foreign 
mission  and  educational  societies. 

WOOD,  Samuel,  D.  D.,  died  at  Boscawen, 
N.  II.,  Dec.  24,  1836,  aged  84.  He  was  born  in 
Mansfield,  Conn.,  but  his  father  removed  to  Leb- 
anon, N.H.J  he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1779, 
and  was  ordained  in  1781  at  Boscawen.  The 
next  year  between  thirty  and  forty  heads  of  fami- 
lies were  added  to  the  church.  No  minister  in 
the  State  fitted  so  many  young  men  for  college, 
being  one  hundred  in  number,  of  whom  about 
fifty  became  ministers  of  the  gospel.  By  them 
he  was  regarded  with  affection  and  respect.  His 
charity  was  manifested  in  the  aid  of  those  who 
needed  his  assistance.  On  the  day  before  his 
death  he  preached  on  "  working  while  it  is  day." 
His  last  words  before  his  death  were,  "  All  is 
well."  He  j)ublished  a  sermon  at  the  ordination 
of  B.  Wood ;  a  fast  sermon,  1804. 

WOOD,  Lois,  Mrs., died  at  Leominster, Mass., 
in  1836,  aged  100  years  and  6  months. 

WOOD,  Mrs.,  the  wife  of  George  Wood,  mis- 
sionary, died  at  Singapore  March  8,  1839.  Mr. 
Orr  made  an  address  at  her  funeral.  Her  name 
was  Johnston,  of  Morristown,  N.  J.  —  N.  Y.  Ob- 
server, Nov.  14,  1840. 

WOOD,  Sylvanus,  died  in  Woburn  Aug., 
1840,  aged  93,  a  pensioner.  In  the  battle  of 
Lexington  he  took  the  first  prisoner  of  the  war. 

WOOD,  Jamks,  a  Methodist  minister,  died  at 
Kingwood,  Va.,  in  1840,  aged  89. 

WOOD,  Stephen,  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution- 


ary war,  who  fought  in  various  battles,  died  in 
Salem,  Mass.,  in  1841,  aged  9-1. 

WOOD,  Thomas  II.,  minister  of  Halifax,  Vt., 
died  in  1842,  aged  09.  Born  in  Norwich, Conn., 
he  graduated  at  Williams  college  in  1799. 

WOOD,  Stei'IIEX,  Dr.,  died  in  Miami,  Ohio, 
in  1844,  aged  82.  He  was  the  last  survivor  of 
the  band  of  pioneers  associated  with  John  Cleves 
Symmes  in  the  settlement  of  North  Bend  in 
1789.  Probably  no  man  had  lived  so  long  in 
Ohio. 

WOOD,  Joel,  died  at  Fort  Miller,  N.  Y.,  June 
6,  1845,  aged  48.  He  was  fifteen  years  a  mis- 
sionary  among  the  Choctaw  Indians,  and  one  year 
among  the  Tuscaroras.  From  ill  health  he  left 
the  south,  and  for  five  years  was  the  pastor  of  a 
church  at  Fort  Miller.  — A".  Y.  Obs.,  July  12. 

WOOD,  Silas,  died  at  Huntington,  L.  L, 
March  2,  1847,  aged  78.  He  was  a  member  of 
congress,  and  the  author  of  a  history  of  Long 
Island. 

WOOD,  Benjamin,  died  at  Upton,  Mass.,  April 
24,  1849,  aged  76.  His  parents  removed  from 
Mansfield  to  Lebanon,  N.H.,  where  he  was  born; 
Dr.  W.  of  Boscawen  was  his  brother.  A  graduate 
of  Dartmouth  in  1793,  he  studied  with  Emrnons, 
and  was  ordained  June  1,  1796.  He  knew  eight 
seasons  of  revival.  His  voice  was  fine ;  he  had 
earnestness  and  unction,  and  was  a  popular  and 
successful  preacher,  of  pathetic  eloquence.  He 
published  a  sermon  at  Upton,  1796 ;  on  death 
of  Mrs.  Ruggles ;  to  an  education  society ;  a 
masonic  address  at  Uxbridge,  1819;  masonic  at 
Milford,  1820;  masonic  at  Holden,  1825;  on 
baptism,  1823.  —  Sprague's  Annals. 

WOOD,  John,  a  merchant,  died  in  New  York 
in  1850,  aged  60.  He  was  a  patron  of  many  of 
the  philanthropic  institutions  of  the  city. 

WOOD,  Luke,  minister  of  Somers,  Conn., 
died  in  1851,  aged  74. 

WOOD,  Sallys.,  died  at  Kennebunk,  Me., 
Jan.  6, 1855,  aged  95.  She  was,  perhaps,  the  first 
authoress  in  Maine.  Among  the  novels  which 
she  published  were  Dorval,  the  speculator ;  Ferdi- 
nand and  Almira;  Amelia,  or  the  influence  of 
virtue  ;  and  tales  of  the  night. 

WOOD,  Joseph,  judge,  died  at  New  Haven 
Nov.  13,  1850,  aged  77.  He  was  a  graduate  of 
Yale  in  1801.  He  formerly  lived  in  Stamford. 
Present  at  a  weekly  meeting  of  a  few  literary  men 
at  the  house  of  President  Day,  he  spoke  with 
animation  twentj-  minutes,  when  soon  afterwards 
he  fell  and  instantly  expired.  His  death  was 
caused  by  an  ossification  of  the  coronal  artery  of 
the  heart. 

WOODBRIDGE,  Benjamin,  D.  D.,  the  finst 
graduate  of  Harvard  college,  died  Nov.  1,  1084, 
aged  60.  The  son  of  Rev.  John  W.  of  England, 
he  was  born  in  1622,  and  graduated  in  1042.    On 


WOODBRIDGE. 


V'OODDRIDGE. 


881 


hlsroturn  to  England,  he  Ruccccdcd  Pr.TwisR  at  j  of  West  SprinKficld,  wlio  died  in  171«,  nnd 
Newbury,  whcio  he  gnincd  n  IiIkIi  reimlation  as  j  John  of  South  Iladlcy,  wlio  died  Sept.  10,  ITs.'J, 
u  HcholaV,  a  pri'nchor,  a  casnist,  and  a  Christian.  ;  ajii'd  7i>.  'I'iit'  urniidsoii  iif  ihc  lust,  niaVii-.^'  tliu 
After  he  was  ejected  in  \W)'2  hi  continued  to  |  tenth  Jiilni  W.  of  thii  family  iii  the  niiniM-y,  i» 
preach  inivately.    lie  died  at  Infjlefield  in  llerks.  |  J.  Woodlirid^e,  ]).  1).,  of    lladley.  —  J/u//ier*4 


III  »,  !»».■•     I —  , 

]lis  work  on  the  justification  of  sinners,  a  volume 
of  ;i')!l  pafjes,  is  a  well-written,  valuahle  work,  and 
a  rare  hook.     The  writer  of  this  holds  the  only 
coiiv  he  has  ever  lieard  of  in  this  country.     Dr. 
Calaniy  says:   "He    was   a   universally  accom- 
plished person  j  one  of  a  clear  and  strong  reason, 
and  of  an  exact  and  profound  judgment.     His 
learnin'^  was  very  considerable,  and   he  was  a 
charming  preacher,  having  a  most  commanding 
voice  and  air.     His  temper  was  staid  and  cheer- 
ful, and  his  behavior  very  genteel  and  obliging." 
He  published  a  sermon  on  justificatioii  by  faith, 
1653 ;  the   method  of  grace  in  the  justification 
of  sinners,  4to.,  1656 ;   church-members   set  in 
joint,  against  lay  preachers,  1050.     He  also  jjub- 
lished   a  work  written   by  Mr.  Noyes,  entitled, 
Closes  and  Aaron,  or  the  rights  of  Church  and 
State,  containing  two  disputations,  1601. 

WOOUUllIDGE,  John,  first  minister  of  Kil- 
lin"\vorth.  Conn.,  died  in  Wethersfield,  in  1090, 
(iirod  about  46.  He  was  the  son  of  Kev.  John 
^V.  of  Andover,  Mass.  He  graduated  at  Har- 
vard in  1664,  and  was  pastor  at  K.  from  1600  to 
1079,  and  was  succeeded  by  A.  Pierson  in  1084. 
He  was  re-settled  in  Wethersfield  as  the  succes- 
sor of  J.  Howlandson  in  1079,  and  was  succeeded 
bv  Mix,  Lockwood,  Marsh,  Tenney ;  tha  three 
first    ministers    were   H.   Smith,  Kusstsll,  and 

Ijulkley. 

WOODBRIDGE,  John,  first  preacher  of  An- 
dover, Mass.,  died  March  17,  1695,  aged  81.   He 
was  the  son  of  Rev.  John  W.;  was  born  in  Stan- 
ton, Wiltshire,   England,   in    1613;  and,   after 
passing  some  time  at  Oxford,  pursued  his  studies 
in  private.     In  1634  he  came  to  this  country  with 
his  uncle,  Thomas  Parker.     He  was  ordained  as 
pastor  at  Rowley  in  1045  ;  but,  upon  the  invita- 
tion of  his  friends  in  England,  he  returned  to 
them  in  1647.    Being  ejected  in  1062,  he  again 
sought  a  retreat  in  America,  and  became  an  as- 
sistant to  Mr.  Parker  of  Newbury,  and   acted 
with  him   in  his   controversy  with  his  church. 
After  his  dismission  on  account  of  his  views  of 
church   disciijline,  he  was  a  magistrate  of  the 
colony-    His  successors  at  A.  were  Dane,  Bar- 
nard, Symmes,  Loring.    In  the  second  church 
were  Piiillips,  French,  Edwards,  Badger.     His 
wife  was  a  daughter  of  Gov.  T.  Dudley.     His  son, 
Benjamin,  minister  of  Bristol,  and  in   1088  of 
Kittery,  who  died   at  Medford  Jan.  15,  1710, 
wrote  the  ingenious  lines  for  the  tomb  of  Mr. 
Cotton,  found  in  Mather's  Magnalia,  in.  31.   His 
son,  John,  the  mhiister  of  Wethersfield,  died  in 
1690  i  and  his  descendants,  ministers,  were  John 
Ul 


.U'lj/.  II.  219. 

WOODIilUDGK,  Ttr,NJAMiN,thc  first  preacher 
at  Bristol,  R.  I.,  died  at  Medlord  in  1710.  Ho 
was  the  son  of  Rev.  John  W.  After  being  for 
four  years  from  1080  at  Bristol,  he  was  succeeded 
by  Samuel  Lee;  and  in  108S  was  a  preacher  at 
Kittery,  Me.  Btit  it  does  not  appear  that  he  was 
the  settled  minister  in  either  tow'i.  His  wife 
was  Mary,  the  daughter  of  Rev.  John  Ward. 
He  wrote  an  elegy  on  John  Cotton,  which  is  in 
Mather's  magnalia. 

M'OODBRIDGE,  John,  first  minister  of  West 
Springfield,  died  June  10,  17 IH,  nged  40.  The 
son  of  Rev.  John  W.  of  Wethersfield,  ho  gradu- 
ated in  1094,  and  was  ordained  in  1098.  His 
wife  was  a  datighter  of  Rev.  Josejih  Eliot.  His 
son,  John,  was  the  minister  of  South  Hadley; 
another  son,  Benjamin,  was  the  minister  of 
Amity,  jiow  Woodhridge,  in  Connecticut,  and 
died  much  respected  in  1785,  aged  73,  in  the 
forty-fourth  year  of  his  ministry.  Two  sons  set- 
tled in  Slockbridge.  —  Holland's  Hint,  of  West- 
ern Nnss. 

WOODBIUDGE,  Bknjamix,  the  first  misera- 
ble victim  in  Xew  England  to  the  rode  of  honor, 
died  in  Boston,  murdered  in  a  duel,  July  3, 1728, 
aged  19.  He  was  the  son  of  Dudley  W.  His 
grave-stone  is  in  the  Granary  i)urying-ground.  — 
liriih/tiinn's  Pih/rims  of  Boston. 

WOODBRIDGE,  Timothy,  minister  of  Hart- 
ford, Conn.,  died  April  30,  1732,  aged  nearly  80. 
The  son  of  Rev.  John  W.  of  Andover,  he  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1075,  and  was 
ordained  Nov.  18,  1085.     His  predecessors  were 
Hooker,    Stone,    and  Haynes;    his   succcssori, 
Wadsworth,  Dorr,  Strong,  and  Hawes.     He  in- 
I  troduced  into  Connecticut,  in  1096,  the  practice  of 
baptizing  the  children  of  those  who  owned  the 
covenant  without  being  received  into  full  com- 
munion.    He  was  tall  and  of  a  majestic  aspect. 
For  his  useful  labors  and  Christian  zeal  and  ex- 
emplary virtues,  he  was  one  of  the  most  distin- 
guished men  of  his  day.    He  published  an  election 
sermon,   1727.     He  was  no  mean  poet.    To  C. 
Mather,  on  his  magnalia,  he  wrote  : 


•  Onat  your  attempt.    No  do\itit  some  sacred  spy, 
That  lii'gtT  ill  your  wicrt-d  cell  tli<l  lie, 
Nurs'd  your  first  tbouglits  witli  gentle  beams  of  light. 
And  taught  your  h"nd«  tilings  im8t  to  bring  tonight, 
Thus  led  by  secret,  sweetest  iiiliueiice, 
You  uialie  returns  to  Und's  grmd  providence; 
Recording  how  that  mighty  ILiiid  was  ul|;h 
To  tmee  out  paths,  not  known  to  mortal  eye, 
To  those  brave  men  that  to  this  land  came  o'er. 
And  plac'd  them  safe  ou  the  Atlautic  shore,  — 


882 


WOODnRIDGK. 


woonnunv. 


And  Rnvo  tlipm  room  tn  ■prcfi'I.  nn(|  MoitfiM  thotr  root, 
Wbonru,  hungwltb  fruit,  now  nmny  liranchcii  ahoot." 

WOOIJIUIIDGE,  Samukl,  first  minister  of 
East  Ilnrtford,  Conn.,  died  in  174(),  nfftd  03. 
He  had  heen  forty-three  years  minister,  and  was 
Huccccdcd  by  E.  Williams,  lie  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  18U1. 

WOODBllIDGE,  AsiiiiEL,  minister  of  Glas- 
tenbury.  Conn.,  died  in  lliiH,  aged  53.  He  was 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1124.  He  was  a  very 
humble,  excellent,  and  pious  man. 

WOODBllIDGE,  Timothy,  minister  of  Hat- 
field, Mass,,  thirty  years,  died  in  1770,  aged  07. 
He  was  preceded  by  Athcrton,  Chauncy,  and 
Williams  j  and  succeeded  by  Lyman,  Waterbury, 
and  Pratt. 

WOODBRIDGE,  Epiiuaim,  the  minister  of 
New  London,  Conn.,  died  in  1770,  aged  30.  The 
son  of  Ilev.  John  of  Wethcrsfield,  he  graduated 
at  Yale  in  1705.  His  predecessors  were  Blin- 
man,  Bulkley,  Bradstreet,  Saltonstall,  Adams, 
Byles. 

WOODBRIDGE,  John,  minister  of  South 
Hadley,  Mass.,  died  in  1783,  aged  80.  *Born  in 
West  Springfield,  the  son  of  Rev.  John  AV.rJie 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1720.  He  was  first  settled 
as  a  minister  in  Poquonnuck,  a  village  of  Wind- 
sor, in  1729,  and  removed  to  South  Hadley  in 
1742.  He  was  the  ninth  Rev.  John  W.  who 
were  all  related  to  each  other  as  ancestor  and 
descendant. 

WOODBRIDGE,  Benjamin,  the  first  minister 
of  Woodbridge,  Conn.,  died  in  1785,  aged  05  or 
75.  He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1740  ;  he  was  or- 
dained in  1742;  and  in  1783  had  Mr.  Ball  for  a 
colleague.  The  town  was  named  after  him ;  in 
return  for  the  honor  he  presented  to  the  town 
Whitby's  commentary.  The  regicides  Gofie  and 
Whalley  had  a  lodge  in  this  town,  seven  miles 
from  New  Haven. 

WOODBRIDGE,  Enoch,  chief  justice  of  Ver- 
mont, died  at  Vergennes  in  1805. 

WOODBRIDGE,  Rugoles,  colonel,  the  son 
of  Rev.  John  W.,  died  at  South  Hadley  March 
8,  1819,  aged  80.  He  was  a  colonel  in  the  Rev- 
olutionary army,  and  a  physician  ;  no  man  in  the 
town  had  so  great  influence.  For  fifteen  years 
he  was  treasurer  of  the  Hampshire  missionary 
society.  He  gloried  in  the  cross  of  Christ.  — 
Eolland,  II.  274. 

WOODBRIDGE,  Sylvester,  Dr.,  died  at 
Southampton,  Mass.,  in  1824,  aged  70.  He  was 
the  son  of  Rev.  John  W.  of  South  Hadley.  He 
probably  studied  his  profession  with  a  brother, 
who  was  a  physician.  In  consequence  of  a  vote 
of  invitation  from  the  town  he  settled  in  South- 
ampton, where  he  toiled  skilfully  and  faithfully 
during  his  life.  He  ever  delighted  in  reading 
new  books  and  prosecuting  his  medical  studies. 


He  was  rIho  nn  habitual  student  of  the  biblp ;  a 
roristant  attendant  on  jjulilic  worhhip  ;  zealous  in 
theological  discussion.  HIh  gciu'ral  habits  were 
those  of  the  Puritan  stamp.  Of  his  children. 
Rev.  John  Woodl)rid^r,  ]).  1).,  is  the  aged  miii- 
istor  of  Hadley;  Mindwell,  who  died  in  1837, 
was  the  wife  of  Rev.  Vinson  Gould  ;  and  Jlev. 
Sylvester  Woodbridge,  1).  ]).,  is  a  minister  in  the 
city  of  New  Orleans.  —  It.  U.  Edwards'  Cviitn' 
nidi  AddrcKH. 

WOODBRIDGE,  William,  died  in  Franklin, 
Conn.,  Feb.  27,  1830,  aged  80.  He  was  a  grad- 
uate of  Yale  in  1780,  was  a  preacher,  and  was  nn 
honored  teacher  fifty  years.  He  wrote  for  the 
annals  of  education,  published  by  his  son,  W. 
C.  W.,  and  contributed  to  other  papers.  Ho 
wrote  the  dead  bird,  published  by  the  Sabbath 
school  union. 

WOODBRIDGE,  John  E.,  died  in  Youngs- 
town,  Ohio,  Dec.  1,  1844,  aged  07.  His  mother 
was  a  daughter  of  President  Edwards ;  his  father 
was  Jahleel  AV.  of  Stockljridge.  He  was  an  early 
settler  of  Y.,  and  by  his  ainiablencss,  urbanity, 
integrity,  love  of  order,  and  respect  for  religion, 
was,  like  thousands  of  other  excellent  men  of 
like  character,  and  placed  in  like  circumstances, 
a  great  benefactor  of  a  new  and  prosperous 
town. 

WOODBRIDGE,  Benjamin  R.,  second  min- 
ister of  Norwich,  Mass.,  died  at  South  Hadley  in 
1844,  aged  about  00.  Born  in  S.  IL,  he  gradu- 
ated at  Dartmouth  in  1775,  and  was  pastor  from 
1799  to  1831.  S.  Tracy  was  the  first  minister  of 
Norwich,  born  in  Norwich,  Conn. ;  a  graduate  of 
Princeton  in  1770;  settled  from  1781  to  1799; 
died  in  1822,  aged  73.  Mr.  W.  died  suddenly, 
falling  from  his  chair.  On  the  previous  doy  lie 
attended  the  laying  of  the  corner-stone  of  a  new 
meeting-house. 

WOODBRIDGE,  William  C,  died  in  Bos- 
ton Nov.  9,  1845,  aged  50.  After  graduating  at 
Yale  in  1811,  he  studied  theology.  He  became 
a  teacher  in  the  institution  of  Mr.  Oallaudet  for 
the  deaf  and  dumb  at  Hartford.  From  about 
1820  he  spent  .six  or  seven  years  in  Europe,  col- 
lecting materials  for  his  geography.  Alter  his 
return  he  devoted  himself  to  the  improvement 
of  education.  He  published  the  American  an- 
nals of  education;  various  works  on  education 
and  geography.  — N.  Y.  Observer,  Dec.  0,  1840 ; 
Goodrich's  Recollections. 

WOODBURY,  Israel,  Dr.,  died  at  Beverly, 
Mass.,  in  1797,  aged  03  ;  an  eminent  physician! 

WOODBURY,  Benjamin,  died  in  Ohio  Dec. 
29,  1845,  aged  53.  Born  in  New  London,  N.  H., 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1817,  he  taught  an 
academy  five  years  in  New  Jersey  and  New  Or- 
leans, where  he  caught  the  spirit  of  missions  from 
Sylvester  Lamed.  He  was  the  minister  of  Fal- 
mouth, Mass.,  from  1824  to  1833.    In  one  revi- 


WOODBURY. 

val  there  were  five  hundred  cnnvertH.  He  formi'd 
tcmiRTiiiice  societieH  throughout  the  county  of 
Harustiilih'.  In  IH^.j  lie  removed  to  tlie  Miunucc 
valley  in  Ohio,  where  lie  sjit'iit  the  rest  of  life  in 
most  important  labors,  employed  hy  the  honu' 
missionary  Hociety.  He  saw  the  moral  wilder- 
ness blossom.  His  last  words  were:  "The 
Saviour  is  most  precious."  His  predecessors 
ut  I'almoiitb  were  J.  Metcalf,  J.  Marshall,  H. 
I'almer,  Z.  Hutler,  I.  Mann,  H.  Lincoln  ;  his  suc- 
cessors, J.  llent  and  H.  IJ.  Hooker. 

WOODIJUUY,  Lkvi,  jud^^e,  died  at  Ports- 
mouth, N.  H.,  Sept.  4,  18,51,  aged  CI.  Born  in 
Francestown,  the  son  of  Peter  W.,  a  State  sena- 
tor, he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1809.  In  18 IG 
he  was  judge  of  the  superior  court ;  governor  in 
182^  J  senator  in  1825  ;  secretary  of  the  navy  in 
1831;  and  secretary  of  the  treasury  from  1834 
to  1841,  when  he  was  re-elected  to  the  senate. 
In  1845  he  was  apjiointcd,  on  the  death  of  Judge 
Story,  a  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  United 
States.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  re- 
garded a  prominent  candidate  of  the  democratic 
l)arty  for  the  office  of  president.  He  was  distin- 
guished for  indefatigable  industry  and  for  the 
able  and  faithful  discharge  of  his  public  duties. 

WOODFOllD,  Thomas,  was  town-crier,  Hart- 
ford, 1C40,  to  receive  two  pence  for  the  use  of 
his  lungs  at  a  public  meeting.  He  was  also  bell- 
ringer  in  1640,  for  Hartford  then  had  a  bell,  in- 
stead of  a  drum  or  a  conch-shell,  to  summon  to 
meeting.  He  was  also  sexton.  Thomas  Wood- 
ford was  a  citizen  of  Northampton  in  1C62; 
whether  T.  W.  of  Hartford,  or  his  son,  is  not 
known. 

WOODFORD,  WlLLUM,  general,  a  soldier  of 
the  Revolution,  died  in  Virginia  in  1792.  He 
had  the  rank  of  colonel,  when  he  repulsed  an 
attack  made  on  him  by  a  party  of  royalists,  near 
Great  Bridge,  Williamsburg,  Dec.  15, 1776.  He 
was  behind  a  breast  work  j  it  was  "  a  Bunker  Hill 
affair  in  miniature."  He  served  in  New  Jersey 
in  June,  1778,  having  then  the  rank  of  general. 

WOODHOUSE,  James,  M.  D.,  professor  of 
chemistry  in  the  college  of  Philadelphia,  died 
of  the  apoplexy  June  4,  1809,  aged  38.  The 
son  of  a  bookseller,  he  was  born  in  Philadelphia 
Nov.  17,  1770.  In  1791  he  served  as  a  surgeon 
in  the  army  of  St.  Clair.  In  1795  he  was  cho- 
sen professor.  For  his  improvement  in  science 
he  visited  England  and  France  in  1802.  He 
published  an  inaugural  dissertation  on  the  chem- 
ical and  medical  properties  of  the  persimmon 
tree,  and  the  analysis  of  astringent  vegetables, 
1792  ;  the  young  chemist's  pocket  companion, 
1797;  an  answer  to  Dr.  Priestley's  considerations 
on  the  doctrines  of  ])hlogiston  and  the  decompo- 
sition of  water ;  an  edition  of  Chaptal's  chemis- 
try, with  notes,  2  vols.  8vo.,  1807. 

WOODHULL,  John,  D.  D.,  died  at  Free- 


WOODS. 


88.*^ 


1"'1'1-N.  J..in  1821.  u^...du!,ont  SO;  a  v.nrrable 
pasfi.r.     I  If  Kriuliiatcd  at  rriiRiti.n  in  ITCd 
\yO()|)lU  1,I„   (i,;,„,,,,    ...^    ,,   „_    ,,.^.,,    ^^^ 

Mul.lM.nvn  l-..i„t.N.  J„  In.c.  •..,-,,  is;;,.  „.,,,!  ,;„. 
Me  Kraduiited  iit  Princeton  in  179(1,  aiul  was  a 
Irustc'i'  of  thpcollcgo. 

WOOimui.L.  JuiiN.  died  at  Riv.r  Head, 
N.  v.,  March  21,  IH.V,,  a-ed  KM..  Horn  in 
Itrookhavcn,  he  was  f„i-  iilty  ,eai's  a  nicnibir  and 
olliccr  of  the  church. 

WOODM.VX,  J()m:|'ii,  fust  ministir  of  San- 
bornton,  X.  ][.,  Jii.,!  i„  1no7.  a^cd  :,d.  liorn 
in  ^yest^^'cwbul■y,  Mass.,lii>f,'ia(lnalc(!  at  I'lincli- 
ton  ill  17(i(i,  and  was  pastor  from  1771  to  1807; 
and  was  succeeded  by  A.  llodwdl. 

WOODRUFF,  Aaiion  D.,  attorncy-gonernl  of 
New  Jersey,  died  in  Sussex  co.,  in  1817,  aged  55. 
WOODRUFF,  Hi71;kiaii  X.,  minister  o,' 
Stonhigton,  Conn.,  died  in  the  interior  of  Xcw 
York,  in  1833,  aged  about  70.  Horn  in  Far- 
mington.  Conn.,  he  giadiuited  ut  Yale  in  17S4  j 
was  pastoral  Stonington  from  1789  to  1803; 
then  was  a  preacher  at  Oiiiida  in  tliB  State 
of  New  York.  He  published  a  sermon  at  ordina- 
tion of  Clark  Brown ;  of  his  brother,  E.  T. 
Woodruff,  at  North  Coventry,  1801.  —  Sprai/ue'a 
Annals. 

WOODRUFF,  AuciiinAi.i),  cajitain,  died  at 
Cincinnati  in  1845,  aged  72.  Born  in  Elizabeth- 
town,  N.  J.,  he  was  editor  of  a  daily  paper  in 
New  Y'ork,  and  afterwards  engaged  in  navigation, 
lie  removed  to  C.  in  1819. 

WOODS,  Abel,  a  Baptist  minister,  died  at 
Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  11,  1850,  aged  85. 

WOODS,  Leo.naud,  D.  D.,  professor  of  thcol- 
ogy  in  the  theological  seminary  at  Andover,  Mass., 
died  Aug.  24,  1854,  aged  80.  Born  in  Prince- 
ton, Mass.,  June  19,  1774,  the  son  of  Samuel,  ho 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  179G.  After  studying 
theology  a  few  months  with  Dr.  Backus  of  Som- 
ers.  Conn.,  he  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  church 
in  Newbury,  Mass.,  Dec.  5, 1798,  remaining  there 
nine  years.  He  was  installed  professor  of  the- 
ology at  Andover  Sept.  28,  1808,  and  continued 
in  the  office  about  thirty-eight  years  till  1846. 
lie  died  of  an  ossification  of  the  heart.  On  the 
night  before  his  death,  when  a  friend  asked  if  he 
should  pray  with  him,  he  rejilicd,  "  There  is  no 
prayer  that  meets  my  case,  but  that  of  the  publi- 
can, '  God  be  merciful  to  me,  a  sinner.' "  He  had 
instructed  more  than  one  thousand  students  in 
theology.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
American  tract  society  ut  Boston,  in  1814,  and 
assisted  in  preparing  its  early  publications;  he 
promoted  its  union  with  other  societies  in  the  Amer- 
ican tract  society  in  1825.  His  last  years  were 
spent  in  revising  his  lectures  for  publication,  and 
in  writing  a  history  of  the  theological  seminary. 
In  regard  to  the  important  doctrine  of  the  pre- 
existent  Sonship  of  Christ,  the  two  professors  at 


884 


WOODS. 


WOODS. 


Andovpr,   Woods  nml  Stiinrt,   seemed    to   hold 
contradictory   views.      I'rof.    Stuart    miiiiitiiiiud 
that  Christ  is  not  cnlh'd   the  Son  of  CJod,  exccjjt 
in    reference   to  tlie   niiriieulous   nianner  of  his 
earthly  existence,  hut  tiiat  he  is  called  the  Word 
in  reference  to  his  ])re-exislent  nnture;  in  fact,  tliat 
he    is   the  Son  of  CJod  only  as   a  man.     On  the 
other  hand,  I'rof.  Woods  niaiiilains  that  lie  was 
the  Son  of  (iod  from  eternity,  not  indeed  literally 
hut   inetai)horicully ;  not  lieeausc   derived   from 
God,  hut  hecause  of  his  Divine  dignity,  and  he- 
cnuse  he  "  eternally  stood    in  a  personal  rela- 
tion to  the  Father,  which  is  rejiresented  to  us 
under  the  idea  of  the  filial  relation."     "He  called 
himself  the  Son  of  God  in  cuch  a  sense  oh  to 
imply  that  he  was  God, —  one  with  the  Father." 
So  that  the  constant  distinction  in  Scrijiture  be- 
tween tho  Father  and  his  Son  would  seem  to  he 
overlooked  by  this  professor.     Tho  two  ])rofessors, 
although  thus  diflbring,  agreed   in    the   general 
doctrine  that  Christ,  whether  called  Son  or  Word, 
was  eternally  one  of  three  equal  jjcrsons  making 
up  the  one  God.     If,  then,  it  should  he  asked, 
what  were  his  notions  of  the  unity  of  God,  Dr. 
Woods'  reply  is :  "  God  is  one.     All  divine  attri- 
butes and  acts  belong  to  this  one  lieing,  Jeho- 
vah, and  to  him  only."    Yet  he  labors  to  prove 
that  the  existence  of  three  equal  eternal  persons 
in   the   Godhead    is  not   inconsistent  with  this 
unity.    There  are  two  American  hooks  on  which 
he  remarks,  wliich  are  in  opposition  to  his  theory ; 
one  is   the  bible  news   l)y  Dr.  Noah  Worcester, 
and  the  other  by  a  layman,  a  lawyer  of  New 
York,  George  Griffin,  the  father  of  Fdmund  D. 
GrifRn  and  the  brother  of  Rev.  ])r.  Griffin,  who 
maintains  that  Christ  in  his  Divine  nature  as  the 
Son  of  God  was  the  real  sufferer  on  the  cross. 
As  to  the  doctrine  of  antiquity,  in  speaking  of 
Christ  as  "  God  of  God,"  the  meaning  ueems  to 
be,  beyond  all  doubt,  that  the  Son  was  derived 
from  God.     So  the  creed  of  tho  English  Episco- 
pal church  says :  "  I  believe  in  one  Lord  Jesus 
Christ,  the  only  begotten  Son  of  God,  begotten 
of  his  Father  before  all  worlds,  God  of  God,  light 
of  light,  very  God  of  very   God,   begotten  not 
made."    So   the  venerated  Richard   Hooker  of 
the  English  church  says  :  "  The  Father  alone  is 
originally  that  Deity  which   Christ  originally  is 
not  i  for  Christ  is  God  by  being  of  God."    And 
80  the  fathers  in  the  early  ages  of  the  Christian 
;.,hurch  taught  most  clearly  the  derivation  of  the 
Son   of   God.     Thus  Athanasius    says  of   the 
Father :  "  He  only  is  unbegotten  and  he  on.y  is 
the  fountain  of  divinity ;  therefore   he  is  styled 
the  only  God."    So  Hilary  says :  "  He  is  the  one 
God,  because  he    is  self-existent  God."     And 
Eusebius  says,  that  "  God  alone  is  underived  and 
unbegotten,  who  hath    his    divinity  of  himself, 
and  is  the  cause  of  the  Son's  being."    It  is  to  be 
considered  by  the  inquirer  after  truth,  whether 


tho  doctrine  of  three  equal,  eternal,  independent 
persons,  making  u|>  one  God,  is  not  an  Americau 
doctrine,  the  invention  of  our  reasoners,  who, 
taking  for  granted  tliat  Christ  is  the  infinite  (iod, 
felt  constrained  to  deny  ihot  he  could  lie  begotten 
or  derived  from  God,  the  fountain  of  divinitv. 
After  al'.,  every  man  is  hound  to  build  his  faith 
upon  holy  Scriptur(,  irrespective  of  old  or  new 
creeds  ;  and  he  must  judge  whether  or  not  the 
bible  teaches  that  the  Son  of  God  is  a  being  dc- 
rived  from  God.  As  Dr.  W.  believed  that  the 
eternal,  ifinite  Son  could  not  suffer,  the  bearing 
of  this  ilieoretical  view  on  the  doctrine  of  the 
atonement,  the  first  doctrine  of  importance,  is 
the  next  jioint  of  inquiry.  If  it  be  asked,  how 
is  his  doctrine  different  from  that  of  the  Socini- 
ans,  since  they  believe  that  only  the  man  Christ 
could  suffer?  Dr.  Woods  replies:  "  We  believe 
that  all  the  divine  and  human  perfections  which 
the  Scri])tures  ascribe  to  Christ  constitute  hut 
one  person."  "  The  value  of  any  action  or  stif- 
fering  in  Christ  must  be  according  to  the  dignity 
or  excellence  of  his  whole  character,"  as  it  is 
"  attributable  to  his  whole  person."  He  therefore 
regarded  the  sufl'ering  of  Christ  of  as  high  value 
in  making  an  atonement,  "  as  if  it  had  been  the 
suffering  of  the  liivinity."  As  to  all  similar  state- 
ments. Dr.  Noah  Worcester  replied  to  the  sup- 
porters of  them  :  "  This  person  you  call  the  Son 
of  God  endured  no  share  in  the  sufferings  of  thu 
cross ;  tho  man  only  suffered  and  died.  This 
real  sufferer  had  lever  enjoyed  one  moment  of 
pre-existent  dignity  or  glory.  But  in  my 
scheme,"  Dr.  Worcester  continues,  "  the  sufferer 
is  that  glorious  Son,  by  whom  God  created  all 
things  in  heaven  and  earth."  Every  reflecting 
reader  must  feel  impelled  to  study  the  Scriptures 
earnestly,  in  order  to  discover  which  of  these 
doctrines  or  what  other  doctrine  relating  to  the 
atonement  it  has  pleased  God  to  reveal.  The 
authority  of  great  names  can  settle  nothing. 
The  creeds  and  confessions  of  contending  sects, 
churches,  and  councils  can  settle  nothing.  The 
plain  meaning  of  God's  word  is  the  sole  inquiry. 
But  if  the  judgment  of  others  is  to  weigh  with 
the  earnest  theological  inquirer,  he  will  have  to 
consider  whether  the  earlier  fathers  of  the  three 
first  centuries  do  not  teach  the  docfriuo  that 
Christ  was  "  the  son  of  God,  begotten  before  the 
whole  creation,"  yet  capable  of  becoming  and  ac- 
tually becoming  himself  the  sufferer  on  the  cross. 
He  will  have  to  judge  whether  Dr.  Woods' 
scheme,  or  that  which  he  opposes,  is  most  con- 
sistent with  the  great,  all-important  doctrine  of 
atonement  for  sin  by  the  blood  of  him  who  came 
down  from  heaven  for  the  express  purpose  of 
being  himself  a  sacrifice  for  sin. 

WOODS,  John,  died  in  Hamilton,  Ohio,  in 
ISS.*;,  aged  61.  He  was  a  lawyer,  born  in  Penn- 
sylvania ;  a  member  of  congress  from  Ohio  from 


WOODVILLK. 


WOOI.MAV. 


1SJI  to  IN'JHj  thiMi  iho  piJilMirr  of  the  Iliim;!- 
toii  Iiili'lli^'fin'iT.  Ill  IS!.;  lie  wiiN  clioM'M  uudi- 
tor  iif  Ohio. 

WOODVIM.K,  JiiilN,  an   I'.pisropnl  miniMtr, 
(lied  Mt  Si.  Mark's  pari'-li,  \'a.,  in  Is.JI,  »>;"''•  ""• 

WOODWAllI),  Samiki,,  niiiiisicr  of  \Vc>ton, '  town,  of  wlinm  Cliarl 
MnsN- (lii'tl  ill  17N2,  iiKCil  ,",(1.     lit-  wu«  l.oni  nt    foif  lie  went  lo  Worcsi,  r.  «„»  for  vrarsn  i  liv' 
Xcwion,   the  son  of  I'.lii^ni'/cr:  hi'  ^radnalcd  at    slciaii     in    ^Vp|h..r^ti^ld,    Conn.,    and    n    Sla'ti" 
Harvard  in  IT  »S.  and  was  orilaiiiiMl  in  17:.l.     II..    v.nalor.     lit'  wa>   Mipcrlntiiuliiit  of  the   I 


Hr.  Samticl  Woodwar-I.  nn  i-.ninrnf  phvi.irian  in 
<\lin«ixf  pracli.r.  wl,o  di<d  in  1  h;).!!  nK«'d  M, 
mid  who  hid  four  -.um  thai  wi-rc  phywiann;  one 
of  whom.  I'.lijah.  wiiH  hiK  own  n-Koriatr  :  and  two 
oth.-rx.  Henry  niid  Charh'..  Mttl.d  in  MIddh- 
xlill    livcx.     Dr.  W.,  hr. 


hinatio 


and  was  ordaiiii'd  in  \~'i\.  II 
died  hcdovfd  and  lamented.  lie  pnhhslied  a  liospiial  from  Jan.  I,  Ys;i;t,  i,,  .(,,1^  |/ih|((.  |[p 
hcrmoii  at  the  onniialion  of  J.  Wheeler,  ITtiO ;;  immediately  Iran-planted  liimself  t.i  a  lieiiiiliful 
of  John  Marsh,  1771;  nt  I.exiiiKtoii,  I77»!  on  [  residi'iiee  in  the  town  of  thi'  ahode  iiiid  (he  plare 
the  death  of  {'yrus  Woodward,  17SL>.  I  of  the   Inirial  of  his   Hist   aiie.'sior.  Ilenrv.     Ili!« 

WOODWAIM),  lli;ZAI.i:r.I„  first  professor  of  |  wile,  married  in  ISl,").  who  sur\i\es.  wasMnria 
niathenialies  at  Dartmouth  eolle|,'e,  died  Au'.M'.j.  daii-hter  of  I'.len/er  I'orter  of  Hartford.  AmonJ 
IHOl,  a;,'ed  .•/».  He  was  horn  at  l.el.anon,  Conn..  Ids  children  are  liis  daiiKhlers  Crania  and  Maria, 
ill  171.J;  ^M•adnal(•d  at  Ynle  eoljcfre  in  17(;i!and  and  his  min.  Dr.  Kufiis  Woodward,  who.  r.i'ier 
after  lieinj,'  il  jnTacher,  was  appointed  in  17H'J  ,  studying'  his  jirofession  in  Paris,  has  liiin  for 
professor,  in  wliich  cnimcity  he  was  hifjhly  re- '  some  years  in  pracliee  at  Worcester.  Me  imli- 
spected.     His   wife    was   a    daiiijliter  of   Dr.    K.  j  lished   annual  rejmrts  of  the   State   Innatic  asv- 

limi,  nnd  occasionally  an  article  in  the  medical 
journals,  nnd  two  or  three  iinrnjihlets  on  medical 
ami  moral  suhjects. 

M-OODWOKTH,  S.\Mii-,i„  died  in  Xrw  York 
Dec.  !),  1842,  nf;ed  ■J7.  Horn  in  AVev  month, 
Ma.ss..  iilmnt  17S(i.  he  was  an  ajiprenlice  to  the 
Centinel  oflice  of  H.  llussell,  Itoston  ;  afterwards 
a  ]iriiiter  in  New  York,  where  he  died,  a  drunk- 
ard, nn  outcast,  fornaken,  with  scarcely  a  friend 
to  follow  liitn,  the  jioor  slave  of  his  appetite,  to 
his  grave.  Yet  what  he  mi{,'ht  have  done  is 
shown  hy  his  famous  soiif;  of  the  old  oaken 
hucket,  the  chorus  to  which  is  : 

"  Tliu  olil  nakcn  lairkrt. 
The  iron-tiouinl  tmckct, 
The  niiis.'i-cdvcr'il  liurki't, 
That  liuiig  ill  tho  well." 

Alas  I  that  the  writer  himself  shoidd  prefer  to 
drink  from  a  different  spruig.  The  first  stanza 
is  this  : 

"  Ilnw  dear  to  tills  lipnrt  are  the  dcptios  of  my  rhllilliood, 
When  fomi  rccolU'Ction  pn'st-ntH  tht'in  to  view! 
The  orchard,  the  mi'ndow,  the  dcep-tiinKlcd  wild  wood, 
And  every  lov'd  spot  nbich  my  Infancy  knew." 

Tlie  whole  may  he  read  in  tlie  New  Y'ork  Ohser- 
verof  July  lij",  18(52. 

WOOLEY',  Aauon  K.,  judge,  died  at  Lex- 
ington, Ky.,in  1849,  aged  49.  Horn  in  Newark, 
N,  J.,  he  settled  in  Kentucky  in  1828.  nnd  was  a 
judge,  and  for  ten  years  law  professor  in  Tran- 
sylvania university. 

WOOLHOPTER,  Philip  D.,  a  printer,  died 
at  Savannah  in  1818,  He  was  for  twenty  yeari 
one  of  the  editors  of  the  Columbian  Museum. 

WOOLMAN,  John,  a  writer  against  slavery, 
died  in  England  in  1772,  aged  52,  He  was  a 
descendant  of  J,  W.,  a  settler  of  Burlington, 
N,  J.,  in  1680,  and  was  born  in  1720.  He  was  a 
preacher  among  the  Quakers,  and  a  coadjutor  of 


Wheelock.  His  son,  William  H.  W.,  chief  jus- 
tice of  the  court  of  common  ])leas,  died  nt  Han- 
over Aug.  9,  1818,  aged  44.  His  son,  Henry  W., 
was  a  missionary  at  Ceylon, 

WOODWAlil),  David,  colonel,  died  in  Rnn- 
doljih,  Vt.,  in  1823,  aged  97  r  an  otiicer  in  the 
old  French  wnr, 

AVOODWARD,  Samui:i„  Baptist  minister  at 
Brunswick,  died  in  1832,  aged  8li, 

WOODWARD,  Hkxuy,  missionary  at  Cey- 
lon, died  Aug.  3,  1834,  aged  37,  He  was  the 
son  of  Prof,  Beza  W,  of  Hanover,  and  graduated 
at  Dartmouth  in  1815,  at  Princeton  seminary  in 
1818,  He  emtmrked  June  8,  1819,  and  spent 
his  life  at  Ceylon  and  on  the  continent  in  the 
neighborhood.  His  wife,  J-ydia  Middleton  of 
Crosswicks,  N.  J.,  died  in  1825,  His  second  wife 
was  Mrs,  Frost,  Clarissa  Emerson  of  Chester, 
N.  II. 

WOODWARD,  Jonathan,  died  at  Dunsta- 
ble, Mass.,  Dec.  24,  1840,  aged  101  ;  a  Revolu- 
tionary pensioner. 

WOODWARD,  James  "Whkelock,  minister 
of  Norwich,  Vt.,  died  in  1847,  aged  about  70. 
He  was  the  son  of  Prof,  Woodward,  and  gradu- 
ated at  Dartmouth  in  1798,  He  published  a 
sermon  on  the  death  of  Eden  Burroughs,  D,  D,, 
1814, 

WOODWARD,  Thomas  G„  died  in  1849, 
aged  G 1 ;  editor  of  the  New  Haven  Daily  Courier. 
He  had  a  fund  of  native  humor. 

WOODWARD,  S,vMUEL  Bayard,  M.  D,,  a 
distinguished  physician,  died  in  Northampton, 
Mass.,  Jan.  3,  1850,  aged  63,  He  was  for  many 
years  the  acceptable  superintendent  of  the  large 
State  limatic  asylum  at  Worcester.  His  earliest 
known  ancestor  was  Henry  Woodward,  who  came 
to  Dorchester  in  1638,  and  was  an  inhabitant  of 
Northampton  in  1(558,  and  died  April  7,  1685, 
He  was  born  in  Torringford,  Conn,,  the  son  of 


886 


WOOLSEY. 


WORCRSTF.n. 


Anthony  npiiozpt  in  \nx  luliorH  for  tlip  frcodom  of 
till'  liliickN.  Ill'  wiiK  till'  KToniKdu  of  Ilrinx 
Uurr  of  New  Jcritcy,  who  iit  Um  dciith  in  I'll' 
l)i'(|ii('ath('d  hhcrty  to  uU  Ium  nhwcH  ;  Nti|i|)osi-(l  to 
1)0  the  flrnt  inMtunce  of  i'nifinci|)iition.  I'rtiT 
White,  the  Kon-in-Iuw  to  Ilurr,  iiIho  hciitu'iitht'd 
frci'doMi  to  hiH  ohivi-H.  Thfsf  I'Xiitiipk"*  hmi  their 
ilitluence  on  Woolmnn,  who  visited  Murylniid 
nliout  1757  in  order  to  diNeims  the  alf.iir  of  "  kIiivc- 
kcfpinn,"  and  who  wrote  carneNtly  upon  tiiu  Hiili- 
Juct.  On  n  visit  to  I'ji^iaiid  he  died.  He  was  a 
man  of  ^reat  induHtry,  Helf-deiiial,  and  l)enevo- 
Icni'u.  lliM  workn  weru  ])ul)li.shL'd,  177't ;  Ath 
edit,.  I'iiihideiphia.  1818. 

WOOLSI'^Y,  Mi,r.ANcrii()\  Li.oyd,  Ronfral, 
a  Noldier  of  tlic  Itcvoiution,  wax  horn  on  Lonff 
Island  al)out  I7d7.  He  wafi  a  field  olllcer  nt  the 
nge  of  twenty-two,  and  rendered  important  ser- 
vices on  the  northern  frontier.  After  the  war  lie 
resided  at  I'lattsburg.  While  on  a  journey  to 
visit  his  son.  Com.  W.,  at  Sackctt's  'larimr,  ho 
was  taken  sick,  and  died  at  Trenton,  N.  Y.,  June 
20,  18 19,  aged  02. 

WOOLSEY,  Mklanctiion  T.,  a  captain  in 
tho  navy  of  the  United  States,  died  at  Utica  in 
1838,  aged  60 ;  an  officer  much  respected  and 
esteemed. 

WOOL  WORTH,  A.\no.v,  D.  D.,  minister  of 
Bridgehampton,  L.  L,  was  horn  in  Longmondow ; 
graduated  ot  Yale  in  1784)  was  ordoined  in  1787  ; 
and  died  April  2,  1821,  aged  57.  His  wife  was 
a  daughter  of  llev.  Dr.  Uiiell ;  he  left  five  chil- 
dren. He  was  a  distinguished  and  useful  min- 
ister.—.y.  Y.  Observer,  Nov.  20,  1842. 

WOOSAMEQUEX  was  one  of  the  Indian 
names  of  Massassoit. 

WOOSTEIl,  David,  major-general  in  the 
Revolutionory  war,  died  May  2,  1777,  aged  00. 
He  was  born  at  Stratford  in  1711,  and  was  grad- 
uated at  Yale  college  in  1733.  At  the  com- 
mencement of  the  war  with  Great  Britain  he  was 
appointed  to  the  chief  command  of  the  troops  in 
the  se-  vice  of  Connecticut,  and  made  a  brigadier- 
general  in  the  continental  service ;  but  this  com- 
missi'.m  he  afterwards  resigned.  In  1770  he  was 
appointed  the  first  major-general  of  the  militia 
of  im  native  State.  While  opposing  a  detach- 
ment of  British  troops,  whose  olyect  was  to  de- 
stroy the  i)ublic  stores  at  Danbury,  he  was  mor- 
tally wounded  at  lUdgefield  April  27,  1777. 

WOOSTEIl,  Benjamin,  minister  of  Fairfield, 
Vt.,  died  in  1840,  aged  77.  He  graduated  at 
Yale  in  1790  j  was  settled  as  the  minister  of 
Cornwall,  Vt.,  in  1787,  but  was  pastor  only  a  few 
yeors;  in  1804  he  was  installed  at  Fairfield.  He 
commanded  a  comjiany  of  volunteers  about  1813 
at  the  siege  of  Plattsburg,  and  remained  four 
years  in  the  army, 

WO-PEQUAXD,  or  WO-PEQUOIT,  was  the 
name  of  Sassacus'  father,  the  chief  of  the  Indi- 


ans living  at  the  niouih  of  the  Thnmr^  in  Cnii- 
nec'ticut.  I'roin  him  iIhm'  Indiiuis  were  lallid 
I')  qnots  or  l'e(|Ui)dH.  'I'he  riiiini'  i*  given  liy  liie 
Dutch  explorers  of  the  country  aiiout  Kill  as 
I'e(|uatN. 

WOUrESTEH,  WiiiiAM,  thedrnt  niinisiirof 
Salinbury,  MiiHM.,  died  in  KiOL'.  lie  iini(,'nit('d 
with  his  family  from  SaiiKbury,  I''.n);huiil,  jiliout 
l(i.'i7.  The  church  wuH  formed  in  IliiiH.  lie  was 
succeeded  liy  John  WheelHright,  who  was  foU 
lowed  by  J.  Ailing,  Calei)  CuKJiing,  I'..  Noycs. 
His  sons  VUTC  Siimnel,  Williiim,  Tiniolhy,  and 
Moses.  Of  tliese,  S.iniucl  of  Itradt'ord  died  in 
lOHO,  h'uving  a  son,  Francis,  whose  son  wan  Fran- 
cis of  San<iwieh.  —  Fiirwcr. 

WOIICE.STFU,  FuANCis,  minister  of  Sand- 
v<ich,  Mass.,  died  at  Hollis,  N.  H.,  in  1783,  ngcd 
85.  The  son  of  Samuel,  he  wns  Itorn  in  Jlrad- 
ford,  Mass.  Without  a  college  education,  he  lie- 
came  pastor  of  the  second  church  in  Sandwich 
from  1735  to  1745.  He  was  a  zealous  friend  of 
the  great  revival  of  that  period.  Subseiiuently 
he  lived  at  Exeter,  I'laistow,  and  Hollis. 

W()Kri''STi:R,  NoAll,  a  venerable  citizen  of 
Hollis,  N.  II.,  the  son  of  Rev.  Francis  W.,  died 
in  1817,  aged  81.  He  left  a  large  family,  of 
which  four  sons  were  eminent  ministers,  Noah, 
Leonard,  Thomas,  and  Samuel.  —  Farmer. 

WORCESTER,  Samukl,  D.D.,  first  secretary, 
of  the  American  board  of  commissioners  for  for- 
eign missions,  died  June  7,  1821,  aged  50.  He 
was  born  in  Hollis,  N.  IL,  Nov.  1,  1771,  a  de- 
scendant in  the  sixth  generation  of  William  W. 
He  was  graduated  at  Dartmouth  college  in  1795, 
and  ordained  at  Fitchburg,Mas».,Sei)t.  27, 1707. 
April  20,  1803,  he  was  installed  the  pastor  of  tlio 
Tabernacle  Church  in  Salem.  At  the  institution 
of  the  foreign  mission  society  in  1Hl(i,  li^,  ,, 
chosen  recording  secretary,  ond  |,.i»  him  de- 
volved the  chief  care  and  labor  trf  the  society. 
In  1817,  when  Mr.  Cornelius  wa*  Mttled  as  his 
colleague,  he  was  allowed  to  devo>ie  three-quar- 
ters of  his  time  to  tho  missiomary  cause.  In 
1820,  in  a  state  of  feebW  aiahh,  he  visited  the 
missionary  stations  at  the  south.  From  New 
Orleans  he  proceeded  to  Mayhew,  and  thence. 
May  25th,  to  Braincrd,  a  missionary  station 
among  the  Chcrokees,  dearer  to  him  thai,  any 
city  or  mansion  on  the  earth,  where  he  died.  His 
body  rests  in  the  territory  of  the  Cherokcea. 
The  body  of  his  ne])hew,  Samuel  A.  Worcester, 
for  preaching  the  gospel  to  the  same  Indians  in 
disregard  of  the  unconstitutional  laws  of  Geor- 
gia, was  shut  up  among  convicts  in  the  prison- 
house  of  the  Georgians,  and  there  held,  in  defi- 
ance of  the  supreme  court  of  the  U.  S.  Dr.  W. 
was  a  bright  examj)le  of  pastoral  faithfulness 
and  of  habitual,  fervent  piety.  During  his  min- 
istry in  Salem,  two  hundred  eighty-five  were 
added  to  the  church.    He  attended  more  than 


WOIKF.SlKIt. 


eighty   rcrli'!<in«tiral  roiiliciU.     llr  wn.H   litinitilo.    Imry      W'    ,  „, 
licm-Milint,  liiiil  (li»intor"Hti'(l.     Hi-  iliiil  u  jKinr   whool,  he  ..u«  in 
liiil   In- Irft  lii»  I'limit)  «lmt  U  iniirt' \nliin-    iirriiv,     Afifr  lii 


WniiCKSrF.R. 

•I  Ural  i 


m 


i"n  f«i(|it  in  A  rommon 
urls  lift'  «r\iriil  \v.\rt  in  tlio 
nmri  ;  I'lii  lie  i«ii  iii»  i>iiiim>  « iiiu  in  mort'  \iiiui»-  iirriiy.  .MUt  hi-  marring.,  hi  lix.M  frMi.  I  "'I  lo 
hi,,  th.m  riihf«.  — thf  hrn.lit  of  hi,  ''"liix-'itly  ITS'J  in  I'lxniniiih.  N.  |I,,  i„.cl  then  r.Mi..\.,l  tu 
h,)ly  charnctrr  and  of  hin  iii.irii<ti.,nH  lunl  |irn\-  Thornlcn.  «h.rc  lir  wax  ii  farm.r  and  town  il.rk 
,,rs.  Miiltitiidi-H  ill  tliis  woild  of  K.HiHhnr««  toil  and  r.l-o  laiiwlit  •.cliuol.  In  \;s;,  hi>  puMi^-hid  n 
only  for  th.MiiM'lx.'H  i  he  toih.l  inrcHanlU  f..r  th«  |  li'lirr  to  J.  Murray  on  hii  Hcrmon  on  llir  .niKiii 
^ood  of  otlicrH,  and  for  ihf  kingdom  of  Jckuh  ]  of  evil.  Ily  advic..  of  Konir  niiiii.tir»  hr  Mtidicl 
ChriKt.  Hi!  wan  conHpiciiouH  for  u  cool,  KOMiid  ;  ihoolony  for  a  while,  im-l  wnn  ordaimd  ;>!  Thorn- 
jiidK'mrnf!  was  di«tliiKui»hiMl  aM  a  writer  j  and  ton  in  1T.S7.  In  Isjo  lie  rcnioM.l  t,,  Sal  ,l,nrN 
enjoyd  in  a  lii«h  denri'i-  the  coiilidcnce  of  the  N.  I|„  and  theme  in  1n1;|  t„  llriKhl<iii.  Ma.v' 
churihes.  IMh  wiMloin  and  talents  are  seen  in  i  where  he  edited  the  ChriMian  diwiple  till  iNl'i! 
the    tell    HrMt    annual    ri'imrlH  of  the    hoard,  of  !  In  ISl,".  he  i)uhli.slied  ii  Holeinn  rexu'W  of  the  rui.^ 


mIiIcIi  ho  wiw  the  Mccrctary.     Mr.  I'",vartH  wan  liiN 
first  Micct'Hsor  as  herrctnry  j  and  then  for  a  Hhort 
time  Mr.  t'ornoliuH,  lii»  former  tolleii(,'iie  at  Sa- 
lem.    ni'<  wife  waH  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Jonathan 
I'ox  of  HoUis.     Of  hiH  ehildren   are    Jlev.  Dr. 
Samuel  M.  W.  of  Stilem,  and   Jonathan   Fox,  a 
teacher.     Hi'  piihliwhed  Hermons  on  future  pun- 
ishment, IHOO;  two  diHCOurHt'8  on  the  perpetuity 
of  the  I'oveiiaiit  with  Ahralinm,  Hvo.,  iNO.jj  let- 
ters to  T.  llaldwin,  IHD";  on  the  death  of  Elea- 
nor I'^merson,  1808;  of  11.  Anderson,  IHIJ ;  be- 
fore tho   MaK«.  niis.sioiiary  society,  IHOO ;  CJod  a 
rowarder;  nt  the   installation  of   I'',.   ]).   Cirilliii, 
1811;  at  the  ordination  of  E.  L.  I'arker,  1810j 
of  the  missionaries,  Newell,  Judson,  Xott,   Hall, 
and   Uico,    1812;    of  Hi.\  missionaries,    1815;  of 
W.  Cogswell,  18 lo;   fast   sermons   on    the  war, 
1812;  before  the  foreign  mission  society  of  Sa- 
lem, 181.'} ;  three  separate  letters  to  W,  E.  Chan- 
ning,  onUnitarianism,  181.3;  Christian  ])saltr.ody, 
1815  ;  before  the  American  education  society,  on 
true  liberality,  nt  the  first  anniversary,  1810;  the 
drunkard  a  destroyer,  1817;  ten  rejiorts  of  the 
American  foreign  mission  society,  from   1811  to 
1820;    sermons,    Svo.,    1823.  —  Spraffuc's  An- 
tiah;  Memoir  hy  his  son,  S.  M.  W. 

WOJtCESTEU,  Thom.vs,  minister  of  Salis- 
bury, N.  11.,  died  in  1831.  He  was  the  brother 
of  Samuel.  His  brother,  Evarts,  minister  of 
Peacliain,  Vt.,  died  in  183(5,  aged  29,  having 
been  ordained  at  Littleton  the  same  year.  He 
])ublislied  a  sermon  at  thanksgiving,  1795;  on 
death  of  J.  Wardwell,  1811  j  on  our  Saviour's 
divinity,  1810;  on  the  testimony  of  the  Son  of 
God,  1810;  on  the  ])ivine  Sonshij)  of  Christ, 
1810;  the  glory  of  Christ,  1811;  call  for  cvi- 
(U-nce  us  to  Christ's  being  God;  examples  of 
faith  and  worship,  1814 ;  ecclesiastical  usurpa- 
tion, 1815;  chain  of  argument  as  to  trinity, 
1817;  letter  to  trinitariau  brother,  1819. 

WOUCESTEU,  NoAii,  1>.  1).,  died  at  Brigh- 
ton, ^Ia,ss.,  Oct.  31,  1838,  aged  79.  He  was  the 
founder  of  the  Ma.ssachusotts  peace  society.  He 
was  born  at  HoUis,  N.  IL,  Nov.  25,  1758;  was 
the  brother  of  llev.  Sumuel  W.,  great-grandson 
of  Rev.  Francis  AV.,  who  was  the  great-grandson 
of  Rev.  "William  W.,  the  first  minister  of  Salis- 


tom  of  war.    This   led  to  the  formation  of  the 
MaNsachuhcllH  jieaee  soriel\,  orgaiii/ed  in  Jan., 
181(1.     .\i  secretary,  and  as  editor  ,,f  the  friend 
of  peace,h(.  laboicii  till  |,o  reaeli.  d  theag(.  of  70. 
Dr.  ('haniiin„'  publislncl  u  discourse  on  his  eliar- 
aeter,    in   which    he    says,  after  alluding  to  his 
feeldeness    and    stiiri  rings   and    narrow   circum- 
stances yet  contented  and  cheerful,  "On  leaving 
his  house  and  turning  my  fare  townrds  ihi  ciiv,  I 
have  said  to  iiiysell',  Mow  niiich  richer  is  this  poor 
man  than  the  richest  who  dwell  jonder;'"    The 
])eculiar  doctrines  which  he  advanced  in  his  hililo 
news,  published   in    1810,  were   the   following: 
Jesus  Christ,  as  he  believed  he  found  taught  in  the 
Scriptures,  was  truly  the  Son  of  (Jod,  before  the 
creation  of  the  Morld  ;  not  created  himself,  as  the 
Allans  maintain,  but  derived;   divine  in  dignity 
and  various  powers  received  from  (iod,  but  capa- 
ble of  suffering,  if  he  chose  to  sutler;   the  ani- 
mating soul  or  spirit  in  the  body  of  Christ,  for  ho 
tabernacled  in  the  llcsh  and  dieil  in  agony  on  tho 
cross,  and  the  very  being  who   came  down  from 
heaven  was  the  sufferer.      The   holy  (iliost,  or 
Holy  Spirit,  or  Sjiirit  of  God  does  not   mean  a 
person  or  being  distinct  from  (iod,  hut  (Jod's 
agency  or  sacred  inlhience,  bestowed  in  various 
ways  upon  a  world  of  dark-miuded,  perishing  sin- 
ners, by  which  they  are  enlightened,  regenerated, 
and  saved:  the  jihrase  he  finds  thus  employed, 
as  he  thinks,  most  plainly,  more  than  two  hun- 
dred times.     He  published  a  sermon  at  ordina- 
tion of  T.  Worcester,  1791  ;  against  the  Haptist 
theory,  1809;  review  of  testimonies  in  favor  of 
the   divinity  of   the   Son   of  God,  1810;    biblo 
news,  1810;  address  to  Trinitarian  clergy,  1814  j 
appeal  to  the  candid,  1814  :  solemn  review  of  the 
custom  v)f   war,  eighth    edit.,    1825.      He   and 
Thomas  published  a  word  in  season,  1813. 

WORCESTER,  Hknuy  A.,  minister  of  a  New 
Jerusalem  church  in  Portland,  Me.,  died  in  1840, 
aged  38.  He  graduated  at  Yale  in  1828,  and 
was  highly  esteemed.  He  published  a  small  vol- 
ume of  sermons. 

■WORCESTER,  Noah,  M.  D.,  died  ot  Cincin- 
nati in  1847,  aged  30;  a  professor  in  the  West- 
ern Reserve  college,  and  a  ))hysician  in  C.  He 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  1832. 


I 


m 


m 


! 


888 


WORCESTER. 


WORUMBO. 


WORCESTER,  LKONAnn,  first  minister   of 
Peacham,  Vt.,  died  in  1840,  aged  70.     He  wnR  the 
Bon  of  Noah  of  Hollis,  and  was  first  nn  apprentice 
to  I.  Thomas,  printer,  of  Worcester;  then  a  jour- 
neyman ;  then  sole  ])rinter  and  partner  as  a  puh- 
Hshcr  and  bookseller.     lie  was  n  deacon  in  Mr. 
Austin's  chu'.ch,  and  was  brought  into  notice  by 
a  reply  to  a  sermon  of  Dr.  Bancroft  on  the  doc- 
trine of  election.     Studyin}^  theolojjy  while  print- 
ing', he  was  settled  at  Peacham,  and  after  more 
than  fifty  years'  service  had  for  a  short  time  as  a 
colleague,  ]).   Merrill,  the  author  of  the  "Ox 
sermon."    After  the  publication  of  the  bible  news 
by  his  brother  Noah,  he  embraced  his  ])eculiar 
doctrines,  according  to  which  he  modified  and 
published  the  confession  of  his  church.     As  to 
the  Son  of  God,  his  fiiith  was  that  Christ  was,  in 
his  original  nature  and  state,  ])ro])erly  the  Son  of 
God,  derived  from  God,  not  created,  by  an  eter- 
nal generation ;  thus  distinct  from  God,  not  ])n)p- 
erly  God,  but  Divine.      The  Sjiirit  he  regarded 
not  as   a   ])erson    distinct  from  God.      He  de- 
lighted especially  in  the  doctrines  of  atonement 
and  of  justification   by  faith.     Four  of  his  sons 
were  ministers,  —  Samuel  A.,  Evarts,  Isaac  R., 
and  John  II.     He  was  the  brother  of  Samuel 
of  Salem,  and  of  Thomas,  minister  of  Salisbury, 
N.  H.,  who  died  in  1831.     He  jjublished  an  ora- 
tion on  Washington's  death,  1800  ;  at  ordination 
of  Gridley  and  Worcester  as  missionaries,  182*5. 
WORTH,  W.  J.,  general,  died  in  Texas  May 
7,  1849,  aged  55,  a  native  of  Hudson,  N.  Y.     In 
1812  he  entered  the  army,  and  wa.-i  distinguished 
in  battles  in  Canada.     For  some  time  he  was  su- 
perintend°nt  of  West  Point.     He  had  the  chief 
command  in  Florida  in  1821.     He  won  at  Mon- 
terey the  brevet  of  major-general,  and  fought  in 
various   other  battles,  in   some  of  which,  it  is 
tliought,  he  hazarded  the  lives  of  his  men  too 
freely.     But  what  is  the  life  of  his  men  to  a 
great  soldier  ?    He  was  brave  to  a  fault,  chival- 
rous, of  imposing  ])resence,  haughty,  imi)etuous. 
WORTHINGTOX,  Wim.iam,  minister  of  Say- 
brook,  Conn.,  died  Nov.  10,  175(5,  aged  CO.     He 
■was  the  son  of  William  of  Hartford  and  Colches- 
ter, and  grandson  of  Nicholas,  the  emigrant  an- 
cestor of  all  who  bear  the  name  in  this  country, 
who  was  wounded  in  the  Cromwellian  wars,  and 
emigrated  about  1G50,  and  settled  in  Hatfield, 
and  thence  removed  to  Hartford.    A  graduate  of 
Yale  in  1710,  he  was  ordained  at  Pocliog,  or  that 
part  of  S.  which  is  now  called  Westbrook,  in 
1720.     He  was  a  man  of  great  dignity  and  influ- 
ence, a  persuasive  and  ])opular  preacher  and  faith- 
ful pastor.     His  daughter.  Temperance,  married 
llev.  Mr.  Smith  of  Sharon,  and  was  the  mother 
of  Gov.   J.  C.  Smith.     She  died  at  Albany  in 
1800,  at  the  house  of  Judge  Radcliff,  her  son-in- 
law.    Professor  Fowler  of   Amherst  is  his  de- 


scendant. He  published  the  election  sermon, 
1744. 

WORTHINGTOX,  John,  LL.  D.,  colonel,  an 
eminent  lawyer,  died  at  S])ringfield,  Mass.,  in 
April,  1800,  aged  81.  He  was  graduated  at  Yale 
college  in  1740.  In  1774  he  was  a  member  of 
the  legislature  of  Massachusetts,  and  op])osed  the 
measures  of  the  friends  of  liberty.  His  name 
was  in  the  sume  year  included  in  the  list  of  the 
mandamus  councillo—.  but  he  declined  the  a]i- 
pointment.  Mr.  David  Ames  married  his 
daughter.  —  IloUand,  II.  135. 

WORTHINGTON,  Petkk,  an  African,  died  in 
Boltimorc  in  1833,  aged  110. 

WORTHINGTON,  Gkokgk,  Dr.,  died  at 
Georgetown,  D.  C,  in  1830,  aged  77  ;  a  man 
highly  rcs])ectcd. 

WORTHINGTON,  William,  died  at  Cincin- 
nati June  5,  1810,  aged  98:  he  served  the  seven 
years  of  the  Revolutionary  war. 

WORT.MAN,  Tims,  died  at  New  York  in 
1822.  He  published  an  oration  on  the  influer.oc 
of  social  institutions  on  morals  and  hajiijiness, 
1790;  a  treatise  on  the  liberty  of  the  ])rc'ss,  INOO. 

WORU.MBO,  or  Wauklmiskk,  sachem  of  tlie 
Ameriscoggan  Indians,  had  a  fort  on  the  Anieris- 
coggan,  or,  as  it  is  now  called,  Androscoggnn 
river  J  which,  in  his  absence,  was  captured  by 
Church  in  1090.  About  the  9th  or  lOtli  of  Se])t., 
Maj.  Church  sailed  from  Portsmouth  with  three 
hundred  soldiers.  In  a  few  days  he  arrived  at 
Maquoit,  and  proceeded  to  Pejcpscott  fort  in 
Brunswick,  nr.d  thence  marched  u])  the  river 
a'liout  forty  miles,  according  to  Mather,  and  Sun- 
day, Sei)t.  14,  captured  the  Indian  fort,  making 
prisoners  of  one  man  and  the  wives  and  children 
of  Worumbo  and  Hawkins.  The  ])riKoners  were 
afterwards  released  at  Wells,  on  the  appenranco 
of  the  chiefs  with  a  flog  of  truce  and  their  en- 
gagement to  live  in  peace,  with  the  delivery  of 
many  prisoners.  From  Church's  accomit  of  the 
expedition,  it  is  uncertain  whether  the  Indian 
fort  was  at  Lewiston,  Jay,  or  Rumford,  at  each 
of  which  places  are  falls,  at  tlie  distances  of 
twenty,  forty-five,  and  sixty  miles  from  Pejej)- 
scott.  He  says  that  the  Indians  ran  down  from 
the  fort  to  llie  river,  and  ran  in  under  the  sheet 
of  water  at  the  falls.  At  Rumford  upper  fulls, 
—  for  there  are  three  pitches, —  the  water  shoots 
over  in  a  manner  which  would  allow  of  jjassing 
under  it.  The  falls,  three  miles  below  Jay  point, 
called  Rockamecko,  do  not  answer  this  descrip- 
tion, nor  do  those  at  Lewiston.  Yet  the  distance 
of  si.<ty  miles  seems  a  long  march  with  three 
hundred  men  into  the  wilderness.  With  boats 
or  canoes  he  could  not  have  been  sup])lied.  July 
7,  1084,  Warrumbee,  with  five  other  sagamores, 
namely,  Darumkine,  Wihikermett,  Wedon  Dom- 
hcgon,  Nehonongassett,  and  Numbanewett,  (i;ave 


wick  I 

centre, 

ton. 

1703, 1 

miles  ( 

and 

163!) 

as 

the 

J.  Blai 

lying 

coggar 

descrih 

river. 

vious  I 

Heath 

five  ye 

tinctly 

four 

it    see 

Bruns) 

deed. 

have  d 

and  fr( 

territo 


WORUMBO. 


WRIGHT.  889 

a  deed  of  land  to  Richard  Wharton  of  Iloston,]TH  there  not  a  debt  of  justice  due  to  the  few 
which  was  the  foundation  of  the  claim  of  the  Indians  who  yet  remain  in  the  United  States? 
I'ejepscott  proprietors.  The  contract  was  made  j  WR.VCKl,  William,  a  lawyer  of  S.  Carolina, 
at  Pejepscott  or  I'ejepscook,  as  the  Indians  ,  died  in  Sept.,  1777.  Ui<  was  horn  in  1714,  and 
called  the  tails  at  Ih-unswiek,  and  the  territory  was  educated  and  studied  law  in  KiiRJand.  After 
granted  was  to  extend  from  five  miles  above  "the  ^  his  return  to  this  coimti-y  he  was  for  many  years 
upper  partof  the.\ndroscoK),'anupi)crmost  falls"  j  a  member  of  the  assemtdy,  and  in  1753  a  mcm- 
in  a  northeast  line  to  the  Kennebec,  and  four 
miles  westward  of  the  falls,  and  thence  "  down  to 


Maquoit."    The  point  of  lcj;al  controversy  was 
wiiat  was  intended  by  the  "  uppermost  falls"  of 
Androseog^an.    The  court  has  settled,  that  it 
means  Lewiston  f-iils,  twenty  miles  above  Rruns- 
wick  ;  yet,  from  roadiug  Warrumbee's  deed,  the 
first  book  of  records  of  the  Pejejiscott  pro])rie- 
tors.  and  other  papers,  it  seems  clear  that  Bruns- 
wick upper  falls  were  intended.      A  northeast 
lino  from  Lewiston  would  strike  the  Kennebec  at 
Norridgewock  or  Waterville,  and  confer  an  im- 
mense territory,  to  which  these  Indians  had  no 
pretensions,   and   interfere  with   the  Kennebec 
company.     Besides,  the  falls  at  Lewiston  are  the 
middle  falls  of  the  river,  and  those  at  Rumford, 
forty  miles  distant,  are  the  uppermost.    In  one 
place  the  deed  speaks  of  "  the  uppermost  part  of 
Androscoggan  falls,"  as  though  the  falls  extended 
some  distance  in  the  river,  which  is  not  the  case 
with  the  single  fall  at  Lewiston,  but  which  an- 
swers to  the  three  falls  of  Brunswick,  separated 
many  rods  from  each  other.    This  deed  professes 
to  confirm  a  previous  grant  of  land,  with  the 
same  western  boundary,  to  Thomas  Purchase, 
and  his  house  is  described  as  being  near  the  cen- 
tre of  the  territory ;  as  he  lived  between  Bruns- 
wick and  Bath,  his  house  would  be  far  from  the 
centre,  if  the  line  was  four  miles  west  of  I,ewis- 
ton.    The  deposition  of  Peripole,  an  Indian,  in 
17GiJ,  that  the  river  at  Brunswick  and  for  some 
miles  above  was  called  by  the  Indians  Pejepscook, 
and  not  Androscoggan,  is  confuted  by  a  deed  in 
1639  of  T.   Purchase,  whose   land  is  described 
as    lying  "  at   Pejepscott  upon  both  sides   of 
the  river  of  Androscoggan,"  and  by  a  deed  of 
J.  Blaney  in  1683,  whose  lands  are  described  as 
lying  between  •'  the  river  of  Kennebec,  Ambros- 
coggan,  and  Casco  bay."   The  proprietors  in  17 15 
describe  Brunswick    as   on   the   Androscoggan 
river.    Tho.  Johnson's  old  map,  founded  on  jjre- 
vious  surveys  and  on  a  plan  in  1719  made  by  Jos. 
Heath,  a  surveyor  of  the  Pejepscott  company, 
five  years  only  after  their  purchase,  exhibits  dis- 
tinctly by  a  double  line  their  western  boundary, 
four  miles  from  Brunswick  falls.    On  the  whole 
it    seems    evident,    that    Warrumbee  intended 
Brunswick  falls  as  one  of  the  boundaries  in  his 
deed.    But  even  the  poor  remnant  of  his  tribe 
have  disappeared  from  Rocamecko  point  in  Jay 
and  from  Pennicook  in  Rumford,  and  their  whole 
territory  has  fallen  into  the  hands  of  the  whites. 
112 


bcr  of  the  council.     He   dcclinod  in    1769  the 
api)ointnii>iit  of  chief  jut  tiie  for  a  most  honora- 
ble reason,  to  prevent  a  suspicion  that  his  politi- 
cal course  was  influenced  by  the  hope  of  office. 
In  the  Revolution  his  sense  of  duty  restrained 
him  from  espousing  tiie  cause  of  independence. 
Leaving  his  country,  he  embarked  for  England, 
and  was  shipwrecked  on  the  coast  of  Holland, 
and  lost;  his   infant  son  was  saved.     A  monu- 
ment to  his  memory  in  Westminster  abbey  ex- 
hibits the  melancholy  scene  of  his  last  moments. 
He  was  a  man  of  talents,  and  clocpience,  and 
many  virtues.      He  published  reasons  for  not 
concurring    in   the   non-importation   resolution, 
1769. 

WRANOMAN,  John,  died  at  Peru,  N.  J., 
in  1835,  aged  102. 

WRIGHT,  Meiiitabel,  a  distinguished  artist, 
died  in  London  in  Feb.,  1786,  at  an  advanced 
age.  She  early  discovered  a  singular  talent  in  the 
moulding  of  figures  in  wax.  On  the  death  of 
her  husband,  an  aged  Quaker  of  Philadelphia, 
she  repaired  with  her  family  a!)out  the  year  1772 
to  London,  where  she  acquired  great  celebrity 
for  her  plastic  skill.  Her  numerous  busts,  among 
which  were  those  of  the  king  and  queen,  Chat- 
ham, Barre,  and  Wilkes,  and  her  Indian  family, 
and  story  of  queen  Esther,  were  deemed  very 
fine.  Her  society  was  sought  for  her  uncommon 
powers  in  intellect  and  conversation.  Her  pat- 
riotism was  unshaken.  It  is  supposed  that  she 
communicated  to  Dr.  Franklin  much  jiolilical 
information,  derived  from  sources  to  which  few 
could  have  access. 

AVRIGHT,  Job,  second  minister  of  Bernards- 
ton,  Mass.,  died  in  1822,  aged  85.  Born  in  East 
Hampton,  he  graduated  at  Yale  in  1757,  and 
was  pastor  from  1761  to  1782,  when  lie  was  dis- 
missed on  account  of  the  jioverty  of  the  people. 
J.  Norton  was  the  first  minister. 

WRIGHT,  Nathaniel  IL,  a  poet,  was  bom 
in  Concord,  Mass.,  in  1787,  and  educated  as  a 
printer  in  Boston,  where  he  edited  the  Kaleido- 
scope, and  died  May  13,  1824,  aged  37.  He 
published  the  fall  of  Palmyra,  a  poem  j  Boston, 
or  a  touch  at  the  times,  a  small  pamphlet. 

WRIGHT,  l!iA.\c,  died  in  New  York  in  1832. 
He  and  his  son-in-luw,  Francis  Thomjison,  cre- 
ated the  first  establishment  of  the  very  impor- 
tant packet  system  from  New  York  to  Euro])e. 
He  was  a  man  of  probity  and  philanthropy,  a 
member  of  the  society  of  Friends. 


890 


WRIGHT. 


WYLIE. 


WRIGHT,  Henry,  D.  D.,  died  at  Bristol, 
R.  I.,  in  Aug.,  1837,  aged  85;  a  graduate  of 
Harvard  in  1782. 

WRIGHT,  Chester,  minister  of  Montpelier, 
Vt.,  died  April  16,  1840,  aged  C3.  Horn  in  Han- 
over, N.  H.,  he  was  a  farmer ;  at  the  age  of 
twenty-one  a  Christian  convert,  he  resolved  to 
preach ;  and  was  graduated  at  Middlebury  in 
1806,  and  settled  the  first  pastor  of  Montpelier 
from  1809  to  1830.  In  twenty  years  the  church 
increased  from  seventeen  to  more  than  four  hun- 
dred members.  In  1836  he  was  installed  in  Hard- 
wick,  Vt.,  remaining  pastor  till  his  death  at  M. 
He  was  highly  respected  and  remarkably  useful 
as  a  minister.  He  published  an  arithmetic  and 
several  sermons. 

WRIGHT,  James,  colonel,  died  in  Duplin  co., 
N.  C,  in  1840,  aged  84  ;  a  soldier  of  the  Revo- 
lution, a  venerable  citizen. 

WRIGHT,  BENJAJirx,  died  in  New  York  Aug. 
24,  1842,  aged  72.  Born  in  AVethersflekl,  he 
removed  in  early  life  to  Fort  Stunwix.  He  edu- 
cated himself  as  a  surveyor.  A  member  of  the 
canal  board  in  1816,  he  became  a  director  and  a 
chief  constructor  of  the  Erie  canal ;  he  was  after- 
wards consulted  in  regard  to  a  multitude  of  canals 
and  railroads.  No  individual  did  more  for  inter- 
nal improvements.  He  was  also  a  man  of  ac- 
knowledged probity. 

WRIGHT,  JuDAH,  blind  from  infancy,  died 
in  Holden,  Mass.,  in  1844,  aged  70.  He  was  a 
scholar,  a  rcasoner,  a  philoso])her,  and  a  Chris- 
tian. His  knowledge  of  history  was  extensive 
and  exact.  Yet  he  was  poor,  and  lived  by  man- 
ual labor  and  by  charity. 

WRIGHT,  Elizur,  died  in  Tallmadge,  Ohio, 
Dec.  15,  1845,  aged  83.  A  graduate  of  Yale  in 
1781,  he  devoted  himself  to  agriculture.  In  1810 
he  emigrated  to  Ohio  with  a  large  family.  ISIuch 
of  his  time  was  given  to  scientific  studies  :  some 
of  his  mathematical  papers  are  in  the  American 
journal  of  science. 

WRIGHT,  Silas,  governor,  died  at  Canton, 
N.  Y.,  Aug.  27,  1847,  aged  52.  He  was  born  in 
Amherst,  Mass.,  May  24,  1795,  being  a  descend- 
ant of  Samuel  Wright  of  Northampton,  who 
died  in  1665.  In  childhood  he  lived  at  Wey- 
bridge,  Vt.  j  and  was  graduated  at  Middlebury  in 
1815.  He  settled  as  a  lawyer  at  Canton.  His 
various  offices  were  those  of  a  State  senator  j  a 
member  of  congress  in  1826;  comptroller;  a 
senator  of  the  U.  S.  in  1833  and  1837,  and  1843; 
and  governor  in  1844.  He  had  many  friends, 
who  regarded  him  as  a  candidate  for  the  high 
station  of  president  of  the  U.  S.  But  he  was 
suddenly  smitten  down  in  his  strength,  showing 
the  vanity  of  earthly  hopes  and  prospects.  — 
Holland's  Hist.  II.  171. 

WRIGHT,  Royal  N.,  a  home  missionary,  died 
at  Belvidere,  III.,  in  Oct.,  1849.    A  native   of 


Hanover,  N.  H.,  he  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in 
1837  :  he  attended  the  meeting  of  the  American 
board  at  Pittsficld  just  before  his  death. 

AVRIGHT,  Theodore  S.,  pastor  of  the  first 
colored  church  in  New  York  city,  died  March  25, 
1847,  aged  49. 

WRIGHT,  Eunice,  widow  of  Moses  W.  of 
Northai;ij)ton,  Mass.,  died  in  1851,  aged  98. 

WRIGHT,  Fanny  d'Arusmont,  died  at  Cin- 
cinnati Dec.  14,  1852,  aged  57.  If  her  name 
shall  be  remembered,  it  will  be  as  that  of  a 
woman  who  was  an  enemy  of  God's  pure  and 
heavenly  truth.  She  published  fables  and  tracts ; 
also,  lectures  complete,  1836. 

WKIGIIT,  Alfred,  missionary  among  the 
Choctaws,  died  at  Wheelock  March  31,  1853, 
aged  65.  Born  in  Columbia,  Conn.,  he  gradu- 
ated at  Williams  college  in  1812,  at  Andover 
seminary  in  1814;  he  went  on  his  mission  to 
Mayhew  in  1821,  to  Wheelock  in  1832.  His 
wife  was  Harriet  Bunce  of  Charleston,  S.  C.  He 
had  labored  more  than  thirty  years  among  the 
Indians,  and  was  eminently  useful.  It  was  his 
wish  to  finish  the  translation  of  the  bible  on 
which  he  had  long  toiled.  His  industry  was 
incessant,  rising  at  five  o'clock  for  his  work.  His 
end  was  peacel'il,  triumphant.  Since  the  church 
was  found'al ;  '8'"'  five  hundred  seventy-seven 
persons  weru  •      i'l  ■', 

WRIGHT.  5)  .  ..:f.  died  at  Chicago  in  1854, 
aged  67.  Thv  daughter  of  Stephen  Dewey  of 
Sheffield,  Mass.,  she  married,  in  1812,  Jonathan 
Wright,  who  removed  to  Chicago  in  1834,  and 
was  ruling  elder  in  the  first  church  till  his  death 
in  1840.  In  1842  she  united  with  the  second 
church.  Her  life  was  a  life  of  devotion  and  failh, 
of  charity  and  good  works ;  her  end  was  peace, 
amid  the  tears  of  those  who  reverenced  and  loved 
a  woman  of  great  excellence. 

WRIGHT,  John,  one  of  the  first  preachers  of 
the  gospel  in  Ohio,  died  in  Delphi  Aug.  31, 1854, 
aged  78.     He  was  licensed  to  preach  in  1802. 

WYCOFF,  Henry  J.,  an  eminent  merchant 
of  New  Jersey,  died  in  1839,  aged  72  j  a  zealous 
friend  of  benevolent  institutions. 

WYLIE,  ANDREW,  1).  D.,  died  in  Blooming- 
ton,  Ind.,  Nov.  11,  1851,  aged  62.  He  had  been 
president  of  Jefferson  college,  also  of  Washing- 
ton college,  and  for  the  last  twenty-three  years 
president  of  Indiana  State  university  at  Bloom- 
ington.  He  had  done  much  for  good  morals  and 
sound  learning. 

WYLIE,  Samuel  Brown,  D.  D.,  died  at  Phil- 
adelphia Oct.  14,  1852,  aged  80;  for  fifty-three 
years  pastor  of  the  first  Reformed  church.  He 
had  been  professor  of  ancient  languages  in  the 
university  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  eminent  in 
oriental,  classical,  and  general  literature,  a  good 
teacher,  a  learned  theologian,  a  philanthropist, 
and  true  Christian. 


WYLLIS. 

WYLLIS,  Gkorge,  governor  of  Connecticut 
in  1042,  came  from  En^'Umd  to  Hartford  in  103H, 
an<l  died  in  March,  1041.  lie  was  the  son  of 
Iticliard  of  Fenny-Comiiton  in  Warwickshire. 
He  was  eminently  piou.s,  and,  from  regard  to  tlie 
purity  of  divine  worslii)),  left  a  fine  estate  in  the 
county  of  Warwick  and  encountered  the  liard- 
ships  of  the  wilderness.  His  descendants  arc 
distinguished  in  the  civil  history  of  Connecticut. 
His  son,  Samuel,  died  May  30,  1709  ;  thr  ^'..urter 
in  the  time  of  Andros  was  concealed  in  a  hollow 
oak,  standing  until  August,  180G,  called  "char- 
ter oak."  llezekiah,  the  son  of  Samuel,  was  sec- 
retary, and  died  in  1734.  George,  the  son  of 
Hozekiah,  died  April  24,  1796,  aged  83,  being 
annually  chosen  secretary  sixty-one  years  till  his 
death.  Samuel,  the  son  of  George,  died  June  9, 
1823,  aged  85.  He  also  was  secretary  from  179G 
to  1809,  —  the  family  holding  the  office  ninety- 
eight  successive  years.  He  was,  ■  esides,  in  the 
rank  of  colonel,  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution,  and 
major-general  of  the  militia.  Col.  Hezekiah  W. 
died  in  April,  1827,  aged  80. 

WYLLIS,  ni':ZEKiAii,  colonel,  died  at  Hart- 
ford in  1827,  aged  80.  He  graduated  at  Yule  in 
1765.  He  was  the  last  of  the  family  of  George 
W.,  who  died  aged  86,  and  three  of  whose  sons, 
near  1817,  died  aged  80  or  upwards. 

WYLLY,  lliciiARD,  colonel,  an  old  Revolu- 
tionary officer,  died  at  Savannah  in  1801. 

WYLLYS,  S.VMUKL,  general,  a  patriot  of  the 
Revolution,  died  at  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  1823, 
aged  84.  The  son  of  George  W.,  he  was  born 
Jan.  15,  1739;  graduated  at  Yale  college  in 
1758;  and  in  1775  was  appointed  lieutenant-col- 
onel in  Spencer's  regiment.  In  Jan.,  1775,  con- 
gress api)ointed  him  colonel  of  a  regiment  in  the 
Connecticut  line,  in  which  capacity  he  served  dur- 
ing the  war.  He  was  afterwards  major-general 
of  the  militia.  In  May,  1796,  he  succeeded  his 
father  as  the  secretary  of  State,  in  which  office 
he  continued  till  1809,  when  in  consequence  of 
a  jjaralytic  ailection  he  resigned.  For  ninety- 
eight  years  he  and  his  father  and  grandfather 
held  the  office  of  secretary,  and  that  in  a  repub- 
lic where  the  elections  were  annual.  He  was  of 
the  tenth  generation  from  Richard  W.  of  Napton, 
in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII. 

WYMAN,  RUFUS,  M.  D.,  died  in  1842  at  Rox- 
bury,  aged  64.  A  graduate  of  Harvard  in  1799, 
he  was  long  superintendent  of  the  M'Leau  asy- 
lum for  the  insane  in  Somerville. 

WYMAN,  RoBUHT,  missionary  at  Ceylon,  died 
at  sea  Jan.  13,  1845,  aged  30.  Born  in  Cumber- 
land, Me.,  he  graduated  at  Bowdoin  college  in 
1830,  and,  after  studying  theology,  embarked  for 
Ceylon  in  Oct.,  1841.  He  was  a  teacher  in  Bat- 
ticotta  seminary.  Ill  health  compelled  him  to 
undertake  a  voyage  to  the  United  States,  Dec.  27, 


WYTHE. 


801 

His  widow 


1844.     He  was  buried  in  the  deep, 
arrived  at  Boston  May  4. 

AVYM.W,  Thomas  W.,  a  captain  in  the  I'.  S. 
navy,  died  in  I'lorence.  Italy,  in  l(S54,aKid  about 
04.  lU'  entered  the  navy"  in  ISIO;  was  madp 
captain  in  1.S42  ;  was  f\'.itli!'ul  in  the  dihcharge  of 
his  duties  and  was  highly  esteemed. 

WYXKOOl',  I'KTiai  S.,  died  in  Hudson  Nov. 
1.  184.S,  aged  02;  ])astor  at  Blooming  Grove. 
He  was  first  settled  at  Madison,  then  at  Hyde 
Park ;  and  was  a  faithful  minister.  —  xV.  Y.  Ob- 
serrer,  Nov.  18. 

WYNNE,  J.  11.,  published  a  general  history 
of  the  British  empire  in  America,  two  vols.  8vo., 
1770. 

WYTHE,  George,  chancellor  of  Virginia,  and 
a  distinguished  friend  of  his  country,  died  Juno 
8,  1800,  aged  80.     He  was  born  in  the  county 
of  Elizabeth  city  in  1725.    His  father  was  a  re- 
spectable farmer,  and  his  mother  was  a  woman 
of  uncommon  knowledge  and  strength  of  mind. 
She  taught  the  Latin  language,  with  which  she 
was  intimately  acquainted,  and  which  she  spoke 
fluently,  to  her  son ;    but  his  education  was  in 
other  res])ect8  very  much  neglected.     His  parents 
having  died  before  ho  attained  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  years,  like  many  unthinking  youths  he  com- 
i  menced  a  career  of  dissipation  and  intemperance, 
and  did  not  disengage  himself  from  it  before  he 
reached   the  age  of  thirty.      He  then  bitterly 
lamented  the  loss  of  those  nine  years  of  his  life, 
and  of  the  learning  which,  during  that  period, 
he  might  have  acquired.     But  never  did  any  man 
more  effectually  redeem  his  time.      From  the 
moment  when  he  resolved   on  reformation,  he 
devoted  himself  most  intensely  to  his  studies. 
Without  the  assistance  of  any  instructor  he  ac- 
quired an  accurate  knowledge  of  the  Greek,  and 
he  read  the  best  authors  in  that  as  well  as  in  the 
Latin   language.     He  made  himself  also  a  pro- 
found lawyer,  becoming  perfectly  versed  in  the 
civil  and  common  law,  and  in  the  statutes  of 
Great    Britain    and  Virginia.      The  wild    and 
thoughtless   youth  was  now  converted    into   a 
sedate  and  prudent  man,  delighting  entirely  in 
literary  pursuits.      When  the  time  arrived  which 
Heaven  had  destined  for  the  separation  of  the 
wide,  confederated  republic  of  America  from  the 
dominion  of  Great  Britain,  he  was  one  of  the 
instruinents  in  the  hand  of  Providence  for  accom- 
plishing that  great  work.     He  took  a  decided 
l)art  in  the  very  first  movements  of  opposition. 
Not  content  merely  to  fall  in  with  the  wishes  of 
his  fellow-citizens,  he  assisted  in  persuading  them 
not  to  submit  to  British  tyranny.    AVith  his  pupil 
and  friend,  Thomas   Jefferson,  he  roused  the 
people  to  resistance.     As  the  controversy  grew 
warm,  his   zeal   became  proportionably  fervent. 
Before   the  war  commenced,  he  was  elected  a 


8d2 


WYTHE. 


YALE. 


member  of  the  Virginifi  assembly.  After  having 
been  for  some  time  sjieaker  of  the  house  of  Imr- 
gesses,  be  was  sent  by  the  memt)ers  of  that  body 
as  one  of  tlicir  deloffatcs  to  the  cnnj^ress,  which 
assembled  May  IH,  1775,  and  did  not  separate 
until  it  bad  declared  the  indej)endcncc  of  America. 
In  that  most  enlif^htened  and  ])atriotic  assembly 
he  possessed  no  small  share  of  influence.  He 
was  one  of  those  who  siffned  the  memorable 
declaration,  by  which  the  heroic  legislators  of  this 
country  ])led<!;ed  "  their  lives,  their  fortunes,  and 
their  sacred  honor  "  to  maintain  and  defend  its 
violated  rif^hts.  By  a  resolution  of  the  general 
assembly  of  Virginia,  dated  Nov.  5,  1776,  he  and 
Jelferson,  Pendleton,  Mason,  and  T.  L.  Lee  were 
appointed  a  committee  to  revise  the  laws  of  the 
commonwealth.  This  was  a  work  of  very  great 
labor  and  difficulty.  The  three  first  prosecuted 
their  task  with  indefatigable  activity  and  zeal, 
and,  June  18, 1779,  made  a  report  of  one  hundred 
and  twcnty-si.'c  bills,  which  they  had  prejjared. 
This  report  showed  an  intimate  knowledge  of 
the  great  principles  of  legislation,  and  reflected 
the  highest  honor  upon  those  who  formed  if. 
The  people  of  Virginia  are  indebted  to  it  for 
almost  all  the  best  parts  of  their  present  code  of 
laws.  Among  the  changes  then  made  in  the 
monarchical  system  of  jurispridei  oe  which  had 
been  in  force,  the  most  important  were  eftected 
by  the  act  abolishing  the  right  of  primogeniture, 
and  directing  the  real  estate  of  persons  dyhig 
intestate  to  be  equally  divided  among  their 
children,  or  other  relations  ;  by  the  act  for  regu- 
lating conveyances,  which  converted  all  estates  in 
tail  into  fees  simple,  and  thus  destroyed  one  of 
the  supports  of  the  proud  and  overbearing  dis- 
tinctions of  particular  families ;  and  finally  by  the 
act  for  the  establishment  of  religious  freedom. 

After  finishing  the  task  of  new  modelling  the 
laws,  he  was  employed  to  carry  them  into  effect 
according  to  their  true  intent  p.nd  spirit, by  being 
placed  in  the  difficult  office  of  judge  of  a  court 
of  equity.  He  was  appointed  one  of  the  three 
judges  of  the  high  court  of  chancery,  and  after- 
wards sole  chancellor  of  Virginia,  in  which  sta- 
tion he  continued  until  the  day  of  his  death, 
during  n  period  of  more  than  twenty  years.  His 
extraordinary  disinterestedness  and  patriotism 
were  now  most  conspicuously  displayed.  Al- 
though the  salary  allowed  him  by  the  common- 
wealth was  extremely  scanty,  yet  he  contentedly 
lived  uj)on  it,  even  in  the  expensive  city  of  Rich- 
mond, and  devoted  his  whole  time  to  the  service 
of  his  country.  Wi'h  that  contempt  of  wealth 
which  so  remarkably  distinguished  him  from 
other  men,  he  made  a  present  of  one  half  of  his 
land  in  Elizabeth  city  to  his  nephew,  and  the  pur- 
chase money  of  the  remainder,  which  he  sold, 
was  not  paid  him  for  many  years.    While  he 


resided  in  Williamsburgh  he  accepted  the  profes- 
sorship of  law  in  the  college  of  William  and 
Mary,  but  resigned  it  when  his  duties  as  a  chan- 
cellor required  his  removal  to  Kicbmond.  His 
resources  were  therefore  small ;  yet  with  his  lib- 
eral  and  charitable  disposition  he  continued,  by 
means  of  that  little,  to  do  much  good,  and  always 
to  jireservc  his  independence.  This  he  accom- 
plished by  temperance  and  economy. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Virginia  convention, 
which  in  June,  1788,  consl  lered  the  proposed 
constitution  of  the  United  States.  During  the 
debates  he  acted  for  the  most  part  as  chairman. 
Being  convinced  that  the  confederation  was 
defective  in  the  energy  necessary  to  preserve 
the  union  and  liberty  of  America,  this  venerable 
patriot,  then  beginning  to  bow  under  the  weight 
of  years,  rose  in  the  convention,  and  exerted  his 
voice,  almost  too  feeble  to  be  heard,  in  contending 
for  a  system,  on  the  acceptance  of  which  he  con- 
ceived the  hapjiiness  of  his  country  to  depend. 
He  was  ever  attached  to  the  constitution,  on 
account  of  the  principles  of  freedom  and  justice 
which  it  contained ;  and  in  every  change  of  affairs 
he  was  steady  in  supporting  the  rights  of  man. 
His  political  opinions  were  always  firmly  republi- 
can. Though  in  1798  and  1799  he  was  opposed 
to  the  measures  which  were  adopted  in  the 
administration  of  President  Adams,  and  repro- 
bated the  alien  and  sedition  lows,  and  the  raising 
of  the  army;  yet  he  never  yielded  a  moment  to 
the  rancor  of  party  spirit,  nor  permitted  the  dif- 
ference of  opinion  to  interfere  with  his  private 
friendships.  He  presided  twice  successively  in 
the  college  of  electors  in  Virginia,  and  twice  voted 
for  a  president  whose  political  principles  coin- 
cided with  his  own.  After  a  short  but  very 
excruciating  sickness  he  died.  It  was  supposed 
that  he  was  poisoned  ;  but  the  person  suspected 
was  acquitted  by  a  jury  of  his  countrymen.  By 
his  last  will  and  testament  he  bequeathed  his  val- 
uable library  and  philosophical  apparatus  to  his 
friend,  Mr.  Jefferson,  and  distributed  the  remain- 
der of  his  little  projjcrty  among  the  grandchil- 
dren of  his  sister,  and  the  slaves  whom  he  had 
set  free. 

YAIjE,  Elihu,  the  principal  benefactor  of  Yale 
college,  died  in  Wales  July  8,  1721,  aged  73. 
He  was  born  at  Now  Haven  in  1648,  and  at  the 
age  of  ten  years  went  to  England,  and  about 
the  year  1678  to  the  East  Indies,  where  he 
acquired  a  large  estate,  was  made  governor  of 
fort  St.  George,  and  married  an  Indian  lady  of 
fortune.  After  his  return  to  London  he  was  cho- 
sen governor  of  the  East  India  company,  and 
made  those  donations  to  the  college  in  his  native 
town,  which  induced  the  trustees  to  bestow  on  it 
the  name  of  Yale. 

YALE,  Le  Roy  Milton,  M.  D.,  died  at  Holmes' 


YALE. 

Hole  in  Tisbury,  Martha's  Vineyard,  in  1849.    lie 
received    liis  medical   degree  from  Harvard  in 

1HL>9. 

YAIiE,  Ei.lsiiA,  D.  D.,  minister  of  Kingsboro', 
N.  v.,  died  Jan.  9,  1853,  aged  72.  He  was  born 
in  Lee.  He  had  been  nearly  fifty  years  in  K., 
settled  over  a  very  industrious  peojile,  cliietly  em- 
i)love<l  in  tlie  manufacture  of  gloves  ;  hence  the 
name  of  a  new  village,  Gloversville.  He  trained 
tliem  to  regular  and  remarkable  beneficence.  He 
was  a  most  faithful  and  excellent  minister. 

YALE,  Cyuus,  minister  of  New  Hartford, 
Conn.,  died  in  1854,  aged  65.  Born  in  Lee,  Mass. 
he  graduated  at  Williams  college  in  J  811;  was 
ord.iined  in  1814;  dismissed  in  1834,  and  became 
the  minister  of  Ware  for  three  years,  and  was 
then  re-settled  in  New  Hartford  till  his  death  by 
paralysis.  He  was  zealous  in  the  cause  of  tem- 
perance and  jieace.  As  the  fruits  of  four  revi- 
vals, three  hundred  and  thirty  persons  jomed  his 
church.  He  wrote  a  memoir  of  Itev.  J.  Hallock, 
1828.  He  also  published  a  sermon  at  ihe  ordi- 
nation of  H.  Goodwin ;  on  the  death  of  S.  E. 
Hawley ;  at  the  funeral  of  a  child ;  before  the 
Adelphic  society ;  on  erecting  a  meeting-house ; 
on  a  living  faith ;  at  thanksgiving ;  life  of  A. 
Hyde;  to  consociation,  1849;  sketches  of  minis- 
ters of  Litchfield  county,  1852.  —  Sprague's 
Annuls. 

YALES,  William,  Dr.,  died  at  Morris,  Ot- 
sego CO.,  N.  Y.,  April  7, 1857,  aged  90.  He  was 
a  native  of  England,  and  was  the  first  who  intro- 
duced vaccination  in  the  United  States. 

YAXCEY.Mahy,  Mrs.,  died  in  Louisa  county, 
Va.,  in  1840,  aged  100;  leaving  a  numerous, 
respectable  offspring. 

YANCEY,  lloBERT  Y.,  an  editor,  died  in  Mem- 
phis, Tonn.,  in  1852,  aged  46.  He  jmblished  the 
Reporter  at  Somerville,  and  at  ^I.  the  Eagle  and 
Enquirer,  and  then  the  Southerner. 

YAllUOW,  Thomas,  Dr.,  died  at  Sharpetown, 
N.  J.,  in  1811 ;  an  aged  physician  and  much 
respected  citizen. 

Y.Vl'ES,  llouEUT,  chief  justice  of  New  York, 
died  Se])t.  9,  1801,  aged  63.  He  was  born  at 
Schenectady  in  Jan.,  1738,  and  became  eminent 
as  a  lawyer  in  Albany.  In  1770  and  1777  he  was 
chairman  of  the  committee  for  military  operations. 
Under  the  constitution  of  the  State,  which  he 
assisted  in  framing  in  1777,  he  was  appointed  a 
judge  of  the  supreme  court.  He  was  chief  jus- 
tice   from  1790  till  1798.     Of  the  convention 


YOL'NG. 


893 


YATES,  Antiuew,  D.  D..  died  in  1844.  He 
graduated  at  Yale  in  1791,  and  was  professor  of 
logic  and  ethics  at  Schenectady  from  1814  to 
1825. 

YE.VTES,  Jaspf.r,  judge,  a  patriot  of  the 
Revolution,  died  March  14,  1817.  He  was  a 
member  of  Lancaster  county  committee  of  cor- 
respondence, I'cnn.,  in  1774,  and  of  the  conven- 
tion which  ratified  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States  in  1788.  He  was  a  judge  of  the  supreme 
court  of  Pennsylvania  from  1791  till  his  death  at 
Lancaster.  He  was  a  man  of  sound  judgment 
and  great  industry  and  faithfulness  in  his  office. 
He  published  reports  of  cases  in  the  supreme 
court  of  Pennsylvania,  1817. 

YORK,  IsA.\C,  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  died 
in  Standish,  Me.,  in  1840,  aged  89;  the  oldest 
inhabitant  born  in  S. 

YOUNG,  Henry,  general,  died  in  King  and 
Queen's  county,  Va.,  in  1817,  aged  75.  He  was 
a  Revolutionary  officer. 

YOUNG,  Da.mel,  minister  of  a  German  re- 
formed church  in  Augusta,  Ga.,  died  in  1831. 
He  was  also  a  professor  in  York  seminary. 

YOUNG,  Samuel,  Dr.,  died  in  Hogerstown, 
Md.,  in  1838,  aged  99;  a  man  much  respected. 
YOUNG,  John,  governor  of  New  York,  died 
at  New  York  in  April,  1852,  aged  50;  assistant 
treasurer  of  the  United  States  at  New  York.  He 
was  a  member  of  congress  in  1841-3  and  gov- 
ernor in  1847-9. 

YOUNG,  Samuel,  died  in  nallston,N.  Y.,  in 
1850,   aged  71;  a  man  of  political   distinction, 
having  sustained  many  offices  in  the  State  of 
New  York.     He  was  born  in  Lenox,  Mass.    For 
a  long  period  he  was  either  a  representetive  or 
senator  in   the  State  legislature.    One  of  the 
board  of  einal  commissioners  in  1817,  he  con- 
tinued till  the  completion  of  the  Erie  canal.    He 
was  also  of  the  board  of  regents  of  the  univer- 
sity.    He  was  a  man  of  a  simple  taste,  honest, 
fearless,  indomitable,  of  high  talents.    After  the 
age  of  sixty  he  studied  several  modern  languages. 
He  loved  his  books,  his  garden,  and  the  society 
of  the  young. 

YOU'NG,  Ale-VAXDEr,  D.  D.,  died  in  Boston 
March  16,  1854,  aged  53.  He  was  the  soii  of 
Alexander  Young,  a  printer,  and  born  in  Bos- 
ton; he  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1820;  was 
settled  over  the  sixth  chur,;h  in  Boston  as  the 
successor  of  Dr.  Greenwood,  Jan.  19,  1825.  He 
published  a  sermon  on  sins  of  the  tongue,  1 829  j 
which  formed  the  federal  constitution  he  was  a  |  and  several  works  of  great  value  to  all  readers, 


member.  For  his  many  virtues  he  was  esteemed, 
and  respected  as  an  upright,  learned  judge,  and 
an  accomplisiied  scholar. 

YATES,  Joseph  C,  governor  of  New  York, 
died  at  Schenectady  March  19,  1837.  He  was  a 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  New  York,  and 
governor  from  1822  to  1825. 


who  are  making  inquiry  concerning  the  early 
history  of  New  England,  namely,  chronicles  of 
the  Pilgrim  fathers  of  the  colony  of  Plymouth  j 
also  chronicles  of  the  first  planters  of  Massa- 
chusetts. 

YOUNG,   Henderson,  judge   of  the    sixth 
judicial  circuit  of  Kentucky,  died  in  1854. 


894 


YOUNOMAN. 


ZEISBERGER. 


YOUNOMAN,  John  George,  a  Moravian 
misHioimry,  was  firHt  employed  among  the  Mo- 
lie^rnnK  ill  Connecticut,  and  afterwards  among 
the  Delawores  on  the  Siisquehannoh,  and  in  the 
western  country.  He  died  at  Bethlehem  in  July, 
1808,  aged  87. 

YOUXGS,  Joil.N,  the  first  minister  in  South- 
hold,  L.  I.,  had  been  a  miniHter  in  Hingliam, 
England,  but  came  to  this  country  with  a  part 
of  liis  church  in  1G40,  and  in  Oct.  commenced 
the  settlement  of  S.  He  died  in  1C72,  oged  73. 
His  son,  John,  colonel  and  sheriff' of  the  county, 
died  in  1688,  aged  about  04.  His  brother,  Ben- 
jamin, and  others  of  the  name  were  judges  of  the 
common  plea 

YOUXGS,  Samuel,  a  soldier  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, died  at  Irving,  N.  Y.,  in  1839,  aged  79. 
After  the  war  he  studied  law,  and  was  surrogate, 
and  was  much  respected. 

YUM.MANUM,  a  Pequot  Indian,  the  last  sa- 
chem of  the  tribe  at  Nihautic  in  Lyme,  Conn., 
died  about  1740. 

ZABRISKIE,  John,  a  minister,  died  at  Mill- 
stone, N.  J.,  in  1850,  aged  72. 

ZEISBERGER,  David,  a  Moravian  mission- 
ary among  the  Indians  of  North  America,  died 
in  1808,  aged  87.  He  was  a  native  of  Moravia, 
in  Germany,  whence  his  parents  emigrated  to 
Herrnhut  in  Upper  Lusalia,  for  the  snke  of  reli- 
gious liberty.  He  was  born  in  1721.  In  1738 
he  came  to  Georgia,  where  some  of  his  brethren 
had  begun  a  settlement,  that  they  might  i)reach 
the  gospel  to  the  Creeks.  Thence  he  removed 
to  Pennsylvania,  and  assisted  in  the  commence- 
ment of  the  settlements  of  Bethlehem  and  Naza- 
reth. From  1746  he  was  for  sixty-two  years  a 
missionary  among  the  Indians.  Perhaps  no  man 
ever  preached  the  gospel  so  long  among  them, 
and  amidst  so  many  trials  and  hardships.  He 
was  one  of  the  oldest  white  settlers  in  the  State 
of  Ohio.  In  the  last  forty  years  of  his  life  he 
only  paid  two  visits  to  his  friends  in  the  Atlantic 
States.  His  last  journey  to  Bethlehem  was  in 
1781.  lie  died  at  Goshen,  on  the  river  Muskin- 
gum, in  Ohio.  He  was  a  man  of  small  stature, 
with  a  cheerful  countenance,  of  a  cool,  intrepid 
spirit,  with  a  good  understanding  and  sound 
judgment.  His  portrait  is  prefi.\ed  to  Hecke- 
welder's  narrative.  Amidst  ail  his  privations 
and  dangers  he  was  never  known  to  comi)lain, 
nor  ever  regretted  that  he  had  engaged  in  the 
cause  of  the  Redeemer.  He  would  never  con- 
sent to  receive  a  salary,  although  he  deemed  it 
proper  for  some  missionaries.  He  trusted  in  his 
Lord  for  the  necessaries  of  life,  and  he  looked 
to  the  future  world  for  his  reward.  Free  from 
selfishness,  a  spirit  of  universal  love  filled  his 
bosom.  A  more  perfect  character  has  seldom 
been  exhibited  on  the  earth. 


I  It  is  a  melancholy  fact,  that  he  suffered  more 
!  from  white  men,  called  Christians,  by  reason  of 
!  their  seHishiicds,  and  de]irnvity,  and  hostilitv  to 
the  gospel,  than  from  the  Indians.  In  174.'»,  on 
his  journey  towards  the  five  nations,  he  was  ar- 
rested at  All)any  with  Mr.  Post,  and  ofter  much 
abuse,  imprisoned  seven  weeks  in  the  city  of  New 
York.  At  last  he  was  declared  innocent  of  any 
treasonaiile  views,  and  was  liberated.  At  one 
time  a  jilot  was  laid  by  one  Girty,  an  English 
agent,  or  trader  at  Sandusky,  to  procure  his 
seal]),  and  nearly  succeeded. 

In  March,  1782,  between  ninety  and  one  hun- 
dred of  tlie  Christian  Indians  at  Giiadenhutten, 
on  tlie  Muskingum,  were  massacred  by  a  party 
of  whites  from  the  settlements  on  the  Ohio.  The 
immediate  cause  of  this  massacre  was  the  mur- 
der of  a  woman  and  child  by  some  Sandusky 
warriors,  in  which,  however,  it  is  incredible  that 
the  whites  could  have  thought  the  Christian  In- 
dians were  implicated.  The  jiarty  found  the  In- 
dians at  work  in  a  corn-field,  and  hailed  them  as 
friends,  and  offered  to  protect  them  from  their 
enemies,  and  even  called  them  good  Christians. 
When  they  were  secured,  it  wos  told  them  that 
they  must  die.  Begging  for  a  short  delay,  that 
they  might  prepare  for  death,  they  fell  on  their 
knees  and  prayed  to  their  God  and  Saviour,  and 
sang  his  praises,  and  then  kissed  each  other  with 
a  flood  of  tears  mingled  with  lofty  Christian 
hope.  Some  of  the  party  remonstrated  against 
what  was  proposed  but  it  being  in  vain,  / 
withdrew  to  a  distance,  wringing  their  '  .,,s, 
saying  they  were  innocent  of  the  lilood  which 
was  to  be  shed.  Then  one  of  the  white  monsters 
began  the  work  of  death.  Seizing  a  cooper's 
mallet,  he  knocked  in  the  head  fourteen  luire- 
sisting  victims  one  after  another,  and  then  handed 
the  instrument  to  a  brother  monster,  saying,  "  I 
think  I  have  done  pretty  well!"  More  than 
ninety  men,  women,  and  children,  were  killed 
and  scalped,  when  the  murderers,  having  set  fire 
to  the  houses,  and  scalped  their  victims,  went  off 
shouting  and  yelling.  Such  a  foul  and  horrible 
deed  cannot  be  found  in  the  page  of  history. 
The  object  was  the  plunder  of  eighty  horses,  of 
furs,  and  other  property  of  these  peaceable  In- 
dians. Of  these  victims,  sixty-two  were  grown 
l)ersons,  one-third  of  whom  were  women ;  thirty- 
four  were  children.  Two  of  them  had  been 
members  of  David  Brainerd's  church  in  New 
Jersey.  The  leader  of  this  horrible  party  had 
the  name  of  Williamson.  Two  months  after- 
wards he  attacked  the  warrior  Indians  at  San- 
dusky, and  was  defeated.  Col.  Crawford  was 
taken  prisoner,  and  the  savages,  in  retaliation, 
tied  him  to  a  stake  and  jjut  him  to  death  by 
various  tortures;  under  which  lie  was  tauntingly 
asked,  how  lie  felt,  and  whether  they  did  as  well 


ZENGER. 


ZINZENDORF. 


895 


to  him  ns  he  hnd  done  to  the  believing  IndianH?  ]  manner  acquitted.    Tlus  pr    ,  drnt  Imd  its  «(i.-I,t 


They  added,  "  We  have  to  learn  barbarities  of 
you  white  pcojile ! " 

Had  the  back  settlers  of  our  country  partici- 
pated in  the  benevolent  spirit  of  the  Moravians, 
the  benefit  to  the  Indians  would  have  been  incal- 
culable. Amidst  nil  obstacles,  the  brethren,  in 
the  days  of  Mr.  Zeisberger,  instructed  and  ijaj)- 
tized  about  fifteen  hundred  of  the  Indians.  The 
calm  death  of  those  who  were  murdered  at  Mus- 
kingum is  a  delightful  proof  of  the  influence  of 
the  gospel  on  men  concerning  whom  (  is  some- 
times said  they  cannot  be  made  CliPNt    tis. 

In  the  evening  of  his  days,  as  the  fat  nlties  of 
Mr.  Z.  began  to  fail  him,  his  desire  to  dejj.irt  and 
to  be  with  Christ  continually  increased.  Yet  he  was 
patient  and  resigned.  His  last  words  were :  "  Lord 
Jesus,  I  pray  thee  come,  and  take  my  spirit  to 
thyself.  Thou  hast  never  yet  forsaken  me  in  my 
trials;  thou  wilt  not  forsuke  me  now." 

He  made  himself  acquainted  with  two  lan- 
guages, the  Onondaga  and  the  Delaware.  About 
1768  he  wrote  two  grammars  of  the  Onondaga, 
in  English  and  German,  and  a  dictionary,  Ger- 
man and  Indian,  of  more  thin  seventeen  hundred 
pages.  In  the  Lenape,  or  language  of  the  iJel- 
awares,  he  published  a  spelling-book,  first  in 
1776,  and  ar;  enlarge']  edition  in  I8OO ;  also  ser- 
mons to  children,  and  an  hymn-book  of  three 
hundred  and  sixty  pages,  containing  upwards  of 
five  hundred  hymns,  translated  partly  from  Ger 
man  and  partly  from  English.  He  left  in  manu- 
script a  grammar  in  German  of  the  Delaware 
language,  which  has  been  translated  by  Mr.  Du 
Ponceau ;  uko  a  harmony  of  the  four  gospels, 
translated  into  Delaware.  It  is  believed  that  the 
last  has  been  published  by  the  female  missionary 
society  of  Bethlehem.  —  Amer.  Reg.  v.;  Heck- 
ewehler's  Narrative. 

ZENGER,  John   Peteu,  a  printer  in  New 
York,  died  in  1746.    He  came  from   Germany, 
and  established  a  press  in    1726.    In  17!J3  he 
established  the  Weekly  Journal.    In  consequence 
of  some  strictures  in  that  paper  on  Gov.  Crosby 
and  the  council  he  was  imprisoned  by  a  warrant 
from  the  governor  and  council  in  Dec,  1734,  and 
kept  in  close  confinement  thirty-five  weeks.    An- 
drew Hamilton,  an  eminent  lawyer  of  Philadel- 
phia, though  aged  and  infirm,  repaired  to  New 
York  to  defend  him  nt  his  trial.     Prosecuted  for 
publishing  a  false  libel  on  the  governor,  Mr.  H. 
admitted  the  publication,  but  insisted  that  the 
publication  was  not  false.    The  court  would  not 
allow  the  witnesses  of  the  truth  to  be  examined  ; 
would  not  allow  the  jury  to  judge  of  the  law  as 
well  as  of  the  fact;  yet  the  jury,  notwithstanding 
the  direction  of  the  bench,  brought  in  a  verdict 
of  not  guilty.    Afterward  in  England  Mr.  Owen, 
prosecuted  by  desire  of  the  commons,  was  in  like 


m  tlie  triiils  rclaCng  to  l..r  wriiings  of  Jimius. 
It  IS  to  .\merica  and  to  .Viulrcw  Hamilton  that 
the  iinnciple  m;iy  W  traced,  tiiat  the  jury  iii-ve  n 
right  to  examine  the  truth  of  the  alleged  liliel 
and  the  motives  of  the  writer.  The  common 
council  of  New  Yoik  piesented  Mr.  H.  llie  free- 
dom of  their  coriiorction  ilia  g.ild  box.  Zenger's 
widow,  C'liheriiie,  and  his  son,  John,  coiuimied 
his  paper  aftir  his  death.  A  narration  of  his 
trial  was  publisiied  at  lioston  ;  also  at  London, 
with  the  trial  of  William  Owen,  8vo.,  17(ij.  _! 
Ihilmen,  II.  n  ;    Tlinmu.i,  II.  0.5. 

ZErilAMAH,  an  iged  Indliin  at  Marshpee, 
in  Iiarnstal)le,  Mass.,  died  in  17f)7,  n-ed  !)i).  He 
wns  the  son  of  ropmuniiuck,  who  -.vas  chief  of  the 
tribe  in  1(1  IS. 

ZIMMKUMAN,  SAMrK.i,,  -.vas  killed  on  the 
railroad  near  Hamilton,  Ui)i,er  Canada,  March 
1'2,  IHj",  as  the  cars  ran  otf  the  track  and  ijroke 
down  the  bridge  over  a  canal.  More  than  sev- 
enty persons  were  killed.  I!orn  in  I'ennsj  Ivaiiia, 
he  went  a  poor  boy  to  Canada,  where  as  a  rail- 
road contractor  he  amassed  a  fortune.  He  lived 
in  a  sjilendid  style  near  the  Cliiton  hou.se,  Niag- 
ara.    He  was  married  before  liis  death. 

ZINZENDOllF,  Nicii()i.,\.s  Loiis,  count,  the 
founder  of  the  sect  of  the   Moravians,  died   at 
Herrnhut  May  9,  1760,  aged  CO.     He  was  born 
at  Dresden  in  May,  1700.     He  studie;!  at  Halle 
and  Utrecht.     About  the  year  1721  he  purchased 
the  lordshi])  of  Bertholdsdorf  in  Lusatia.    Some 
poor  Christians,  the  followers  of  John  Hush,  ob- 
tained   leave   in    1722   to  settle  on  his  eslate. 
They  socn  made  converts.     Such  was  the  origin 
of  the  village  of  Herrnhut.     From   this  period 
Count  Z.  devoted  himself  to  the  business  of  in- 
structing his  fellow-men  by  his  writings  and  by 
jjreaching.     He  travelled  through  Germany,  and 
in  Denmark  became  acquainted  with  tlie  Danish 
mission    in    the   East    Indies    and    Cireciiland. 
About  1732  he  engaged  earnestly  in  the  jiromo- 
tion  of  missions  by  his  Moravian  brellueii,  whose 
numbers  at  Herrnhut  were  then  about  five  hun- 
dred.    So  successful  w  ere  these  missions,  that  in 
a  few  years  four  thousand  negroes  were  baptized 
in  the  West  Indies,  and  the  converts  in  Green- 
land amounted   to  seven  hundred   and  eighty- 
four.     In  1737  he  visited  London,  and  in  1741 
came  to  America,  and  preached  at  Germantown 
and  Bethlehem.     Feb.  11,  1742,  ho  ordained  at 
Oly,    in   Pennsylvania,  the   missiDiiarics  llauch 
and  Buettner,  and  Uauch  baptized  three  Indians 
from  Shekomeeo,  east  of  the  Hudson,  the  "  first- 
lings of  the  Indians."    He  soon,  with  his  daugh- 
ter, Renigna,  and  several  brethren  and  sisters, 
visited  various  tribes  of  Indians.    At  Shekomeeo 
he  established  the  fi'^t  Indian  Moravian  congre- 
gation in  North  America.    In  1743  he  returned 


M 


896 


ZUBLY. 


ZUDLY. 


to  Europe.  At  hin  burial,  hiti  cofRn  wan  carried 
to  the  grave  by  thirty-two  ])rencherB  and  mis- 
Binnaries  whom  he  had  reared,  and  Home  of  whom 
had  toiled  in  Holland,  England,  Ireland,  North 
America,  and  Greenland.  What  monarch  was 
ever  honored  by  a  funeral  like  this  ?  The  sect 
eRtablished  by  Z.  boastN  not  of  great  orators  and 
learned  theologians  ;  indeed,  it  boasts  of  nothing  ; 
but  no  sect  has  been  more  deeply  imbued  with 
the  meek  and  benevolent  spirit  of  the  gospel,  or 
manifested  more  of  a  noble  missionary  zeal. 

ZUHLY,  John  Joachim,  D.  D.,  first  minister 
of  the  Presbyterian  church  in  Savannah,  died  in 
July,  1781.  He  came  from  St.  Gall  in  Swit- 
zerland, and  took  the  charge  of  this  church  in 
1760.  He  preached  to  an  English  and  German 
congregation,  and  sometimes  also  he  preached  in 


French.  He  was  a  member  of  the  provincial 
congress  in  1770,  but,  as  he  differed  in  opinion 
from  his  fellow-citizens  with  respect  to  the  inde- 
pendence of  the  United  States,  he  incurred  their 
displeasure,  aud  his  subsequent  days  were  embit- 
tered. He  was  a  man  of  great  learning,  of  a 
vigorous  and  penetrating  mind,  and  of  a  heart 
moulded  into  the  Christian  spirit.  He  published 
a  sermon  on  the  value  of  that  fnith  without  which 
it  is  impossible  to  ])leaNe  God,  1772;  a  sermon 
on  the  death  of  J.  Osgood  of  Midway,  1773; 
the  law  of  liberty,  a  sermon  on  American  affr.irs, 
at  the  opening  of  the  provincial  congress  of 
Georgia,  with  an  appendix  giving  an  account  of 
the  struggle  of  Switzerland  to  recover  liberty, 
1775.  —  Georgia  Analyt.  liepos.  i.  49  j  Qordon, 
n.  75. 


\  \ 


1  i\  ])  E  X  . 


c  L  A  s  s  I F 1  ].:  I)  A  ^•  I)  s  !•:  r.  !■:  c  t 


Artlsti.  I 

Vuga  ' 

AlMon,  WuKliliiKton VU 

Hiililwln,  Liiiiiiiiil j}7 

Hfck.  diorp' ''i 

IHnli,  'I'lKiiiwN ly 

llnnmcri',  .Ir.liii  II 144 

lliilllncli,  ("linrlcs I'l'.i 

Clii'iiuv.  i^itli lil>* 

Cliirk.'.lDlm 2211 

t'll>V('ll(((T,  S.  h.  Vul 'I'M 

('ill.',  'riiimmn 24!) 

('„|ilov.,lolin^ 2i;2 

Diiiil.ip.  William Jllit 

K.irli',  .limitM 'JIS 

J-iirlf,  lliilpli 31H 

Kv.ini',  Oliver a  14 

Fnlniiiiii,  (il  li'Oii SIT 


VngK  I 


Pi>W 


(  nhh,  RyWunuii  II 242  1  StMom.  .lolin "  tm 

<•'"•  •'""Htliiin 24ii  St.iui;l.t.m,  Wlllhim  ...'.'..".'"."."  rm 

niipcr,  .11.  in ifid    Sivii.tziT.  Thimi.ii  W '  "  773 

',"'?""'  ,■■■'""" -"-    Tli.,iui,.i,n,  IliMiJainln iio 

lixt.T,  Niintii.l IM,,    Tlii.in|,«,n,  Al.r.  (I too 

I  Ixnn,  AlrxriniliT Dill    Thii.n|...,ii.  T|..)lii.i«  V ] ' 71)1 

I)i..l^'i..  liivl.l  I :)ii.-,    ■ilKinulikr.  lurid Till 

!>"«■"'•  '  I""""-" ;i>iT  ,  Tnuri.,  .Iii.lnli ri^] 

I)wl«lit.  Kilniniiil :)17  1  Towiiscncl,  tiiimuol '7(111 

lnvlclit.  l/MiU  ;ilH  :  TriMilttvll,  John  |) ', ,    .    "  '71,), 

Klinl.  Sainu(4 ;«»  ;  Truivl.ri.liti',  Henry.. .                       "t'ii) 

y:n\'-tt,  winiiim wi\  wuiiio,  imnko ; s'n 


Kvurt<.  ilirinilali 345 

Kaiii'ull,  IVtiT 317 

(iiillKiMi't.  Tlionias  II 372 

(llriiril,  Sti'|)lii'ii am 

(iiil.Umii,  Tlioiima  W '.i'^ft 


F.iiriiinii,  DuvUl 317  |  tli.i..li'll,  S..'.iiim:i 3*1 

Kulliii.  Itii'K'rt 3ri!»  I  llniliiim.  Anitn.itiiH 3:13 

HiniiH'k,  Tlii.inim 411 

II  irviinl.  .lulin 41H 


(Iranpnir,  (lottUeb lilij 

(Jn'cii.  .loliii il'')*'! 

(iri'.'Miui^'li,  Ilor.itio 3:iS 

lIiivllLinl,  Joliii 420 

1Iitk1«,  UniHilil 420 

Il»M.i-(«>k,  Al.iiih 43S 

Iliilvoko,  .<iiiiiuol 441 

liiniiui,  lli'i.ry 4i'3 

.Ti'nkin.i,  .lulm 47.5 

,lnliii!.i)n,  ilohn 481  j 

Ki'iriii'V,  Kr.iiiilfl 48!) 

Kriniinul,  John  L 6  K) 

Ijiw.  Aniircw 507 

liiiiidum,  Aiitru.iti f)3!l 

!M.illii>ne,  Kilwanl  » M!> 

H.iliortMiii.  Ali'XiinJcr 'OH 

Siirti.  Sli,-nor 722 

Siiviinc  K  Iwnril 722 

Smllterl.  John 73K 

Sti'wanl.  Jo-i'pli 7.W 

.'^tllilrt.  (illlievl 7'iS 

'J'ninil.nll.  John HOI 

Vaiiilcrhn,  .lolin 807 

AVi'iliiinlliT.  A.  U 810 

Vi'r-t.  lii'i  jiniiii 812 

Wright,  Mohltiibi'I bSU 

Benefaotors  &  Philanthropists. 

Ahl.ot,  fSainUul 1 

All'i.nl.  .lolin 10 

Appli'toii,  Samii(4 40 

ll.irinUtor,  Williiun  It 5!) 

nartlitl,  William 08 

Ik'iK'/j't.  Anthony 83 

llrCmiii',  Divic 8S 

KK-^.OI.  Joslih 02 

r...u.liii.)t.  Kilas lo;; 

lt..UKht.iii,  p.Mijamin 107 

])0\l.<tl.ll,  .Ni.'llniil.i ll."> 

]|iiyl»ton.  Wiiril  Niihuliw 115 

llrowii    Nirholiis 145 

llr.uviK  Mo-i's 151 

lliiiwi.,  Nicholas 151 

llnrr.  .'  lopli 1^' 

r.iitlor.  (.'vrns 178 

(M.l«vll,'Kti:is  li 183 

(■'i.in.lliT.  4Vt.'i- 208 

CiiniiillM-.  Aoicl 208 

Olaik.  KluiR'Zi  r  22!) 


Ili'iiry,  AlcxaniliT 428 

Ilolilrn,  Samuel 43S 

Holllrt,  Thomas 4.'il) 

Iloinci',  (li'orau  Joy 441 

II.iiii'.  I'hllip 442 

Unpkiiii',  Asa 448 

Horry,  Kllu.s 441) 

Jiiv,  Ann 471 

Kiiiihall,  Daniul • 403 

l,!i.lJ.  Wllliuin noi 

[.luvrenri',  William 508 

TjiwriMici',  Amos 5*18 

liiiwri'iiic,  Aliliott 508 

Ijiy,  Ik'i.jamiu 5ii9 

Iak',  Knimls niil  |  Aiithnrp.  Kasi 

Lowrv,  Jami's r>3i) 

M.ulim-,  William 543 

Marks,  7/ichai-lah 548 

Mi'Donnj;h,  John 500 

M.-liilosli,  Dunonn 5118 

M.'I,piin,  Joseph 570 

MnviT,  Jfssi. 574 

Miller,  Jonathan  1' 578 

Morris,  J II. lah 583 

Mnrriy,  Jo.<ep!i 5U!) 

Mnrrav,  John fiOl 

Mu.^.sey,  11.  B 002 

NeviiiB,  linssell  U Oii4 

Xorris,  John 010 

Olvpliant,  Davia i;23    llell.iiiv,  Jo-eph 

I'lirish,  II KH    Ilene.lii't,  .loi I 


Walilo,  Ellziilwth 814 

Wal.lo,  Sarah 814 

Wall.ut,  ThonioK 810 

*Velil,  U"vl» sas 

Wiley,  John, Hf,7 

Wlllliiiii;!.  Kphnitm 802 

Yale,  Kliliil (JW 

ZliizeuUorf,  N.  h 805 

Divines. 

Aliliot,  Al.lel 1 

Abeel,  John  N a 

Aljererninltle.  Janiefi 2 

Alexander,  Aa-hlbald 16 

Allen,  John 1() 

Allen,  Tliomna 1(5 

Allen,  James 17 

Allen,  Thomiia 21 

Allison,  Franeis 28 

Appleton,  Nathaniel 38 

Appleton,  Je,- sc 3U 


40 

AriustTOiiK.  William  J 42 

.Vslinry,  Franeis 4(1 

Austin,  Samuel 61) 

Ilaekus,  Isaac 51 

I'.ackns,  Charles 52 

Ilaikus,  Azel 52 

Italflwln,  Tlionias 57 

Ilanmr.l,  .lolin CT 

ILinies,  D.ivi.l 65 

llu.seoin.  II    It 70 

Itass,  Kdward '71 

Hates,  Joshun 71 

llixter.  Cleorgo  A 72 

Ilearh,  ,lohn 74 

80 

82 

Perkins,  James (.52    llentlev,  William  84 

l'erkln>,  AllVed  E 0.52    Ilerkelev,  Georgo Rfl 

I'eiklris,  Thoma.s  II (',51    Illair,  .lames 94 


I'liel|H.  Aii.Min  I! a-,7 

IMlillips,  John Ilfi!) 

riilllips,  William (K!) 

IMuniii..'r.  Caroline 008 

I'omero\ .  .(onattian  Ij 070 

Preseott,  .\ai-on 070 

Ue.lwood.  Ahraham (iOll 


Illair,  Samuel !)4 

Illair.  John 05 

I'lateliford.  Samuel 07 

llou;ar.Uis,  Everardiis liit| 

llcistttiik,  David 105 

lloyd,  William 112 

llnulstreet.  Simon. , 125 


Itee.l,  William 008    Itmttlc,  William 132 


Olurk 


Enoch  W 229  i  Smith,  Olive 

2 


Kevnol.ls,  Mini  jail TllO 

Itlehardson,  William 702 

KoOl.ins.  Thomas 700 

Hussell.  Th.imua 717 

Sfl:irs,  .losliua 720 

Scyliert,  Adam 731 

Shoppard.  Moses 731 


.745 


Ititizer,  John 13.'t 

lln'wster,  WiOlam I'M 

Hi-oek,  John 13!) 

Ilro.lliea.l.  .la.'i.li 110 

Ilr.iwn,  Fraii.ls 148 

lluekininster,  Joseph ir.6 

Iliiell.  Samnel 1.57 

Bulst,  George 159 

(807) 


806 


INDEX. 


PnfCo 

lliilklcv    IVtor Ifili 

flulliir.l.  Art.'iiiioi Ml 

Burr,  Jrimilliaii IHT 

Iliirr,  Annul ItiU 

lltirtuii.  Am ,', ,   17>l 

Bylc'i,  Mather Kli 

CiiMwi'll.  D.ivlil 1*1 

<'itiii|ilii'll.  Aliixiiriilor IhI) 

CiiiMT,  lli'rirv IXU 

(*iiiiiinn,  .IfiiiK'fi  H. . IHl) 

(!iirr»ll,  .liiliii l!);i 

C'lixiix,  II.  I.iui 2(ll 

('liiinillcr.  'I'liiMii.m  U atlX 

«!lmMMln)f.  \Vim;iiii  B 'ilfl 

(,'liH|ilii,  C.ilvlri 210 

oiiiipiin,  D.iiiiiO am 

Cliii|illii.  .Iircmiiih aio 

Chilli',  IMilhinilcr 'l\\i 

t'hiciiiiry,  ChiirlM 213 

('haiinry,  rhiirh'H 1!15 

C'llliIlTUK,  L.  Ill' Ulit 

(Miip,  Nuthiiiild '£iH 

Oliip,  TlioiniM 2'Jil 

Oliirk,  I'l'tiT !C;8 

("larko,  ,lohn a.'!l 

t'liiy,  ,low|)h '£ti 

Cluiivi'tnncf,  ,Jolin 'Z'M 

Cnhlictt,  Thciinnn 212 

C'oilmnn,  .Inhn '24D 

ColBii,  Oliurlfn 24r> 

CoffHTcll,  .Innifn 24,5 

Cd^NWi'll,  WilUiiiii 24r. 

Ooko,  ThnniiiH 24U 

Coliiiiiii,  Ilriijiimin 2&) 

('iMio,  Hiioncnr  11 iTiH 

t'iinwell,  Henry ZTA 

Cxiiwr,  Wlllliim 251) 

Cooper,  Hnmuel 2ii(l 

Cooper,  Myle» 2ni 

Cornullus,  EIIah 2l>3 

Cotton,  John 2115 

Croswcll,  HllUani 27.3 

Ounilngx,  Henry 2T4 

CuniniiiiKK,  Awi 274 

Cutler,  Timothy 277 

DaBRett,  Naplitnll 278 

Dana,  ,Iuiiich 2S0 

Danfiirth,  ,*inniel 283 

Davenport,  ,Iohu 2)^5 

Davies,  .Samuel 28S 

Duvin.  Henry 21i2 

De  Witt.  John 300 

DlokiiiBon,  Jonathan STil 

Dicklnao.n,  Auntln 303 

Dow,  Lorenzo 30*1 

Dow,  Daniel 800 

Duchc,  Jacob 809 

Duffluia,  Oeoi-Ko 311 

Dunstcr,  Henry 813 

DwiKht,  Tlmothv 315 

DwlKht,  Sereno  E 817 

Eckley,  Joseph 321 

Edwards,  Timothy 322 

Edwardii,  JonathuD 322 

EdwardH,  Jonathan 326 

Edwards,  Mor|i:an 328 

Edwards,  .lustln 829 

Edwards,  Bcla  B 829 

EUot,  John 830 

Kllot,  Andrew 3;i3 

Kllot,  John aw 

Emerson,  William 838 

Emerson,  Joseph 339 

Emmons,  Nathaniel 839 

England,  John 842 

Bwing.  John 346 

Fonwiok.  Benedict 350 

Finlvy,  Samuel 351 

Finley,  Robert 352 

Fisher,  Jonathan 353 

Fisk,  Wilbur 354 

Fiske,  Nathan 354 

Flske,  John 855 

Fiske,  Thaddcua 355 

Fitch,  James 855 

Fitch,  Ebenezer 856 

Flinn,  Andrew 857 

Flint,  Henry ^ ...  .357 

Flint,  Abol 367 

Flint,  James 357 

Forbes,  Eli 359 

Foster,  Benjamin 3(50 

Foster,  John 360 

Foxeroft,  Thomas 362 

Freeman,  Jomca 360 


PaiTfl 

I  Frellnnhuysen,  'flwodore  J )1»)7 

Knriili.  J'limthaii .1'I7 

Kri'V.  J'l'iph !>IH 

KrUbl...  U-vi iltiH 

I'Mrinaii,  IMi-hard 370 

fliiil«din,  Cbrl'tnpher 371 

(Irinllii.  r.  J..hii(<.  John 374 

(liy.  KU-Mc«'r 370 

IlllU.rt.  Kliphalet  W 3-«i 

(llle,  .Sininel 3S0 

<lill..(,  Kliphalet   IJSO 

(Imnlrli'h,  Klixur 3Mil 

(Jmy,  Tlininiu^ 394 

<IriH)ii,  HiiimieT itMi 

',  lim.ii.  A»lil.il Slill 

I  (iiiH.iiwmid.  I  riinds  W.  1' 3'.f.l 

(Irllliii,  Klivar.l  11 4ol 

I  (lri»«iiM.  Alexander  V 402 

HalliK'k,  Muses 407 

llarileiiliergh,  .Ian .bus 413 

Iliirris.  Sjiinnel 411 

I  Harris,  Wllllnm 415 

Harris.  Thaildeus 415 

Hart,  l*vl 417 

Haven,  Samuel 419 

Haviies.  1.4'nniel 423 

Hrddli.K,  Klijah ii» 

lleininenwav,  Mmes 424 

llenrv,  T.  Cliaillnn 42H 

HiK^insoii,  Francis 4*10 

lllu'uin.^nn,  John 4.11 

Hill.  Willi  iin 41v< 

Illlllard,  Timothy 4i)3 

llltil|i<H-k.  (lad 4!15 

llltelicoek.  Eiins l.Ti 

Hoar,  Leonard , 435 

Holmrt.  Xoah 4.36 

Hobart,  John  Henry 4.')7 

Hoge.  Moses 438 

llulley,  Hnnre 4.39 

HolliiiKshead,  William 439 

Holmes,  Ablel 440 

llolyoke.  Kilward 440 

Homer,  Jiiiuithau 441 

Homes,  William 441 

Hooke,  William 442 

Hooker,  Thomas 442 

Hooker,  John 444 

Hooker,  Asalicl 44-1 

lloo|)er,  William 444 

Hopkins,  .Samuel 4't5 

Hopkins,  Daniel 447 

Howard.  Simeon 450 

Howe,  Nathaniel 451 

Hubbard,  William 452 

Huntington,  Joseph 456 

Huntington,  Joshua 458 

Ilydo,  Alvan 462 

Inglls,  Charles 463 

luglis,  James 463 

Jackson,  William 468 

James,  Tlioniiis 468 

Jarvis,  Abraham 460 

Jenkins,  Charles 475 

Johnson,  Samuel 478 

Johnson,  Wni.  .Samuel., 479 

.lohnson,  Samuel 481 

Kendal,  Samuel 490 

Kinne,  Aaron 495 

Kirkland,  .John  T 496 

Kollwk,  Henry 499 

Kunze,  John  C 5  H) 

Kurti,  J.  D 500 

K-jypers,  Gerard  A 500 

Kuypers,  Zacharlah  II 500 

Langdon,  Samuel 608 

Larned,  Sylvester 504 

Latbrop.  John 604 

Lathrop,  Joseph 505 

Lathrop,  John 505 

Laval,  Francois 507 

Lcaming,  Jeremiah 510 

Lee,  Samuel 512 

Leo,  Jonathan 518 

liCC,  Chauncey 619 

Leland,  John 620 

Le  Mereier,  Andrew 521 

Lewis,  Isaac 523 

Lindslev,  Philip 625 

Linn.  William 626 

Linn ,  John  B 626 

Livingston,  John  II 530 

Livingston,  Gilbert  K 631 

Loomls,  Ilarrey 684 

Lord,  Benjamin 536 


Pnin 

Lvmnn,  Joseph 5-111 

Maii-nrtv.  TImddeiia 542 

.Ma.illi,t.»  k,  Samuel 542 

.Miiwlinrler,  Alixaiid»r .'.13 

.>litills(iri,  .lames , 543 

M.iotilrrg.  JauiM 647 

Misoii.  John 554 

.Mather,  Ulihanl K/, 

Mather,  Increase 5."i7 

.Mather,  ('<itt«ii MM 

Mather.  S4imuel 5>iO 

Matluimii.  V.  A 5<il 

I  .Maxiy,  Jonathan 5i'l 

Ma) hew,  Kxperlelice 5i'.3 

I  .Mavliew.  JiMiallian 5th{ 

McCall.  Thomas  II 5i'4 

.M.Calla.  D.inlel ruA 

.Ml  I'lilliH'h.  Thomas 5)S>I 

.Mi'Ki'an,  Josi'pli 5ti!) 

.McKeen,  .losepll 569 

.Ml  |j(.oil,  Alexander 570 

Merrill,  Thomas  A 574 

Merwin,  Samuel 575 

■Misstr.  Asa 575 

Millwloler.  I'liillp 577 

•Mil  ler,  .Samuel 579 

Miliior,  James ,Vlo 

Mitchell,  Jr.  athan .Wl 

MiioJv,  Josbia 5H(1 

.Mi»iilv,  Saniuil 586 

.Moore,  llenjainln 6S8 

.Moore,  /.phani.ih  S 588 

.MiMirlieail,  Johi 5^9 

Morgan,  Abel 5h9 

Morrison,  William 591 

Morse,  Jeiliiliah 5U1 

Morton,  Cliarlos 595 

Mountain,  Jacob 597 

.Muhlenberg,  Henry  M 698 

MnnliH'k.  James 5!KJ 

Murra'. ,  John 609 

Murrii'v  .John 600 

Nelson,  David (Kl3 

Nettletnn,  Asuhel 603 

Newman,  Samuel 605 

Nlles,  .Samuel 6(17 

Niles.  .Samuel Vm 

Msbet.  Charles (HID 

Norrls,  Kdward 610 

Norton,  John (ill 

Norton.  Asahel  8 613 

Norton,  Andrews 613 

Nott.  Samuel 613 

Noyes,  .lames 614 

No\es,  Nicholas (il5 

Oakes,  Uriah (ill! 

Ohn,  Sfeplien (121 

O.sgood,  David (i26 

Oxenbridge,  John 630 

Packard.  He?.eklah 6-30 

Parish,  Elijah (;;u 

Park,  Calvin 1.34 

Parker,  Tlionins 1136 

Parker,  Samuel 645 

Parker,  Nathan 636 

Parker,  Edward  L (i.3(> 

Parkman,  Francis 61i7 

I'arria,  .Samuel 6.37 

Parsons,  Jonathan Ii38 

j  Parsons,  Closes (i,'J9 

Par.sons,  David 640 

P.irtrldiie,  Halph 641 

Patten,  WilUani (^42 

Patterson,  Jiinies 643 

Puysoii,  Phillips (113 

Puyson,  Seth 6i4 

Pavson,  Edward 644 

Pcabody,  Oliver ('44 

Peabodv,  William  B.  O {H(i 

Pcabody,  Oliver  W.  B (46 

Peabody ,  Kphralm (46 

Pect,  Stephen (47 

Pemlierton,  Ebenezer 648 

Perkins,  Natlian Vfi'i 

Perriiie,  Matthew (io4 

Peters,  Hugh (j,'i5 

Peters,  Samuel  A 6')(> 

Phelps,  Amos  A (io7 

Phillips,  Samuel 658 

Pierce,  John (i(i3 

Picrpont,  Jumes IH.;) 

Plerson,  Abraham (iiil 

Pomeroy,  Benjamin 670 

Porter,  John 672 

Porter,  Nehcmlah 672 


INDKX. 


R!)9 


p»if« 

Pnrt*r.  Kllphnlft im 

PnrliT.  lIlHM'.iTirr tl'U 

INirttT.  Niitlimiirl 't*') 

Hiirlir.  U'Vi.l IITI 

fiilin.  Hllllrim  4 iliVi 

i>ri'iill<-.  ili"iiii« «i7 

l>rlui<',  >»tliaril<'l  H Wl 

Hriiiiv.  TiiivmiiK n«a 

I'rIiMi'.  .I'lliii <1>«1 

I'n'U.lllt.  .Mcxiiii.liT IWI 

HtMvoiwI,  Aimiii'l IIN» 

I'lllt.T.  lll'lltHMl 'IHt 

KivHt'.  Thiiiiiiiii IW 

HIiiH*.  Muririii  J ''*> 

Illn'.  .lolin  II "!»• 

Illi'c,  Ik'iiiinilii  II Tiki 

llli'hiir'l'.  .liiiiHw >i'l 

nipli'v.  i*\lv:inuii  ""H 

lllpU'V,  Kam 7ii.'l 

Itnlitiillil,  CIl'ilKllir Till 

KiiM.iii^,  Alilil   II Til.'> 

ItDMllHDll,     lollll Tim 

Kci'liriTi',  John TiiU 

KiwrK,  .IntiM Tin 

lli.lj.T«.  Wllllnm T12 

K<^«<•tl'.  Willhiiii  M TI2 

l.iiiiii'vn,  Joliii  II Tl'l 

Hiiinli'iimn,  ItiilH'rt ?2I 

Hnii.li.ni,  Diinli'l  V T'Jl 

8i'Mliiirv,  S:imiii>l T2.') 

H..Wiill.  .Iiiw.pli T2.H 

Hhurp,  I)iiiii«l Till 


Wnrrrftof .  I^milrl 

Wiine'lrr.  N'lcili 

Wiin-i'Mh  r.  U^iiiiinl "^M 

/.lii«.ii,|.irr.  N     I, Ml,-. 

Kubljr,  Jiibu  J nUit 


Indiiina. 


Ali'xiimli'r V, 

llli  NViirrli.r Ill 


Pi>««>i 
""l    Ttntw|iil«fiin.  Laaj, 
'•"T     Tn'llliiH>ll       

Tlu'iiiiw,  W 

I111.U 

Viii.><'nt.  U>uU 

H  •Ihih 

W  ■riinilK) 

YttTfii'uiniitn 

74'|>lrtiilnti 


1 

1 


.M 

.MH 


lll'K  k  lii«.. 

Illok  llowk 

Rl:ick  lloif 

Iltillli-,  .Inltl  l<H., 

Ilntii|l)ll>«H>l) 

lloil.lllMll,  KIUU  . 

Itri'.t,  .li.'M'iili,. . 
Ilniwii,  llii'hunl. 
Hnnvn,  ('iithiirine. 


Itii! 

..  tm 
..  11.1 
..  w 

..In; 

.1:11 

.117 

14s 


Inventors  and  EiiKlnoora. 


Ilniwii,  iKivl.l 1111 

llnuiit.  .'^iiliiiiiiiii IM 

lliirr,  Murv 1T2 

IIiixIivIkiimI,  .leiWB Ill 

Ciilionli'tln IHII 

Ciioiuilin ll«l 

I'lu'cMhiihtoitiniiurk 2W 

tMlluTt,  I'ltiimti 2I'> 

i'orMtiiiit 2ii2 

l'iini|iliiiitiT 2ilt 

I'lillic.  I'uul 27:1 

K|iliriiiii 842 


nii«liiiill.  Iliivl.l 

('..loninn.  (M..,l  M. ... 

r..lili]l{.  Iri.ili 

Ih.rliV.  Wllliiiin 

Il<'iirl.nrii.  lU'iijiimlii. 

Ill' I  liTst  rii  r 

►'ifill,  .lohn 

(IcHlln'v.Tlwimia 

<lii»'!*M.  <lcortf»'  

Kiiiitiitll.  liii-n-iiMi. .. 

Ki  :i!,  Willlaui 

K\  111.  .Iiiliii 

i>ir.  IIiikIi 

IS-rkltii',  .liirnl) 

l'"l'".  •l"-'pli 

iit),  Niithiiii. 


.174 
.380 
..M 

.3M 
.395 

aw 

.8M 

■  «« 

.498 
..495 

..not 
..iiax 
..'Via 
..tiii 

.flil5 


Hlu'imnl,  Tli"inii.< T32  i  Kolmiin,  D.ivl.l II.7.I 

Hki'ltoii.  .''imiiiil T!I7  I  Kowlur,  DiivM Itill 

HiiilMi,  TImnms T41  ,  (Icdiit'v,  ltiirli:ii'l 8T7 

0...1.1.    1..1...  II  -11  I  (if,,.||(iimli,  Tlininiiii JSW 


Kmltli,  .liiliii  II T41 

Hmitli,  Ulllliiiii T42  i 

Hniitli,  Siiimu'l  S T4.3 

Sinltli,  .lohii T4-I  I 

Hmltli,  Kthiui T4II 

8|K.mTr.  Iiluihorl  8 TM) 

H|irin);,  .''iimiirl Tri2 

HtiiiiKlitnn,  William Tr/i 

Btillimiii,  Samuel TIK) 

SloiliUiril.  Siildiiioii 71)1 

Tniipaii.  Uiviil 7711 

Tin  iiir,  Kihvaril 771* 

Tuiini'iit.  (iiHiiTt T«2 

Tc'iiiioiit.  William TS2 

Ti'iiiHiv.  Caleli  J T84 

TImi'liiT,  I'uter TKIl 

Tiii'kiT,  .Foliii Sill 

TiiikiTinaii,  I'iiUt Hil2 

Wadilcll.  .laml■^^ 812 

Wail.iwoT  tii,  lUMijaiiilu rtl2 

Waliiwrltflit,  .lonatlmii  M 814 

WalfH,  Samuel 81.", 

Walter,  Nehi'iiiiali 81" 

Wanl,  Xatliuulel HIS 

W^rc,  Ileiirv 821) 

Waiv.  lleiir.v.  jiiii 820 

Wiirliaiii.  .loll  11 820 

Wol.le.  i'hniu.m m.'i 

Wi'ft.  Samuel 841 

West.  Stephen 841 

Wlieeloek,  Kloazar 84Ii 

Wheelwi'lKlit.  .iolin 8411 

Whelplcv.  I'liillp  M 847 

Wliltc,  .iolin 848 

White,  Wllliiim 84!l 

Wliitefleld,  ( iiH.rj;e 84!) 

WiHileawortli,  EJward STio 

MMIeii.x,  t'arlo.-i 85(1 

Willar.1.  8 uel 868 

AVlllarJ,  .)o«epli SfiS 

WilUaniM.  Hiver 859 

Williums.  ,loliii m) 

Williams,  WUlium 801 

Williams,  Ell«ha 8iP2 

WllllamH,  Solomon ^  "i 

WllliaiiiK.  Stephen Hi;2 

AVilliams,  Klipluilet 8li,S 

Willlam.<,  Solomon HTO 

Wilson,  .Iolin 807 

Wilson,  .lames 808 

Wilson,  .lames  I' 8IW 

Wilson,  .loshna  h 809 

Winrlie.-^ter,  Kllianan 870 


Ullllisev.  .Iinilert .715 

Sliri'Vi.;  lli.nrv  M TSd 

St.-veiis,  II rt  I, Tfi8 

Whi.tliT,  (lei.rnu  W 847 

Wliitiiev,  !:ii 8fi3 

Whltteuiiire,  A-nod UU 


Judges  and  Lawyers, 


Hawkins,  .lohn 420 

llenclrlik 42.'. 

Iliiii-oomes 429 

Ilol,l.am(Ki 4.17 

lloiiier.  h  mini 441 

Ilnwih'e.  S;irah 451 

llnwooswee 452 

lliiiiiiiilnK  lliril 455 

.lohn 4TI1 

.lohnson.  .Joseph 481 

.Innes,  Peter 485 

.losepli,  Kraiiela 485 

.lumper 488 

Kniikapot.  .lohn 499 

l.Utlo  Turtle 528 

1.01:1111 Kii 

Lowrie,  (leoi*«n 5.'i9 

Matlu'kau'iinilo 545 

Maminasli,  Sally 510 

.>I-issassnit 555 

Milntosh.  William 508  j  nm(lliury,'Tlieophllus 

Miantunnoiiu; 575 

Mitark 581 

Moxiis fc.H 

NlnitsrcU IW 

Noah 009 

Norton,  ,lohn Oil) 

Noweiiua 014 

Nunneiiuntcno 010 

Oceui.sh 017 

Oecom,  Samson filT 

Oi?a-na-va B18 

Ondavaka 023 

Orono 02.1 

OsiH.la 025 

(Isnoit 020 

Osson 020 

Owuncco 030 

1  I*as.sarr)naway 041 

:  PauRus 043 

Paul.  Silas 043 

1  Pessaciis ^ . .  .O.Vi 

I  Philip IVu 

Pocahontas 008 

Pomiionoho „ 070 

Poiitiae 071 

Powhatan 075 

I  Pnmhaui 084 

I  Puslimatahft 085 

Ued.laeket 095 

1  lilelisoiiville 702 

lllilKe,  .lohu 702 

Itobln "no 


Wise,  .lohn 87i 

Wlsnev.  Ilcnjaiuin  B 875     Rogers,  .John 712 

WltlierspiMin,  .lohu 870  ;  .Sausaman 722 

Wooilliridiie.  Ileiij.imin 880  ;  Skenoiulou 737 

Woodhridse,  .lohn 881     Sunseeto 773 

WoodliiM^ie,  Timothy 881     Taekawash,  Jehu TT5 


Adams,  Andrew 4 

Addison.  Alexander 14 

Allen,  William 18 

Allyn,  Matthew 20 

Arnold,  Pelen 46 

Ashimin,  .lohn  II 47 

Atkinson,  Theodore 40 

Auehmuty,  IIidM^rt 4Q 

Ilavlies,  Nieholas T4 

Ikdeher,  .lonathan T9 

llensoii,  K«lpert 84 

Ilerrleii,  .1.  Maepherson 88 

llilteliiw,  Timothy 00 

lllai  klinrii,  .Samuel 98 

Illair,  .lohn 96 

make,  (leorvo 00 

llliss,  (Jeorpe 09 

iia 

llrairley;  David.. 133 

Ilryiin,  (lenrue  .    15.1 

lliiruess,  Tristain 102 

lUirke,  .\edanus 106 

llunief,  .laeoh 107 

Ilurr,  Peter 100 

< 'lia.se.  Samuel 21) 

t'llauiiiey,('liarlns 21!3 

(Miauiieey,  ('liarle;4 217 

Chew.  Deiijamin 2P.) 

Chlpman.  Nathaniel 220 

Chlpuian.  Ward . ,  .220 

Chiinh.  S.iniuel 224 

Clavton,  I'hoiiias 234 

I'ol.len,  Ca.lwallader  D 240 

Oraiieh,  Uiehard 271 

C'raneh,  William 271 

Ciishin;;,  William 270 

Daci^'ett.  David 279 

Dana.  Kniiiels 280 

Dana,  .Salliuel 280 

Dane,  Nathan 282 

I)avenport,  Addington 280 

DavU,.lohn 292 

Dawes,  Thomas 293 

Day,Tiioinns 293 

De  l.mrev,  .lames 298 

Desaii.-^.sii'n',  Henry  W 290 

Dewey,  Dmiel 290 

Drayton,  William SOS 

Drayton,  .lohn 308 

Dniine,  .lanie« 300 

Dudley,  hull 310 

Dulaney,  Daniel 3U 

Durfec,  >loh 314 

Dyer,  Eliphalet 318 

Hdwarils,  Pierrepont ."SS 


Woods,  Leonard 883  1  Tadeuikund TT5  J  Edwards,  Jonathan  W ..329 


900 


INDKX. 


II: 

tU-T,  .ll-l... 
lUlwllv.  .In 

ll<»l<lnr'l.  r,l 

K'lwiiria  IFi'tirv  P A> 

KniiiM-tt.  'riKiiii'iM  A • flfllt 

KinntI,  .liiliix ml 

KnnI,  (liilirl.'l  II IVill 

Mhiii mm 

.pii a*;i 

iviii ;ih;i 

(icMiiii,  .liiiiiiK  imi 

llriihaiii,  .lr<liii  A im 

tlniiiKir,  lllili'iiri Kk| 

(InHMili'iif.  Ht IHM 

llrMli'V,  .li'ri'iii V «K) 

(IrlKWnl'l,  ."tiiilov 411'i 

irinillliiii,  Ai'<|n-«r 411H 

llirrlxin.  IdiUrt  II 4IS 

llilV,  II.Mirun 4«1 

lli-vwiiril,  Thnmiui 4'i'.> 

IlillliiiiiM',  .liiiiii'M  A 4-l;i 

lllK'lii'iHk,  Suriiiiul  J 'i:i'i 

llnitr,  Saiiiiii'l .4>t'> 

llnlmrt.Ji.hii  M 4;i7 

lliilTiiiiiii,  l>iif |.| l.'1-l 

HotTiiiiui,  Ok.Ii'Ii 4:|H 

llnlini'4,  .liihii 4I<I 

11"|>kliii«iii,  KriinclH 4tS 

lliipklnMini,  .In-icifli 441> 

IliiraiiniijOcr,  lliiiilol 44t> 

lliwiiiiT,  Sti'|ilii-ii  T 4111 

Hiiw.'ll,  D.ivl.l 4;i2 

lliililitii'il,  Sainiii'l -IM 

liiKi'r«till,  ,liiri'<l in] 

1ii}<i'rH(iII,  .Inimttinn 4i>^{ 

Innli'll,  .lnini>'< 4IH 

Jiu'kxiiii,  I'liiii'Icri 4'!7 

.liiriil.,  Sti'iilii'ii 4(1" 

.liiv,  .liihii 4i;il 

Joiiniiciii,  U'lllliini 4H1 

JohiiHDii,  Will.  Suimirl 4H2 

Joiii's,  Diivia 4S3 

alonoA,  HiiniucI Wt 

Koiit,  .liiincN 4'.l| 

Klllaiii,  (V  llliiim 4U2 

KtiiKcy,  •luiiicM 4U5 

KIrh.v',  Epliralm 41tt 

IiIiiihIiiH,  .Iciliii ri(4 

Law,  Itifhard 507 

Iav,  dliiirli'S BIS 

LInodlii,  IiVtI r>24 

LltMl,  Ullll/ini 627 

Iiivcriiioni,  Saniiipl 528 

UvcTniim',  Arthur fi2H 

LtviuKHtoii,  IlriH'khoUt niiil 

Liviii){.'<li>n.  Kilwiiril rxSI 

I/)ii)fti'llnw,  SU'phuii BiM 

Low.'ll,  .lolin 638 

Iivnili'.  Ik'njnmlii 641 

Mtirnh.  ('liiirlott 641) 

MarHhiill.  John Ml) 

Murthi,  Luther 6611 

Murllii,  KnimiM  X C6t» 

Miutoii,  Jt'rcniiiih 665 

MiitthuwM,  Vincoiit 6111 

Mellon,  I'runtliw 67't 

Hurrill,  IlunJ.iniiu 674 

Merrill,  ilaiiien  (' 674 

Mitchell,  Stejiheii  M 6K'i 

MorrlH,  lliihert  II iV.12 

Morton,  I'erea .Wll 

NelKoii,  WllUiim I'm 

MehoNou,  .loHeph  11 («)7 

Niles,  Nathaniel «« 

OBdon,  David  II <I18 

Oleott,  Simeon fi20 

Oliver.  Peter tJ22 

J'oliie,  Iti.liert  Treat ("U 

I'aine,  Klijah iViSi 

I'nrki'r,  Ihiuic f»ili 

ParKoiin,  Theophlliis (140 

I'l'arce,  Dutee  .1 I14t) 

Pinkiipv,  Willlmn ,.tl(»! 

I'ratt,  I'ctor <>7.'> 

Pratt,  ileiijamln (i7li 

Pruntiiw,  Samuel 1)78 

I'utimm.  Samuel 687 

Qulnev.  Kilniuiul 088 

lOiilclilTe.  .laeoh filK) 

Tlnwle.  William 094 

Head,  (ieoige («)u 

Uuud,  .lohn I'm 

Iteeve,  Tap|iill(r 01»< 

IliehurdSDi],  William Tl'l 

Koaiie.  Speiieer 705 

llohin.son,  .lonathan 71^ 

Kohin.son,  .M.  ,M "OS 

Jluot,  Je88u 713 


Men  of  Loarnlng. 

Ahhot,  Ilcijjunhi 2 

Ailallirt,  I'ilarlex  I) 14 

Adriiin.  IIhIktI 14 

Alden,  Timothy 16 

Aiidiilton,  .lohn  .lauiofi 40 

IKidHter,  .lohn 58 

,  llari'lii.v,  lloi.ert 51) 

{  lllirtiert,  Daniel  II 0;') 

llartnim,  .lohn 01) 

Harti-am,  William 70 

lliik,  l/<!wi»  t; 70 

llelkoap,  .lereinv 71) 

Ik'verl,,  Itoliert 88 

llollan',  William lIKI 

lloniiyeiiHtle,  t'liariM 101 

Ilordley,  .lidin  II 104 

lloiicher,  Joimthan 106 

llowdltch,  Nntlmniul 108 

ih-adfHrd,  Aldon 124 

llrattle.  William IJi;) 

ItniWM,  Charles  H 14'i 

lluckmiiiftter,  .losepli  S I.j0 

lliirke,  .lohn  D 105 

llntler,  (Jalel 178 

llutler,  Mniin 178 

Calleiider,  ,lohn 180 

Carilell.  Williams 1111 

Can'v.  Mattliew 1111 

Oartiir.  Nathaniel  II 104 

(JatcDhy.  Mark 20,') 

(Ihaimer?*,  IhMtrtre 204 

(iiiiirli'voix,  Peter  De 210 

nia.ftellnx,  .Maninis  I)c 212 

(Mieever,  Kzeklel 218 

Clavtini,  .lohn 2.'« 

Clilford,  John  D 2.S8 

l'<,llinrii,  Z.Ta 240 

I'olden.  Cadwalliidcr 247 

('ooper,  Thomaii 202 

(looper,  Jame»  F 202 

Coxc.  Dimiel 270 

Coke.  Tench 270 

(^nthiisli.  James 277 

Tutler,  MaiuiH^eh 278 

Di.  Kav,  James  E 208 

Deniiie,  Joseph 2!IS 

Drayton,  WlllUmi  U 'M 


I  llo<«.  flw.  lit, 711 

llu>li,  .Inioli  TIM 

I  lliitle.liP',  .h.hn 7H 

I  Salt tall.  IliehnnI 7211 

Snrui'nI.  N'liilianiel  H T£l 

i  SedrwI.  k.  Tli.'<Kliin» 720 

1  Serneanr,  John 727  i 

I  St'nall,  Sim 1 72H 

I  Sewall.  Hl.phell mi 

;  Sew.ill.  ."iimilil 7<')0  I 

i  S1'^Vl■ll,  .lioiathan 7'tl  { 

I  ShiTinan,  llourer  >I 7^15  | 

:  Shliipen.  I'M w. ltd t't'i 

{  HiiOlli,  \Miliain 740 

Siiiilh.  .leremliih 745 

H|i4.nrer.  .\m)iriMu 750 

Stearns,  A-aliel 765 

Story,  .loseph  itli"( 

Stroriir.  ."inieon 7*17 

Sullivan,  IJeorife 771 

Snllimn,  Wllllani 772 

Swiri,  A'phaidiih 774 

Th.ieiler.  deorp' 787 

Thai  her.  Peter  O 78" 

Tlioiiips(Mi.  Smith 700 

TilKhman.  William 7011 

Tnnvlirld;te.  Kdiiinnd 700 

Tni-ker,  St.  liisirxe 802 

TmkiT.  Ileorv  St.  (leorKi 8(I2 

Tinker.  Ileverley 802 

Hard.  Arteiiias  MM) 

WnshloKloii,  lliishnid 882 

Wheatori.  Ulian 84:) 

Wheaton,  llenrv S4J) 

Wilde.  Samuel  1* 850 

Wils lames 808 

\Mntlirop.  Waitstlll 870 

Wintlinip.  .lames 874 

Wirt.  William 875 

WoUott.  Krastus 8"8 

WiirtliiiiKton,  John 888 

WraL'H,  William 88U 

Wvthe,  (leiirue 8111 

Yiites,  Kobert 8l)U 


■iKt 


nuninirr,  .leroaiWi 

liii|sioii Pvlvf  M QI4 

Hull M'lltllew  N ni 

DwIkIiI.  rhei.loni HIT 

l^liin.  AuMM nil 

Kddv.  S.imiiid 11^3 

niiiidi,  Aiidmw urn 

Klllotl.  Stephen im 

Kvaiis.  h'xis M4 

Kveri'li.  Ah'i'iiider  II Oin 

I'armer,  John  fUH 

K'arnir.  .I..I111 JHH 

Kiaher.  Alexiiiiiler  M IKI 

Klske.  N'jithuii  W H'A 

Kol-s,  l«ef,.» )|M 

rolleli.l'harleil  T.  (! WM 

►iH.t, .loMpii  I unit 

Krankliii,  Ullllam Illlil 

Krl.lde.  I,.vi nOH 

lln'W.  Tl phlliis ijmi 

ilriino,  Kdmniid  D 4oo 

tlrlnike.  Thonins  S 411I 

llrliiishaw,  William .(iiy 

llnis,  .lull II  D 40:1 

llakliivt,  UiilinH 401 

Mill,  .)ohn  K 4iH| 

Hall,  Kre.lerle 407 

Harris.  Tllad.lelis  W 416 

lliiskell.  D.iniel 4IS 

llassler.  Ferdinand 418 

ll.i/.ird.  Klienewr 4';8 

He.|«e,  Levi 424 

Hennepin,  Louis 426 

lleiitz,  N.  .>l 428 

Hewitt.  Alexanilir 421) 

Houghton.  DoiikIiish 44U 

Ho\t.  Kpnplinis 452 

llutehlns,  Thoiniui 460 

Jolinsoii,  Kdwanl 478 

Josselyn,  .lohn. 4y5 

Judd.' .Sylvester 4S0 

Kalm,  Peter 488 

Kemp.  Jidin 4(10 

KiiiKsley.  .lames  L 405 

Knapp.  Sainnel 4117 

Isifoii,  llarthelemy 6ir.j 

Liinson.  John 601) 

Ix'verett.  .lohn 521 

liliisley,  .lames  II .527 

iiiK  ke.  John tiSti 

LoKWii,  .lames 5,12 

.MaiKllelil,  .lared 648 

Maish,  .lames 54U 

.Varshall.  Ilninplmiy 541) 

Mellsh,  John 672 

Mlelianx,  Andn- 570 

.Miiiot,  (leorue  U 680 

Mhito,  Walter 5I^1 

Mill  hell,  Jidiii 682 

Monette,  .lohii  W 683 

MiHidy,  .Samuel 587 

Morton.  Nuthaidel 600 

Moiirt,  (liiirite 507 

Murray,  IJnilley 002 

Newman,  Samuel  I* 0()5 

Xieollet.  J.  N 1107 

Partriilite,  Alden 041 

PatterMin,  l!olM>rt ffl2 

Peiiliody,  David 045 

Pearson.  Kliplialet fj4fl 

Pii-k,  William  D 047 

Pieri  e.  Ilonjamin (VW 

Pemlierton,  Thoiimti 648 

Pemlierton,  Khenezer tH8 

Piekerini;,  .lohn ,  .ii02 

Pitkin,  Timothy 1.07 

Popkiii.  JolinS 072 

Prime,  Nathan I»H 

Proud.  Ilohert O'-J) 

Purehas,  Samuel (;,*>5 

Puish.  Frederle r,s5 

Pynehon.  Hllllam i;K7 

Kamsav,  D.ivld (ml 

lleilfleld,  William  C i,il5 

llleh.  Ohaillah 71(1 

Itittenhouse,  David 7114 

Hohie,  ThoiniiH 7110 

.Siinderson,  John 721 

Say.  ThonuiH "'j;i 

Smith,  Sumucl 715 

Stiles,  E/M ;5S 

Stith,  Willliun 71J) 

i  Storrs,  Charles  II 7ii4 

I  Stuart,  Moses 70:^ 

I  Tuylor,  Olivt-r  A 78U 


He 
He 
He 
Ue 


INDEX. 


Tnin'l'iill.  n<'nj<imln  . . 

Tiilor.  W  IIIIjiiii      

Tillir.  JiiiiH-"   

U'jinl''<i,  l>'ivl>l  II 

Ki'lilxr,  SaiiiiM-l 

nviMlir.  NimIi 

U'lii'riirli,  .liihii 

t\llllillll<i.  ■•llllMI.'l 

WIN Mi'i  IX  hr  . , . 

\l|Mtlir"|>.  .I"liii 


.  .wm 
.  .HHI 

,..Kir. 

.  ..Wl'i 

,..H.i;. 
.Hr4 


irrti-r.  K'l«i<lM>)h. . 

Illo'.l.lr.   \U^  K.    . 

Ilii<  lii»  k.  Ilitrti-y, 

l|...t,  Arl .. 

lliiiiM',  lli.l.<<rt  W... 
Jxhiinin.  M  irin  H. . 

Jniit^N,  >IhiiiUc1  T  .  ■  . 
.Iii'lxiii,  Ami 

Jill 
.III 


WU    Wiolnril.  Ilfnnr... 

«r(/hr,  Iti.t.i  1  .... 

ttiiii'ii.  Aifn-;  

<*> Ili.l«.rl   , . ., 

V'liivmun.  .I«lin  tl . 
/Al<U'r(rr.  |i»«l.|.. ,, 


4:11 
.4Vi 

Wi 

i»; 


',10 1 

3 


(Vixxl.  »llll'iiii f>''l     Kliiiii't,  I 

W.Mil,  .ti.liii >-J«l     Klikl.iiii 

Vuurili  Ali'iU'ii'U'r HIKl 


'  I 


HlMionarioa. 

Alwi.  t)f»»M a 

Ailiiiii".  Ni'Wiun IS 

Alli'M.  Mtni 27 

All (in">l< '^' 

All Axuluili 27 

AiHlri'WH,  I'lirni'llr 'M 

A|illi>ir|i.  diinx"  II ,      »1 

Ili'iitl.v.  t'liiirli'K "1 

llt'iijiiinlii,  Nutlmii '> 

lllir'>t.  Mtii'fiit HI 

lll^h.v,  Siimin in 

lll.iikliiirii,  llliliKiii ll.'l 

lliMr'Iniiiii.  lli'iiriiu  D W 

1    iiriii'.  Illiliiiril I117 

•    iinii'.  Jiwpli liW 

lliullc.\.  Kiiiilli V.'A 

|lriiri<'r>l.  D.ivlil 127 

jtriiliM'ril.  .Iiiliii I'll 

lllllH'llf,  .ll'lIM  1)1) I'll 

llii-'anl,  ■.Ml lil'i 

III'  '  1111111,  .Imiiu'hM I.H 

lliii.    .  DmvI.I K)2 

Ili-Minl,  .liiiiicii  0 IM 

lliii'll,  Wllltiiii I'i'.l 

lliiww.  N.  M.  Hull Iii2 

lliirifi'xs.  Mrx Ili2 

|lii»liiii-ll.  Mrs IVl 

lliili-iik.  Diiili'l US 

ituttKi'v,  <i"tri    .    17S 

llultl'li-k,  i;iiz     ■!!       17H 

Ciiiiplii'll,  .1"!  M  M IXil 

('iiiii|iIh'1I,  11,1     c.)  M 1H!I 

Curliiil.  1;.  Do Il'l 

Ciirv.  I."tt 2(« 

('M»tU'.  AuiiHInn 2112 

Cliuintpirliiln,  b'vl 2(14 

('ll>llll|>iiiil.  (Iciil';tl' 2(1.") 

I'linr.lDii,  I'ltcr 21(» 

Clmi'w,  1'.  !><'  I.:i 212 

(!liMiiiiiiirifit.  iln^cph 212 

Cliirr.-,  Cluirloltd 21S 

(■(111. Ill),  Mr< 2.''8 

('mm'.  Kilwiii 272 

Ciimiiili'!?!',  Aliriiliftni 274 

C'liiiiinlnKXi  ^*^'llOl'U 275 

Dilililc,  Slii'liloii iilll 

l>cicl)tc.  A«i ',Ki 

Pwluht.  Kllail.ctli 317 

Dwiltlit.  K(il«rt  0 317 

Kilw.iriln.  Wlllliiiii 32« 

Kvirott,  S.  Hanili 34(. 

Kv(rftt,.li«cl8 31tl 

yUk,  IMlnv 3.")l 

Klsk,  U-MK' .'W 

KiKito.  Uuxuiiii 31")!) 

Kn'iich.  Iloiiry  S.  0 *i7 

Kni^it,  l-Miiiiiiul 8(jl) 

Oiit'e,  Thiimiis 371 

lliiiiilinltl,  iliihii ..373 

(IniMiril,  .liiHluh 3S3 

(I.Kichill,  llcrwy 3Hil 

Cr.-ilriiii,  .MixjuuUt  .1 3113 

Umiit,  Awilu'l ii!ll 

(IriTiv,  Alluii 3114 

(li-i.llc'v,  Klimtliiin 4110 

(lii.nvDM.  HcnjiUiilii 402 

linmt.  Iliiiiimh 4ii3 

(irulie,  11.  A 4(13 

Hill,  (iiinloii 4(1(1 

ll.ill,  Alnnson  (! 4(17 

II..II.1.I.1V.  AlliiTt  11 4117 

lliimli.i.  II.'.  rMX:i 410 

llai;iiMk.  .M.ii-Mm 413 

llawlcy,  (iiilciiii 420 

llflKinl,  .^'tiirv 424 

llfliiiril,  Kilwcii 424 

IliK'kt'wi4ik'r,  .lolin 424 

Uurvoy ,  WlUium 421) 


11.  ^Iipiilmm titi 

II,  Kiiillv  (' 4Mii 

"ry 4tii' 

Kiiiin'i I'.m 

Kiiu|i|i.  Ilnrtoii  O 4117 

Ijiiirli.,  .Mr« IV17 

Ijiwroiui'.  .Iiilm  J I'liiH 

Ixl.ih'll.  Ili'iiry Kti 

LiM'ki*,  Mr* tttfj. 

I/K  ki',  IMwIii ...MJ 

|,|M  kwiMi. I,  ,li.Hii(>.  , .r^fj 

l,>i»rli'.  WilliT  SI ...M.I 

i.viiMiii,  lli.iiry M\ 

Miiniui.tli.,  .I.'i«.|j|i MH 

Mm »li,  ."dill I  II r>|ll 

MuIh'w.  Zi^iliiiHiih tn'il 

Mil',  mini,  Kliplinl r,iH 

>|il.«'iiii.  .Mi-xiimlrr fi'iO 

Mill*.  Siiuiiiil  J r,7i) 

Mliur,  .li'KKi ;,«ii  I  ||||liiiK«',  Ani1„.i 

Miiiilif fry,  Wlnuiii  II ri<<fi  i  llliikli'v,  A.liiin 


Pe-.-iona  ovur  Ona  IIuuilrDtl 
Yaam. 


.Iiilin II 

14 


Allrii, 
Alk'f    . 

■»'"!' ,.  m 

Aiiiln  «»,  .liKiiiiut M 

Ali|(i'.  »lMl|il gif 

Aiii:ll",  lli'iiry w 

Aii|.)iii.ii,  l.illii i() 

,Vnin|,|,  i4,,ili  .  4«| 

Al«ill.  r.'i.n.llii .'.'.',,  4U 

Kiilwr.  Ilmliil (^ 

lliirn-..! |ili  m.ii nil 

IWirili'tt.  KiMiii tM 

U.iyl.'y,  Miittlil.M 711 

ll.lkiiii|>.  K/iklil M) 

lU'iiimt,  liiivlil HI 

llirkli'y,  AIcxiiimUt M7 

l»l 


Mn«t  ly,  HiiiiiudI ftim 

Miiii;.'i'r.  Mi'H f,iiH 

Mil  nil.  I<iiil-ii '. . ..  .filiH  ' 

.^lll II.  S.iiiuH'l fi'.ili 

Mii/./.i .  Mr< i]ifi  I 

Ni'wi'll.  S  ii.iiii.l 1I114  • 

Ni'wi'll.  Il.inli't I'lOl 

Ni'wti.ii,  Mr. mui 

Milinl*.  .Ii.liii itor, 

\  ■,!•«,  Kll illll 

I'lnm,  Mr< I'iH 

I'lirMiii)'.  l.i'Vl il-lii 

I'i'rry ,  .liwpli  M.  S llVi 

Pli-n'i',  .Murv ill"! 

I'nlilmaii,  Wlllliiiii  .1 (Kill 

I'll'  ''iiaii,  Mr" (■|i;S( 

I'  CiiriK'Hit  K 1171 

1      ■■    D.inli.l (',71 

I'li.nTH,  Mr.1 (i;r, 

I'liii'.  .liiiiMthun  II (17'.l 

Uiilli',  Siliiiftli'ii Cltl 

Ituinsi'v.  Mrri (i'.rj 

lUiucli,  ('.  II I\'.H 

lii'i.i.  winiuui (1117 

l!lr(..  Liitlu'r 700 

llliliiiril,  (l.ilirlt'l 701 

ICirlllll'tl.',  ,lllllli'H vol 

m.liiirclH,  Wlllliim 701 

llliliiir.lK,  Williiiiii  I, "01 

KiililiiKiiii,  ('li:irli.» 7rS 

Siittvrli'i'.  A.  II 722 

Holnii'iilir,  Mrs 72:! 

■"(•iiililiT,  .liilin 724 

.■'(•iiililcr,  Kiithiirliii' 72ri 

SiTni'unt.  .Inlm 727 

Smith,  Sarali  I, 744 

Siiiitli,  Muriii  \V 7l"i 

.•^iiiitli.  A7.iri.ili 74(1 

Siiiltli,  nnliiTt 747 

Smith.  Kll 747 

S|>iiuMiM!;,  Ki'liniiui 7iiO 

Sti'tmiii,  Klleu 7'i(I 

Stovi'iis.  Kihvin 7riX 

Stnililaril,  llarrlut 702 

Stmie,  At(wsa. 7(i3 

Tavlor,  Saimiel  A 7>'0 

Tcilt,  Kliza 7MI 

'IVmiilc.  DaiiM 7KI 

Tliniiil,-(ill,  Kllzii 7'.«l 

'riiomsiiii,  CaHiariiio 701 

'riinm^on,  rrcilt-ric  II 701 

TiiiM,  Clarissa 701 

Tnii'V.  Aili'lliii' 707 

Van  Umuh'Ii.  Kiiima  L Hi"* 

Van  U'niK'ii.  Mary  K Hiis 

\Vh(.(4(M'k,  IMwaril H4;'i 

White,  n.ivM Hr,2 

^Vllitill^^  (i.nii„r(.  II 8.V.; 

IVhitiii'v,  Siimui'l S.",3 

Whittelsi'V,  .Samuel  U »",  1 

Wilsim,  Mr.< Si;o 

Wilson.  Ali'X.niiliT ^('0 

Wiiislow.  Ilarriit H72 

\Vil.^^i^\v,  Anno S72 

\\;m.\.  Mrs R80 

Wood,  Joel SSU 


Uti 


IIIi'iIm'u',  Nnlimn irj 

ll|ii»ir«,  S.iiii|>-iiii  A li".! 

Ili':iart,  Aliniliiiiii lm| 

llnih  lii-r,  t'liiirlci jml 

lllnwil,  S\  l.lii.H |f,| 

lliinfi'H4,  lU'iiJii'ilii li'i'j 

lliiniliiiiii,  I.mII.'i I117 

lliirr.  M.iry |;j 

llllKlll'.  Ill'iijiilhlll 171 

lliilli.r.  Willi  nil 177 

lliKlirvviatli.  Ciitliarlri' I"H 

l'aii;|>lii'll.,li'iiiiy IHl) 

Ciirrirr.  'rinuiiaii iiijl 

Clark.  H.inii'l 'ijt) 

Cnl.h,  Kl /IT 241 

Cliiri'l'.  ,lnllli «4.| 

Cull',  Cnll'tta ill) 

Ciilliiiiiurc.  .liiliii 'S^i 

C(>|ii.laiii(,  (.awri'liri'..  . , .203 

Cniwl'iiril.  Marv 27'i 

Cnill,  I'liilip. ' -riH 

CiirHrr.  Mill  'taln'i 27Ii 

liiivli',  .Miiry 2HS 

D.ivv,  Jiiliii 2iy 

Ihiiiis,  Allan 2117 

111  |iii(y,  Jaciili 'J,H) 

tirli.kir,  DilsvarJ ;)0S 

liiiiila|i.  Iliiiili 111!) 

lii.liin,  Mi.lclti' 3li| 

Kit M.ltfiiil ,'121 

Kllintt,  l!i.l.iit JUKI 

Kl-.U'll.  Mi.|n.|alii4 :i.')7 

Kvc.  A. lam ;«5 

Kiirnir.  'I'itiintli) ',',\^ 

Karrar.  Mary lll'.l 

IVrrv,  Uailii'l ll'iO 

Kliirii ItV^ 

Fiilliiw,  IVtiT .'1;-,S 

I'l.iit.ilin'.  William !W» 

I'*l.|li(-I,    I  111  lira  11.  . JiiV.I 

KraMii>rii.  Ili'iiry IJii'J 

(lilli'v.Jiiliii :!SU 

(liKi.irli'li.  llaiitiah 3H7 

(iiiii;,'li,  lliinnah Hill 

(Irani,  Anna ll'.ill 

(iiTi'ii,  K/ni 3'.N1 

llarlmv,  l.wlla 41:1 

llarvi'V.  Ik"  jaiiilii 4H 

llati'li",  Kii-lia 410 

ll;trliiiiik,'rhiililii.'l 4l!» 

lli;:htim'ii,  Jiishiia 4lU 

llili.<.  KliciHZi'r 431 

II. invll.  Silas 4.Vi 

limit.  I.ittli'tiiii 4'iil 

Jamil'  nil,  lii.lcrt lOi) 

•Iiiniiiin,  ,l!iiii' 4(111 

Ji'irrrsoii,  Kli'iii'or 471 

.h'l.kinn,  S,iiiiiii-1 47.'i 

Jim 4711 

.Inlin 477 

.li'hiiMiii,  N'mili 4711 

.!llllli.snll,Tlinllin.s 4H'2 

.(nncs,  Nancy 4S5 

,liiii.l,  l,..is 487 

liiilklii-i.  I'liillp 4x7 

,  Karut's,  !<aruU  \V 48i) 


902 


INDEX. 


Kenniaon,  .Tnnny 491 

Kpnnielnii,  Diivid 401 

Killnni,  IIcImh'Cii 4»2 

KiiiralJ,  Mury 403 

Knight.  Deliorali 407 

Knox,  William 400 

Lacy,  Jncoh 601 

Laiic,  Ka'kiel 502 

I/nnK8tii(T,  llonry 503 

Limgwortliy,  Content 6(>3 

Lnrruni,  Mary 604 

lAyne,  Clinrlos 609 

Lear,  Mrs 510 

Lcaituro.  JnKoph 610 

Lcc.  Elisabi-tli 619 

Le  Forge.  Henry 520 

Lcmell,  Eleanor 621 

Lent,  Iwuie ,  .521 

LponanI,  Abigail 621 

Lewla,  Couifort 523 

Lilly,  Anna 62S 

liincoln,  Kuth 625 

Linn,  John 627 

LoT^joy,  Hannah 630 

LoTcjoy,  Pnmpey 680 

Lorowell,  Mr 637 

Luak,  John 639 

Macldin,  Koliert 643 

Mallet,  Angeline 646 

Haraliall,  ..ndrew 560 

Martha 550 

Martin,  ,1olin .560 

Mnttliowa,  Mary 601 

Mavo.  Mra 564 

MoDaniel,  Archibald 666 

McDonald,  Donald 566 

HcDougal,  Alexander 567 

BIcOuin,  Samuel 667 

Molntire,  Mra 667 

Mcintosh,  Ann 568 

Mrlntire,  John 668 

Miller,  John 678 

Minnie k,  Mrs 580 

Moor,  Mordecal 688 

Moore,  Hannah 6S8 

Jloorc,  Kliziibcth 588 

Moore,  Sitrauol 589 

Mosher,  Hannah 696 

Blurphy,  John 599 

Murray,  William 602 

Neighbors,  Mr 602 

Newby,  Mrs 604 

Newell,  Hvpzibah 605 

Niblet.  Solomon 606 

Niles,  George 608 

Norrls,  l>liel.e 611 

Norton,  Molly 613 

Orr,  John 623 

Orr,  Isaoe 624 

Osborne,  Mrs 625 

Pallotc,  Joseph (iliS 

Palmer,  Oeorgc 634 

Penrce.  Elizabeth 646 

Pemry ,  Saraly* 649 

Perkins,  William 662 

Perkins.  Erastus 653 

Philbrlck,  AbigaU 667 

Pime,  Kobert 602 

Pinson,  Sarah 667 

Pi|>er,  Susannah 667 

Plante.  Marie 667 

Politis,  Peter 669 

Potter,  Mercy 674 

Pratt,  Epliniim 076 

Pridgen,  William 680 

Princely,  I'hllip 683 

Ramsay,  William 692 

Rankins,  Cathariuo 693 

Ream,  Jcrcmi.th 695 

Redlon,  Sarah 696 

Rcllay,  .lohn 698 

Reynolds.  .los»\>h 700 

Roberts.  Charlc.  706 

Robin.  Mario..  .    706 

Roose,  WillLim 710 

Rogers,  Adams 712 

Ross.  Alexander 714 

Rump,  Frederic 716 

Ryalls,  Henry 719 

SanTord.  Joshua .' 721  ! 

Siivage,  Mury 722  : 

Siiwycr,  Elizabeth 723  I 

Senvey,  Hannah 726 

Soeber.  Henry 726  i 

ghauklin,  Ann 731  | 


ShaTer,  .Tohn 731 

Shcpani.Mr 733 

Small,  Isaac 738 

Smith,  Jacob  J 747 

Snider,  Andrew 748 

Sparling,  Iluldah 760 

Staiifoni,  Joshua 764 

Ton  Evck,  Samh 782 

Thorn'dike.  Kolwrt 791 

Torrcv,  Dorothy 796 

Ulrick,  Mm ,S06 

Van  ((elder,  Mr 808 

Vanhining,  Henry 808 

Van  Voaat,  John  J 809 

Wall,  Artliur 816 

Warden,  .Tohn 819 

Warren.  Mary 822 

Welch,  Samuel 837 

Welch,  Sarah 837 

Welcott,  Nannie 837 

Whitman,  John 863 

Whitney,  Sarah 854 

Wier,  Mr 855 

Wilder,  Nathaniel 867 

Wllley,  Anna 869 

Willey,  Charleg 859 

Wingttte,  Mrs '...■  .871 

Wood ,  Lois 880 

Womlliull,  John 883 

Woodwaril,  Jonathan 886 

Worthhigton,  Peter 888 

W^ranginan,  John 889 

Yancey,  Uary 898 


Physicians  and  Surgeons. 

Ames,  Nathaniel 81 

Anderson,  .Tames 83 

Aspinwall.  William 48 

Atkinson,  Israel 49 

Avery,  William 61 

Hani,  John 69 

Bard,  Samuel 60 

Daron,  Alexander ^ 66 

Dartiett,  Josiali 67 

Bartlett.  7,  iccheus 68 

Dartnn,  Itenjamin  S 68 

Bayley,  Uichard 73 

Baylies,  William 74 

Baynani.  William 74 

Beatty,  John 76 

Heck,  John  B 76 

Beck,  T.  Uomeyn 76 

llolden,  Joshua 78 

Bli.<s,  James  C 98 

Bond,  Thomas 101 

Bowon,  Pardon Ill 

Boyiston,  Zabdiel 113 

Brackctt,  Joshua 116 

Brigliam,  Aniariah 139 

Brown,  Samuel 146 

Bruce.  Anliibald 152 

Bucl.  William 167 

BulBiich.  Thomas 169 

Bull,  William 161 

Bullanl,  Artema.s 161 

Cadwalladcr,  Thoma« 182 

Caldwell,  Charles 188 

Carrigain,  Philip 198 

Chalmers,  IJonel 204 

Clicevcr,  Abijah 218 

Childs,  Timothy 220 

<;iiurch,  Benjamin 228 

Clark,  John 227 

Clarke,  Thaddeus 232 

Clayton,  .loshua 288 

(^Icuvcland,  Porker 238 

Cleaveland.  Nchemiah 237 

Cochnvn,  John 242 

ColBn,  Charles 244 

Coffin,  Nathaniel 244 

Cnffln,  John  0 244 

Cogswell,  Mason  F 246 

Cooke.  Kllsha 258 

Cornelius,  Eiioa 263 

Cotton,  John ; 269 

Craik,  James 271 

Cutler,  John 277 

Cutter,  Ammi  B 273 

Dana,  .lames  F 282 

Danforth.  Samuel 288 

Dewws.  William  P 299 

De  Witt,  Benjamin 299 

DlzwcU,  John 304 


I  Doane,  George 

:  Donaldson.  William 306 

Domey,  John  S 305 

i  DnugluKs,  William 30A 

!  Drake,  Daniel 807 

'  Dwight,  ll«t>Janiin  W 817 

Eldridgo,  Charles 33U 

Eniersoji.  Samuel 389 

Ervlng.  Shirley 313 

Evans,  Ciulwallador 344 

Field,  lilcliard 860 

Fisher.  Joshua 353 

Fiske,  Caleb 368 

Fiskc,  Oliver 865 

Flint,  Austin 857 

Freeman,  Nathaniel 36i] 

Fuller,  Simiuel 369 

Gallup,  Joseph  A 373 

Gamage,  William 373 

Ganlen,  Alexander 374 

Godniau,  John  U 885 

Gorham,  John 390 

Graeme,  Thomas 892 

Graham,  Andrew 892 

Greene,  Peter 898 

Greene,  Thomas 898 

Greene,  Aipheus  8 898 

Griffltts,  Samuel  P 401 

Harris,  Tucker 414 

Hart,  John 417 

Hayward,  Lemuel 42.3 

Hay  ward,  Nathan 423 

Hazard,  Enoch 423 

Horsey,  Ezeklel 428 

Horsey,  Abner 428 

Hinde 434 

Holland,  Abraham 439 

Holyoke,  Edward  A 44I 

Hooker,  Thomas 444 

HoBock,  David 449 

Hunt,  Ebenezcr 456 

Ingalls,  William Hi3 

Ives,  Levi 4(^ 

Juuics,  Thomas 488 

JeHries,  Jolin 474 

Jones,  John 4g] 

Jones,  Noble  W 484 

■Tones,  Walter 484 

Jones,  Thomas  P 486 

King,  David 494 

Kisstim,  Uichard  8 493 

Kittredge,  Thomas 497 

Kollotk,  Lemuel 499 

Kuhn,  Ad.™i 5C0 

Lathmp,  Joshua 604 

Lining,  John 527 

Lloj  d,  Jamus 6,31 

Lovell,  Joseph 537 

Ih)w,  James 537 

Slacneven,  William  J 643 

Mann,  James. 647 

Mannj  Perez 6J7 

Manning,  John 547 

May,  Frederic 502 

Maylicw,  Matthew 664 

Miller,  Edward 678 

Miner,  Thomas 680 

Mitchell,  Ammi  U 582 

Mitchell,  Samuel  L 683 

Monro,  Oeorge 583 

Morgan,  John 589 

Morton,  Saniuel  G 696 

.Moultrie,  John 597 

Munson,  MneoM 599 

NlcoH,  John , .  .,107 

Noyes,  Josioh. ...   618 

Oliver,  Benjamin  L 622 

Ollvpr,  Daniel 622 

Parrish,  Joetiph 637 

Peabody,  Nathaniel 645 

Perkins,  Elisha 662 

Perkins,  Cyrus 663 

Physick,  Philip  S (iGl 

Pierson,  Abel  D fm 

Post,  Wright ,-74 

Potter,  Nathaniel , 074 

Prescott,  Oliver 678 

Ramsay,  Alexander 692 

Rand,  Isaac 692 

liedman,  John 690 

Hcvore,  John 699 

Kldgely,  Charles 702 

Rockwood,  Ebeneter 709 

Rodgers,  J.  Kearney 709 

Rush,  Benjamin 716 


Pbro 

Sewiill,  Thoma* 730 

gbiittiirk,  (Jcorge  C 731 

Shlppen.  William 735 

Shiirtlcff,  Donjiimin 78(1 

gmltli,  Xatlmn 744 

gpaiaing,  Lyman 74!) 

Spooncr,  William 751 

Spring,  MarHliall 752 

gpunbdm,  John  Q 753 

Sweet,  Bononi 773 

Tboclier,  James 787 

Thompson,  Hamual 701 

Tilton,  .lames 703 

Todd.Bli 794 

Townaend.  Daniel 79li  i 

Tudor,  Kliliu 802 

Tufts,  Cotton 803 

Twltchell,  Amos 805 

Warren,  .lohn 822 

Warron,  John  C 822 

Washington,  Bailey 8.33 

Watcrbouse,  Dei^araln 8<S3 

Welch,  Thomas 837 

Welch,  Archibald 837 

Williamson,  Hugh 8(18 

Wilson,  Samuel 86U 

Wistar,  Caspar 875 

Woodhouse,  James 883 

Woodward,  Samuel  B 885 

Poets. 

Adams,  John 3 

Allen,  James 25 

Alien,  Paul 27 

Alsop,  Kichard 80 

Arnold,  Josiah  L 40 

Barlow,  Joel 61 

Bereridge,  John 88 

Bleeclcer,  Anthony 08 

Boyd,  William 113 

Biiulstreet,  Anne 125 

Brainard,  John  G.  0 , 126 

Brooks,  James  0 144 

Brown,  William  U 146 

Capen.  Joseph 190 

Clark,  Willis  G 229 

Clifton,  WiUlam 238 

Coffin,  Roberts 244 

Cole,  James  L 249 

Crafts,  WllUam 270 

Davidson,  Lucretia  M 287 

Dlnsmoor,  Robert 304 

Eastburn,  James  W 819 

Fessenden,  Thomas  Q , 850 

Freneau,  Philip 367 

Godfrey,  Thomas 888 

Green,  Joseph 895 

BUIhouse,  James  A 433 

Honeywood,  St.  John 442 

Johnson,  WiUlam  M 479 

Key,  Francis  8 492 

Knapp,  Francis 497 

Knight,  Henry  C 497 

Ladd,  Jowph  B 601 

lake,  William 602 

Leggett,  William 620 

Low,  Samuel 637 

Ijyon,  Richard 541 

Hakin,  Thomoa 645 

Harkoe,  Peter 648 

McCrcery,  John 5l!<> 

Hellen,  Henry 673 

Hellen,  OreuTllIe 573 

Miller,  James  W 678 

Morcll.  William 589 

Muuford,  WllUam 608 

Osborn,  John 624 

Osborn,  SeUeck 626 

Osgood,  Frances  S 626 

Paine,  Robert  T 6.S2 

Parke,  John 635 

Percival,  James  0 651 

Pinkney,  Edward  C 667 

Plumcr,  William 608 

Kay ,  Will  lam 694 

Rose,  Aquila 713 

Bands,  Kolxirt  0 721 

Bhaw,  John 781 

Smith,  William  M... 746 

Tappan,  William  B 778 

TUden,  Mr 703 

Wain,  Robert 817 

Welby,  AmeUa  B 837 


INDEX. 


Wlgglesworth,  Bllchaol sr/,  '  Onlhnnn  ... 

Wilcox,  Curios KVj  j  (•„!„.«.  ]i,.„m<: 

Wright,  Nathaniel  H SS9    lahtrt.  I^imnl 


903 


.TohnO ■ 1^ 


Frintera  and  Fublishers. 

Altken,  Robert 14 

Armstrong,  Samuel  T 4.') 

Biiclie,  Ikinjiimlii  F 61 

Dingliani,  Ciileb 01 

Ilmdford,  Wlllinm 121 

Ilmdford,  Andrew 122 

Butler,  William 177 

Butler,  Sinieoii 177 

Colenmn,  William  A 250 

<;uiumlii|;«,  .Jacob  A 274 

Day,  Stephen 20;i 

Dobson.  Thomas 304 

Duanc,  Wlllinm 3il9 

Dunham,  Joslnh 313 

KUiot,  .lonntlian SUTi 

Fleet,  Thomas 856 

Fowle,  Daniel 8(!1 

Fox,  Justus 3IJ2 

Franklin,  Benjiimin PilQ 

Franklin,  Jnnies !16i> 

(liiine,  Hugh 371 

(imldard,  William 3-<2 

Oniy,  H.irriMon 301 

(Ircen,  Timothy ,105 

Hale,  Dnvld 405 

lliilliird,  Willium 433 

Holt,  John 440 

Holt,  Chiirlcs 440 

Hough,  George 449 

Fjuig,  John 502 

Minns,  Thomas 5S0 

Moore,  Jacob  B 5,S9 

Mussey ,  B.  B 602 

Nancrede,  Joseph 602 

NciTninn,  Mark  II 606 

Noah,  Mordecal  M 600 

Parker,  James 085 

Prentiss.  Charles 677 

Ititchie,  Thomas 704 

ItlTlngton,  James 705 

Russell,  Benjamin 717 

Smith,  .Samuel  II 745 

Southwlck.  Solomon 748 

8toue,  William  L 764 

Thomas,  Isaiah 789 

True,  Benjamin 799 


Statesmen  and  Magistrates. 


Adams,  Samuel 5 

Adams,  John 7 

Adams,  John  Quincy 13 

Alden,  John 14 

Ames,  Fisher 31 

Andros,  Edmund 38 

Arohdale,  John 41 

Argall,  Samuel 41 

Duldwin,  Abraham 56 

Bartlctt,  Josiah 67 

Ilassctt,  Richard 71 

Biiyard,  James  A 72 

Belcher,  Jonathan 77 

Ucll,  Samuel  80 

llellnniont,  Richard 80 

llellingham,  Itlchard 82 

Berkeley,  William 85 

Berkley,  Norborne 87 

Beriianl,  Francis 87 

Bibb,  WUIInm  W 89 

IHngliam,  William 01 

Illake,  Joseph W) 

Bland,  Rlcbard 07 

lllanil,  Theodorlc 97 

llowiliilu,  James 108 

Itowdoin,  James 110 

Ilowen,  James Ill 

Bradford,  William 117 

Ilradford,  William 121 

Bradford,  WUUam 122 

Bradley,  Stephen  R 124 

Bradstreet,  Simon 125 

Burnet,  William 165 

Burr,  Aaron 171 

Burrill,  James 172 

Butler,  Peirce 177 

Calwt,  George 182 

OalhouD,  JohD  £ 184 


186 

187 

(arnill,  Charles 194 

Camr.  .loliii 197 

Cimwell,  lllcbnrl JtiJ 

Cliamplnlii,  Samuel  De 206 

('hltt.nden.  Thomas 221 

Clairlioriie,  William  C.  C 224 

Clair.  Artlinr  St 224 

Clark.  William 229 

Clarke.  John 229 

Clay,  Henry 282 

Clinton,  Ceorgo 288 

Clinton.  ( ItHirge 230 

CHntnn,  ]te  Witt , !..!240 

Ciynier.  Cleorge 241 

Codclingtini,  Williiun 243 

Collins.  John 250 

(,'noke,  Klisba 269 

Cornbury.  Kdward  II 268 

Cortlandt,  Pierre  V<ni 264 

Cruwftml,  Wlllinm  H 278 

CuMhing.  Thonms 276 

Cushman.  Itoliert 276 

Cult.  John 278 

Dallas.  Alexander  J 270 

Danforth,  Thomas 282 

D'Aulnay 284 

Davis,  John .292 

Dayton.  Jonathan 204 

Deune.  Silas 294 

Dexter.  Siunnel 300 

Diikurson,  Mulilun !i01 

DickinMm,  John 302 

Dinsmixir,  ."ianiuul ,304 

Dinwiddle,  liolicrt :jl)4 

Dudley,  Thomas 300 

Dudley.  Jo.<i.pli 310 

Dumuier,  >\'Ullam 312 

Dunuiore,  John 818 

Early,  Peter 818 

Enton.  Thcophllus 319 

Edwards,  Ninlan 328 

Edwards,  Henry  W 329 

Ellery,  William 335 

Ellsworth,  Oliver 838 

Endocott,  John 841 

EuBtis,  Willium 348 

Fauquier,  Francis 349 

Fonner,  .lames 350 

Foot,  Samuel  A 359 

Forsyth,  John 360 

Franklin.  Benjamin 362 

Frye,  Simon 369 

Gadsden,  Christopher .370 

Gailliinl,  John 371 

(lallatin.  Albert 372 

Genet,  E<lmund  C 377 

Gerry,  Ell.ridgo 378 

Giles.  William  B 380 

Gill,  Jloses 380 

Gilman,  John  T 381 

Gomh,  William 385 

Gookin.  Daniel 387 

Gore.  Ciiristopher 889 

Gray,  William 304 

Grayson.  William 394 

Griswold,  Mattliew 402 

Griswold.  linger 402 

Grundy,  Felix 403 

Ilabersliam,  .loseph 404 

Hull,  Lyman 406 

Hamilton,  Alexander 408 

Iluuiilton,  i'aul 410 

Ilani  oek .  .lolin 412 

Harper,  Holwrt  G 418 

Harrison,  Benjamin 115 

Harrison,  William  II 418 

Huwley.  .Insepli 420 

Ilayne.  Itolwrt  Y 422 

llayncs,  John 422 

Ileister.  Joseph 424 

Hcndrick,  William 425 

Ilenrj-,  Putrlck 426 

Hill, Isaac 432 

inilhousc,  James 433 

Hinckley.  Thomas 4il4 

Holten,  Samuel 440 

Hooper,  William 444 

Hopkiiis.  Kdward 444 

llopkins,  Ste|>hcn 447 

Howard.  John  E .460 

Hdwnrd,  Benjamin 461 

Huntington,  Samuel 466 


904 


INDEX. 


Vitfta 

nnntlngton,  Hnmuel iW 

Ilutcliiiivnii,  Tlioiiiiu 45!! 

Irard,  lUilph 4<i5 

Jxjird,  (Icorgo 405 

Jnoksori,  .Tiiuioa 406 

Jaokiwn,  Aiitlrow 400 

Jvfri'rKon.TliniiiiM 471 

Jtink»,  JoHt^ph 476 

JohiiHoiif  iHiuic 477 

jDliiison,  \utlmnlel 478 

ilohiiMori.  KolxTt 478 

Jalinwiii,  (labriol 478 

JohnBOii,  TliniiiiiH 479 

John8tnno.  Siiuiu«l 482 

Kent,  .loscph 4yi 

Klnn,  Ilufus 493 

KliiK,  WillLiin 495 

KliiB.  WilUiim  K 495 

KnlKlit,  Ni'hi-inloh  U 498 

lianirCilon,  .Inliii 603 

Iinnreiin,  llvnry 6i~l0 

Law,  Joniitlmii 507 

liCc,  ItirbanI  Ilunry 514 

L<>c,  Arthur 615 

I./OC,  Tlinnms  Sim 618 

toet,  \Vllll.iiii 620 

Ixivcrett,  John 621 

Lewis,  Meriwether 522 

LcwiM,  Morgan 523 

Tiinroln,  £norli 526 

Llvlnpfston,  Pliilip 528 

Livinnston,  William 629 

LlvliiKHton,  Uolwrt  11 529 

Lloyd,  Kdwitrd 631 

Lloyd,  •liiinva 632 

Lowndes,  Willinm 638 

Ludlow,  Itoj^T 539 

Macon,  Nnthnniel 643 

Hudixon,  Uuorge 544 

Hadiflon,  iTamcH 644 

Martin,  Alexander 660 

Mason,  George 663 

Mayhew,  Thomas 502 

Mcl>owcll,  .Tames 607 

MeDuffic,  (Icorge 607 

HeKean,  Thomas 608 

Meigs,  Iteturn  J 672 

Mercer,  John 573 

Metcalfe,  Thomas 575 

Middleton,  Henry 670 

Milledge,  .lohn 577 

Miller,  Stephen  D 678 

Miller,  John 578 

Mitchell,  DiiTid  B 6^3 

Monroe,  Jnmes 583 

Morrill,  David  L 692  \ 

Morris,  I*wis 692  i 

Morris,  Kolicrt 692 

Morris,  Oouverncur 693  j 

Morrow,  .lercmiuli 694  ' 

Bloultrle,  Hilliam 597 

Murray,  William  Vajis 000 

Nelson,  Thomas 603 

Nieholas,  Wilson  C 000 

Ogdon,  Aaron 018 

Oglethorpe, James 019  ' 

Osgood,  Samuel 025  ■ 

Otis,  James 027  ! 

Otis,  Harrison  Gray 029  ' 

Paca,  William 030  : 

Page.  John 031  I 

Parris,  Albion  K 037  i 

Patterson,  William 042 

Pendleton,  Edmund 049 

Ponn.  William 049 

Phillips,  John 000 

Phipps,  William . .  .000 

Pickering,  Timothy 001 

Pierce,  Benjamin 002 

Pinckney,  Thomas 000 

Pinckney,  Charles 000 

Pleasants,  James 008 

Plnmer,  Wllllum fltiS 

Poinsett,  Joel  U 000 

Polk,  James  K 009 

Pownoll,  Thomas 075 

Preseott,  William 078 

Priiici',  Tliomas OSl 

Pynelum,  John 087 

lljindall.  liii-hard 093 

Itandolph,  IVvton 093 

Ilandolph,  Kdmund 0;i3 

Rantoul,  Kiiliert 093 

Rohblnp,  Ashur 700  [ 

Itobiiuon,  Moses , 708  I 


Page 

Rodney,  Oapsar 710 

Itusswnnn,  John  B 718 

llutlnlge.  Kdward 718 

Saltonstall,  Qurdon 720 

Sevier,  John 728 

Sherman,  lioger 784 

Shirley,  William 7.35 

Shntv,  Samuel 730 

Sndth,  John 739 

Smith,  Israel 712 

Smith,  John  (! 745 

Southard,  Samuel  L.  . .' 748 

StiK'kton,  Hlchard 701 

Strong,  <;aleb 708 

Stuy vesant,  Peter 770 

Sullivan,  James 770 

Sumner,  Increase 772 

Taylor,  Zachnry 780 

,  Thomson,  Charles 701 

I  Thornton,  Matthew 792 

[  Ticlienor,  l.saac 792 

Tonilinson.  Uldeon 795 

!  Tompkins,  Daniel  D 795 

Tracy,  Uriah 797 

;  Treadwell,  John 797 

,  Treat,  Koliert 708 

i  Trnmhull,  Jonathan 709 

:  Trvon,  WillUim 801 

Upshur.  Abel  P 807 

Vane,  Henry 808 

Van  Itensselaer,  Stephen 809 

Waldron,  Hlchard 814 

Walton,  (Jcorge 818 

Weans  MeshiTh 834 

Webster,  Daniel 830 

Wcntworth,  Ilenning 840 

Wi'iitworth,  John 840 

Williams,  Iknjamin 804 

Winslow,  Edward 871 

Wliislow,  Jbsiah 872 

WInthrop,  .John 872 

Wlnthrop.  .Tohn 873 

WInthrop,  >"ilz-.Tohn 873 

Wlnthrop,  Thomas  L 874 

Wolcott,  Hogcr 877 

Woleott,  Oliver 878 

Woodbury,  I-evi 888 

Wright,  Silas 890 

Wyllis,  George 891 


Warriors  and  Patriots. 

Abcrcrombie.  James 2 

Ackland,  John  D 3 

Adair,  .lohn 3 

Alexander,  William,  Lord  Stirling 16 

Allen,  Ethan 18 

Allen,  William  Henry 2l< 

Amlierist,  .leffrcy 33 

Andre.  John 34 

Arbuckle,  Matthew 41 

Armistead,  W.  K 42 

Armntronp,  Itobcrt 4" 

Armstrong,  John 42 

Arnold,  Benedict 43 

Ashley,  .lohn 47 

Ashley,  William 47 

Atherton.  Humphrey 48 

Bacon,  Nathaniel 63 

Balnbridgc,  William 60 

Barney,  Joshua 05 

Barron,  Samuel 60 

Barron,  James 00 

Barry,  John 60 

Barton.  William 09 

Bavard,  John 72 

Biddle,  Nicholas 89 

Biddle,  Thomas 89 

Blukeley,  Johnston 96 

Bliss,  John 99 

Itlonniflcld.  .loseph 99 

Bomford,  George 101 

Boone,  Daniel 102 

Bouquet.  Henry 107 

Bowie,  Uobert Ill 

Boyd.  John  P 112 

Briidiloc  k,  Kdwai-.i 110 

Bradford.  Hilliam 121 

Bradfo.d,  Gamaliel 121 

liradf.ird,  William 122 

Bradstn'ct,  John 120 

Brady.  Hugh 126 

Brock,  Isaac 140 

Brooliv,  Georgo  M 142 


Page 

Brooks,  Elciucr 142 

Brooks,  John 142 

Brown,  John 144 

Brown,  Andrew ife 

Brown,  ^lows 146 

Brown.  Jacob 15j) 

Bull,  John 161 

Burbcck.  Henry 162 

Burd,  Benjamin 162 

Burgoyne,  John lfI2 

Burrow.''.  William 173 

Butler,  lilchard 174 

Butler,  Thomas 176 

Butler,  John 175 

Butler.  Ztbulon 176 

Butler.  William 177 

Byrd,  William 180 

Cadwallader,  John 182 

Calhoun,  Patrick 184 

(.'amplwll,  Samuel 188 

Carlton,  Guy 11)1 

Cass,  Jonathan 202 

Chaui|ie,  John 205 

CImndler,  John 208 

Clmuncey,  Isaac 213 

Chester,  John 219 

Chllds.  Tliomas 220 

Church,  Benjamin 222 

Cilley,  .loscph 224 

Clarke.  George  H 231 

Clarkson.  Matthew 232 

Clinton,  .Tames 238 

(!linton.  Henry,  Sir 240 

Colfee,  John 244 

Conwdy ,  Henry 258 

Conway,  Uobert 268 

Cooper,  Jaw  J8  B 202 

Cornwallls,  Charles 204 

Corte«,  Hernando 264 

Covington,  Leonard 270 

Croghan,  WIlHam 272 

Cropper,  John 273 

Cummlng.  John  N 274 

Cumndng.  Kolwrt 274 

Cushing,  Thomas  H.     270 

Dale,  liicharil 279 

Davidson,  William 287 

Davlc.  William  K 288 

Dayton,  Ellas 293 

Dearborn,  Henry 294 

Decaiur,  Stephen 296 

Dickinson,  Philemon 303 

Dieskau.  John  H 304 

D\vlght,  .Iiiseph 315 

Kiiston,  .laines .Sli) 

Eaton,  William 320 

Egbert,  Samuel 380 

Eustace,  John  S 343 

Fellows.  John ,349 

Few.  William 860 

Floyd,  IVllliam 368 

Kolsoin,  Nathaniel 359 

Forbes,  Joseph 3.59 

i-'orrest,  Uriah 3(jO 

Koster,  Giileon 361 

.?relinghuysen,  Frederic 367 

Frost.  John 368 

Frye,  Joseph 369 

Gaines.  Edmund  P 372 

Oansevoort,  Peter,  jun 374 

Gates,  Horatio 376 

Gibbons,  Edward 378 

Gibson,  John 879 

Gist,  Mordecal .<)82 

Greene,  Nathaniel 3116 

Gridlev,  Hlchard ...HO 

Il.ile,  Nathan 405 

Hampton,  Waile 411 

Haniiar,  .loslah 413 

Harmon,  Johnson 413 

Harrington,  Ijcwis 41'^ 

Hayne,  Isaac 422 

Hazen,  Moses 423 

Heatli,  William 423 

Henry,  William 428 

Herkimer.  General 428 

Hilton,  Wlnthrop 4.S4 

Hubbard.  Caleb 4.5;i 

Huger,  I«.a!ic 454 

Hull.  William 4.'>4 

Hull.  Isaac 4.'i5 

Humphreys,  David 455 

Huntington,  .leremiaU 457 

Huntington.  Ebenezer 4^ 

Irvine,  W  Ullam 404 


INDEX. 


905 


Pbko  ' 

Inrin,  Jnred 4(14 

JamM,  John 4tW 

.loliniinn,  Willliun,  Sir 4Hil 

Jnhnaon,  Kii'liunl  M 4HJ 

JoncK.  .lohn  Fuul 4K{ 

Joniw,  .Incob 48.') 

Jones,  lUiger 4ft5 

Kalb,  Baron  De 488 

Kearney,  Stephen  W 4H!t 

Konnon.  Beverley 4U1 

Knox,  Ilenrv 4H8 

KoMtliisko,  ThaJdcua 4SHt 

Ijifeyette,  0.  M 601 

liiiureiie,  John TiTKi 

lAwrenco,  J«mc» 507 

l^dyurd.  Colonel 612 

Ixw,  Charles 513 

I«c,  John 618 

Lee,  Henry 518  | 

U»,  Samuel 519  i 

Mncoln,  Bonjiiniln 523 

Lin|;an,  Jnmeii  M 625 

Uviii);ston,  Henry 630 

Lovcwell,  John 637 

Irynian,  I'hinohos 640 

Markenzle,  Alexander  S 543 

Haeoml'.  Alexander 643 

Manly,  John 646 

Murion,  FrancU 648 

Mason,  John 651 

Jfimon,  David 553 

Miittooi),  ElxMiezer 501 

Mf('Inry.  Andrew 505 

McDonouKh ,  Th<)«>ii» 660 

MrDougnli,  Alexander 600 

Mcintosh,  John 5<J8 

Mcig; ,  Kefurn  J 672 

Mercer,  Hugh 573 

Mifflin,  ThomM 677 

Miller,  James 579 

Mitchell,  David 582 

MoQt^mery,  lUchard 6^ 

Mooers,  Beojamin 588 

Morgan.  Daniel 589 

Morris,  I^ewis 592 

Morris,  Charles 594 

Morton,  Jereminh 690 

Muhlenberg,  Peter 598 

Murray,  Alexander 601 

Nash,  Francis 602 

Nelson,  Roger 603 

Nicholson,  James 607 

Nicholson,  Siimuol 607 

Nicholson,  John  B 007 

Nixon,  John 609 

Ogden,  Matthias 018 

Paine,  Ethvard 633 

Parsons,  Samncl  U 639 

Peppcrroll,  WlllUm 660 

Perry,  Oliver  H 654 

Pickens,  Andrew 661 

Pike,  Zobulon  M 664 

Pinckncy,  Charles  0 065 

Pomeroy,  Soth 670 

Porter,  Mose6 672 


Paire 

Porter,  David o;3 

Porter.  Pf  tcr  B 074 

I'orttrfleUI .  Uohrrt (174 

I'relilo,  iCdvrard 670 

Hrescott,  William 07 


Women  of  Xhninenoo. 


Adams,  Hannah 18 

Anthony,  Susanna 38 

Bmknian,  Comelik 77 

I'utnam,  Israel 68c    Blocker.  Aon  Eliza 97 

I'ntium,  lUifus (187    llracc,  I.ucv  C lift 

Quincy,  Josiah (ISil    -       " 

Kce<l,  iloseph (UKi 


Bradfonl,  Alice 1^) 

Bra.'fiird.  Snsan VJH 

Ueverc,  Paul 6!Ht    Brcioki,  Maria IW 


Uipley,  Eli'iizar  Whcelock 7(13 

liodgers,  John 7(«i 

Scammcll,  Alcx.i'ider 72:1 

S<huyler,  Philip     723 

Scott,  Charles 724 

Screven,  Thomas 724 

Sewall,  Henry 7*1 

Shelby,  Isaac 7,'J2 

Sheldon,  Daniel T 7,S2 

Shepherd,  William 73t 

SmallwmHl,  William 73S 

Smith,  .Samuel Ti', 

Siwncer,  Joseph 7.'>0 


lliilliK-k.  I.ylia Kil 

Caldwell,  lUirhel 18.3 

CaniplK'll,  Maria 189 

<;b««,  JInry aiKJ 

.  '•  man,  ("Htlicrlno 243 

Colby,  Maria  Otis 247 

I)«  Wilt.  Susan .3110 

Ddssoli.  ,^irali  M. , SOS 

Dustnii,  Hannah U4 

I)« ii!lit.  Margarcttc 317 

Dv.T.  JIary 318 

Kdwarils,  Sarah 828 

Knmir.  I'bcU' 848 


Htanwix,  Colonel 7,54  !  Kaugeers,  Marg«rett» 849 


Steuimn,  P.  W ^m 

Stevens,  Etiward 767 


Ferguson,  Elizabeth 350 

Fiske,  Catharine 856 


8t«!Tens,  ElK'nezer "53  !  Fletcher,  Bridget 356 


Sullivan,  John 770 

Sumter,  Thomas 772 

Talcott,  John 776 

Talhnadgp,  Benjamin 776 

Throop,  Benjamin 792 

Towson,  Nathan 790  i  Hinsdale,  Nancy 

Truxton,  Thomas 801 

Tucker,  Samuel 802 

Tuppcr,  Benjamin 803 

Ulmer,  George 806 

Varnum,  James  M 810 

Wadswortli,  Pelcg 813 

Ward,  Artcmas 819 

Wivtd,  Samuel 819 

Warner,  Seth 820 

Warren,  ,Toseph 821 

Warren,  James 821 

Warrington,  l/cwis 823 

Washiagtoii,  George 823 

Washington,  Thomas 8,32 

Wayi.e,  Anthony 834 

Wliipple,  Abraham 847 

Whiting,  Henry 852 

Wilkinson,  James 857 


Froiman,  Sarah 307 

Fn'linghuysim,Charlott« 867 

Could,  Bulah  H 893 

Hart,  Ituth 418 

Hent/,  Caroline  Leo 428 

435 

II<Hlge,  llnnnah 438 

IIof>ix'r.  liUrv 444 

Hubbard,  Polly 468 

Huntington,  Susan 468 

Hutchinson,  Ann 460 

Hyde,  Nancy  M 463 

Jacobs,  I'helie  Ann 467 

Johnson,  Arliella 477 

Jones,  Margaret 483 

Knox,  Kuth 490 

Ijvke,  Mary 503 

Jax,  Ann 516 

IiOgnn,  Martha 583 

I/igan,  Delmroh 584 

Lynn. Mary 643 

Uadi^on,  liorothy 544 

McDonald,  Flora 506 

NeH,  M.ary 603 


,TIIIVIUCUII,V.WI<^ , UUI  ilUU,     1,1,1*  J \JV» 

Williams,  William 864    Outein,  Nancy  C 629 

Williams,  Otho  II 864" 

Williams,  Jonathan 864 

Williams,  William  U 866 

Williams,  Ebenezcr 866 

Winder,  William  U 870 

Winds,  William 870 

Wolfe,  James 878 

Wood,  James 880 

Woodford,  William 883 

Woolscy,  M.  L 886 

Woostcr,  David 888 

Worth,  W.  J 888 

WyUys,  Samuel 891 


Plielps,  Elizabeth 657 

Ilamsay,  Martha  L 692 

Itoidesel.  Frcderica 702 

Ilipley,  Dorothea 703 

Uowson,  Susanna 716 

Smith,  Su.«an 748 

Warren,  Mercy 823 

Washington,  Martha 883 

IVheatloy,  Pliillis 843 

Wood,  SaUy  S 880 


